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•As the compass box is turned, the letters N, E, S, and W turn with it, but
the needle continues to point towards the north and gives a reading which is
dependant on the position of the graduated circle.
•The 0o is placed at both north and south directions and 90o is marked at
east and west directions.
•The east and west markings are interchanged from their normal position as
shown in fig to read the bearings in the proper quadrant.
Trough Compass
•It consists of a long magnetic needle in a narrow rectangular box.
•The needle of trough compass consists of a long, narrow, magnetized
bar of steel, pointed at both ends with the usual agate bearing at the
centre.
•At each end of the box is a block of metal, on which is engraved a
zero line and a very short graduated arc extending about 5o on either
side of the zero mark.
•When it is used in conjunction with a plane table, the sides of the
box are used as a ruler to plot the north direction.
•When fitted on a theodolite (generally attached by screws to the
side of one of the standards), it is used to align the telescope in the
meridian.
Tubular Compass
A tubular compass is an improved version of a trough compass.
A trough compass do not itself to very precise setting owing to parallax
arriving from the difficulty of ensuring that the eye is in the vertical plane
of the needle. This difficulty is overcome by the use of a tubular compass.
In a tubular compass, the magnetic needle is contained in a tube, at one
end of which eye piece and a diaphragm carrying a glass plate with vertical
rulings is fitted. This is nearly in the same place as one end of the needle.
The reticule being suitably illuminated by a reflector, the observer on
looking through the eyepiece sees the end of the needle without any
parallax.
Reference Material:-
Surveying by S.K.Duggal
Surveying and Levelling by Basak
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