Theo TCVN: Ph gia thc phm l nhng cht khng c coi l thc phm hay mt thnh phn ch yu ca thc

phm, c hoc khng c gi tr dinh dng, m bo an ton cho sc khe, c ch ng cho vo thc phm vi lng nh nhm duy tr cht lng, hnh dng, mi v, kim hoc acid ca thc phm, p ng v yu cu cng ngh trong ch bin, ng gi, vn chuyn v bo qun thc phm. Ph gia to cu trc: l nhm ph gia thm vo nhm thay i cu trc nguyn liu ban u, to ra cu trc mi hoc lm n nh cu trc ca sn phm Cc cht n nh:Cc cht n nh, to c v to gel, chng hn aga hay pectin (s dng trong mt s loi mt hoa qu) lm cho thc phm c kt cu c v chc. Trong khi chng khng phi l cc cht chuyn th sa thc th, nhng chng gip cho cc cht th sa n nh hn. + Cc cht lm c :Cc cht lm c l cc cht m khi thm vo thc phm s lm tng dom khng lm thay i ng k cc thuc tnh khc ca thc phm. Nhng iu cn bit v cht ph gia thc phm Chuyn mc chnh: VSAT thc phm c vit ngy Th su, 14 Thng 10 2011 07:52 Mt s ph gia thc phm hay gia v ht sc quen thuc nh ng, mui, mu thc phm... cng c cnh bo l khng tt cho sc khe. Danh sch cc cht ph gia hay gia v nn trnh khng ch bao gm nhng cht c cho rng "c" cng c, khng cng c" nh mui dim, bt ngt... iu ng ngc nhin l cc nh khoa hc cng khng nh gi cao cc loi gia v cn thit cho hng v mn n nh ng v mui. Ngoi ra danh sch cn ni di vi nhng loi ph gia thc phm khc. Cht ph gia l g Cc ph gia thc phm l cc cht c b sung thm vo thc phm bo qun hay ci thin hng v v b ngoi ca chng. Mt s ph gia thc phm c s dng trong nhiu th k; v d bo qun bng lm da chua (vi dm), p mui- chng hn nh vi tht p mui xng khi, hay s dng ixt lu hunh nh trong mt s loi ru vang. Vi s ra i v pht trin ca cng nghip ch bin thc phm trong na sau th k 20 th c thm nhiu ph gia thc phm c gii thiu, c t nhin ln nhn to. y l nhng cht ngi ta c tnh trn thm vo thc n hoc thc ung cho chng khi b h thi, ko di thi gian bo qun c lu hn, nhng vn khng lm thay i cht lng v hng v ca sn phm. i khi ngi ta cng s dng cht ph gia c c mt tnh cht mong mun no , nh cho sn phm c dai, c dn, c mt mu sc hoc mt mi v thch hp no hu d hp dn ngi tiu th hn! Nh cht ph gia m bnh m c th gi c lu ngy hn m khng s meo mc, bnh biscuit, creal, chip, gi c dn rt lu di, c kiu c trng ngn dn khu, jambon saucisse vn gi c mu hng ti tht hp dn, du n v margarine nh c trn thm mt s cht chng oxy ha nn khng b hi (rancid) theo thi gian. Cht ph gia c th c ngun gc thin nhin, hay c tng hp hoc bn tng hp ha hc (nh bicarbonate de sodium), i khi chng cng c tng hp t vi sinh vt, chng hn nh cc loi enzymes dng sn xut ra yogurts. Cht ph gia cng c th l cc vitamins c ngi ta cho thm vo thc phm tng thm tnh b dng Cc loi ph gia thc phm in hnh thng dng:

