DY IN HA CA KIM LOI

I KHI NIM V CP OXI HA KH CA KIM LOI

Dng oxi ha v dng kh ca cng mt nguyn t kim loi to nn cp oxi ha kh. Mt cp oxi ha kh c biu din di dng oxi ha/kh (Mn+/M). V d: Cu2+ v Cu to thnh mt cp oxi ha kh Cu2+/Cu II PIN IN HA 1. Khi nim v pin in ha, sut in ng v th in cc a) Cu to pin in ha: Hai cc thy tinh, mt cc cha 50 ml dung dch CuSO4 1M, cc kia cha 50 ml dung dch ZnSO4 1M. Nhng mt l Cu vo dung dch CuSO4, mt l Zn vo dung dch ZnSO4. Ni hai dung dch bng mt hnh ch U ng dung dch Na2SO4 (hoc KNO3). ng ny c gi l cu mui. Thit b ni trn c gi l pin in ha v khi ni hai l kim loi bng mt dy dn s o c mt dng in i t l Cu (in cc +) n l Zn (in cc ) b) Sut in ng v th in cc: - S xut hin dng in i t cc Cu sang cc Zn chng t rng c s chnh lch in th gia hai in cc ni trn, tc l trn mi in cc xut hin mt th in cc nht nh - Sut in ng ca pin (E) l hiu ca th in cc dng (E(+)) v in cc m (E(-)). in cc dng l in cc c th ln hn v sut in ng ca pin lun l s dng E = E(+) E(-) - Sut in ng chun ca pin (Eo) l sut in ng khi nng ion kim loi in cc u bng 1M ( 25oC) Eo = Eo(+) Eo(-) hoc Eo = Eocatot Eoanot - V d Eo = EoCu2+/Cu EoZn2+/Zn gi l sut in ng chun ca pin in ha Zn Cu a) Quan st th nghim: Chun b sn pin in ha Zn Cu, ni hai in cc Zn v Cu bng mt dy dn, trn dy c mc ni tip mt vn k: - Xut hin dng in mt chiu t l Cu (cc +) sang l Zn (cc ) nhng chiu di chuyn ca dng electron mch ngoi th ngc li, t l Zn (cc ) sang l Cu (cc +). Sut in ng ca pin o c l 1,10 V - in cc Zn b n mn dn - C mt lp kim loi ng bm trn in cc Cu - Mu xanh ca cc ng dung dch CuSO4 b nht dn

2. C ch pht sinh dng in trong

pin in ha b) Gii thch hin tng ca th nghim: - in cc Zn b oxi ha: Zn Zn2+ + 2e (s mt electron xy ra trn b mt l Zn v l Zn tr thnh ngun electron nn ng vai tr cc m, cc electron theo dy dn n cc Cu). Do vy cc Zn b n mn - Trong cc ng dung dch CuSO4, cc ion Cu2+ di chuyn n l Cu, ti y chng b kh thnh Cu kim loi bm trn cc ng: Cu2+ + 2e Cu. Nng Cu2+ trong dung dch gim dn, khin cho mu xanh trong dung dch nht dn - Trong qu trnh hot ng ca pin in ha Zn Cu, nng ion Zn2+ trong cc ng dung dch ZnSO4 tng dn, nng ion Cu2+ trong cc kia gim dn. n mt lc no , dng electron trong dy dn khng cn, dng in t ngt - duy tr c dng in trong qu trnh hot ng ca pin in ha, ngi ta dng cu mui. Vai tr ca cu mui l trung ha in tch ca 2 dung dch: cc ion dng Na+ hoc K+ v Zn2+ di chuyn qua cu mui n cc ng dung dch CuSO4. Ngc li , cc ion m SO42- hoc NO3- di chuyn qua cu mui n dung dch ZnSO4 - mch ngoi (dy dn), dng electron i t cc Zn sang cc Cu cn dng in i t cc Cu sang cc Zn. V th in cc Zn c gi l anot (ni xy ra s oxi ha), in cc Cu c gi l catot (ni xy ra s kh). Vy trong pin in ha, anot l cc m cn catot l cc dng - Phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng xy ra trong pin in ha Zn Cu: quy tc

Cu2+ + Zn Zn2+ + Cu c) Kt lun:

- C s bin i nng ca cc ion Cu2+ v Zn2+ trong qu trnh hot ng ca pin - Nng lng ca phn ng oxi ha kh trong pin in ha sinh ra dng in mt chiu - Nhng yu t nh hng n sut in ng ca pin in ha nh: nhit , nng ca ion kim loi, bn cht ca kim loi lm in cc

III TH IN CC CHUN CA KIM LOI

1. in cc hiro chun c th so snh th in cc gia hai cp oxi ha kh, iu cn thit trc ht l th in cc ca chng phi c so snh vi mt tiu ch no . C ngha l ta phi chn cp oxi ha kh quy chiu v quy c n c th in cc bng 0. Cp quy chiu c chn l cp oxi ha kh 2H+/H2 Cu to ca in cc hiro chun: gm mt thanh platin (Pt) c t trong mt dung dch axit c nng ion H+ l 1M (pH = 0). B mt in cc hp th khi hiro, c thi lin tc vo dung dch di p sut 1 atm. Nh vy trn b mt in cc hiro xy ra cn bng oxi ha kh ca cp oxi ha kh 2H+/H2

