BI TP TON 8

CHNG 1
Cu 1. Lm tnh nhn
1. 4x. (5x2 - 2x -1)
4. (-xy)(3xy2-x2+x)

2. ( x2 -2xy +4 )( -x y)
5. x(x-y) + y(x+y)

Cu 2 Thc hin php tnh

1. ( x +3y )(x2 - 2xy +y )
4/ (5x - y ) 2
6/ (x-5)3

2. (x +1 )(x +2 )(x + 3 )
5/ 4x2- 9y2
7/ 27x3-1

Cu 3 . Tm x bit
1/ x( x-2 ) + x - 2 = 0
3/ 3x( x -5 ) - ( x -1 )( 2 +3x ) =30
5/ (3x+2)(2x+9) - ( x+2)( 6x+1) = 7
7/ 4(x+1)2+ (2x-1)2- 8(x-1)(x+1) = 11
9/

3. x2(5x3-x-3)
6. x(x2-y) - x2(x+y) + y(x2-x)

2
x( x 2 4) = 0
3

11/ x(12x+3) - 2x(6x+1) - 2008 = 0

3 / ( 2x + 3y )2
4/ (2x+3)3
8/ x3+8

2/ 5x( x-3 ) - x+3 = 0

4/ (x+2)(x+3) - (x-2)(x+5) = 0
6/ 3(2x-1)(3x-1) - (2x-3)(9x-1) = 0
8/ (x-3)(x2+3x+9) + x(x+2)(2-x) = 1
10/ (x+2)2- (x-2)(x+2) = 0
12/ 2x(1-x) + 2x(x-4) = -6

Cu 4: Chng minh rng : a3 + b3 = (a+b)3 - 3ab(a+b)

p dng tnh : a3 + b3 bit a.b = 6; a+b = -5
Cu 5 .Tnh nhanh gi tr ca biu thc sau :
a, A = x2 + xy +x
Ti x= 22 , y = 77
b, B = x (x - y ) +y (y - x ) Ti x =63 , y = 3
Cu 6. cho x+y = a v xy = b, tnh gi tr ca biu thc
a/ x2+y2
b/ x3+y3
c/ x4+y4

d/ x5+y5

a/ cho x+y = 1 tnh gi tri ca biu thc x3+y3+xy

b/ cho x-y = 1 tnh gi tri ca biu thc x3-y3-xy
c/ Cho x+y = a, x2+y2 = b tnh x3+y3
Cu 8. Rt gn cc biu thc sau :
1) (2x-3y)(2x+3y) - 4(x-y)2 - 8xy
2) (3x-1)2 - 2(3x-1)(2x+3) + (2x+ 3)2
3) 2x(2x-1)2- 3x(x-3)(x+3)- 4x(x+)2
4) (a-b+c)2 - (b-c)2 + 2ab - 2ac
5) (x-2)3- x(x+1)(x-1) + 6x(x-3)
6) (x-2)(x2-2x+4) - (x+2)(x2+2x+4)
Cu 9. Tm gi tr nh nht , ln nht ca biu thc:
1/ x2+x+1
2/ 2x2+2x+1
3/ x2-3x+5
4/ (2x-1)2+(x+2)
5/ 4-x2+2x
6/ 4x-x2
7/ 1 4x 2x2
8/ x2 -4x + y2 +2y - 5
Cu 10. Phn tch cc a thc sau thnh nhn t bng phng php t nhn t chung :
1) 6x2 - 9x3 2) 2x(x+1) + 2(x+1) 3) y2 (x2+ y) - mx2 -my 4) 3x( x - a) + 4a(a-x)
Cu 11 .Phn tch cc a thc sau thnh nhn t : dng hng ng thc
1) 16a2 - 9b2
2) -a2+ 4ab - 4b2
3) x2 - 2x +1
4) 9x2+6x+1
5) 9x2-6xy+y2
6) (2x+3y)2- 2(2x+3y)+1
7) -x3 + 3x2 - 3x + 1
8) 8-12x+6x2-x3
9) 8x3-y3
10) (x+y)2- 9x2
Cu 12 .phi hp nhiu PP
1/ x2-1+2yx+y2.
2/ x4-x3-x+1.
3/ 5a2 -5ax -7a +7x
4/ 7x2 - 63y2
5/ 36- 4a2 + 20ab- 25b2
6/ 2 x - 2y- x2 + 2xy - y2
Cu 7:

7/ 4x2+ 1- 4x- y2
10/ x2- xy+ x- y
13/ x2- 1+ 2x- y2
16/ 2x2+ 4x+ 2- 2y2

8/ 5x2- 4x+ 20xy- 8y

11/ 3x2- 3xy- 5x+ 5y
14/ x2+ 4x- 2xy- 4y+ 4y2
17/ 2xy- x2- y2+ 16

19/ 2x- 2y- x2+ 2xy- y2

20/ x3-

1
x
4

9/ x2(y- x)+ x -y
12/ 2x3y- 2xy3- 4xy2- 2xy
15/ x3- 2x2+ x
18/ x3+ 2x2y + xy2 - 9x
21/ (2x- 1)2- (x+ 3)2

22/ x2(x-3)+ 12- 4x

23/ x2- 4+ (x-2)2
24/ x3- 2x2+ x- xy2
25/ x3- 4x2-12x+ 27
26/ x3+ 2x2+ 2x+ 1
27/ x4- 2x3+ 2x- 1
28/ x2- 2x- 4y2-4y
29/ x4+ 2x3- 4x- 4
30/ x2(1- x2)- 4- 4x2
Cu 13 Phn tch a thc thnh nhn t PP tch
1/ x2 + x- 6
6/ 6x2 - 11x + 3
11/ x3+ 5x2 +8x + 4
2/ x2 + 5x+ 6
7/ 2x2+ 3x - 27
12/ x3 - 9x2+ 6x+ 16
3/ x2 - 4x+ 3
8/ 2x2- 5xy- 3y2
13/ x3 - 6x2- x + 30
4/ x2 + 5x+ 4
9/ x3+ 2x- 3
14/ x2 + x- x+ 2
5/ x2 - x- 6
10/ x3-7x + 6
Cu 14. Phn tch a thc thnh nhn t PP thm bt
1/ 4x4+1
2/ 4x4+y4
3/ x4+324
4/ x5+x4+1
Cu 15. Phn tch a thc thnh nhn t PP t n ph
1/ (x2+x)2-2(x2+x)-15
3/ (x2+x+1)(x2+x+2)-12
2/ x2+2xy+y2-x-y-12
4/ (x+2)(x+3)(x+4)(x+5)-24
Cu 16. p dng PTT thnh NT chng minh chia ht
1/ a2-a chia ht cho 2
7/ n3+6n+8n chia ht cho 48 vi mi n chn
2/ a3-a chia ht cho 3
8/ n4-10n2+9 chia ht cho 384 vi mi n l
3/ a5-a chia ht cho 5
9/ n6+n4-2n2 chia ht cho 72
4/ a7-a chia ht cho 7
10/ 32n-9 chia ht cho 72
5/ a3+3a2+2a chia ht cho 6
11/ n3 n chia ht cho 6 vi mi s nguyn n
6/ (n2+n-1)2-1 chia ht cho 24
Cu 17. Bi tp nng cao Phn tch cc a thc sau thnh nhn t
a/ (a+b+c)(ab+bc+ca)-abc
c/ a3(b-c)+b3(c-a)+c3(a-b)
b/ ab(a+b)-bc(b+c)+ac(a-c)
d/ a(b-c)3+b(c-a)3+c(a-c)3
Cu 18. Lm tnh chia: a)x2yz : xyz
b)(-y)5 : (-y)4
c)x10 : (-x)8
Cu 19: Tnh gi tr ca biu thc sau :
15x4y3z2 : 5xy2z2 vi x = 2, y=-10, z =2004
Cu 20: Lm tnh chia
a) (-2x5 + 3x2 - 4x3): 2x2
d) (25x2 - 5x4 + 10x3): 5x2
b) (3x2y2 + 6x2y3 - 12xy) : 3xy
e) (15x3y2 - 6x2y -3x2y2) : 6x2y
c) [3(x-y)4 + 2(x-y)3 - 5(x-y)2] : (y-x)2
Cu 21:Tm gi tr nguyn ca n gi tr ca biu thc 3n3 + 10n2 -5 chia ht cho gi tr ca
biu thc 3n+1.
Cu 22: Sp xp cc a thc sau theo ly tha gim dn ri thc hin php chia
1/ (2x2 - 5x3 + 2x + 2x4 - 1): (x2 - x -1)
4/ (3x4-2x3-2x2+4x-8): (x2-2)
2/ (2x4+x3+3x2+4x+9): (x2+1)
5/ (2x3-26x-24): (x2+4x+3)
3/ (2x3-11x2+19x-6): (x2-3x+1)
Cu 23: Tm a cc php chia sau l php chia ht:
1/ (4x2-6x+ a) : (x-3)
2/ (2x3-3x+4x2- a): (x-2)
3/ (x3+ ax2-4): (x2+4x+4)
4/ (x3-3x - a) : (x+1)2
5/ (x4-3x3-6x + a): (x2-3x-2)
Cu 24: Chng minh rng: 5n+1 - 55n chia ht cho 54 (n l s t nhin)

