Chng I.

NHIT NG LC HC V DUNG DCH IN PHN

1. 1. Hng s phn li ca axit hu c: C
6
H
4
COOH


H
+
+ C
6
H
4
COO
-
bng 1,4.10
-3

25
0
C. Xc nh d phn li ca axit ny trong dung dch 0,5M.
1. 2. Ch s pK
c
ca s phn li etylamoni bromua trong nitrometan 25
o
C bng 3,62. Xc
nh h s ng trng ca dung dch trn nng 0,05M.
1. 3. Dung dch nc ca cht in phn yu nng molan bng 0,1, ng c nhit
-0,208
o
C. Xc nh phn li bit rng cht in phn y l cht in phn bc
hai v hng s nghim lnh ca nc l 1,86.
1. 4. Dung dch Ca(NO
3
)
2
c nng molan bng 0,2. H s hot ion trung bnh
nng ny bng 0,426. Xc nh
, m a
t t
v a.
1. 5. Mt dung dch cha 0,08 mol Na
2
SO
4
v 0,02 mol Cr
2
(SO
4
)
3
trong 1000 gam nc.
Tnh lc ion ca dung dch.
1. 6. Dung dch nc ca BaCl
2
c nng 0,002m 298K.
a. Tnh lc ion ca dung dch
b. Da vo nh lut gii hn ca Bebye Huckel, tnh 2
Ba

+ v
Cl

. c/ Tnh
2
BaCl

t .
1. 7. Hng s phn li nhit ng ca axit -clopicric 298K bng 1,47.10
-8
. Tnh phn
li ca axit ny trong dung dch nng 0,01M trong hai trng hp sau:
a. Khng k n h s hot b. K n h s hot .
1. 8. Xc nh h s hot ca ion SO
2
4

trong dung dch cha 0,01 mol MgSO

4
, 0,005
mol NaCl v 0,001 mol MgCl
2
trong 1000 g nc, da vo d kin sau:
Lc ion 0,001 0,01 0,02 0,05 0,1

ion ha tr II
0,77 0,58 0,50 0,40 0,30
1. 9. tan ca mui kh tan tali ioat trong dung dch nc ca KClO
3
cc nng
khc nhau c xc nh 25
o
C:
C
KCl
(mol/l) 0,005 0,01 0,02 0,05
3
TlIO
S
(mol/l)
0.00193 0.00200 0,00210 0,00232
Chp nhn s phn li hon ton ca hai mui trn, hy tnh:
a. Tch s tan
3
TlIO
T
ca TlIO
3
. b.
3
TlIO

t
trong dung dch KCl nng 0,02 mol/l.
c. Hng s A trong phng trnh gii hn ca Debye Huckel.
1. 10. Cho bit nhng i lng nhit ng no c trng cho s hirat ha ion? C th
tin on kh nng hirat ha ion trong dung dch da vo ln v du ca cc i
lng hay khng? Gii thch.
1. 11. Nhng nguyn nhn ca s phn li cht in phn thnh cc ion trong dung dch?
1. 12. Ti sao li gi s gn ng bc nht ca phng trnh Debyle Huckel l nh lut
gii hn ca Debyle Huckel? Cho bit s p dng ca thuyt Debyle Huckel vo
dung dch cht in phn yu?
1. 13. Tnh

t
v
a
t
ca dung dch KCl (0,05M); CaCl
2
(0,05M) v AlCl
3
(0,05M) trong
nc 25
o
C.
1. 14. Tnh hot ca dung dch BaCl
2
0,01M 25
o
C. Bit

t
=0,501
1. 15. Tnh h s hot v hot ca Na
+
v Cl
-
.

t
v
a
t
ca NaCl trong dung dch
cha NaCl 0,0002M v Na
2
SO
4
0,02M.
1. 16. Mt dung dch acid yu HA 0,01M c K
a
=1,47.10
-3
trong nc phn li theo phng trnh:
HA + H
2
O


H
3
O
+
+ A
-
. Tnh h s phn li trong trng hp khng k n h s
hot v k n h s hot .
1
Chng II. S DN IN CA DUNG DCH IN PHN
I. DN IN CA DUNG DCH IN PHN
Kh nng dn in L ca dung dch in phn c xc nh bng i lng
nghch o ca in tr R: L = R
-1
.
in tr R ca mt khi dung dch c chiu di l, tit din ngang S c xc nh
bng cng thc:
l
R
S

y l in tr ring ca dung dch. Ngi ta gi nghch o ca
l dn in ring v c k hiu bng :
1 1
1
.
l l
L cm
R S S

Trong thc nghim in ho, i lng l/S c gi l hng s bnh C, do t
cng thc trn ta c:
1
C
R

c th so snh kh nng dn in ca dung dch in phn c ho tr ion khc
nhau ngi ta dng khi nim dn in ng lng , c mi lin h vi dn in
ring bng phng trnh:
1000
C

vi C l s ng lng gam cht in phn c trong mt lt dung
dch
Nu

l dn in ng lng long v tn th i vi cht in phn yu:

v
2
( )
c
K
C

Nghin cu kh nng dn in ca cc ion long v tn, Kohlrauch i n

kt lun:

