TCVN

VIETNAM STAndard

TCVN 5738:2001
The First Examination

automatic fire alarm system technical requirements

Hanoi 2001
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Foreword
TCVN 5738 : 2001 takes the place of TCVN 5738 : 1993 TCVN 6223 : 1996 compiled by Technical Committee of TCVN/TC 21 Fire Protection and Fighting Standard and Fire Department, submitted by Directorate for Standards, Metrology and Quality (STAMEQ), approved by Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment.

VIETNAM STANDARD

TCVN 5738:2001
The first Examination

Automatic Fire Alarm System Technical Requirement

1. Scope.
1.1 This standard is applied for automatic fire alarm systems equiped in manufactories, enterprises, stores, places of working, hospitals, schools, theatres, hotels, markets, trade centers, barracks of armed force and other works with danger of fire and explode, etc. This standard is not applied for the works designed according to special requirement.

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2. Normative references
TCVN 2103:1994 PVC plastic sheathed electric wire. TCVN 4756:1986 Norms of ground connection and space connection for electrical equipments. TCVN 6612:2000 (IEC 228:1978) Conductor of insulated cables.

3. Terms and definition

3.1 Automatic fire alarm system: the system discovers and informs the place of fire automatically. 3.1.1 Conventional fire alarm system: automatic fire alarm system has no function for informing the address of each fire detector. 3.1.2 Addressable fire alarm system: automatic fire alarm system has function for informing the address of each fire detector. 3.1.3 Intelligent fire alarm system: except for conventional fire alarm function and addressable fire alarm function, automatic fire alarm system can measure some fire parameters at the area of installing fire detector such as temperature, smoke concentration or/and change impact threshold of fire detector automatically in accordance with requirement of designer and installation person. 3.2 Automatic fire detector: Automatic devices are sensitive to phenomenon accompanied with fire (temperature increasing, smoking spreading, photogenic) and transmits suitable signal to fire alarm control panel. 3.2.1 Heat detector: Automatic devices is sensitive to temperature increase of environment where install detector.

3.2.1.1 Fixed temperature heat detector: Heat detector impact when temperature at the position installed fire detector reach to the previous definite value. 3.2.1.2 Rate-of-rise heat detector: Heat detector impact when temperature at the position installed fire detector has increasing speed till the definite value. 3.2.1.3 Line -type heat detector: Heat detector has line-type or small-pipe structure. 3.2.2 Smoke detector: Automatic fire detector is sensitive to the impact of smoke created by rigid grain or liquid produced from burning process and/or the process of disintegrated-by-temperature. 3.2.2.1 Ionization smoke detector: Smoke detector is sensitive to the products of burning process with ability impact on ionization line inside fire detector. 3.2.2.2 Photoelectric smoke detector: Smoke detector is sensitive to the products of burning process with ability impact on radiation absorption or dispersion in infrared area and/or ultraviolet area of electromagnetic spectrum. 3.2.2.3 Optical smoke detector: same as Item 3.2.2.2. 3.2.2.4 Projected beam-type smoke detector: Smoke detector includes of two parts are head of projecting light ray and head of receiving light ray, shall impact when appear smoke at the middle of projecting head and receiving head. 3.2.3 Flame detector: Automatic fire detector is sensitive to radiation of flame. 3.2.4 Automatic Testing Function Detector ATF: Fire detector has function of automatic function for its feature to transmit to Fire alarm control panel. 3.2.5 Combine detector: Automatic fire detector is sensitive to at least two phenomena follow the fire. 3.3 Manual call point: the device does initial fire alarm by manual. 3.4 Electrical power supply: the device supplies electric power for fire alarm system. 3.5 Conjunctive devices: Including of spare parts, cables system and signal wires, parts making conjunctive line among devices of fire alarm system. 3.6 Fire alarm control panel: the device supplies energy for automatic fire detectors and performs the following functions: - receive signal from automatic fire detector and deliver fire alarm signal, instruct place appearing fire. - can transmit fire alarm signal through signal transmission device to place of receiving fire information or/and to automatic fire prevention and fighting equipments. - checking normal working of system, instructing troubles of system such as wire break-down, short circuit - can control other peripheral equipments operation automatically.

