HOCHOAHOC.

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CHUYN 5 : DN XUT HALOGEN - PHENOL - ANCOL

Cu 1 : S ng phn ca C4H9Br l
A. 4.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 5.
Xem li chuyn 1 + k thut xc nh ng phn c bi C4H9Cl => tng t C4H9Br
CCCC ;

CCC
C

mch i xng
Mi tn l v tr Br => 4 ng phn

Cu 2: S ng phn dn xut halogen bc I c CTPT C4H9Cl l

A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
S ng phn bc I => Cl gn vi C bc I ; mch i xng

Bc

CCCC ;
I II II I

III I
CCC
I C

=>A

D. 5.

Mi tn l v tr Cl => 2 ng phn

=>A

Cu 3: S ng phn mch h (k c ng phn hnh hc) ca cht c CTPT l C3H5Br l

A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
C3H5Br c k = (3.2 5 +1)/2 = 1 => c 1 lin kt i hidrocacbon v mch h khng phi vng nh xiclo
CH(Br) = CH CH3 c p hnh hc xem li K p hnh hc chuyn 1 => 2
CH2=CH-CH2Br ; CH2=C(Br)-CH3 khng c p hnh hc => 2
=> Tng c 4 p C3H5Br mch h.
=> C
Cu 4: Mt hp cht hu c Z c % khi lng ca C, H, Cl ln lt l : 14,28% ; 1,19% ; 84,53%. CTPT ca Z l
A. CHCl2.
B. C2H2Cl4.
C. C2H4Cl2.
D. mt kt qu khc.
Nhn thy %C + %H + %CL = 100% => Khng cn cht no na
Gi CTG : (CxHyClz)n => x : y : z = %C/12 : %H/1 : %Cl/35,5 = 1,02 : 1,19 : 2,38 = 1 : 1 : 2
=> (CHCl2)n Hay CnHnCl2n
Cch 1:lin kt pi + vng = (2 -1 +2-2).n / 2 = n/2 v s lin k pi + vng lun nguyn
n = 2 => C2H2Cl4 => B
Cch 2 xem iu kin ca H - n gn ging cch 1
Cu 5: Dn xut halogen khng c ng phn cis-trans l
A. CHCl=CHCl.
B. CH2=CH-CH2F.
C. CH3CH=CBrCH3.D. CH3CH2CH=CHCHClCH3.
Xem K ng phn nh ; R1#R2 v R3#R4 => B sai v R1 ging R2 H
Cu 6: Danh php IUPAC ca dn xut halogen c cng thc cu to : ClCH2CH(CH3)CHClCH3 l
A. 1,3-iclo-2-metylbutan.
B. 2,4-iclo-3-metylbutan.
C. 1,3-iclopentan.
D. 2,4-iclo-2-metylbutan.
Xem quy tc gi tn v cch lm chuyn 1 => nh s th t gn halogen nht
1
2
3
4
ClCH2CH(CH3)CHClCH3 Hay Cl CH2 CH CH CH3
CH3 Cl
=> 1,3 iclo 2 metylbutan v tr 1 ,3 cha clo ; i v 2clo ; meyl v tr th 2; butan v mch chnh c 4C
Cu 7: Cho cc cht sau: C6H5CH2Cl ; CH3CHClCH3 ; Br2CHCH3 ; CH2=CHCH2Cl. Tn gi ca cc cht trn ln
lt l
A. benzyl clorua ; isopropyl clorua ; 1,1-ibrometan ; anlyl clorua.
B. benzyl clorua ; 2-clopropan ; 1,2-ibrometan ;1-cloprop-2-en.
C. phenyl clorua ; isopropylclorua ; 1,1-ibrometan ; 1-cloprop-2-en.
D. benzyl clorua ; n-propyl clorua ; 1,1-ibrometan ; 1-cloprop-2-en.
Xem chuyn 4 => C6H5CH2 Bezyl => Loi C ;
xem chuyn 1 => dng CH3 CH(CH3) l iso => Loi B v D =>A Dng ny loi p n l chnh
Khng th bao qut nu mnh khng vng l thuyt n - l mch thng nh
CH2=CHCH2 l anlyl nh ; CH2=CH l vinyl ; SGK 11NC 211
Cu 8: Cho cc dn xut halogen sau : C2H5F (1) ; C2H5Br (2) ; C2H5I (3) ; C2H5Cl (4) th t gim dn nhit
si l
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HOCHOAHOC.COM Chuyn trang hc ha hc

A. (3)>(2)>(4)>(1).

B. (1)>(4)>(2)>(3).

C. (1)>(2)>(3)>(4).

D. (3)>(2)>(1)>(4).

Xem chuyn nhit si => i vi dn xut R-X , nu khng c lin kt hidro , nhit si s cng cao

khi X ht e cng mnh.

Ta c Tnh phi kim t F<Cl<Br<I => kh nng ht e => I>Br>Cl>F => (3)>(2)>(4)>(1) =>A
Cu 9: Nh dung dch AgNO3 vo ng nghim cha mt t dn xut halogen CH2=CHCH2Cl, lc nh. Hin tng
xy ra l
A. Thot ra kh mu vng lc.
B. xut hin kt ta trng.
C. khng c hin tng.
D. xut hin kt ta vng.
SGK 11 NC 212 ci bng => Phi c un nng => Sinh ra kt ta i vi CH2=CHCH2CL Anlylclorua
=> C khng c hin tng g
Cu 10: a. Sn phm chnh ca phn ng tch HBr ca CH3CH(CH3)CHBrCH3 l
A. 2-metylbut-2-en.
B. 3-metylbut-2-en.
C. 3-metyl-but-1-en.
D. 2-metylbut-1-en.
Xem c ch p SGK 11NC 214 => Halogen tch cng H C bn cnh bc cao
Bc
III
I
1
2 3
4
CH3CH(CH3)CHBrCH3
hay
CH3 CH CH CH3 => CH3 C=CH CH3
CH3 Br
CH3
nh s th t gn lin kt i + gn mch nhnh nht => 2 metybut 2 en (CH3 v ni i v tr 3 v mch
chnh c 4C)
b. Sn phm chnh to thnh khi cho 2-brombutan tc dng vi dung dch KOH/ancol, un nng
A. metylxiclopropan.
B. but-2-ol.
C. but-1-en.
D. but-2-en.
Bc
I
II
1
2
3
4
2-brombutan ; CH3 CH CH2 CH3 => CH3 CH = CH CH3=> but 2 en
Br
Cu 11: un nng 13,875 gam mt ankyl clorua Y vi dung dch NaOH, tch b lp hu c, axit ha phn cn li
bng dung dch HNO3, nh tip vo dd AgNO3 thy to thnh 21,525 gam kt ta. CTPT ca Y l
A. C2H5Cl.
B. C3H7Cl.
C. C4H9Cl.
D. C5H11Cl.
Ankyl :CnH2n+1 => ankylclorua : CnH2n+1Cl
Mo chng cn bit p g => on kt ta l AgCl v ly 21,525 chia cho 143,5MAgCl = 0,15 mol p
BTNT Cl => nCnH2n+1Cl = nAgCl = 0,15 mol
MY = 14n + 36,5 = 13,875/0,15 n = 4 => C4H9Cl
Hoc p ban u to ra HCl => HCl + AgNO3 => AgCl kt ta trng + HNO3
Cu 12: S tch hiro halogenua ca dn xut halogen X c CTPT C4H9Cl cho 3 olefin ng phn, X l cht no
trong nhng cht sau y ?
A. n- butyl clorua.
B. sec-butyl clorua.
C. iso-butyl clorua.
D. tert-butyl clorua.
Mo Nu khng bit cht l cht g copy paste vo google phn hnh nh => S hin ra cht Cch hc
n- l mch thng tut
A .CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 - Cl
Sec c dng CH3 CH(X)-CH3 => B . CH3 CH(Cl) CH2 CH3
Iso c dng CH3 CH(CH3)
=> C. CH3 CH(CH3) CH2 - Cl
Tert c dng CH3 (CH3)C(CH3) D. CH3 (CH3)C(CH3)-Cl
A , C , D c Cl u mch => Ch tch cng vi duy nht C bn canh Nu C c H
=> Ch to ra ti ra 2 ng phn k c hnh hc nu c - i thi hy tim ra s khc bit gia cc p n c th
loi v chn p n. => B ng V cho 3 ng phn khi thch HCl
I
II
CH3 CH CH2 CH3 => 2 sn phm : CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 ko c p hnh hc
Cl
CH3-CH=CH-CH3 => c p hnh hc => 3p khi tc HCl
Cu 13: Cho hp cht thm : ClC6H4CH2Cl + dung dch KOH (long, d, to) ta thu c cht no ?
A. HOC6H4CH2OH.
B. ClC6H4CH2OH.
C. HOC6H4CH2Cl.
D. KOC6H4CH2OH.
SGK 11NC 212 => Halogen gn vi vng benzen khng phn ng vi kim un nng nhit cao v p sut
cao mi p
Dn xut ankyl halogen Hay Halogen gn vi hidrocacbon no s p vi kim nhit un nng
PT: ClC6H4CH2Cl + KOH => ClC6H4CH2OH + KCl => B
Cu 14: Cho hp cht thm : ClC6H4CH2Cl + dung dch KOH (c, d, to, p) ta thu c cht no?
A. KOC6H4CH2OK.
B. HOC6H4CH2OH. C. ClC6H4CH2OH.
D. KOC6H4CH2OH.
Cu 13 => Phn ng nhit v p sut
PT : ClC6H4CH2Cl + 2KOH => OHC6H4CH2OH + 2KCl
Xem phn phn biu gia anol thm v phenol l thuyt chuyn 5
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HOCHOAHOC.COM Chuyn trang hc ha hc

Ancol thm OH gn vi C ngoi vng benzen khng phn ng vi kim
Phenol OH gn vi C vng benzen c p vi kim
Do KOH d => PT : OHC6H4CH2OH + KOH => KOC6H5CH2OH + H2O => sn phm p n D
L thuyt n gin SGK nhng khng hc s rt kh lm
Cu 15: Thy phn dn xut halogen no sau y s thu c ancol ?
(1) CH3CH2Cl.
(2) CH3CH=CHCl.
(3) C6H5CH2Cl.
(4) C6H5Cl.
A. (1), (3).
B. (1), (2), (3).
C. (1), (2), (4).
D.(1), (2), (3), (4).
SGK 11 NC 212 Halogen gn vi hidoracbon no => B thy phn to ra ancol
PTTQ : R CH2 Cl R c th l ng ng ankyl hoc ng ng ankan
R CH2 Cl + OH- => R CH2 OH + Cl- P u tin SGK => (1) v (3) tha mn
Xt (2) . CH3 CH = CH Cl + OH- => CH3 CH = CH OH + HCl
xem li iu kin h bin ca ru trong phn l thuyt
Dng R CH=CH OH tch H2O => andehit : R CH2 CHO => (2) to ra andehit Xem bi ca Nguyn
Tn Trung trn htv4.vn hoc thaytro.vn
(4) SGK c p => C6H5OK khng phi ru C kim d
Hoc C6H5OH kim p va - y l phenol
Cu 16: a. un si dn xut halogen X vi nc mt thi gian, sau thm dung dch AgNO3 vo thy xut hin kt
ta. X l
A. CH2=CHCH2Cl.
B. CH3CH2CH2Cl.
C. C6H5CH2Br.
D. A hoc C.
SGK 11 NC 212 => Dun si cht no => to ra HX => S c phn ng to kt ta khi cho AgNO3 X l Cl,Br,I
Ta c A v C c to ra khi un si => A , C to ra HX => c p kt ta
A ng ; C ng v Br gn vi C ngoi vng benzen => km bn
B khng c p un nng Tng qut ankyl halogen khng p vi H2O iu kin thng hoc khi un nng
=> D
b. un si dn xut halogen X vi dung dch NaOH long mt thi gian, sau thm dung dch AgNO3 vo thy
xut hin kt ta. X khng th l
A. CH2=CHCH2Cl.
B. CH3CH2CH2Cl.
C. C6H5CH2Cl.
D. C6H5Cl.
SGK => D ch p vi kim nhit cao v p sut cao to ra NaCL hay c p vi AgNO3 sinh ra kt ta.
chng khng phn ng vi NaOH nhit thng v khi un si
=> D . A,B,C nh A v un vi dung dch NaOH
Cu 17: Khi un nng dn xut halogen X vi dung dch NaOH to thnh hp cht anehit axetic. Tn ca hp cht X
l
A. 1,2- ibrometan.
B. 1,1- ibrometan.
C. etyl clorua.
D. A v B ng.
=> to ra andehit axetic SGK 11 NC -239 CH3-CHO
Xem iu kin h bin ca ru thy Nguyn Tn Trung
C trng hp 2 nhm OH gn vo cng 1 C
TQ : R CH(OH)-OH => R CHO andehit + H2O R l hidrocacbon : H,CnH2n+1
B tha mn : CH2 CH(Br)-Br +NaOH => CH2-CH(OH)-OH b h bin to ra andehit nh trn
A ch to ra OH-CH2-CH2-OH etilen glicol nu bo to thnh
C ch to ra CH3-CH2-OH
Nh trng hp OH gn vi C khng no 1 ni i cng b h bin to ra andehit
R CH=CH2-OH => R CH2-CHO
Cu 18: Hp cht X c cha vng benzen v c CTPT l C7H6Cl2. Thy phn X trong NaOH c
(to cao, p cao) thu c cht Y c CTPT l C7H7O2Na. Hy cho bit X c bao nhiu CTCT ?
A. 3.
B. 5.
C. 4.
D. 2.
C7H6Cl2 + 2NaOH => C7H7O2Na + NaCl Xem li bi 14 p n D C7H7O2K
=> X l ClC6H4CH2Cl Ly clo l v tr th 1 trong vng benzen => CH2Cl chy v tr o,m,p => 3 CTCT tha
mn Xem li bi benzen thy r hn v tr o,m,p v mt s bi xc nh ng phn benzen
Cu 19: Cho s phn ng sau:

CH3
Br2/as

Br2/Fe, to

dd NaOH

NaOH n/c, to, p

X, Y, Z, T c cng thc ln lt l
A. p-CH3C6H4Br, p-CH2BrC6H4Br, p-HOCH2C6H4Br, p-HOCH2C6H4OH.
B. CH2BrC6H5, p-CH2Br-C6H4Br, p-HOCH2C6H4Br, p-HOCH2C6H4OH.
C. CH2Br-C6H5, p-CH2Br-C6H4Br, p-CH3C6H4OH, p-CH2OHC6H4OH.
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HOCHOAHOC.COM Chuyn trang hc ha hc

D. p-CH3C6H4Br, p-CH2BrC6H4Br, p-CH2BrC6H4OH, p-CH2OHC6H4OH.
Kt hp vi bi benzen v chng ny
P Br2/as => Br th vo H C ngoi vng benzen => BrCH2C6H5 X => loi A v D
Phn ng Br2/Fe,to => Br th vo vng benzen c th o hoc p sn phm chnh p
=> Y : p CH2Br-C6H4Br phn ng NaOH => Ch th Halogen gn vi C ngoi vng benzen
Xem bi 13 => p OHCH2C6H4Br => B V C p n khc
Cu 20: Cho s phn ng sau : CH4 X Y Z T C6H5OH. (X, Y, Z l cc cht hu c khc nhau). Z
l
A. C6H5Cl.
B. C6H5NH2.
C. C6H5NO2.
D. C6H5ONa.
SGK 11 NC 231 => T l C6H5ONa Da vo T => C6H5OH => phn ng iu ch phenol
Xem SGK 11NC 218 => Z l C6H5Cl => A
Thm mnh ch on X l C2H2 ; Y l C6H6 ; Z l C6H6Cl ; T l C6H5ONa
Cu 21: X l dn xut clo ca etan. un nng X trong NaOH d thu c cht hu c Y va tc dng vi Na va tc
dng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit thng. Vy X l
A. 1,1,2,2-tetracloetan. B. 1,2-icloetan.
C. 1,1-icloetan.
D. 1,1,1-tricloetan.
Va tc dng vi Na va tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit thng => C nhiu gc OH lin k nhau (Hay gn vi C
k nhau VD : C2H4(OH)2 ; OH CH2-CH2-OH ; C3H5(OH)3 ; OH CH2 CH(OH) CH2 OH
P vi Na => c H linh ng (VD ; R - OH ;R - COOH ; C6H5OH)
P vi Cu(OH)2 iu kin thng => R OH ; R - COOH
Xem s h bin ca ru na nh
A . Cl-CH(Cl)- CH(Cl)-Cl + NaOH => CHO CHO (v to ra OH CH(OH) CH(OH)-OH ) + NaCl
B . Cl CH2 CH2 Cl + NaOH => OH CH2 CH2 OH + NaCL (THa mn 2OH lin k ) =>B
C . CH3 CH(Cl) Cl
+NaOH => CH3 CHO + NaL (V to ra CH3 CH(OH) OH h bin)
D . CH3 (Cl)C(Cl) Cl + NaOH => CH3COOH + NaCl (Dang R (OH)C(OH)-OH h bin to ra
Axit )
Nhng do NaOH d => CH3COOH + NaOH => CH3COONa + H2O => khng p vi Na v Cu(OH)2
=> B
Cu 22: Cho 5 cht: CH3CH2CH2Cl (1); CH2=CHCH2Cl (2); C6H5Cl (3); CH2=CHCl (4);
C6H5CH2Cl (5). un tng cht vi dung dch NaOH long, d, sau gn ly lp nc v axit ho bng dung dch
HNO3, sau nh vo dung dch AgNO3 th cc cht c xut hin kt ta trng l
A. (1), (3), (5).
B. (2), (3), (5).
C. (1), (2), (3), (5).
D. (1), (2), (5).
Cht to kt ta trng l cht sinh ra NaCl
iu kin p l un vi dd NaOH d => (1) , (2) , (5) c to ra NaCl (Bi 16 b)
(3) ch p vi nhit cao , p sut cao
Halogen gn vi C ni i khng phn ng vi NaOH cng nh H2O nhit thng v khi ung nng(Mnh on)
Cu ny ng cc p n khng cha (4)
Cu 23: Cho s chuyn ho : Benzen A B C A axit picric. B l
A. phenylclorua. B. o Crezol.
C. Natri phenolat.
D. Phenol.