+ Cc axt :Cc axt thc phm c b sung vo lm cho hng v ca thc phm "sc hn", v chng cng c tc dng nh l cc cht bo qun v chng xi ha. Cc axt thc phm ph bin l dm, axt citric, axt tartaric, axt malic, axt fumaric, axt lactic. + Cc cht iu chnh chua :Cc cht iu chnh chua c s dng thay i hay kim sot chua v kim ca thc phm. + Cc cht chng vn :Cc cht chng vn gi cho cc cht bt, chng hn nh sa bt khng b vn cc. + Cc cht chng to bt: Cc cht chng to bt lm gim hoc ngn chn s to bt trong thc phm. + Cc cht chng xi ha: Cc cht chng xi ha nh vitamin C c tc dng nh l cht bo qun bng cch kim ch cc tc ng ca xy i vi thc phm v ni chung l c li cho sc khe. + Cc cht to lng: Cc cht to khi lng chng hn nh tinh bt c b sung tng s /khi lng ca thc phm m khng lm nh hng ti gi tr dinh dng ca n. + Cc cht to mu thc phm: Cht to mu thc phm c thm vo thc phm thay th cc mu sc b mt trong qu trnh sn xut hay lm cho thc phm trng bt mt hn. + Cht gi mu: Ngc li vi cc cht to mu, cc cht gi mu c s dng bo qun mu hin hu ca thc phm. + Cc cht chuyn th sa :Cc cht chuyn th sa cho php nc v du n duy tr c th hn hp cng nhau trong th sa, chng hn trong maint, kem v sa. + Cc cht to v :Cc cht to v l cc ph gia lm cho thc phm hng v hay mi c th no v c th c to ra t cc cht t nhin hay nhn to. + Cc cht iu v :Cc cht iu v lm tng hng v sn c ca thc phm. + Cc cht x l bt ng cc :Cc cht x l bt ng cc c thm vo bt ng cc (bt m, bt mch v.v) ci thin mu sc ca n hay s dng khi nng bnh. + Cc cht gi m :Cc cht gi m ngn khng cho thc phm b kh i. + Cc cht bo qun :Cc cht bo qun ngn hoc kim ch s thi hng ca thc phm b gy ra bi cc hot ng ca nm mc, vi khun hay cc vi sinh vt khc. + Cc cht y :Cc cht y l cc loi kh nn c s dng y thc phm ra khi cha ng n. + Cc cht n nh:Cc cht n nh, to c v to gel, chng hn aga hay pectin (s dng trong mt s loi mt hoa qu) lm cho thc phm c kt cu c v chc. Trong khi chng khng phi l cc cht chuyn th sa thc th, nhng chng gip cho cc cht th sa n nh hn. + Cc cht lm ngt :Cc cht lm ngt c b sung vo thc phm to v ngt. Cc cht lm ngt khng phi ng c thm vo gi cho thc phm cha t nng lng (calo) nhng vn c v ngt ca ng hay v chng c cc tc ng c li cho cc bnh nhn b bnh i nghay su rng. + Cc cht lm c :Cc cht lm c l cc cht m khi thm vo thc phm s lm tng dom khng lm thay i ng k cc thuc tnh khc ca thc phm. Tc dng tch cc ca ph gia thc phm Nu s dng ng loi, ng liu lng, cc ph gia thc phm c tc dng tch cc: 1. To c nhiu sn phm ph hp vi s thch v khu v ca ngi tiu dng. 2. Gi c cht lng ton vn ca thc phm cho ti khi s dng.