Quy c rng: th in cc ca in cc hiro chun bng 0,00 V mi nhit , tc l: Eo2H+/H = 0,00 V 2. Th in cc chun ca kim loi Ta dng th in cc hiro chun Eo2H+/H2 xc nh th in cc chun cho cc cp oxi ha kh khc. Bng cch ni cp oxi ha kh Mn+/M n+ chun (cation M c nng 1M, nhit 25oC) vi cp 2H+/H2 chun. Th in cc chun ca kim loi cn o c chp nhn bng sut in ng ca pin to bi in cc hiro chun v in cc chun ca kim loi cn o. C 2 trng hp xy ra vi gi tr ca th in cc chun: - Th in cc chun ca cp Mn+/M l s dng nu kh nng oxi ha ca ion Mn+ trong na pin Mn+/M l mnh hn ion H+ trong na pin 2H+/H2 - Th in cc chun ca cp Mn+/M l s m nu kh nng oxi ha ca ion Mn+ trong na pin Mn+/M l yu hn ion H+ trong na pin 2H+/H2 V d: Th in cc chun ca cc cp kim loi: EoZn2+/Zn = 0,76 V ; EoAg+/Ag = + 0,80 V

IV DY TH IN CC CHUN CA KIM LOI

Dy th in cc chun ca kim loi l dy sp xp cc kim loi theo th t tng dn th in cc chun

Dy th in cc chun ca kim loi cn c gi l dy th oxi ha kh chun ca kim loi, hoc dy th kh chun ca kim loi. Ty thuc vo mc ch s dng, ngi ta dng tn dy sao cho ph hp

V NGHA CA DY TH IN CC CHUN CA KIM LOI 1. So snh tnh oxi ha kh

Trong dung mi nc, th in cc chun ca kim loi EoMn+/M cng ln th tnh oxi ha ca cation Mn+ cng mnh v tnh kh ca kim loi M cng yu v ngc li

2. Xc nh chiu ca phn ng oxi ha kh

Xc nh chiu ca phn ng oxi ha kh cng l s tm hiu v phn ng trong iu kin t nhin c xy ra hay khng. C mt s phng php xc nh chiu ca phn ng oxi ha kh: a) Phng php 1 (phng php nh tnh): - Kim loi ca cp oxi ha kh c th in cc chun nh hn kh c cation kim loi ca cp oxi ha kh c th in cc chun ln hn (ni cch khc, cation kim loi trong cp oxi ha kh c th in cc chun ln hn c th oxi ha c kim loi trong cp c th in cc chun nh hn) - V d: ion Pb2+ c oxi ha c Zn hay khng trong phn ng: Pb2+(dd) + Zn(r) Pb(r) + Zn2+(dd) Nu phn ng ha hc trn xy ra gia 2 cp oxi ha kh Pb2+/Pb v Zn2+/Zn, ta vit cc cp oxi ha kh trn theo trnh t: cp no c gi tr Eo ln hn bn phi, cp no c gi tr Eo nh hn bn tri. Ta c:

Theo quy tc : ion Pb2+ oxi ha c Zn, sn phm l nhng cht oxi ha (Zn2+) v cht kh (Pb) yu hn. Phn ng trn c xy ra - Kim loi trong cp oxi ha kh c th in cc chun m kh c ion hiro ca dung dch axit (ni cch khc, cation H+ trong cp 2H+/H2 c th oxi ha c kim loi trong cp oxi ha kh c th in cc chun m)

b) Phng php 2 (phng php nh lng): Quay li v d ion Pb2+ c oxi ha c Zn hay khng trong phn ng: Pb2+(dd) + Zn(r) Pb(r) + Zn2+ (dd). Phn ng ha hc trn c to nn t hai na phn ng: - Na phn ng oxi ha: Zn Zn2+ + 2e, ta c EoZn2+/Zn = -0,76 V - Na phn ng kh: Pb2+ + 2e Pb, ta c EoPb2+/Pb = -0,13 V Th oxi ha kh ca c phn ng (Eop) c tnh theo cng thc: Eop = EoPb2+/Pb EoZn2+/Zn = -0,13 ( 0,76) = +0,63 V Eo ca phn ng oxi ha kh l s dng (Eop > 0), kt lun l phn ng trn c xy ra

3. Xc nh sut in ng chun ca pin in ha

Eopin = Eo(+) Eo(-) V d: sut in ng chun ca pin in ha Zn Cu l: Eopin = EoCu2+/Cu EoZn2+/Zn = 0,34 (0,76) = 1,10 V 4. Xc nh th in cc chun ca cp oxi ha kh V d: Bit sut in ng chun ca pin in ha Zn Ag l 1,56 V v th in cc chun ca cp oxi ha kh Ag+/Ag l +0,80 V. Hy xc nh th in cc chun ca cp Zn2+/Zn Ta c Eopin = EoAg+/Ag EoZn2+/Zn EoZn2+/Zn= EoAg+/Ag Eopin = +0,80 1,56 = 0,76 V

IN PHN
I KHI NIM S in phn l qu trnh oxi ha kh xy ra b mt cc in cc khi c dng in mt chiu i qua cht in li nng chy hoc dung dch cht in li - S in phn l qu trnh s dng in nng to ra s bin i ha hc - Trong qu trnh in phn, di tc dng ca in trng cc cation chy v cc m (catot) cn cc anion chy v in cc dng (anot), ti xy ra phn ng trn cc in cc (s phng in) - Ti catot xy ra qu trnh kh cation (Mn+ + ne M) cn ti anot xy ra qu trnh oxi ha anion (Xn- X + ne) - Ngi ta phn bit: in phn cht in li nng chy, in phn dung dch cht in li trong nc, in phn dng in cc dng tan II S IN PHN CC CHT IN LI