.CAC

BAI TOAN C BAN HINH HOC 8

Bai 1: T GIAC

1/ Tng cac goc cua mt t giac bng .

T giac ABCD co A + B + C + D =
2/ Tim s o
B
C
x, y cac
0
80

0
120
hinh :

1100

..

a)

b)

B
D
x

650
A

c)

600

1050

d)
P

x
650

x
950
a)

..

..

..

..

N
3x

4x

2x

b)

B
A

..

780

1250

..

1000

a)

..

B
D
x

620
A

c)

610

1070

d)

P
x
680

x
1000
a)

..

..

3/ T hinh ve.
a/ Chng minh MP la ng trung trc
cua QN .
$ bit N
= 620 .
= 1050 ; Q
b/ Tinh M,P

Giai

..

******************

Bai 2 : HINH THANG

1/ Hinh thang la : .
2/ Hinh thang vung la : .
Ve hinh minh hoa :
Hinh thang

Hinh thang vung

bai
3/ Tim s o x, y cac hinh , bit
AB//CD:
A

400

800

a)

500

700
b)

Giai

A
x

650

c)

A
x

550

y
560

750

b)

420

860

a)

4/ Chng minh t giac ABCD la

hinh thang:
D

**********************

Bai 3: HINH THANG CN

1/ inh nghia : Hinh thang cn la : .
.

AB / /.........
ABCD la hinh thang cn
= .......
C = .......;A

Ve hinh minh hoa:

2/ Vit hai tinh cht cua hinh thang cn:

a/ inh ly 1 :
Minh hoa bng ky hiu:
b/ inh ly 2:
Minh hoa bng ky hiu:
3/ Nu hai du hiu nhn bit hinh thang cn:
. .
. .
. .
. .

bai
1/ ABCD la hinh thang cn . Chng minh

Giai
.
.

DM=CN

.
A

.
.
.

2/ ABCD la hinh thang cn . Chng minh

DM=CN ; MA = MB.

.
.

.
.

.
D

3/ Tam giac ABC cn tai A ; AM=AN.

a/ Chng minh MNCB la hinh thang cn.

.
.

 = 450 . Tinh cac goc cua hinh thang

b/ Bit A
cn o.
A

.
.
.

.
.

4/ Tam giac ABC cn tai A. Chng minh

MNCB la hinh thang cn va MB=MN.

.
.

.
.

.
.

5/ Hinh thang ABCD co BDC

. Chng
= ACD

minh ABCD la hinh thang cn.

A

.
.

.
O

.
C

*****************

Bai 4 : NG TRUNG BINH CUA TAM GIAC, CUA HINH THANG

1/ ng trung binh cua tam giac.
a/ Vit inh ly 1:
.
.
.
.

Minh hoa bng hinh ve va ky hiu.

...
..
..

...
..
..

...

..
..
.
...
. ..
..
.

b/ Vit inh ly 2 :

c/ Tim x theo hinh

A
x

8cm
500

K
8cm
500

10cm

A
15cm

11cm
530

15cm

x
530

d/

...
..
..

...
..
..

.
.
..
.

Chng minh AH = HK
A

.
.

M
H

N
B

...
..
..

...
..
..

.
.
.

2/ ng trung binh cua hinh thang.

a/ Vit inh ly 3:
.
.
.

b/ Vit inh ly 4 :
.
.

Minh hoa bng hinh ve va ky hiu.

...
..
..

...
..
..

...
..
..

3/ Tim s o x, y cac hinh :

C

B
A

x
32m

24m

B
A

20c m
x
16c m

...
..
...
..
..

