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Copyright V Ngc Bnh, Dy v hc Ha hc

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PHNG PHP GII NHANH BI TON T CHY
HIROCACBON

I. Mt s lu v phng php
Hirocacbon C
x
H
y
hoc C
n
H
2n +2 -2k
( n 1; k 0)
Vi k l bt bo ha (tng s lin kt v vng no)
C
x
H
y
+ ( + )
4
y
x O
2
xCO
2
+
2
y
H
2
O
Hay C
n
H
2n +2 - 2k
+
3n +1 - k
2
O
2
nCO
2
+ (n +1 k)H
2
O
Da vo sn phm ca phn ng t chy hirocacbon
+
2 2
H O CO
n n > suy ra cht l ankan C
n
H
2n +2
v
2 2
ankan H O CO
n n n =
+
2 2
H O CO
n =n suy ra cht l anken (hoc xicloankan) C
n
H
2n

+
2 2
H O CO
n <n suy ra cht l ankin (hoc ankaien) C
n
H
2n

-

2
v
2 2
ankin CO H O
n n n =
+ t chy ankylbenzen v dn xut C
n
H
2n-6
(n 6) cho:
2 2
H O CO
n <n v
2 2
ankylbenzen CO H O
1
n (n n )
3
=
Thng p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t v bo ton khi lng
BTKL: + = +
BTNT:
C H 2
C( ) C(CO )
n n
x y
= ;
C H 2
H( ) H(H O)
n n
x y
=
=> =m
C
+m
H
=12
2
CO
n +2
2
H O
n
=
2 2
CO H O
1
n n
2
+

Mt s cng thc cn nh
+Khi lng mol trung bnh:
hh
hh
m
M
n
=
+S nguyn t C =
2
CO
C H
n
n
x y

+S nguyn t
2
CO
hh
n
C
n
=
C
x
H
y
(phn ng)
m
O
2
(phn ng)
m
CO
2

m
H
2
O
m
C
x
H
y
(phn ng)
m
O
2
(p)
n

Copyright V Ngc Bnh, Dy v hc Ha hc
2
2
+
1 2
n.a +n .b
n
a +b
= trong , n
1
, n
2
l s nguyn t C ca cht 1, cht 2.
a, b l s mol ca cht 1, cht 2.

Khi s nguyn t C trung bnh bng trung bnh cng ca 2 s nguyn t C th 2 cht c
s mol bng nhau. Tc l,
1 2
n +n
n =>a =b
2
=
Thng cho sn phm chy thu c dn qua bnh (1) ng cht hp th H
2
O: P
2
O
5
,
H
2
SO
4 c
, CaCl
2 khan
, bnh (2) ng cht hp th CO
2
nh: NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)
2
,
Ba(OH)
2
,
Khi , khi lng bnh (1) tng =
2
H O
m , khi lng bnh (2) tng =
2
CO
m
Nu cho ton b sn phm chy qua dung dch Ca(OH)
2
, Ba(OH)
2
th khi lng bnh
tng =
2 2
CO H O
m +m . Khi , khi lng dung dch tng hoc gim so vi khi lng
dung dch ban u.
+Khi lng dung dch tng:
2 2
dd CO H O
m =(m +m ) m A | +
+Khi lng dung dch gim:
2 2
dd CO H O
m =m (m +m ) A + +
+Lc b kt ta, un nng li c kt ta => trong dung dch c mui hirocacbonat
0
3 2 3 2 2
M(HCO ) MCO +CO +H O
t
+


II. Mt s bi ton
Bi ton 1: Bi ton t chy cho tng loi hirocacbon
V d 1: t chy hon ton 0,15 mol hn hp 2 ankan thu c 9,45 gam H
2
O. Cho sn
phm chy vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d th khi lng kt ta thu c l
A. 37,5 B. 52,5 C. 15 D. 42,5
Suy lun:
2 2 2 2
ankan H O CO CO H O ankan
n n n n n n = =
2
CO
9,45
n 0,15 0,375 mol
18
= =
3 2
CaCO CO
n n 0,375 mol = =
3
CaCO
=>m 0,375.100 37,5 gam = = p n A.