Axit picric .
Seach google nu khng bit cc cht http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ax%C3%ADt_picric
Axit picric tng hp t benzen hoc phenol

C6H5OH +3HNO3 => C6H2(OH)(NO2)3 (c c xt H2SO4 )

=> B Natri phenolat : C6H5ONa iu ch phenol C
Cl ,500 0 C

NaOH
Cu 24: Cho s phn ng : X 2Y
ancol anlylic. X l cht no sau y ?
A. Propan.
B. Xiclopropan. C. Propen.
D. Propin.
Anlyl => CH2=CH-CH2- => ancol anlylic : CH2=CH CH2 OH
Y l CH2 = CH CH2 Cl => X l CH2 = CH CH3
V Ch mt s Anken u mch mi c kh nng tham gia phn ng th 500-600 C

CH2=CH-CH3 +CL2 -->CH2=CH-CH2CL

=> C propen

HCl
Cu 25: Cho s sau : C2H5Br
A B C. C c cng thc l
A. CH3COOH.
B. CH3CH2COOH.
C. CH3CH2OH.
D. CH3CH2CH2COOH.
SGK 11 NC 214 => C2H5Br + Mg => C2H5-Mg Br A
C2H5 Mg Br + CO2 => C2H5COO Mg Br

Mg, ete

CO 2

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HOCHOAHOC.COM Chuyn trang hc ha hc

C6H5CO2MgBr + HCl C6H5CO2H + MgBrCl

Xem p y : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzoic_acid Tm seach google
Cu 26: Cho bt Mg vo ietyl ete khan, khuy mnh, khng thy hin tng g. Nh t t vo etyl bromua, khuy
u th Mg tan dn thu c dung dch ng nht. Cc hin tng trn c gii thch nh sau:
A. Mg khng tan trong ietyl ete m tan trong etyl bromua.
B. Mg khng tan trong ietyl ete, Mg phn ng vi etyl bromua thnh etyl magiebromua tan trong ete.
C. Mg khng tan trong ietyl ete nhng tan trong hn hp ietyl ete v etyl bromua.
D. Mg khng tan trong ietyl ete, Mg phn ng vi etyl bromua thnh C2H5Mg tan trong ete.
Phn 3 SGK 11 NC 214 => B
Cu 27: Cho s : C6H6 X Y Z m-HOC6H4NH2. X, Y, Z tng ng l
A. C6H5NO2, m-ClC6H4NO2, m-HOC6H4NO2.
B. C6H5NO2, C6H5NH2, m-HOC6H4NO2.
C. C6H5Cl, m-ClC6H4NO2, m-HOC6H4NO2.
D. C6H5Cl, C6H5OH, m-HOC6H4NO2.
Cu 28: Cng thc dy ng ng ca ancol etylic l
A. CnH2n + 2O.
B. ROH.
C. CnH2n + 1OH.
D. Tt c u ng.
SGK 11 NC 220 => C ancol etylic C2H5OH l ancol no n chc
Cu 29: Cng thc no di y l cng thc ca ancol no, mch h chnh xc nht ?
A. R(OH)n.
B. CnH2n + 2O.
C. CnH2n + 2Ox.
D. CnH2n + 2 x
(OH)x.
Xem chuyn 1 . Cch tm CT tng qut cch 1
Ancol no => k = 0 => CnH2n+2 2.0 x(OH)x hay CnH2n+2 x (OH)x => D
Cu 30: un nng mt ancol X vi H2SO4 c nhit thch hp thu c mt olefin duy nht. Cng thc tng
qut ca X l (vi n > 0, n nguyn)
A. CnH2n + 1OH.
B. ROH.
C. CnH2n + 2O.
D. CnH2n +
1CH2OH.
Tch H2O => OH vi C bc I bn cnh => Do duy nht => D hp l nht
A sai v khng th bit OH gn vi C bc I , II ,III
B khng bit l ru no hay khng no
C khng bit c phi l ru khng. C th andehit , xeton ,t
Cu 31: Tn quc t ca hp cht c cng thc CH3CH(C2H5)CH(OH)CH3 l
A. 4-etyl pentan-2-ol.
B. 2-etyl butan-3-ol.
C. 3-etyl hexan-5-ol. D. 3-metyl pentan-2-ol.
5
4
3
2
1
CH3CH(C2H5)CH(OH)CH3 hay CH3 CH2 CH CH CH3
CH3 OH
=> 3 metyl pentan 2 ol
Cu 32: Mt ancol no c cng thc thc nghim l (C2H5O)n. CTPT ca ancol c th l
A. C2H5O.
B. C4H10O2.
C. C4H10O.
D. C6H15O3.
(C2H5O)n => C2nH5nOn ; ancol no => Tn pi + vng = 0 = (2.2n 5n + 2)/2 n = 2 => C4H10O2
Cu 33: Ancol no, n chc c 10 nguyn t H trong phn t c s ng phn l
A. 5.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 2.
Ancol no n chc => CT : CnH2n+1OH hay CnH2n+2O => S H = 2n + 2 = 10 => n =4
=> C4H10O xem CT tnh ancol no trong chuyn ng phn 2n-2 =22 = 4 =>C
Cu 34: Mt ancol no n chc c %H = 13,04% v khi lng. CTPT ca ancol l
A. C6H5CH2OH. B. CH3OH.
C. C2H5OH.
D. CH2=CHCH2OH.
Ancol no n chc => CnH2n+1OH hay CnH2n+2O
=> %H = (2n+2).100%/(14n + 18) = 13,04 => n = 2 => C2H5OH => C
Cu 35: Mt ancol no n chc c %O = 50% v khi lng. CTPT ca ancol l
A. C3H7OH.
B. CH3OH.
C. C6H5CH2OH.
D. CH2=CHCH2OH.
Ancol no n chc => CnH2n+1OH => %O = 16.100% / (14n + 18) = 50% => n = 1 => CH3OH => B
Cu 36: C bao nhiu ru (ancol) bc 2, no, n chc, mch h l ng phn cu to ca nhau m phn t ca chng
c phn trm khi lng cacbon bng 68,18% ?
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Ru no n chc => CnH2n+1OH hay CnH2n+2O
%C = 12n.100% / (14n+18) = 68,18% => n = 5 => C5H11OH
Ru bc 2 => OH gn vi C bc 2
- (C)C(OH) CCCCC ;
C C C C C ; C C C(C) C => 3 => B
OH
OH
OH
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HOCHOAHOC.COM Chuyn trang hc ha hc

Cu 37: C bao nhiu ng phn c cng thc phn t l C4H10O ?
A. 6.
B. 7.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Dng CnH2n+2O k=0 Xem phn cch vit ng phn => Cc trng hp : Ancol no n chc ; ete -O-
Ancol no n chc CT: 2n-2 => n = 4 => 4 p
Ete : C O C C C ; C C O C C ; C O C(C) C => 3p
=> Tng = 7 p => B
Cu 38: C bao nhiu ancol bc III, c cng thc phn t C6H14O ?
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Ancol bc 3 => OH gn vi C bc 3 : - C - C(C) C OH
C - C(C) C C C ; C C(C) C(C) C ; C C C(C) C C => 3p => C
OH
OH
OH
Cu 39: C bao nhiu ancol thm, cng thc C8H10O ?
A. 5.
B. 6.
C. 7.
D. 8.
C8H10O c k = 4 tha mn 1 vng benzen c 1 vng + 3 pi Ancol thm => OH gn vi C ngoi vng benzen
C6H5 C - OH
C6H5 CH CH3 ;
C6H5 CH2 CH2 OH ; =>2
OH
CH3 C6H4 CH3 OH CH3 v tr 1 , CH3-OH v tr o,m,p => 3
Tng => c 5 p => A
Cu 40: C bao nhiu ancol thm, cng thc C8H10O khi tc dng vi CuO un nng cho ra anehit?
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Ancol thm => OH gn vi C ngoi , Tc dng CuO => andehit => OH gn vi C bc 1
Bi 39 => Loi i trng hp bc II ; C6H5 CH CH3 => 4p => C
OH
Cu 41: C bao nhiu ancol C5H12O khi tch nc ch to mt anken duy nht?
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Tch nc thu c anken duy nht => OH gn vi C bc I R CH2-OH v Ancol i xng
OH gn vi C bc I ; C C C C C OH ; C C(C) C C OH ; C (C)C(C) C OH
Ancol i xng : C C C C C => Tng = 4 =>D
OH
Cu 42: S ng phn ancol ng vi CTPT C5H12O l
A. 8.
B. 7.
C. 5.
D. 6.
p Ancol => 2n-2 = 8 v n = 5 => A
Cu 43: S ng phn ancol ti a ng vi CTPT C3H8Ox l
A. 4.
B. 5.
C. 6.
D. khng xc nh c.
Xt x = 1 => C3H8O ; p ancol => gc OH gn vi C C C C OH ; C C(OH) C
Xt x = 2 => C3H8O2; p
OH- C C(OH) C ; OH C C C OH
Xt x = 3 => C3H8O2
OH C C(OH) C OH
Tng = 5 =>B
Cu 44: X l ancol mch h c cha 1 lin kt i trong phn t. khi lng phn t ca X nh hn 60. CTPT ca X
l
A. C3H6O.
B. C2H4O.
C. C2H4(OH)2.
D. C3H6(OH)2.
Ancol mch h cha 1 lin kt i => k = 1 => CnH2n+2 2.1 Oz hay CnH2nOz Xem chuyn 1 cch tm CT
cch 2
=> Loi C v D v C, D u no c dng CnH2n+2Oz
B loi v OH gn vi C bc 2 h bin => andehit
Cu 45: A, B, D l 3 ng phn c cng cng thc phn t C3H8O. Bit A tc dng vi CuO un nng cho ra
andehit, cn B cho ra xeton. Vy D l
A. Ancol bc III.
B. Cht c nhit si cao nht.
C. Cht c nhit si thp nht.
D. Cht c kh nng tch nc to anken duy nht.
C3H8O => dng CnH2n+2O => ng phn ancol v ete => c 2 p ancol v 1 p ete
A to ra andehit => A l ancol OH gn vi C bc 1
B to ra xeton =>B l ancol bc OH gn vi C bc 2
=> D l ete ; C O C C => Loi A v D v ete khng tch H2O ch c ru
Xem phn nhit si => Cht c H linh ng => Nhit si cao => Ancol nhit si > Ete V c H linh ng
trong OH
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HOCHOAHOC.COM Chuyn trang hc ha hc

=> Loi B
=> C nhit si thp nht
Cu 46: X, Y, Z l 3 ancol lin tip trong dy ng ng, trong MZ = 1,875MX. X c c im l
A. Tch nc to 1 anken duy nht.
B. Ha tan c Cu(OH)2.
C. Cha 1 lin kt trong phn t.
D. Khng c ng phn cng chc hoc khc chc.
Cng ng ng => Hn km nhau 14.k vc k l s C ca cht ln s C ca cht nh
VD C2H5OH c M = 46 => C4H9OH c M = 46 + 14.2 = 74
MZ = MX + 28 ; => MZ = 1,875MX
MZ = 60 ; MX = 32 => X : CH3OH Duy nht => D
A sai v phi c 2C tr ln ; B sai v phi c t nht 2 nhm OH lin k
C sai v CH3OH c k = 0 ;
Cu 47: Ancol X n chc, no, mch h c t khi hi so vi hiro bng 37. Cho X tc dng vi H2SO4 c un
nng n 180oC thy to thnh mt anken c nhnh duy nht. X l
A. propan-2-ol.
B. butan-2-ol.
C. butan-1-ol.
D. 2-metylpropan-2-ol.
Cch 1: => to ra anken c nhnh duy nht => Ancol phi c nhnh => D duy nht 2 metyl
Cch 2:Ancol n chc , no , mch h => CnH2n+1OH c M = 14n + 18 = 37.2 => n = 4 ; C4H9OH
un nng 1800 => ancol c nhnh duy nht => OH gn vi C bc I hoc i xng + Mch chnh c nhnh
3
2
1
1
2
3
=> CH3 CH(CH3) CH2 OH hoc CH3 C(CH3) CH3 => p n c trng hp D ng
OH
Cu 48: Mt ancol n chc X mch h tc dng vi HBr c dn xut Y cha 58,4% brom v khi lng. un X
vi H2SO4 c 170oC c 3 anken. Tn X l
A. pentan-2-ol.
B. butan-1-ol.
C. butan-2-ol.
D. 2-metylpropan-2-ol.
P vi HBr SGK 11NC 226
p n => Ancolno n chc V c ui an ankan ; v ol
CnH2n+1OH + HBr => CnH2n+1Br Y + H2O
%Br = 80.100%/(14n + 81) = 58,4 => n = 4 => C4H9OH
Loi A v c 5C ; B v ch to ra 1 anken OH gn vi C bc I - 1 ol
Xt C v D ; D loi v ch to ra 1 anken mch i xng C C(C) C
OH
C : C C(OH) C C => anken C = C C C ko p hnh hc ; C C = C C p hnh hc
Cu 49: Mt cht X c CTPT l C4H8O. X lm mt mu nc brom, tc dng vi Na. Sn phm oxi ha X bi CuO
khng phi l anehit. Vy X l
A. but-3-en-1-ol. B. but-3-en-2-ol.
C. 2-metylpropenol.
D. tt c u sai.
C4H8O => k = 1 => c 1 ni i ; P vi Na => c H linh ng Ancol , phenol, axit hay c H linh ng c nhm OH
, COOH => Ch c th l Ancol v k=1 ; Nu l axit phi c 2 Oxi ; phenol c k 4
Oxi ha X bi CuO khng phi l andehit => c nhm OH
T 3 d kin trn => Ancol n chc c 1 lin kt i c nhm OH khng gn vi C bc I
=> B But 3 en 2 ol ; C C(OH) C = C Cch c tn lun => nh s gn OH hay gn H linh ng nht
Cu 50: Bc ca ancol l
A. bc cacbon ln nht trong phn t.
B. bc ca cacbon lin kt vi nhm -OH.
C. s nhm chc c trong phn t.
D. s cacbon c trong phn t ancol.
SGK 11 NC 220 => B phn di cng *
Cu 51: Bc ancol ca 2-metylbutan-2-ol l
A. bc 4.
B. bc 1.
C. bc 2.
D. bc 3.
1 2
3 4
2 metyl butan 2 ol
C C(C) C C
=> Bc 3
OH
Cu 52: Cc ancol c phn loi trn c s
A. s lng nhm OH.
B. c im cu to ca gc hirocacbon.
C. bc ca ancol.
D. Tt c cc c s trn.
SGK 11 NC 220 => S lng OH ; B c im gc no , khng no, vng, bezen bc ancol I, II, III => D
Cu 53: Cc ancol (CH3)2CHOH ; CH3CH2OH ; (CH3)3COH c bc ancol ln lt l
A. 1, 2, 3.
B. 1, 3, 2.
C. 2, 1, 3.
D. 2, 3, 1.
(CH3)2CHOH hay CH3 CH CH3 => bc 2
OH
CH3CH2OH hay CH3 CH2 OH => bc 1 ; (CH3)3COH hay CH3 C(CH3) CH3 => bc 3
OH
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HOCHOAHOC.COM Chuyn trang hc ha hc