...
..
..

...
..
..

...
..
..

...
..
..

...
..
..

I
N

.
..
.

5dm

I
N

.
..
.

15dm

4/ AM = 12cm; BN = 20cm . Tinh CH?

.
..

B
C

5/ AB // CD. Chng minh ba im E;K;F thng

hang.
A
E

..
.

6/ Tinh x
N
P

.
26

x
x

30

..
.

7/ AB // CD. Chng minh ba im M; N; P

thng hang.
A

..
M

.
C

8/ Tinh x; y ? Bit AB // CD // EF // GH
A
C
E
G

8cm

.
F

16cm

..
H

9/ Tinh x; y ? Bit AB // CD // EF // GH

24cm

..

E
G

30 cm

10/ a/ Tinh EK ; KF ?
b/ Chng minh EF 16cm

12c m

..

.
C

20c m

11/ a/ So sanh EK va CD ; KF va AB.

b/ Chng
B
minh EF
AB + CD
A
2
E

.
F

..

K
C

12/ AB // CD. Chng minh

a/ AK = KC ; BI = ID.
b/ AB = 10cm; CD = 16cm. Tinh EI ; KF; IK.

..
E
D

.
C

N TP HC K I HNH HC 8
Bi 1: Cho ABC vung ti A, D l trung im BC. V DF//AC, DE//AC ( F AC, E AB).
1. Chng minh: AD = EF
2. Trn tia i ca tia ED ly M sao cho EM = ED. CM: AB l ti phn gic ca gc MAD
3. Trn tia i ca tia FD ly N sao cho FN = FD. CM: M i xng vi N qua A.
4. Bit SABC = 12 cm2. Tnh SAEDF
5. ABC c thm iu kin g th t gic AEDF l hnh vung.

Bi 2: Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c AB = 2AD, E v F theo th t l trung im AB, CD.
1. CM: EA F = EC F
2. CM: AF DE
3. M l giao im ca AF v DE, N l giao im BF v CE. CM: EF = MN
4. Tm t s din tch BEF v din tch HBH ABCD.
Bi 3: Cho ABC ( A = 900, AB < AC), trung tuyn AM. V tia Mx song song vi AB ct AC ti H; trn tia
Mx ly im K sao cho MK = AB.
1. CM: BM = AK
2. CM: M v K i xng qua AC.
3. T C v mt ng thng vung gc vi AC ct AM ti Q. CM: ACQB l hnh ch nht.
4. ABC c thm iu kin g AKCQ l hnh thang cn.
Bi 4: Cho ABC cn ti A, ng cao AH. Gi I l trung im AC, E l im i xng vi H qua I.
1. CM: AC = HE
2. T gic AEHB l hnh g? V sao?
3. ABC thm iu kin g tg AEHB l hnh vung. V hnh minh ha.
4. ABC thm iu kin g tg ABHI l hnh thang cn.
5. Tnh din tch t gic AECH bit AB = 10cm, BC = 12cm.
Bi 5: Cho hnh thoi ABCD c O l giao im hai ng cho. I l trung im BC, E dx vi O qua I.
1. CM: OE = DA
2. Chng t E dx vi A qua trung im J ca on OB.
3. CM: SABCD = 2SBOCE.
4. M dx vi I qua J. CM: A, M, B thng hng.
5. Gi K l giao im AI v BO. CM: M, K, C thng hng.
6. Cho SABCD = 16cm2. Tnh SBMOI.
Bi 6: Cho ABC cn ti A, BD, CE l hai trung tuyn ct nhau ti G. Gi M, N ln lt l im dx vi E, D qua
G.
1. CM: AB = MG
2. T gic MBCN l hnh g ? V sao?
3. T gic AMBN l hnh g ? V sao?
4. Tm iu kin AMBN l hnh thang cn.
Bi 7: Cho ABC vung ti A, ng cao AH, trung tuyn AM, Qua H k ng thng song song vi AB
ct AC ti D. Qua H k dt song song vi AC ct AB ti E.
1.
CM: AH = DE
2.
ABC thm iu kin g t gic AEHD l hnh vung?
3.
CM: AM DE
4.
Cho AB = 6cm. AC = 8cm. Tnh din tch t gic AEMD.
Bi 8: Cho hnh vung ABCD, trn tia i ca tia BC v tia DC ly I, J sao cho BI = DJ. Qua I dng ng
thng song song vi AJ v qua J dng ng thng song song vi AI, chng ct nhau ti K.
1. T gic AIKJ l hnh g? V sao?
2. Gi O l giao im AK v IJ. CM: A, O, K, C thng hng.
3. Cho CK = 3 2 cm; AB = 7cm. Tnh SAIKJ.
Bi 9: Cho hnh ch nht ABCD c O l giao im hai ng cho. Trn OB ly I, E i xng vi A qua I.
1. CM: OIEC l hnh thang.
2. Gi J l trung im CE. CM: IJ = OC.
3. IJ ct BC ti F v ct tia DC ti H. Chng minh tam gic JCH cn.
4. Vi iu kin no ca t gic ABCD t gic OIJC l hnh ch nht.
Bi 10: Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c AD = 2AB. T C k CE vung gc vi AB (E AB). Ni E vi trung
im M ca AD. T M k MF vung gc vi CE (F CE). MF ct BC ti N.
1.
T gic AMFE l hnh g? V sao?
2.
Chng minh t gic ABNM l hnh thoi.
3.
Chng minh MC = ME v gc BAD = 2 gc AEM
4.
Nu t gic ABCD l hnh ch nht th t gic CDMN l hnh g? Ti sao?