Copyright V Ngc Bnh, Dy v hc Ha hc
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3
V d 2: t chy hon ton hn hp 2 hirrocacbon lin tip trong dy ng ng thu
c 22,4 lt CO
2
(ktc) v 25,2 gam H
2
O. Hai hirocacbon l
A. C
2
H
6
v C
3
H
8
B. C
3
H
8
v C
4
H
10

C. C
4
H
10
v C
5
H
12
D. C
5
H
12
v C
6
H
14


Suy lun:
2
H O
25,2
n 1,4 mol
18
= = ;
2
CO
n 1 mol =
2 2
H O CO
n n > =>2 cht thuc dy ankan. Gi n l s nguyn t C trung bnh.
2 2 2
n 2n 2
3n 1
C H + O nCO + (n 1)H O
2
+
+
+
Ta c:
3 6 3 8
n 1
=> n 2,5 C H C H
4 n 1
v = =
+

Hoc
2 2
ankan H O CO
n n n 1,4 1 0,4 mol = = =

2
CO
3 6 3 8
hh
n
1
n 2,5 C H C H
n 0,4
v = = =
p n A.
V d 3: t chy hon ton V lt (ktc) mt ankin th tch kh thu c CO
2
v H
2
O c
tng khi lng 25,2 gam. Nu cho sn phm chy i qua dd Ca(OH)
2
d thu c 4,5
gam kt ta.
a) V c gi tr l:
A. 6,72 lt B. 2,24 lt C. 4,48 lt D. 3,36 lt
Suy lun:
2 3
CO CaCO
45
n n 0,45 mol
100
= = =
2
H O
25,2 0,45.44
n 0,3 mol
18

= =
2 2
ankin CO H O
n n n 0,45 0,3 0,15 mol = = =
Vy V
ankin
=0,15.22,4 =3,36 lt p n D.
b) Cng thc phn t ankin l
A. C
2
H
2
B. C
3
H
4
C. C
4
H
6
D. C
5
H
8

Suy lun:
S nguyn t C =
2
CO
3 4
ankin
n
0,45
3 C H
n 0,15
= = p n B.

Copyright V Ngc Bnh, Dy v hc Ha hc
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4
V d 4: t chy hon ton mt lng hirocacbon X. Hp th ton b sn phm chy
vo dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d to ra 29,55 gam kt ta, dung dch sau phn ng c khi
lng gim 19,35 gam so vi dung dch Ba(OH)
2
ban u. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C
3
H
4
B. C
2
H
6
C. C
3
H
6
D. C
3
H
8

(Trch TTS vo cc trng i hc khi A, 2010)

Suy lun:
2 3
CO BaCO
29,55
n n 0,15 mol
197
= = =
Khi lng dung dch gim =
3 2 2
BaCO CO H O
m (m m ) 19,35 + =
=>
2
H O
m 19,35 0,15.44 29,55 3,6 gam = + =
=>
2
H O
n 0,2 mol =
2 2
H O CO
n n > =>X l ankan v
2 2
X H O CO
n n n 0,2 0,15 0,05 mol = = =
=>S nguyn t C (X) =
2
CO
X
n
3
n
= =>X l: C
3
H
8

p n D.
V d 5: Hn hp hirocacbon X v oxi c t l s mol tng ng l 1 : 10. t chy
hon ton hn hp trn thu c hn hp kh Y. Cho Y qua dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, thu
c hn hp kh Z c t khi so vi H
2
bng 19. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C
3
H
8
B. C
3
H
6
C. C
4
H
8
D. C
3
H
4

(Trch TTS vo cc trng i hc, Cao ng khi A, 2007)

Suy lun:
Chn s mol cc cht theo ng h s phn ng
2 2 2
C H + (x + )O xCO + H O
4 2
x y
y y

1 mol (x + )
4
y
mol x mol
2
y
mol
Hn hp kh Z gm: CO
2
(x mol) v O
2
d [10 - (x + )] mol
4
y



2
2
CO
O
n
1
x =10 - x - 8x +y =40
n 1 4
y
=
CO
2
44 6
O
2
32 6
38

Copyright V Ngc Bnh, Dy v hc Ha hc
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5

