B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG I HC KINH T QUC DN

HI NG TUYN SINH SAU I HC
-----:-----
THI TUYN SINH SAU I HC
THNG 5/2012
MN THI: TON KINH T
(Thi gian lm bi: 180 pht)

BYDecisions Blog: http://bydecision.wordpress.com/
Cu 1 (1 im): Mt hng sn xut c ng cu l Q = 1200 2P , vi P l gi bn.
a) Xc nh gi bn P doanh thu ca hng t cc i.
b) Nu hng t gi P
1
= 280 th doanh thu thay i bao nhiu so vi doanh thu cc i.
Cu 2 (1 im): Cho hm sn xut ca mt doanh nghip Q = 30K
0,2
L
0,9
;
Trong Q l sn lng (s sn phm), K l vn (triu ng), L l lao ng (ngi).
a) Doanh nghip c hm sn xut c hiu qu thay i nh th no theo quy m?
b) Nng sut lao ng o bng s sn phm/1 lao ng. Tnh tc tng ca nng sut lao ng
theo vn ti mc K
0
= 100, L
0
= 40.
Cu 3 (3 im): Cho hm li ch h gia nh c dng U(x
1
,x
2
) = x
1
x
2
, trong x
1
, x
2
ln lt l s
lng sn phm th nht v th hai c tiu dng. Cho gi mt n v sn phm tng ng
vi hai sn phm l p
1
, p
2
, li ch h gia nh l u
0
; p
1
, p
2
, u
0
> 0.
a) S dng phng php nhn t Lagrange tm lng sn phm tiu dng mi loi sao cho li ch
bng u
0
vi ngn sch chi tiu l cc tiu.
b) Vi p
1
= 8, p
2
= 4, u
0
= 8, hy tm li gii c th cho cu hi a).
c) Vi d kin cu b) li ch u
0
tng 1 n v th ngn sch chi tiu cc tiu tng bao nhiu?
d) li ch u
0
tng 1% th ngn sch chi tiu cc tiu tng bao nhiu %?
Cu 4 (2 im): Thu hoch 41 im trng loi u A v 30 im trng loi u B, quan st nng
sut hai loi u ngi ta thu c cc phng sai mu tng ng l 9,53 (t/ha)
2
v 8,41
(t/ha)
2
. Gi thit rng nng sut c hai loi u l cc bin ngu nhin phn phi chun.
a) Vi tin cy 95% phn tn ca nng sut loi u A ti thiu l bao nhiu?
b) Vi mc ngha 5% c th cho rng phn tn v nng sut ca hai loi u l nh nhau
khng?
c) Nu bit phn tn v nng sut ca loi u A o bng lch chun l 3 (t/ha) th kh nng
trong mu gm 41 im trng loi u A c phng sai mu ln hn 5,9645 l bao nhiu?
Cu 5 (2 im): Kim tra ngu nhin 16 bng n loi A tnh c tng tui th ca chng l
19200 (gi) v lch chun mu l 26,094 (gi). Gi thit tui th ca bng n loi A v loi
B l cc bin ngu nhin phn phi chun.
a) Hy c lng tui th trung bnh ca bng n loi A vi tin cy 95% bng khong tin cy
i xng.
b) Phi chn kch thc mu ti thiu bng bao nhiu vi tin cy 95% th sai s ca c
lng tui th trung bnh bng n loi A khng vt qu 5 (gi).
c) phn tn ca tui th bng n loi B o bng lch chun l 20 (gi). Vi mc ngha
5% c th cho rng tui th bng n loi B n nh hn bng n loi A hay khng?
Cu 6 (1 im): Cho bin ngu nhin gc X phn phi chun v mt mu ngu nhin kch thc n
lp t X. Chng minh rng trung bnh mu l c lng hp l ti a ca E(X).
Cho: P(
2
(40) > 26,509) = 0,95 ; P(
2
(40) > 55,7584) = 0,05 ; P(
2
(15) > 24,99) = 0,05
P(T(15) < 2,13) = 0,975 ; f
0,025
(40,29) = 2,028 ; f
0,975
(40,29) = 0,512.
Cn b coi thi khng gii thch g thm
1
p n mn ton Kinh t (cao hc 2012)
(Cu 6 xem sch XSTK ca tr- ng nh)
Cu 1:
Ph- ng trnh - ng cu:
1200 2 600 0,5 Q P P Q = =
Hm tng doanh thu:

2
(600 0, 5 ) 600 0, 5 TR PQ Q Q Q Q = = =
a) Doanh thu cc i:

'
max
''
0
600 0
600
1 0
0
Q
Q
TR
Q
TR Q
TR
=
=
=

<
<

Thay vo hm cu, ta - c:
600 0,5 600 0,5.600 300 P Q = = =
Vy, doanh thu cc i th gi bn l P*=300 (sn l- ng Q*=600).

b) Nu gi bn P
1
=280 th sn l- ng l:

1 1
1200 2 1200 2.280 640 Q P = = =
Tng doanh thu:

1 1 1
280.640 179200 TR P Q = = =
Doanh thu cc i:

* * *
300.600 180000 TR P Q = = =
Chnh lch:

*
1
179200 180000 800 TR TR TR A = = =
Vy, nu t gi l 280 th doanh thu gim 800 n v so vi doanh thu cc i.

Cu 2: Hm sn xut Q=30K
0,2
L
0,9
.
a) Xt s thc bt k >1.
Ta c:

0,2 0,9
0,2 0,2 0,9 0,9
1,1 0,2 0,9
( , ) 30( ) ( )
30( )( )
(30 )
Q K L K L
K L
K L
o o o o
o o
o
=
=
=

V >1 nn
1,1
> do Q(K, L)> Q(K,L).
Vy hm sn xut c hiu qu tng theo quy m.

b) Nng sut lao ng l:

0,2 0,9
0,2 0,1
30
30
L
K L Q
AP K L
L L

= = =
H s co gin ca AP
L
theo K l:
2

'
0,8 0,1
0,2 0,1
.100%
%
. ( ) .
%
.100%
30(0, 2 ) .
30
0, 2
L
L
AP L L L
K L K
L L
AP
AP AP AP K K
E AP
K
K K AP AP
K
K
K L
K L

A
A A
= = = =
A
A A
=
=

Vy, nu tng vn 1% (%AK = 1%) th NSL tng 0,2% (%AAP
L
= 0,2%). Ni cch
khc, tc tng ca NSL theo vn l 0,2%.

Cu 3:
a) Hm ngn sch chi tiu:
B = p
1
x
1
+p
2
x
2

Ph- ng trnh rng buc v li ch:
U = x
1
x
2
= u
0
(*)
Ycbt Tm gi tr cc tiu ca hm mc tiu B vi iu kin rng buc (*).

Lp hm Lagrange:
L = B + (u
0
- U)
L = (p
1
x
1
+p
2
x
2
) + (u
0
- x
1
x
2
) ( l nhn t Lagrange)

iu kin cn:
B t gi tr cc tiu th:

1
2
'
1 2
'
1 2
'
0 1 2
0
0
0 0
0
0
x
x
L
p x
L p x
u x x
L

=
=

= =


=
=

(1)
(2)
(3)

T (1) v (2), ta c:

1 2 1 1
2
2 1 2
p p p x
x
x x p
= = = (4)
T (3) v (4), ta c:

1
1 0 1 2
1
2 0 1 2
x u p p
x u p p

Suy ra:
1 1
1 2
2
o
p
u p p
x

= =
Hm s c im dng
( )
1 1 1
10 20 0 0 1 2 0 1 2 1 2
( , , ) , ,
o
x x u p p u p p u p p

=

3
iu kin :
Xt nh thc:

1 2
1 11 12
2 21 22
0 U U
D U L L
U L L
=
Trong :

1
'
1 2
x
U U x = = ;
2
'
2 1
x
U U x = = ;

1 1
''
11
0
x x
L L = = ;
2 2
''
22
0
x x
L L = = ;

1 2
''
12 21
x x
L L L = = = ;
Suy ra:

2 1
2 1 2
1
0
0 2 0
0
x x
D x x x
x

= = <

1 2
( , , ) x x
Do , iu kin - c tha mn ti im dng
10 20 0
( , , ) x x .