3. To s d dng trong sn xut, ch bin thc phm v lm tng gi tr thng phm hp dn trn th trng. 4. Ko di thi gian s dng ca thc phm. Nhng nguy hi ca ph gia thc phm Nu s dng ph gia thc phm khng ng liu lng, chng loi nht l nhng ph gia khng cho php dng trong thc phm s gy nhng tc hi cho sc khe: 1. Gy ng c cp tnh: Nu dng qu liu cho php. 2. Gy ng c mn tnh: D dng liu lng nh, thng xuyn, lin tc, mt s cht ph gia thc phm tch ly trong c th, gy tn thng lu di.Th d: Khi s dng thc phm c hn the, hn the s c o thi qua nc tiu 81%, qua phn 1%, qua m hi 3% cn 15% c tch lu trong cc m m, m thn kinh, dn dn tc hi n nguyn sinh cht v ng ha cc aminoit, gy ra mt hi chng ng c mn tnh: n khng ngon, gim cn, tiu chy, rng tc, suy thn mn tnh, da xanh xao, ng kinh, tr tu gim st. 3. Nguy c gy hnh thnh khi u, ung th, t bin gen, qui thai, nht l cc cht ph gia tng hp. 4. Nguy c nh hng ti cht lng thc phm: ph hu cc cht dinh dng, vitamin... Cht ph gia nh hng th no trn sc khe? mi lo ngi cho nhiu ngi Tt c cc cuc thm d d lun u cho bit l ngi tiu th rt i quan tm n s hin din ca cc loi ho cht c trong thc phm. Khng ai c th bit c nhng g s ch i chng ta hai, ba chc nm sau? Nhng cuc nghin cu v an ton ph gia thc phm c thc hin nhiu trn ng vt. Chng ch ra mt s cht ph gia c th gy ung th. Tuy nhin, iu ny vn cha kt lun cc cht trn cng nh hng n con ngi tng t nh i vi ng vt, bi vn l mt vn cn ang trn bn tranh lun.Du th, ngi tiu dng vn nn bit n danh sch cc cht ph gia c xem l nguy him hn ch nu c th c. -Nhm sulfite (bisulfite de potassium, sulfite de sodium, dithionite de sodium, acide sulfureux) : c th gy kh th, nhng ngi b hen suyn khng nn n thc phm c cha sulfite. Sulfite gip thc n, v thc ung c mu ti thm hn. Sulfite c trn trong rau qu, qu kh (nh nho kh) hoc ng lnh. Cc loi nc gii kht, nc nho v ru cht u c cha sulfite. Sulfite cng c th c trn trong cc loi ng dng lm bnh mt, trong tm tp ng hp cho n c v ti hn v cng tm thy trong cc loi tomato sauce v tomato paste. T nm 1987, Canada cm nh sn xut trn sulfite trong cc loi salade n sng, ngoi tr nho kh. -Nhm nitrite v nitrate (de sodium, de potassium) : Chng ta thng gi l mui dim. Rt ph thng mui p tht. Cc cht ny t ra rt hu hiu trong vic ngn cn s pht trin hoc dit vi khun, c bit l khun clostridium botulinum trong hp. Ngoi tc dng gip s bo qun c tt, nitrite v nitrate cn to cho tht c mu hng ti rt l hp dn.Tht ngui, jambon, saucisse, lp xng, smoked meat, hot dog, bacon vv u c cha nitrite v nitrate. Vn lo ngi nht l 2 cht ny s chuyn ra thnh cht nitrosamine lc chin nng. Nitrosamine l cht gy cancer. Hm lng nitrite v nitrate cho php s dng trong tht c c quan Kim Tra Thc Phm Canada (CFIA) quy nh r rt . -Bt ngt (MSG, monosodium glutamate) : gip lm tng hng v ca sn phm, lm n ngt v ngon hn! MSG c tng hp t cht m ca tht, c, sa, v t mt s thc vt. Ngi ta gn cho bt ngt l th phm ca hi chng Cao lu hay nh hng Tu (Syndrome du