4. General requirements
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4.1 Designing, installation of automatic fire alarm system must follow requirements and regulations of current related standards, norms and must be approved by competent of fire prevention and fighting organ. 4.2 Automatic fire alarm system must meet following requirements: - Detecting the fire quickly according to proposed functions; - Changing fire detecting signal into clear alarm signal for surrounding persons to be able to perform suitable methods immediately. - Can resist disturbance well. - Notifying quickly and clearly all troubles of the system. - Not effected by other systems installed together or separately. - Not be cut down one part or the whole by fire before detecting the fire. 4.3 Automatic fire alarm system must ensure reliability. The system must perform completely proposed functions but no mistake. 4.4 Outside impacts cause troubles for one part of system cannot cause next troubles in system. 4.5 Automatic fire alarm system including of basic parts: - Fire alarm control panel; - Automatic fire detector; - Manual call point; - Conjunctive devices; - Electrical power supply; Depend on requirements of fire alarm system, there are any other parts such as fire alarm signal transmission device, checking device of automatic fire prevention and fighting equipments.

5. Technical requirements for Fire Alarm Control Panel

5.1 Automatic fire alarm control panel must have function of automatic checking the signal from channels brings back to eliminate wrong fire alarm signals. Permit using automatic fire alarm control panels without function of automatic signal testing in case of using fire detectors with function of automatic signal testing. Not permit using panels without fire alarm function to be automatic fire alarm control panel. 5.2 Must set fire alarm control panel at places where there is always someone be on duty during the whole day and night. In case of without any person to be on duty, fire alarm control panel must have function of transmission signals fire and its troubles to fire watch place or place with someone be on duty during whole day and night and must have method to prevent non-duty person contact with fire alarm control panel. Place setting fire alarm control panel must have telephone to contact directly to fire fighting team or place receiving fire alarm information. 5.3 Fire alarm control panel must be installed on the wall, partition, table at the undangerous place of burning and exploding. 5.4 If fire alarm control panel is installed on building components of inflammable material, these components must be protected by metal s heet of 1mm and over width or other non-flammable materials of 10mm and over width. In this case, protecting sheet must have a size so that each side of the sheet exceeds the side of panel at least 100mm at every directions. 5.5 The distance of fire alarm control panel and the ceiling made by inflammable material cannot be smaller than 1.0m. 5.6 In case installing side-by-side, the distance between fire alarm control panel cannot be smaller than 50mm. 5.7 If fire alarm control panel is installed on the wall, column of house or machine shelf, the distance from control part of fire alarm control panel to the floor is 0.8m to 1.8m. 5.8 Temperature and humidity at fire alarm control panel must meet technical requirement and user manual of fire alarm control panel. 5.9 Sound signal of fire alarm and trouble alarm must be different. 5.10 When install automatic fire detectors with fire alarm control panel must pay attention to suitability of system (supplying voltage for fire detector, kind of fire alarm signal, method of detecting trouble, line checking part).

6. Technical requirements for automatic fire detector

6.1 Automatic fire detectors must ensure to detect fire according to designed function and specification in Table 1. Selection of automatic fire detector must base on property of inflammable substance, feature of protecting environment and pursuant to feature of place setting equipment, refer to Annex A. Table 1 Specification Impact time Flame detector Not bigger than 5 seconds Impact threshold Opaque level caused by Ceiling flame of smoke *: 15mm height apart From 5 to 20%/m for from fire detector conventional smoke detector 3m. From 20 to 70% on distance between delivering head and receiving head of projected beam-type smoke detector Atmosphere Not bigger than Not bigger than 98% Not bigger than humidity at place 98% 98% of setting fire detector Working From -100 C to From -100 C to +500 C From -100 C to temperature 1700 C +500 C Protecting area From 15m2 to Bigger than 50m2 to 100m2 Pyramid with angle 50m2 ** 1200 , height from 3m to 7m. Note: * Impact threshold of smoke detector is counted by opaque level caused by smoke per one distance of giving in advanced. ** Protecting area of projected beam-type smoke detector is area limited by distance between delivering head and receiving head (from 5 to 100m) and width at two side along to projecting ray (15m): from 75 to 1500m2 . 6.2 Fire detector must have indicating lamp when impact. In case automatic fire detector has no indicating lamp when impact, the support of automatic fire detector must have replaced alarm lamp. Heat detector Not bigger than 120 seconds From 400 C to 1700 C Temperature increasing over 50 C/minute Smoke detector Not bigger than 30 seconds