Ch c gi tr x =4, y =8 l tha mn =>Cng thc phn t ca X l C
4
H
8
.
p n C.
Bi ton 2: t chy hn hp hirocacbon
V d 6: t chy hon ton mt th tch kh thin nhin gm metan, etan, propan bng
oxi khng kh (trong khng kh oxi chim 20% v th tch), thu c 7,84 lt kh CO
2
(
ktc) v 9,9 gam H
2
O. Th tch khng kh (ktc) nh nht cn dng t chy hon
ton lng kh thin nhin trn l
A. 70,0 lt B. 78,4 lt C. 84,0 lt D. 56,0 lt
(Trch TTS vo cc trng Cao ng, 2007)
Suy lun:
2 2 2
O CO H O
1 7,84 1 9,9
n n n . 0,625 mol
2 22,4 2 18
= + = + =
kk
100
=>V 0,625.22,4. 70 lt
20
= = ( V oxi chim 20% th tch khng kh).
p n A.
V d 7: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm: C
3
H
8
, C
4
H
6
, C
5
H
10
v C
6
H
6
thu
c 7,92 gam CO
2
v 2,7 gam H
2
O. m c gi tr l:
A. 2,82 B. 2,67 C. 2,46 D. 2,31
Suy lun:
S phn ng:
X { C
3
H
8
, C
4
H
6
, C
5
H
10
, C
6
H
6
} 7,92g CO
2
+ 2,7g H
2
O
Theo bo ton nguyn t C v H (C v H trong X chuyn ht thnh C trong CO
2
v H
trong H
2
O) nn ta c:
X C H
7,92 2,7
m m +m .12 .2 2,46 gam
44 18
= = + =
p n C.
V d 8: Hn hp X c t khi so vi H
2
l 21,2 gm propan, propen v propin. Khi t
chy hon ton 0,1 mol X, tng khi lng ca CO
2
v H
2
O thu c l
A. 20,40 gam B. 18,60 gam C. 18,96 gam D. 16,80 gam
(Trch TTS vo cc trng i hc, Cao ng khi A, 2008)
Suy lun:
Cch 1: S dng phng php trung bnh
* Ch : Khi t chy hn hp cc cht hu c c cng s nguyn t H nhng khc s
nguyn t C v ngc li. Ta t mt cng thc chung cho c hn hp cc cht , trong
O
2
, t
0


Copyright V Ngc Bnh, Dy v hc Ha hc
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6
gi tr trung bnh l s nguyn t ca nguyn t khc nhau gia cc cht trong hn
hp (quy bi ton v 1 cht).
Cng thc phn t chung ca propan, propen v propin l
3
y
C H
M 42,4 =>36 + 42,4 => 6,4 y y = = =
0
3 6,4 2 2
C H 3CO +3,2H O
t

0,1 0,3 0,32
m =44.0,3 +18.0,32 =18,96 gam p n C.
Cch 2: S dng phng php quy i
Ta thy hn hp X ch gm 2 nguyn t C v H, ta quy 0,1mol hn hp X v 0,3 mol C (
c 3 cht u c 3 nguyn t C) v y mol H n
H
=4,24 0,3.12 =0,64 mol.
0,3 mol C 0,3 mol CO
2

0,64 mol H 0,32 mol H
2
O
=>Khi lng (CO
2
, H
2
O) =44.0,3 +18.0,32 =18,96 gam.
p n C.
Cch 3: Gi cng thc chung ca propan, propen v propin l C
3
H
y

C
3
H
y
3CO
2

0,1 mol 0,3 mol
=>n
C
=0,3 mol =>m
C
=0,3.12 =3,6 gam.
=>m
H(X)
=4,42 3,6 =0,64 gam =>
2
H H O
0,64 0,64
n 0,64 =>n 0,32 mol
1 2
= = = =
Vy khi lng (CO
2
, H
2
O) =44.0,3 +18.0,32 =18,96 gam.
V d 9: t chy hon ton 2,24 lt (ktc) hn hp kh X gm CH
4
, C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
8

v C
4
H
10
thu c 6,16 gam CO
2
v 4,14 gam H
2
O. S mol C
2
H
4
trong hn hp X l
A. 0,09 B. 0,01 C. 0,08 D. 0,02
Suy lun:
Hn hp X gm anken C
2
H
4
v cc ankan
Vi ankan,
2 2
H O CO
n n > v
2 2
ankan H O CO
n n n =
Vi anken,
2 2
H O CO
n =n

