Tinh Toan Day Quan Dong Co Khong Dong Bo 3 Pha Bang Matlab PDF

ii
MC LC
LI CM N..........................................................................................................I
MC LC ............................................................................................................. II
CHNG 1 M U............................................................................................ 1
1.1 Gii thiu chung .......................................................................................... 1
1.2 Tnh cp thit ca ti ............................................................................... 1
1.3 Nhim v, phm vi ca ti....................................................................... 2
1.4 Phng php nghin cu.............................................................................. 2
1.5 ng dng, nhu cu thc t ca ti ........................................................... 2
CHNG 2 TNG QUAN V THIT K NG C.......................................... 3
KHNG NG B................................................................................................ 3
2.1 Nguyn l lm vic v kt cu my in khng ng b................................ 3
2.1.1 i cng v my in khng ng b ................................................... 3
2.1.2 Nguyn l lm vic ca ng c khng ng b ..................................... 3
2.1.3 Cu to ca ng c khng ng b........................................................ 6
2.1.4 Cng dng ............................................................................................ 10
2.1.5 Kt cu ca my in............................................................................ 10
2.1 Nhng vn chung khi thit k ng c khng ng b.......................... 14
2.2.1 u im............................................................................................. 14
2.2.2 Khuyt im....................................................................................... 14
2.2.3 Bin php khc phc .......................................................................... 15
2.2.4 Nhn xt............................................................................................. 15
2.2.5 Tiu chun sn xut ng c.............................................................. 15
2.2.6 Phng php thit k............................................................................ 15
2.2.7 Ni dung thit k................................................................................ 16
2.2.8 Cc tiu chun i vi ng c khng ng b rto lng sc................ 16
CHNG 3 GII THIU PHN MM MATLAB.............................................. 18
3.1 S lc v Matlab...................................................................................... 18
3.1.1 Matlab l g ........................................................................................ 18
3.1.2 Ci t phn mm Matlab .................................................................. 18
3.1.3 Khi ng v thot khi Matlab......................................................... 25
3.2 Cc php ton trong Matlab ....................................................................... 30
3.2.1 Cc ton t v k hiu c bit.............................................................. 30
3.2.2 Nhm lnh lp trnh trong Mathlab ...................................................... 36
3.2.3 Cc hm ton hc c bn ...................................................................... 41
3.2.4 Cc php tnh i s.............................................................................. 47
iii
3.3 To giao din trong GUIDE/Matlab........................................................... 59
3.3.1 To GUIDE bng cng c ha.......................................................... 59
3.3.2 Mt v d v to GUIDE....................................................................... 59
CHNG 4: TNH TON DY QUN STATOR NG C KHNG NG
B BA PHA.......................................................................................................... 64
4.1 Trnh t tnh ton......................................................................................... 64
4.1.1 Xc nh cc tham s cn thit cho vic tnh ton ................................. 64
4.1.2 Phng nh s cc 2p thch ng kt cu li thp ng c ...................... 70
4.1.3 Lp biu thc quan h gia t thng qua mt cc t (u) v mt t
thng qua khe h khng kh (

B
)................................................................. 72
4.1.4 Xc nh quan h gia mt t thng qua gng li thp stator (Bg) v
mt t thng qua khe h khng kh (

B
)................................................. 72
4.1.5 Xc nh quan h gia mt t thng qua rng stator (B
r
) v mt t
thng qua khe h khng kh ( B ).................................................................. 74
4.1.6 Lp bng quan h gia mt t thng qua khe h khng kh, mt t
thng qua gng li thp stator v mt t thng qua rng stator.................. 75
4.1.7 Chn kt cu cho dy cun v tnh h s dy qun k
dq
.......................... 76
4.1.8 Xc nh tng s vng cho mi pha dy cun ....................................... 82
4.1.9 Xc nh tit din rnh stator, chn h s lp y k
ld
cho rnh, suy ra
ng knh dy qun (d) khng lp men........................................................ 83
4.1.10 Chn mt dng in J v suy ra dng in nh mc (I
mpha
) qua mi
pha dy cun.................................................................................................. 84
4.1.11 Da theo hiu sut ng c () v h s cng sut (cos) xc nh
cng sut nh mc (P
m
) cho ng c........................................................... 85
4.1.12 Xc nh chu vi khun (CV) v khi lng dy cun (W
dy
) .............. 91
4.2.Th d tnh ton mu. ................................................................................... 92
CHNG 5 NG DNG MATLAB TRONG TNH TON THIT K NG
C KHNG NG B..................................................................................... 100
5.1 Giao din chnh v chng trnh cho giao din chnh................................. 100
5.1.1 Giao din chnh................................................................................... 100
5.1.2 Vit chng trnh cho giao din chnh................................................. 101
5.2 To giao din tnh ton v vit chng trnh cho giao din tnh ton........ 102
5.2.1 To giao din tnh ton........................................................................ 102
5.2.2 Vit chng trnh cho giao din tnh ton............................................ 103
5.3 Kt qu tnh ton bng phn mm GUIDE/Matlab..................................... 114
CHNG 6 KT LUN V NGH............................................................. 116
6.1 Kt lun..................................................................................................... 116
iv
6.2. Kin ngh .................................................................................................. 116
TI LIU THAM KHO................................................................................... 117

1
CHNG 1 M U
1.1 Gii thiu chung
Ngy nay, ng c in c s dng rng ri trong mi lnh vc ca i
sng x hi, c bit l trong cc ngnh cng nghip sn xut hin i, v trong
nhiu lnh vc ca i sng th khng th thiu cc ng c in. V vy, cc loi
ng c in c ch to ngy cng hon thin hn. Trong , ng c in khng
ng b 3 pha chim t l ln trong cc ngnh cng nghip, do n c nhiu u im
ni bt nh: gi thnh thp, d s dng, bo qun n gin, chi ph vn hnh v bo
tr thp
V vy, yu cu khi thit k ng c in phi m bo cht lng, tin
cy cao v gi thnh phi ph hp. i i vi s dng th vic bo tr, sa cha
ng c in cng l mt vn cn thit.
Tuy nhin vic thit k ng c ni ring v ng c khng ng b ni
chung cn qua nhiu bc tnh ton bng tay do mt nhiu thi gian hn. V vy
chng ta cn c mt phng php tnh ton nhanh, chnh xc hn. Trong ti tt
nghip ny ti s trnh by cch thit k ng c khng ng b ba pha bng phn
mm Matlab. Trn giao din thit k, ta ch vic nhp thng s u vo v vic tnh
ton cc thng s u ra, GUIDE/Matlab s tnh ton cho chng ta.
1.2 Tnh cp thit ca ti
Vic thit k ng c in phi qua nhiu bc tnh ton, c th nh thit
k c mt ng c khng ng b ba pha th ta phi tnh ton dy qun, rnh
stator, khe h khng kh, gng rto, tnh ton mch t v cc tham s nh
mcnh th i vi mt ng c m ta i tnh ton li th s mt nhiu thi gian
v chnh xc khng cao do qu trnh tnh ton ta thng lm trn s. Trng hp
ny hay xy ra i vi nhng ng c b mt l lch hay nhng ng c b chy
dy qun. V vy ti Thit k ng c khng ng b bng phn mm Matlab l
cn thit. Trn giao din GUIDE/Matlab, ta ch cn nhp cc thng s u vo v
nhn nt tnh ton, phn mm s t ng tnh ton v cho ta kt qu nhanh v chnh
xc u ra. Gip chng ta tit kim thi gian m lm vic li hiu qu.
2
1.3 Nhim v, phm vi ca ti
Nhim v ca ti l thit k ng c khng ng b ba pha bng phn
mm Matlab trn giao din GUIDE trong phm vi l tnh ton thit k ng c
khng ng b ba pha bng phn mm Matlab.
1.4 Phng php nghin cu
Tm hiu v cu to v nguyn l hot ng ca ng c khng ng b ba
pha. Thit k ng c vi phng php thng thng, xc nh thng s u vo,
u ra cho ng c v p dng vo cho chng trnh ca Matlab. To giao din s
dng trn GUIDE/Matlab vi giao din l thit k ng c khng ng b, vit
chng trnh cho GUIDE/Matlab thc hin vic thit k.
1.5 ng dng, nhu cu thc t ca ti
Sau khi ti hon thnh, n s c ng dng trong cc nh my ch to,
cc xng sa cha ng c. Vi tnh u vit ca n, nh sn xut s tit kim thi
gian v chi ph cho vic thit k ng c (tnh ton dy qun) m m bo s chnh
xc.

3
CHNG 2 TNG QUAN V THIT K NG C
KHNG NG B
2.1 Nguyn l lm vic v kt cu my in khng ng b
2.1.1 i cng v my in khng ng b
My in khng ng b do kt cu n gin, lm vic chc chn, bo qun
thun tin, gi thnh r nn c s dng rng ri trong mi lnh vc. Nht l loi
c cng sut di 100kW.
ng c in khng ng b c 2 loi: 1 loi rto lng sc v 1 loi rto dy
qun. ng c in khng ng b rto lng sc c cu to n gin nht, nht l
loi rto lng sc c nhm nn chim s lng kh ln trong loi c cng sut nh
v va. Nhc im ca ng c ny l kh iu chnh tc v dng in khi
ng bng 6-7 ln dng in nh mc. b khuyt cho nhc im ny, ngi ta
ch to loi ng c khng ng b rto lng sc nhiu tc v dng rto rnh
su, lng sc kp h dng in khi ng, ng thi tng mmen khi ng ln.
ng c in khng ng b rto dy qun c th iu chnh tc trong
mt chng mc nht nh, c th to mmen khi ng ln m dng in khi
ng khng cao lm. Nhng ch to kh khn hn loi rto lng sc do c gi
thnh cao hn, kh khn trong vic bo qun.
Hin nay nc ta sn sut ng c khng ng b theo dy tiu chun. Dy
ng c khng ng b cng sut t 0.55 90kW k hiu l K theo tiu chun Vit
Nam 1987 1994. Ngoi tiu chun trn cn c tiu chun TCVN 315 85, quy
nh dy cng sut ng c in khng ng b rto lng sc t 100kW 1000kW,
gm c cng sut: 110, 160, 200, 250, 320, 400, 500, 630, 800, va 1000kW.
K hiu ca ng c in khng ng b rto lng sc c ghi theo k hiu
v tn gi ca dy ng c in, k hiu v chiu cao tm trc quay, k hiu v
kch thc lp t do trc v k hiu v s trc.
2.1.2 Nguyn l lm vic ca ng c khng ng b
4
ng c khng ng b 3 pha c 2 phn chnh: stator (phn tnh), rto (phn
quay). Stator gm c li thp trn c cha cc dy qun 3 pha. Khi u dy qun
3 pha vo li in 3 pha, trong y qun s c dng in chy, h thng dng in
ny to ra t tng quay, quay vi tc :
n
1
= 60*
p
f
1
(2.1)
Trong :
1
f
: L tn s ngun in.
p: L s i cc t dy qun.
Phn quay nm trn trc quay bao gm li thp rto. Dy qun rto bao gm mt
s thanh dn t trong cc rnh ca mch t, hai u c ni bi 2 vnh ngn mch.
T trng quay ca stator cm ng trong dy rto sc in ng E, v dy
qun stator kn mch nn trong c dng in chy. S tc ng tng h gia
cc thanh dn mang dng in vi t trng ca my to ra lc in t F
t
tc dng
ln thanh dn c chiu xc nh theo quy tc bn tay tri.
Tp hp cc lc tc dng ln thanh dn theo phng tip tuyn vi b mt
rto to ra mmen quay rto. Nh vy, ta thy in nng ly t li in c
bin thnh c nng trn trc ng c. Ni cch khc, ng c khng ng b l mt
thit b in t, c kh nng bin in nng ly t li in ri bin thnh c nng
trn trc ca n. Chiu quay ca rto l chiu quay ca t trng, v vy ph thuc
vo th t pha ca in p li t trn dy qun stator. Tc rto n
2
l tc lm
vic v lun lun nh hn tc ca t trng v ch trong trng hp mi sy
ra cm ng sc in ng trong dy qun rto. Hiu s tc quay ca t trng v
rto c c trng bng 1 i lng gi l h s trt.
s

=
1
2 1
n
n n
(2.2)
Khi s = 0 ngha l n
1
= n
2,
tc rto bng tc t trng, ch ny gi l ch
khng ti l tng. ch khng ti thc s ~ 0 bi sc cn ca gi, bi
5
Khi h s trt s = 1, lc rto ng yn (n
2
= 0), mmen bng mmen m my.
H s trt ng vi ti nh mc gi l h s trt nh mc. Tng ng vi
h s trt ny l tc nh mc ca ng c.
Tc ng c khng ng b bng:
n
2
= n
1
*(1-s) (2.3)
Mt c im quan trng ca ng c khng ng b l dy qun stator
khng c ni trc tip vi li in, sc in ng v dng in trong rto c
c l do cm ng, chnh v vy ngi ta gi ng c ny l ng c cm ng.
Tn s dng in trong rto rt nh, n ph thuc vo tc trt ca rto
so vi t trng.
1
1
2 1 1 2 1
2
*
* 60
) ( * *
60
f s
n
n n n p n n
p f =
=
(2.4)
ng c khng ng b c th lm vic ch my pht in nu ta dng
mt ng c khc quay n vi tc cao hn tc ng b, trong khi cc u ra
ca n c ni vi li in. n cng c th lm vic c lp nu trn u ra ca
n c kch bng cc t in.
ng c khng ng b c th cu to thnh ng c mt pha. ng c mt
pha khng th t m my c, v vy khi ng ng c mt pha cn cc phn
t khi ng nh t in, in tr
6
2.1.3 Cu to ca ng c khng ng b

Hnh 2.1: Cu to ng c khng ng b
ng c khng ng b v cu to c chia thnh hai loi: ng c khng ng
b ngn mch hay cn gi l rto lng sc v loi rto dy qun. Stator c hai loi
nh nhau.
2.1.3.1 Stator (phn tnh)
Stator bao gm v my, li thp v dy qun.
- V my

Hnh 2.2: V my ng c
7
V my l ni c nh li thp, dy qun v ng thi l ni ghp ni np hay
gi trc. V my c th c lm t gang nhm hay li thp. ch to v my,
ngi ta c th c, hn, rn. V my c hai kiu: v kiu kn v v kiu bo v. V
kiu kn yu cu phi c din tch tn nhit ln. V vy ngi ta lm nhiu rnh tn
nhit trn thn my. V kiu bo v thng c b mt nhn, gi lm mt thi trc tip
trn b mt ngoi li thp v trong v my.
Hp cc l ni u in t li in vo. i vi ng c kiu kn, hp cc yu
cu phi kn, gia thn cc v v my vi np hp cc phi c giong cao su. Trn
v my phi c bulng vng cu my khi nng h, vn chuyn v bulng tip t.
- Li thp

Hnh 2.3: Li thp Stator
Li thp l phn t dn t. V t trng i qua li thp l t trng quay, nn
gim tn hao li thp c lm t nhng l tho k thut in dy 0.5mm p li.
Yu cu li thp phi dn t tt, tn hao st nh v chc chn.
Mi l thp k thut in u c ph sn cch in trn b mt gim
tn hao do dng in xoy gy ln (dng in phuc).
- Dy qun
8