For wireless fire detector (wireless fire detector and site fire detector), except for indicating lamp when impacted, there must be indicating lamp about statement of electric power supply. 6.3 Number of automatic fire detector need to have to install in one protecting area depend on necessary level to find out fire on the whole area of that zone and must ensure economic, technical requirement. If automatic fire alarm system is used for controlling automatic fire fighting system, each point in protecting area must be controlled by two automatic fire detectors of two different channels. In case the house has suspending ceiling and between ceiling layers with installing technical system, electric cables, signal cables, must further install fire detector at the above ceiling. 6.4 Smoke detectors and heat detectors are installed on the ceiling or roof of the house. In case cannot install on ceiling or roof of the house, permit installing on the beam and column or hanging by string under the ceiling but fire detectors must be apart not over 0.3m from the ceiling including of size of automatic fire detector. 6.5 Smoke detectors and heat detectors must be installed in each compartment of the ceiling limited by building components protruding down (girder, beam, panel side) is bigger than 0.4m. In case the ceiling with protruding down parts from 0.08m to 0.4m, installation of automatic fire detector is regarded as the ceiling without above protruding parts but protecting area of one automatic fire detector decreases 25%. In case the ceiling with protruding down parts over 0 .4m and width over 0.75m, must further install fire detector at those protruding parts. 6.6 In case stack of raw material, shelves, equipments and building components have highest point apart smaller or equal to 0.6m from the ceiling, automatic fire detector must be installed above those positions. 6.7 Number of automatic fire detectors hang on one channel of fire alarm system depend on technical property of fire alarm control panel but protecting area of each channel cannot bigger than 2000m2 for open protecting area and 500m2 for hermetic area. Automatic fire detectors must be used according to their technical requirements, standards and technical file with counting to environment condition of place need to protect. Note: Open protecting area is the place appears fire, can see smoke, firelight, such as stores, producing workshop, meeting-hall

Hermetic protecting area is the place appear fire, cannot see smoke, firelight, such as cables trench, imitation ceiling, closed rooms 6.8 In case fire alarm control panel without address indicating function of each automatic fire detector, automatic fire detector hang on one channel permit control up to 20 rooms or areas on the same floor with shared corridor exit but outside of each room must have indicated lamp about impact of any fire detector installed in those rooms, simultaneously must ensure requirement of article 6.7. In case rooms have glass door or glass wall with shared corridor that from the corridor we can see room inside through the glass wall or glass door, permit not install indicated lamp in that room. 6.9 The distance from fire detector to outside edge of blowing orifice of ventilation system or conditioner system cannot be smaller than 0.5m. Not permit to put fire detector directly front of the above blowing orifice. 6.10 In case at a protecting area it is installed many kinds of fire detectors, the distance between detectors must ensure so that each position in that area are both protected by at least one detector. In case a protecting area it is installed combine detector, the distance between detectors are specified according to property of main inflammable substance of that area. 6.11 For protecting area with danger of exploding, must use fire detector with explode resist ability. In the area with high humidity and/or lot of dust, must use fire detector with humidity resist and/or dust resist ability. In the area with many insects, must use fire detector with ability that insects cannot penetrate into fire detector or there must be any method not to let insect penetrate into fire detector. 6.12 Smoke detector 6.12.1 Protecting area of one smoke detector, max distance between smoke detectors and between smoke detector and wall must specify according to Table 2, but cannot be bigger than value in technical requirement and technical file of smoke detector.