2 2
ankan H O CO
4,14 6,16
n n n = 0,09 mol
18 44
= =


anken X ankan
2,24
n n n 0,09 0,01 mol
22,4
=> = = =
p n B.
t chy hn hp ankan v anken th
2 2
H O CO
n n > ,
2 2
ankan H O CO
n n n =



Copyright V Ngc Bnh, Dy v hc Ha hc
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7
V d 10: Hn hp X gm mt ankan v mt anken. T khi ca X so vi H
2
bng 11,25.
t chy hon ton 4,48 lt X, thu c 6,72 lt CO
2
(ktc). Cng thc ca ankan v
anken ln lt l:
A. CH
4
v C
2
H
4
B. C
2
H
6
v C
2
H
4

C. CH
4
v C
3
H
6
D. CH
4
v C
4
H
8

Suy lun:
X
4,48
n 0,2 mol
22,4
= =
X
M 11,25.2 22,5 = = =>Ankan l CH
4
(V ch c hirocacbon duy nht c M < 22,5 l
CH
4
)
p dng BTKL:
H X C
6,72
m m m 22,5.0,2 .44 0,9 gam
22,4
= = =
2
H O H
1 1
n n .0,9 0,45 mol
2 2
= = =
=>
4 2 2
CH H O CO
n n n 0,45 0,3 0,15 mol = = =


=>n
anken
=0,2 0,15 =0,05 mol
Gi cng thc tng qut ca anken l C
n
H
2n
(n 2)
Ta c: 0,15 mol CH
4
0,15mol CO
2

0,15 mol C
n
H
2n
0,15n mol CO
2

=>S mol CO
2
=0,15 +0,15n =0,3 =>n =3 Anken l C
3
H
6
.
p n C.
V d 11: t chy hon ton 1 lt hn hp kh gm C
2
H
2
v hirocacbon X, sinh ra 2 lt
kh CO
2
v 2 lt hi H
2
O ( cc th tch kh v hi o cng iu kin nhit v p
sut). Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. C
2
H
6
B. C
2
H
4
C. CH
4
D. C
3
H
8

(Trch TTS vo cc trng i hc, Cao ng khi B, 2008)
Suy lun:
C
2
H
2
l ankin nn
2 2
H O CO
n <n , t chy hn hp kh cho
2 2
CO H O
V V = =>X phi l ankan.
2
CO
hh
V
2
C 2
V 1
= = = =>X c 2 nguyn t C => X l C
2
H
6
.
p n A.

Copyright V Ngc Bnh, Dy v hc Ha hc
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8
V d 12: t chy hon ton hn hp M gm mt ankan X v mt ankin Y thu c s
mol CO
2
bng s mol H
2
O. Thnh phn % v s mol ca X v Y trong hn hp M ln
lt l
A. 75% v 25% B. 20% v 80% C. 35% v 65% D. 50% v 50%
(Trch TTS vo cc trng Cao ng, 2008)
Suy lun:
2 2
ankan H O CO
n n n = ;
2 2
ankin CO H O
n n n =
Khi t chy hon ton hn hp M cho
2 2
H O CO
n =n =>n
ankan
=n
ankin

p n D.
Bi ton 3: Ta c s sau:



Theo BTNT, (C, H) trong (X) chuyn thnh (C, H) trong (Y) chuyn thnh (C, H) trong (CO
2
,
H
2
O)
=> t chy hon ton hn hp (Y) ging nh t chy hon ton (X) ban u => nn
tnh ton theo (X) s n gin hn.
Phn ng hiro ha khng lm thay i mch C, nn t chy hn hp (Y) hay (X) cho
cng s mol CO
2
.
V d 13: Chia hn hp gm C
3
H
6
, C
2
H
4
thnh 2 phn u nhau:
- t chy phn 1 thu c 2,24 lt CO
2
(ktc)
- Hiro ha phn 2 ri t chy ht sn phm th th tch CO
2
(ktc) thu c l
A. 2,24 lt B. 1,12 lt C. 3,36 lt D. 4,48 lt
p n A. D qu!
Bi ton 4: Sau khi hiro ha hon ton hirocacbon khng no ri t chy th thu
c s mol H
2
O

nhiu hn so vi khi t lc cha hiro ha. S mol nc tri hn
chnh l s mol H
2
tham gia phn ng hiro ha




Ta thy, hiu [(n +1) (n +1 k)] =k (chnh l s mol nc tri hn ca ankan do H
2
to ra)

(X)
Hirocacbon cha no
H
2

Cc hirocacbon
H
2
(c th d)
Ni, t
0
(Y)
CO
2

H
2
O
O
2
, t
0

C
n
H
2n+2-2k
+ kH
2
C
n
H
2n+2
(n +1 k) H
2
O + kH
2
O = (n +1) H
2
O
+O
2

+O
2

+O
2


Copyright V Ngc Bnh, Dy v hc Ha hc
9
9
V d 14: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol ankin c 0,2 mol H
2
O. Nu hiro ha hon ton
0,1 mol ankin ny ri t chy th s mol H
2
O

thu c l
A. 0,3 B. 0,4 C. 0,5 D. 0,6
Suy lun:
Ankin cng hp vi H
2
theo t l mol 1 : 2. Khi cng hp c 0,2 mol H
2
phn ng nn s
mol H
2
O thu c cng thm l 0,2 mol, do s mol H
2
O thu c l 0,2 +0,2 =0,4
mol p n B.

Bi ton 5: Sau khi Crackinh ankan ri em t chy hn hp hirocacbon thu c:




Theo BTNT, t chy hn hp (Y) ging nh t chy hon ton (X) ban u.
V d 15: Tin hnh Crackinh nhit cao 5,8 gam butan. Sau mt thi gian thu c
hn hp kh X gm CH
4
, C
2
H
6
, C
2
H
4
v C
4
H
10
. t chy hon ton X trong kh O
2
d,
ri dn ton b sn phm sinh ra qua bnh ng H
2
SO
4
c. tng khi lng ca bnh
ng H
2
SO
4
c l:
A. 9,0 gam B. 4,5 gam C. 18,0 gam D. 13,5 gam
Suy lun:
S phn ng: C
4
H
10
(X) H
2
O
t chy hon ton X ging nh t chy hon ton 5,8 gam butan ban u
C
4
H
10
4CO
2
+ 5H
2
O
0,1 mol 0,5 mol
tng khi lng bnh ng H
2
SO
4
c chnh l khi lng H
2
O =0,5.18 =9 gam.
p n A.








(X)
Ankan: C
n
H
2n+2
(n 3)
Anken
Anken
H
2


Crackinh

(Y)
CO
2

H
2
O
O
2
, t
0

Hoc tch H
2


Crackinh O
2
, t
0


Copyright V Ngc Bnh, Dy v hc Ha hc
10
10
III. Bi tp t luyn
Cu 1: t chy hon ton 0,01 mol hn hp hai ankan thu c 0,72 gam nc. Cho
sn phm t chy i qua bnh ng dung dch nc vi trong d th khi lng kt ta
thu c l
A. 0,3 gam B. 3,0 gam C. 0,6 gam D. 6,0 gam
Cu 2: t chy hon ton mt lng hirocacbon X cn ti thiu 7,68 gam O
2
. Ton
b sn phm chy c dn qua bnh (1) ng H
2
SO
4
c, d, sau qua bnh (2) ng
dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d. Kt thc th nghim thy bnh (1) tng 4,32 gam, bnh (2) thu
c m gam kt ta. Cng thc phn t ca X v gi tr m ln lt l
A. C
2
H
6
v 10 B. C
2
H
4
v 11 C. C
3
H
8
v 9 D. CH
4
v 12
Cu 3: Mt hn hp X gm hai hirocacbon k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. t chy
hon ton hn hp, sau dn sn phm chy qua bnh (1) ng H
2
SO
4
c, sau qua
bnh (2) ng Ba(OH)
2
d thy khi lng cc bnh tng ln lt l: 16,2 gam v 30,8
gam. Cng thc phn t ca hai hirocacbon v % v th tch l
A. C
3
H
8
: 50% v C
4
H
10
: 50% B. CH
4
: 50% v C
2
H
6
: 50%
C. C
2
H
6
: 50% v C
3
H
8
: 50% D. C
3
H
8
: 40% v C
4
H
10
: 60%
Cu 4: t chy hon ton hn hp hai hirocacbon c khi lng phn t hn km
nhau 28 vc thu c 4,48 lt CO
2
(ktc) v 5,4 gam H
2
O. Cng thc phn t ca hai
hirocacbon ln lt l
A. C
2
H
4
v C
4
H
8
B. CH
4
v C
3
H
8