=> C
Cu 54: Cu no sau y l ng ?
A. Hp cht CH3CH2OH l ancol etylic.
B. Ancol l hp cht hu c trong phn t nhm -OH.
C. Hp cht C6H5CH2OH l phenol.
D. Tt c u ng.
CH3CH2OH => ancol etylic => A
B sai v tp chc hoc Cacbonhidrat
C sai v l ancol thm OH gn vi C ngoi vng benzen
Cu 55: Ancol etylic tan tt trong nc v c nhit si cao hn hn so vi ankan v cc dn xut halogen c khi
lng phn t xp x vi n v
A. Trong cc hp cht trn ch c ancol etylic tc dng vi Na.
B. Trong cc hp cht trn ch c ancol etylic c lin kt hiro vi nc.
C. Trong cc hp cht trn ch c ancol etylic c lin kt hiro lin phn t.
D. B v C u ng.
SGK 11 NC 222 => D c k phn A l do lin kt hidro lin phn t
Cu 56: A, B, C l 3 cht hu c c cng cng thc CxHyO. Bit % O (theo khi lng) trong A l 26,66%. Cht c
nhit si thp nht trong s A, B, C l
A. propan-2-ol.
B. propan-1-ol. C. etylmetyl ete.
D. propanal.
Chnh l bi 45 Xem li
on t p n => C3H8O v A, B , C c cng CT vy D l C3H6O andehit c CT : CnH2nO
Tm ra CT xem chuyn 1 Phn tm CT xem trn thaytro.com
Gi CT: CxHyO => %O = 16.100%/(12x+y+16) = 26,66%
12x + y = 44 vi A,B,C c CT l CnH2n+2O
=> 12n + (2n+2) = 44 n = 3 => C3H8O 3 p bi 45 + da vo nhit nh nht => C
Cu 57: Ancol etylic c ln mt t nc, c th dng cht no sau y lm khan ancol ?
A. CaO.
B. CuSO4 khan.
C. P2O5.
D. tt c u c.
Xem li chuyn 1 bi hp th H2O vo bnh 1 => D
CaO + H2O => Ca(OH)2 ;
P2O5 + H2O => H3PO4 ; CuSO4 khan + H2O => CuSO4 dung dch
Cu 58: Phng php iu ch ancol etylic t cht no sau y l phng php sinh ha ?
A. Anehit axetic.
B. Etylclorua.
C. Tinh bt.
D. Etilen.
Phng php sinh ha => C . Tinh bt (C6H10O5)n Ln men => SGK
Cu 59: Anken thch hp iu ch 3-etylpentan-3-ol bng phn ng hirat ha l
A. 3,3-imetyl pent-2-en. B. 3-etyl pent-2-en.
C. 3-etyl pent-1-en.
D. 3-etyl pent-3-en.
V Khi phn ng hidrat ha Phn ng + H2O bi anken OH v H cng vo ni i
=> mch chnh khng thay i => vn l 3 etylpent , v tr ol d nguyn hoc thay i
OH
1 2 3 4 5
C C C C C Mch i xng qua C trung tm => anken duy nht C C = C C C
C
C
C
C
Cu 60: Hirat ha 2-metyl but-2-en thu c sn phm chnh l
A. 2-metyl butan-2-ol.
B. 3-metyl butan-1-ol. C. 3-metyl butan-2-ol. D. 2-metyl butan-1-ol.
Nh bi trn => mch chnh khng thay i => 2 metylbut => loi B v C
Thu c sn phm chnh . => ni i gn vi C v tr th 2
OH gn vi C bc 2 khng th l bc I V sn phm chnh => OH gn vi C bc cao
I 2 II
OH
2 metyl but 2 en : C C = C C => C C - C C => A
C
C
Cu 61: Hirat ha propen v mt olefin A thu c 3 ancol c s C trong phn t khng qu 4. Tn ca A l
A. etilen.
B. but-2-en.
C. isobutilen.
D. A, B u ng.
Propen : C = C C => To ra 2 ancol ; OH C C C hoc C C(OH) C C
Ancol cn li to ra 1 ancol => Mch i xng
A v B u tha mn : C = C ; C C = C C => D
D : isobutilen : C = C(C) C => OH C - C(C) C hoc C (C)C(OH) C Loi
Cu 62: X l hn hp gm hai anken ( th kh trong k thng). Hirat ha X c hn hp Y gm 4 ancol (khng
c ancol bc III). X gm
A. propen v but-1-en.
B. etilen v propen.
C. propen v but-2-en.
D. propen v 2-metylpropen.
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HOCHOAHOC.COM Chuyn trang hc ha hc

Bi 61 => Propen to ra 2 sn phm ; etilen , but 2 1 sn phm => Loi B v C
2 metylpropen l isobutilen => to ra ancol bc III C (C)C(OH) C => Loi V bi
=> A hoc nhn thy anken c ni i v tr 1 lun to ra 2 ancol But 1 en : C = C C C
Cu 63: Hirat ha 2 anken c hn hp Z gm 2 ancol lin tip trong dy ng ng. t chy hon ton 0,53 gam
Z ri hp th ton b sn phm chy vo 2 lt dung dch NaOH 0,05M c dung dch T trong nng ca NaOH
l 0,025M (Gi s th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k). Cng thc cu to ca2 anken l
A. CH2=CH2 v CH2=CHCH3.
B. CH2=CHCH3 v CH2=CHCH2CH3.
C. CH2=CHCH3 v CH3CH=CHCH3.
D. CH2=CHCH3 v CH2=C(CH3)2.
CM cn li = 0,025M => CM p = 0,05 0,025 = 0,025 v NaOH d => Xy ra p trung ha
CO2 + 2NaOH => Na2CO3 + H2O => nCO2 = nNaOH p / 2 = 2.0,025/2 = 0,025 mol
Ancol l ancol no n chc da vo Anken c 1 ni i
Cu 64: Mt chai ng ancol etylic c nhn ghi 25o c ngha l
A. c 100 ml nc th c 25 ml ancol nguyn cht.
B. c 100 gam dung dch th c 25 ml ancol nguyn cht.
C. c 100 gam dung dch th c 25 gam ancol nguyn cht.
D. c 75 ml nc th c 25 ml ancol nguyn cht.

ru = ( V ru x100 ) / V dd ru ; V dung dch ru = V ru + V H2O => D

Cu 65: Pha a gam ancol etylic (d = 0,8 g/ml) vo nc c 80 ml ancol 25o. Gi tr a l
A. 16.
B. 25,6.
C. 32.
D. 40.
Bi 64: ru = ( V ru x100 ) / V dd ru 25 = (Vruou.100)/80 V ru = 20 => mRuou = V.d

= 20.0,8 = 16 g => A
Cu 66: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi ancol etylic l
A. HBr (to), Na, CuO (to), CH3COOH (xc tc). B. Ca, CuO (to), C6H5OH (phenol), HOCH2CH2OH.
C. NaOH, K, MgO, HCOOH (xc tc).
D. Na2CO3, CuO (to), CH3COOH (xc tc), (CHCO)2O.
SGK 11 NC 225 Tnh cht ha hc => A CH3COOH l p iu ch este SGK 11 254
Nu khng lm c thng dng cch loi p n
Loi B v thy ngay Ca khng p Ch p vi Na,K
Loi C v c NaOH ru ch p vi Na
Loi D v c Na2CO3 ru khng p vi mui
Cu 67: Cho cc hp cht sau :
(a) HOCH2CH2OH.
(b) HOCH2CH2CH2OH.
(c) HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH.
(d) CH3CH(OH)CH2OH. (e) CH3CH2OH.
(f) CH3OCH2CH3.
Cc cht u tc dng c vi Na, Cu(OH)2 l
A. (a), (b), (c).
B. (c), (d), (f).
C. (a), (c), (d).
D. (c), (d), (e).
Tc dng Na, Cu(OH)2 => ru c nhm OH lin k : dng C(OH) C(OH) C th l axit nh:
(a) , (c), (d) u c dng trn => C
B loi v OH cch nhau 1 CH2 ; e sai v ch c 1 nhm OH , f sai v khng phi ru
Cu 68: a. Cho s chuyn ha sau (mi mi tn l mt phng trnh phn ng) :
Tinh bt X Y Z metyl axetat. Cc cht Y, Z trong s trn ln lt l
A. CH3COOH, CH3OH.
B. C2H4, CH3COOH.
C. C2H5OH, CH3COOH.
D. CH3COOH, C2H5OH.
SGK 11 NC 227 => X l glucozo , Y l C2H5OH => C
Z l CH3COOH v C2H5OH + O2 => CH3COOH + H2O ; Metylaxetat este CH3COOCH3
CH3COOH + CH3OH => CH3COOCH3 + H2O phn ng iu ch este
b. Cho s chuyn ho : Glucoz X Y CH3COOH. Hai cht X, Y ln lt l
A. CH3CH2OH v CH=CH.
B. CH3CH2OH v CH3CHO.
C. CH3CHO v CH3CH2OH.
D. CH3CH(OH)COOH v CH3CHO.
X l CH3CH2OH => loi C v D => Xt A, B ; vi CH=CH khng c p iu ch CH3COOH
Vi CH3CHO + O2 => CH3COOH => B
Cu 69: Cho Na tc dng va vi 1,24 gam hn hp 3 ancol n chc X, Y, Z thy thot ra 0,336 lt kh H2 (kc).
Khi lng mui natri ancolat thu c l
A. 2,4 gam.
B. 1,9 gam.
C. 2,85 gam.
D. 3,8 gam.
Xem phng php tng gim khi lng . Ancol ROH => Mui RONa => M tng = 22.x g Vi x l nROH
Ta lun c x.nRuou = 2nH2 Vi x l s nhm OH , tng qut hn l s H linh ng hay x.nRuou = mH2
nRuou = 2nH2 v ru n chc => 1 nhm OH = 0,03 mol
mROH = mROH + 22x = 1,24 + 22.0,03 = 1,9 g
Cch khc: BT e => nNa = 2nH2 nNa = 0,03 mol
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HOCHOAHOC.COM Chuyn trang hc ha hc

BT KL => m Ru + mNa = m mui + mH2 1,24 + 0,03.23 = m mui + 0,015.2
m mui = 1,9 g
Cu 70: Cho 7,8 gam hn hp 2 ancol n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng ht vi 4,6 gam Na c
12,25 gam cht rn. l 2 ancol
A. CH3OH v C2H5OH.
B. C2H5OH v C3H7OH.
C. C3H5OH v C4H7OH.
D. C3H7OH v C4H9OH.
p n => Ru no n chc V c dng CnH2n+1OH
Gi CT : CnH2n+1OH ; BT Khi lng => m hn hp ancol + mNa = m Rn mui + mH2
mH2 = 0,15 g => n H2 = 0,075 mol => nRuou = 2nH2 = 0,15 mol AD 69
M ru = 14 n + 18 = 7,8/0,15 n = 2,43 => B
Cu 71: 13,8 gam ancol A tc dng vi Na d gii phng 5,04 lt H2 ktc, bit MA < 100. Vy A c cng thc cu
to thu gn l
A. CH3OH.
B. C2H5OH.
C. C3H6(OH)2.
D. C3H5(OH)3.
Cch 1 : Ly 13,8 chia cho cc p n => B v D tha mn => Xt B hoc D
Cch 2: MA < Cc dng bi thng ly 2 s gn nht hay 2 p n gn nht
=> C, D m loi C v tnh l => D
Cch 3:
p n ru no => CnH2n+2 m(OH)m Hay CnH2n+2OmTm CT theo cch 2 chuyn 1
m. n Ru = 2nH2 n Ru = 2nH2/m = 0,45/m => M ru = 14n + 2 + 16m = 13,8/(0,45/m)
14n + 2 = 44m/3
Ci s / di chnh l s OH , ng vi trng hp /2 v / 3
44m/3 => /3 => c 3 nhm OH => D
Cch 4: 14n + 2 = 44m/3 V 14n + 2 nguyn => 44m/3 nguyn => m = 3 tng qut hn s chia ht cho 3
=> 3 nhm OH => D Hoc th m =3 => n = 3 => D
Cu 72: C hai th nghim sau :
TN 1: Cho 6 gam ancol no, mch h, n chc A tc dng vi m gam Na, thu c 0,075 gam H2.
TN 2: Cho 6 gam ancol no, mch h, n chc A tc dng vi 2m gam Na, thu c khng ti 0,1 gam H2. A c cng
thc l
A. CH3OH.
B. C2H5OH.
C. C3H7OH.
D. C4H7OH.
Ch bi ny khng dng cch chia c v khng bit n p ht hay khng ht
Da vo phn 1 l m g Na ; Phn 2 l 2m g Na Ci ny ch l kinh nghim, nhiu bi tp n thng cho vy,
2010 2009 u c dng nm gia. V phn 2 thng l p ht
TH1 => Ancol d , Na ht
TH2 => ancol ht , Na d V s mol H2 phn H2 khng gp i phn 1 nu Na ht
=> n Ru TH2 < mH2 CT => M ru > 6/0,1 = 60 => D
Cu 73: Cho 12,8 gam dung dch ancol A (trong nc) c nng 71,875% tc dng vi lng Na d thu c 5,6 lt
kh (ktc). Cng thc ca ancol A l
A. CH3OH.
B. C2H4 (OH)2.
C. C3H5(OH)3.
D. C4H7OH.
Cu ny hay thi th 2010. Mnh mong n c trong 2011 Xem phn li gii cc nm thi H khi A , B
Cch 1: m ru = 12,8.71,875/100% = 9,2 g . Mo ly 9,2 chia cc p n => C p
Cch 2: => m H2O = mdd m ru = 12,8 9,2 = 3,6 g
V p vi Na d => H2O c p to ra H2 v ru cng p to ra H2
PT : 2Na + 2H2O => 2NaOH + H2 => nH2 to thnh do H2O = nH2O / 2 = 0,1 mol
nH2 to ra do ancol = 0,25 0,1 = 0,15 mol
x . n Ru = 2nH2 n Ru = 0,3 / x => M ru = 9,2/(0,3/x) = 92x / 3 => x = 3 V M nguyn
M = 92 => C
Cu 74: Ancol A tc dng vi Na d cho s mol H2 bng s mol A dng. t chy hon ton A c mCO2 =
1,833mH2O. A c cu to thu gn l
A. C2H4(OH)2.
B. C3H6(OH)2.
C. C3H5(OH)3.
D. C4H8(OH)2.
n Ru = nH2 => Ru c 2 nhm OH => Loi C v CT : CnH2n(OH)2 hay CnH2n+2O2
mCO2 = 1,833mH2O => chn mH2O = 18g => mCO2 = 33 g V ancol no , p n
=> n = nCO2 / (nH2O nCO2) = 0,75 / (1 0,75) = 3 => C3H6(OH)2 => B Xem CT tnh nhanh trong chuyn
gii nhanh bng ha hu c
Cu 75: un 12 gam axit axetic vi 13,8 gam etanol (c H2SO4 c lm xc tc) n khi phn ng t ti trng thi cn
bng thu c 11 gam este. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho l
A. 55%.
B. 50%.
C. 62,5%.
D. 75%.
PT : CH3COOH (Axit axetic) + C2H5OH (etanol) => CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
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HOCHOAHOC.COM Chuyn trang hc ha hc