restaurant chinois), nhng thc t li cho thy l bt k nh hng Ta, Ty, hay nh hng Tu u c dng bt ngt ht! C ngi khng hp vi bt ngt nn cm thy kh chu trong ngi, chng mt, nhc u, kh ming, kht nc, nng ran mt, sau t, v hai cnh tay. i khi c cm gic au ngc v mun nn ma... Tuy nhin, cc triu chng trn ch l tm thi, v ln ln bin mt trong mt thi gian ngn m thi. Ti Canada, lut l bt buc nh sn xut phi nu r cht MSG trn nhn hiu ca sn phm . -Aspartame (Equal, Nutrasweet) : l ng ha hc c v ngt gp c 200 ln hn ng thng. Aspartame c s dng rng ri khp th gii trong bnh ko, yogurt, v trong cc thc ung t nhit nng, nh Coke dite, Pepsi dite vv.C ngi khng hp vi cht aspartame nn c th b au bng, chng mt, nhc u vv d lun cn n rng aspartame c th gy cancer no, nhng tin ny cha c gii y khoa xc nhn! Trong c th, aspartame c phn ct ra thnh acide aspartique v phnylalanine. i vi ai c bnh PKU (phenylketonuria), l mt loi bnh rt him, do s lch lc ca mt gne khin c th khng to ra c enzyme kh b cht phnylalanine. Cht sau ny s tng ln nhiu trong mu v lm tn hi n h thn kinh trung ng. Quy nh v s dng ph gia thc phm 1. Ch c php sn xut, nhp khu, kinh doanh ti th trng Vit Nam cc ph gia thc phm trong danh mc v phi c chng nhn ph hp tiu chun cht lng v sinh an ton thc phm ca c quan c thm quyn. 2. Vic s dng ph gia thc phm trong danh mc trong sn xut, ch bin, x l, bo qun, bao gi v vn chuyn thc phm phi thc hin theo Quy nh v cht lng v sinh an ton thc phm ca B Y t. 3. Vic s dng ph gia thc phm trong danh mc phi bo m: - ng i tng thc phm v liu lng khng vt qu gii hn an ton cho php. - p ng cc yu cu k thut, v sinh an ton quy nh cho mi cht ph gia. - Khng lm bin i bn cht, thuc tnh t nhin vn c ca thc phm. 4. Cc cht ph gia thc phm trong "Danh mc lu thng trn th trng" phi c nhn y cc ni dung theo quy nh. 5. Yu cu i vi c s sn xut, ch bin thc phm: Trc khi s dng mt ph gia thc phm cn ch xem xt: - Cht ph gia c nm trong Danh mc hay khng? - Cht ph gia c c s dng vi loi thc phm m c s nh s dng hay khng? - Gii hn ti a cho php ca cht ph gia i vi thc phm l bao nhiu? (mg/kg hoc mg/lt) - Ph gia c phi dng cho thc phm hay khng? C bo m cc quy nh v cht lng v sinh an ton, bao gi, ghi nhn theo quy nh hin hnh khng? Cc loi cht ph gia c hi trong thc phm Nhiu cht ph gia c trong thc phm gy hi n sc khe nhng chng ta t khi quan tm n. Cht khng sinh trong thc phm lm t sa Theo chuyn gia dinh dng Ashley Koft, ng thi l nh t vn dinh dng cho s ri truyn hnh thc tin Shedding for the wedding ca Los Angeles (M), ngoi tr vic n nhng thc phm lm t sa hu c th sa, yogurt v pho mai m mi ngi ang dng c ch bin t sa ca nhng con b c bm cc cht khng sinh. Vic hp th mi ngy loi khng sinh

