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CCC
C
mch i xng
Mi tn l v tr Br => 4 ng phn
Bc
CCCC ;
I II II I
III I
CCC
I C
=>A
D. 5.
Mi tn l v tr Cl => 2 ng phn
=>A
B. (1)>(4)>(2)>(3).
C. (1)>(2)>(3)>(4).
D. (3)>(2)>(1)>(4).
Xem chuyn nhit si => i vi dn xut R-X , nu khng c lin kt hidro , nhit si s cng cao
CH3
Br2/as
Br2/Fe, to
dd NaOH
X, Y, Z, T c cng thc ln lt l
A. p-CH3C6H4Br, p-CH2BrC6H4Br, p-HOCH2C6H4Br, p-HOCH2C6H4OH.
B. CH2BrC6H5, p-CH2Br-C6H4Br, p-HOCH2C6H4Br, p-HOCH2C6H4OH.
C. CH2Br-C6H5, p-CH2Br-C6H4Br, p-CH3C6H4OH, p-CH2OHC6H4OH.
-3-
Axit picric .
Seach google nu khng bit cc cht http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ax%C3%ADt_picric
Axit picric tng hp t benzen hoc phenol
NaOH
Cu 24: Cho s phn ng : X 2Y
ancol anlylic. X l cht no sau y ?
A. Propan.
B. Xiclopropan. C. Propen.
D. Propin.
Anlyl => CH2=CH-CH2- => ancol anlylic : CH2=CH CH2 OH
Y l CH2 = CH CH2 Cl => X l CH2 = CH CH3
V Ch mt s Anken u mch mi c kh nng tham gia phn ng th 500-600 C
=> C propen
HCl
Cu 25: Cho s sau : C2H5Br
A B C. C c cng thc l
A. CH3COOH.
B. CH3CH2COOH.
C. CH3CH2OH.
D. CH3CH2CH2COOH.
SGK 11 NC 214 => C2H5Br + Mg => C2H5-Mg Br A
C2H5 Mg Br + CO2 => C2H5COO Mg Br
Mg, ete
CO 2
-4-
= 20.0,8 = 16 g => A
Cu 66: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi ancol etylic l
A. HBr (to), Na, CuO (to), CH3COOH (xc tc). B. Ca, CuO (to), C6H5OH (phenol), HOCH2CH2OH.
C. NaOH, K, MgO, HCOOH (xc tc).
D. Na2CO3, CuO (to), CH3COOH (xc tc), (CHCO)2O.
SGK 11 NC 225 Tnh cht ha hc => A CH3COOH l p iu ch este SGK 11 254
Nu khng lm c thng dng cch loi p n
Loi B v thy ngay Ca khng p Ch p vi Na,K
Loi C v c NaOH ru ch p vi Na
Loi D v c Na2CO3 ru khng p vi mui
Cu 67: Cho cc hp cht sau :
(a) HOCH2CH2OH.
(b) HOCH2CH2CH2OH.
(c) HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH.
(d) CH3CH(OH)CH2OH. (e) CH3CH2OH.
(f) CH3OCH2CH3.
Cc cht u tc dng c vi Na, Cu(OH)2 l
A. (a), (b), (c).
B. (c), (d), (f).
C. (a), (c), (d).
D. (c), (d), (e).
Tc dng Na, Cu(OH)2 => ru c nhm OH lin k : dng C(OH) C(OH) C th l axit nh:
(a) , (c), (d) u c dng trn => C
B loi v OH cch nhau 1 CH2 ; e sai v ch c 1 nhm OH , f sai v khng phi ru
Cu 68: a. Cho s chuyn ha sau (mi mi tn l mt phng trnh phn ng) :