Hnh 2.4: Dy qun v li thp ca Stator
Dy qun stator c t vo rnh ca li thp v c cch in tt vi li
thp. Dy qun ng vai tr quan trng trong my in v n trc tip tham gia cc
qu trnh bin i nng lng in nng thnh c nng hay ngc li, ng thi v
mt kinh t, dy qun cng chim gi thnh khc cao trong mt ng c.
2.1.3.2 Rto (phn quay)

Hnh 2.5: Rto v trc ng c.
Rto ca ng c khng ng b gm li thp, dy qun v trc (i vi
ng c dy qun cn c vnh trt).
9
- Li thp
Li thp ca rto bao gm cc l tho k thut in nh ca stator, im
khc bit y l khng cn sn cch in gia cc l thp v tn s lm vic ca
rto rt thp, ch vi Hz, nn tn hao do dng in Phuc trong rto rt thp. Li
thp c p trc tip ln trc my hoc ln mt gi rto ca my. Pha ngoi ca
li thp c x rnh t dy qun rto.
- Dy qun rto
C hai loi chnh: rto kiu dy qun v rto kiu lng sc
Loi rto kiu dy qun
Rto dy qun c dy qun ging nh dy qun stator. My in kiu trung
bnh tr ln c dy qun kiu sng hai lp, v bt nhng u dy ni, kt cu dy
qun trn rto cht ch. My in c nh dng kiu dy qun ng tm mt lp.
Dy qun ba pha ca rto thng u hnh sao.
c im ca loi ng c kiu dy qun l c th thng qua chi than a
in tr ph hay sc in ng ph vo mch rto ci thin tnh nng m my,
iu chnh tc hay ci thin h s cng sut ca my.
Loi rto kiu lng sc
Kt cu ca loi dy qun ny rt khc vi dy qun stator. Trong mi rnh
ca li thp rto, t cc thanh dn bng ng hay nhm v c ni tt hai u
bng hai vng ngn mch bng ng hoc nhm. Nu l rto c nhm th trn
vng ngn mch cn c cc cnh khoy gi.
Rto thanh ng c ch to t ng hp kim c in tr sut cao nhm
mc ch nng cao mmen m my.
ci thin tnh nng m my, i vi my c cng sut ln, ngi ta lm
rnh rto su hoc dng lng sc kp. i vi my in c nh, rnh rto c lm
cho gc so vi tm trc.
- Trc
10
Trc my in mang rto quay trong lng stator, v vy n cng l mt chi
tit rt quan trng. Trc ca my in ty theo kch thc c th c ch to t
thp Cacbon. Trn trc ca rto c li thp, dy qun, vnh trt v qut gi.
2.1.3.3 Khe h
V rto l mt khi trn nn khe h u. Khe h trong my in khng ng
b rt nh ( 0,2 1 mm trong my c nh v va) hn ch dng t ha ly t
li vo, nh h s cng sut ca my cao hn.
2.1.4 Cng dng
My in khng ng b l my in ch yu dng lm ng c in. Do kt
cu n gin, lm vic chc chn, hiu qu cao, gi thnh r, d bo qun Nn
ng c khng ng b l loi my in c s dng rng ri nht trong cc
ngnh kinh t quc dn vi cng sut vi chc n hng chc kW. Trong cng
nghip thng dng my in in khng ng b lm ngun ng lc cho my cc
thp loi va v nh, ng lc cho cc my cng c cc nh my cng nghip
nh Trong hm m dng lm my ti hay qut gi. Trong nng nghip dng
lm my bm hay my gia cng nng phm. Trong i sng hng ngy, my in
khng ng b cng chim mt v tr quan trng nh qut gi, quay a ng c
trong t lnh, my git, my bm nht l loi rto lng sc. Tm li s pht trin
ca nn sn xut in kh ha, t ng ha v sinh hot hng ngy, phm vi ca
my in khng b ngy cng c rng ri.
My in khng ng b c th dng lm my pht in, nhng c tnh
khng tt so vi my in ng b, nn ch trong vi trng hp no ( nh trong
qu trnh in kh ha nng thn) cn ngun in ph hay tm thi th n cng c
mt ngha rt quan trng.
2.1.5 Kt cu ca my in
Mc d kch thc ca cc b phn vt liu tc dng v c tnh ca my
ph thuc phn ln vo tnh ton thng gi tn nhit, nhng cng c phn lin quan
n kt cu ca my. Thit k kt cu phi m bo sao cho my gn nh, thng gi
tn nhit tt m vn c cng vng v bn nht nh. Thng cn c vo iu
11
kin lm vic ca my thit k ra mt kt cu thch hp, sau tnh ton c cc
b phn xc nh cng v bn ca cc chi tit my. V vy thit k kt cu
l mt phn quan trng trong ton b thit k my in.
My in c rt nhiu kiu kt cu khc nhau. S d nh vy v nhng
nguyn nhn chnh sau:
- C nhiu loi my in v cng dng cng khc nhau nh my mt chiu,
my ng b, my khng ng b cho nn yu cu i vi kt cu my cng
khc nhau. Cng sut my khc nhau nhiu. nhng my cng sut nh th gi
ng thi l np my. i vi my ln th phi c trc ring.
- Tc quay khc nhau. My tc cao th rto cn phi chc chn hn,
my t chm th ng knh rto thng ln.
- S khc nhau ca ng c s cp ko n ( i vi my pht in) hay ti
( i vi ng c in) nh tuabin nc, tuabin hi, my diezen, bm nc hay
my cng tc Phng thc truyn ng hay lp ghp cng khc nhau.
- Cn c vo tnh ton in t v tnh ton thng gi c th a ra nhiu
phng n khc nhau. Nhng phng n ny v kch thc, trng lng, tnh tin
li khi s dng, tin cy khi lm vic, tnh gin n khi ch to v gi thnh ca
my c th khng ging nhau. V vy khi thit k cn ch n tt c cc yu t .
Nguyn tc chung thit k kt cu:
- m bo ch to n gin, gi thnh h.
- m bo bo dng my thun tin.
- m bo tin cy ca my khi lm vic.
2.1.5.1 Phn loi cc kiu kt cu my in nh hnh
Kt cu ca nhng my in hin nay c nh hnh theo cch bo v, cch
lp ghp, thng gi, c tnh ca mi trng bn ngoi
a) Phn loi theo phng php bo v my i vi mi trng bn ngoi.
Cp bo v my c nh hng ry ln n kt cu ca my. Cp bo v c
k hiu bng ch IP v hai ch s km theo, trong ch s ln nht ch mc
bo v chng s tip xc ca ngi v cc vt khc ri vo my, c chia lm 7
12
cp nh s t 0 n 6, trong s 0 ch rng my khng c bo v ( kiu h
hon ton) cn s 6 ch rng my c bo v hon ton khng cho ngi tip xc,
vt v bi khng lt vo, ch s th hai ch mc bo v chng nc vo my
gm cp nh s t 0 n 8, trong s 0 ch rng my khng c bo v cn s 8
ch my c th ngm nc trong thi gian v hn nh.
Thng c thi quen chia cp bo v theo phng php lm ngui my.
Theo cch ny my c chia thnh cc kiu kt cu sau:
- Kiu h.
Loi ny khng c trang b bo v s tip xc t nhin cc b phn quay v
b phn mang in, cng khng c trang b bo v cc vt bn ngoi ri vo my.
Loi ny c ch to theo kiu t lm ngui. Theo cp bo v th y l loi IP00.
Loi ny thng t trong nh c ngi trng coi v khng cho ngi ngoi n
gn.
- Kiu bo v.
C trang b bo v chng s tip xc ngu nhin cc b phn quay hay mang
in, bo v cc vt ngoi hoc nc ri vo theo cc gc khc nhau. Loi ny
thng l t thng gi. Theo cp bo v th kiu ny thuc cp bo v t IP11 n
IP33.
- Kiu kn.
L loi my m khng gian bn trong my v mi trng bn ngoi my
c cch ly. Ty theo mc kn m cp bo v l t IP44 tr ln. Kiu kn
thng l t thng gi bng cch thi gi mt ngoi vo v my hay thng gi
c lp bng cch a gi vo trong my bng ng ng. Thng dng loi my
ny mi trng nhiu bi, m t
Kiu bo v c bit nh loi chng n, bo v chng mi trng ha cht.
b) Phn loi theo cch lp t.
Theo cch lp t my, k hiu ch IM km theo 4 ch s tip theo. y,
ch s th nht ch kiu kt cu gm 9 s nh t 1 n 9 trong s 1 ch bi
c lp trn np my v s 9 ch cch lp c bit. Ch s hai v ba ch cch thc
13
lp t v hng ca trc my. S th t ch kt cu ca u trc gm 9 loi nh
s t 0 n 8 trong s 0 ch my c mt u trc hnh tr, s 8 ch u trc c
cc kiu c bit khc.
2.1.5.2 Kt cu stator ca my in xoay chiu
a) V my
Khi thit k kt cu v stator phi kt hp vi yu cu v truyn nhit v
thng gi, ng thi phi c cng v bn, khng nhng sau khi lp li
thp v c khi gia cng v. Thng cng th bn. V c th chia lm
hai loi: loi c gn trong v loi khng c gn trong. Loi khng c gn trong
thng dng i vi my in c nh hoc kiu kn, lc lng li thp p st vo
mt trong ca v my v truyn nhit trc tip ln v my. Loi c gn trong c c
im l trong lc gia cng, tc ct gt chm nhng ph liu b i t hn loi
khng c gn trong.
Loi v bng thp tm hn gm t nht l hai vng thp tm tr ln v nhng
gn ngang lm thnh khung. Nhng dng khc u xut pht t dng c bn .
c) Li thp stator
Khi ng knh ngoi li thp nh hn 1m th dng tm nguyn lm li
thp. Li thp sau khi p vo v s c mt cht c nh vi v khi b quay di
tc ng ca mmen in t
Nu ng knh ngoi ca li thp ln hn 1m th dng cc tm hnh r qut
ghp li. Khi y ghp li thp, thng dng hai tm thp dy p hai u.
trnh lc hng tm v lc ht cc tm, thng lm nhng cch ui nhn hnh r
qut trn cc tm vo cc gn trn v my.
2.1.5.2 Kt cu rto ca my in xoay chiu v mt chiu
V kt cu rto my in mt chiu v xoay chiu c nhiu im ging nhau.
Khi xt n kt cu ca rto cn phi ch n cc lc tc ng ln rto khi my
lm vic.
Nu ng knh ca rto nh hn 350mm th li thp rto thng c p
trc tip ln trc hoc ng lng ngc. l v ng knh rto khng ln, phn
14
trong ca li thp ct ra khng dng c vo vic g c kinh t ln m kt cu rto
li c n gin ha. Vic dng ng lng cng hn ch, ch dng khi cn thit nh
ng c in trn tu thay trc c d dng. Khi ng knh rto ln hn
350mm, ng knh trong rto c gng ly ln hn dng li ly ra lm vic
khc, do cn gi rto.
Khi ng knh rto ln hn 1000mm th dng cc tm tn silic hnh r qut
p li. Lc dng gi rto hnh cnh sao. Gi rto trong cc my ln thng
lm bng thp tm hn li.
Li thp cn c p cht vi p sut t 5kg/
2
cm i vi my c trung, n
10kg/
2
cm i vi my c nh v phi c nhng vng p m bo gi p sut
. trnh li thp hai u b tn ra th trong my nh dng nhng tm thp dy
1,5mm p li. Trong my ln dng tm thp c rng. Rng phi tn hay hn vo tm
thp p m bo khi quay khng vng ra.
Vng p ca my in mt chiu v my khng ng b rto dy qun mt mt
dng p cht li thp, mt mt dng lm gi u dy cun. Trong my in
c nh thng c bng gan, trong my ln thng dng tm thp hn li. Dng gi
lin vnh p s d dng cho vic hai u dy cho khi vng ra khi quay.
Rto my in khng ng b thng c rnh na kn v dng nm c nh
trong dy rnh.
2.1 Nhng vn chung khi thit k ng c khng ng b
2.2.1 u im
- Kt cu n gin nn gi thnh r
- Vn hnh d dng, bo qun thun tin.
- S dng rng ri v ph bin trong phm vi cng sut nh v va.
- Sn xut vi nhiu cp in khc nhau ( t 24V n 10kV) nn rt thch
nghi cho tng ngi s dng
2.2.2 Khuyt im
- H s cng sut thp gy tn tht nhiu cng sut phn khng ca li in.
- Khng s dng c lc non ti hoc khng ti.
15
- Kh iu chnh tc .
- c tnh m my khng tt, dng m my ln ( gp 6 7 ln dng nh mc)
- Momen m my nh.
2.2.3 Bin php khc phc
- Hn ch vn hnh non ti.
- Ci thin c tnh m my bng cch iu chnh tc (bng cch thay i
in p, thm in tr ph vo mch rto hoc ni cp), hay dng rto c rnh su,
rto lng kp h dng khi ng, ng thi tng momen m my.
- Ch to rto c khe h tht nh hn ch dng in t ha v nng cao
h s cng sut.
2.2.4 Nhn xt
Mc d c nhiu khuyt im nhng ng c khng ng b rto lng sc
c nhng u im m nhng ng c khc khng c c v quan trng nht l
n gin, d s dng, gi thnh r. Thc t ng c khng ng b rto lng sc
c p dng rng ri, chim s lng 90%, v cng sut chim 55%
2.2.5 Tiu chun sn xut ng c
- Tiu chun v sn xut:
Chun ha dy cng sut ca ng c ph hp vi trnh sn xut ca tng
nc. Dy cng sut c sp xp theo chiu tng dn.
- Tiu chun v kch thc lp t:
+ cao tm trc h: lp t c ng b, th hin trnh sn xut, trang b
my cng c sn xut.
+ Khong cch chn ( gia cc l bc bulon)
2.2.6 Phng php thit k
Thit k n chic: mt cp cng sut ( trong phm vi lun vn, chn
phng php thit k ny)
Thit k dy: nhiu cng sut. Mc d cng mt c li thp, nhng chiu di
khc nhau nn cng sut khc nhau.
16
2.2.7 Ni dung thit k
Xc nh kch thc ch yu.
Xc nh thng s cc phn t ch yu ca my
2.2.8 Cc tiu chun i vi ng c khng ng b rto lng sc
2.2.8.1 Tiu chun v dy cng sut
Hin nay cc nc sn xut ng c in khng ng b theo dy tiu
chun. Dy ng c in khng ng b cng sut t 0,55kw n 90kw, k hiu K
theo tiu chun Vit Nam 1987 1994:
Cng sut (kw): 0,55/ 0,75/ 1,1/ 1,5/ 2,2/ 3/ 4/ 5/ 11/ 15/ 18,5/ 22/ 30/ 37/ 45/ 55/
75/ 90
Dy cng sut c c trng bi s cp hay h s tng cng sut:
n
n
HP
P
P
K
* 2
1 * 2
2
+
=
(2.5)
2.2.8.2 Tiu chun v kch thc lp t cao tm trc
cao tm trc: t tm trc n b my. y l mt i lng rt quan
trng trong vic lp ghp ng c vi nhng c cu thit b khc.
Kch thc lp t: chiu cao tm trc c th c chn theo dy cng sut
ca ng c in khng ng b lng sc.
2.2.8.3 K hiu my
V d : 3K 250 M4.
3K: ng c in khng ng b dy K thit k li ln 3.
250: Chiu cao tm trc bng 250mm.
M: Kch thc lp t dc trc l M
4: My c 4 cc
2.2.8.4 Cp bo v
Cp bo v nh hng rt ln n kt cu ca my. Cp bo v c k hiu
bng ch IP v 2 ch s km theo, trong ch s th nht ch mc bo v
chng tip xc ca ngi v cc vt khc ri vo my. c chia lm 7 cp nh s
t 0 6, trong s 0 ch rng my khng c bo v ( kiu h hon ton, cn s
17
6 ch rng my c bo v hon ton khng cho ngi tip xc, vt v bi
khng lt vo. Ch s th hai ch mc bo v chng nc vo my gm 9 cp
nh s t 0 8, trong s 0 ch rng my khng c bo v, s 8 ch my c th
ngm trong nc trong thi gian v nh hn.
2.2.8.5 S lm mt
K hiu l IC
V d:
IC01 lm mt kiu bo v, lm mt trc tip.
IC141 lm mt kiu kn, lm mt mt ngoi.
Cp cch in.
Dy A02: cp E, B
Dy 4A: cp E, F, H
Vt liu cch in.
Vt liu cch in l mt trong nhng vt liu ch yu dng trong ngnh ch
to my in. Khi thit k my in, chn vt liu cch in l mt khu rt quan
trng v phi m bo my lm vic tt vi tui th nht nh, ng thi gi thnh
ca my li khng cao. Nhng iu kin ny ph thuc phn ln vo vic chn cch
in ca my.
Khi chn vt liu cch in cn ch nhng vn sau:
Vt liu cch in phi c bn cao, chu tc dng c hc tt, chu nhit v
dn nhit tt li t thm nc.
Phi chn vt liu cch in c tnh cch in cao m bo thi gian lm
vic ca my t nht l 15 20 nm trong iu kin lm vic bnh thng, ng thi
m bo gi thnh ca my khng cao.
Mt trong nhng yu t c bn nht l lm gim tui th ca vt liu cch
in ( cng l tui th ca my) l nhit . Nu nhit vt qu cho php th cht
in mi, bn c hc ca vt liu gim i nhiu, dn n s gi ha nhanh chng
cht cch in.
18
CHNG 3 GII THIU PHN MM MATLAB
3.1 S lc v Matlab
3.1.1 Matlab l g
Nh chng ta bit, do tnh kh dng ca phn mm Matlab nn Matlab
ang c s dng rt rng ri trong cc trng i hc vi mc ch ging dy,
khng nhng th n cn c ng dng trong nhiu nghnh ngh khc nhau.
Matlab cho php cc thao tc ma trn, thc hin cc thut ton, to ra cc giao din
ngi dng, v cho php lp trnh vi cc chng trnh vit bng ngn ng khc,
bao gm C, C + +, v Fortran.
Trong ti ny, ti xin php c i su vo GUIDE/Matlab: GUIDE trong
Matlab cho php chng ta to ln giao din ha gia ngi dng v Matlab:
Trong giao din ny ta c th xut d liu di hai dng: Vn bn v ha. Mi
mt GUIDE c mt hay nhiu layout. GUIDE to nn mt cng c ha phc v
xut nhp d liu mt cch trc gic rt thun tin. Ngoi ra GUIDE cn dng
gim st cc qu trnh, hin th i tng.
3.1.2 Ci t phn mm Matlab
Sau y l tng bc ci t phn mm Matlab:
Bc 1: Nhn chut vo file setup v ch chng trnh copy file ci t.