trn c th git cht nhng vi khun tt rut ng vai tr quan trng trong h min dch ca c th. Cc loi vi khun c hi vng tiu ha cng s lm phnh v mp vng eo. trnh vic n thc phm lm t sa c cha hc mn v khng sinh, ngi tiu dng nn c nhn mc ghi ch ca sn phm trc khi dng. Nn dng sn phm t sa c ghi khng dng cc hc mn v cht khng sinh trn bao b. Nhng cht ha hc c trong thc phm ng hp Mt cuc nghin cu mi y do Chng trnh bo co ngi tiu dng (M) cho thy 19 nhn hiu sn phm ng hp c cha cc cht ha hc gy ung th v, tiu ng v cc bnh v tim mch. Theo thnh vin nhm nghin cu - Tin s Urvasi Rangan, Gim c chnh sch k thut ca Lin on ngi tiu dng, cho bit d ch mt lng nh nhng cht ny cng rt nguy hi. Nn trnh n thc phm ng hp, thay vo l dng rau qu, n ti nu c th v thc n hm nng trong vt ng bng thy tinh. Natri trong cht gia v cho vo s lch trn. T l mui nhiu trong loi gia v ny cng s nh hng n vic gim cn v n gi nc v lm ta cm thy b y hi. Cc chuyn gia khuyn ch nn c 1500 - 2300 mg Natri trong gia v trn. Nhng theo Marisa More, ngi pht ngn ca y ban dinh dng M, th ch 2 mung gia v ny cha hn 400mg Natri. Tt nht l nn dng loi gia v ny km vi du liu hoc gim theo t l 2-1. Mt t mui c th thm hng v cho ba n ca bn. Nhng mui l mt cht ph gia khc nh hng n sc kho. Mt lng nh mui th cn cho c th v c li cho vic bo qun thc n, nhng dng mui vt mc cho php c th gy nguy him cho sc kho ca bn, nh hng n chc nng tim mch, tng huyt p, au tim, t qu v suy thn. ng fructose trong nc ung sa v sn phm ng gi. Nh chng ta bit, cc thc phm v thc ung c ng lun c kh nng tng nguy c v cc bnh huyt p. Kt qu mt cuc nghin cu mi y ca i hc Denver cho thy nhng ngi tiu th khong 74mg ng mi ngy s tng nguy c cao mc bnh huyt p hn nhng ngi n t. Lng ng fructose cao trong cc loi nc ngt hay bnh ngt c cho l nguyn nhn lm gim vic sn sinh ra oxit nitric, mt loi hi gip cc mch mu c th gin v n rng. Nn thay nhng n bng tri cy hoc dng ng cc. Mt vi loi thc phm c cha ng t nhin nh tri cy v c rt. Nhng hy cn thn vi nhng thc phm thm ng vo nh nng, ng cc, bnh qui gin, thm ch l nc xt v nhiu loi thc phm qua ch bin khc. Mc d khng c hi, nhng s dng ng vi lng nhiu s khng an ton cho sc kho chng ta. ng khng nn chim hn 10% tng lng calori bn tiu th hng ngy. Qu nhiu ng khng ch dn n vn v trng lng, su rng, hay lng ng trong mu tng ln bnh tiu ng m n cn thay th nhng cht dinh dng c li. nui nhng calori khng cn thit ny, c th bn cn cht dinh dng chuyn ho ng, v th n ly i nhng vitamin v khong cht c gi tr. Bt ngt (MSG) trong cc loi khoai ty chin Mt nghin cu mi y c ng trn tp ch Bo ph cho bit, nhng ngi thng n thc phm cha MSG c nguy c tng cn gp 3 ln ngi khng n. Theo Tin s Koff, mi ngi thng ngh cht ny c nhiu trong mn n chu nhng thc ra n cng c dng trong nhng gi khoai ty chin c hng v trn th trng hin nay. Acesulfame - K

