Mc tiu:

1.Nm c khi nim v cu to ca phc cht

2.Gii thch c lin kt ca mt s phc cht theo thuyt VB.

3. Nm c s phn ly, hng s bn v hng s khng bn trong dung dch phc cht.
4.ng dng ca cc hng s trong phc cht gii mt s bi tp

1.KHI NIM V PHC CHT 1.1. nh ngha

mt s ion kim loi c th kt hp vi cc anion hay phn t trung ho to ra nhng t hp mi gi l cc phc cht.
Fe2+ Ag+ + + 6CN2NH3 [Fe(CN)6]4 [Ag(NH3)2] +

Ni2+ + H2O + 2C2O42- [Ni(C2O4)2(H2O)2]2-

1.2.Cu to ca phc cht Cng thc tng qut: [MLx]nXn

V d

[Ag(NH3)2]Cl
Cu ngoi

Ion trung tm

Phi t

Cu ni

2.CCH GI TN PHC CHT

* Nguyn tc chung - Gi catrion trc, anion sau - Th t gi tn: phi t, tn nguyn t (ion trung tm)

*S phi t:
Ch s lng phi t dng tip u ng i, tri, tetra

Ch s lng phi t nhiu cng dng tip u ng bis, tris

*Tn phi t - Nu phi t l anion : tn ca anion + O CH3COO - - axeto F- Floro OH Hidroxo CN - - Xiano O 2- - oxo H- hidrio

- Nu phi t l phn t trung ha = tn ca phn t C2H4 etylen C5H5N pyriddin NO - nitrozil CO - cacbonil

Ch

NH3 - amin H2O aqu

*Nguyn t trung tm v s oxi ha nguyn t trung tm trong cation phc = tn nguyn t + s La M vit trong ngoc n
-

- nguyn t trung tm trong anion phc = tn nguyn t + AT + s Lam + ngoc n ch s oxi ha

nu phc l axit th thay ui AT bng IC
V d

[CO(NH3)6]Cl3

hexamincoban (III) clorua

[Pt (NH3)4(NO2)Cl2]SO4 Cloronitrotetraminplatin(IV) sunfat

K4[Fe(CN)6] H[AuCl4] Kalihexaxyanoferat (II) axit tetracloruauric (III)

3.GII THCH LIN KT TRONG PHC CHT

3.1.C s ca phng php - lin kt gia phi t vi nguyn t hay ion trung tm trong phc cht l lin kt cho nhn (hay lin kt phi tr). - Cc phi t l phn t hay ion c t nht mt cp electron cha lin kt (cht cho), cn nguyn t hay ion trung tm phi c nhng obital trng (cht nhn) nhn cp electron. - cc obital cn trng ca ion trung tm phi lai ho vi nhau to ra cc OA c nng lng, kch thc nh nhau nhng ch khc nhau v hng.

Cu hnh khng gian ca phc ph thuc vo cc dng lai ho ca ion trung tm. C cc dng sau: Dng li ho sp, ds sp3, d3s dsp2 Cu hnh khng gian ca phc ng thng t din vung phng

dsp3, d2sp2 , sp2d d2sp3 , sp3d2

Lu

Lng chp tam gic bt din

Cc OA mun lai ho phi gn nhau v mt nng lng dng lai ho ph thuc vo cu trc electron ca ion trung tm v bn cht ca phi t.

t din

vung phng

Bt din

Chp t phng

Lng chp tam gic

Cc bc tin hnh gii thch Vit cu trc ca ion trung tm Xc nh dng lai ho ca ion trung tm Xy dng cu trc ca phc

3.2.S hnh thnh ca phc cht theo thuyt VB

V d : gii thch s to phc [FeF6]4- ( 0) 4- ( = 0) [Fe(CN) ] 6 [Fe(CN)6]4-

Fe (Z = 26) 3d64s2 Fe2+ Lai ho 3d64s0 2AOd + 1AOs + 3AOp 6d2sp3

xx xx xx xx xx xx

Eletron b dn li Khng c electron c thn

phc c spin thp ( = 0)

6CN-

Vi phc [Fe(F)6]4Ion Fe2+

cc e c thn 3d khng b dn p sp3d2

xx xx xx xx xx xx

c electron c thn

6F= phc c spin cao ( 0)

Hai phc u c hnh bt din, 6 AO lai ho nm trn 6 nh ca hnh bt din [Fe(CN)6]4[FeF6]4 phc c lai ho trong phc c lai ho ngoi

Ti sao li xy ra nh vy ?