Bi 11: Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A ( AB<AC), v trung tuyn AM. T M v ME v MF ln lt song
song vi AC v AB.
1. T gic AEMF l hnh g?
2. Chng minh t gic BEFM l hnh bnh hnh
3. V ng cao ca tam gic ABC. Chng minh t gic HEMF l hnh thang cn
4. Nu gc C bng 300. Gi O l giao im hai ng cho ca hnh ch nht AEMF. Chng minh t
gic AEHO l hnh thoi.
Bi 12: Cho hnh thoi ABCD c O l giao im 2 ng cho. Gi I l trung im ca cnh BC v E l im
i xng ca im O qua I
1. T gic OBEC l hnh g? V sao?
2. Chng t E i xng vi A qua trung im K ca on OB
3. Chng t SABC = SBOCE
4. Tm iu kin ca hnh thoi ABCD BOCE l hnh vung
Bi 13: Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD , gi I v J ln lt l trung im ca AB v CD .
1.
Chng minh AICJ l hnh bnh hnh
2.
BD ct AJ v CI ln lt ti M v N . Chng minh MD = 1/3BD
3.
Chng minh S ABCD = 4 S ADJ
4.
Gi E , F ln lt l trung im ca AD v BC . t gic EIFJ l hnh thoi th hnh bnh hnh
ABCD phi l hnh g ? V sao?
Bi 14: Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c BC = 2AB. Gi M, N theo th t l trung im ca BC, AD; gi P l
giao im ca AM vi BN, Q l giao im ca MD vi CN, K l giao im ca tia BN vi tia CD.
1. Chng minh t gic MDKB l hnh thang
2. T gic PMQN l hnh g? V sao?
3. Hnh bnh hnh ABCD c thm iu kin g PMQN l hnh vung?
4. So snh din tch ca hnh bnh hnh ABCD vi t gic PMQN
Bi 15: Cho hnh thoi ABCD c im O l giao im hai ng cho. Gi I l trung im cnh BC v E l
im i xng ca O qua I.
1.

T gic OBEC l hnh g?

2.

Chng t EA i qua trung im J ca on OB.

3.

Chng minh IJ = 1/4AC

4.
Chng t SABCD = 2 SBOCE
Bi 16: Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c AB = 2AD, gi E v F theo th t l trung im ca cnh AB v CD.
1. Chng t t gic AECF l hnh bnh hnh..
2. Chng t AF vung gc vi DE.
3. Gi M l giao im ca AF v DE, N l giao im ca BF v CE. Chng t: EF = MN
4. Tm t s din tch tam gic BEF v hnh bnh hnh ABCD.
Bi 17: Cho hnh vung ABCD, AC ct BD ti O. Trn cnh AD ly im M, ng thng OM ct BC ti N.
1. Chng t DM = BN
2. Chng t t gic BMDN l hnh bnh hnh.
3. Trn cnh AB ly im E sao cho AE = BN, Chng t OE MN
4. ng thng OE ct DC ti F. Chng t MFNE l hnh vung