y l mt loi ng nhn to, c cho php s dng trong nc gii kht bi C quan qun l thuc v thc phm Hoa K. N cng c tm thy trong nng, chewing gum, cc mn trng ming. Ch "K" trong Acesulfame - K l nguyn t ho hc Kali, c xem l ngt gn 200 ln ng thng. Nhng cuc th nghim cht ny khng nhiu v Gerbstadt cng khng c ch nh g lin quan n s dng cht ny. Tuy nhin, mt vi cuc nghin cu ni rng cht ny c th gy ung th chut. V iu lm n nm trong danh mc 12 cht ph gia cn trnh l v nhng cuc nghin cu trong tng lai s kt lun l n c hi hay khng. Olestra Olestra, mt dng m tng hp, cn c tn Olean c tm thy trong mt s loi khoai ty chin, ngn s hp thu m ca h tiu ho. iu ny thng dn n bnh tiu chy cp, y hi kh tiu. "Khi bn n m c Olestra, lng m s i thng vo ngi bn. ng ni hn l Olestra ngn s hp th tin vitamin A l carotenoid, cht ho tan trong m, c tm thy trong tri cy v hoa qu. Olestra c cho l nguy c gy ra bnh tim v ung th: "N ngn s hp th m, nhng ng thi cng ngn s hp th vitamin". Gerbstadt ni. Mu thc phm: Blue1,2; Red 3; Green 3; and Yellow 6 Tt c mu thc phm nhn to c hi b FDA cm t lu, nhng c 5 loi vn cn tn ti trong ch, nhng cht c th gy ra ung th khi th nghim ng vt . "Hy chn nhng sn phm khng c mu. iu khng c ngha l trnh mi th c mu sc. C nhiu sn phm c mu t nhin. Nhng mt s loi phm mu c th gy ra ung bu nu gp iu kin thch hp", theo Gerbstadt. Blue 1 v 2, c tm thy trong nhng thc ung gii kht nh (tr, sa, ru, bia...) ko, nng v thc n cho th cng c mc nguy him thp nhng n lin quan n ung th chut. Red 3, to ra mu anh o, ru cocktail, ko, nng, c chng minh gy ra khi u tuyn gip chut. Green 3, c trong ko v thc ung gii kht, d l t s dng, gy ra ung th bng quang. Nhng cuc nghin cu thy rng yellow 6 l cht hay c s dng nht cho vo thc ung gii kht, xc xch, gelatin, nng v ko. Yellow 6 c th gy ra khi u thn v tuyn thng thn. Potassium bromated Tuy him gp nhng potassium bromated vn c cho php dng M nh mt cht ph gia tng khi lng cho bt m, bnh m. Hu ht bromated phn gii thnh nhng dng khng c, nhng n c bit n nh l nguyn nhn gy ra ung th ng vt - thm ch nhng lng nh trong bnh m c th gy hi cho con ngi. Ti M, tiu bang California yu cu phi c cnh bo v ung th trn nhn ca sn phm c dng potassium bromated. 4 cht ph gia trong thc phm gy hi cho no tr em Cc nh khoa hc Anh mi nghin cu v pht hin 4 cht ph gia thng s dng trong ch bin thc phm n sn cho tr em nh ko, khoai ty rn ng hp, ung v kem c th gy tc hi n s pht trin ca h thn kinh v no ca tr. l 4 ha cht ph gia - gm brilliant blue E133, quinoline yelow E104, monosodium glutamate E621 (MSG) v E951 aspartame. Theo cc nh nghin cu, MSG c s dng trong khoai ty chin, pho mt, thc n nhanh, M133 c trong ko, ung, thc phm ng hp, cc n trng ming v kem, E104 c trong ko, cc thc phm mui chua v E951 c dng trong hng ngn mn n v ung dnh cho ngi n king v ko.Do , cc nh khoa hc Anh khng nh nu tr ung mt cc nc c gas v n mt gi khoai ty chin th cng lc s b nh hng ca c 4 cht ph gia ny. Cc nh khoa hc cho rng bo m sc khe cho tr, tt c cc cht ph gia trn v cc cht phm mu thc phm khng nn s dng trong cc loi thc n lm sn cho tr.