+


Cc i lng
,
+

c gi l linh ion v c cng th nguyn vi dn in
ng lng tc l
-1
.cm
2
.lg
-1
. Gia linh ion v tc tuyt i U ca ion c s lin
h:
. U F
+ +

v
. U F

y U
+
v U
-
l tc tuyt i ca cc ion tng ng,
l tc ca ion khi cng in trng bng 1 volt/cm. Th nguyn ca U l
cm
2
.volt
-1
.s
-1
. Cn F l s Faraday c gi tr bng 96500 coulomb.
biu th s ph thuc ca dn in ng lng vo nng dung dch, i
vi cht in phn mnh trong dung dch long ngi ta s dng cc phng trnh kinh
nghim: A C

(phng trnh Kohlrauch)

i vi cht in phn yu, phng trnh sau c nghim ng:
2
1 1 .
.
C
C
K

+
hay:
4
( 1 1)
2
K c
C K

+
hay:
K
c

Vi C la nng dung dich;
K
C
la hng s phn li
Thuyt hin i v dung dch in phn ca Debye Huckel cho php thit lp
mt cch l thuyt v s ph thuc ca dn in ng lng vo nng dung dch.
i vi dung dch long ca cht in phn ho tr 1 -1 trong nc 25
o
C, ta c phng
trnh gii hn ca Debye Osanger:
(60, 20 0, 23 ) C

+
2
II. LINH ION
Vn tc ca mt ion trong mt in trng in th l 1 volt trn khong cch
l 1 cm theo chiu in trng c gi l linh ion.
* Xc nh linh ion bng phng php ranh gii di ng:
o vn tc di chuyn ca ranh gii tip xc gia 2 dung dch cht in li trong mt
ng c tit din ngang khng i khi c dng in i qua:
i
i
v x
u
E tE

x: ranh gii di chuyn c 1 on x;
t: thi gian di chuyn c 1 on x
III. S TI
Ngi ta gi s ti ca mt dng ion l t s gia in lng do dng ion ti i v
in lng tng qut ti bi cc dng ion c trong dung dch.
Gia s ti ca ion v linh ion c mt s lin h:
t
t

+ +

V
. U F
+ +

v
. U F

vi U
t
l tc tuyt i ca cation hay anion, nn:
t U V
t U V
+ + +


Vi V
t
l tc di chuyn ca cation hay anion.
i vi cht in phn phn li thnh hai dng cation v anion th: t
+
+ t
-
= 1.
1. S ti c xc nh bng phng php Hittorf theo :
a
a c
m
t
m m
+

+
v
c
c
a c
m
t
m m

+
y
a
m
,
c
m
l gim lng cht in phn
khu anod v khu catod.
* Trng hp lng cht in phn khng ngng tng ln khu anod do in cc
ho tan, do s ti c xc nh nh sau:
x y
t
x
+

v t
+
+ t
-
= 1, x: S lg ca KL tan vo dung dch;
y: S lg ion KL i v catod.
2. S ti xc nh theo phng php ranh gii di ng:
. .
1000 .
F V C SxC
t
n I t
+
+

S: Tit din ngang ca bnh; x: on ng rang gii di
chuyn; F: hng s Faraday, bng 96500 coulomb; C
i
: nng ca ion i; I: cng
dng in (ampe); t: thi gian tnh bng giy.
BAI TP
1. in tr ca dung dch KNO
3
0.01N c o trong bnh o dn in c hng s bnh
0,5cm
-1
, bng 423. Xc nh dn in ring , dn in ng lng v phn li
biu kin , nu linh ion K
+
v ion NO
3
-
ln lt bng 64,5 v 61,6
-1
.cm
2
.lg
-1
.
2. dn in ng lng gii hn 25
o
C i vi dung dch nc ca C
2
H
5
COONa,
NaCl v HCl ln lt bng 85,9; 126,45 v 426,15
-1
.cm
2
.lg
-1
. Tnh

ca axit
propionic 25
o
C.
3. Hng s phn li K
C
ca axit C
3
H
7
COOH bng 1,54.10
-5
. Xc nh phn li ca
dung dch ny long V-1024l.lg
-1
; Xc nh nng H
+
v

nu nng
cho, dn in ng lng ca axit bng 41,3
-1
.cm
2
.lg
-1
.
3
4. Ngi ta mt dung dch NaCl vo mt ng thy tinh m hai u ng c t hai in
cc cch nhau 1,53 cm, c ni vi mt ngun in mt chiu th hiu 12 vn. Sau 5
pht, ion Na
+
di chuyn c mt on bng 1,2 cm. Hy tnh tc tuyt i ca ion
Na
+
.
5. 25
o
C, dn in ring ca dung dch AgCl bo ha bng 2,68.10
-6