1. in phn cht in li nng chy Trong thc t, ngi ta thng tin hnh in phn nhng hp cht (mui, baz, oxit) nng chy ca cc kim loi c tnh kh mnh nh Li, Na, K, Ba, Ca, Mg, Al V d 1: in phn NaCl nng chy c th biu din bng s : Catot ( ) 2| Na+ + e Na NaCl Anot ( + ) 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e

Phng trnh in phn l: 2NaCl 2Na + Cl2 Cn c mng ngn khng cho Cl2 tc dng tr li vi Na trng thi nng chy lm gim hiu sut ca qu trnh in phn. Mt s cht ph gia nh NaF, KCl gip lm gim nhit nng chy ca h V d 2: in phn NaOH nng chy c th biu din bng s : Catot ( ) 4| Na+ + 1e Na Phng trnh in phn l: 4NaOH NaOH Anot ( + ) 4OH- O2 + 2H2O + 4e

4Na + O2 + 2H2O

V d 3: in phn Al2O3 nng chy pha thm criolit (Na3AlF6) c th biu din bng s : Catot ( ) 4| Al3+ + 3e Al Phng trnh in phn l: 2Al2O3 Al2O3 Anot ( + ) 3| 2O2- O2 + 4e

4Al + 3O2 Criolit (Na3AlF6) c vai tr quan trng nht l lm gim nhit nng chy ca Al2O3 t 2050oC xung khong 900oC, ngoi ra n cn lm tng dn in ca h v to lp ngn cch gia cc sn phm in phn v mi trng ngoi. Anot lm bng than ch th in cc b n mn dn do chng chy trong oxi mi sinh: C + O2 + O2 2CO CO2 v 2C

2. in phn dung dch cht in li trong nc Trong s in phn dung dch, ngoi cc ion do cht in li phn li ra cn c cc ion H+ v OH- ca nc. Do vic xc nh sn phm ca s in phn phc tp hn. Ty thuc vo tnh kh v tnh oxi ha ca cc ion c trong bnh in phn m ta thu c nhng sn phm khc nhau. V d khi in phn dung dch NaCl, cc ion Na+, H+(H2O) chy v catot cn cc ion Cl-, OH-(H2O) chy v anod. Ion no trong s chng s phng in cc in cc.

C s gii quyt vn ny l da vo cc gi tr th oxi ha kh ca cc cp. Trong qu trnh in phn, trn catot din ra s kh. V vy khi c nhiu dng oxi ha th trc ht dng oxi ha ca cp c th ln hn s b kh trc. Ngc li trn anot s din ra s oxi ha dng kh ca cp c th oxi ha kh nh nht trc. a) Kh nng phng in ca cc cation catot: catot c th xy ra cc qu trnh kh sau y: - Mn+ + ne M - 2H+(axit) + 2e H2 - Hoc ion hiro ca nc b kh: 2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OHDng oxi ha ca nhng cp c th cng ln cng d b kh. Theo dy th oxi ha kh th kh nng b kh ca cc ion kim loi nh sau: - Cc cation t Zn2+ n cui dy Hg2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Ag+d b kh nht v th t tng dn - T Al3+ n cc ion u dy Na+, Ca2+, K+khng b kh trong dung dch - Cc ion H+ ca axit d b kh hn cc ion H+ ca nc b) Kh nng phng in ca cc anion anot: anot xy ra qu trnh oxi ha cc anion gc axit nh Cl-, S2-hoc ion OH- ca baz kim hoc nc - 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e - 4OH- O2 + 2H2O + 4e - Hoc ion OH- ca nc b oxi ha: 2H2O O2 + 4H+ + 4e Dng kh ca nhng cp c th oxi ha kh cng nh cng d b oxi ha. Theo dy th oxi ha kh th kh nng b oxi ha ca cc anion nh sau: - Cc anion gc axit khng cha oxi d b oxi ha nht theo th t: RCOO- < Cl- < Br- < I- < S2- - Cc anion gc axit nh NO3-, SO42-, PO43-, CO32-, ClO4-khng b oxi ha - Ring cc ion OH- ca kim hoc ca nc kh b oxi ha hn cc ion S2-, I-, Br-, Cl- - Nu khi in phn khng dng cc anot tr nh graphit, platin (Pt) m dng cc kim loi nh Ni, Cu, Agth cc kim loi ny d b oxi ha hn cc anion v th oxi ha kh ca chng thp hn, v do chng tan vo dung dch (anot tan) c) Mt s v d: - in phn dung dch CuCl2 vi anot tr c th biu din bng s : Catot ( ) Cu + 2e Cu
2+

CuCl2

Anot ( + ) 2ClCl2 + 2e

Phng trnh in phn l: CuCl2 Cu + Cl2 - in phn dung dch K2SO4 vi anot tr c th biu din bng s : Catot () K2SO4 + H2O, K (H2O) 2| 2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OHAnot (+) H2O, SO422H2O O2 + 4H+ + 4e

Phng trnh in phn l: 2H2O 2H2 + O2 - in phn dung dch NaCl bo ha vi in cc tr c mng ngn c th biu din bng s :

Catot ( ) NaCl H2O, Na+ (H2O) 2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OHPhng trnh in phn l: 2NaCl + 2H2O Nu khng c mng ngn th: Cl2 + 2NaOH