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Table 2 Height of installing fire detector, m Below 3.5 From 3.5 to 6 Bigger than 6.0 to 10 Bigger than 10 to 12 Protecting area of one fire detector, m2 smaller than 100 smaller than 80 smaller than 65 smaller than 55 Maximum distance, m Between From fire detector detectors to the wall 10 5.0 8.5 4.0 8.0 4.0 7.5 3.5

6.12.2 In rooms with width below 3m, allowable distance between smoke detector is 15m. 6.12.3 Ionization smoke detector cannot install at the places with maximum wind speed bigger than 10m/s. 6.12.4 Optical smoke detector cannot install at the places where inflammable substance mainly cause into black smoke when burning. 6.12.5 For projected beam-type smoke detector, maximum distance between straight line connect delivering head and receiving head of two pairs cannot be bigger than 14m and distance to the wall or other fire detector cannot be over 7m. Between delivering head and receiving head of projected beam-type smoke detector there is not any interceptor for projected ray. 6.13 Heat detector 6.13.1 Protecting area of one heat detector, maximum distance between heat detectors and between heat detector and the wall need to determined according to Table 3 but cannot be bigger than the values in technical conditions and technical file of heat detector. Table 3 Height of installing fire detector, m Below 3.5 From 3.5 to 6 Bigger than 6.0 to9.10 Protecting area of one fire detector, m2 smaller than 50 smaller than 25 smaller than 20 Maximum distance, m Between From fire detector detectors to the wall 7.0 3.5 5.0 2.5 4.5 2.0

6.13.2 Impact threshold of heat detector must be bigger than maximum allowable temperature in the room 200 C. 6.14 Flame detector

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6.14.1 Flame detectors in the rooms or area must be installed on the ceiling, the wall and other building component or installed directly on equipment need to protect. 6.14.2 Designing and laying flame detector must ensure so that protected area meet the condition in Table 1 and the values in technical conditions and technical file of flame detector.

7. Technical requirements for Manual call point

7.1 Manual call point is installed inside and outside of the house and the engineering, installed on the wall and building component at the height 0.8m to 1.5m counting from floor or ground surface. 7.2 Manual call point must be installed on emergency exits, on rest step of stair at the position that is easy to see. If necessary, it can be installed in each room. The distance between manual call points is not over 50m. 7.3 If manual call point is installed outside of the building, the maximum distance between manual call points is 150m and must have clear notation. Manual call point installed outside the building must be kind of water-proof or must have method of resisting rain come in. The place of setting manual call point must be illuminated continuously. 7.4 Manual call points can be installed according to particular channel of fire alarm control panel of shared on one channel with fire detector.

8. Technical requirements for conjunctive devices

8.1 Choosing conducting wires and cables for circuits of automatic fire alarm system according to TCVN 2103:1994 and TCVN 5397:1991, technical requirement of the standard and technical documents for each kind of detailed equipment. 8.2 Signal cable of automatic fire alarm system must hide inside the wall and ceiling and must have protecting method of short circuit or break down resistant for conductive wire (pass through metal pipe or other protecting pipe). In case put protruding, must have method that not let mouse bite or other mechanical reasons damaging cable. The holes through ceiling and wall must be covered by nonflammable material after finish the work. 8.3 Signal circuits of automatic fire alarm system must be checked automatically about technical situation along the whole length of signal circuit. 8.4 Fire alarm signal circuits must use independent conductive wires and copper conductor cables. Permit to use telecommunication cable of copper conductor of combined telecom network but must separate communication channel. 8.5 Copper conductor of each signal conductive wire from automatic fire detectors to main cable line must be not smaller than 0.75mm2 (equivalent to copper coil with
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diameter 1mm). Permit to use many conductive wires twisting but total section area of the twisted copper conductors cannot smaller than 0.4mm2 . Permit to use many conductive wires in one same layer of sheathed protecting but copper conductor diameter of each conductive wire cannot smaller than 0.4mm. Total resistance of each communication channel of fire alarm cannot be bigger than 100 but cannot bigger than required value for each kind of fire alarm control panel. 8.6 Control cables of peripheral equipment, signal conductive wires connect fire detectors in automatic fire fighting system are high heat-resistant (fire-proof cables). Permit to use peripheral equipment controlling cables but must have method prevent heat impact at least within 30munites. 8.7 Not permit to install electrical circuit of automatic fire alarm system together with voltage circuit over 60V in the same pipe line, the same box, the same bunch, the hermetic slot of building component. Permit to install the above circuits when there is longitudinal partition of inflammable material with fire-resistant limit of not below 15mimutes between them. 8.8 In case of uncovered parallel connection, the distance between conductive wires of illuminated electric line and power with cable of fire alarm system cannot be smaller than 0.5m. If this distance smaller than 0.5m must have method of electromagnetic disturbance resistant. 8.9 In case there is disturbance generator in the work or for addressable fire alarm system, have to use conductive wires and cables of disturbance resistant. If use conductive wires and cables of disturbance non-resistant, it is imperative to pass them through pipe or metal box with ground connection. For conventional fire alarm system, encourage to use conductive wires and cables of disturbance resistance or disturbance non-resistant but must to pass them through pipe or metal box with ground connection. 8.10 Number of connection heads of terminal box and number of conductive wires of main axis cable must prepare 20%.