Ban u
0,2 mol
0,3mol
P
0,2 mol
=> 0,2 mol (V C2H5OH d )
mPT CH3COOC2H5 (este) = 0,2.88=17,6 g
H% sn phm = m thc t . 100% / mPT = 11.100% / 1 7,6 = 62,5 % => C
Cu 76: Khi thc hin phn ng este ho 1 mol CH3COOH v 1 mol C2H5OH, lng este ln nht thu c l 2/3
mol. t hiu sut cc i l 90% (tnh theo axit) khi tin hnh este ho 1 mol CH3COOH cn s mol C2H5OH l
(bit cc phn ng este ho thc hin cng nhit )
A. 0,342.
B. 2,925.
C. 2,412.
D. 0,456.
i hc phn nng cao
Xt ban u
PT : CH3COOH
+
C2H5OH
=> CH3COOC2H5
+ H2O
Ban u
1 mol
1mol
P
2/3 mol <=
2/3 mol
2/3 mol =>
2/3 mol
Sau p
1/3 mol
1/3 mol
2/3 mol
2/3 mol
=> Kcb K cn bng Xem SGK bi cui cng = [CH3COOC2H5].[H2O] / [CH3COOH].[C2H5OH] K hi [X]
l nng M ca cht X
= ((2/3).(2/3))/((1/3).(1/3)) = 4
Xt khi H% cc i = 90%
PT : CH3COOH
+
C2H5OH
=> CH3COOC2H5
+ H2O
Ban u
1mol
x mol
P
0,9 mol V H%=90 0,9 mol
=> 0,9mol
0,9 mol
Sau p
0,1
x 0,9
0,9
0,9
=> Kcb = 0,9.0,9 / 0,1.(x-0,9) = 4 V Kcb ca p khng thay i => gii ra x = 2,925 => B
Cu 77: Khi un nng butan-2-ol vi H2SO4 c 170oC th nhn c sn phm chnh l
A. but-2-en.
B. ibutyl ete.
C. ietyl ete.
D. but-1-en.
nhit 170 => To ra anken => Loi B v D
Sn phm chnh => OH tch cng vi H C bc cao
I
II
Butan 2 ol :
C C(OH) C C => C C = C C => A
Cu 78: Khi un nng 2 trong s 3 ancol CH4O, C2H6O, C3H8O vi xc tc, nhit thch hp ch thu c 1 olefin
duy nht th 2 ancol l
A. CH4O v C2H6O.
B. CH4O v C3H8O.
C. A, B ng.
D. C3H8O v C2H6O.
CH4O khng to ra olefin anken v C2H6O to ra 1 anken duy nht C C OH => C = C
C3H8O hay OH C C C => Ch to ra 1 anken C = C - C
Hoc C C(OH)-C => C = C C => ging nhau => ch to ra 1 anken
=> A v B tha mn to ra 1 anken => C
Cu 79: Khi tch nc ca ancol C4H10O c hn hp 3 anken ng phn ca nhau (tnh c ng phn hnh hc).
Cng thc cu to thu gn ca ancol l
A. CH3CHOHCH2CH3.
B. (CH3)2CHCH2OH.
C. (CH3)3COH.
D. CH3CH2CH2CH2OH.
3anken ng phn => c p hnh hc => OH gn vi C bc II hoc III v OH gn vi C bc I => ch to ra 1 anken
Loi B v D
Xt A hoc C ;
CH3 CH CH2 CH3
=> CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 v CH3 CH=CH-CH3 p hnh
hc
OH
=> A
, C ch to ra 1 anken
Cu 80: Hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t l C5H12O, khi tch nc to hn hp 3 anken ng phn (k c
ng phn hnh hc). X c cu to thu gn l
A. CH3CH2CHOHCH2CH3.
B. (CH3)3CCH2OH.
C. (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH.
D. CH3CH2CH2CHOHCH3.
Bi 79 => OH gn vi C bc II hoc bc III => Loi B v C
Xt A. CH3 CH2 CH(OH) CH2 CH3 => CH3 CH2 =CH CH2 CH3 p hnh hc => 2 anken =>Loi
=> D OH gn vi C trung tm ca mch hay i xng qua n
Cu 81: Khi un nng hn hp ancol etylic v ancol isopropylic vi H2SO4 c 140oC c th thu c s ete ti a
l
A. 2.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 3.
CT tnh ete : = n(n+1)/2 Vi n l s ru tham gia p => n = 2 => S ete = 3 => D
Cu 82: Khi un nng hn hp gm C2H5OH v C3H7OH vi H2SO4 c 140oC c th thu c s ete ti a l
A. 6.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 3.
Bi 81 => D
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HOCHOAHOC.COM Chuyn trang hc ha hc

Cu 83: un nng hn hp gm 3 ancol l AOH, BOH v ROH vi H2SO4 c 140oC th thu c ti a bao
nhiu ete ?
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 6.
Bi 81 => D
Cu 84: un nng hn hp n ancol n chc khc nhau vi H2SO4 c 140oC th s ete thu c ti a
l
A.

n(n 1)
2

B.

2n(n 1)
.
2

C.

n2
.
2

D. n!

Bi 81 => A
H2SO4 c , 170 C
HCl
Cu 85: Cho s chuyn ha : But-1-en
E
A NaOH

B
Tn ca E l
A. propen.
B. ibutyl ete.
C. but-2-en.
D. isobutilen.
Cc phn ng trung gian => khng lm thay i s C v v tr mch chnh V ch l p cng v th => Loi A ,D
nhit 170 => Loi B v to ra anken => C
P : But 1 en : C = C C C + HCl => C C(Cl) C C +NaOH => C C(OH) C C => C C = C C
=> C p u l cng , p 2 l phn ng th bi dn xut, p 3 l tch H2O => to ra sn phm chnh l C
Cu 86: un nng hn hp gm hai ru (ancol) n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng vi H2SO4
c 140oC. Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu c 6 gam hn hp gm ba ete v 1,8 gam nc. Cng thc phn t
ca hai ru trn l
A. CH3OH v C2H5OH.
B. C2H5OH v C3H7OH.
C. C3H5OH v C4H7OH.
D. C3H7OH v C4H9OH.
A, B , D l ancol no n chc => Xt Ancol no n chc : CnH2n+1OH hn hp
BT khi lng => m ancol p = m ete + mH2O v p ancol => ete + H2O = 7,8 g
n hh ancol p = 2nH2O V lun c 2 ancol p => 1 H2O VD; CH3OH + CH3OH => CH3 O CH3 + H2O
=> n ancol p = 0,2 mol => M ancol = 14 n + 18 = 7,8/0,2 = 1,5 => A
Cu 87: un nng t t hn hp etanol v propan-2-ol vi H2SO4 c c th thu c ti a s sn phm hu c l
A. 3.
B. 2.
C. 5.
D. 4.
2 anken v 3 ete => 5 cht => C etanol C2H5OH => to ra 1 anken ; Propan - 2 ol C C(OH) C => to ra 1
anken ; s ete = cng thc = 3
Cu 88: C bao nhiu ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C8H10O, u l dn xut ca benzen, khi tch nc cho
sn phm c th trng hp to polime ?
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Sn phm c th trng hp to polime => C ni i C ngoi vng benzen
p : C6H5 CH2 CH2 OH => C6H5 CH=CH2 Stiren
C6H5 CH(OH) CH2 => C6H5 CH =CH2 Stiren => c 2 p => B
Cu 89: A l ancol n chc c % O (theo khi lng) l 18,18%. A cho phn ng tch nc to 3 anken. A c tn l
A. Pentan-1-ol.
B. 2-metylbutan-2-ol.
C. pentan-2-ol. D. 2,2-imetyl propan-1-ol.
p n => Ancol no n chc v u l an hay ankan , v ol hay 1 ol => CnH2n+1OH
%O = 16.100% / (14n + 18) = 18,18% n = 5 => C5H11OH
To ra 3 anken => OH gn vi C bc II hoc III => Loi A, D
Xt B : 2 metylbutan 2 ol ;
I
II
C C(C) C C => C C(C) = C C v C = C(C) C C
C 2 cht u khng c p hnh hc => loi B => C
OH
Cu 90: hirat ha 14,8 gam ancol thu c 11,2 gam anken. CTPT ca ancol l
A. C2H5OH.
B. C3H7OH.
C. C4H9OH.
D. CnH2n + 1OH.
Cch 1 mo => Ly 14,8 chia cc p n => C
hidrat => Tch H2O => mancol = manken + mH2O mH2O = 3,6 g => nH2O = nRuou = 0,2 mol
=> M ruou = 14n + 18 = 14,8 / 0,2 n = 4 => C
Cu 91: un nng hn hp X gm 2 ancol n chc lin tip trong dy ng ng vi H2SO4 c 140oC. Sau phn
ng c hn hp Y gm 5,4 gam nc v 19,4 gam 3 ete. Hai ancol ban u l
A. CH3OH v C2H5OH.
B. C2H5OH v C3H7OH.
C. C3H5OH v C4H7OH.
D. C3H7OH v C4H9OH.
o

Ging bi 86 => m Ancol = m H2O + m hh ete ; n Ancol = 2nH2O => n = 1,67 => A
Cu 92: un nng hn hp X gm 0,1 mol CH3OH v 0,2 mol C2H5OH vi H2SO4 c 140oC, khi lng ete thu
c l
A. 12,4 gam.
B. 7 gam.
C. 9,7 gam.
D. 15,1 gam.
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HOCHOAHOC.COM Chuyn trang hc ha hc

Ta lun c n hh Ancol = 2nH2O => nH2O = (0,1 + 0,2)/2 = 0,15 mol
=> m hn hp ete = m hn ru m H2O = 0,1.32 + 0,2 .46 0,15.18 = 9,7 g => C
Cu 93: un nng ancol n chc X vi H2SO4 c 140oC thu c Y. T khi hi ca Y i vi X l 1,4375. X l
A. CH3OH.
B. C2H5OH.
C. C3H7OH.
D. C4H9OH.
Dng bi ny c mo. p n => Ancol c dng : CnH2n+1OH
140oC => To ra ete =>
2X
=>
Y + H2O
Ta c 2MX = MY + 18 Bo ton Nguyn t khi PT
=> MY = 1,4375MX gii h => MX = 32 => CH3OH
Rt ra mo . Dng bi 140oC => MY = k.MX k>1 do 2 MX = MY + 18 v MX 32 vi Ancol thp nht CH3OH
s cho => Th vo 2MX = MY + 18 => MX (2 k) = 18 => MX = 18/(2-k)
Nh bi trn => k = 1,4375 => M = 32
Cu 94: un nng hn hp hai ancol n chc, mch h vi H2SO4 c, thu c hn hp gm cc ete. Ly 7,2 gam
mt trong cc ete em t chy hon ton, thu c 8,96 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) v 7,2 gam H2O. Hai ancol l
A. C2H5OH v CH2=CHCH2OH.
B. C2H5OH v CH3OH.
C. CH3OH v C3H7OH.
D. CH3OH v CH2=CHCH2OH.
H: nCO2 = nH2O => ete c cha 1 lin kt i => 1 trong 2 ancol c 1 lin kt i => Loi B v C
Ete c 1 lin kt i => c dng CnH2nO => nCnH2nO = nCO2 / n = 0,4 / n
M CnH2nO = 14n + 16 = 7,2 / (0,4/n) 4 = Tng s C ca 2 ancol => D tha mn
A loi v = 5
Ch khi p to ra ete nu cng tt c C , H ca cc ete => s ra sn phm l p gia 2 ancol
Cu 95: Khi un nng mt ancol n chc no A vi H2SO4 c iu kin nhit thch hp thu c sn phm B
c t khi hi so vi A l 0,7. Vy cng thc ca A l
A. C4H7OH.
B. C3H7OH.
C. C3H5OH.
D. C2H5OH.
MB = 0,7 MA => sn phm to ra Anken > 1 l to ra ete V p tch nc t ru
A => B + H2O => MA = MB + 18 ; MB = 0,7.MA => th vo => MA = 60 => B
T => CT : MA = 18 / (1-k)
Cu 96: un nng mt ru (ancol) n chc X vi dung dch HSO4 c trong iu kin nhit thch hp sinh ra
cht hu c Y, t khi hi ca X so vi Y l 1,6428. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C3H8O.
B. C2H6O.
C. CH4O.
D. C4H8O.
MX = 1,6428MY => MY = 0,6087MX => k < 1 => AD 95 => MX = 46 => B
Cu 97: Ch ra dy cc cht khi tch nc to 1 anken duy nht ?
A. Metanol ; etanol ; butan -1-ol.
B. Etanol; butan -1,2-iol ; 2-metylpropan-1-ol.
C. Propanol-1; 2-metylpropan-1-ol; 2,2 imetylpropan-1-ol.
D. Propan-2-ol ; butan -1-ol ; pentan -2-ol.
Ancol tch H2O => anken duy nht => OH gn vi v tr C bc I => C v OH gn vi C v tr 1
A loi v metanol CH3OH khng to ra anken , B sai v butan 1,2 iol c OH gn vi v tr C th 2 hay bc II
D loi v pentan 2 ol
Cu 98: Ancol X n chc tch nc ch to mt anken duy nht. t chy mt lng X c 11 gam CO2 v 5,4
gam H2O. X c th c bao nhiu cng thc cu to ph hp ?
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
nCO2 = 0,25 mol ; nH2O = 0,3 mol => Ru no v nH2O > nCO2 . xem phn pp gii nhanh ha hu c
n = nCO2 / (nH2O nCO2) = 5 => C5H11OH => Xem bi 41 => C : 4 CT cu to tha mn.
Cu 99: un nng hn hp X gm 2 ancol n chc no (c H2SO4 c lm xc tc) 140oC. Sau khi phn ng c
hn hp Y gm 21,6 gam nc v 72 gam ba ete c s mol bng nhau. Cng thc 2 ancol ni trn l
A. CH3OH v C2H5OH. B. C2H5OH v C3H7OH. C. C2H5OH v C3H7OH. D. C3H7OH v C4H9OH.
Xem bi 86 => n = 1,5 => A
Cu 100: un nng V (ml) ancol etylic 95o vi H2SO4 c 170oC c 3,36 lt kh etilen (ktc). Bit hiu sut
phn ng l 60% v ancol etylic nguyn cht c d = 0,8 g/ml. Gi tr ca V (ml) l
A. 8,19.
B. 10,18.
C. 12.
D. 15,13.
Ancol etylic C2H5OH ; nC2H5OH = nAnken = 0,15 mol Phn ng t l 1 : 1
H% p = nPT . 100% / nB n Ru ban u = 0,15.100% / 60 = 0,25 mol => mC2H5OH = 11,5 g
V C2H5OH = 11,5/0,8 = 14,375 ml => ru = V C2H5OH . 100 / V
V = 14,375.100 / 95 = 15,13 ml => D
Cu 101: Ancol no b oxi ha to xeton ?
A. propan-2-ol.
B. butan-1-ol.
C. 2-metyl propan-1-ol.D. propan-1-ol.
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HOCHOAHOC.COM Chuyn trang hc ha hc