Anot ( + ) Cl-, H2O 2ClCl2 + 2e

2NaOH + H2 + Cl2 NaCl + NaClO + H2O nn phng trnh in phn

l: NaCl + H2O NaClO + H2 - in phn dung dch NiSO4 vi anot tr c th biu din bng s : Catot ( ) Ni2+, H2O 2+ 2| Ni + 2e Ni NiSO4 (H2O) Anot ( + ) H2O, SO422H2O O2 + 4H+ + 4e

Phng trnh in phn l: 2NiSO4 + 2H2O 2Ni + 2H2SO4 + O2 - in phn dung dch NiSO4 vi anot bng Cu c th biu din bng s : Catot ( ) Ni2+, H2O Ni2+ + 2e Ni NiSO4 (H2O) Cu ( + ) H2O, SO42Cu Cu2+ + 2e

Phng trnh in phn l: NiSO4 + Cu CuSO4 + Ni - in phn dung dch CuSO4 vi anot bng Cu (nh hnh v sau y): catot ( ): Cu2+(dd) + 2e Cu lm gim nng ion Cu2+ bn nhnh tri ca ng ch U anot ( + ): Cu(r) Cu2+(dd) + 2e lm tng nng ion Cu2+ bn nhnh tri ca ng ch U v anot dn dn b ha tan Phng trnh in phn l: Cu(r) + Cu2+(dd) Cu2+(dd) + Cu(r) - in phn dung dch hn hp cha FeCl3, CuCl2 v HCl vi anot tr c th biu din bng s : Catot ( ) FeCl3, CuCl2, HCl Fe3+, Cu2+, H+ 2| Fe3+ + 1e Fe2+ Cu2+ + 2e Cu + 2H + 2e H2 Fe2+ + 2e Fe Qu trnh in phn ln lt xy ra cc in cc l: 2FeCl3 CuCl2 2HCl FeCl2 2FeCl2 + Cl2 Cu + Cl2 H2 + Cl2 Fe + Cl2 Anot ( + ) 2ClCl2 + 2e

III NH LUT FARADAY

Khi lng cht gii phng mi in cc t l vi in lng i qua dung dch v ng lng ca cht

m=
Trong : - m: khi lng cht gii phng in cc (gam) - A: khi lng mol nguyn t ca cht thu c in cc - n: s electron m nguyn t hoc ion cho hoc nhn - I: cng dng in (A) - t: thi gian in phn (s) - F: hng s Faraday l in tch ca 1 mol electron hay in lng cn thit 1 mol electron chuyn di trong mch catot hoc anot (F = 1,602.10-19.6,022.1023 96500 C.mol-1) : ng lng gam ha hc ne = (ne l s mol electron trao i in cc)

Biu thc lin h: Q = I.t = 96500.ne

V d: in phn 100 ml dung dch NaCl vi in cc tr c mng ngn vi cng dng in I = 1,93A. Dung dch thu c sau khi in phn c pH = 12. Bit th tch dung dch khng i, clo khng ha tan trong nc v hiu sut in phn 100%. Thi gian tin hnh in phn l: A. 50 s B. 60 s C. 100 s D. 200 s Gii: pH = 12 [OH-] = 10-2 nOH- = 10-3 M H2 + 2OHne = 10-3 mol t= = =

Ti catot () xy ra phn ng: 2H2O + 2e 50 s hoc mH2 = 10-3 gam t=

= 50 s

p n A

IV - NG DNG CA IN PHN S in phn c nhiu ng dng trong cng nghip 1. iu ch cc kim loi (xem bi iu ch cc kim loi) 2. iu ch mt s phi kim nh H2, O2, F2, Cl2 3. iu ch mt s hp cht nh NaOH, H2O2, nc Gia ven 4. Tinh ch mt s kim loi nh Cu, Pb, Zn. Fe. Ag, Au 5. M in in phn vi anot tan cng c dng trong m in, nhm bo v kim loi khi b n mn v to v p cho vt m. Anot l kim loi dng m (nh hnh v l vng) cn catot l vt cn m (ci tha). Lp m thng rt mng, c dy t 5.10-5 1.10-3 cm

BI TP P DNG
Cu 1 . Nhng kt lun no sau y khng ng: T dy in ho ca kim loi 1. KL cng v pha bn tri th cng hot ng(cng d b oxi ha),cc ion ca kim loi c tnh oxi ha cng yu(cng kh b kh ) 2. KL bn tri dy c KL bn phi(ng sau) ra khi dd mui. 3. KL khng tc dng vi nc y c kim loi bn phi (ng sau ) ra khi dd mui. 4. KL ng trc H2 y c hidro ra khi dd axit khng c tnh oxi ho ca nguyn t trung tm. 5. Ch nhng KL u dy mi y c hidro ra khi nc. A. 1. Cu 2. Cho 3 pt ion: a) Cu2+ + Fe b) Cu + 2Fe3+ c) Fe2+ + Mg Nhn xt no sau y ng? A. Tnh kh ca : Mg > Fe > Fe2+ > Cu. C. Tnh oxi ho ca : Cu2+ > Fe3+ > Fe2+ > Mg2+. > Mg2+. Cu 3.T pt ion rt gn : Cu + 2Ag+ l sai: A. Cu2+ c tnh oxi ho mnh hn Ag+. C. Ag+ c tnh oxi ho mnh hn Cu2+. B. Tnh kh ca Mg > Fe2+ > Cu > Fe. D. Tnh oxi ho ca Fe3+ > Cu2+ > Fe2+ Cu2+ + 2Ag. Hy cho bit kt lun no sau y B. Cu c tnh kh mnh hn Ag. D. Cu b oxi ho bi Ag+. Cu + Fe2+. 2Fe2+. B. 2. C. 3, 4. D. 4, 5.