Vy, vi rng buc li ch U=u
0
th ngn sch chi tiu cc tiu khi
( )
1 1
10 20 0 1 2 0 1 2
( , ) , x x u p p u p p

= .

b) Vi p
1
= 8; p
2
= 4; u
0
=8 th
1
1
1
2
8.8 .4 2
8.8.4 4
x
x

= =

= =

c) Nhn t Lagrange
0
l gi tr cn bin ca ngn sch chi tiu cc tiu theo li ch
min
0
o
B
u

A
=
A
. M
1 1
0 1 2
8 .8.4 2
o
u p p

= = = . Nn
min
0
2
o
B
u

A
= =
A
.
Vy, nu li ch u
0
tng 1 dn v (Au
0
=1) th ngn sch chi tiu cc tiu tng 2 n v
(AB
min
=2).

d) H s co gin ca ngn sch chi tiu cc tiu theo li ch:

min
min
min min min
0
min min
.100%
%
. .
%
.100%
o
B o o
u
o o o
o
B
u u B B B
E
u u u B B
u

A
A A
= = = =
A A A

Do B
min
= p
1
x
10
+p
2
x
20
= 8.2 + 4.4 = 32 ; u
0
= 8 ;
0
= 2
Nn
min min
% 8
2. 0, 5
% 32
o
B
u
o
B
E
u
A
= = =
A
.
4
Vy, nu li ch u
0
tng 1% (%Au
0
=1%) th ngn sch chi tiu cc tiu tng 0,5%
(%AB
min
=0,5%).

Cu 4:
Gi X
A
, X
B
t- ng ng l nng sut ca hai loi u A v B:
2
2
( , )
( , )
A A A
B B B
X N
X N
o
o

a) Ta c o
A
l phn tn ca nng sut loi u A. Nn ycbt L KTC bn phi ca
tham s o
A
ca phn phi chun N(
A
, o
2
A
).

Cng thc khong tin cy bn phi ca o
2
A

l:

2
2( 1)
( 1)
;
A
A A
n
n S
o
_

| |

+ |
|
\ .

vi S
2
A
, n
A
l ph- ng sai v kch th- c mu ca nng sut loi u A.

Qua mu c th, ta c:
- Kch th- c mu n
A
= 41
- tin cy
2( 1) 2(40)
0,05
1 95% 0, 95 0, 05
A
n
o
o o _ _

= = = =
Mt khc v
2(40) 2(40)
0,05
( ) 0, 05 P _ _ > = (theo t/c ca phn phi _
2
)

2(40)
( 55, 7584) 0, 05 P _ > = (theo gi thit)
Nn
2( 1) 2(40)
0,05
55, 7584
A
n
o
_ _

= =
- Ph- ng sai mu s
2
A
= 9,53
Thay s, ta - c khong tin cy bn phi ca o
2
A

l:
( )
(41 1).9, 53
; 6,837;
55, 7584
| |
+ = +
|
\ .

Suy ra, khong tin cy bn phi ca o
A

l:

( )
( ) 6,837; 2, 615; + = +

Vy, vi TC 95%, phn tn ca nng sut loi u A ti thiu l 2,615 (t/ha)

b) Ta c o
A
, o
B

l phn tn ca nng sut 2 loi u. Nn ycbt K 2 tham s o
A
,
o
B
ca 2 phn phi chun N(
A
, o
2
A
) v N(
B
, o
2
B
).

Cp gi thuyt:
0
1
:
:
A B
A B
H
H
o o
o o
=

Tiu chun kim nh:
5

2
2
( 1, 1)
A
A B
B
S
F F n n
S
=
vi - S
2
A
, n
A
l ph- ng sai v kch th- c mu ca nng sut loi u A
- S
2
B
, n
B
l ph- ng sai v kch th- c mu ca nng sut loi u B
Min bc b:



/ 2
1 / 2
( 1, 1)
:
( 1, 1)
A B
A B
F f n n
W F
F f n n
o
o
o
>

=
`
<

)


Qua mu c th, ta c:
- Kch th- c mu n
A
= 41; n
B
= 30
- Mc ngha
/ 2 0,025
1 / 2 0,975
( 1, 1) (40, 29) 2, 028
5% 0, 05
( 1, 1) (40, 29) 0, 512
A B
A B
f n n f
f n n f
o
o
o

= =

= =

= =

Do , min bc b
2, 028
:
0, 512
F
W F
F
o
>
=
`

<
)

- Ph- ng sai mu s
2
A
= 9,53; s
2
B
= 8,41
Do , gi tr quan st ca tiu chun kim nh
9, 53
1,133
8, 41
qs
F = =
Ta thy
qs
F W
o
e nn ch- a c c s bc b H
o
..

Vy, vi MYN 5%, c th cho rng phn tn ca nng sut 2 loi u l nh- nhau.

c) Ta c S
2
A
l ph- ng sai mu ca nng sut loi u A.
Nn ycbt tm P(S
2
A
> 5,9645)

Cng thc suy din ca ph- ng sai mu:

2
2( 1) 2
1
1
1
A
n A
A
A
P S
n
o
o
_ o

| |
< =
|

\ .