Ancol b oxi ha to ra xeton => Ancol c OH gn vi C bc II hay ancol bc II => A v 2 ol v khng c nhnh
B , C , D u c OH gn vi C bc I 1 ol
Cu 102: Ancol no n chc tc dng c vi CuO to anehit l
A. ancol bc 2.
B. ancol bc 3.
C. ancol bc 1. D. ancol bc 1 v ancol bc 2.
Ancol n chc phn ng vi CuO to ra andehit => Ancol c OH gn vi C bc I hay ancol bc I =>C
Cu 103: Oxi ha 6 gam ancol no X thu c 5,8 gam anehit. CTPT ca ancol l
A. CH3CH2OH.
B. CH3CH(OH)CH3. C. CH3CH2CH2OH. D. Kt qu khc.
Ly 6 chia cho p n => C
Cch khc . Tng gim khi lng : T Ru CnH2n+1OH => CnH2nO andehit => Gim 2 g mt i 2 hidro
PT : CnH2n+1OH + CuO => CnH2nO + Cu + H2O
=> n Ru = (m ru m andehit) / 2 =0,1 mol => MX = 6/0,1 = 60 => C
Cu 104: Cho m gam ancol n chc, no, mch h qua bnh ng CuO (d) nung nng. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon
ton, khi lng cht rn trong bnh gim 0,32 gam. Hn hp thu c c t khi hi i vi H2 l 19. Gi tr m l
A. 1,48 gam.
B. 1,2 gam.
C. 0,92 gam.
D. 0,64 gam.
Cch 1: H. T CuO => Cu => M gim 16g Mt i 1 Oxi
nCuO = 0,32 / 16 = 0,02 mol
PT : CnH2n+1OH +CuO => CnH2nO + Cu + H2O Ch H2O l hi khng phi lng
Hn hp thu c l CnH2nO v H2O
Ta c nCuO = nCnH2nO = nH2O = 0,02 mol => m hn hp = mCnH2nO + mH2O = 0,04 mol
BT KL : m Ru + mCuO = mCnH2nO + mCu + mH2O
m Ru = (mCnH2nO + mH2O) - (mCuO mCu)
= m hn hp - m gim = 38.0,04 0,32 = 1,2 g
Cch 2:
Ta lun c m Ru = m Andehit + 2.n Ru V gim 2 H khi oxi ha: t CnH2n+1OH => CnH2nO
M hn hp = mAndehit + mH2O / (nAndehit + nH2O) 38 = (m andehit + 0,02.18)/0,04
=> m andehit = 1,16 g => m ru = 1,16 + 0,02.2 = 1,2 g
Cch 3: Tm n ta c M andehit = 14n + 16 = 1,16/0,02 n = 3 => Ru C3H7OH => m = 0,02.60 = 1,2 g
Cu 105*: Oxi ha 4 gam ancol n chc A bng oxi khng kh (c xc tc v un nng) thu c 5,6 gam hn hp
anehit, ancol d v nc. A c cng thc l
A. CH3OH.
B. C2H5OH.
C. C3H5OH.
D. C3H7OH.
Cch 1 : Ly 4 g chia cho p n => A p nht.
P :
CnH2n+1OH + O => CnH2nO + H2O
BT khi lng : m ru A + mO = m hn hp sau p mO = 1,6 g => nO = n Ru = n Andehit = nH2O = 0,1 mol
Ta c ru d => m Ru p < 4 => M ru < 4/0,1 = 40 => A tha mn
Cu 106: Oxi ha 6 gam ancol n chc A bng oxi khng kh (c xc tc v un nng) thu c 8,4 gam hn hp
anehit, ancol d v nc. Phn trm A b oxi ha l
A. 60%.
B. 75%.
C. 80%.
D. 53,33%.
Tng t bi 105 => n Ru p = nOxi = 0,15 mol => M ru < 6/0,15 = 40 => Ch c CH3OH
=> m CH3OH p = 32.0,15 = 4,8g => %A b oxi ha = 4,8.100%/6 = 80%
Cu 107: Dn m gam hi ancol n chc A qua ng ng CuO (d) nung nng. Sau khi phn ng hon ton thy
khi lng cht rn trong ng gim 0,5m gam. Ancol A c tn l
A. metanol.
B. etanol.
C. propan-1-ol. D. propan-2-ol.
T CuO => CuO => M gim = 16 g Mt 1 oxi
=> n Ru = nCuO = 0,5m/16 => M ru = m / (0,5m/16) = 32 => CH3OH hay metanol => A
Cu 108: Dn hi C2H5OH qua ng ng CuO nung nng c hn hp X gm anehit, ancol d v nc. Cho X
tc dng vi Na d c 4,48 lt H2 ktc. Khi lng hn hp X l (bit ch c 80% ancol b oxi ha)
A. 13,8 gam
B. 27,6 gam.
C. 18,4 gam.
D. 23,52 gam.
X gm C2H5OH d , andehit , H2O => Ta lun c nC2H5OH d +nH2O = 2nH2O
Mt khc ta c nH2O = nC2H5OH p => nC2H5OH ban u = 2nH2O = 0,4 mol
nC2H5OH p = 0,8.0,4 = 0,32 mol v ch p 80% = nCuO = nCu
m Ru ban u + mCuO = m hn hp X + mCu
0,4 . 46 + 0,32.80 = m hn hp X + 0,32.64 m hn hp X = 23,52
C th dng tng 16 g i vi CuO ,Cu
Cu 109: Dn hi C2H5OH qua ng ng CuO nung nng c 11,76 gam hn hp X gm anehit, ancol d v
nc. Cho X tc dng vi Na d c 2,24 lt H2 ( ktc). % ancol b oxi ho l
A. 80%.
B. 75%.
C. 60%.
D. 50%.
Ngc li bi 108 => nC2H5OH ban u = 2nH2 = 0,2 mol
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HOCHOAHOC.COM Chuyn trang hc ha hc

m Ru ban u + mCuO = m hn hp X + mCu
0,2.46 + x.80 = 11,76 + x.64 vi x l nC2H5OH p => x = 0,16 mol
=> %C2H5OH b oxi ha = x.100% / 0,2 = 80%
Cu 110: t chy mt ancol X c n H 2O n CO2 . Kt lun no sau y l ng nht?
A. X l ancol no, mch h.
B. X l ankaniol.
C. X l ankanol n chc.
D. X l ancol n chc mch h.
nH2O > nCO2 => ancol no , mch h => A Ging ca ankan
Cu 111: Khi t chy ng ng ca ancol n chc thy t l s mol n CO2 : n H 2O tng dn. Ancol trn thuc dy
ng ng ca
A. ancol khng no.
B. ancol no.
C. ancol thm.
D. khng xc nh c.
Xem chuyn hidrocacbon no => vi ancol no => nCO2 / nH2O = n / (n+1) = 1 1/(n+1) bit tng mo xt n =
1 v n = 2 so sch => Lun tng khi n tng n l s C hay CnH2n+1OH
Cu 112: t chy hon ton m gam ancol n chc A c 6,6 gam CO2 v 3,6 gam H2O. Gi tr m l
A. 10,2 gam.
B. 2 gam.
C. 2,8 gam.
D. 3 gam.
Cch 1: nCO2 = 0,15 mol ; nH2O = 0,2 mol => n = nCO2 / (nH2O nCO2) = 3 => C3H7OH v nH2O > nCO2 =>
c dng CnH2n+2Oz
nC3H7OH = nCO2 / 3 = 0,05 mol => m = 3 g
Cch 2: nO2 = (2nCO2 + nH2O)/2 = 0,25 mol ; BTKL => m ru + mO2 = mCO2 + mH2O => m ru = 3 g
Cch 3: Xt x : y = nCO2 / 2nH2O = 3/8 => C3H8O v n chc nn c 1 Oxi => cch 1
Cu 113: t chy mt ancol n chc, mch h X thu c CO2 v hi nc theo t l th tch
VCO2 : VH 2O 4 : 5 . CTPT ca X l
A. C4H10O.
B. C3H6O.
C. C5H12O.
D. C2H6O.
Cch 1 :x : y = VCO2 / 2VH2O = 4 / 10 => Ancol C4H10O v n chc => c 1 Oxi
Cch 2 : VCO2 : VH2O = 4 : 5 t l th tch = t l s mol => chn nCO2 = 4 mol ; nH2O = 5 mol
n = nCO2 / (nH2O nCO2) = 4 => C4H10O v nH2O > nCO2 => c dng CnH2n+2Oz
Cu 114: t chy mt ancol a chc thu c H2O v CO2 c t l mol n H 2O : n CO2 3 : 2 . Vy ancol l
A. C3H8O2.
B. C2H6O2.
C. C4H10O2.
D. tt c u sai.
nH2O : nCO2 = 3 : 2 => chn nH2O = 3 ; nCO2 = 2 => n = nCO2 / (nH2O nCO2) = 2 v nH2O > nCO2 => c
dng CnH2n+2Oz
=> C2H6Oz v a chc + nhn p n => C2H6O2 => B
Cu 115: Khi t chy mt ancol a chc thu c nc v kh CO2 theo t l khi lng
m H 2O : mCO2 27 : 44 . CTPT ca ancol l
A. C5H10O2.
B. C2H6O2.
C. C3H8O2.
D. C4H8O2.
mH2O : mCO2 = 27 : 44 => chn mH2O = 27 g => mCO2 = 44 g ; nH2O = 1,5 mol ; nCO2 = 1 mol
=> n = nCO2 / (nH2O nCO2) = 2 => B v ch ch 2 C
Cu 116: t chy hon ton 5,8 gam ancol n chc X thu c 13,2 gam CO2 v 5,4 gam H2O. Xc nh X
A. C4H7OH.
B. C2H5OH.
C. C3H5OH.
D. tt c u sai.
Cch 1: ly 5,8 chia p n => C
Cch 2: nCO2 = nH2O =0,3 mol => Ancol CnH2nO => nAncol = nCO2 / n = 0,3 / n
=> M ancol = 14n + 16 = 5,8 / (0,3/n) n = 3 => C3H6O hay C3H5OH => C
Cu 117: Ba ancol X, Y, Z u bn v c khi lng phn t khc nhau. t chy mi cht u sinh ra CO2 v H2O
theo t l mol n CO2 : n H 2O = 3 : 4. Vy CTPT ba ancol l
A. C2H6O ; C3H8O ; C4H10O.
B. C3H8O ; C3H8O2 ; C3H8O3.
C. C3H8O ; C4H10O ; C5H10O.
D. C3H6O ; C3H6O2 ; C3H6O3.
V t chy mi cht => n = nCO2 / (nH2O nCO2) = 3 => B v l Ancol no do nH2O > nCO2 cch chn nh
bi trn nCO2 = 3 ; nH2O = 4
Cu 118: t chy ru A bng O2 va nhn thy: nCO2 : nO2 : nH2O = 4 : 5: 6. A c cng thc phn t l
A. C2H6O.
B. C2H6O2.
C. C3H8O.
D. C4H10O.
nCO2 : nO2 : nH2O = 4 : 5 : 6 => chn nCO2 = 4 mol => nO2 = 5mol ; nH2O = 6 mol
n = nCO2 / (nH2O nCO2) = 2 => C2H6Oz
Hoc x : y = nCO2 / 2nH2O = 2 / 6 => C2H6Oz
Cch 1: nC2H6Oz = nCO2 / 2 = 2 mol => AD x + y/4 z/2 = nO2 / nX
2 + 6/4 z/2 = 5/2 z = 2 => C2H6O2
Cch 2 : nC2H6Oz = nCO2 / 2 = 2 mol
BT NT Oxi : z . nC2H6Oz + 2nO2 = 2nCO2 + nH2O => z = 2
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HOCHOAHOC.COM Chuyn trang hc ha hc

Cch 3: Nh cng thc nO2 / nAncol = n,5 => bi trn nO2 / nC2H6Oz = 5/2 = 2,5 => s C = s OH => z = 2
Cu 119: t chy ancol ch cha mt loi nhm chc A bng O2 va nhn thy :
nCO2 : nO2 : nH2O = 6: 7: 8. A c c im l
A. Tc dng vi Na d cho nH2 = 1,5nA. B. Tc dng vi CuO un nng cho ra hp cht a chc.
C. Tch nc to thnh mt anken duy nht.
D. Khng c kh nng ha tan Cu(OH)2.
nCO2 : nO2 : nH2O = 6 : 7 : 8 => chn nCO2 = 6 mol => nO2 = 7 mol ; nH2O = 8 mol
n = nCO2 / (nH2O nCO2 ) = 3 => C3H8Oz hoc x : y = nCO2 / 2nH2O = 3 / 8 =>C3H8Oz
AD bi 118 => z = 3 => C3H8O3 hay C3H5(OH)3 => 3nC3H5(OH)3 = 2nH2 CT => A
Nh nO2 / nX = n,5 , n l s C v s OH
Cu 120: Ancol n chc A chy cho mCO2 : mH2O = 11: 9. t chy hon ton 1 mol A ri hp th ton b sn
phm chy vo 600 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M th lng kt ta l
A. 11,48 gam.
B. 59,1gam.
C. 39,4gam.
D. 19,7gam.
mCO2 : mH2O = 11 : 9 => chn mCO2 = 11 g ; mH2O = 9 g => nCO2 , nH2O
n = nCO2 / (nCO2 nH2O) = 1 => CH3OH Ancol A
t 1 mol CH3OH => 1 mol CO2
ADCT : nCO3(2-) hay BaCO3 kt ta = nOH- - nCO2 = 2nBa(OH)2 nCO2 = 1,2 1 = 0,2 mol
m BaCO3 = 39,4 g => C
Cu 121: X l mt ancol no, mch h. t chy 0,05 mol X cn 4 gam oxi. X c cng thc l
A. C3H5(OH)3.
B. C3H6(OH)2.
C. C2H4(OH)2.
D. C4H8(OH)2.
nO2 / nX = 2,5 => C2H4(OH)2 Dng bi s C = s nhm OH chuyn 1 hay bi ging nguyn tn trung
Cu 122: t chy hon ton ancol X c CO2 v H2O c t l mol tng ng l 3: 4, th tch oxi cn dng t
chy X bng 1,5 ln th tch CO2 thu c (o cng k). X l
A. C3H8O.
B. C3H8O2.
C. C3H8O3.
D. C3H4O.
x : y = nCO2 / 2nH2O = 3/8 => C3H8Oz
Cch 1:VO2 = 1,5 VCO2 => chn nCO2 = 3 mol => nO2 = 4,5 mol ; => nC3H8Oz = nCO2 / 3 = 1 mol
=> (3 + 8/4 z/2) = nO2 / nC3H8Oz = 4,5 => z = 1 => C3H8O
Cch 2: Vit PT C3H8Oz + (3 + 8/4 z/2)O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O
1,5 mol
1 mol Chn nCO2 = 1mol => nO2 = 1,5 mols
=> 3 + 8/4 - z/2 = 1,5.3 => z = 1
Cu 123: X l mt ancol (ru) no, mch h. t chy hon ton 0,05 mol X cn 5,6 gam oxi, thu c hi nc v 6,6
gam CO2. Cng thc ca X l
A. C3H5(OH)3.
B. C3H6(OH)2.
C. C2H4(OH)2.
D. C3H7OH.
Cch 1 :nO2 / nX = 3,5 => C3H5(OH)3
Cch 2: Ru no : CnH2n+2Oz => n = nCO2 / nX = 3 => C3H8Oz
(3+8/4 z/2) = nO2 / nX = 3,5 => z = 3 => C3H8O3 hay C3H5(OH)3
Cu 124*: X l hn hp 2 ancol n chc, cng dy ng ng, c ty l khi lng 1:1. t chy ht X c 21,45
gam CO2 v 13,95 gam H2O. Vy X gm 2 ancol l
A. CH3OH v C2H5OH.
B. CH3OH v C4H9OH.
C. CH3OH v C3H7OH.
D. C2H5OH v C3H7OH.
Cc p n u no n chc => n hn hp ru = nH2O nCO2 = 0,2875 mol
BTNT Oxi : n hn hp ru + 2n O2 = 2nCO2 + nH2O nO2 = 0,73125
m hn hp ru = mCO2 + mH2O mO2 = 12 g => m ru 1 = m ru 2 = 6 g V t l khi lng 1 : 1
Cch 1:
M trung bnh hn hp ru = 12 / 0,2875 = 41,74 = 14n + 18 CnH2n+1OH n = 1,69 n trung bnh
nh => Loi D
V m ru 1 hoc 2 = 6 g => Chc chn c C3H7OH v chia p => C
Cch 2: th p n tnh ra s mol + th d kin BTNT C => n . nA + m.nB = nCO2 n , m l s C ca 2 ru
Cch 3: Th p n : Nu dng my tnh Fx 570 th nhanh hn 500 bm vo h 2 PT
BTNT C => n.x + m.y = nCO2
BTNT H => (2n+2)x + (2m + 2)y = 2nH2O Vi ru c CT l : CnH2n+2 ; CmH2m+2
Th tng p n => C p nht vi n = 1 v m = 3 v tha mn iu kin m 1 = m 2 = 6 g Cch ny khng tm m =
6 g cng c

