Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Thng
Nm 20...
Thng
Nm 20...
N MN HC
MN HC
H Thng Nhng
K43kt
M U.................................................................................................................6
Chng 1 : Phn Tch Bi Ton..............................................................................7
La chn phn mm :......................................................................................11
Chng 2: Thit K V Tnh Ton Cho H Thng..................................................12
S khi ca kha s...................................................................................12
M U
Khi iu khin
Thit b chp
hnh
1.3.
Hnh 1.2: kha s trn th trng khng c giao din ngi dng
Mt s loi trn th trng c giao din ngi dng qua nhng mn hnh
LCD 16x2 hin th thng tin ti ngi dng. Nh vy th d s dng hn cc loi
khc.
Hnh 1.3: kha s trang b mn hnh LCD giao din ngi dng.
1.4.
C th thay i c mt khu.
Cc rng buc :
-
// cc tin x l
khi ca kha s
Khi Bo ng
Mn Hnh Hin
Th LCD 16x2
Khi Ngun
Vi iu Khin
PIC 16F877a
ng C
Khuch i Tn
Hiu
Bn Phm Ma
Trn 4x4
Bo ng
Nhp Mt
M
Thao Tc
Phm
Nhp Mt
M C
i Mt M
Mt M
Mi
Kha Ca
i Mt
M
13
Thao Tc Phm
Controller
software
Chng
Trnh Bo
ng
Giao Tip
LCD
Giao Tip
EEPROM
Mn Hnh LCD
Giao Tip
Bn Phm
EEPROM
Bn Phm
iu Khin
ng c
ng C
Chung Bo
a. c im pic 16f877a:
Cng ngh CMOS c c tnh : cng sut thp, cng ngh b nh
Flash/EEPROM tc cao. in p hot ng t 2V n 5,5V v
tiu tn nng nng thp. ph hp vi nhit lm vic trong
cng nghip v trong thng mi.
Tc hot ng :
- DC 20MHz ng vo xung clock
- DC 200ns chu k lnh
Dung lng ca b nh chng trnh Flash l 8K x 14words.
Dung lng ca b nh d liu RAM l 368x8Bytes.
Dung lng ca b nh d liu EEPROM l 256x8 Bytes.
o B nh d liu EEPROM cho php xa v ghi 1.000.000
ln.
o B nh EEPROM c th lu gi d liu hn 40 nm v c
th t lp trnh li c di s iu khin ca phn mm.
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Vi phn mm CCS vit chng trnh C cho PIC, khi truy xut cc d liu
t cc cng th ta khng cn chn BANK thanh ghi phc tp nh trn. Ta ch cn
dng cc lnh : SET_TRIS_X v OUTPUT_X l c th xut nhp. Nhng khi nhp d
liu vi cc cng ta khng nn dng lnh OUTPUT_X v trc khi thc hin xut mt
d liu th mc nh n SET_TRIS_X. Ta nn khai bo a ch ban u ca thanh
ghi v d:
#BYTE PORTB =0x06, #BYTE PORTC=0x07.
Nh th th ta c th xut d liu ra cc cng bng cc lnh gn
PORTX=0xXX m khng lm nh hng n thanh ghi nh hng ban u qua lnh
SET_TRIS_X.
Cc cng RB, RC, RD l cng vo ra 8 bt, vi cc chn RX0 n RX7.
khin ca
o Chn chn RB6,RB7 iu khin ng c thng qua mch cu.
o Chn chn RB5 a tn hiu ra h thng bo ng.
d. B nh EEPROM:
D liu EEPROM v b nh chng trnh Flh c th c v ghi trong sut
qu trnh hot ng bnh thng. B nh ny khng c thit lp trc tip trong
khng gian file thanh ghi c bit. C 6 thanh ghi FSR c s dng c v ghi b
nh ny:
EECON1
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EECON2
EEDATA
EEDATH
EEADR
EEADRH
Khi giao tip vi khi b nh d liu , thanh ghi EEDATA cha 8bt d liu
cho vic c/ghi v thanh ghi EEADR cha a ch nh ca EEPROM ang c
truy xut. Nu pic c b nh 128 byte th a ch nm trong khong t 80H n FFH,
nu PIC c b nh EEPROM l 256 byte th a ch nm trong khong t 00h n
FFh. Vi PIC 16f877a c 256 byte b nh nn EEPROM nm trong khong t 00h
n FFh.
Khi giao tip vi b nh chng trnh th hai thanh ghi EEDATA v EEDATH
kt hp vi nhau li thnh thanh ghi 16 bit lu tr d liu 14bit cho lnh c/ghi v
hai thanh ghi EEADR v EEADRH kt hp li thnh thanh ghi 16 bt lu a ch
13 bit ca nh ang truy sut . Vi pic c dung lng b nh chng trnh l 8k
wd th a ch trong khong t 0000h n 1FFFh . Nu truy sut nh c a ch ln
hn th s b cun nm trong vng nh thc
B nh d liu EEPROM cho php c v ghi 1 byte b nh chng trnh
Flash cho php c 1 word v ghi khi 4 word . Hot ng ghi ca b nh chng
trnh s t ng thc hin xa trc khi ghi vo khi 4 word . Mt byte ghi vo b
nh d liu EEPROM s t ng xa nh ri mi ghi d liu mi xa trc khi
ghi
Khi chip c m bo bb th CPU c th c v ghi d liu b nh EEPROM.
Ty thuc vo cch thit lp cc bt bo v chng ghi, PIC c th cho hoc khng cho
ghi d liu vo mt vi khi b nh chng trnh ; tuy nhin cho php c b nh
chng trnh. Khi PIC coa m bo v th ngi dung khng cn c truy cp b nh
d liu hoc b nh chng trnh.