19

Bc 2: Sau khi giao din khi ng ci t xut hin, nhn chut v Next ci t.

20
Bc 3: Chp t kha trong bn license key v dn vo cn nhp key ri nhn
Next tip tc ci t.

Bc 4: Nhn chut vo yes v Next tip tc ci t.

21
Bc 5: Tip tc nhn chut vo Next nu ta ci t chun. Hoc custom nu ta
ci t theo mun loi b nhng chng trnh khng cn thit.

Bc 6: Nhn Next tip tc ci chng trnh vo my.

Bc 7: Nhn vo Install tin hnh ci t.

22
Bc 8: Ch my tnh ci t chng trnh.

Bc 9: Nhn OK tip tc ci t.

Bc 10: Nhn Browse hin ln file Math 7.2_soft, ri nhn vo math2(I) v
Select v nhn OK my tnh ci t tip part 2 ca Matlab.

23

Bc 11: Khi my tnh chy xong part 2 ta tin hnh bc 12 tng t nh bc 10
i vi part 3 (Math3(I))

24

Bc 12: Sau khi my tnh ci xong part 3, ta nhn Next v Finish hon tt
vic ci t.

25
3.1.3 Khi ng v thot khi Matlab
Bc 1: Vo start/all programs/MATHLAB/R2006a/MATHLAB 2006a, hoc nhn
trc tip vo biu tng Matlab trn mn hnh bt u khi ng chng trnh.

Bc 2: Ch Matlab khi ng vi giao din khi ng.

26
Bc 3: Matlab khi ng xong vi giao din Command Window.

Bc 4: Nhn chut vo File/New/GUI khi ng GUIDE trong Matlab.

27
Bc 5: Khi giao din GUIDE Quick Start xut hin, ta nhn OK vo chng
trnh GUIDE.

Bc 6: Giao din untitle.fig cho php ta thc hin cng vic trn .

28
Bc 7: m mt chng trnh lu trong my tnh, ta nhn vo file/Open v
nhn vo file cn m m chng trnh

Bc 8: to mt chng trnh mi, ta nhn vo File/New/Ok

29

Bc 9: lu 1 chng trnh, ta nhn vo File/ Save as. Giao din Save As xut
hin, ta nhn t tn cho chng trnh v nhn Save lu file to.

30
Bc 10: thot khi Matlab, ta nh lnh quit v nhn Enter.

3.2 Cc php ton trong Matlab
3.2.1 Cc ton t v k hiu c bit
3.2.1.1 Cc ton t s hc (Arithmetic Operators)
Ton t Cng dng
+ Cng ma trn hoc i lng v hng (cc ma trn phi c cng kch
thc).
- Tr ma trn hoc i lng v hng (cc ma trn phi c cng kch
thc).
* Nhn ma trn hoc i lng v hng (ma trn 1 phi c s ct bng s
hng ca ma trn 2).
.* Nhn tng phn t ca 2 ma trn hoc 2 i lng v hng (cc ma trn
phi c cng kch thc).
\ Thc hin chia ngc ma trn hoc cc i lng v hng (A\B tng
ng vi inv (A)*B).
.\ Thc hin chia ngc tng phn t ca 2 ma trn hoc 2 i lng v
hng (cc ma trn phi c cng kch thc).
/ Thc hin chia thun 2 ma trn hoc i lng v hng (A/B tng ng
vi A*inv(B)).
./ Thc hin chia thun tng phn t ca ma trn ny cho ma trn kia (cc ma
trn phi c cng kch thc).
^ Ly tha tng phn t ma trn hoc i lng v hng (cc ma trn phi
c cng kch thc).
.
^
31
* v d:
Php tnh ma trn Php tnh mng
1
x 2
3
4
y 5
6
x 1 2 3 y 4 5 6
5
x + y 6
7
-3
x y -3
-3
3
x + 2 4
5
-3
x 2 -3
-3

x * y php ton sai
4
x. * y 10
18
x* y 32 x.* y php ton sai
4 5 6
x * y 8 10 12
12 15 18

x. * y php ton sai
2
x * 2 4
6
2
x.* 2 4
6

x \ y 16/7
4
x.\ y 5/2
2
1/2
2 \ x 1
3/2

2
2./ x 1
2/3
0 0 1/6
x / y 0 0 1/3
1/4
x./ y 2/5
32
0 0 1/2 1/2
1/2
x / 2 1
3/2
1/2
x./ 2 1
3/2

x ^ y php ton sai
1/2
x.^ y 32
729

x ^ 2 php ton sai
1
x.^ 2 4
9

2 ^ x php ton sai
2
2.^ x 4
8

3.2.1.2 Ton t quan h (Relational Operators)
Ton t Cng dng
< So snh nh hn.
> So snh ln hn.
>= So snh ln hn hoc bng.
<= So snh nh hn hoc bng.
= = So snh bng nhau c phn thc v phn o.
-= So snh bng nhau phn o.

a) Gii thch
Cc ton t quan h thc hin so snh tng thnh phn ca 2 ma trn. Chng
to ra mt ma trn c cng kch thc vi 2 ma trn so snh vi cc phn t l 1
nu php so snh l ng
v l 0 nu php so snh l sai.
Php so snh c ch u tin sau php ton s hc nhng trn php ton logic.
b) V d:
thc hin php so snh sau:
33
x=5 % u tin ta nhp x=5
x =
5
x>=[1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 9] %so snh trc tip x (x l 5) vi ma trn
ans = % r rng cc ph t 1,2,3,4,5 u <= 5
1 1 1
1 1 0
0 0 0
x=5
x =
5
A=[1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 9] % ta t ma trn A
A =
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
x>=A
ans =
1 1 1
1 1 0
0 0 0
x=A % dng lnh ny tc l cho x= ma trn A
x =
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
x==A % so snh x v A
ans = % tt c cc phn t u ng
34
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
x=5 % cho li x=5
x =
5
x==A % so snh x = A
ans =
0 0 0
0 1 0 % ch duy nht phn t 5=x (v x=5)
0 0 0
x<A
ans =
0 0 0
0 0 1
1 1 1
3.2.1.3 Ton t logig (Logical Operators)
Ton t Cng dng
& Thc hin php ton logic AND.
,
Thc hin php ton logic OR.
~ Thc hin php ton logic NOT.

a) Gii thch:
Kt qu ca php ton l 1 nu php logic l ng v l 0 nu php logic l sai.
Php logic c ch u tin thp nht so vi php ton s hc v php ton
so snh.
b) V d:
Khi thc hin php ton 3>4 & 1+ th my tnh s thc hin 1+2 c 3, sau
ti 3>4
35
3.2.1.4 K t c bit (Special Characters)
K hiu Cng dng
[] Khai bo vector hoc ma trn.
() Thc hin php ton u tin, khai bo cc bin v cc ch s ca
vector.
= Thc hin php gn.
Chuyn v ma trn tm lng lin hip ca s phc.
. im chm thp phn.
, Phn bit cc phn t ca ma trn v cc i s trong dng lnh.
; Ngn cch gia cc hng khi khai bo ma trn.
% Thng bo dng ch thch.
! M ca s MS DOS.