-1
.cm
-1
, ca
nc nguyn cht bng 0,86.10
-6

-1
.cm
-1
. dn in ng lng gii hn ca cc
dung dch AgNO
3
, HCl v HNO
3
25
o
C ln lt bng 133, 426 v 421
-1
.cm
2
.lg
-1
.
Tnh tan ca AgCl nhit trn.
6. xc nh s ti ca ion Cu
2+
v Cl
-
bng phng php Hittorf, ngi ta tin hnh
in phn mt dung dch CuCl
2
nng 26,9 g/l vi cc in cc bng graphit. Sau in
phn, catod nng thm c 2 g. S phn tch cho thy 0,5 l dung dch khu anod c 4,75
g Cu v 0,5 l dung dch catod c 3,95 g Cu. Tm t
Cu
2+ v t
Cl
-.
7. 25
o
C dn in ng lng long v tn ca CH
3
COONa bng 91
-1
.cm
2
.lg
-1
. S
ti ca anion bng 0,43. dn in ng lng long v tn ca KCl 25
o
C
bng 149,8
-1
.cm
2
.lg
-1
.S ti ca cation K
+
bng 0,49. Tm

ca CH
3
COOK.
8. 25
o
C dn in ring ca BaCl
2
bng 0,002382
-1
.cm
-1
. S ti ca ion Ba
2+
trong
dung dch ny bng 0,4375. Tnh tc tuyt i ca ion Ba
2+
v Cl
-
trong dung dch
BaCl
2
0,02N.
9. xc nh s ti ngi ta in phn mt dung dch AgNO
3
vi cc in cc bng
bc. Lng AgNO
3
trong khu anod trc v sau in phn bng 0,2278 v 0,2818. Trong
qu trnh in phn c 0,0194 g Cu bm vo catod ca Culng k ng mc ni tip vi
bnh in phn. Tnh s ti ca Ag
+
v NO
3
-
.
10. Trong ng hnh tr ng knh 8 mm ngi ta hai dung dch HCl v NaCl sao cho
gia hai dung dich c mt ranh gii r rt. Khi cho mt dng in cng 5 mA i qua
th ranh gii di chuyn vi tc 0,085 mm/giy. Bit rng nng dung dch HCl bng
0,01M. Hy xc nh s ti ca ion H
+
.
11. xc nh s ti ngi ta tin hnh in phn dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
vi anod bng
Ag v Catod bng Cu. Sau mt thi gian in phn ngi ta thy rng dung dch khu
anod cha 0,02 mol AgNO
3
cn

dung dch khu catod li mt i 0,006 mol Cu(NO
3
)
2
.
a. Vit cc phn ng in cc trong qu trnh in phn v cho bit ti mi khu anod v catod
s ng lng cht in phn thu c hoc mt i do s ti ion l bao nhiu?
b. Tnh s ti anion NO
3
-
.
12. Dung dch AgCl bo ha c dn in ring c 2,34.10
-6

-1
.cm
-1
, dn in ring
ca nc c 0,06
-1
.cm
-1
. Tnh ha tan ca AgCl trong nc v tch s tan ca AgCl.
Bit
Ag
+=61,9
-1
.cm
2
.lg
-1
.
Cl
-
= 76,3
-1
.cm
2
.lg
-1
.
13. Mt bnh Hittorf cha dung dch MSO
4
0,1M vi MSO
4
l cht in li mnh v in
cc ca bnh bng KL M. Khi cho in lng 1 Faraday i qua bnh, thc nghim cho
thy rng dung dch trong ngn anod c tng khi lng bng 2 ln gim khi
lng ca in cc anod.
a. Vit phn ng xy ra anod v cc s tng gim khi lng xy ra trong dung dch
ngn anod.
b. Nu nguyn t lng ca M l 44g. Tnh s ti ca cation M
2+
.
14. Mt bnh in phn c R
1
= 22 khi cha dung dch CH
3
COONa 0,1M v c R
2
=
7,3 khi cha dung dch B gm 2 dung dch c cng V (dung dch CH
3
COONa 0,1M v
HCl 0,2M) v c R
3
= 16 khi cha dung dch NaCl 0,1M. Tnh:
a. Hng s ca bnh in phn?
b. dn in ring v dn in ng lng ca dung dch A.
4
c. dn in ca dung dch B.
d. dn in ng lng ca H
+
.
Cho
NaCl
= 126
-1
.cm
2
.lg
-1
,
Na
+ = 50
-1
.cm
2
.lg
-1
15. dn in ng lng cua dung dich CH
3
COOH 0,05M bng 0,000324
-1
.cm
-1
.
Xac inh dn in ng lng , phn li , nng ion H
+
, va hng s phn li K
C
cua CH
3
COOH nu dn in ng lng cu a dung dich axit loang v tn bng
347,8
-1
.cm
2
.lg
-1
.
16. 25
o
C, khi o in tr cua dung dich BaCl
2
cac nng kha c nhau a thu c kt
qua nh sau:
C (mol/l) 0,0002 0,0005 0,001 0,002
R ()
17520 11160 5680 2905
Xac inh dn in ng lng gii han loang v tn cua dung dich
BaCl
2
, bit rng hng s binh bng 1,5 cm
-1
.
17. 25
o
C dung di ch NH
4
Cl, NaCl va NaOH co dn in ng lng loang v
tn ln lt bng 149,7; 126,45 va 217,8
-1
.cm
2
.lg
-1
.
Tinh

cua dung di ch amoniac.