Thanh ghi EEADR v EEADRH
Cp thanh ghi EEADRH:EEADR c th nh a ch ti a 256 byte ca b
nh d liu EEPROM hoc ti a 8k word ca b nh chng trnh EEPROM
Khi truy xut b nh d liu th ch dung thanh ghi EEADR lu byte a ch
thp
Khi truy xut b nh chng trnh th dung thanh ghi EEADR lu byte a
ch thp v thanh ghi EEADRH lu byte cao
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Chn s
1
Tn
Vss
Chc nng
Chn ni t cho LCD, khi thit k mch ta ni chn ny vi
GND ca mch iu khin
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Vdd
3
4
Vee
Rs
R/w
7-14
DB0DB7
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c. Cc thanh ghi
Chp HD44780 c 2 thanh ghi 8 bit quan trng : Thanh ghi lnh IR (Instructor
Register) v thanh ghi d liu DR (Data Register)
- Thanh ghi IR : iu khin LCD, ngi dng phi ra lnh thng qua tm
ng bus DB0-DB7. Mi lnh c nh sn xut LCD nh a ch r rng. Ngi
dng ch vic cung cp a ch lnh bng cch np vo thanh ghi IR. Ngha l, khi ta
np vo thanh ghi IR mt chui 8 bit, chp HD44780 s tra bng m lnh ti a ch
m IR cung cp v thc hin lnh .
VD : Lnh hin th mn hnh c a ch lnh l 00001100 (DB7DB0)
Lnh hin th mn hnh v con tr c m lnh l 00001110
- Thanh ghi DR : Thanh ghi DR dng cha d liu 8 bit ghi vo vng
RAM DDRAM hoc CGRAM ( ch ghi) hoc dng cha d liu t 2 vng
RAM ny gi ra cho MPU ( ch c). Ngha l, khi MPU ghi thng tin vo DR,
mch ni bn trong chp s t ng ghi thng tin ny vo DDRAM hoc CGRAM.
Hoc khi thng tin v a ch c ghi vo IR, d liu a ch ny trong vng RAM
ni ca HD44780 s c chuyn ra DR truyn cho MPU. Bng cch iu khin
chn RS v R/W chng ta c th chuyn qua li gi 2 thanh ghi ny khi giao tip vi
MPU. Bng sau y tm tt li cc thit lp i vi hai chn RS v R/W theo mc
ch giao tip.
RS
0
0
R/W
0
1
1
1
0
1
Khi cn
Ghi vo thanh ghi RS ra lnh cho thanh ghi
c c bn DB7 v gi tr ca b m a ch
DB0-DB6
Ghi vo thanh ghi DR
c d liu t DR
Bn Phm
Hnh 2.8: Ma Trn 16 Phm
Thc hin chc nng giao tip vi vi iu khin PIC 16F87, dng hin th
nhp password, thay i password, m kha ca
S dng bn phm ma trn 16 phm
Vi cc phm s t 0 =>9 v cc phm chc nng m ca, kha ca, v i mt
khu.
kt ni vi vi iu khin th ta treo 8 u vo ca ma trn phm vi tr treo
ln dng ngun, vi gi tr cu tr treo l R8=4.7K.
Dng cc phm bm c 4 chn ging nh hnh v:
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Dng 1
c cu to bi 4 transitor (Fet)
Cng knh N. S nguyn l mch
c cu to nh sau (Ch v mch dng
transitor mnh ha)
i vi dng ny th c cu to bi cc
transitor cng knh N. v ch cn 2 tn hiu iu
khin kch m cc transitor
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Dng 2:
c cu to bi 2 cp
i transitor P,N hay FET
(Thun, ngc). S
nguyn l cu to ca n
c cu to nh bn :(Ti
cng dng transitor mnh
ha. i vi thit k ny
qu l thy kh l n
nh i vi in p u
vo nh khong 24V) i
vi mch cng sut ln th
cc FET cng sut ln thng ko c knh P nn ta ko dng c theo cch ny m
phi dng theo cch 1
Nguyn tc hot ng ca mch cu H.
Ch xt n nguyn l hot ng v hot ng nh th no ca mch cu H con
BJT c chn v d cn Fet th n gn tng ng nhau.
Ta hy phn tch mt dng mch cu H nh trn. Hai dng ny c nguyn l
hot ng ging nhau ch khc l linh kin cu to ln cu H nh th no v vic ng
m cc transitor hay Fet nh th no? i vi dng 1 khi dng Fet cng knh th phi
dng mch li i vi cng sut ln v in p ln. Cn dng 2 dng vi cng sut
nh vi in p u vo nh.
Ta i phn tch nguyn l hot ng ca mch dang 2 nh sau:
Mch cu H ny c iu khin bi 4 tn hiu ng m cc van l cc
tn hiu 1 v tn hiu 2( Nh trn hnh 2) v iu khin c 2 chiu (C ngha l o
chiu dng in). Xt tng ch thun v nghch
Nh chng ta bit iu kin ng m cc transitor thng l:
+ i vi knh N m th Ube > 0 v m transitor bng dng in
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ng c
Trong m phng v trong gii hn ca m hnh sn phm s dng ng c mt
chiu 12V iu khin ng m ca, hoc c th dng iu khin ng m cht,
then ci.
Ta c th s dng role thay cho ng c ht hoc y cht ca, tng ng
vi m/ kha ca.
Hnh 2.9: ng c
Thng qua mch cu H ta a hai tn hiu iu khin ng c t chn RB6,RB7
ca vi iu khin
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Khi Ngun
Bt u
QUT PHM
NHP
PHM
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KIM TRA
S LN >=3
M CA - I PASS
END
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3. Internet.
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