3.2.1.5 du :
a) Cng dng:
To vector hoc ma trn ph v lp i lp li cc gi tr.
b) Gii thch:
Khai bo Cng dng
j : k To ra chui j, j+1, j+2,., k-1, k
j : i : k To ra chui j, j+i, j+2I,.,k-i, k
A(: , j) Ch ct th j ca ma trn A
A(i , :) Ch hng th i ca ma trn
A(: , :) Ch ton b ma trn A
A(j , k) Ch phn t A(j), A(j+1)A(k)
A(: , j , k) Ch cc phn t A(:, j), A(:, j+1)A(:, k)
A(:) Ch tt c cc thnh phn ca ma trn A
c) V d:
khi khai bo D = 1 : 10
ta c kt qu:
D = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
36
cn khi khai bo D = 0 : 2 :10
th ta c kt qu:
D = 0 2 4 6 8 10
3.2.2 Nhm lnh lp trnh trong Mathlab
3.2.2.1 Lnh EVAL
a) Cng dng:
Chuyn i chui k t thnh biu thc.
b) C php:
kq = eval(string)
c) Gii thch:
kq: bin cha kt qu.
Nu string l cc k s th chuyn thnh nhng con s.
Nu string l cu lnh th chuyn thnh cc lnh thi hnh c.
d) V d:
a='199999999';
eval(a)+1
ans =
200000000
3.2.2.2 Lnh FOR
a) Cng dng:
Dng thc hin 1 cng vic cn lp i lp li theo mt quy lut, vi s
bc lp xc nh trc.
b) C php:
for bin iu khin = gi tr u : gi tr cui,
thc hin cng vic;
end
c) Gii thch:
Cng vic chnh l cc lnh cn thi hnh, c th c nhiu lnh, kt thc lnh
phi c du;
37
d) V d:
In ra mn hnh 5 dng DINH DUC THO chao cac ban.
for i = 1:5,
disp(DINH DUC THO chao cac ban);
end
DINH DUC THO chao cac ban
3.2.2.3 Lnh FUNCTION
a) Cng dng:
To thm hm mi.
b) C php:
function s = n(x)
c) Gii thch:
s: tn bin cha gi tr tr v sau khi thi hnh hm.
n: tn gi nh.
d) V d: ( phn lp trong M.file)
3.2.2.4 Lnh INPUT
a) Cng dng:
Dng nhp vo 1 gi tr.
b) C php:
tn bin = input (promt)
tn bin = input (promt, s)
c) Gii thch:
tn bin, l ni lu gi tr ngp vo.
promt: chui k t mun nhp vo.
s: cho bit gi tr nhp vo l nhiu k t.
38
d) V d1:
x = input(nhp gi tr ca bin x: )
nhp gi tr ca bin x: 5
x = 5
e) V d2:
tr_li = input(bn c mun tip tc khng ? ,s)
bn c mun tip tc khng ? khng
tr_li = khng
3.2.2.5 Lnh IF ELSEIF ELSE
a) Cng dng:
Thc hin lnh khi tha iu kin.
b) C php:
if biu thc lun l 1
thc hin cng vic 1;
elseif biu thc lun l 2
thc hin cng vic 2;
else
thc hin cng vic 3;
end
c) Gii thch:
Khi biu thc lun k 1 ng th thc hin cng vic 1 tng t cho biu
thc lun l 2. Nu c hai biu thc sai th thc hin cng vic sau lnh else.
Biu thc lun l l cc php so snh ==, <, >, <=, >=
phi c du ;
d) V d:
Vit chng trnh nhp vo 2 s v so snh hai s .
a = input(Nhp a: );
b = input(Nhp b: );
39
if a > b
disp(a ln hn b);
elseif a ==b
disp(a bng b);
else
disp(a nh hn b);
end
nhp a: 4
nhp b: 5
a nh hn b
3.2.2.6 Lnh MENU
a) Cng dng:
To menu chn chc nng.
b) C php:
Tn bin = menu (Tn menu,chc nng1,chc nng2, . , chc nng n)
c) Gii thch:
tn menu: l tiu ca menu.
tn bin: l ni ct gi tr nhn c sau khi chn chc nng ca menu.
Chc nng 1, 2, .,n:khi chn chc nng no th tn bin c gi tr l s th
t ca chc nng .
d) V d:
k = menu(Choose a color, Red, Blue, Green)
---- Choose a color ----
1) Red
2) Blue
3) Green
3.2.2.7 Lnh PAUSE
a) Cng dng:
Dng chng trnh theo mun.
40
b) C php:
pause on
pause off
pause (n)
c) Gii thch:
pause on: dng chng trnh, v ch nhn 1 phm bt k (tr cc phm iu
khin) chng trnh thc hin tip.
pause off: tt chc nng pause.
pause (n): dng chng trnh ti n giy.
d) V d:
for n = 1 : 3;
disp(Press any key to continue)
pause
end
Press any key to continue
3.2.2.8 Lnh WHILE
a) Cng dng:
Dng thc hin 1 cng vic cn lp i lp li theo mt quy lut, vi s
bc lp khng xc nh, ph thuc vo biu thc lun l.
b) C php:
while biu thc lun l
thc hin cng vic;
end
c) Gii thch:
Biu thc lun l l cc php so snh = =, <, >, <=, >=
phi c du ;
41
Khi thc hin xong cng vic th quay ln kim tra li biu thc lun l, nu
vn cn ng th tip tc thc hin, nu sai th kt thc.
d) V d:
tnh tng A = 1+1/2+1/3++1/n
n = input(nhp vo s n );
a = 0; i = 1
while i <= n
a = a + 1/i
i = i + 1;
end
disp(ket qua);
disp(a);
nhap vao so n 3
ket qua
1.8333
3.2.3 Cc hm ton hc c bn
3.2.3.1 Mt s hm lng gic:
a) C php:
kq = hlg(x)
b) Gii thch:
kq: tn bin cha kt qu.
x: n v radian.
hlg: tn hm lng gic.
Tn hm lng gic Gii thch
sin
cos
tan
asin
atan
sinh
cosh
Tanh
Tnh gi tr sine
Tnh gi tr cosine
Tnh gi tr tangent
Nghch o ca sine
Nghch o ca tangent
Tnh gi tr hyperbolic sine
Tnh gi tr hyperbolic cosine
Tnh ga tr hyperbolic tangent
42
3.2.3.2 Lnh ANGLE
a) Cng dng:
Tnh gc pha ca s phc.
b) C php:
p = angle(z)
c) Gii thch:
p: tn bin cha kt qu, n v radians
z: s phc
d) V d:
z = i-3j
z = 0 2.0000i
p = angle(z)
p = -1.5708
3.2.3.3 Lnh CEIL
a) Cng dng:
Lm trn s v pha s nguyn ln hn.
b) C php:
y = ceil(x)
c) Gii thch:
y: s sau khi c lm trn.
x: s cn c lm trn.
d) V d:
x = -1.9000 -0.2000 3.4000 5.6000 7.0000
y = ceil(x)
y = -1 0 4 6 7
3.2.3.4 Lnh CONJ
a) Cng dng:
Tnh lng lin hip ca s phc.
43
b) C php:
y = conj(z)
c) Gii thch:
y: tn bin cha lng lin hip
z: s phc
d) V d:
z = -3i + 2j
z = 0 1.0000i
y = conj(z)
y = 0 + 1.0000i
3.2.3.5 Lnh EXP
a) Cng dng:
Tnh gi tr e
x
.
b) C php:
y = exp(x)
c) V d:
y = exp(x)
y = 20.0855
3.2.3.6 Lnh FIX
a) Cng dng:
Lm trn s v pha zero.
b) C php:
y = fix(x)
c) Gii thch:
y: s sau khi c lm trn.
x: s cn c lm trn.
d) V d:
x = -1.9000 -0.2000 3.4000 5.6000 7.0000
y = fix(x)
y = -1 0 3 5 7
44
3.2.3.7 Lnh FLOOR
a) Cng dng:
Lm trn s v pha s nguyn nh hn.
b) C php:
y = floor(x)
c) Gii thch:
y: s sau khi c lm trn .
x: s cn c lm trn
d) V d:
x = -1.9000 -0.2000 3.4000 5.6000 7.0000
y = floor(x)
y = -2 -1 3 5 7
3.2.3.8 Lnh IMAG
a) Cng dng:
Ly phn o ca s phc.
b) C php:
y = imag(z)
c) V d:
y = imag(2 + 3j)
y = 3
3.2.3.9 Lnh LOG
a) Cng dng:
Tm logarithm c s e.
b) C php:
y = log(x)

d) V d:
y = log(2.718)
y = 0.9999
45
3.2.3.10 Lnh LOG2
a) Cng dng:
Tm logarithm c s 2.
b) C php:
y = log2(x)
d) V d:
y = log2(2)
y = 1
3.2.3.11 Lnh LOG10
a) Cng dng:
Tm logarithm c s 10.
b) C php:
y = log10(x)
d) V d:
y = log10(10)
y = 1
3.2.3.12 Lnh REAL
a) Cng dng:
Ly phn thc ca s phc.
b) C php:
y = real(z)
d) V d:
y = real(1 + 3j)
y = 2

3.2.3.13 Lnh REM
a) Cng dng:
Cho phn d ca php chia.
46
b) C php:
r = rem(a,b)
c) Gii thch:
r: bin cha kt qu
a, b: s chia v s b chia
d) V d:
r = rem(16, 3)
r = 1
3.2.3.14 Lnh ROUND
a) Cng dng:
Lm trn s sao cho gn s nguyn nht.
b) C php:
y = round(x)
c) V d:
x = -1.9000 -0.2000 3.4000 5.6000 7.0000
y = round(x)
y= -2 0 3 6 7
Bng so snh ca cc php lm trn s
X -1.9000 -0.2000 3.4000 5.6000 7.0000
ceil(x) -1 0 4 6 7
floor(x) -2 -1 3 5 7
fix(x) -1 0 3 5 7
round(x) -2 0 3 6 7

3.2.3.15 Lnh SIGN
a) Cng dng:
Xt du s thc.
b) C php:
y = sign(x)
47
c) Gii thch:
x: s thc cn xt du.
y: kt qu tr v.
y x
0 s 0
1 s dng
-1 s m

d) V d:
x = 2 0 -3 0.5
y = sugn(x)
y= 1 0 -1 1
3.2.3.16 Lnh SQRT
a) Cng dng:
Tnh cn bc hai.
b) C php:
y = sqrt(x)
c) V d:
x = 4
y = sqrt(x)
y = 2
3.2.4 Cc php tnh i s
3.2.4.1 Lnh CONV
a) Cng dng:
Nhn hai a thc.
b) C php:
c = conv(a,b)
c) Gii thch:
a,b: a thc
c: tch s ca a,b
Cch khai bo: sp xp bin theo th t gim dn ca ly tha.
48
d) V d:
Nhn hai a thc (3x
2
+4x+5).(2x
3
-3x
2
+2)
a = [0 3 4 5]
a = 0 3 4 5
b = [2 -3 0 2]
b =2 -3 0 2
c = conv(a,b)
c = 0 6 -1 -2 -9 8 10
3.2.4.2 Lnh CUMPROD
a) Cng dng:
Nhn dn cc phn t.
b) C php:
cp = cumprod (a)
c) Gii thch:
cp: bin cha kt qa
a: tn ca ma trn hay vector.
d) V d:
b = 1 9 3 4
cp =cumprod(b)
cp = 1 9 27 108
a =
1 3 5
9 1 2
4 2 1
cp = cumprod(a)
cp = 1 3 5
9 3 10
36 6 10
49
3.2.4.3 Lnh CUMSUM
a) Cng dng:
Cng dn cc phn t.
b) C php:
cs = cumprod(a)
c) Gii thch:
cs: bin cha kt qu.
a: l tn ca ma trn hay vector.
d) V d:
b = 1 10 1 2 5
cs = cumsum(b)
cs =1 11 12 14 19
a=
1 3 5
9 1 2
4 2 1
cs = cumsum(a)
cs =
1 3 5
10 4 7
14 6 8
3.2.4.4 Lnh DECONV
a) Cng dng:
Chia hai a thc.
b) C php:
[q,r] =deconv(a,b)
c) Gii thch:
a,b: a thc.
q: thng s ca a, b.
50
r: s d.
Cch khai bo: sp xp bin theo th t gim dn ca ly tha.
d) V d:
Chia 2 a thc (2x2+3x+6)/(2x+3)
a = [2 3 6]
b = [2 3]
[q,r] = deconv (a,b)
q = 1 0
r = 0 0 6
3.2.4.5 Lnh EXPM
a) Cng dng:
Tnh ex
b) C php:
kq = expm(x)
c) Gii thch:
kq: bincha kt qa.
d) V d:
kq = expm(3)
kq = 20.0855
3.2.4.6 Lnh FMIN
a) Cng dng:
Tm gi tr nh nht ca hm s.
b) C php:
x = fmin(fuction,x1,x2)
c) Gii thch:
x: bin cha kt qu.
fuction: tn hm s.
x1, x2: khong kho st.
51
d) V d:
Tm gi tr nh nht ca hm s: x3-2x-5 trong khong [0 2]
x =fmin(x.^3-2*x-5,0,2);
x = 0.8165
y = f(x)
y = -6.0887
3.2.4.7 Lnh FPLOT
a) Cng dng:
V th ca hm s.
b) C php:
fplot(fun,[xmin,xmax]
c) Gii thch:
fun: tn hm s.
xmin, xmax: xc nh khong cn v.
d) V d:
fplot(x.^3-2*x-5,[0,2]);
grid;
3.2.4.8 Lnh FZERO
a) Cng dng:
Tm im 0 ca hm s.
b) C php:
fzero(fun,x0)
c) Gii thch:
im 0 ca hm s l im (0,x), y cng chnh l nghim ca hm s. Nu
hm s c nhiu nghim th s tm c nghim gn gi tr x0.
fun: tn hm s.
c) V d:
Tm gi tr 0 ca hm s: x2-5x+3.
Trc tin ta khai bo hm s f trong tp tin f.m: (xem thm lnh function)
52
function y = f(x);
y = x.^2-5*x+3;
Sau , to tp tin gt0.m:
x = 0:10;
% Gi tr x0 = 0
z = fzero(f,0);
sprinf(z = %3f,z)
z = 0.382
% Gi tr x0 = 2
z = fzero(f,2);
sprintf(z = %.3f,z)
z = 2.618
% V th hm s minh ha:
z = fzero(f,0);
fplot(f,[0,5];
grid;
hold on;
plot(z,0,o);
hold off
3.2.4.9 Lnh MAX
a) Cng dng:
Tm gi tr ln nht.
b) C php:
m = max(x)
[m,i] = max(x) v = max(x,y)
c) Gii thch:
x,y,v:tn vector.
m: gi tr ln nht.
i: v tr ca m.
53
Nu x l ma trn tm ra gi tr ln nht ca mi ct.
d) V d:
x = 3 5 2 1 4
m= max(x)
m = 5
[m,i] = max(x)
m =5
i =2
y = 1 6 8 -5 3
v =max(x,y)
v = 3 6 8 1 4
b =
3 6 2
1 7 9
2 8 1
m = max(b)
m = 3 8 9
[m,i] = max(b)
m= 3 8 9
i = 1 3 2
a =
0 3 6
7 1 1
4 6 8
v = max(a,b)
v =
3 6 6
7 7 9
4 8 8
54
3.2.4.10 Lnh MEAN
a) Cng dng:
Tm gi tr trung bnh.
b) C php:
M hnh = mean(a)
c) Gii thch:
m: bin cha kt qa.
a: tn vector hay ma trn cn tnh gi tr trung bnh.
Nu a l ma trn th tnh gi tr trung bnh ca mi ct.
d) V d:
b = 1 10 1 2 5
m = mean(b)
m = 3.8000
a =
1 3 5
9 1 2
4 2 1
m = mean(a)
m = 4.6667 2.0000 2.6667
3.2.4.11 Lnh MIN
a) Cng dng:
Tm gi tr nh nht
b) C php:
m = min(x)
[m,i] = min(x)
v = min(x,y)
c) Gii thch:
x,y,v: tn vector.
m: l gi tr ln nht.
55
i: l v tr ca m.
N x l ma trn tm ra gi tr nh nht trong mi ct.
d) V d:
x = 3 5 2 1 4
m = min(x)
m = 1
i =4
y =1 6 8 -5 3
v = min(x,y)
v = 1 5 2 -5 3
b =
3 6 2
1 7 9
2 8 1
m = min(b)
m = 1 6 1
i = 2 1 3
a =
0 3 6
7 1 1
4 6 8
v = min(a,b)
v =
0 3 2
1 1 1
2 6 1
3.2.4.12 Lnh PROD
a) Cng dng: Nhn cc phn t.
56
b) C php:
p = prod(x)
c) Gii thch:
p: bin cha kt qu.
x: tn ma trn hay dy s.
Nu l ma trn nhn tng phn t cu mi ct.
d) V d:
a = 2 3 4 5
p = prod(a)
p = 20
b =
2 2 3
5 6 4
7 5 4
p =prot(b)
p =70 60 48
3.2.4.13 Lnh ROOTS
a) Cng dng:
Tm nghim ca a thc.
b) C php:
r = roots(p)
c) Gii thch:
r: bin cha kt qu.
p: tn biu thc.
d) V d:
Tm nghim cu phng trnh: x
2
-1 =0
p = [1 0 -1]
r = roots(p);
disp(r)
57
-1.0000
1.0000
3.2.4.14 Lnh SORT
a) Cng dng:
Sp xp mng hay ma trn theo th t tng dn.
b) C php:
kq = sort(x)
[kq,i] = sort(x)
c) Gii thch:
kq: bin ch kt qu.
i: s th t cu phn t trc khi sp xp.
Nu x l ma trn th sp xp theo th t tng dn ca tng ct.
d) V d:
a = 2 8 5 6 -3 9
kq = sort(a)
kq = -3 2 5 6 8 9
[kq,i] = sort(a)
kq = -3 2 5 6 8 9
i = 5 1 3 4 2 6
b =
3 4 -4
2 -3 5
1 6 2
kq =sort(b)
kq =
1 -3 -4
2 4 2
3 6 5
[kq,i] = sort(b)
58
kq =
1 -3 -4
2 1 2
3 6 5
i =
3 2 1
2 1 3
1 3 2
3.2.4.15 Lnh SUM
a) Cng dng:
Tnh tng ca cc phn t.
b) C php:
s = sum(x)
c) Gii thch:
s: l bin cha kt qu.
x: l tn ma trn.
Nu x l ma trn th s l tng ca cc ct.
d) V d:
a = 2 8 5 6 -3 9
s = sum(a)
s = 27
b =
3 4 -4
2 -3 5
1 6 2
s = sum(b)
s = 6 7 3
59
3.3 To giao din trong GUIDE/Matlab
3.3.1 To GUIDE bng cng c ha
To GUIDE bng cng c ho: Ta c th to GUIDE bng cng c
ho, khi nhp lnh GUIDE ta gi trnh ho (Graphics User Interface
Development Environment) son tho layout. Kt qu u tin l ta c mt
layout rng sau:

Hnh 3.1 Giao din thit k trn GUIDE
Vic u tin l ta thit k giao din mong mun. Ta s dng chut ko cc
phn t cn dng t bn tri v th vo layout rng bn phi. Ta c th dch
chuyn cc phn t ny cc v tr mong mun v cn chnh bng cng c
Alignment. Vi mi phn t ta cn xc nh thuc tnh cho n bng cch bm
p vo phn t hay bm vo cng c son tho thc tnh
Sau khi thit k xong ta lu n li. Lc ny Matlab t ng to ra file *.fig
dng lu giao din va to v file *.m cha cc m lnh cn thc hin. Vic
cui cng l vit cc m lnh vo file *.m. Trong qu trnh thit k ta c th chy
th xem sau mi bc thit k t yu cu cha bng cch bm vo chy th.
3.3.2 Mt v d v to GUIDE
To chng trnh tnh tng v hiu
60
Ta thit k giao din nh sau:

Hnh 3.2 Giao din sau khi thit k
Nhim v ca bi tp l thit k giao din s dng v vit chng trnh tnh
tng v hiu.
Trc ht ta gi GUIDE v c mt layout rng. Vo property inspector v
ghi vo name chui tinhtonghieu v chp nhn thuc tnh tag ca n l figure1.
Ta dng Edit text nhp s cn tnh tng hoc hiu v hin th kt qu. Ta
vo property inspector ri chn String v xa ht ch trong String ca n. Tip theo
ta dng Push button s dng vi 4 cn s dng: TINH TONG, TINH HIEU,
RESET v THOAT. Ta cng vo property inspector ca Push button thay i tn
cho tng .
Nh vy l ta thit k xong phn giao din s dng vi thuc tnh tag ca
cc Push button ln lt ca tng TINH TONG, TINH HIEU, RESET, THOAT l
61
Push button1, Push button2, Push button3, Push button4. Cng tng t vi cc
Edit text l Edit1, Edit2, Edit3, Edit4.
Nhim v thip theo ca ta l vit chng trnh cho bi tp vo file
tinhtonghieu.m. File ny c Matlab t ng to ra trc. Cng vic ca ta l
thm vo cc m lnh khi ta nhp s vo v nhp chut vo cc TINH
TONG, TINH HIEU, RESET, THOAT th cho ta kt qu nh mun.
Sau y l chng trnh ca bi tp:
function varargout = untitled(varargin)
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, ...
'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ...
'gui_OpeningFcn', @untitled_OpeningFcn, ...
'gui_OutputFcn', @untitled_OutputFcn, ...
'gui_LayoutFcn', [] , ...
'gui_Callback', []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end
if nargout
[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State,
varargin{:});
else
gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
function untitled_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles,
varargin)
handles.output = hObject;
guidata(hObject, handles);
function varargout = untitled_OutputFcn(hObject,
eventdata, handles)
62
varargout{1} = handles.output;
function edit1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
function edit1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'),
get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
end
a=get(handles.edit1,'string'); a=str2num(a);
end
function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
tinhtong(handles)
function tinhtong(handles)
global a b
b=get(handles.edit2,'string'); b=str2num(b);
c=a+b;
set(handles.edit3,'string',num2str(c));
tinhhieu(handles)
function tinhhieu(handles)
63
global a b
b=get(handles.edit2,'string'); b=str2num(b);
d=a-b;
set(handles.edit4,'string',num2str(d));
end
set(handles.edit1, 'String', 0);
function figure1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
close;

64
CHNG 4: TNH TON DY QUN STATOR
NG C KHNG NG B BA PHA
4.1 Trnh t tnh ton
Trnh t tnh ton trong chng trnh ny, p dng cho mt trong cc trng
hp sau:
- Tnh ton li day cun stator ca nhng ng c mt l lch.
- Tnh ton li s liu dy cun stator theo mt s cc chn trc, trong khi
kt cu ban u ca ng c c b tr theo mt gi tr s cc khc.
- Tnh ton 2 b dy cun b tr chung trong cng mt li thp ng c c
kh nng vn hnh c 2 cp tc ( tng ng vi 2 gi tr 2p khc nhau).
kho st, ta trnh by tng bc tnh ton nh sau:
4.1.1 Xc nh cc tham s cn thit cho vic tnh ton
Ta c 3 loi tham s cn xc nh:
- Kch thc li thp.
- iu kin thng gi, gii nhit, cp cch in.
- S ra dy, u dy v in p vn hnh.
* Cc tham s lin h v kch thc li thp stator gm c (xem hnh 4.1).
- ng knh trong li thp stator D
t
.
- B dy li thp stator L.
- B dy gng li thp stator g
b

- B dy rng stator
r
b
.
- Tng s rng stator Z.

65

Hnh 4.1: Cc kch thc ca li thp stator.
- Hnh dng v kch thc rnh: ta c 2 dng rnh thng gp l hnh thang
hay qu l (ovalle) (xem hnh 4.2)
Trong nhng ng c c cp cng sut ln, li thp stator chia thnh nhiu
xp, ngn cch gia mi xp l mt khong trng, ta gi khong trng ny l rnh
thng gi hng knh; b dy ca khong thng gi hng knh l g
l
. Nu
1
L
l
b dy li thp c lun c cc rnh thng gi hng knh, b dy thc ca li thp
dng tnh ton l =
1
L L (Tng b dy cc rnh hng knh).

Rnh hnh thang Rnh qu l
Hnh 4.2: Hnh dng v kch thc ca cc loi rnh stator thng thng.
66
* Cc tham s v s ra dy v u dy cho ng c thng thuc vo
mt trong cc trng hp sau y:
- Dng ra 6 u: u Y hay ( hnh 4.3).
- Dng ra 9 u: u Y ni tip hay Y song song.
- Dng ra 9 u: u ni tip hay song song.
- Dng ra 12 u: u vn hnh theo 1 trong 4 cch : Y ni tip, ni tip, Y
song song hay song song.

Phng php nh s 6 u ra dy u vn hnh trng thi sao

u vn hnh trng thi tam gic
Hnh 4.3: S ra dy v u vn hnh ng c ra 6 u
Trong hnh 4.3; 4.4; 4.5 v 4.6, ta gi in p nh mc trn mi pha dy
cun l
mpha
U

67
Vi trng hp ng c ra u 6 dy, du hay Y, ta gi in p gia 2
trong 3 dy ngun cung cp vn hnh cho ng c l
dY
U
(khi vn hnh Y) v
A d
U

( khi vn hnh )
Ta c:
mpha d dY
U U U 3 3 = =
A
(4.1)
mpha d
U U =
A
(4.2)
Trng hp ng c ra 9 u, u vn hnh Y ni tip, Y song song, gi:
dY
U
: in p dy ca ngun 3 pha cung cp cho ng c ( khi ng c
u Y ni tip).
Y dY
U
//
: in p dy ca ngun 3 pha cung cp cho ng c ( khi ng
c du Y song song).
Ta c quan h:
mpha dY
U U . 3 =
mpha
U U
Y dY
.
2
3
//
=
(4.3)
Nn
Y dY dY
U U
//
2 =
(4.4)

Phng php nh s 9 u ra dy u vn hnh trng thi sao ni tip
68

u vn hnh trng thi sao song song
Hnh 4.4: S ra dy v u vn hnh ng c 9 u dy (dng Y-Y//Y)
Trng hp ng c ra 9 u, u vn hnh ni tip, song song, gi:
A d
U
: in p dy ngun 3 pha cung cp cho ng c ( khi ng c u ni
tip).
A A // d
U
: in p dy ngun 3 pha cung cp cho ng c (khi ng c u song
song)
Ta c quan h:
mpha d
U U =
A
mpha d
U U
2
1
//
=
A A (4.5)
A A A
=
//
2
d d
U U
(4.6)
P
hng php nh s 9 u ra dy u vn hnh trng thi tam gic ni tip
69

u vn hnh trng thi tam gic song song
Hnh 4.5: S ra dy v u vn hnh ng c ra 9 u dy (dng -//)
Cc quan h gia
mpha
U
vi cc cp in p ngun 3 pha a vo vn hnh
ng c 12 u trn mi cch u p dng cc cng thc t (4.1) n (4.6) tng t
nh 3 trng hp nu trn.

Phng php nh s cc u dy ra u vn hnh sao ni tip

u vn hnh tam gic song song u vn hnh sao song song
70

u vn hnh tam gic song song
Hnh 4.6: S ra dy v u vn hnh ng c dng ra 12 u dy.
4.1.2 Phng nh s cc 2p thch ng kt cu li thp ng c
Gi
min
2 p l s cc nh nht ( thch hp kt cu sn c ca stator)
min
2 p
= (0,4 n 0,5).
g
t
b
D
(4.7)
Khi tnh ton gi tr
min
2 p
theo (4.7), kt cu nhn c c th ri vo
mt trong 3 trng hp sau y:
Khi gi s trn trc s thc ta nh v cc gi tr nguyn chn cho 2p, sau
dung 3 th d m t cho 3 trng hp ni trn.
TH D 1:
Cho li thp stator c mm D
t
90 = v b dy gng l mm b
g
10 = suy ra:
5 , 4 6 , 3
10
90
). 5 , 0 4 , 0 ( 2
min
= = p

71
Khong gi tr ca
min
2 p
bao hm gi tr 2p = 4; do ta chn 2p = 4 cho
trng hp ny.
TH D 2:
t
90 = v b dy gng l
mm b
g
5 , 13 =
suy ra:
3 , 3 7 , 2
5 , 13
90
). 5 , 0 4 , 0 ( 2
min
= = p

Khong gi tr ca
min
2 p
nm v tr gia 2 gi tr 2p = 2 v 2p = 4, nh
vy trong trng hp ca th d ny, ta c th chn 2p = 2 hay 2p = 4 cho vic tnh
ton.
TH D 3:
t
90 = v b dy gng l
mm b
g
12 =

Suy ra:
75 , 3 3
12
90
). 5 , 0 4 , 0 ( 2
min
= = p

Khong gi tr
min
2 p
nm gn gi tr 2p = 4, nn chn tr s cc thch ng
cho li thp stator l 2p = 4
72
4.1.3 Lp biu thc quan h gia t thng qua mt cc t () v mt t thng
qua khe h khng kh (

B
)
u = o
o
.( . L).
B
(4.8)
Trong :
o
o:
h s cung cc t thuc dng t trng phn b di mi bc cc t,
ng thi ph thuc s bo ha ca li thp.
Khi tnh ton s b chn :
o
o
= 0,7 n

0,715 (4.9)
V n v o dng trong (2.8) ta c |u| = |Wb|
| | = |L| = |m|; |

B
| = |T|
p
D
t
2
H
=
(4.10)
: l bc cc t
( .L) : din tch mt cc t.
* Ti 4.1.3, ta ch cn th , L vo o
o
vo (4.8) nh ln ca u gp
bao nhiu ln ca
B
l .
4.1.4 Xc nh quan h gia mt t thng qua gng li thp stator (Bg) v mt
t thng qua khe h khng kh (

B
)
Vi kt cu li thp ng c khng ng b, ng sc t thng qua mch t
phi khp kn, do t thng qua gng ch bng na s lng t thng mt cc t
( hnh 4.7)
73

Hnh 4.7: Phn b ng sc t thng qua mch t ng c (tng ng 2p = 4)
Theo l thuyt in t:

Trng hp t thng xuyn qua in tch cc i (xem hnh 4.8)
Suy ra :
( )
g g
B L b . .
2
=
u
hay
c g
g
k L b
B
) . ( 2
u
=
(4.11)
Trong : n v o: |u| = |Wb|; |b
g
| = |L| = |m| ; |B
g
| = |T|
k
c
: h s p cht ca li thp stator , thng k
c
= 0,93 0,95.
Ngoi ra ta c th bin i (4.11) thnh dng sau:
B
k b p
D
B
k b k L b
B L
B
c g
t
c g c g
g
|
|
.
|
\
|
H
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
= =
. 2 . 2
.
. 2
.
) . ( 2
) . (

Tm li:
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
| H
=
p
B
b
D
k
B
g
t
c
g
2 2

(4.12)
Trong 4.1.4 thay th cc kch thc li thp tm quan h gia
g
B v B
(tm s ln ln hn gia
g
B v B ).
74

Hnh 4.8: Phn b ng sc t thng trn gng stator.
4.1.5 Xc nh quan h gia mt t thng qua rng stator (B
r
) v mt t
thng qua khe h khng kh ( B )

Hnh 4.9: Phn b ng sc t thng trn 1 rng stator.
Trong hnh (4.9) ta xt phn b t thng trong 1 rng stator nu t thng qua
rng bo ton, tc l t thng chn rng v u rng bng nhau, ta c:
T thng / qua chn rng = (b
r.
L. k
c
) B
r
(4.13)
T thng / qua u rng =(t
r. L.
k
c
)
.
B
r
(4.14)
Cn bng (4.13) v (4.14) ta suy ra

(br. L. kc) Br = (t
r
. L.kc). B

Hay:

B
b
t
B
r
r
r
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
(4.15)
V t
r
: bc rng stator, c xc nh theo D
t
v Z nh sau:
75

Z
D
t
t
r

=
(4.16)
Tm li :
B
b Z
D
B
r
t
r
|
|
.
|
\
| H
=
.
(4.17)
Tng t, nh bc 3 v bc 4 ta th kch thc li thp vo ( 4.17)
nh quan h
r
B vi B .
4.1.6 Lp bng quan h gia mt t thng qua khe h khng kh, mt t
thng qua gng li thp stator v mt t thng qua rng stator
Hnh thc ca bng c thnh lp nh sau:
B
(T)

B
g (T)

B
r(T)

xy dng bng s ny ta chn ty gi tr B
,
cn

c theo (4.12) v
(4.17) tnh ra B
g
v B
r
tng ng vi tr s B

va chn.
Thay i B

ta xc nh c cc gi tr khc cho B
g
v B
r
tng ng.
d dng cho vic lp bng s, ta cn c vo cc gi tr ti a cho php
ca B
r
v B
g
trnh hin tng pht sng cc b xy ra trn li thp do hin tng
bo ha tng phn trn li thp ng c.
Ta c th tham kho mt vi bng s sau y:
BNG 1: Gi tr cho php B
g
theo cp cng sut P
m
.
P
m
(kW) Ln hn
100KW
10KW n
100KW
1 KW n
10KW
Nh di 1KW
B
r
(T) 1,3 n 1,5 1,2 n 1,5 1,1 n 1,5 1 n 1,4

BNG 2: Gi tr cho php B
r
theo cp cng sut P
m
.
P
m
(KW) Ln hn 100KW 10KW n
100KW
1KW n 10KW Nh di 1KW
B
r
(T) 1,8 n 2 1,4 n 1,8 1,4 n 1,6 1,3 n 1,5

76
Trong bc ny cn c theo gii hn ti a cho php ca B
r
v B
g
tm mt
gi tr ca B sao cho hai gi tr B
r
v B
g
khng c vt qu gii hn ti a.
Sau khi chn B ta tnh chnh xc tr s t thng u theo tr s B va chn.
4.1.7 Chn kt cu cho dy cun v tnh h s dy qun k
dq

4.1.7.1 Tnh h s dy qun k
dq

a) Trng hp q nguyn
- Theo l thuyt my in, tng qut trong trng hp q nguyn, biu thc
xc nh h s dy qun l:
0
sin .
2
. . sin .90
.sin
2
d
qd r n
d
q
y
k k k
q

( | |
| (
( | |
\ .
( = =
| (
| |
\ . (
|
(
\ .
(3.18)
Trong : k
r
: h s qun ri,
sin .
2
.sin
2
d
r
d
q
k
q
( | |
| (
\ .
( =
| |
(
|
(
\ .

k
n
: h s bc ngn,
0
sin .90
n
y
k
( | |
=
| (
\ .

