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A MAJOR BRIDGE
BATCH MEMBERS: SELVARASAN.P SIVARAJ.R VIGNESH.B VIMALRAJAN.A (50408103040) (50408103044) (50408103054) (50408103058)
GUIDED BY:
Prof. Dr.V.BALAKRISHNAN.
Department of Civil Engineering.
CONTENTS
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15)
Pile foundation. Types of piles. Classifications of piles by material. Functions of pile cap Load calculation(both Dead load and live load). Impact factor for live load. Moment calculation. Shear force calculation. Design of pile (for piles acting individually and group). Reinforcement details of a pile. Efficiency of pile group. Design of pile cap. Reinforcement details of pile cap. Conclusion Reference
1. Pile foundation.
Pile foundations are the part of a structure used to carry and transfer the load of the structure to the bearing ground, located at certain depth below ground surface. The main components of the foundation are the pile cap and the piles.
2. Types of Piles
Types of piles based on the mechanism of load transfer. There are two types of piles. They are,
4.Functions of piles
To transmit a foundation load to a firm ground To resist vertical, lateral and uplift load Piles can also be used in normal ground conditions to resist horizontal loads. Piles are a convenient method of foundation for works over water, such as jetties or bridge piers.
Total dead load = Self weight of box girder + load due to weathering coarse + Self weight of pier. Total dead load is 42021 kN.
7. Moment calculation
Max. B.M. Occurs when the load is at mid span.
B.M. at mid span = 1510.75 kNm. Moment on pier due to water current in lateral direction
9. Design of a pile
Cohesive factor, c = 50 kN/m2 Adopted length of pile = 30m. Diameter of each pile is (hp) 1.5m. Spacing between two piles S = 4.5m
Where, c = 50
A = DL = 141.37 m2 Qug = 106028.75 kN
Clear cover to longitudinal bars = 75mm (min. cover = 40mm) Area of longitudinal steel, Asc = 10799.22 mm2 Diameter of core, Dk = 1318 mm Area of core, Ak = 1364334 mm2
Ratio of volume of helical steel to volume of core = Volume of helix per pitch length / Volume of core per pitch length = 0.0121 This value should be 0.36 [(Ag / Ak) 1](fck/fy) 0.005
0.0121 0.005
Hence the provision of helical reinforcement is satisfactory.
Spacing of longitudinal 32 mm dia. rods = 197.17 Therefore provide 195 mm spacing between each longitudinal bars.
g = 0.709
Therefore efficiency of group of piles = 70.9 %
As = 80422 mm2
Minimum reinforcement, Ast = 0.12 % x b x d = 5040 mm2 Provide 32 mm diameter bars Spacing = ast / Ast x 1000 = 159 mm Ast (Provided) =196237mm2 Ast (Provided) > Ast (Required) Due to the larger depth of the pile cap, provide 2 legged stirrups. Hence the provided reinforcement for pile cap is safe.
CONCLUSION
This project has given opportunity to understand the basic principles of pile foundation design. In the project pile and pile cap have been designed with reinforcement details During the course of the project we have gained knowledge about designing of pile cap and loading criteria. The pile foundation is designed as per IS 2911- 1979, Part 1 concrete piles, section 2 Bored cast in situ piles. We have learnt the application of AUTOCAD during the course of this project.
References
Books referred
Bridge Engineering by S. Ponnusamy.
THANK YOU