Cch 4: p n => Ancol no n chc.

n hn hp ancol = nH2O nCO2 = 0,2875 mol
=> n tb = nCO2 / (nH2O nCO2) = 1,7 => C CH3OH
m hn hp ancol= mH + mC + O = 2.nH2O + 12.nCO2 + (nH2O nCO2).16 = 12 g
t l khi lng l 1:1=> mCH3OH=6g, m ancol cn li=6g
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HOCHOAHOC.COM Chuyn trang hc ha hc

mCH3OH=6g => nCH3OH=0.1875mol, n ancol cn li= 0.2875-0.1875=0.1 mol

=> M ancol cn li = 60 => C3H7OH.
Cu 125: t chy hon ton a gam ancol X ri hp th ton b sn phm chy vo bnh nc vi trong d thy khi
lng bnh tng b gam v c c gam kt ta. Bit b = 0,71c v c =

ab
. X c cu to thu gn l
1,02

A. C2H5OH.
B. C2H4(OH)2.
C. C3H5(OH)3.
D. C3H6(OH)2.
b = 0,71c ; c = (a + b)/1,02
kt ta CaCO3 => Chn c = 100 g Mo chn MCaCO3 => b = 71 g th vo => a = 31 g
nCaCO3 = nCO2 = 1 mol , m bnh tng = mCO2 + mH2O = 71 44 + mH2O = 71 mH2O = 27 g
=> nH2O = 1,5 mol => n Ancol = nH2O nCO2 = 0,5 mol => M X = 31 / 0,5 = 62 => B
Cu 126: t chy hon ton a gam hn hp gm metanol v butan-2-ol c 30,8 gam CO2 v 18 gam H2O. Gi tr
a l
A. 30,4 gam.
B. 16 gam.
C. 15,2 gam.
D. 7,6 gam.
Cch 1: n = nCO2 / (nH2O nCO2) = 7/3 => C 7 H 7 O hay C 7 H 20 O v 2 ancol cho u no
3

2. +2
3

n C 7 H 20 O = nCO2 / (7/3) = 0,3 mol => m = 0,3 . 152/3 = 15,2 g => C

3

Cch 2 : n hn hp ru = nH2O - nCO2 = 1 0.7 = 0,3 mol

BTNT Oxi : n hn hp Ru + 2nO2 = 2nCO2 + nH2O nO2 = 1,05 mol v Ru u no => c 1 oxi
BTKL => m + mO2 = mCO2 + mH2O m = 15,2 g
Cu 127: t chy hon ton 0,4 mol hn hp X gm ancol metylic, ancol etylic v ancol isopropylic ri hp th ton
b sn phm chy vo nc vi trong d c 80 gam kt ta. Th tch oxi (ktc) ti thiu cn dng l
A. 26,88 lt.
B. 23,52 lt.
C. 21,28 lt.
D. 16,8 lt.
nCO2 = nCaCO3 = 0,8 mol => nH2O = nRuou + nCO2 v ru no = 1,2 mol
BTNT Oxi => nhn hp ru + 2nO2 = 2nCO2 + nH2O 0,4 + 2nO2 = 2.0,8 + 1,2 nO2 = 1,2 mol => V = 26,88
lt => A
Cu 128: t chy hn hp X gm 2 ancol c s mol bng nhau thu c hn hp CO2 v H2O theo l mol tng
ng 2 : 3. X gm
A. CH3OH v C2H5OH.
C. C2H5OH v C2H4(OH)2.
B. C3H7OH v C3H6(OH)2.
D. C2H5OH v C3H7OH.
Tng x / Tng y = nCO2 / 2nH2O = 1/3 => C tha mn v s C = 4 ; s H = 12 v do n 2 ancol bng nhau.
Cu 129: t chy hon ton a mol ancol A c b mol CO2 v c mol H2O. Bit a = c - b. Kt lun no sau y ng
?
A. A l ancol no, mch vng.
B. A l ancol no, mch h.
C. A la 2ancol cha no.
C. A l ancol thm.
a = nAncol = nH2O nCO2 => ancol no , mch h
Cu 130: t chy mt lng ancol A cn va 26,88 lt O2 ktc, thu c 39,6 gam CO2 v 21,6 gam H2O. A
c cng thc phn t l
A. C2H6O.
B. C3H8O.
C. C3H8O2.
D. C4H10O.
n = nCO2 / (nH2O nCO2) = 3 => C3H8Oz ; nC3H8Oz = nCO2 / 3 = 0,3
3 + 8/4 z/2 = nO2 / nC3H8Oz = 4 => z = 2 => C3H8O2
Cu 131: Cho hn hp X gm hai ancol a chc, mch h, thuc cng dy ng ng. t chy hon ton hn hp X,
thu c CO2 v H2O c t l mol tng ng l 3 : 4. Hai ancol l
A. C3H5(OH)3 v C4H7(OH)3.
B. C2H5OH v C4H9OH.
C. C2H4(OH)2 v C4H8(OH)2.
D. C2H4(OH)2 v C3H6(OH)2.
n = nCO2 / (nH2O nCO2) = 3 => C v chn nCO2 = 3 mol ; nH2O =4 mol v do a chc => c my nhm OH
Cu 132: Khi t chy hon ton m gam hn hp hai ancol no, n chc, mch h thu c V lt kh CO2( ktc) v
a gam H2O. Biu thc lin h gia m, a v V l
A. m = 2a - V/22,4.
B. m = 2a - V/11,2.
C. m = a + V/5,6.
D. m = a - V/5,6.
Cch 1: Chn 32 g CH3OH => to ra 1 mol CO2 22,4 lt + 2mol H2O 36 g
thay s vo tng p n => D ng : 32 = 36 22,4/5,6 Ly
Cch 2: Ancol no , n chc => CnH2n+1OH
nAncol = nH2O nCO2 ; BTNT Oxi : nancol + 2nO2 = 2nCO2 + nH2O
nH2O nCO2 + 2nO2 = 2nCO2 + nH2O nO2 = 3nCO2 / 2
BTKL => m + mO2 = mCO2 + mH2O
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HOCHOAHOC.COM Chuyn trang hc ha hc

m + (3V.32)/(22,4.2) = VCO2 . 44/22,4 + a m = a V/5,6

Cch 3: m ancol = mC + mH + mO = 12.nCO2 + 2.nH2O + 16(nH2O nCO2) = 18nH2O 4nCO2
= 18. mH2O /18 - 4.VCO2 / 22,4 = mH2O VCO2 / 5,6 = a V / 5,6
Cu 133: t chy hon ton 0,2 mol mt ancol X no, mch h cn va 17,92 lt kh O2 ( ktc). Mt khc, nu
cho 0,1 mol X tc dng va vi m gam Cu(OH)2 th to thnh dung dch c mu xanh lam. Gi tr ca m v tn gi
ca X tng ng l
A. 9,8 v propan-1,2-iol.
B. 4,9 v propan-1,2-iol.
C. 4,9 v propan-1,3-iol.
D. 4,9 v glixerol.
X tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 => dung dch mu xanh lam => X phi c t nht 2 nhm OH lin k ; - C(OH) C(OH)
=> Loi C
nO2 / nX = 4 # 3,5 => khng th l glixerol C3H5(OH)3 nO2 / nX = n,5
=> Loi D => Thy A, B u c Propan 1,2 iol C3H6(OH)2 => xt khi lng Cu(OH)2
Ta lun c
2Ancol + Cu(OH)2 => nCu(OH)2 = nAncol / 2 = 0,1/2 0,05 mol => mCu(OH)2 = 4,9 g => B
Cu 134: a. Kh CO2 sinh ra khi ln men ru mt lng glucoz c dn vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d to c 40g
kt ta. Khi lng ancol etylic thu c l
A. 18,4 gam.
B. 16,8 gam.
C. 16,4 gam.
D. 17,4 gam.
P : C6H12O6 => 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
=> nC2H5OH = nCO2 = nCaCO3 k ta = 0,4 mol
=> mC2H5OH = 18,4 g => A
b. Nu hiu sut phn ng ln men l 80% th khi lng glucoz dng l bao nhiu gam ?
A. 45 gam.
B. 90 gam.
C. 36 gam.
D. 40 gam.
nC6H12O6 = nCO2 / 2 = 0,2 mol => mC6H12O6 theo PT = 36 g => H% p = mPT .100% / mB
m ban u = 36.100% / 80% = 45 g => A
Cu 135: Cho m gam tinh bt ln men thnh C2H5OH vi hiu sut 81%, hp th ht lng CO2 sinh ra vo dung
dch Ca(OH)2 c 55 gam kt ta v dung dch X. un nng dung dch X li c 10 gam kt ta na. Gi tr m l
A. 75 gam.
B. 125 gam.
C. 150 gam.
D. 225 gam
Xem li chuyn 1 phn CT : nCO2 = n Kt ta 1 + 2. n Kt ta 2 nung
nCO2 p = 0,55 + 2.0,1 = 0,75 mol => nC6H10O5 = nCO2 / 2 = 0,325 mol
V C6H10O5 => C6H12O6 => 2CO2 + 2C2H5OH => mC6H10O5 theo PT = 0,375.162 = 60,75g
H% p = mPT . 100% / mB mB = 60,75.100% / 81 = 75g => A
Cu 136: Th tch ancol etylic 92o cn dng l bao nhiu iu ch c 2,24 lt C2H4 (ktc). Cho bit hiu sut
phn ng t 62,5% v d = 0,8 g/ml.
A. 8 ml.
B. 10 ml.
C. 12,5ml.
D. 3,9 ml.
nC2H5OH = nC2H4 = 0,1 mol => mC2H5OH theo PT = 4,6 g ; H% p = mPT.100% / mB
mB = 4,6.100% / 62,5% = 7,36 g => V C2H5OH = 7,36/0,8 = 9,2 g mPT , mB ca ru
=> ru = VC2H5OH .100 / V Ru V ru = 9,2.100% / 92 = 10 ml => B
Cu 137: i t 150 gam tinh bt s iu ch c bao nhiu ml ancol etylic 46o bng phng php ln men ancol?
Cho bit hiu sut phn ng t 81% v d = 0,8 g/ml.
A. 46,875 ml.
B. 93,75 ml.
C. 21,5625 ml. D. 187,5 ml.
H% p = m PT . 100% / mB 81% = mPT . 100% / 150 = mPT Tinh bt = 121,5 g => nTinh bt = 0,75 mol
nC2H5OH = 2nTinh bt = 1,5 mol Bi 135 => mC2H5OH = 69 g
V C2H5OH = 69/0,8 = 86,25 g => ru = VC2H5OH . 100 / V ru
V ru = 86,25.100 / 46 = 187,5 ml => D
Cu 138: Khi lng ca tinh bt cn dng trong qu trnh ln men to thnh 5 lt ru (ancol) etylic 46 l (bit
hiu sut ca c qu trnh l 72% v khi lng ring ca ru etylic nguyn cht l 0,8 g/ml)
A. 5,4 kg.
B. 5,0 kg.
C. 6,0 kg.
D. 4,5 kg.
Tm c nC2H5OH da vo V ru , ru , d => m Tinh bt theo PT da vo H%
=> mTinh bt ban du = 4,5 kg=> D
Cu 139: Ln men hon ton m gam glucoz thnh ancol etylic. Ton b kh CO2 sinh ra trong qu trnh ny c
hp th ht vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d to ra 40 gam kt ta. Nu hiu sut ca qu trnh ln men l 75% th gi tr
ca m l
A. 60.
B. 58.
C. 30.
D. 48.
nCO2 = nCaCO3 = 0,4 mol => nC6H12O6 = nCO2 / 2 = 0,2 mol C6H12O6>2C2H5OH +2CO2
=>m C6H12O6 theo PT = 36 g ; H% p = mPT . 100% / mB mB = 36.100% / 75% = 48 => D
Cu 140: Ln men m gam glucoz vi hiu sut 90%, lng kh CO2 sinh ra hp th ht vo dung dch nc vi
trong, thu c 10 gam kt ta. Khi lng dung dch sau phn ng gim 3,4 gam so vi khi lng dung dch nc
vi trong ban u. Gi tr ca m l
A. 20,0.
B. 30,0.
C. 13,5.
D. 15,0
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HOCHOAHOC.COM Chuyn trang hc ha hc

Xem chuyn 1 => m dd gim = m kt ta mCO2 cho vo H
3,4 = 10 nCO2 mCO2 = 6,6 g => nCO2 = 0,15 mol => nC6H12O6 = nCO2 / 2 = 0,075 mol
H% p = mPT .100% / mB mB = 0,075.180.100% / 90% = 15g => D
Cu 141: X l hn hp gm phenol v ancol n chc A. Cho 25,4 gam X tc dng vi Na (d) c 6,72 lt H2 (
ktc). A l
A. CH3OH.
B. C2H5OH.
C. C3H5OH.
D. C4H9OH.
Ta c nhn hp = 2nH2 = 0,6 mol V ta lun c x . nA = 2nH2 vi x l s H linh ng , A l cht cha H linh ng ,
phenol v ancol n chc u c 1 nhm OH => x = 1
=> M =

25,4
42,33 => M ru < 42,33 V M phenol = 94 > 42,33 => Ch c CH3OH M = 32 => A
0,6

Cu 142: C bao nhiu hp cht hu c C7H8O va tc dng vi Na, va tc dng vi NaOH ?