Tinh bt X Y Z metyl axetat. Cc cht Y, Z trong s trn ln lt l
A. CH3COOH, CH3OH.
B. C2H4, CH3COOH.
C. C2H5OH, CH3COOH.
D. CH3COOH, C2H5OH.
SGK 11 NC 227 => X l glucozo , Y l C2H5OH => C
Z l CH3COOH v C2H5OH + O2 => CH3COOH + H2O ; Metylaxetat este CH3COOCH3
CH3COOH + CH3OH => CH3COOCH3 + H2O phn ng iu ch este
b. Cho s chuyn ho : Glucoz X Y CH3COOH. Hai cht X, Y ln lt l
A. CH3CH2OH v CH=CH.
B. CH3CH2OH v CH3CHO.
C. CH3CHO v CH3CH2OH.
D. CH3CH(OH)COOH v CH3CHO.
X l CH3CH2OH => loi C v D => Xt A, B ; vi CH=CH khng c p iu ch CH3COOH
Vi CH3CHO + O2 => CH3COOH => B
Cu 69: Cho Na tc dng va vi 1,24 gam hn hp 3 ancol n chc X, Y, Z thy thot ra 0,336 lt kh H2 (kc).
Khi lng mui natri ancolat thu c l
A. 2,4 gam.
B. 1,9 gam.
C. 2,85 gam.
D. 3,8 gam.
Xem phng php tng gim khi lng . Ancol ROH => Mui RONa => M tng = 22.x g Vi x l nROH
Ta lun c x.nRuou = 2nH2 Vi x l s nhm OH , tng qut hn l s H linh ng hay x.nRuou = mH2
nRuou = 2nH2 v ru n chc => 1 nhm OH = 0,03 mol
mROH = mROH + 22x = 1,24 + 22.0,03 = 1,9 g
Cch khc: BT e => nNa = 2nH2 nNa = 0,03 mol
-9-
n(n 1)
2
B.
2n(n 1)
.
2
C.
n2
.
2
D. n!
Bi 81 => A
H2SO4 c , 170 C
HCl
Cu 85: Cho s chuyn ha : But-1-en
E
A NaOH
B
Tn ca E l
A. propen.
B. ibutyl ete.
C. but-2-en.
D. isobutilen.
Cc phn ng trung gian => khng lm thay i s C v v tr mch chnh V ch l p cng v th => Loi A ,D
nhit 170 => Loi B v to ra anken => C
P : But 1 en : C = C C C + HCl => C C(Cl) C C +NaOH => C C(OH) C C => C C = C C
=> C p u l cng , p 2 l phn ng th bi dn xut, p 3 l tch H2O => to ra sn phm chnh l C
Cu 86: un nng hn hp gm hai ru (ancol) n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng vi H2SO4
c 140oC. Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu c 6 gam hn hp gm ba ete v 1,8 gam nc. Cng thc phn t
ca hai ru trn l
A. CH3OH v C2H5OH.
B. C2H5OH v C3H7OH.
C. C3H5OH v C4H7OH.
D. C3H7OH v C4H9OH.
A, B , D l ancol no n chc => Xt Ancol no n chc : CnH2n+1OH hn hp
BT khi lng => m ancol p = m ete + mH2O v p ancol => ete + H2O = 7,8 g
n hh ancol p = 2nH2O V lun c 2 ancol p => 1 H2O VD; CH3OH + CH3OH => CH3 O CH3 + H2O
=> n ancol p = 0,2 mol => M ancol = 14 n + 18 = 7,8/0,2 = 1,5 => A
Cu 87: un nng t t hn hp etanol v propan-2-ol vi H2SO4 c c th thu c ti a s sn phm hu c l
A. 3.
B. 2.
C. 5.
D. 4.
2 anken v 3 ete => 5 cht => C etanol C2H5OH => to ra 1 anken ; Propan - 2 ol C C(OH) C => to ra 1
anken ; s ete = cng thc = 3
Cu 88: C bao nhiu ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C8H10O, u l dn xut ca benzen, khi tch nc cho
sn phm c th trng hp to polime ?
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Sn phm c th trng hp to polime => C ni i C ngoi vng benzen
p : C6H5 CH2 CH2 OH => C6H5 CH=CH2 Stiren
C6H5 CH(OH) CH2 => C6H5 CH =CH2 Stiren => c 2 p => B
Cu 89: A l ancol n chc c % O (theo khi lng) l 18,18%. A cho phn ng tch nc to 3 anken. A c tn l