Cu2+ +

Mg2+ + Fe.

Cu 4. Cho mt t bt Fe vo dd AgNO3 d, sau khi kt thc th nghim thu c dd A gm A. Fe(NO3)2. B. Fe(NO3)2, AgNO3. Fe(NO3)3, Fe(NO3)2, AgNO3. C.Fe(NO3)3, AgNO3 d. D.

Cu 5. Cho mt l st vo dd cha mt mui trong nhng mui sau: ZnCl2, CuSO4, Pb(NO3)2, NaNO3, Mgl2, AgNO3.

S trng hp xy ra phn ng l? A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 6.

Cu 6.Trong dy in ho ca kim loi v tr mt s cp oxi ho kh c sp xp nh sau: Al3+/Al, Fe2+/Fe, Ni2+/Ni, Cu2+/Cu, Fe3+/ Fe, Ag+/Ag, Hg2+/Hg. Trong s cc kim loi Al, Fe, Ni, Ag, Cu, Hg kim loi tc dng c vi dd mui st (III) l kim loi no? A. Al, Fe, Ni, Hg. B. Al, Fe, Cu, Hg. C. Al, Fe, Ni, Cu. D. Kq khc

Cu 7. Chn cu tr li ng nht: A. Fe c th kh Cu2+ thnh Cu v Fe l cht kh, Cu2+ l cht oxi ho. B. Cc cation kim loi kim v kim th c tnh oxi ho rt yu nn ta phi dng catot ca bnh in phn kh chng trng thi dd. C. V tu thu bng thp rt d b n mn in ho nn phi ng v tu bng Zn chng n mn in ho. D. dy in th ca kim loi c xp theo chiu gim ca tnh kh ca cc kim loi. E. Dy in th ca kim loi c xp theo chiu gim tnh oxi ho ca ion kim loi. Cu 8. Thu ngn rt c v d bay hi.Nu khng may nhit k thu ngn b v th cht no sau y c th dng kh c thu ngn l? A. bt Fe. B. Bt lu hunh. C. Nc. D. natri.

Cu 9. Bt Cu c ln Pb v Zn. Dng ho cht no sau y c th loi b c tp cht? A. dd Cu(NO3)2 d. u sai. B. dd Pb(NO3)2 d. C. ZnSO4 d. D. Tt c

Cu10.dd FeSO4 c ln tp cht CuSO4. Cht no sau y c th loi b c tp cht: A. Bt Fe d, lc. B. Bt Al d, lc. C. Bt Cu d, lc. D. Tt c sai.

Cu 11.Cho 1 tm mng bng st vo dd cha 1 trong cc mui sau y: AlCl3 (1), CuSO4 (2), Pb(NO3)2 (3), ZnCl2 (4), NaNO3 (5), AgNO3 (6). Trng hp xy ra phn ng ho hc l: A. 1, 2. B. 4, 5, 6. C. 2, 3. D. 1, 2, 5. E. 2, 3,6.

Cu 12. Kim loi sau y tc dng vi dd Pb(NO3)2 long v dd HNO3 long to 2 mui khc nhau? A. Cu. B. Al. C. Ba. D. Fe.

Cu 13.Cc cp cht di y trng hp no c xy ra phn ng ? A. Cu v dd HCl. Fe(NO3)3. B. Zn v dd Pb(NO3)2. C. Fe v dd MgCl2. D. Ag v dd

Cu 14.Nhng kim loi no phn ng c vi nc nhit thng ? A. K, Na, Mg, Ag. C. Fe, Pb, Zn, Hg. Cu 15. Fe khng tan trong dd no? A. dd HCl. H2SO4 long. B. dd Fe2(SO4)3 C. dd FeSO4. D. dd B. Li, Ca, Ba, Cu. D. K, Na, Ca, Ba.

Cu 16. Tnh cht c trng ca kim loi l tnh kh v? A. Nguyn t kim loi thng c 5, 6, 7e lp ngoi cng B. Nguyn t kim loi c nng lng ion ha nh C. Kim loi c xu hng nhn thm e t cu trc bn D. Nguyn t kim loi c m in ln. Cu 17. Cho cc cht sau: Fe, Mg, Cu, AgNO3, CuCl2. S cp cht tc dng vi nhau l? A. 5. B. 6. C. 7. D. 8

Cu 18. Cho bn kim loi: Al, Fe, Pb, Cu v bn dd mui: Pb(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2, MgCl2, AgNO3. Kim loi no tc dng c vi c bn cht trn? A. Khng kim loi no. B. Al. C. Pb. D. Fe

Cu 19. Cho bn dd sau: ZnCl2, AgNO3, CuSO4, FeCl2. Kim loi no tc dng c vi c bn dd trn? A. Al. B. Ni. C. Ag. D. Zn

Cu 20. tch kim loi Ag ra khi hh bt gm ba kim loi Ag, Fe, Cu m khng lm thay i khi lng ca Ag c th dng ha cht no sau y? A. dd HCl. B. dd CuCl2 C. dd AgNO3. D. dd FeCl3

Cu 21. C 5 mu kim loi: Ba, Mg, Fe, Ag, Al. Nu ch dng dd H2SO4 long( khng dng thm bt c cht no khc, k c qu tm, nc nguyn cht) c th nhn bit c nhng kim loi no? D. Ba, Mg, Fe, Al A. C 5 kim loi. B. Ag, Fe. C. Ba, Al, Ag.