C. C
2
H
6
v C
4
H
10
D. C
2
H
2
v C
4
H
6

Cu 5: t chy hon ton 7,0 mg hp cht X thu c 11,2 ml kh CO
2
(ktc) v 9,0
mg H
2
O. T khi hi ca X so vi nit bng 2,5. Khi clo ha X vi t l s mol 1 : 1 ch
thu c mt dn xut monoclo duy nht. X c tn gi l
A. metylxiclobutan B. xiclopentan
C. 1,2-imetylxiclopropan D. xiclohexan
Cu 6: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hn hp X hm propan v xiclopropan th thu c
0,35 mol H
2
O. Thnh phn % theo th tch propan trong hn hp X l
A. 50% B. 40% C. 30% D. 25%
Cu 7: t chy hon ton 6,72 lt (ktc) hn hp gm hia hirocacbon X v Y (M
X
>
M
Y
), th thu c 11,2 lt CO
2
(ktc) v 10,8 gam H
2
O. Cng thc ca X l
A. C
2
H
6
B. C
2
H
4
C. CH
4
D. C
2
H
2

(Trch TTS vo cc trng Cao ng, 2010)

Copyright V Ngc Bnh, Dy v hc Ha hc
11
11
Cu 8: Hn hp X gm hai olefin. t chy 7 th tch X cn 31 th tch O
2
(ktc). Bit
rng olefin cha nhiu cacbon hn chim 40 50 th tch ca X. Cng thc phn t hai
olefin l
A. C
2
H
4
v C
4
H
8
B. C
2
H
4
v C
3
H
6
C. C
3
H
6
v C
4
H
8
D. C
2
H
4
v C
5
H
10

Cu 9: t chy hon ton 0,15 mol hirocacbon X thu c 16,8 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v
13,5 gam H
2
O. Tng s ng phn cu to ca X l
A. 9 B. 11 C. 10 D. 5
Cu 10: t chy hon ton 6,72 lt hn hp kh X (ktc) gm hai olefin k tip nhau
trong dy ng ng, sau dn sn phm chy ln lt qua bnh (1) ng CaCl
2
khan,
d, bnh (2) ng dung dch KOH c, d. Kt thc th nghim thy khi lng bnh (2)
tng nhiu hn khi lng bnh (1) l 29,25 gam. Cng thc phn t ca hai olefin v %
khi lng ca cc cht trong hn hp ban u l
A. C
2
H
4
: 25% v C
3
H
6
: 75% B. C
3
H
6
: 20% v C
4
H
8
: 80%
C. C
4
H
8
: 67% v C
5
H
10
: 33% D. C
5
H
10
: 35% v C
6
H
12
: 65%
Cu 11: t 8,96 lt hn hp X gm hai anken ng ng k tip ri dn ton b sn
phm chy ln lt qua bnh (1) ng P
2
O
5
d, bnh (2) ng dung dch KOH d. Kt
thc th nghim thy khi lng bnh (1) tng m gam, bnh (2) tng (m + 39) gam. Thnh
phn % th tch anken c s nguyn t cacbon ln hn trong hn hp X l
A. 25% B. 40% C. 60% D. 75%
Cu 12: Mt hn hp X gm hai hirocacbon k tip nhau trong cng dy ng ng.
t chy 0,3 mol hn hp X v cho tt c sn phm chy hp th vo dung dch Ba(OH)
2

d th khi lng bnh tng thm 46,5 gam v c 147,75 gam kt ta. Cng thc phn t
ca hai hirocacbon l
A. C
2
H
2
; C
3
H
4
B. C
3
H
6
; C
4
H
8
C. C
2
H
4
; C
3
H
6
D. C
2
H
6
; C
3
H
8