Kt lun D mun, d khng chng ta vn phi n, vn phi ung sng v lm vic. Trong x hi hin nay, chng ta khng th no trnh khi hng lot cc ha cht c hi trong thc phm c. Chnh v th, mt cch tt hn ht l nn cn thn trong n ung v sinh hot, nn iu v chng mc! Hy cnh gic v thn trng i vi cc loi thc phm (kh, ti v bin ch). Hn ch s dng nhng loi thc phm sn xut cng nghip nh cc loi nc ngt, cc loi hp, vv Ph gia khng phi l cht dinh dng nn khng c n cng khng sao. D vy, ph gia gip ba n ngon lnh hn cng ng mt vai tr quan trng trong cht lng sng ca con ngi. iu cn lu l ch nn s dng cc ph gia t thc phm t nhin v ph gia c nghin cu k lng v tnh cht v an ton khi a vo c th. Vi nhng loi ph gia ha hc ny, ngay c khi c cho php, cng nn dng cng t cng tt, v nu khng tht s cn thit th khng nn dng. Tht ra, cm gic ngon ming vi ph gia l mt thi quen, nn hn ch s dng ph gia, th cch n gin nht l tp thi quen khng s dng ph gia. Vi tr em, giai on ang hnh thnh thi quen n ung, nu khng c tp quen vi cc thc phm c ph gia, th s khng c nhu cu s dng ph gia. Mt v d d thy l cc quc gia chu s dng rt nhiu bt ngt trong ch bin thc phm, nhng cc u bp chu u li hu nh hon ton khng dng n loi ph gia ny, v khng v vy m nhng mn n chu u b ngi chu u t chi. Xt v mt dinh dng, ph gia thc phm hon ton khng cn thit cho c th hng ngy. Th nhng, nu xt v mt vn ha m thc v cng ngh ch bin thc phm, ph gia li hu nh l thnh phn khng th thiu. Ngi tiu dng lun a ra tiu ch l thc phm phi c mu sc p bt mt, mi phi thm tho, v phi m , phi dai, phi dn Th l ngi sn xut c theo cc tiu ch m ci thin thc phm ca mnh theo hng phc v ti a yu cu ca thng khch hng ng thi cng khng th b qua ci yu cu ca chnh mnh l khng c gia tng chi ph sn xut. V kt qu l thc phm ngoi vai tr cung cp cht dinh dng nui c th, li cn nhn thm ci chc nng l a vo c th nhng th chng cn thit t no, thm ch c khi cn c hi cho sc khe. C ci hi thy ngay trc mt, nhng cng c ci hi xut hin t t n hng my chc nm sau, thm ch lu n ni ngay c kh ch cng qun mt ti sao trong c th mnh li tn ti ci th gy bnh . K hiu E c ngha g?

K hiu E vi cm ch s k n n gin l m s quc t ch cht ph gia qua quy trnh nghim ngt nh gi s an ton c Cng ng chu u (EC) v Hi ng Khoa hc v Thc phm (SCF) ra. i khi ngi ta ch ghi phn ch s v ngm hiu l c ch E. V d: E621: bt ngt, E211: cht bo qun sodium benzoate trong cc sn phm nc tng, E127: mu Erythrosine, E129: mu Allura red AC (hai mu ny thng dng trong sa ung hng du), E285: hn the (borax), E951: cht to ngt Aspartame trong cc sn phm n king, E322: cht nh ha Lecithin trong sa, E436: cht to gel Pectin trong cc sn phm mt, E407: cht to gel Carrageenan trong cc sn phm thch, E330: acid citric trong cc ung c v chua C bao nhiu loi ph gia?

C rt nhiu cht ph gia mang tnh cht v ng dng khc nhau trong cc loi thc phm: cht chng oxy ha c cht tan trong du, cc cht tan trong nc c s dng trong cc sn phm gc nc nh: nc tri cy

C rt nhiu cht ph gia mang tnh cht v ng dng khc nhau trong cc loi thc phm. Ngi ta chia chng thnh cc nhm c tnh cht chung. Cc cht trong nhm ty tnh cht cng nh cc nh hng khc v cm quan, gi thnh, tnh cht cng ngh khc m c s dng khc nhau. V d: cht chng oxy ha c cht tan trong du (nh vitamin E (E307), betacarotene (E160a), TBHQ, BHT (E321), BHA (E320),) c s dng trong cc sn phm gc du nh: du n, b, margarine,; cc cht tan trong nc (vitamin C (E300),) c s dng trong cc sn phm gc nc nh: nc tri cy Ph gia t nhin v tng hp c khc bit g khng? Cc ph gia nhn to sn xut kinh t hn, c tinh khit cao hn v n nh v cht lng hn mt s bn sao t nhin ca chng. iu quan trng l ph gia c c php s dng hay khng v gii hn s dng trong thc phm l bao nhiu? V mt an ton, c bn m ni, khng c s khc bit no gia ph gia thin nhin v tng hp. Thc t, thc phm "khng cha ph gia nhn to" l v ngha, v v mt ha hc chng nh nhau. V vi nhng nh c cht hc th cc ph gia chit xut t m ng, thc vt, sn xut bng vi sinh vt hay tng hp trong cc nh my ha cht l nh nhau. Tt c cc cht ha hc c th c hoc khng c nhng tnh cht c hi.

