iu ch

I. Tng quan

Bng c s h thng s, ni tin hiu c truyn trc tip ma khng phai dich tn s cua tin hiu vi tin hiu dai c ban co nng lng ang k tai tn s thp. Tuy nhin, tin hiu dai c ban khng th truyn trn ng truyn radio hoc v tinh bi vi cn mt n-ten co ln khng tng phat c ph tn s thp cua tin hiu. Do vy, ph tn s cua tin hiu se c dich ln day tn s cao. II. iu ch : 1. ASK

iu ch ASK thc cht la vic nhn tin hiu cn truyn vi song mang. Qua trinh nay c goi la khoa dich bin . Mt iu ang chu y la ph PSD cua tin hiu sau khi c iu ch dich mt khoang la fc. Hin tng nay xay ra do c tinh cua bin i Fourier vi ham cos c biu din di dang e mu. Khi chung ta nhn tin hiu vi song mang nghia la nhn vi ham e mu. Cach tinh PSD da trn bin i Fourier nn ph PSD se bi dich mt oan fc. 2. FSK

Hinh trn a minh hoa mt cach d hiu v qua trinh iu ch FSK. Qua trinh FSK khoa dich tn s thc cht s dung hai song mang vi tn s khac nhau danh cho vic truyn cac tin hiu 0 1. Nh hinh trn, song mang co tn s f1 dung truyn bit 1, song mang co tn s f2 dung truyn bit 0. Ph PSD cua tin hiu sau khi c iu ch dich ln lt f1 va f2 cung vi ly do a giai thich i vi ASK.

3. PSK

PSK tam dich la khoa dich pha tin hiu. Nghia la, ta s dung hai song mang co cung tn s nhng khac pha iu ch tin hiu s. Goc dich pha thng la 90 i vi tin hiu 2-ary nn BPSK con goi la khoa ao pha tin hiu. Ph PSD cua PSK rt ging vi ASK vi bin i Fourier chi phu thuc vao tn s ch khng phu thuc vao pha. III. Giai iu ch : 1. Tach song ng bao : Tach song ng bao la nghia cua t detector envelope. Hay nhin hinh ve di y, mt tin hiu co dang sin (mau xanh) khi i qua b do tim ng bao thi ta se nhn c tin hiu mau o. Nguyn tc hoat ng ging nh ve mt ng vin xung quanh tin hiu i vao

Mach detector envelope :

Da vao vic kt hp ng bao va ngng quyt inh quyt inh tin hiu nhn c la 0 hay 1. 2. Tach song kt hp : Tach song kt hp nghia la vic tach song s dung kt hp thm cac thit bi cn thit, thng thng ta s dung b loc phi hp va b thu tng quan nhm tng mc chun xac khi quyt inh tin hiu la 0 hay 1 B loc phi hp : chc nng lam ty s SNR at gia tri ln nht tai thi im ly mu khi xung o co mt u vao b loc B thu tng quan : tin hiu vao khac tin hiu tham chiu mt lng nhiu. u ra cua b tng quan se at cc ai tai im cui cua xung vao, tc sau chu ky T. Do o, nu thi im ly mu chinh xac thi dn n SNR ti u

3. Giai iu ch ASK, PSK, FSK ASK (hinh 7.5) co th c giai iu ch kt hp ( ng b ) hoc khng kt hp (tach song ng bao). B tach song kt hp oi hoi nhiu thit bi phc tap va nhng thao tac cao cp, c bit khi nng lng tin hiu thp (SNR thp). Vi SNR cao hn, trng hp thng gp trong thc t, b tach song ng bao thc hin tt nh b tach song kt hp. Theo o, s tach song kt hp khng s dung cho ASK vi no lam mt i tinh n gian cn thit phai co. Trong PSK (tin hiu la tin hiu cc), tin hiu khng th c giai iu ch bng tach song ng bao vi ng bao la tng t nhau vi ca 1 va 0. Nhng ta vn co th dung 1 phng phap kheo leo la DPSK, nghia la ma hoa tin hiu bng ma hoa sai phn trc khi iu ch.

Vi giai iu ch, chung ta s dung tin hiu nhn c c lam tr . Nu tin hiu nhn c ging vi xung trc no, ta co , va u ra b loc thng thp , ngay lp tc nhn c c xung 1. Nu xung nhn c khac cc vi xung trc no thi va va bit c tim thy la 0. FSK co th c xem nh 2 ASK an xen vao nhau vi tn s ln lt la va , Bi vy, FSK co th c tach song kt hp hoc khng kt hp.

Trong tach song khng kt hp, tin hiu n c a vao 2 b loc va , sau o c tip vao b tach hinh bao, tip theo c ly mu va so sanh. Gia s 0 c truyn bng xung co tn s , xung se xut hin tai u ra b loc . Va tt nhin u ra cua b loc kia la khng co gi. Khi so sanh thi mu cua u ra b loc ln hn nn tin hiu nhn c se la 0. Tng t, qua trinh cua tach song kt hp c biu din nh hinh ve trn.