Cho
2
2( 1) 2( 1)
1 1 2
1
5, 9645 5, 9645.
1
A A
n n A A
A A
n
n
o o
o
_ _
o



= =

Vi n
A
= 41; o
A
= 3 ta - c
2( 1) 2(40)
1 1 2
41 1
5, 9645. 26, 509
3
A
n
o o
_ _

= = =
Mt khc, theo t/c ca phn phi _
2
th:

( )
2(40) 2(40)
1
1 P
o
_ _ o

> =

( )
2(40)
26, 509 1 P _ o > =
Theo gi thit:
6


( )
2(40)
26, 509 0, 95 P _ > =
Do : 1 0, 95 o =
Hay
( )
2
5, 9645 0, 95
A
P S > =

Vy, kh nng trong mu c 41 im trng u loi A c ph- ng sai mu ln hn
5,9645 l 95%.

Cu 5:
a) Gi X l tui th ca bng n loi A:
2
( , ) X N o
Ta c l tui th trung bnh ca bng n loi A. Nn ycbt WL KTC i xng
ca tham s ca phn phi chun N(, o
2
).

Cng thc khong tin cy i xng ca l:

( 1) ( 1)
/ 2 / 2
;
n n
S S
X t X t
n n
o o

| |
| +
|
\ .

vi X , S
2
, n l trung bnh, ph- ng sai v kch th- c mu tui th bng n loi A.

Qua mu c th, ta c:
- Kch th- c mu n

= 16
- tin cy
( 1) (15)
/2 0,025
1 95% 0, 95 0, 05
n
t t
o
o o

= = = =
Mt khc v
(15) (15)
0,025
( ) 1 0, 025 0, 975 P T t < = = (theo t/c ca phn phi T)

(15)
( 2,13) 0, 975 P T < = (theo gi thit)
Nn
( 1) (15)
/2 0,025
2,13
n
t t
o

= =
- Trung bnh mu
19200
1200
16
i
X
x
n

= = =
- lch chun ca mu s = 26,094
Thay s, ta - c khong tin cy i xng ca l:

26, 094 26, 094
1200 .2,13 ; 1200 .2,13
16 16
| |
+
|
\ .

=
( )
1186,105 ; 1213,895

Vy, vi TC 95%, khong tin cy i xng ca tui th trung bnh bng n loi A
l (1186,105 ; 1213,895) (h).

b) Gi s kch th- c mu l N.
7
Sai s ca - c l- ng tui th trung bnh bng n loi A l:

( 1)
/ 2
n
S
t
N
o
c

=
Do 5 c s
( 1)
/ 2
5
n
S
t
N
o

s

2
( 1)
/ 2
.
5
n
S
N t
o

| |
>
|
\ .

2
26, 094
.2,13 123, 566
5
N
| |
> =
|
\ .

Vy phi chn kch th- c mu ti thiu l 124 (bng n).

c) Ta c o, o

l phn tn (cng l n nh) ca tui th 2 loi bng n.
Theo gi thit o

= 20. Nn tui th ca bng n loi B n nh hn bng n loi A
nu o > 20. Ycbt K tham s o ca phn phi chun N(, o
2
).

Cp gi thuyt:
0
1
: 20
: 20
H
H
o
o
=

>

Tiu chun kim nh:

2
2 2
2
( 1)
( 1)
20
n S
n _ _

=
vi S , n l phn tn v kch th- c mu tui th bng n loi A
Min bc b:



{ }
2 2 2( 1)
:
n
W
o o
_ _ _

= >

Qua mu c th, ta c:
- Kch th- c mu n

= 16
- Mc ngha
2( 1) 2(15)
0,05
5% 0, 05
n
o
o _ _

= = =
Mt khc v
2(15) 2(15)
0,05
( ) 0, 05 P _ _ > = (theo t/c ca phn phi _
2
)

2(15)
( 24, 99) 0, 05 P _ > = (theo gi thit)
Nn
2( 1) 2(15)
0,05
24, 99
n
o
_ _

= =
Do , min bc b
{ }
2 2
: 24, 99 W
o
_ _ = >
- phn tn mu s = 26,094
Do , gi tr quan st ca tiu chun kim nh
2
2
2
(16 1)26, 094
25, 534
20
qs
_

= =
Ta thy
2
qs
W
o
_ e nn bc b H
o
, tha nhn H
1
.

Vy, vi MYN 5%, c th cho rng tui th bng n loi B n nh hn tui th
bng n loi A.