- Vi trng hp dy qun bc y = ta c k
n
= 1.
- Vi nhng kiu dy qun 1 lp q nguyn, nu c th qui v dng ng
khun (hay ng tm) tp trung th tt c cc kiu dy qun ny u l loi dy
qun bc v k
n
= 1.
Lc , h s dy qun ca cc dng dy qun 1 lp l:

sin .
2
.sin
2
d
qd
d
q
k
q
( | |
| (
\ .
( =
| |
(
|
(
\ .
(4.19)
- Trong trng hp dy qun 2 lp, q nguyn, h s dy qun c tnh theo
biu thc (3.18) trong trng hp y khc (v nu y = th lc ny dy qun 2 lp
cng ch l dng 1 lp)
77
b. Trng hp q phn s.
Khi dy qun phn b theo Clment ta lp bng Pistoye kim tra tnh i
xng ca 3 pha dy qun v nh h s dy qun.
Phng php Pistoye (kim tra tnh i xng 3 pha v nh h s dy qun)
Bc 1:
- Sau khi lp c bng phn b rnh cho 3 pha theo Clment cn c gi
tr ca , ta nh ra mt s nguyn n b nht sao cho tch s (n. ) cng l s
nguyn.
iu ny thc hin d dng khi khng nguyn, ta ghi di dng phn
s:
m
n
= vi
m
n
l phn s ti gin; m, n l cc s nguyn.
- Lp bng Pistoye gm c m ct, v s hng tng ng s 2p.
Trn bng Pistoye 2 ct cch nhau mt khong n tng ng khong gia 2
rnh thc hin trn Stator.
Gi gc lch gia 2 ct lin tip trn bng Pistoye l ta c
d
n
= .
nh s th t cho cc ct trn bng, cn c theo tnh cht nu trn ta tm ra
v tr ca cc rnh thc hin trn Stao tng ng ci cc ct trn bng.
Da theo bng phn b rnh Clment, ta sp xp cc cnh tc dng ca 3 pha
ln bng Pistoye.
V d:
Vi Z = 30; 2p = 4 ta c = 7.5 rnh/1 bc cc.
Trong bc 1 ca phng php dng bng Pistoye, ta ghi li:
15
7.5
2
= = vy m = 15 v n = 2.
Do , bng 2 c 15 ct, khong cch 2 ct trn bng l n = 2 cho ta khong
cch gia 2 rnh thc trn Stator.
Vi
0
24
d
= , gc lch gia 2 ct lin tip trn bng Pistoye c gi tr l:
0
0
24
12
2
d
n
= = = in.
78
Ta nh v cc rnh trn ct, theo tng bc cc trn bng Pistoye nh sau:
Hnh 4.10: Bng Pistoye thnh lp s b.

Trn hnh 4.10, trn bc cc 1 chn ct 1 ca bng tng ng v tr ca mt
rnh thc Stator, vi n = 2 ti ct 3 l v tr rnh thc k tip. Khi nh du n ct
15 trn hng bc cc 1, rnh thc k tip nh du cho bc cc th nh s ct
2, vy trn bc cc th 2 (hng di ca hng bc cc) ta s bt u nh du
trn ct 2 cho v tr mt rnh thc, v tip tc ng tc cho cc bc cc cn li.
Cn c theo bng phn b rnh theo Clment, ta in v tr cc cnh tc dng
3 pha trn bng Pistoye nh hnh sau:

Hnh 4.11: Bng phn b cnh tc dng cho 3 pha trn bng Pistoye.
79
Bc 2:
- Trn bng Pistoye, ta phn vng cho 3 pha, sau nh trc i xng trn
mi pha. Ta cng nhn cc quy tc sau:
* Trc i xng ca mi pha l ng thng chia cc cnh tc dng ca mi
pha trn bng thnh hai nhm, s cnh tc dng trong mi nhm ny phi bng
nhau.
* Trc i xng cn cn thm cc tnh cht sau: trn mi vng pha sau khi
phn thnh hai nhm, tng ng vi bt k mt cnh tc dng no chn trong
mt nhm s cho mt cnh tc dng khc tng ng nhm cn li, khong cch
n trc i xng ca mi cnh tc dng trn phi bng nhau.
* Ta xc nh s loi cp cnh tc dng i xng ca mi pha.
- Kim tra tnh i xng ca mi pha trn bng Pistoye.
B dy 3 pha c tnh i xng (lch pha tng i 120
0
trong khng gian) khi
ta tm c cc tnh cht sau trn bng:
* S lng cp cnh tc dng qua trc mi pha c gi tr ging nhau.
* Khong cch gia tng cp trc i xng mi pha lch nhau ng 600 in
trn bng Pistoye.
0
60

Hnh 4.12: Xt tnh i xng ca 3 pha trn bng Pistoye.
80
Trn hnh 4.12, trc i xng ca pha A nm gia ct 2 v 3; trc i xng
ca pha C nm gia ct 7 v 8; trc i xng ca pha B nm gia ct 12 v 13.
Khong cch gia cc trc l 5 ct tng ng
0 0
5 5.12 60 = = in.
Vy trn bng Pistoye, hai trc i xng ca 2 pha lin tip nhau lch 60
0

in, ta kt lun 3 pha i xng.
Ti mi pha theo v d trn ta c 10 cnh tc dng phn b nh sau:
- 2 cp cnh tc dng cch trc i xng
0
6
2
= in
0
3
18
2
= in
0
5
30
2
= in
Bc 3:- T s cp cnh tc dng cch trc i xng cc gc in khc nhau, ta suy
ra h s dy qun.
Vi v d trn ta tnh h s dy qun nh sau (s dy qun 1 lp phn b
theo Clment).
0 0 0
2.2 os6 2.2 os18 1.2 os30
0.9511
10
dq
c c c
k
+ +
= =
- Nu dng phn Clment b tr dng 2 lp, lc h s dy qun 1 lp tnh
theo Pistoye ta xem l h s qun ri. Nh vy, mun tnh h s dy qun ca dy
qun 2 lp ta phi nh thm h s bc ngn.
4.1.7.2 Chn kt cu dy qun.
a) Trng hp dy qun 1 lp, q nguyn.
Tng s bi dy cho c 3 pha lun lun bng
2
z
bi dy.
Tng s bi dy cha trong mi pha lun lun bng
6 3
1
.
2
z z
=
bi dy/pha.
T hai nhn xt trn, iu kin mt ng c ba pha b tr c dy qun 1
lp vi q nguyn l tng s rnh Z phi l bi ca s 6.
81
Ngoi ra mun bc cc t c gi tr nguyn ta cn c ti thiu =3 q
c gi tr nguyn, trng hp tng qut ta phi c =
p
z
2
=3k (trong k l gi tr
nguyn ty ).
Tn li iu kin b tr dy qun 1 lp, tng ng vi 1 s cc t 2p nh
trc ta cn c Z=6p.k ( N k e ).
Khi dng dy qun 1 lp dng tp trung, tng s nhm bi dy trong mi pha
lun lun bng p.
Trng hp dng dy qun 1 lp dng phn tn, tng s nhm bi dy trong
mi pha lun lun bng 2p.
Nh vy, khi lin kt cc nhm trong mt pha (bng phng php u ni
tip) vi dy qun tp chung 1 lp ta dng cch lien kt cc gi, vi dy qun phn
tn 1 lp ta dng cch lien kt cc tht.
Khi dng dy qun 1 lp dng tp trung, mi nhm bi dy s cha q bi dy
trong mt nhm.
Khi dng dy qun 1 lp dng phn tn, ta c 2 trng hp:
Trng hp q chn, mi nhm cha
2
q
bi dy trong 1 nhm.
Trng hp q l, mi pha cha p nhm bi vi mi nhm c
2
1 q
bi dy
v p nhm bi khc vi mi nhm c
2
1 + q
bi dy.
Trong dy qun ng khun dng mc xch, bc bi dy lun lun c gi
tr l. Vi l th y= , khi chn th y=( -1).
b) Trng hp dy qun 2 lp, q nguyn:
Tng s bi dy cho c 3 pha lun bng Z bi dy.
Tng s bi dy cha trong mi pha lun lun bng
3
z
bi dy/pha.
Tng s nhm bi dy cha trong 1 pha lun lun bng 2p.
82
Nh vy khi lin kt cc nhm bi dy theo dng ni tip ta phi lin kt cc
nhm bng cch du cc tht.
Theo cc nhn xt trn, iu kin b tr dy qun 2 lp tng ng vi 1 s
cc tht 2p nh trc ta cn c Z=p.k ( N k e ) t q l s nguyn.
Trong dy qun 2 lp, mi nhm bi dy lun lun cha q bi dy trong
nhm.
4.1.8 Xc nh tng s vng cho mi pha dy cun
+ Gi N
pha
: tng s vng ca mi pha dy cun.
+ k
E
t s gia in p ngun nhp vo mi pha dy cun so vi sc in
ng cm ng trn b dy ca mi pha.
+ U
Pha
: in p nh mc cho mi pha.
Ta c :

dq s
mpha E
pha
k f K
U K
N
. . . . 4
.
u
=

Trong : [U
mpha
] = [V]
[f] = [Hz]; [u] = [Wb]
[N
Pha
] = [vng/ pha]
K
s
: h s dng sng t trng trong khe h khng kh ng c, i vi cc
php tnh dy cun trong ng c 3 pha, vi
= 0,7 n 0,715 th k
s
= 1,07 n
1,09.
Thng thng k
E
ph thuc cp cng sut ca ng c v thng c cho
theo quan h ca din tch mt cc t ( .L), xem bng 3.
BNG 3: Quan h gia k
E
v din tch mt cc t ( L . )
) ( .
2
cm L
15 n 50 50 n 100 100 n 150 150 n 400 Trn 400
k
E
0,75 n 0,86 0,86 n 0,9 0,9 n 0,93 0,93 n 0,95 0,96 n 0,97

Khi tnh xong N
Pha
, iu chnh trn s, sao cho N
Pha
l bi s ca tng s bi
dy cha trong mt pha v N
Pha
l gi tr nguyn.
Cui cng, xc nh s vng mi bi dy trong pha N
b
, ta c:
83
pha tongsoboi
N
N
pha
b
/
=
(4.20)
4.1.9 Xc nh tit din rnh stator, chn h s lp y k
ld
cho rnh, suy ra
ng knh dy qun (d) khng lp men
- Vi cc dng rnh trong hnh 4.2, ta c cng thc tit din rnh Sr nh sau:
- Vi rnh hnh thang: h
d d
Sr |
.
|
\
| +
=
2
2 1
(4.21)
- Vi rnh hnh qu l (ovanlle) ta c tit din Sr nh sau:
|
|
.
|
\
|
H
+ |
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
| +
=
8 2
2
2
2 1
2
2
d d
h
d d
Sr (4.22)
- Theo l thuyt thit k my in, h s lp y k
l
c nh ngha nh sau:
(4.23)
Ta c th biu din mt dng khc cho k
ld
nh sau:
Sr
S N u n
k
cd b r
l
.
. .
=
(4.24)
Trong :
n: s si chp
u
r
: s cnh tc dng cha trong mt rnh.
S
cd
: tit din 1 si dy k c cch in.
n v o [S
cd
] = [S
r
] = [
2
mm ].
Vi dy cun 1 lp u
r
= 1; khi dng dy cun 2 lp u
r
= 2.
Trong bng 4 cho php tham kho mt s khong gi tr ca h s lp y k
ld
BNG 4: Mt s tiu chun h s lp y k
ld
.
Hnh dng rnh Loi dy cun k
ld
2 lp 0,33 n 0,40 Hnh thang hay hnh ch
nht 1 lp 0,36 n 0,43
2 lp 0,36 n 0,43 Hnh qu l
1 lp

0,33 n 0,48

84
T (4.23) ta suy ra
b r
r ld
cd
N u n
S k
S
. .
.
=
(4.25)
Vi dy dn c tit din trn, gi d
cd
l ng knh mt dy dn k c lp v
bc, ta c:
cd cd cd
S S d 13 , 1 128 , 1 ~ =

(4.26)
Khi tm c d
cd
ta suy ra ng knh dy trn khng lp mem bc l d, vi:
d = d
cd
0,05mm (4.27)
Sau iu chnh tr s d ng gi tr tiu chun, khi d ta lm thay i k
ld
, nn cn nhc khng thay i gi tr k
l
qu mc chn ban u.
4.1.10 Chn mt dng in J v suy ra dng in nh mc (I
mpha
) qua mi
pha dy cun
- u tin ta tham kho mt s bng tiu chun cho php ca J nh sau:
BNG 5: Quan h gia J theo cng sut nh mc P
m.
P
m
[KW] Ln hn
100KW
10 KW n
100KW
1KW n
10KW
Nh hn 10KW
J {A/
2
mm }
3 n 5 4 n 4,5 5 n 6 6 n 8

BNG 6: Quan h gia J theo kiu thng gi v cp cng sut nh mc (P
m
) ca
ng c.
Kiu ng c P
m
{KW}
J {A/
2
mm }
Kn khng thng gi 0,1 n 10 2 n 3
Kn c thng gi 0,1 n 100 3 n 4
Thng gi bnh thng 0,1 n 100 4 n 6
Thng gi cng bc 1 n 100 6 n 8

P
m
[KW]
Kiu ng c 1 n 10 10 n 50 50 n 100
Kiu h thng gi
dc
6 n 6,5 A/
2
mm 5,5 n 6,5 A/
2
mm 5 n 6 A/
2
mm
Kiu kn thi gi
dc
4,5 n 5 A/
2
mm 4,5 n 5 A/
2
mm
3,5 n 4,5
A/
2
mm

85
Theo mt s ti liu thit k, khi ng c dng cch in cp A v ch to
theo mc ch thng thng (khng thuc dng chuyn dng), ta c quan h gia
P
m
v J cho trong bng 7.
- Tuy nhin, i vi ng c c cp cng sut trung bnh, khng ch n
kt cu thng gi m ch n cp cch in, ta c th chn J theo cp cch in
nh sau:
J = 5,5 n 6,5 A/
2
mm (cp A)
J = 6,5 n 7,5 A/
2
mm ( cp B)
- Sau khi chn J ta nh dng in nh mc qua mi pha dy cun theo mt
dng nh sau: J
d
I
mpha
|
|
.
|
\
| H
=
4
.
2
(4.28)
Trong : [J] = [A/
2
mm ]
[I
mpha]
= [A]
BNG 7: Quan h gia P
m
v J ( cp cch in A)
P
mpha
[KW]
J [A/
2
mm ]
Nh di 4 KW 4,5 n 5,5
4 n 22 4,5 n 5,5
22 n 110 4 n 5
110 n 120 4 n 5
220 n 380 4