Cu 22. Tnh cht ha hc chung ca kim loi l? A. D b kh. C. D b oxi ha. B. C tnh oxi ha D. D nhn cc e to thnh cc ion

Cu 23. Cho cc dy kim loi sau, dy no c sp xp theo chiu tng dn ca tnh kh? A. Sn, Al, Zn, Mg, Ca. C. Fe, Al, Zn, Ca, Mg. B. Al, Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg D. Fe, Zn, Al, Mg, Ca

Cu 24. Cho mt mu ng vo dd AgNO3 d, thu c dd X. Nhng thanh st vo dd X cho ti khi phn ng xy ra ht. Ly thanh st ra thu c dd Y. dd Y gm? A. Fe(NO3)3. B. Fe(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2 C. Fe(NO3)2. D. AgNO3 v Fe(NO3)2 Cu 25. Cho mt t bt Cu vo dd Fe(NO3)3 ly d n khi phn ng kt thc thu c dd X. Thm dd AgNO3 d vo dd X, khu u cc phn ng xy ra ht, c dd Y. Cc mui trong dd X l? A. AgNO3, Cu(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)2. C. AgNO3, Cu(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)2 v Fe(NO3)3. B. AgNO3, Cu(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3 D. Cu(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)2 v Fe(NO3)3

Cu 26. Khi loi no sau y tc dng vi dd Pb(NO3)2 long v dd HNO3 long to thnh hai mui khc nhau? A. Cu. B. Al. C. Ba. D. Fe

Cu 27. Cho cc cp oxi ha kh sau: Sn4+/Sn2+, Cu2+/Cu, Fe3+/Fe2+. Cho bit tnh oxi ha tng dn theo th t : Sn4+ < Cu2+ < Fe3+, tnh kh gim dn theo th t Sn2+ > Cu > Fe3+. D on cc phng trnh sau u c xy ra khng? 1. Cu + FeCl3, 2. SnCl2 + FeCl3 A. 1 khng, 2 c phn ng. C. C 1, 2 u phn ng. B. 1 c, 2 khng phn ng D. C 1, 2 u khng phn ng

Cu 28. Al v Fe u khng tan trong dd no di y? A. HCl long. B. Fe2(SO4)3. C. FeSO4. D. H2SO4 c ngui

Cu 29. Cho mu Na vo dd CuSO4 . Tm pht biu ng chi th nghim trn? A. PTP xy ra Na + CuSO4 Na2SO4 + Cu. C. C kh H2 thot ra v c kt ta mu xanh trong ng nghim B. Kim loi mu xut hin, dd nht mu dn, ng thi c mt lng kh nh thot ra. D. C A v B u ng Cu 30. Cho K vo dd FeCl2 . Hin tng no sau y ng? A. Fe b y ra khi mui . B. C kh thot ra ng thi c kt ta nu C. C kh thot ra ng thi xut hin kt ta trng, sau ha nu D. C A v B u ng Cu 31. Cho Mg vo cc dd AlCl3, NaCl, FeCl2, CuCl2. C bao nhiu dd cho phn ng c vi Mg? A. 4. B. 3. C2. D. 1

Cu 32. Cho Ag vo dd CuSO4 thy Ag khng tan. Tm li gii thch ng?

A. Ag c tnh kh yu hn Cu nn khng oxi ha c Cu2+ thnh Cu B. Ag+ c tnh oxi ha mnh hn Cu2+ nn Ag+ kh Cu thnh Cu2+ C. Cu c tnh kh yu hn Ag nn Ag khng kh Cu2+ thnh Cu D. Cu2+ c tnh oxi ha yu hn Ag+ nn khng oxi ha c Ag thnh Ag+ Cu 33. Cho hh l, Fe, Cu vo dd CuSO4 d cht rn thu c sau phn ng l? A. Fe. B. Al. C. Cu. D. Al v Cu

Cy 34. Cho cc dd X1: dd HCl, dd X2 : dd KNO3, dd X3 : dd HCl v KNO3, dd X4 : dd Fe2(SO4)3. dd no c th ha tan oc Cu? A. X1, X2, X4. B. X3, X4. C. C2, X3. D. X4

Cu 35. Cho cc kim loi Ag, Mg, Zn vo dd CuCl2. Sau phn ng thu c hh 3 kim loi. l? A. Zn, Mg, Cu. B. Zn, Mg, Ag C. Mg, Ag, Cu. D. Zn, Ag, Cu

Cu 36. : Hai kim loi X, Y v cc dd mui clorua ca chng c cc phn ng ho hc sau: X + 2YCl3 XCl2 + 2YCl2 v Y + XCl2 YCl2 + X. pht biu ng l A. ion Y2+ c tnh oxi ho mnh hn ion X2+ C. kim loi X c tnh kh mnh hn kim loi Y B. kim loi X kh c ion Y2+ D. ion Y3+ c tnh oxi ho mnh hn ion X2+.