18. Dung di ch axit yu HA 25
o
C va loang 32 lit co dn in ng lng bng
9,2
-1
.cm
2
.lg
-1
.

cua dung di ch nay bng 389

-1
.cm
-1
lg
-1
. Tinh nng ion H
+
va
hng s phn li cua axit nay.
19. dn in ring cua dung di ch H
2
SO
4
4% 18
o
C bng 0,1675. Khi lng rieng
cua dung di ch nhit nay bng 1,0255 g/cm
3
. Xac inh cua dung di ch axit.
20. Dung di ch bao hoa AgBr co dn in ring bng 0,57.10
-7

cua dung di ch nay

bng 121,9
-1
.cm
-1
lg
-1
. Xac inh tan cua AgBr, biu thi bng g/l.
21. dn in ring cua dung dich NaCl 18
o
C phu thu c vao nng nh sau:
C (mol/l) 0,0005 0,001 0,002 0,005
(
-1
.cm
-1
)
0,536 1,065 2,110 5,170
Tim phng trinh biu din s phu thuc cua vao C .
22. Xac inh tc tuyt i cua ion
4
MnO

nu sau 10 phut ion chuyn di c mt

oan bng 2,5 cm; th hiu t vao hai cc ca ch nhau 16,13 cm co gia tri bng 120 volt.
23. Xac inh t c tuyt i cua ion
4
NH
+
nu dn in ring cua dung dich NH
4
Cl
0,0001N bng 1,29.10
-5

-1
.cm
-1
va linh ion Cl
-
bng 64,9
-1
.cm
2
lg
-1

24. Ngi ta in phn mt dung dch CdCl
2
vi in cc platin trong 1 gi, cng
dng l 0,2A. Bit s ti ion Cd
2+
bng 0,414, hy tnh gim CdCl
2
(ra gam) khu
catod v anod.
25. Kt qua o cu a dung dich KCl 25
o
theo nng c ghi lai di y:
C (mol/l) 0,02 0,01 0,005 0,001
(
-1
.cm
-1
lg
-1
)
138,34 141,27 143,55 146,95
Xac inh

cua KCl.
Phn II. CC QU TRNH IN CC
1. Quy c quc t v s pin in:
Nguyn t in ha (hay pin in) gm 2 in cc bng kim loi nhng vo dung
dch in phn. Ta xc nh bin i ha hc xy ra trong pin khi c 1 Faraday i qua
theo hng th no c s oxi ha bn in cc bn tri v s kh bn in cc bn
5
phi. Anion s di chuyn v in cc bn tri (anod) va cation s di chuyn v in cc
bn phi (catod)
S nguyn t in ha Daniell - Jacobi c k hiu:
Zn | ZnSO
4
(0,1 M) MMCuSO
4
(0,01 M) | Cu
Ranh gii phn chia in cc v dung dch c ghi bng mt vch dc cn ranh
gii 2 dung dch c ghi bng 1 vch hoc 1 vch chm chm. Nu in th khuch tn
ranh gii 2 dung dch c b qua th vch chm chm c thay bng 2 vch:
Zn / ZnSO
4
(0,1 M) || CuSO
4
(0,01 M) | Cu
2. Sc in ng ca pin in (phng trnh Nerst)
Gi s, c phn ng xy ra trong pin theo phng trnh:
aA + bB mM + nN
th sc in ng E bng:
0
.
ln
.
m n
M N
a b
A B
a a RT
E E
nF a a

a
i
l hot ca cht i, n l s e trao i
trong phn ng in ho.
3. Th in cc
Th in cc ca mt in cc (na nguyn t) l sc in ng ca mt
nguyn t Ganvani cu to bi in cc hiro chun xp bn tri s nguyn t v in
cc kho st. Th in cc c th dng hoc m.
Theo quy c vit s nguyn t th sc in ng E bng hiu gia th ca
in cc dng hn v th ca in cc m hn: E =
+
-
-
V d, i vi nguyn t Dianen Jacobi c cc bn phn ng cc in cc sau:
Catod (-) Anod (+)
Zn Zn
2+
+ 2e
2 2 2
0
/ /
ln
2
Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn
RT
a
F

+ + +
+
Cu
2+
+ 2e Cu
2 2 2
0
/ /
ln
2
Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu
RT
a
F