A. Pentan-1-ol.
B. 2-metylbutan-2-ol.
C. pentan-2-ol. D. 2,2-imetyl propan-1-ol.
p n => Ancol no n chc v u l an hay ankan , v ol hay 1 ol => CnH2n+1OH
%O = 16.100% / (14n + 18) = 18,18% n = 5 => C5H11OH
To ra 3 anken => OH gn vi C bc II hoc III => Loi A, D
Xt B : 2 metylbutan 2 ol ;
I
II
C C(C) C C => C C(C) = C C v C = C(C) C C
C 2 cht u khng c p hnh hc => loi B => C
OH
Cu 90: hirat ha 14,8 gam ancol thu c 11,2 gam anken. CTPT ca ancol l
A. C2H5OH.
B. C3H7OH.
C. C4H9OH.
D. CnH2n + 1OH.
Cch 1 mo => Ly 14,8 chia cc p n => C
hidrat => Tch H2O => mancol = manken + mH2O mH2O = 3,6 g => nH2O = nRuou = 0,2 mol
=> M ruou = 14n + 18 = 14,8 / 0,2 n = 4 => C
Cu 91: un nng hn hp X gm 2 ancol n chc lin tip trong dy ng ng vi H2SO4 c 140oC. Sau phn
ng c hn hp Y gm 5,4 gam nc v 19,4 gam 3 ete. Hai ancol ban u l
A. CH3OH v C2H5OH.
B. C2H5OH v C3H7OH.
C. C3H5OH v C4H7OH.
D. C3H7OH v C4H9OH.
o
Ging bi 86 => m Ancol = m H2O + m hh ete ; n Ancol = 2nH2O => n = 1,67 => A
Cu 92: un nng hn hp X gm 0,1 mol CH3OH v 0,2 mol C2H5OH vi H2SO4 c 140oC, khi lng ete thu
c l
A. 12,4 gam.
B. 7 gam.
C. 9,7 gam.
D. 15,1 gam.
- 12 -
ab
. X c cu to thu gn l
1,02
A. C2H5OH.
B. C2H4(OH)2.
C. C3H5(OH)3.
D. C3H6(OH)2.
b = 0,71c ; c = (a + b)/1,02
kt ta CaCO3 => Chn c = 100 g Mo chn MCaCO3 => b = 71 g th vo => a = 31 g
nCaCO3 = nCO2 = 1 mol , m bnh tng = mCO2 + mH2O = 71 44 + mH2O = 71 mH2O = 27 g
=> nH2O = 1,5 mol => n Ancol = nH2O nCO2 = 0,5 mol => M X = 31 / 0,5 = 62 => B
Cu 126: t chy hon ton a gam hn hp gm metanol v butan-2-ol c 30,8 gam CO2 v 18 gam H2O. Gi tr
a l
A. 30,4 gam.
B. 16 gam.
C. 15,2 gam.
D. 7,6 gam.
Cch 1: n = nCO2 / (nH2O nCO2) = 7/3 => C 7 H 7 O hay C 7 H 20 O v 2 ancol cho u no
3
2. +2
3
25,4
42,33 => M ru < 42,33 V M phenol = 94 > 42,33 => Ch c CH3OH M = 32 => A
0,6
- 25 -
2A
12B
22D
32B
42A
52D
62A
72D
82A
92C
102C
112D
122A
132D
142C
152C
162B
172A
182C
3C
13B
23C
33C
43B
53C
63A
73C
83D
93A
103C
113A
123A
133B
143B
153B
163A
173B
183A
4B
14D
24C
34C
44A
54A
64D
74B
84A
94D
104B
114B
124C
134AA
144C
154C
164B
174A
184D
5B
15A
25B
35B
45C
55D
65A
75C
85C
95B
105A
115B
125B
135A
145D
155B
165D
175D
185A
6A
16DD
26B
36B
46D
56C
66A
76B
86A
96B
106C
116C
126C
136B
146A
156C
166C
176D
186A
7A
17B
27A
37B
47D
57D
67C
77A
87C
97C
107A
117B
127A
137D
147D
157D
167D
177D
187B
8A
18A
28C
38C
48C
58C
68CB
78C
88B
98C
108D
118B
128C
138D
148B
158D
168D
178A
9C
19B
29D
39A
49B
59B
69B
79A
89C
99A
109A
119A
129B
139D
149A
159C
169B
179A
- 26 -
10AD
20A
30D
40C
50B
60A
70B
80D
90C
100D
110A
120C
130C
140D
150A
160AD
170C
180B