Cu 13: Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, trong khi lng
phn t Z gp i khi lng phn t X. t chy 0,1 mol cht Y, sn phm kh hp th
hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d, thu c s gam kt ta l
A. 20 B. 40 C. 30 D. 10
(Trch TTS vo cc trng i hc, Cao ng khi A, 2007)
Cu 14: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp gm mt ankan v mt anken. Cho sn
phm chy ln lt i qua bnh (1) ng P
2
O
5
d v bnh (2) ng KOH rng, d, sau th
nghim thy khi lng bnh (1) tng 4,14 gam bnh (2) tng 6,16 gam. S mol ankan c
trong hn hp l
A. 0,06 mol B. 0,09 mol C. 0,03 mol D. 0,045 mol

Copyright V Ngc Bnh, Dy v hc Ha hc
12
12
Cu 15: t chy hon ton 0,11 mol hn hp X gm CH
4
, C
3
H
8
v C
2
H
4
thu c 0,17
mol CO
2
v 0,25 mol H
2
O. S mol ca hn hp anken c trong X l
A. 0,02 B. 0,09 C. 0,03 D. 0,08
Cu 16: Trn x mol hn hp X (gm C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
8
) v y mol hn hp Y (gm C
3
H
6
v
C
4
H
8
) thu c 0,35 mol hn hp X ri em t chy thu c hiu s mol H
2
O v CO
2

l 0,2 mol. Gi tr ca x v y ln lt l
A. 0,1 v 0,25 B. 0,15 v 0,2 C. 0,2 v 0,15 D. 0,25 v 0,1
Cu 17: t chy hon ton x gam hn hp X gm propan, but-2-en, axetilen thu c
47,96 gam CO
2
v 21,42 gam H
2
O. Gi tr X l
A. 15,46 B. 12,46 C. 11,52 D. 20,15
Cu 18: Dn hn hp X gm 0,05 mol C
2
H
2
; 0,1 mol C
3
H
4
v 0,1 mol H
2
qua ng cha
Ni nung nng mt thi gian, thu c hn hp Y gm 7 cht. t chy hon ton Y ri
cho sn phm chy hp th ht vo 700 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, thu c dung dch Z.
Tng khi lng cht tan trong Z l
A. 35,8 B. 45,6 C. 40,2 D. 38,2
Cu 19: t chy hon ton 2 lt hn hp gm axetilen v mt hirocacbon X, thu c
4 lt CO
2
v 4 lt hi nc (cc th tch o cng nhit , p sut). Cng thc phn t
v thnh phn % th tch ca X c trong hn hp l
A. C
2
H
6
: 50% B. C
4
H
8
: 67% C. CH
4
: 50% D. C
4
H
10
: 25%
Cu 20: t chy hon ton 0,14 mol hn hp gm C
3
H
6
, C
2
H
2
, C
3
H
4
th thu c 8,288
lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v 0,26 mol H
2
O. S mol anken c trong hn hp l
A. 0,11 B. 0,12 C. 0,04 D. 0,04
Cu 21: t chy hon ton hn hp M gm mt ankan c nhnh X v mt ankin Y thu
c kh CO
2
v hi nc vi s mol bng nhau. T khi ca hn hp M so vi hiro l
21. Cng thc ca X v Y ln lt l
A. C
4
H
10
, C
2
H
2
B. C
3
H
8
, C
3
H
4
C. C
5
H
10
. C
2
H
2
D. C
5
H
10
. C
3
H
4

Cu 22: t chy hon ton 11,2 lt gm C
3
H
6
v C
2
H
6
thu c s mol CO
2
nhiu hn
s mol nc l 0,4 mol. Phn trm (%) th tch ca mi kh trong hn hp u l