+ + +
+
2 2 2 2 2 2
0 0
/ / / /
( ln ) ( ln )
2 2
Cu Cu Zn Zn Cu Cu Cu Zn Zn Zn
RT RT
E a a
F F

+ + + + + +
+ +
2 2 2 2
0 0
/ /
( ) ( ln ln )
2 2
Cu Cu Zn Zn Cu Zn
RT RT
a a
F F

+ + + +
+

2
2
0
ln
2
Zn
Cu
a
RT
E
F a
+
+

4. Nhit ng lc hc v pin in
Nu nguyn t in ho lm vic thun nghch nhit ng th cng do pin sn ra:
'
max
A G nFE
(n v: Jun; 1cal = 4,18 jun)
Bin thin entropi c tnh theo biu thc:
p
E
S nF
T

,
Bin thin entanpi c tnh theo biu thc:
p
E
H nF T E
T
1

_

1

, 1
]
Hng s cn bng c tnh theo biu thc:
0
ln
RT
E E K
nF

vi K l hng s cn
bng ca phn ng xy ra trong pin.
5. Th khuch tn
6
* Trng hp pin nng to bi 2 in cc loi 1 (KL nhng vo dd ca axit,
mui tan)
2 1 2 2
( ) | ( ) ( ) | ( ) Pt H HCl m HCl m H Pt M
th sc in ng c vit:
E = E
in cc
E
k.tn
=
2
1
( )
2 . ln
( )
a RT
t
nF a
t

t
(trng hp ny n =1)
V E
in cc
=

2
1
( )
ln
( )
a RT
nF a
t
t
nn th khuch tn bng
E
k.tn
= E E
in cc
=
2 2
1 1
( ) ( )
(2 1). ln ( ). ln
( ) ( )
a a RT RT
t t t
nF a nF a
t t
+
t t

V
t

+
v
t


+
+
+

+
nn th khuch tn bng
E
k.tn
=
2
1
( )
. ln
( )
a RT
nF a


+ t
+ t

+
* Trng hp pin nng to bi 2 in cc loi 2, v d:
1 2
, | ( ) ( ) | , Ag AgCl HCl m HCl m AgCl Ag M
th E =
2
1
( )
2 . ln
( )
a RT
t
nF a
t

t
E
k.tn
=
1 1
2 2
( ) ( )
(2 1). ln ( ). ln
( ) ( )
a a RT RT
t t t
nF a nF a
t t
+
t t

BI TP
1. Nguyn t Ganvani c thit lp vi hai in cc ng v caimi:
2
0
/
0, 377
Cu Cu
V
+

; 2
0
/
0, 403
Cd Cd
V
+

. Hy vit phng trnh biu th s ph thuc sc in
ng E vo hot cc ion, vit s nguyn t Ganvani v phng trnh phn ng xy
ra trong nguyn t ny.
2. Cho pin in vi s : (Pt)H
2
(p=1)|HCl(
a
t
=0,15)|Hg
2
Cl
2
,Hg
25
o
C
2 2
0
/ ,
0, 2681
Cl Hg Cl Hg
V


. Hy tnh sc in ng ca pin.
3. 298
o
C, sc in ng ca pin: Zn|ZnCl
2
(0,05M)|AgCl,Ag bng 1,015V. H s nhit
ca sc in ng bng -0,000492V.K
-1
. Vit cc phn ng in ha v tnh cc i
lng G, H v S ca phn ng xy ra trong pin 298K.
4. 298K th chun ca h redox Ce
3+
,Ce
4+
/Pt; Fe
2+
, Fe
3+
/Pt bng 1,61 v 0,77 volt. C
th kt lun g v cc d kin trn i vi dung dch cha 2 h redox ny?
5. Hy thit lp s nguyn t Ganvani da trn cc phn ng tng qut sau y:
a. Zn + Cu
2+
Cu + Zn
2+
b. Ag
+

+ Cl
-
AgCl
c. Zn + Cl
2
ZnCl
2
d. HgO
(r)
+ H
2
Hg + H
2
O
e. Ce
4+
+ Fe
2+



Ce
3+
+ Fe
3+
6. Tnh sc in ng 25
o
C i vi pin nng sau:
a. Ag|AgNO
3
(0,01m)||AgNO
3
(0,1m)|Ag
b. Ag|AgNO
3
(0,01m)MAgNO
3
(0,1m)|Ag
c. Ag,Ag|NaCl(0,1m)||NaCl(0,01m)|AgCl,Ag
d. Ag,Ag|NaCl(0,1m) MNaCl(0,01m)|AgCl,Ag
bit rng h s hot trung bnh v s ti c gi tr di y:
m