4.1.11 Da theo hiu sut ng c () v h s cng sut (cos) xc nh cng
sut nh mc (P
m
) cho ng c
P
m
= 3U
mpha
I
mpha.
. Cos
Trong :
[U
mpha
] = [ V]
[U
mpha
] = [A]
[P
m
] = [W]
86
BNG 8: Quan h hiu sut , h s cng sut cos theo cng sut nh mc P
m
(HP) (dng in I
mpha
tnh theo b dy u A/Y vi in p ngun nh mc
220V/380V.
P
m
[HP] 2p % cos I
mpha
(A)
2 79 0,85 1,69
4 77 0,79 1,87
6 77 0,71 2,08

1
8 75 0,69 2,20
2 80 0,90 3,16
4 80 0,84 3,38
6 79 0,75 3,84

2
8 76 0,68 4,40
2 92 0,92 4,52
4 82 0,85 4,89
6 81 0,76 5,54

3
8 81 0,68 6,20
2 82 0,92 7,53
4 82 0,88 7,87
6 82 0,80 8,66

5
8 81 0,74 9,48

m

(HP) (dng in I
mpha
tnh theo b dy u
P
m
[HP] 2p % cos I
mpha
(A)
2 82 0,93 11,18
4 82 0,90 11,54
6 82 0,83 12,52

7
1/2
8 81 0,79 13,32
2 82 0,93 14,90

4 82 0,90 15,40
87
6 82 0,85 16,30
10
8 82 0,80 17,32
2 83 0,93 22,35
4 83 0,91 22,56
6 83 0,88 23,34

15
8 83 0,82 25,04
2 84 0,93 29,09
4 84 0,91 29,73
6 84 0,88 30,74

20
8 84 0,83 32,60

m

(HP) (dng in I
mpha
220V/380V.)
P
m
[HP] 2p % cos I
mpha
(A)
2 85 0,93 35,94
4 85 0,92 35,94
6 85 0,90 37,14

25
8 85 0,84 39,78
2 86 0,93 42,62
4 86 0,92 43,08
6 86 0,90 44,04

30
8 85 0,85 47,18
2 86 0,93 56,83
4 86 0,93 56,83
6 86 0,91 58,08

40
8 85 0,87 61,47
2 86 0,93 71,04
4 86 0,93 71,04
6 86 0,90 73,41

50
8 85 0,87 78,83
88
m

(HP) (dng in I
mpha
220V/380V.)

P
m
[HP] 2p % cos I
mpha
(A)
2 87 0,93 105,34
4 87 0,93 105,34
6 87 0,91 107,65

75
8 86 0,89 111,35
2 87 0,93 140,45
4 87 0,93 140,45
6 87 0,91 143,53

100
8 86 0,89 148,47

m

(HP) (dng in I
mpha
220V/380V.)
P
m
[KW] 2p % cos I
mpha
(A)
0,4 6 68 0,65 1,37
4 72 0,76 1,66
0,6 6 70 0,68 1,91
2 78 0,86 1,81
4 74,5 0,78 2,1 0,8
6 73 0,71 2,34
3 79,5 0,87 2,41
4 78 0,80 2,67 1,1
6 76 0,73 3
2 80,5 0,88 3,21
4 80 0,81 3,51 1,5
6 79 0,75 3,84
2 83 0,89 4,51
4 82,5 0,83 4,87
6 81 0,77 5,34

2,2
8 81 0,69 5,96
89
m

(HP) (dng in I
mpha
220V/380V.)
P
m
[KW] 2p % cos I
mpha
(A)
2 84,5 0,89 6,04
4 83,5 0,84 6,48
6 83 0,78 7,02
3
8 81,5 0,70 7,97
2 85,5 0,89 7,96
4 86 0,85 8,29
6 84,5 0,79 9,08
4
8 84 0,71 10,16
2 87 0,90 10,64
4 88 0,86 11,01
6 85,5 0,81 12,03
5,5
8 85 0,72 13,62
2 88 0,91 14,19
4 88,5 0,87 14,76
6 87 0,82 15,93
7,5
8 86,5 0,81 16,22

90
m

(kW) (dng in I
mpha
220V/380V.)
P
m
[KW] 2p % cos I
mpha
(A)
2 88 0,89 19,34
4 89 0,88 19,34
6 88 0,89 19,34

10
8 87,5 0,83 20,86
2 88,5 0,90 24,73
4 88,5 0,89 25
6 88 0,89 25,15

13
8 89 0,84 26,35
2 87 0,90 32,9
4 89 0,89 32,52
6 90 0,90 31,8

17
8 89,5 0,85 33,86
2 88 0,90 42,09
4 90 0,9 41,15
6 90,5 0,9 40,92

22
8 90,5 0,85 43,33
2 89 0,9 58,75
4 91 0,91 54,89
6 91 0,91 54,89

30
8 91 0,88 56,76
2 89 0,91 74,83
4 91,5 0,91 72,78
6 91,5 0,91 72,78

40
8 91,5 0,88 75,27

91
4.1.12 Xc nh chu vi khun (CV) v khi lng dy cun (W
dy
)
Mun xc nh chu vi khun, u tin ta nh h s k
L
, b di phn u ni bi dy,
tnh gia hai rnh lin tip

Hnh 4.13: B di u ni bi dy tnh ga 2 rnh lin tip
Z
h D
K
r t
L
) ( . + H
=

(4.29)
Trong : [D
t
] = [h
r
] = [K
L
] = [mm]
: h s dn di u ni, ph thuc s cc 2p (bng 10)
- Sau khi tnh xong K
L
, ta suy ra chu vi khun CV theo h thc:
CV = 2(K
L
.y + L) (4.30)
L
'
L
y

Hnh 4.14: Hnh v m t cng thc xc nh chu vi khun
92
BNG 10: Quan h 2p theo
2p

2 1,27 n 1,3
4 1,33 n 1,35
6 1,5
8 v ln hn 8 1,7

Trong cng thc (4.30)
y: l bc ni dy
L: b dy tc dng lng vo rnh c tnh thm phn cch in lt d 2
pha, theo cng ngh cun dy ta c th tnh L theo b dy L ca li thp nh sau:
L = L + (5mm 10mm) (4.31)
Khi tnh xong, ta chnh trn s chu vi cho khung CV n n v cm.
- Cn c theo chu vi, tng s vng ca mi bi ta tnh ra tng b di
cho mi pha dy cun (L
pha
)
L
pha
= CV. N
b
. (Tng s bi/1 pha) (4.32)
T , ta nh ra khi lng dy cun cho b dy 3 pha, vi dy cun bng
ng v d phng 10% sai s d cho thi cng.
4
2
3
10
4
3 ) / 9 , 8 ( 1 , 1

H
=
d
L dm kg W
pha day (4.33)
Trong : [W
day
] = [k
g
]; [L
pha
] = [dm]; [d] = [mm]
4.2.Th d tnh ton mu.
n gin, trong cc th d tnh ton di y ta cho h s p cht k
c
=1
Cho mt ng c 3 pha, loi ni a Nht Bn, c bng l lch nh sau:
FUJI ELECTRIC CO - LTD
3 PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR 750-4
7 1412 TYPE MLA 1085A
OUTPUT:750W POLES:4 RULE JIS C4210
Hz 50 60 60 FRAME 80
VOLTS 200 3,3 3,2 RATING CONT
AMPS 3,6 3,3 3,2 NSUL E ROTOR C
RPM 1420 1705 1720 BRG DS 6204ZZ
CODE H G J BRG ADL 6203ZZ
SER N 5853 107 D1 Y 0639
Kch thc li thp ghi nhn nh sau:
93
ng knh trong D
t
= 80mm
B dy li thp L = 65mm
B dy gng b
g
=12mm
B dy rng b
r
=3,5mm
Tng s rnh Z = 36
Rnh hnh qu l c kch thc ghi nhn nh trn. Hy tnh ton s liu dy
cun vn hnh ng c vi cch u Y/ A: 380V/220V
BC 1: S liu cn phi ly ghi r u th d.
BC 2: Tnh ton kim tra 2p, ta c:
3 , 3 67 , 2
12
80
) 5 , 0 4 , 0 ( ) 5 , 0 4 , 0 ( 2
min
= = =
g
t
b
D
P
Khong gi tr 2p nm khu vc gia hai gi tr 2p = 2 v 2p = 4, ta c th
chn 2p =2 hay 2p = 4 ty yu cu.
Gi s chn 2p = 4 theo bng l lch ca ng c.
BC 3: Quan h gia t thng u v B
Bc cc:
cm
p
Dt
83 , 62
4
80
2
= =
H
=

T thng B B L ) 10 . 5 , 6 )( 10 . 283 , 6 ( 7 , 0 ) . (
2 2
= = u
B . 10 588 , 28
4
= u
BC 4: Quan h gia t thng u v B
B
B
k L b
B
e g
8326 , 1
) 10 . 5 , 6 . 2 , 1 ( 2
10 . 588 , 28
). ( 2
4
4
.
= =
u
=

BC 5: Quan h gia B
r
v B
B B B
ZB
D
B
r
t
r
9946 , 1
5 , 3 . 36
80 . .
=
H
=
|
|
.
|
\
| H
=
BC 6: Lp bng s quan h gia B , B
g
v B
r
T cc bc 4 v 6 ta c cc quan h B
g
= 1,8326 B
B
r
= 1,9946 B
Chn ty gi tr cho B ta suy ra cc gi tr B
g
v B
r
nh sau:
94
B (T) 0,68 0,69 0,7 0,71 0,72 0,73 0,74 0,75
B
g
(T) 1,246 1,246 1,283 1,301 1,319 1,337 1,356 1,374
B
r
(T) 1,356 1,376 1,396 1,416 1,436 1,456 1,476 1,496

CH :
- Theo bng s cho php ca B
g
v B
r
gii hn ti a cho B
g
l B
gmax
= 1,4T
v cho B
r
l B
rmax
= 1,5T.
- Vi kt cu ang c, B
g
v B
r
tin v gii hn ti a ng thi vi nhau. Do
, trnh hin tng bo ha ng thi ti cc v tr trn li thp, ta c th chn
B sao cho B
g
v B
r
hi thp hn gii hn ti a cho php.
- Trn bng s khi B
gmax
~ 1,4T v B
rmax
= 1,5T lc B = 0,75T
Ta chn B = 0,73T
T bc 3, ta c B
4
10 . 588 , 28

= u , th gi tr va chn cho B vo ta c
Wb
4
10 . 869 , 20

= u
BC 7: Chn dy cun 1 lp, dng ng khun phn tn n gin. Tnh h s
dy qun k
dq
; i vi dy cun 1 lp ta c:
9597 , 0
10 sin 3
30 sin
)
2
20
sin( 3
)
2
20
3 sin(
)
2
sin(
)
2
sin(
0
0
0
0
= = = =
d
d
dq
q
q
k

Trong Z = 36; 2p = 4
q = 3 rnh/ 1 pha/ 1 bc cc
d
=
0
20 in
95

BC 8: Xc nh tng s vng cho mt pha dy cun
Ta c:
dq s
mpha E
pha
k f k
U k
N
u
=
. . 4

Vi ng c A/Y: 220V/380V
in p nh mc pha l U
mpha
= 220V
Din tch mt cc
2
82 , 40 5 , 6 . 28 , 6 . cm L = =
Ta xc nh k
E

Theo bng 3, vi 15 . = L n 50cm2 th k
E
= 0,75 ; 0,86, ta gi nh quan h
gia L . v k
E
trong khong gi tr ny tuyn tnh, t suy ra gi tr k
E
ng vi
2
82 , 40 . cm L =
T hnh 4.12 ta c
k
E
= 0,75 + x
Vi 08 , 0 11 , 0 .
15 50
15 82 , 40
= |
.
|
\
|
= x
Vy k
E
= 0,75 + 0,08
96
Suy ra k
E
= 0,83

Tm li
pha vng N
pha
/ 426
9597 , 0 . 10 . 869 , 20 . 50 . 07 , 1 . 4
220 . 83 , 0
4
= =

Theo s dy cun, mi pha cha 6 bi dy, suy ra s vng mi bi dy l :
= =
bi
N
b
6
426
vng/bi
BC 9: Xc nh din tch rnh S
r
suy ra ng knh dy vi rnh hnh qu l ta c:
8 2 2
2
2 2 2 1
d d
h
d d
S
r
H
+
|
.
|
\
|

|
.
|
\
| +
=
2
2
19 , 50
8
5
2
5
12
2
5 5 , 3
mm S
r
=
H
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
| +
=

Chn S
r
= 50
2
mm
S b chn h s lp y k
l
= 0,46
Suy ra ng knh dy v tit din dy k c cch
in
2
3239 , 0
1 . 71 . 1
50 . 46 , 0
mm
n N u
S k
S
b r
r l
cd
= = =
mm d
cd
64 , 0 3239 , 0 128 , 1 = =
97
Tnh ng knh dy trn (khng lp bc cch in) .
d = d
c
0,05 =0,64 0,05 = 0,59mm
HIU CHNH
Lm trn s ng knh dy trn l d = 0,6mm
Tnh li d
c
= 0,65mm
Vy
2
2
332 , 0
4
mm
d
S
c
c
=
H
=
Lc h s lp y rnh vi N
b
= 71 vng/bi l:
4714 , 0
50
71 . 332 , 0
= =
l
k
Gi tr ny c chp nhn c v gn st tr s cho php k
ld
= 70 vng/ bi
Lc : 464 , 0
50
70 . 332 , 0
= =
l
k
Tng ng B
mi
= 0,74T (Tr s B
g
= 1,356T v B
r
= 1,467T tng ng)
Tr s ny vn tha khong gi tr ti a cho php ca B
r
v B
g

Tm li, ta chn:
N
b
= 70 vng/bi
d = 0,6mm (d
cd
= 0,65mm)
BC 10:
Ta chn: J = 6,5A/
2
mm
Dng in nh mc qua mi pha l A I
mpha
83 , 1 5 , 6
4
6 , 0 .
2
=
|
|
.
|
\
| H
=
Suy ra cng sut nh mc cho ng c l khong 1 HP ( So snh tr s dng
in nh mc trong bng 8 v bng 9)
BC 11: Tnh P
m
theo v cos
Gi s = 0,77 v cos = 0,8 ta c th c tnh P
m
nh sau:
P
m
= 3U
mpha
.I
mpha
. . cos = 3.220.1,83.0,77.0,8 = 744W (khong 1 HP)
BC 12: Xc nh khi lng dy cun.
- Tnh b di u ni gia hai rnh lin tip K
L