Cu 37. Cho cc dd: (1) HCl; (2) KNO3; (3) HCl + KNO3; (4) Fe2(SO4)3.Hi Cu b ho tan trong cc dd no ? A. 1,2 B. 2,3 C. 3,4 D. 1,4

Cu 38. Cho cc cht: (1)Fe(NO3)2; (2)Cu(NO3)2; (3) Fe(NO3)3; (4)AgNO3; (5)Fe; . Nhng cp cht td vi nhau l A. 1,2; 2,4; 3,5; 4,5 B. 1,2; 2,3; 4,5 C. 1,4; 2,5; 3,5; 4,5 D. 2,4; 3,4; 3,5; 4,5

Cu 39. Hh X gm Al, Fe2O3, Cu c s mol bng nhau. Hh X ho tan hon ton trong dd no? A. HCl B NaOH C. AgNO3 D. NH3

Cu 40. : Khi nhng mt thanh ng vo dd Fe2(SO4)3 th A. khng thy c hin tng g. C. thy thanh Cu tan ra v dd c mu xanh. to thnh B. thy thanh ng tan ra v c st to thnh. D. Thy thanh Cu tan ra, dd c mu xanh v c st

Cu 41.Cho hai thanh kim loi M ho tr 2 vi khi lng bng nhau. Nhng thanh 1 vo dd CuSO4 v thanh 2 vo dd Pb(NO3)2 mt thi gian, thy khi lng thanh 1 gim v khi lng thanh 2 tng. Kim loi M l A. Mg. B. Ni. C. Fe. D. Zn

Cu 42. Cho hh gm Fe v Pb tc dng ht vi dd Cu(NO 3)2 th thy trong qu trnh phn ng, khi lng cht rn A. tng dn. C. Mi u tng, sau gim. B. Gim dn. D. Mi u gim, sau tng.

Cu 43. Cho a mol bt km vo dung dch c ha tan b mol Fe(NO3)3. Tm iu kin lin h gia a v b sau khi kt thc phn ng khng c kim loi ? A. b 2a B. b = 2a/3 C. a 2b D. b > 3a

Bi Tp C 1. Mt Kim lai Tc Dng Vi Mt dd Mui Dng Tng Gim Khi Lng n Gin Cu 1: Nhng mt thanh km c khi lng 20 g vo dd Cu(NO3)2 mt thii gian thy khi lng thanh km gim 1% so vi khi lng ban u. Khi lng km tham gia phn ng l? A. 0,2 gam. B. 6,5 gam. C. 13,0 gam. D. 0,1 gam. Cu 2. Ho tan ht mt lng Zn trong dd AgNO3 d thy khi lng cht rn tng 3,02 gam so vi khi lng km ban u. Cng ly lng Zn nh trn cho tc dng ht vi oxi th thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l. A. 1,1325. B. 1,6200. C. 0,8100. D. 0,7185

Cu 3.Nhng mt thanh st vo dd Cu(NO3)2 mt thi gian thy khi lng thanh st tng 0,8 gam. Khi lng st tham gia phn ng l ? A. 11,2 gam. B. 5,6 gam. C. 0,7 gam. D. 6,4 gam. Cu 4. Nhng 1 thanh Fe vo dd D cha CuSO4 vHCl mt thi gian thu c 4,48 lt kh H2 (ktc) th nhc thanh Fe ra, thy khi lng thanh Fe gim i 6,4 gam so vi ban u. Khi lng Fe tham gia phn ng l: A. 11,2 gam. B. 16,8 gam. C. 44,8 gam. D. 50,4 gam. Cu 5. Nhng mt thanh st vo dd CuSO4 n khi dd ht mu xanh thy khi lng thanh st tng 0,4 gam. Nu ly dd thu c cho tc dng vi dd NaOH d th thy c m gam kt ta to thnh. Gi tr ca m l: A. 5,35. B. 9,00. C. 10,70. D. 4,50. Cu 6: Ngm 1 vt bng ng c khi lng 15g trong 250g dd AgNO3 4%. Khi ly vt ra th lng AgNO3 trong dd gim 17%. Kh lng vt sau phn ng l? Cu 7: Cho 1 l km ( ly d) sch vo dd Cu(NO3)2, phn ng xy ra ht, thy khi lng l km gim i 0,01g. Khi lng mui CuNO3)2 c trong dd ban u l?:( cho Cu=64, Zn=65, N=14, O=16). Cu 8. Cho 2,24 gam bt st vo mt cc c cha 400 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,225 M. Khuy u phn ng xy ra ht, thu c m gam cht rn khng tan. Tr s ca m l ? Cu 9. Ha tan ht 6,16 gam Fe vo 300 ml dd AgNO3 c nng C (mol/l). Sau khi phn ng xong, thu c hai mui st c khi lng l 24,76 gam. Tr s ca C l? Cu 10. Cho 2,24 gam bt st vo 100 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,9M. Khuy u phn ng xy ra hon ton. Dung dch sau phn ng c nhng cht tan no khi lng bao nhiu?

Cu 11.Cho 7,8 gam bt kim loi km ha tan trong 100 ml dd Fe2(SO4)3 1M. Khuy u phn ng xy ra ht, lc dd sau phn ng thu c m gam cht rn. Tr s ca m l ? Cu 12. Cho 0,01 mol Fe vo 50 ml dd AgNO31M. Khi phn ng xy ra ht th khi lng Ag thu c l bao nhiu? Dd thu c c mui no nng l bao nhiu? Cu 13. Ha tan 0,784 gam bt st trong 100 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,3M. Khuy u phn ng xy ra ht thu c 100 ml dung dch A. Nng mol/l cht tan trong dung dch A l ? Cu 14. Cho 19,5 gam bt kim loi km vo 250 ml dd Fe2(SO4)3 0,5M. Khuy u phn ng xy ra ht. Khi lng cht rn thu c sau phn ng l? Cu 15. Cho 5,608 gam hn hp A hai cht rn dng bt gm ng kim loi v mui Fe(NO3)3 vo mt cc thy tinh. Rt nc vo cc v khuy u phn ng xy ra hon ton. Sau phn ng, thy trong cc cn li 0,128 gam cht rn khng tan. Khi lng mi cht c trong 5,608 gam hn hp A l: A. 0,768g Cu; 4,84g Fe(NO3)3 B. 1,28g Cu; 4,328g Fe(NO3)3 C. 0,078g Cu; 5,53g Fe(NO3)3 D. 0,96g Cu; 4,648g Fe(NO3)3 Dng Tm Kim Loi Cu 1.Cho mt inh st lung d vo 20 ml dung dch mui nitrat kim loi X c nng 0,1M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, tt c kim loi X to ra bm ht vo inh st cn d, thu c dung dch D. Khi lng dung dch D gim 0,16 gam so vi dung dch nitrat X lc u. Kim loi X l: A. ng (Cu) = 200; Ni = 59) B. Thy ngn (Hg) C. Niken (Ni) D. Mt kim loi khc (Cu = 64; Hg