t
t
+
Dung dch AgNO
3
0,01 0,897 0,465
0,1 0,734 0,468
7
Dung dich NaCl
0,01 0,903 0,392
0,1 0,778 0,385
7. Cho pin nng sau 25
o
C:
(+)(Pt)H
2
(1atm)|HCl(0,01m) MHCl(0,01m)|H
2
(0,01atm)(Pt)(-)
a. B qua hin tng ti qua ranh gii hai dung dch, hy vit phn ng xy ra trong
nguyn t v tnh sc in ng.
b. Vit cc phn ng xy ra do s ti ion gy ra v tnh th khuyt tn E
j
bit t
+
= 0,8.
8. Sc in ng ca mch gm in cc calomen bo ha v in cc hiro nhng vo
dung dch nghin cu 25
o
C c gi tr bng 0,562 V. Bit th ca in cc calomen bo
ha nhit trn bng 0,242 V, Xc nh pH ca dung dch nghin cu.
9. Tnh H v S khi phn ng thun nghch xy ra trong pin: CuSO
4
+Zn


Cu+
ZnSO
4
. Cho bit E
pin
= 1,096 V 25
o
C,
5
( )
3, 3.10
p
E
T

vol/.
10. Tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng sau y 25
0
C. ZnSO
4
+Cd


Zn+ CdSO
4
Bit 2
0
/ Zn Zn

+ = -0,763 volt; 2
0
/ Cd Cd

+ = -0,403 volt.
11. Cho pin Ag/Ag
+
(a=0,01)||Zn
2+
(a=0,1)|Zn
a. Vit phn ng ha hc ca pin
b. Tnh sc in ng ca pin 25
0
C Cho bit
0
/ Ag Ag

+ =0,799 volt.
12. Vit cc phn ng in cc v phn ng tng qut xy ra trong cc nguyn t sau:
Zn|ZnSO
4
||CuSO
4
|Cu
Ag,AgCl|CuCl
2
|Cu
(Pt)H
2
|H
2
SO
4
|Hg
2
SO
4
,Hg
(Pt)H
2
|HCl|Cl
2
Ag,AgCl|KCl|Hg
2
Cl
2
,Hg
13. Cho cc in cc:
(a) Cd|Cd
2+
(a=0,1) (b) (Pt)Cl
2
(p=1atm)|Cl
-
(a=0,01) (c) Ag,AgBr|Br
-
(a=0,0005)
(d) (pt)|Sn
2+
(a=0,02),Sn
4+
(a=0,04) (e) Hg,Hg
2
SO
4
|
2-
4
SO
(a=0,015)
a. Vit phn ng in cc v tnh cc th in cc.
b. Nu ghp tng i in cc a c; a d; b c to thnh pin th hy vit s
nguyn t v tnh sc in ng.
14. Thit lp nguyn t Ganvani da trn cc phn ng tng qut sau:
Cd + CuSO
4
CdSO
4
+ Cu
2Ag
+
+ H
2
2Ag + 2H
+
Ag
+
+ I
-
AgI
H
2
+ Cl
2
2HCl
Zn + Hg
2
SO
4
ZnSO
4
+ 2Hg
Pb + 2HCl PbCl
2
+ H
2
15. Sc in ng ca nguyn t trong tin hnh phn ng:
2 2
1
2
Ag Hg Cl AgCl Hg + +
25
o
C bng 0,0255V v bng 0,0421V 20
o
C.
Xc nh H, S 25
o
C.
16. 25
o
C sc in ng ca pin trong xy ra phn ng:
2 2
d d C PbCl C Cl Pb + +
bng 0,1880 V.
p
E
T

,
= -4,8.10
-10
V.K
-1
. Xc nh H, S.
17. Tnh s ti ca ion Cu
2+
trong dung dch CuSO
4
long bit rng 25
o
C sc in ng
ca nguyn t nng c ti: Cu|CuSO
4
(0,001m)MCuSO
4
(0,01m)|Cu
Bng 0,0268V v
4
( ) CuSO

t
bng 0,74 i vi dung dch 0,001m v bng 0,14 i vi dung
dch 0,01m.
18. Cho mch nng c ti:
2 2 2 2
, | (0,1 ) (0, 001 | , Hg Hg Cl NaCl m NaCl m Hg Cl Hg M
a. Vit cc phn ng in cc v phn ng tng qut.
b. Vit phng trnh biu th sc in ng 25
o
C.
8
c. Tnh sc in ng ny 25
o
C nu t
+
= 0,40 i vi dung dch NaCl v nu
t
ca
NaCl 0,1m bng 0,6;
t
ca NaCl 0,001m bng 1.
d. Tnh sc in ng trong trng hp b qua th khuch tn.
19. 25
o
C, sc in ng ca mch:
4 4
, | ( 0, 02) | Pb PbSO CuSO m Cu
bng 0,5594.
Xc nh
t
ca CuSO
4
, bit rng: 2
0
/
0, 340
Cu Cu
V
+