Do nh hng ca phi t

I- <Br-<Cl-<SCN-<F-<OH-<H2O<NH3<NO2<CN-<CO
phi t trng yu phi t trngmnh

Nhn xt
Cng ion trung tm nhng cc phi t khc nhau c th to ra cc dng lai ho khc nhau..

Nu tng tc ion trung tm vi phi t trng mnh th s c s dn ghp cc e lai ho trong

Ngc li vi phi t trng yu khng c s dn ghp cc e lai ho ngoi
- Thuyt

lin kt VB gii thch c kh nng phn ng ca phc Cc phc lai ho ngoi d phn ng hn cc phc lai ho trong.
Cc phc c AO trng kh nng phn ng rt cao

: [V(NH3)6]3+

z = 23 (3d34s2)
xx xx xx xx xx xx

Trng Gii thch c t tnh ca phc Gii thch c cu hnh khng gian ca phc Nhc im ca thuyt VB Cha gii thch mt cch t m t tnh cng nh bn ca phc Khng gii thch c tnh cht quang hc ca phc Cha gii thch c y cu hnh khng gian ca phc

4.HNG S CN BNG CA PHC CHT

Gi M l ion trung tm, L l phi t

M + nL MLn

ML n Kcb = n = Kb [ M ][ L ]

hng s bn ca phc cht Kb

+ L

ML
ML2

K1
K2 Kn Kb = K1.K2...Kn

ML + L

MLn-1 + L MLn

1 Kkb = Kb

Hng s khng bn

5. MT S PHN NG CA PHC CHT 5.1. Phn ng oxi ha kh

K4[Fe(CN)6 ] + 8HCl +KMnO4 = 5K3[Fe(CN)6 ] + MnCl2 + 6KCl + 4H2O
[Fe(CN)6 ]3- + 8NH3 = 6 [Fe(CN)6 ]4- + 6NH4+ + N2

5.2.Phn ng trao i [Fe(SCN)6]3- + 3C2O42- [Fe(C2O4)3]3- + 6SCNmu mu mu vng

[Fe(C6H5O7)]3- + 3C2O42- [Fe(C2O4)3]3- + 2C6H5O73mu vng chanh mu vng

5. NG DNG CA PHC CHT chic cu ni c o gia ha i cng, v c, hu c, ha l, phn tch v ha l thuyt i vi c th sng: ng vai t quan trng trong hot ng sng ca c th.
R R HC N H N R HC R H N CH R N R R CH R + M
2+

R R HC N N R HC R M N

R CH N CH R R R + 2H
+

Vng pophirin

Phc cht vi y hc

iu ch thuc cha bnh v phng bnh

BI TP 1. Hy gi tn cc phc sau: Co[(NH3)6]Cl3 , Na3[Co(NO2)6], K[Ag(CN)2], [Cu(NH3)2]Cl. 2.gii thch s to thnh phc [Ni(CN)4]2- (nghch t) v [Ni(NH3)6]2+ Bit ZNi = 28 (3d84s2) 3.Trn c s thuyt VB hy gii thch s hnh thnh lin kt trong cc phc cht sau: phc t din Cr(CO)6 , [NiCl4]2- . Phc vung phng [Ni(CN)4] 4. Xc nh tan ca AgSCN trong dung dch NH3 0,003M. Bit TAgSCN = 1,1.10-12, hng s phn ly ca phc cht [Ag(NH3)2 ]+ bng 6.10-8