Cu 2. Nhng mt ming kim loi X vo 200 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M, sau khi kt thc phn ng, khi lng ming kim loi c khi lng tng 15,2 gam. Cho bit tt c kim loi bc to ra u bm vo ming loi X. Kim loi X l: A. ng B. St C. Km D. Nhm

Cu 3. Cho mt thanh kim loi M vo dung dch Cu(NO3)2. Sau khi ly thanh kim loi ra khi dung dch (c kim loi Cu bm vo). Cn li dung dch thy khi lng dung dch tng so vi trc khi phn ng. M khng th l: A. Pb B. Fe C. Zn D. A v C

Cu 4. Nhng mt mt ming kim loi M lng d vo 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 1,5M. Sau khi phn ng kt thc, kim loi Cu to ra bm ht vo ming kim loi M. em cn li thy khi lng dung dch gim 13,8 gam so vi trc khi phn ng. M l kim loi no? Cu 5. X l mt kim loi. Ngm ming kim loi X vo 100 ml dung dch CuSO4 1,2M. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, ming kim loi c khi lng tng 0,96 gam. X l? 3 Cu 6. Y l mt kim loi. Nhng thanh kim loi Y vo 100 cm dung dch CuCl2 3 M. Sau khi kt thc phn ng, thy khi lng thanh Y gim 0,3 gam. Y l kim loi no ?

Cu 7.Nhng mt thanh kim loi M (ho tr 2) c khi lng 20 gam vo dd AgNO 3 mt thi gian thy khi lng thanh M tng 15,1% so vi khi lng ban u. Nu ly lng M bng lng M tham gia phan ng trn tc dng ht vi dd HCl th thu c 0,448 lt kh H2 (ktc). Kim loi M l A. Mg. B. Ni. C. Pb. D. Zn.

Cu 8. Nhng mt ming kim loi M vo dung dch CuSO4, sau mt lc em cn li, thy ming loi c khi lng ln hn so vi trc khi phn ng. Cho bit kim loi b y ra khi mui bm ht vo ming kim loi cn d. M khng th l: a) Fe b) Zn c) Ni d) Al

Dng : Bi Ton S Dng Bo Ton E, Kim Loi Trung Gian Cu 1. Cho hh gm 0,1 mol Mg v 0,2 mol Al tc dng vi dd CuCl2 d ri ly cht rn thu c sau phn ng cho tc dng vi dd HNO3 c.Hi s mol kh NO2 that ra l bao nhiu? A.0,8 mol B. 0,3 mol C. 0,6 mol D. 0,2 mol

Cu 2. Cho 11,6g hh X gm Mg, Al v Zn tc dng ht vi dd AgNO3 thy khi lng cht rn tng 64,0 gam. Nu cho 11,6 gam X tc dng ht vi oxi th thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l A. 17,20. B. 14,40. C. 22,80. D. 16,34.

Cu 3. Cho 10,7 gam hh X gm Mg, Al v Fe tc dng ht vi dd HCl thu c 7,84 lt kh H2 (ktc). Nu cho 10,7 gam X tc dng ht vi dd CuSO4 th thy khi lng cht rn tng m gam. Gi tr ca m l A. 22,4. B. 34,1. C. 11,2. D. 11,7.

Cu 4.Ho tan ht 15,8 gam hh X gm Mg, Fe, Al trong dd H2SO4 long d, thu c 13,44 lt kh H2 (ktc). Nu cho 15,8 gam X tc dng ht vi dd CuCl2 th thy khi lng cht rn tng m gam. Gi tr ca m l A. 38,4. B. 22,6. C. 3,4. D. 61,0.

Cu 5. Chia 14,8 gam hh gm Mg, Ni, Zn thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 ho tan ht trong dd H2SO4 c nng d, thu c 21,8 gam mui. Phn 2 cho tc dng ht vi dd AgNO3 thy khi lng cht rn tng m gam. Gi tr ca m l A. 25,0. B. 17,6. C. 8,8. D. 1,4.

Cu 6. Ho tan ht 23,4 gam G gm Al, Ni, Cu bng dd H2SO4 c, nng, thu c 15,12 lt kh SO2 (ktc). Nu cho 23,4 gam G tc dng ht vi dd AgNO3 th thy khi lng cht rn thu c tng m(g) so vi khi lng ca G. Gi tr ca m l ? A. 623,08. B. 311,54. C. 523,08. D. 411,54. Cu 7. Cho 21,1 gam hh X gm Mg, Fe v Al tc dng ht vi dd HCl, thu c 14,56 lt kh H2 (ktc). Nu cho 21,1 gam X tc dng ht vi dd CuSO4 th sau phn ng, thy khi lng cht rn bng x% so vi khi lng ban u. Gi tr ca x l ? A. 197,16 %. B. 97,16 %. C. 294,31 %. D. 94,31%.

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