; 2
4 4
0
/ ,
0, 35
SO PbSO Pb
V


20. Tnh tan ca AgBr trong nc 25
o
C da vo cc d kin v th chun ca cc
in cc nh sau:
0
/
0, 779
Ag Ag
V
+

;
0
r / r,
0, 73
B AgB Ag
V


21. 25
o
C sc in ng chun E
0
ca pin:
(Pt)H
2
(1atm)|H
2
SO
4
(m)|Ag
2
SO
4
, Ag bng 0,627.
a. Vit phn ng t din bin trong pin
b. Tnh sc in ng ca pin nu m = 0,1 (khng k h s hot )
c. Tnh sc in ng E ca pin nu dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,1m c
t
bng 0,7.
d. Tnh tch s tan ca Ag
2
SO
4
.
22. Tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng:
2 3 3
2 2 Fe Au Fe Au
+ + + +
+ +


Bit
0
/
1, 68
Au Au
V
+

; 3
0
/
1, 50
Au Au
V
+

; 3 2
0
/
0, 77
Fe Fe
V
+ +

23. Tnh H, S khi phn ng xy ra thun nghch trong pin
CuSO
4
+ Zn


Cu + ZnSO
4
. Bit E
pin
= 1,096 V 25
o
C,
5
3, 3.10
( )
p
E
T

volt.
-1
24. Tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng sau y 25
o
C:
ZnSO
4
+ Cd


Zn + CdSO
4
. Bit 2
0
/
0, 763
Zn Zn
volt
+

; 2
0
/
0, 403
Cd Cd
volt
+

25. Cho pin vi s sau:
a. Ag | Ag
+
(a=0,01) || Zn
2+
(a=0,1) | Zn
0
/
0, 799
Ag Ag
volt
+

b. (Pt) Fe
2+
(a=1) | Fe
3+
(a=0,1) || Cl
-
(a=10
-3
) | AgCl | Ag
c. Zn |
2-
2
ZnO
(a=0,1) || OH
-
(a=1)|HgO|Hg
d. Ag | Ag
2
SO
4
|| H
2
SO
4
(a=0,1) | H
2
(1atm) (Pt)
1. Vit phn ng ho hc ca pin
2. Tnh sc in ng ca pin
26. C nhng pin in ha c cu to bi cc cp oxi ha kh sau:
a) Pb
2+
/Pb v Fe
2+
/Fe b) Ag
+
/Ag v Fe
2+
/Fe
c) Ag
+
/Ag v Pb
2+
/Pb. Hy cho bit:
- Du v tn ca cc in cc trong mi pin in ha.
- Nhng phn ng xy ra in cc v phn ng oxi ha kh trong mi pin in ha.
- Tnh sc in ng chun ca mi pin
27. Bit phn ng oxi ha kh xy ra trong mt pin in ha l: Fe + Ni
2+
Fe
2+
+ Ni
a) Xc nh cc in cc m v dng ca pin in ha.
b) Vit phng trnh ca phn ng oxi ha v phn ng kh xy ra trn mi in cc.
c) Tnh sut in ng chun ca pin in ha.
28. Tnh th in cc chun E
0
ca cp oxi ha kh sau: 3
0
r / r C C
E
+ v 2
0
/ Mn Mn
E
+ .Bit :
- Sut in ng chun ca cc pin in ha: Cr Ni l +0,51 V v ca pin Cd
Mn l 0,79 V
- Th in cc chun 2
0
/ Cd Cd
E
+ = -0,40 V v 2
0
/ Ni Ni
E
+ = -0,26 V.
9
Chng VI. NG HC CC QU TRNH IN CC
Qu trnh bin i ho hc trn cc in cc khi c dng in mt chiu lu thn
qua cht in phn gi l s in phn. nh lut Faraday l c s nh lng cho s in
phn, v c pht biu nh sau: lng cht thot ra trn in cc hay ho tan vo dung
dch t l thun vi in lng i qua cht in phn v vi ng lng ho hc ca
cht . Biu thc ca nh lut Faraday c biu th nh sau:
. .
96500
I t
m

m: lng cht b bin i ho hc trn in cc (g)

t: thi gian in phn (giy); I: cng dng (Ampe)
: ng lng ho hc ca cht in phn = A/n ;
A: khi lng mol ca cht, n: ho tr hay s e trao i trong
qu trnh in phn
i lng
96500

chnh l ng lng in ho
V s in phn bao gi cng km theo cc qu trnh ph khin cho in nng
thc t dng trong in phn bao gi cng cao hn so vi tnh ton theo Faraday, nn
ngi ta a ra hiu sut dng in, k hiu: . Hiu sut dng in l t s gia lng
cht thc t thot ra trong in phn v lng cht thot ra theo nh lut Faraday:
'
.96500
.100%
. .
m
I t