Copyright V Ngc Bnh, Dy v hc Ha hc
13
13
A. 50% v 50% B. 30% v 70% C. 70% v 30% D. 20% v 80%
Cu 23: t chy hon ton 2,24 lt hn hp X(ktc) gm C
3
H
8
, C
3
H
6
, C
3
H
4
(X c t
khi so vi H
2
bng 21), ri dn ton b sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch nc
vi trong th tng khi lng ca bnh l
A. 4,2 gam B. 5,4 gam C. 13,2 gam D. 18,6 gam
Cu 24: t chy hon ton hn hp gm mt anken v mt ankin ri cho sn phm
chy qua bnh (1) ng H
2
SO
4
c v bnh (2) ng NaOH rn, d, sau th nghim thy
khi lng bnh (1) tng thm 3,6 gam v bnh (2) tng 15,84 gam. S mol ankin c
trong hn hp l
A. 0,15 B. 0,16 C. 0,17 D. 0,18
Cu 25: t chy hon ton hn hp X gm hai hirocacbon mch h thu c 16,8 lt
kh CO
2
(ktc) v 8,1 gam H
2
O. Hai hirocacbon trong hn hp X thuc dy ng ng
no di y?
A. Ankaien B. Ankin C. aren D. ankan
Cu 26: t chy hon ton V lt (ktc) mt ankin th kh thu c CO
2
v H
2
O c tng
khi lng l 25,2 gam. Nu cho sn phm chy i qua dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d th thu
c 45 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l
A. 6,72 B. 2,24 C. 4,48 D. 3,36
Cu 27: Chia hn hp hai ankin thnh hai phn bng nhau
- Phn 1: em t chy hon ton thu c 1,76 gam CO
2
v 0,54 gam H
2
O.
- Phn 2: dn qua dung dch Br
2
d.
Khi lng Br
2
phn ng l
A. 2,8 gam B. 3,2 gam C. 6,4 gam D. 1,4 gam

Copyright V Ngc Bnh, Dy v hc Ha hc
14
14
Cu 28: Crackinh 11,6 gam C
4
H
10
thu c hn hp kh X gm 7 cht: C
4
H
8
, C
3
H
6
,
C
2
H
6
, C
2
H
4
, CH
4
, H
2
, C
4
H
10
d. t chy hon ton X cn ti thiu bao nhiu th tch
khng kh ktc? (Bit oxi chim 20% th tch khng kh)
A. 34,944 lt B. 145,60 lt C. 29,12 lt D. 174,72 lt
Cu 29: ung nng 11,6 gam butan mt thi gian, thu c hn hp H
2
, CH
4
, C
2
H
6
,
C
4
H
8
, C
3
H
6
, C
2
H
4
, C
4
H
10
. Gi s ch c cc phn ng
C
4
H
10
H
2
+ C
4
H
8
(1)
C
4
H
10
CH
4
+ C
3
H
6
(2)
C
4
H
10
C
2
H
6
+ C
2
H
4
(3)
t chy hon ton X ri cho sn phm chy hp th ht vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d, thy
khi lng bnh tng thm m gam. Gi tr ca m l
A. 35.2 B. 53,2 C. 37,4 D. 60,2
Cu 30: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hn hp X gm CH
4
, C
2
H
4
v C
2
H
6
, sn phm thu
c dn qua bnh (1) ng dung dch H
2
SO
4
c v bnh (2) ng dung dch Ca(OH)
2

d. Sau th nghim, bnh (2) thu c 15 gam kt ta v khi lng bnh (2) tng nhiu
hn khi lng bnh (1) 2,25 gam. Thnh phn % v th tch CH
4
, C
2
H
4
v C
2
H
6
trong
hn hp X tng ng l
A. 50%, 30%, 20% B. 30%, 40%, 30%
C. 50%, 25%, 25% D. 50%, 15%, 35%
p n bi tp t luyn
1B 2D 3A 4B 5B 6A 7C 8A 9C 10B
11D 12C 13C 14B 15C 16C 17A 18C 19A 20D
21A 22D 23D 24B 25B 26D 27B 28B 29B 30C

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