9. Technical requirements for electric power supply and ground connection

9.1 Center of fire alarm system has two independent electric power supplies. One is 220V AC supply and one is spared battery. Oscillating value of potential of alternating current supply for fire alarm control panel cannot over 10%. In case this oscillating value is over 10%, must use voltage stabilizer before supply for fire alarm control panel.

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Capacity of spared battery must ensure at least 12 hours for equipment operated at permanent mode and one hour when occur fire. 9.2 Fire alarm control panel must be ground connection and protected. Ground connecting protection must meet requirement of TCVN 4756:1989.

10. Testing, take-over, preservation, maintenance

10.1 Equipments of fire alarm system must be tested about quality, kind before installing. After finish installation, automatic fire alarm system must be tested, taken-over by competent office before putting into operation. 10.2 After putting into operation, automatic fire alarm system must be checked at least one time every year. When checking, must test the whole functions of system and must test operation of all of fire alarm equipments. When equipment occurs break-down, must repair immediately. Depend on environment condition at the place install fire alarm system but at least one time each two year must carry out maintenance the whole system. When perform maintenance must check sensitivity of all of fire detectors. The fire detector is not meet requirement of sensitivity must be replaced.

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TCVN 5738: 2001

Annex A
(Reference)
No. Feature of equipped unit A. Producing unit I. Producing and preserving unit Heat detector or optical smoke Wood and wood products, textile products, detector ready-made clothes, leather shoes, feather products, tobacco, paper, cellulose, cotton. Heat detector or ionization Synthetic plastics, synthetic fibre, polymer smoke detector material, rubber, rubber product, man-made rubber, flammable films and X-ray films. Heat detector or flame detector - Liquid oil, paint, solvent, flammable liquid, lubricant, strongly active chemical substance, wine and wine products. Flame detector - Alkali metal, metal powder, nature rubber Heat detector - Cereals powder, synthetic food and other food, dust spreading materials. II. Producing unit Heat detector or flame detector Paper, carton sheet, cardboard, food for poultry and fowls. III. Preserving unit Heat detector or smoke Non-flammable material contained in detector flammable package, flammable solid. B. Specialized engineering Heat detector of ionization - Room for putting cables wire, room for putting smoke detector transformer, distribution and electric panel. Ionization smoke detector - Computer room, electronic control equipments, control machine, automatic telephone station, broadcasting booth, wire terminal rooms, circuit transverse. Heat detector or flame detector - Room for putting equipments and pipe for liquid, lubricating oil, rooms for testing internal combustion engine, room for testing fuel machine, room for loading flammable air. Heat detector or ionization - Car maintenance workshop smoke detector Fire detector

1a

1b

3 4

7 8

10

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TCVN 5738: 2001

C. Building and public engineering Photoelectric smoke detector - Performing room, exercising room, lecture hall, reading-room and seminar room, room for actor/actress, make-up room, clothes room, repairing place, waiting room, greenroom, corridor, book preservation room, archives room. Heat detector or photoelectric - Props store, administrative room, machine smoke detector room, control room. Heat detector Accommodation room, patient room, commodities store, public refactory, cook house. Photoelectric smoke detector - Showroom, room for archives object of or flame detector museum, exhibition. Note In some cases there are many different fire sign at the beginning stage, when installing automatic fire detector need to be determined according to economic and technical condition.

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