Ngoi ra, nhiu cht ph gia hu ch khng c trong thin nhin m phi ch to ra. Cc ph gia nhn to sn xut kinh t hn, c tinh khit cao hn v n nh v cht lng hn mt s bn sao t nhin ca chng. iu quan trng l ph gia c c php s dng hay khng v gii hn s dng trong thc phm l bao nhiu. Thc phm thng dng c nhng ph gia g?

Tnh hu dng ca ph gia nh chng ta r, ch bin thc phm c phong ph, ngon, duy tr c cht lng lu hn th khng th thiu ph gia. Hin nay B Y t ban hnh Danh mc cc cht ph gia c php dng trong thc phm v cc gii hn s dng an ton tng ng. Ngoi cc tnh nng trn cn mt tnh nng na ca ph gia m cc nh sn xut khai thc l kh nng gip gim gi thnh thc phm. Bng cch dng cht to hng v (mi tht), mu sc, cht to kt cu ( dai, gin), thay cho nhng nguyn liu tht t tin, hay nhng cng on ch bin th cng phc tp, tn nhn cng v thi gian ngi ta cng to ra c cc sn phm c hng v v cc tnh cht khc rt ging vi cc sn phm truyn thng. Nhng ngi snh n th cho rng nhng sn phm truyn thng ngon hn, lnh hn hay vn ha hn. Mt s sn phm v ph gia thng dng Sn phm Ph gia thng s dng Sa bt, bt dinhHng liu, kh tr, c th cha cht nh ha (dng ch bin dng lng dng thnh dng bt). Sa ung Mu, mi, cht nh ha, cht n nh. Nc ngt, nc triCht bo qun, mu, mi, cht n nh, chng oxy ha, cht iu chnh cy acid. Bnh ngt Bt n, hng liu, mu. Cht to nh, cht n nh, to cu trc, chng oxy ha, hng liu, cht Kem mu. M, cho, ph, n Bt ngt, hng liu. lin Nc chm Cht bo qun. Bt nm Bt ngt, hng liu, gia v khc. Mt Cht to gel, cht bo qun. Thu hi sn kh tm Cht gi m, lm lng b mt, gim hot nc. gia v Ko cao su To m, hng liu, cht to ngt. Du n Chng oxy ha. Lp xng Cht bo qun, to mu.
S to gel ca agar
Qu trnh to gel xy ra khi lm lnh dung dch agar. Dung dch agar s to gel nhit khong 40 50C v tan chy nhit khong 80 85C. Gel agar c tnh thun nghch v nhit. Khi un nng polymer to thnh mt khi, khi dung dch ngui i cc chui s bao ly nhau v lin kt vi nhau tng i mt bng lin kt hydro to thnh chui xon kp, to ra mt mng li khng gian ba chiu nht cc cht kh bn trong do s lng lin kt hydro rt ln.

Qu trnh hnh thnh gel v n nh ca gel b nh hng bi hm lng agar v khi lng phn t ca n. Kch thc l gel khc nhau ph thuc vo nng agar, nng agar cng cao kch thc l gel cng nh. Khi lm kh gel c th to thnh mt mng trong sut, bn c hc v c th bo qun lu di m khng b hng. Kh nng to gel ph thuc vo hm lng ng agarose. S c mt ca ion sunfat lm cho gel b m, c. Do trnh dng nc cng sn xut. Chng c kh nng gi mi v, mu, acid thc phm cao trong khi gel nh nhit nng chy cao (85 90C). Gel agar chu c nhit ch bin 100C, pH 58, c kh nng trng phng v gi nc.