A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Va tc dng vi Na ,va tc dng vi NaOH=>hp cht cha gc phenol
CH3 C6H4 OH CH3 gn v tr 1 , gc OH gn v tr m , p , o => 3 cht
Cu 143: A l hp cht c cng thc phn t C7H8O2. A tc dng vi Na d cho s mol H2 bay ra bng s mol
NaOH cn dng trung ha cng lng A trn. Ch ra cng thc cu to thu gn ca A.
A. C6H7COOH.
B. HOC6H4CH2OH.
C. CH3OC6H4OH.
D. CH3C6H3(OH)2.
nA = nH2 => A cha 2 H linh ng hay 2 nhm OH => Loi A v C
nA = nNaOH => A cha 1 gc OH gn vi vng benzen => B
Loi D v 2 OH gn vi vng benzen
Cu 144: Khi t chy 0,05 mol X (dn xut benzen) thu c di 15,4 gam CO2. Bit 1 mol X phn ng va
vi 1 mol NaOH hoc vi 2 mol Na. X c cng thc cu to thu gn l
A. CH3C6H4OH. B. CH3OC6H4OH.
C. HOC6H4CH2OH. D.C6H4(OH)2.
Tc dng 2 mol Na v 1 mol NaOH =>dn xut ca phenol c 2 nhm OH , 1 nhm gn vi vng benzen , 1 nhm
gn vi C ngoi vng benzen nh bi 143 => C
V nX = nNaOH => c 1OH gn vi vng benzen ; nX = 2nNa => c 1 OH gn vi C ngoi vng benzen
Cu 145: Ha cht no di y dng phn bit 2 l mt nhn cha dung dch phenol v benzen.
1. Na.
2. dd NaOH.
3. nc brom.
A. 1 v 2.
B. 1 v 3.
C. 2 v 3.
D. 1, 2 v 3.
Na => phenol to ra kh , benzen khng p
NaOH phenol c p nhng khng bit hin tng
dd Br2 => phenol to ra kt ta , benzen khng p
=> 1 v 3 => B Mnh khng bit NaOH cng ng
ko? Cho mnh kin ca bn
Cu 146: A l hp cht hu c cng thc phn t l C7H8O2. A tc dng vi NaOH theo t l 1 : 2. Vy A thuc loi
hp cht no di y ?
A. i phenol.
B. Axit cacboxylic
C. Este ca phenol.
D. Va ancol, va phenol.
nNaOH = 2nA => c 2 H linh ng
A tha mn v 2OH gn vi vng benzen
B sai v ch l n chc do 2Oxi
C sai v khng c H linh ng
D sai v ancol khng p vi NaOH
Cu 147: C bao nhiu ng phn (cha vng bezen), cng thc phn t C8H10O, khng tc dng vi Na?
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Khng phn ng vi Na => Khng l ancol , khng l phenol
K = (8.2 10 + 2)/2 = 4 m vng benzen c 4 pi => ete O v ch c ete v ru l c 1 oxi + no
C6H5 CH2 - O - CH3; C6H5 O CH2 CH3
CH3 C6H4 O CH3 CH3 v tr 1 , - O CH3 v tr o ,p , m => 3
=> Tng = 5 p => D
Cu 148: A l cht hu c c cng thc phn t CxHyO. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol A ri hp th ton b sn phm
chy vo nc vi trong thy c 30 gam kt ta. Lc b kt ta em un nng phn nc lc thy c 20 gam kt ta
na. Bit A va tc dng Na, va tc dng NaOH. Ch ra cng thc phn t ca A.
A. C6H6O.
B. C7H8O.
C. C7H8O2.
D. C8H10O.
nCO2 = n Kt ta 1 + 2.n kt ta 2 = 0,3 + 2.0,2 = 0,7 mol => x = nCO2 / nA = 7
=> C7H8O Nhn p n v l CxHyO v x = 7
Cu 149: Ch ra th t tng dn mc linh ca nguyn t H trong nhm -OH ca cc hp cht sau: phenol,
etanol, nc.
A. Etanol < nc < phenol.
C. Nc < phenol < etanol.
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HOCHOAHOC.COM Chuyn trang hc ha hc

B. Etanol < phenol < nc.
D. Phenol < nc < etanol.
Phenol p vi NaOH , nNa => Phenol ln nht
H2O p mnh lit vi Na => H2O th nh
Etanol p vi Na bnh thng => Ru cui cng => A
Cu 150: T 400 gam bezen c th iu ch c ti a bao nhiu gam phenol. Cho bit hiu sut ton b qu trnh
t 78%.
A. 376 gam.
B. 312 gam.
C. 618 gam.
D. 320 gam.
C6H6 => C6H6O => nC6H6 = nC6H6O ; H% sp = mTT.100% / mPT
mTT = mPT . H% / 100% = nC6H6.94.78%/100% = 376 g => A
Cu 151: Ha cht no di y c th dng phn bit cc l mt nhn cha cc dung dch : C6H5ONa, NaCl,
BaCl2, Na2S, Na2CO3 l
A. dd NaOH.
B. dd HCl.
C. Na.
D dd KCl.
KCl trung tnh s khng p vi cc cht v to t KL mnh v gc axit mnh
NaOH khng p vi cc cht v cc cht u cha Na v BaCl2 ko p vi NaOH
Na cng khng p v Na + H2O => NaOH ri ko p vi cc cht
B HCl Phn tch
HCl + Na2S => H2S + NaCL => to ra kh H2S mi trng thi
=> Nhn bit Na2S
HCl + Na2CO3 => NaCl + CO2 + H2O => to ra kh
=> To ra kh nhn bit Na2CO3
HCl + C6H5ONa => C6H5OH + NaCl => c p => C6H5ONa
Nhn bit c Na2CO3 cho vo 2 bnh con li khng p => BaCL2 to ra kt ta trng BaCO3
Cu 152: So vi etanol, nguyn t H trong nhm -OH ca phenol linh ng hn v :
A. Mt electron vng benzen tng ln, nht l cc v tr o v p.
B. Lin kt C-O ca phenol bn vng.
C. Trong phenol, cp electron cha tham gia lin kt ca nguyn t oxi tham gia lin hp vo vng benzen
lm lin kt -OH phn cc hn.
D. Phenol tc dng d dng vi nc brom to kt ta trng 2, 4, 6-tri brom phenol.
SGK 11 NC 232 => C
Cu 153: C bao nhiu phn ng xy ra khi cho cc cht C6H5OH ; NaHCO3 ; NaOH ; HCl tc dng vi nhau tng
i mt ?
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 6.
NaHCO3 + NaOH => Na2Co3 + H2O
NaHCO3 + HCl => NaCl + CO2 + H2O
NaOH + HCl => NaCl + H2O
C6H5OH + NaOH => C6H5ONa + H2O
=> 4 => B
Cu 154: Dy gm cc cht u phn ng vi phenol l
A. dung dch NaCl, dung dch NaOH, kim loi Na.
B. nc brom, axit axetic, dung dch NaOH.
C. nc brom, anhirit axetic, dung dch NaOH.
D. nc brom, anehit axetic, dung dch NaOH.
SGK 11 NC - 231 => C
Cu 155: Hin tng ln lt xy ra khi nh vi git dung dch HCl c vo ng nghim cha mt t dung dch
HCOONa v mt t dung dch C6H5ONa ri lc mnh l
A. C s phn lp ; dung dch trong sut ha c. B. Dung dch trong sut ha c.
C. C phn lp ; dung dch trong sut.
D. Xut hin s phn lp c 2 ng nghim.
Cu 156: nh hng ca nhm -OH n gc C6H5- trong phn t phenol th hin qua phn ng gia phenol vi
A. dung dch NaOH.
B. Na kim loi.
C. nc Br2.
D. H2 (Ni, nung nng).
SGK 11 NC 231 => Phn ng th Br2 vo phenol d hn so vi benzen => do nh hng ca nhm OH => C
Cu 157: Cht c cng thc phn t no di y c th tc dng c c Na, c NaOH ?
A. C5H8O.
B. C6H8O.
C. C7H10O.
D. C9H12O.
Tc dng c Na v NaOH => phenol => c s Tng vng + pi 4
=> ch c D c tng pi + vng = 4 => D tha mn
Cu 158: Ba hp cht thm X, Y, Z u c cng thc phn t C7H8O. X tc dng vi Na v NaOH ; Y tc dng vi
Na, khng tc dng NaOH ; Z khng tc dng vi Na v NaOH Cng thc cu to ca X, Y, Z ln lt l
A. C6H4(CH3)OH ; C6H5OCH3 ; C6H5CH2OH. B. C6H5OCH3 ; C6H5CH2OH ; C6H4(CH3)OH.
C. C6H5CH2OH ; C6H5OCH3 ; C6H4(CH3)OH. D. C6H4(CH3)OH ; C6H5CH2OH ; C6H5OCH3.
X tc dng Na v NaOH => X l phenol , OH gn vi C trn vng benzen => Loi B v C
Y tc dng vi Na khng tc dng vi NaOH => Y l ancol thm OH gn vi C ngoi vng benzen => D
Z l ete
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HOCHOAHOC.COM Chuyn trang hc ha hc

Cu 159: Cho ln lt cc cht C2H5Cl, C2H5OH, C6H5OH, C6H5Cl vo dung dch NaOH long un nng. Hi
my cht c phn ng ?
A. C bn cht.
B. Mt cht.
C. Hai cht.
D. Ba cht.
C2H5Cl v C6H5OH v p vi NaOH long un nng => dn xut halogen no c p ; v phenol cng c p => C
Cu 160: a. S ng phn ca C3H5Cl3 l
A. 5.
B. 6.
C. 3.
D. 4.
K = (3.2 5 + 2 3)/2 = 0 => p cu to
C(Cl3) C C ;
C(Cl) C(Cl2) C ;
C(Cl) C(Cl) C(Cl) ;
C(Cl2) C(Cl) C ;
C(Cl2) C C(Cl)
=> Tng = 5 => A
b. Trong s cc ng phn ca C3H5Cl3 c th c bao nhiu ng phn khi thuy phn trong mi trng kim cho
sn phm phn ng c c vi Na v dung dch AgNO3/NH3 to ra Ag ?
A. 1.
B. 4.
C. 3.
D. 2.
Thy phn mi trng kim => phn ng th Cl thnh OH
Sn phm p c Na v AgNO3/NH3 to ra Ag => Phi cha gc OH ( p Na) v 1 gc CHO p vi
AgNO3/NH3
Nh iu kin h bin ca ru => phi c 2 Cl gn vo 1 C (khi 2 OH gn cng 1 C => h bin to ra andehit)
=> Cl C C C(Cl2) + NaOH => OH C C CHO + NaCl + H2O
C C(Cl) C(Cl2) + NaOH => C C(OH) CHO + NaCl + H2O
=> 2 p => D
Cu 161: Hp cht X c cha vng benzen v c CTPT l C7H6Cl2. Thy phn X trong NaOH d c, to cao, p cao
thu c cht Y c CTPT l C7H6O. Hy cho bit X c bao nhiu CTCT?
A. 3.
B. 1.
C. 4.
D. 2.
V Y l C7H6O hay C6H5 CH2 OH v nu l phenol th s p vi NaOH d
=> CH c trng hp duy nht C6H5 CH(Cl2) +NaOH => C6H5-CHO + H2O + NaCL iu kin h bin khi 2
OH gn cng 1 C
Cu 162: Cho cc hp cht sau : (I) CH3CH2OH. (II) C6H5OH.
(III) NO2C6H4OH.
Chn pht biu sai
A. C 3 cht u c nguyn t H linh ng.
B. C 3 u phn ng c vi dung dch baz iu kin thng.
C. Cht (III) c nguyn t H linh ng nht.
D. Th t linh ng ca nguyn t H c sp xp theo chiu nh sau : III > II > I.
CH3CH2OH l ru khng p vi bazo => B sai => B
Cu 163: Cho cc cht sau A : CH4O ; B: C2H6O2 ; C: C3H8O3.
iu no sau y lun ng ?
A. A, B, C l cc ancol no, mch h.
B. A, B, C u lm mt mu dd thuc tm.
C. A, B, C l cc hp cht hu c no.
D. A, B, C u l este no, n chc.
A,B,C u c dng CnH2n+2Oz => u l hp cht no , mch h => A
Cu 164: Cho 2 phn ng :(1) 2CH3COOH + Na2CO3 2CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
(2) C6H5ONa + CO2 + H2O C6H5OH + NaHCO3
Hai phn ng trn chng t lc axit theo th t CH3COOH, H2CO3, C6H5OH, HCO3- l
A. Tng dn.
B. Gim dn.
C. Khng thay i.
D. Va tng va gim.
P (1) to ra H2CO3 (CO2+H2O) => Tnh axit ca CH3COOH > H2CO3
P (2) C6H5ONa to ra NaHCO3 hay HCO3- => Tnh axit ca C6H5ONa > HCO3Ngoi ra CH3COOH c H linh ng mnh => Ln nht => Lc axit gim dn => B
Cu 165: Cho dy cc cht : phenol, anilin, phenylamoni clorua, natri phenolat, etanol. S cht trong dy phn ng
c vi NaOH (trong dung dch) l
A. 4.
B. 3.
C. 1.
D. 2.
Cu 166: X l hn hp gm phenol v metanol. t chy hon ton X c nCO2 = nH2O. Vy % khi lng
metanol trong X l
A. 25%.
B. 59,5%.
C. 50,5%.
D. 20%.
Phenol C6H5OH ; metanol CH3OH
nCO2 = nH2O => chn nCO2 = 1 mol => nH2O = 1mol
BTNTC => 6nC6H5OH + nCH3OH = nCO2 ; 6nC6H5OH + 4nCH3OH = 2nH2O
Gii h => nC6H5OH = 1/9 ; nCH3OH = 1/3
=> %m CH3OH = (32/3).100%/(94/9 + 32/3) = 50,5 % => C
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HOCHOAHOC.COM Chuyn trang hc ha hc

Cu 167: Mt hp cht X cha ba nguyn t C, H, O c t l khi lng mC : mH : mO = 21 : 2 : 4. Hp cht X c
cng thc n gin nht trng vi cng thc phn t. S ng phn cu to thuc loi hp cht thm ng vi cng
thc phn t ca X l
A. 3.
B. 6.
C. 4.
D. 5.
H
mC : mH : mO = 21 : 2 : 4 => chn mC = 21g => mH = 2g ; mO = 4 g
x : y : z = 21/12 : 2/1 : 4/16 = 1,75 : 2 : 0,25 = 7 : 8 : 1 => C7H8O v cng thc n gin nht trng CTPT
p thm => ch cn cha vng benzen
C6H5 CH2 OH ; C6H5 O CH3 ; CH3 C6H4 OH CH3 gn v tr 1 , OH gn v tr o,m,p
Tng = 5 => D
Cu 168: Cho X l hp cht thm ; a mol X phn ng va ht vi a lt dung dch NaOH 1M. Mt khc, nu cho a mol
X phn ng vi Na (d) th sau phn ng thu c 22,4a lt kh H2 ( ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. HOC6H4COOCH3. B. CH3C6H3(OH)2.
C. HOC6H4COOH.
D. HOCH2C6H4OH.
Ta c nX = nNaOH => X c 1 gc OH gn vi vng benzen
nX = nH2=> X c 2 H linh ng m X c 1 gc OH gn vng benzen
=> X c thm 1 gc OH gn vi C ngoi vng benzen => D tha mn
Cu 169: Hp cht hu c X (phn t c vng benzen) c cng thc phn t l C7H8O2, tc dng c vi Na v vi
NaOH. Bit rng khi cho X tc dng vi Na d, s mol H2 thu c bng s mol X tham gia phn ng v X tc dng
c vi NaOH theo t l s mol 1 : 2. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. C6H5CH(OH)2.
B. CH3C6H3(OH)2.
C. CH3OC6H4OH.
D. C. HOCH2C6H4OH.
X tc dng vi Na => nX = nH2 => x cha 2 H linh ng hay 2 gc OH
X tc dng vi NaOH => 2nX = nNaOH => X cha 2 gc OH gn vi vng benzen => B
Cu 170: Cho hn hp hai anken ng ng k tip nhau tc dng vi nc (c H2SO4 lm xc tc) thu c hn
hp Z gm hai ru (ancol) X v Y. t chy hon ton 1,06 gam hn hp Z sau hp th ton b sn phm chy
vo 2 lt dung dch NaOH 0,1M thu c dung dch T trong nng ca NaOH bng 0,05M. Cng thc cu to thu
gn ca X v Y l (Th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k)
A. C4H9OH v C5H11OH.
B. C3H7OH v C4H9OH.
C. C2H5OH v C3H7OH.
D. C2H5OH v C4H9OH.
NaOH d v CM NaOH cn li = 0,05 M => CM NaOH p = 0,1 0,05 = 0,05 M
nNaOH p = 0,1 mol => nCO2 p = nNaOH / 2 = 0,05 mol
V NaOH d => xy ra p trung ha CO2 + 2NaOH => Na2CO3 + H2O
p n => ru no n chc : C n H2 n +1OH => n Hn hp ru = nCO2 / n = 0,05 / n
M ru = 14 n + 18 = 1,06 / (0,05/ n ) n = 2,5 => C
Cu 171: t chy hon ton hn hp M gm hai ru (ancol) X v Y l ng ng k tip ca nhau, thu c 0,3
mol CO2 v 0,425 mol H2O. Mt khc, cho 0,25 mol hn hp M tc dng vi Na (d), thu c cha n 0,15 mol
H2. Cng thc phn t ca X, Y l
A. C3H6O, C4H8O.
B. C2H6O, C3H8O.
C. C2H6O2, C3H8O2. D. C2H6O, CH4O.
n = nCO2 / (nH2O nCO2) = 2,4
Ta c 0,25 mol M => nH2 < 0,15 mol => Tha mn nM = 2nH2 => Ru n chc => B
Cu 172: Oxi ho m gam etanol thu c hn hp X gm axetanehit, axit axetic, nc v etanol d. Cho ton b X
tc dng vi dung dch NaHCO3 (d), thu c 0,56 lt kh CO2 ( ktc). Khi lng etanol b oxi ho to ra axit
l
A. 1,15 gam.
B. 4,60 gam.
C. 2,30 gam.
D. 5,75 gam.
nAxit = nCO2 = 0,025 mol P CH3COOH + NaHCO3 => CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O

nAxit = n Ru = 0,025 mol P : C2H5OH + O2 => CH3COOH

=> m ru b oxi ha to ra axit = 0,025.46 = 1,15 g
Cu 173: Khi phn tch thnh phn mt ru (ancol) n chc X th thu c kt qu : Tng khi lng ca cacbon
v hiro gp 3,625 ln khi lng oxi. S ng phn ru (ancol) ng vi cng thc phn t ca X l
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 2.
D. 1.
Ancol n chc => CxHyO chn 1 mol CxHyO
: mC + mH = 3,625mO 12x + y = 3,625.16 = 58 y = 58 12x ; ta c 0< y 2x + 2
0 < 58 12x 2x + 2 4 x < 4,833 => x = 4 => y = 10 => C4H10O ; ru no n chc
=>CT tnh s p : 2n-2 => C4H10O c 4 p ru => B
Cu 174: Oxi ho ancol n chc X bng CuO (un nng), sinh ra mt sn phm hu c duy nht l xeton Y (t khi
hi ca Y so vi kh hiro bng 29). Cng thc cu to ca X l
B. CH3COCH3.
A. CH3CHOHCH3.
C. CH3CH2CH2OH. D. CH3CH2CHOHCH3.
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HOCHOAHOC.COM Chuyn trang hc ha hc