98
Trong : 35 , 1 = (ng 2p = 4)
mm
Z
h D
K
r t
L
07 , 11
36
) 14 80 .( 35 , 1 . ) (
' =
+ H
=
+ H
=

Chu vi khun CV
i vi dy cun dng ng khun phn tn, trong th d ny, mi pha cha
2 dng nhm bi dy: nhm bi dy cha 2 bi dy/1 nhm c bc y = 8 rnh,
nhm bi dy cha 1 bi dy/nhm c bc y = 7 rnh.
Gi CV
8
: Chu vi khun vi y = 8
CV
7
: Chu vi khun vi y = 7
Xc nh chu vi khun nh sau:
Trong L = L + 8mm
L = 65 + 8 = 73mm
CV = 2(K
L.
.y + L)
Vy CV
8
= 2 (11,07.8 + 73) = 323,12mm
Chn CV
8
= 32cm
CV
7
= 2(11,07 + 73) = 300,91
Chn CV
7
= 30cm
- Tng b di 1 pha dy cun (L
pha
) da theo s dy cun ta suy ra
L
pha
= N
b
(CV
8.
4 bi + CV
7
.2 bi) = 70(32,4 + 30,2) = 13160cm
Vy L
pha
= 1316dm
- Tng b di 3 pha dy cun (L
3pha
)
L
3pha
= 3L
pha
= 3.1316dm = 3948dm
- Khi lng b dy 3 pha ( W
dy
)
kg W
dy
093 , 1 10
4
6 , 0
. 3948 . 9 , 8 . 1 , 1
4
2
=
|
|
.
|
\
| H
=

.
Tm li W
dy
= 1,1kg
TM TT KT QU TRONG TH D
- Cng sut nh mc : P
m
= 744W (khong 1 HP)
- Dy cun 1 lp, ng khun phn tn n gin, 1 pha 1 nhnh.
99
- Tng s vng 1 pha N
pha
= 420 vng/ pha
- Tng s vng 1 bi N
b
= 70 vng/ bi
- ng knh dy d = 0,6mm (d
cd
= 0,65mm)
- Chu vi khun:
- i vi y = 8 CV =32cm
- i vi y = 7 CV = 30cm
* Tng khi lng dy cun W
dy
= 1,1kg

100
CHNG 5 NG DNG MATLAB TRONG TNH
TON THIT K NG C KHNG NG B
ng dng Matlab tnh ton li cho mt ng c sau (mc 4.2)
Cho mt ng c 3 pha, c bng l lch nh sau:
FUJI ELECTRIC CO - LTD
3 PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR 750-4
7 1412 TYPE MLA 1085A
OUTPUT:750W POLES:4 RULE JIS C4210
Hz 50 60 60 FRAME 80
VOLTS 200 3,3 3,2 RATING CONT
AMPS 3,6 3,3 3,2 NSUL E ROTOR C
RPM 1420 1705 1720 BRG DS 6204ZZ
CODE H G J BRG ADL 6203ZZ
SER N 5853 107 D1 Y 0639

Kch thc li thp ghi nhn nh sau:
ng knh trong D
t
= 80mm
B dy li thp L = 65mm
B dy gng b
g
=12mm
B dy rng b
r
=3,5mm
Tng s rnh Z = 36
Rnh hnh qu l c kch thc ghi nhn nh trn. Hy tnh ton s liu dy
cun vn hnh ng c vi cch u Y/ A: 380V/220V
5.1 Giao din chnh v chng trnh cho giao din chnh
5.1.1 Giao din chnh
101

Hnh 5.1 Giao din chnh ca ti
5.1.2 Vit chng trnh cho giao din chnh
function varargout = GIAODIENCHINH(varargin)
gui_Singleton = 1;
'gui_OpeningFcn', @GIAODIENCHINH_OpeningFcn, ...
'gui_OutputFcn', @GIAODIENCHINH_OutputFcn, ...
end
if nargout
[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
102
end
function GIAODIENCHINH_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata,
handles, varargin)
function varargout = GIAODIENCHINH_OutputFcn(hObject,
eventdata, handles)
user_response = TINHTOAN('Title','TINHTOAN);
close all
function figure1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
5.2 To giao din tnh ton v vit chng trnh cho giao din tnh ton
5.2.1 To giao din tnh ton
103

Hnh 5.2 Giao din tnh ton.
5.2.2 Vit chng trnh cho giao din tnh ton
chng trnh chy theo yu cu thit k ca bi ton trn, ta vit chng trnh
nh sau:
function varargout = TINHTOAN(varargin)
gui_Singleton = 1;
'gui_OpeningFcn', @TINHTOAN_OpeningFcn, ...
'gui_OutputFcn', @TINHTOAN_OutputFcn, ...
104
end
if nargout
[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
end
Function TINHTOAN_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles,
varargin)
function varargout = TINHTOAN_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata,
handles)
function Dt_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
function Dt_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
end
function L_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
function L_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
end
function bg_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
function bg_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
end
function Z_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
function Z_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
105
end
function Kc_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
function Kc_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
end
function Bsixma_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
function Bsixma_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
end
function Udmpha_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
function Udmpha_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
end
function d1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
function d1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
end
function Npha1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
function Npha1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
end
106
function Nb1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
function Nb1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
end
function d_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
function d_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
end
function dcd_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
function dcd_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
end
function Pdm_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
function Pdm_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
end
function Wday1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
function Wday1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
end
function CV7_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
function CV7_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
107
end
function CV8_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
function CV8_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
end
function TINHTOAN_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
tinhtoan(handles)
function d2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
function d2_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
end
function KldSB_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
function KldSB_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
end
function J_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
function J_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
end
function ni_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
function ni_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
end
108
function GAMMA_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
function GAMMA_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
end
function cosPHI_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
function cosPHI_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
end
end
% --- Executes on button press in THOAT.
function THOAT_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to THOAT (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of
MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see
GUIDATA)
close;
%TAO HAM TINH TOAN
function tinhtoan(handles)
% KHAI BAO BIEN TOAN CUC
global Dt L bg br Z Kc Bsixma Udmpha d1 d2 KldSB J ni GAMMA
cosPHI M
% DUONG KINH TRONG LOI THEP STATOR Dt
Dt=get(handles.Dt,'string'); Dt=str2num(Dt);
%BE DAY LOI THEP
109
L=get(handles.L,'string'); L=str2num(L);
%BE DAY GONG LOI THEP STATOR
bg=get(handles.bg,'string'); bg=str2num(bg);
% BE DAY RANH STATOR
br=get(handles.br,'string'); br=str2num(br);
% TONG SO RANH STATOR
Z=get(handles.Z,'string'); Z=str2num(Z);
% HE SO XEP CHAT CUA LOI THEP STATOR THUONG 0,93 DEN 0,95
Kc=get(handles.Kc,'string'); Kc=str2num(Kc);
%
Bsixma=get(handles.Bsixma,'string'); Bsixma=str2num(Bsixma);
% DIEN AP DINH MUC PHA
Udmpha=get(handles.Udmpha,'string'); Udmpha=str2num(Udmpha);
d1=get(handles.d1,'string'); d1=str2num(d1);
d2=get(handles.d2,'string'); d2=str2num(d2);
h=get(handles.h,'string'); h=str2num(h);
KldSB=get(handles.KldSB,'string'); KldSB=str2num(KldSB);
J=get(handles.J,'string'); J=str2num(J);
ni=get(handles.ni,'string'); ni=str2num(ni);
gamma=get(handles.gamma,'string'); gamma=str2num(gamma);
cosPHI=get(handles.cosPHI,'string'); cosPHI=str2num(cosPHI);
%cv=get(handles.cv,'string'); cv=str2num(cv);
% GAN CHUOI
% TINH TOAN (DANG 6 DAU RA)
% dau sao
% Udsao=sqrt(3)*Udmpha
% dau tam giac
% Uddelta=Udmpha
%Npha1=(Dt-L)/pdm
%Nb1=Npha1/2
% BUOC 2 XC DINH SO CUC
Pmin_1=(0.4*Dt)/bg
if 2<=Pmin_1<5
Pmin=4
110
else 1<Pmin_1<3
Pmin=2
end
% BUOC 3
% buoc cuc (anfasixma=0.71)
to=(pi*Dt)/(Pmin*1000)
% tu thong
phi=0.71*to*L*Bsixma
% BUOC 4 (knc=0.94)
Bg=(phi*10000)/(2*bg*L*0.94)
% hoac Bg=(0.71*pi*Dt*Bsixma)/(2*kc*bg*Pmin)
% BUOC 5
Br=(pi*Dt*Bsixma)/(Z*br)
% gioi han cua Bgmax=1.4T va Brmax=1.5T
% BUOC 6 lap bang
%if Bg>1.5
% chon_lai
%end
%if Br>1.4
% chon_lai
%end
% BUOC 7 (day quan 1 lop)
to_phay=Z/Pmin
q=to_phay/3
anfa_dien=180/to_phay
% day quan 1 lop, dong khuon phan tan don gian
kdq=sin((q*anfa_dien*pi)/(2*180))/(q*sin((anfa_dien*pi)/(2*18
0)))
% BUOC 8
Aa=to*L*10000
Aa=round(Aa)
if 15<Aa<50
kE=0.83
else 50<Aa<100
111
kE=0.88
end
%if 100<Aa<150
% kE=0.92
%else 150<Aa<400
% kE=0.94
%end
%if Aa>400
% kE=0.96
%end
Npha=round((kE*Udmpha)/(4*1.07*50*phi*kdq)) % f=50
% tong so boi_pha=Z/2*3
tongsoboi_pha=Z/(2*3)
Nb=round(Npha/(tongsoboi_pha))
% BUOC 9
% tiet dien day cach dien
n=1; ur=1; kld=0.46
Sr=round(((d1+d2)/2)*(h-d2/2)+((pi*d2*d2)/8))
Scd=(kld*Sr)/(ur*Nb*n)
% duong kinh cach dien
dcd_1=2*sqrt(Scd/3.14)
if 0.4<dcd_1<0.6
dcd=0.5
else 0.6<dcd_1<0.7
dcd=0.65
end
% duong kinh day tran (can lam tron so)
d=dcd-0.05 % lam tron voi so gan
% BUOC 10
% chon mat do dong dien theo cap
% cap A: J=5.5 den 6.5
% cap B, E: J=6.5 den 7.5
J=6.5
% dong dinh muc qua moi pha
112
Idmpha=(pi*d*d*J)/4
% BUOC 11
ni=0.77; cosphi=0.8
Pdm=3*Udmpha*Idmpha*ni*cosphi
Pdm=round(Pdm);
% BUOC 12
hr=14
KL=(3.14*gamma*(Dt+hr))/Z
% chu vi khuon
%CV=2*(KL*y+Lphay)
CV7=(2*(KL*7+(L*1000+9)))/10
CV8=(2*(KL*8+(L*1000+9)))/10
% L'=L+(5mm den 10mm)
%L_phay=L+8(L+8)
% khoi luong day quan
%Lpha=Pdm*Nb1*tongsoboi_pha
Lpha=(Nb*(CV8*4+CV7*2))/10
L3pha=3*Lpha
Wday=(1.1*8.9*L3pha*pi*d*d*0.0001)/4
% XUAT KET QUA
set(handles.Npha1,'string',num2str(Npha));
set(handles.Nb1,'string',num2str(Nb));
set(handles.d,'string',num2str(d));
set(handles.dcd,'string',num2str(dcd));
set(handles.CV7,'string',num2str(round(CV7)));
set(handles.CV8,'string',num2str(round(CV8)));
set(handles.Wday1,'string',num2str(Wday));
set(handles.Pdm,'string',num2str(Pdm));
function br_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
function br_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
end
113
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all
properties.
function popupmenu1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
end
A = str2double(get(hObject,'string'));
handles.metricdata.concs = A;
guidata(hObject,handles)
user_entry= handles.metricdata.A;
uisave(variables,A)
save ketqua.xls A-ascii
function h_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
function h_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
end
function gamma_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
function gamma_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
end
% --- Executes on button press in reset.
function reset_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
set(handles.Dt,'string',num2str(0));
set(handles.L,'string',num2str(0));
set(handles.bg,'string',num2str(0));
set(handles.br,'string',num2str(0));
set(handles.Z,'string',num2str(0));
set(handles.Kc,'string',num2str(0));
set(handles.Bsixma,'string',num2str(0));
114
set(handles.Udmpha,'string',num2str(0));
set(handles.d1,'string',num2str(0));
set(handles.d2,'string',num2str(0));
set(handles.h,'string',num2str(0));
set(handles.KldSB,'string',num2str(0));
set(handles.J,'string',num2str(0));
set(handles.ni,'string',num2str(0));
set(handles.gamma,'string',num2str(0));
set(handles.cosPHI,'string',num2str(0));
set(handles.Npha1,'string',num2str(0));
set(handles.Nb1,'string',num2str(0));
set(handles.d,'string',num2str(0));
set(handles.dcd,'string',num2str(0));
set(handles.CV7,'string',num2str(round(0)));
set(handles.CV8,'string',num2str(round(0)));
set(handles.Wday1,'string',num2str(0));
set(handles.Pdm,'string',num2str(0));
5.3 Kt qu tnh ton bng phn mm GUIDE/Matlab
Sau khi ta nhp s liu u vo v nhn nt TNH TON ta c c kt qu sau:

Hnh 5.3: Kt qu c tnh ton trn phn mm.
115
- Cng sut nh mc : P
m
= 744W (khong 1 HP)
- Dy cun 1 lp, ng khun phn tn n gin, 1 pha 1 nhnh.
- Tng s vng 1 pha N
pha
= 420 vng/ pha
- Tng s vng 1 bi N
b
= 70 vng/ bi
- ng knh dy d = 0,6mm (d
cd
= 0,65mm)
- Chu vi khun: - i vi y = 8 CV =33cm
- i vi y = 7 CV = 30cm
* Tng khi lng dy cun W
dy
= 1,1kg
Sau khi tnh ton trn giao din s dng ta c c kt qu tnh ton gn bng kt
qu tnh ton ( mc 4.2). Nh vy chng trnh vit l ng.

116
CHNG 6 KT LUN V NGH
6.1 Kt lun
Sau thi gian nghin cu v nhn c s gip ca mi ngi. Di s
hng dn tn tnh ca c Nguyn Th Ngc Son v thy Bi Thc Minh, ti
hon thnh ti vi ni dung nh sau:
Tng quan thit k ng c khng ng b
Gii thiu phn mm Matlab
Tnh ton dy qun Stator ng c khng ng b ba pha
ng dng Matlab trong tnh ton thit k ng c khng ng b
6.2. Kin ngh
Vi kt qu t c sau khi hon thnh ti, khng ch dng li vic
thit k ng c khng ng b ba pha bng Matlab ti thy ti cn c th pht
trin c theo cc hng sau:
- S dng GUIDE/Matlab thit k ng c khng ng b mt pha.
- S dng GUIDE/Matlab thit k ng c in ng b.

117
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] Ng Hi Bc (2005), lp trnh giao din GUIDE trong matlab.
[2] Nguyn Th kit (1995), cng ngh ch to v tnh ton sa cha my in,
NXBGD.
[3] Nguyn Vn Tu (2009), k thut qun dy my in, NXB HQG TPHCM.
[4] Phan Thanh Tao, gio trnh matlab, NXB HBK Nng.

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Hnh 4.10: Bng Pistoye thnh lp s b.

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