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Bai giang:
LY THUET TN HIEU
9/7/2009 Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky
Chng1: Mot so khai niem c ban. Chng 2: Tn hieu xac nh. Chng 3: Phan tch tn hieu trong mien tan so. Chng 4: Truyen tn hieu qua mach tuyen tnh. Chng 5: Tn hieu ieu che.
9/7/2009 Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky
LY THUYET TN HIEU
I.Tn hieu. II.Phan loai tn hieu. III.Bieu dien giai tch tn hieu.
9/7/2009
I.Tn hieu:
Nguon tin Bien oi tin tc Tn hieu May phat(ieu che)
Kenh truyen
May thu (Giai ieu che)
9/7/2009
I.
Tn hieu:
Tn hieu la bieu dien vat ly cua tin tc ma ta can chuyen t nguon tin en ni nhan tin.
1. nh ngha:
II. Phan loai tn hieu: 1. Phan loai theo qua trnh bien thien. 2. Phan loai da tren nang lng cua tn hieu. 3. Phan loai da tren hnh thai tn hieu. 4. Phan loai theo tan so tn hieu.
9/7/2009 Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky
1.
II.
Phan loai theo qua trnh bien thien: Tn hieu xac nh: Qua trnh bien thien hoan toan xac nh va co the bieu dien bang mot ham toan hoc. Tn hieu ngau nhien:Qua trnh bien thien khong c biet trc muon bieu dien phai tien hanh khao sat, thong ke.
V du: x(t) =cos 2t.
9/7/2009
2.
Phan loai da tren nang lng cua tn hieu: Tn hieu nang lng: La tn hieu co nang lng hu han. Nang lng mot tn hieu x(t) :
+
Ex =
9/7/2009
x 2 (t ) d t
2.
x (t ) = e 2 t 1 (t )
e
0
4t
dt =
1 4t e 4
1 ; 4
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10
Chng 1: Mot so khai niem c ban (tt) II.Phan loai tn hieu (tt):
2.Phan loai da tren nang lng cua tn hieu (tt): V du 2.2:
(t ) =
x
t 1 (t x
2
( t )d t
t
0
dt = ;
9/7/2009
11
Chng 1: Mot so khai niem c ban (tt) II.Phan loai tn hieu (tt):
2.Phan loai da tren nang lng cua tn hieu (tt):
1 P = lim x 2 (t )dt T T t0
1 Px = lim T 2T
T
(t )dt
9/7/2009
12
x x(t ) 2
Px = lim
= lim
f(t)=2(1-e-t)1(t)
= lim
9/7/2009
13
Px = lim
A2 = lim T 2T
14
Phan loai tn hieu (tt): Phan loai da tren nang lng cua tn hieu (tt): Chu y:
Tn hieu nang lng: thi han hu han, khi t th x(t) 0; Tn hieu cong suat :tn hieu tuan hoan, khi t th x(t) constant (hang so).
V du 2.4:
x(t) A
t x(t ) A
t
Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky
0
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15
x(t) A
t1
t2 t t
16
3.
Phan loai da tren hnh thai cua tn hieu: Tn hieu lien tuc : Thi gian va bien o lien tuc.
x(t)
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17
Tn hieu lng t : Thi gian lien tuc nhng bien o khong lien tuc.
x(t)
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18
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19
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20
Chng 1: Mot so khai niem c ban (tt) II. 4. Phan loai tn hieu (tt): Phan loai theo tan so tn hieu :
Pho cua tn hieu x(t) la bien oi Fourier thuan cua tn hieu x(t).
Tn hieu tan so thap. Tn hieu tan so cao. Tn hieu dai hep (bang thong hep). Tn hieu dai rong (bang thong rong).
9/7/2009
21
Chng 1: Mot so khai niem c ban (tt) III. Bieu dien giai tch tn hieu :
Co hai dang bieu dien tn hieu: Bieu dien lien tuc tn hieu. Bieu dien ri rac tn hieu.
1.
X ( ) =
Bien oi nghch:
x (t ) e
j t
dt
d
1 x(t ) = 2
X ( )e
jt
22
Chng 1: Mot so khai niem c ban (tt) III. 1. Bieu dien giai tch tn hieu (tt): Bieu dien lien tuc tn hieu (tt):
Bien oi Laplace: Bien oi thuan:
X (s) =
x ( t ) e st d t
Bien oi ngc:
x(t ) =
X ( s )e
st
ds
(Toan ky thuat 1)
9/7/2009 Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky
23
a0 =
1 T
T ( t0 + T )
0( t0 )
x(t )dt ; an =
2 T
T ( t0 + T )
0( t0 )
2 T
T ( t0 + T )
0( t0 )
ky cua tn hieu. Neu x(t) khong phai la tn hieu tuan hoan th T la oan yeu cau.
9/7/2009 Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky
24
Chng 1: Mot so khai niem c ban (tt) III.Bieu dien giai tch tn hieu (tt): 2.Bieu dien ri rac tn hieu (tt): Chuoi Fourier (Chuoi phc)
x (t ) =
n =
X n e jn0 t ; 0 =
2 ; T
1 Xn = T
9/7/2009
T ( t0 +T ) 0( t0 )
x (t )e jn0t dt;
Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky
25
III. Bieu dien giai tch tn hieu (tt): 2. Bieu dien ri rac tn hieu (tt): Chuoi Fourier (Chuoi phc) (tt)
Chu y: Neu x(t) la tn hieu tuan hoan th T la chu ky cua tn hieu. Neu x(t) khong phai la tn hieu tuan hoan th T la oan can xet.
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26
-T/2
T/2
T t
Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky
27
2/2T
A sin ( n 0 t ) d t = 0
oan can xet la [-T,T] = 2T
x ( t ) sin ( n 0 t ) d t =
x(t)
1 T
T /2
T / 2
T cong thc
A -T -T/2 0 T/2 T t
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28
a0 =
1 1 x (t )dt = T0 2T
T
x (t )dt =
1 2T
T/2
T /2
T / 2
Adt =
A ; 2
T
2 2 an = x (t ) cos(n 0 t )dt = T0 2T
29
Bieu dien giai tch tn hieu (tt): Bieu dien ri rac tn hieu (tt):
V du 2.1(tt):
1 1 X n = x (t )e jn0 t dt = T0 2T
T / 2
A.e
jn 0 t
A 1 jn0t dt = e 2T jn 0
T/2
T / 2
9/7/2009
30
Bai tap:
1. Tm pho (Bien oi Fourier) cac tn hieu sau: a) xa(t) = e-t1(t). b) xb(t) = e-|t|. T T t 1: < t < 2 c) xc(t)= ( T ) = 2
0 :
xc(t)
1 -T/2
9/7/2009
T/2
t
Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky
31
-1
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32
j e 2 : 0 0 ; X a ( ) = e j 2 : 0; 0
X b ( ) = (
b) Xb():
1: 0 < < 0 ; )= 20 0 :;
Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky
9/7/2009
33
Chng 1: Mot so khai niem c ban (tt) Bai tap (tt): 3. Khai trien thanh chuoi lng giac thc va chuoi phc Fourier cua tn hieu x(t) sau:
x(t) A 0 T/2 t
-3T
-2T
-T/2
2T
3T 7T/2
9/7/2009