Xeton :CnH2nO => M = 58 = 14n + 16 => n = 3 hay C3H7OH => Loi B v D
V to ra xeton => Ru bc 2 hay OH gn vi C bc 2 => A
Cu 175: Mt hp cht hu c A gm C, H, O c 50% oxi v khi lng. Ngi ta cho A qua ng ng 10,4 gam
CuO nung nng thu c 2 cht hu c v 8,48 gam cht rn. Mt khc cho hn hp 2 cht hu c trn tc dng vi
dung dch AgNO3(d) trong NH3 to ra hn hp 2 mui v 38,88 gam Ag. Khi lng ca A cn dng l
A. 1,28 gam.
B. 4,8 gam.
C. 2,56 gam.
D. 3,2 gam.
Chuyn 1 cch tm C,H,O khi bit % ca thnh phn
Gi CxHyOz => %O = 16z .100% (12x + y + 16z) = 50% 12x + y = 16z => z = 1 , x = 1 , y = 4=> CH4O Hay
CH3OH
Cu 176: un nng ancol A vi hn hp NaBr v H2SO4 c thu c cht hu c B, 12,3 gam hi cht B chim
mt th tch bng th tch ca 2,8 gam N2 cng nhit 560oC ; p sut 1 atm. Oxi ho A bng CuO nung nng thu
c hp cht hu c c kh nng lm mt mu dung dch nc brom. CTCT ca A l
A. CH3OH.
B. C2H5OH.
C. CH3CHOHCH3.
D. CH3CH2CH2OH.
=> A l ancol no n chc : CnH2n+1OH
Ch nh B l CnH2n+1Br ta c nB = nN2 v th tch bng nhau mB / MB = 2,8 / 28 => MB = 123 = 14n + 81
n = 3 =>A l C3H7OH
Ta c oxi ha to ra sn phm lm mt mu dung dch Br2 => Ch c to ra andehit => OH gn vi C bc I =>
D
Cu 177: un mt ancol A vi dung dch hn hp gm KBr v H2SO4 c th trong hn hp sn phm thu c c
cht hu c B. Hi ca 12,5 gam cht B ni trn chim 1 th tch ca 2,80 gam nit trong cng iu kin. Cng thc
cu to ca A l
A. C2H5OH.
B. CH3CH2CH2OH.
C. CH3OH.
D. HOCH2CH2OH.
A , B , C l ancol no , n chc => Xt CnH2n+1OH
Tng t 176 => B l CnH2n+1Br c M = 14n + 81 = 125 v nB = nN2 = 0,1mol => khng c n nguyn
D ng v A , B , C sai
C th khi cho vo hn hp KBr v H2SO4 th s c mt OH b thay th bi Br
CnH2n+2O2 => CnH2n+1O Br => c M = 14n + 17 + 80 = 125 => n = 2 => D
Cu 178: Anken X c cng thc phn t l C5H10. X khng c ng phn hnh hc. Khi cho X tc dng vi KMnO4
nhit thp thu c cht hu c Y c cng thc phn t l C5H12O2. Oxi ha nh Y bng CuO d thu c cht
hu c Z. Z khng c phn ng trng gng. Vy X l
A. 2-metyl buten-2.
B. But-1-en.
C. 2-metyl but-1-en.
D. But-2-en.
Cu 179: t chy hon ton 1 th tch hi ancol no n chc A thu c CO2 v H2O c tng th tch gp 5 ln th
tch hi ancol A dng ( cng iu kin). Vy A l
A. C2H5OH.
B. C4H9OH.
C. CH3OH.
D. C3H7OH.
T l th tch = t l s mol => Chn 1 mol Ancol => 5 mol hn hp CO2 v H2O
nCO2 + nH2O = 5 mol ; nH2O nCO2 = n Ru = 1 => nH2O = 3 ; nCO2 = 2
n = nCO2 / (nH2O nCO2) = 2 => C2H5OH => A
Cu 180: Cho 30,4 gam hn hp gm glixerolC3H5(OH)3 v mt ru n chc, no A phn ng vi Na th thu
c 8,96 lt kh (ktc). Nu cho hn hp trn tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 th ho tan c 9,8 gam Cu(OH)2. Cng thc
ca A l
A. C2H5OH.
B. C3H7OH.
C. CH3OH.
D. C4H9OH.
Ch c glixerol mi p vi Cu(OH)2 => nGlixerol = 2nCu(OH)2 = 0,2 mol V lun c 2 ancol + Cu(OH)2
m ru cn li = 30,4 m glixerol = 30,4 0,2.92 = 12 g
Ta c 3nC3H5(OH)3 + nRuou = 2nH2 CT : x . nX = 2nH2 vi x l s H linh ng. ..
3.0,2 + n Ru = 2.0,4 n Ru = 0,2
=> M ru = 12/0,2 = 60 => B Hoc = 14n + 18 =>n = 3
Cu 181: Hn hp X gm ancol metylic v mt ancol no, n chc A, mch h. Cho 2,76 gam X tc dng vi Na d
thu c 0,672 lt H2 (ktc), mt khc oxi ha hon ton 2,76 gam X bng CuO (to) thu c hn hp anehit. Cho
ton b lng anehit ny tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thu c 19,44 gam cht kt ta. Cng thc cu
to ca A l
A. C2H5OH.
B. CH3CH2CH2OH.
C. CH3CH(CH3)OH.
D. CH3CH2CH2CH2OH.
Cch 1 th p n vo gii h m hn hp ru = 2,76 g v n hn hp = 2nH2 => vi C3H7OH p
Da vo p to andehit => OH gn vi C bc I =>B
Cch 2: ta c gi x , y ln lt l s mol ca tng ru
x + y = 2nH2 = 0,06mol
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HOCHOAHOC.COM Chuyn trang hc ha hc

Ta c CT : 2x.nAndehit = nAg vi x l s nhm CHO - ch HCHO c 2 gc CHO do CH3OH oxi ha to ra
4x + 2y = nAg = 0,18 mol V nAndehit = nancol
Gii h => x = y= 0,03 => mAncol = 2,76 mCH3OH = 1,8 g => M = 1,8/0,03 = 60 => C3H7OH
Da vo p to ra andehit => B
Cu 182: Ancol no mch h A cha n nguyn t C v m nhm OH trong cu to phn t. Cho 7,6 gam A tc dng ht
vi Na cho 2,24 lt H2 (ktc). Mi quan h gia n v m l
A. 2m = 2n + 1.
B. m = 2n + 2.
C. 11m = 7n + 1.
D. 7n = 14m + 2.
Ancol no c n nguyn t C v m nhm OH => c CT : CnH2n+2Om
Ta c m . nAncol = 2nH2 CT = 0,2 mol nAncol = 0,2 / m
=> M ancol = 7,6/(0,2/m) = 38m = 14n + 2 + 16m 11m = 7n + 1 => C
Cu 183: Cht hu c X mch h c to ra t axit no A v etylen glicol. Bit rng a gam X th hi chim th tch
bng th tch ca 6,4 gam oxi cng iu kin nhit v p sut; a gam X phn ng ht vi xt to ra 32,8 gam
mui. Nu cho 200 gam A phn ng vi 50 gam etilenglicol ta thu c 87,6 gam este. Tn ca X v hiu sut phn
ng to X l
A. Etylen glicol iaxetat ; 74,4%.
B. Etylen glicol ifomat ; 74,4%.
C. Etylen glicol iaxetat ; 36,3%.
D. Etylen glicol ifomat ; 36,6%.
Cu 184: Oxi ho ancol etylic bng xc tc men gim, sau phn ng thu c hn hp X (gi s khng to ra
anehit). Chia hn hp X thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 cho tc dng vi Na d, thu c 6,272 lt H2 (ktc). Trung
ho phn 2 bng dung dch NaOH 2M thy ht 120 ml. Hiu sut phn ng oxi ho ancol etylic l:
A. 42,86%.
B. 66,7%.
C. 85,7%.
D. 75%.
X gm ancol d + Axit to thnh + H2O PT : C2H5OH + O2 => CH3COOH + H2O
Phn 1 => nC2H5OH d + nAxit + nH2O = 2nH2 = 0,56 mol
Phn 2 => nAxit = nNaOH = 0,24 mol = nC2H5OH p v nCH3COOH = nC2H5OH p
th vo phn 1 v 2 phn bng nhau
nC2H5OH d + nH2O = 0,56 0,24 = 0,32 mol = nC2H5OH ban u v nH2O = nC2H5OH p
H% oxi ha = nC2H5OH p .100% / nC2H5OH ban u = 0,24/0,32 = 75%=> D
Cu 185: t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp 2 ancol no n chc X, Y l ng ng lin tip thu c 11,2 lt
CO2 cng vi lng hn hp trn cho phn ng vi Na d th thu c 2,24 lt H2 ( ktc). Cng thc phn t ca 2
ancol trn l
A. C2H5OH; C3H7OH.
B. CH3OH; C3H7OH.
C. C4H9OH; C3H7OH.
D. C2H5OH ; CH3OH.
P vi Na => 0,1 mol H2 => n hn hp ru = 2nH2 = 0,2mol
p n => Ancol no n chc : C n H2 n +1OH
=> n = nCO2 / n hn hp = 0,5 / 0,2 = 2,5 => A
Cu 186*: Oxi ho 9,2 gam ancol etylic bng CuO un nng thu c 13,2 gam hn hp gm anehit, axit, ancol d
v nc. Hn hp ny tc dng vi Na sinh ra 3,36 lt H2 ( ktc). Phn trm ancol b oxi ho l
A. 25%.
B. 50%.
C. 75%.
D. 90%.
Phn ng vi Na => nAxit CH3COOH + n ru d C2H5OH + nH2O = 2nH2 = 0,3 mol
Ta c n Ru p = nH2O
(1) nCH3COOH + nC2H5OH ban u = 0,3 nCH3COOH = 0,1 mol
V p t l 1 : 1 gia C2H5OH vi H2O
C2H5OH + CuO => CH3CHO + Cu + H2O
(I)
C2H5OH + O2 => CH3COOH + H2O
(II)
nC2H5OH PT II = nCH3COOH = nH2O PT II = 0,1 mol
Gi x l s mol C2H5OH PT I => x = nCH3CHO = nH2O Pti
=> hn hp = 13,2 g = mCH3CHO + mH2O (PT I) + mCH3COOH + mH2O (PT 2) + C2H5OH d
13,2 = 44x + 18x + 6 + 1,8 + (9,2 0,1.46 x.46) x = 0,05 mol
nC2H5OH p = x + 0,1 = 0,15 mol => H% = 0,15.100% / 0,2 = 75% =>C
Cu 187: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:
TN 1 : Trn 0,015 mol ru no X vi 0,02 mol ru no Y ri cho tc dng ht vi Na th thu c 1,008 lt H2.
TN 2 : Trn 0,02 mol ru X vi 0,015 mol ru Y ri cho hp tc dng ht vi Na th thu c 0,952 lt H2.
Th nghim 3 : t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp ru nh trong th nghim 1 ri cho tt c sn phm chy i
qua bnh ng CaO mi nung, d thy khi lng bnh tng thm 6,21 gam. Bit th tch cc khi o ktc. Cng thc
2 ru l
A. C2H4(OH)2 v C3H6(OH)2.
B. C2H4(OH)2 v C3H5(OH)3.
C. CH3OH v C2H5OH.
D. Khng xc nh c.
Gi x , y l s nhm OH ca X v Y
- 24 -

HOCHOAHOC.COM Chuyn trang hc ha hc

TH1 => x .nX + y.nY = 2nH2 0,015x + 0,02y = 0,09
TH2 =>
0,02x + 0,015y = 0,085
Gii h => x = 2 ; y = 3 => B i thi ko c p n ko
xc nh
X l CnH2n(OH)2 ; Y l CmH2m-1(OH)3 Xem chuyn 1 cch xc nh cht
CnH2n+2 2a m(OH)m a l tng b + vng , m l s chc
Ta c c 2 ru u no => nH2O nCO2 = n hn hp ru = 0,015 + 0,02 = 0,035 mol
m bnh tng = mH2O + mCO2 = 18.nH2O + 44.nCO2 = 6,21
Gii h => nH2O = 0,125 ; nCO2 = 0,09 => n = nCO2 / (nH2O nCO2) = 2,57 => B

- 25 -

HOCHOAHOC.COM Chuyn trang hc ha hc

CHUYN 5 : DN XUT HALOGEN-PHENOL-ANCOL
1A
11C
21B
31D
41D
51D
61D
71D
81D
91A
101A
111B
121C
131C
141A
151B
161B
171B
181B

2A
12B
22D
32B
42A
52D
62A
72D
82A
92C
102C
112D
122A
132D
142C
152C
162B
172A
182C

3C
13B
23C
33C
43B
53C
63A
73C
83D
93A
103C
113A
123A
133B
143B
153B
163A
173B
183A

4B
14D
24C
34C
44A
54A
64D
74B
84A
94D
104B
114B
124C
134AA
144C
154C
164B
174A
184D

5B
15A
25B
35B
45C
55D
65A
75C
85C
95B
105A
115B
125B
135A
145D
155B
165D
175D
185A

6A
16DD
26B
36B
46D
56C
66A
76B
86A
96B
106C
116C
126C
136B
146A
156C
166C
176D
186A

7A
17B
27A
37B
47D
57D
67C
77A
87C
97C
107A
117B
127A
137D
147D
157D
167D
177D
187B

8A
18A
28C
38C
48C
58C
68CB
78C
88B
98C
108D
118B
128C
138D
148B
158D
168D
178A

9C
19B
29D
39A
49B
59B
69B
79A
89C
99A
109A
119A
129B
139D
149A
159C
169B
179A

p n khng phi ng 100% u nh c th 1 s p n sai

Bn c cho kin v cu . Mnh v mt s ngi s xem li.
Cm n bn gip .
Chc bn thnh cng.

- 26 -

10AD
20A
30D
40C
50B
60A
70B
80D
90C
100D
110A
120C
130C
140D
150A
160AD
170C
180B