; m

: l lng cht thc t thot ra trong in phn

Qu trnh in phn thng km theo hin tng phn cc: l hin tng xut
hin mt dng in ngc chiu vi dng in ngoi dng in phn. Ngi ta gi
sc in ng xut hin gia hai in cc trong qu trnh in phn l sc in ng
phn cc E
p
. s in phn thc t c th xy ra, cn phi t vo hai u in cc mt
hiu th c gi tr hi ln hn gi tr E
p
.
Hiu th b nht cn cho s in phn c th lin tc xy ra c gi l th phn
hu E
ph
.
Hiu gia th phn hu E
ph
v sc in ng phn cc E
p
l qu th, cng k hiu
bng ch . = E
ph
E
p

Qu th trong s gii phng kim loi trn catod thng c gi tr nh trong khi ,
gi phng kh, qu th c gi tr ng k. Qu th l mt hm ca mt in v c
biu th bng phng trnh Tafen: = a + blgi
Vi I l mt dng in; a v b l hai hng s. b = 0,12 v khng i i vi cc
kim loi khc nhau. Hng s a c tr s thay i kh ln i vi cc kim loi khc nhau.
Tu thuc vo bn cht qu trnh in ho m trong in phn ngi ta phn bit
s phn cc hot ho vi s phn cc nng . Trong s phn cck nng , tc
khuch ion v in cc tun theo nh lut Fick th nht di dng:
. .
C
v D A

D: h s khch tn ion (cm

2
/giy)
A: din tch in cc (cm
2
); C: nng dung dch;
: b dy lp khuch tn (cm)
V trong in ho hc tc qu trnh in cc c o bng mt in i nn ta
c:
.
.
i A
v
n F

C
i nFD

10
BAI TP
1. Ngi ta in phn mt dung dch CuCl
2
trong 6 gi vi cng 3A. Xc nh lng
cc cht thot ra trn cc in cc
2. Cn phi in phn trong bao lu mt dung dch NiSO
4
vi cng dng l 2A
thu c hon ton Ni trn catod bit rng hiu sut dng bng 90%, th tch dung dch
NiSO
4
l 0,5 lt v nng dung dch l 0,1N.
3. in phn mt dung dch mui km vi catoa bng Fe c din tch 1000cm
3
. Xc nh
b dy ca lp km ph nu in phn trong 25 pht vi mt dng trung bnh bng
2,5A/dm
2
. Khi lng ring ca Zn bng 7,15 g/cm
2
.
4. Xc nh sc in ng phn cc khi in phn dung dch CuSO
4
25
o
C. Tm qu th
oxi trn in cc Pt nhn nu th phn hu ca CuSO
4
bng 1,35V v
0
ca oxi bng
1,23V.
5. m ng ln cc vt liu ngi ta hay dng dung dch cha CuSO
4
v H
2
SO
4
. Liu
ng c thot ra hon ton trn catod m khng c s thot kh hiro khng; Bit qu th
ca oxi trn Pt bng 0,46 cn qu th hiro trn Cu bng 0,23V.
6. Hy tnh in th m b nht cn phi t vo in cc Hg (catod) kh hiro thot ra
25
0
C di p sut 1atm bit rng dung dch in phn l HCl 0,1m, mt dng bng
10
-2
A/cm
2
,
t
ca HCl nng trn bng 0,796, qu th hiro tun theo phng trnh
Tafen dng: = 1,410 + 0,116 lg i
7. Ngi ta in phn mt dung dch CuSO
4
10
-4
M c d cht nn vi mt dng gii
hn l 9,65 A/cm
2
. H s khuch tn ca CuSO
4
trong dung dch trn bng 0,6.10
-5
cm
2
/giy. Hy tnh b dy lp khuch tn.
9. Tm ng lng in ho ca Ni bit rng nu in phn dung dch NiSO
4
bng dng
in cng 0,5A th sau 48 pht ta thu c 0,4380g Ni.
10. Xc nh hiu sut dng nu khi cho 25 ampe gi i qua dung dch ZnSO
4
th thu
c 22,5 g Zn trn catod.
11. Ngi ta mun m mt lp Ni dy 0,3 mm ln mt tm kim loi din tch 100 cm
2
.
Hi phi tin hnh m trong bao lu vi cng dng l 3 A? Nu hiu sut dng l
90% th ph mt lng Ni tng t nh trn, thi gian i hi phi l bao nhiu? Bit
d
Ni
= 9 g/cm
3
.
12. Khi in phn dung dch ZnSO
4
th trn catod c s gii phng H
2
ng thi vi s
thot ra ca Zn v iu ny dn ti hiu sut tch Zn theo dng gim. Xc nh lng Zn
v th tch H
2
thot ra ( 25
o
C v 1 atm) trn catod nu cho i qua dung dch 20 ampe
gi, hiu sut tch Zn l 90%.
13. Xc nh sc in ng phn cc khi in phn mt dung dch CuCl
2
25
o
C nu th
in cc ca Cu bng 0,34V cn th ca clo bng 1,36V.
14. Xc nh th phn hu E
ph
ca CdSO
4
nu qu th oxi trn anod bng 0,4V, v b qua
qu th ca Cd trn catod. Th chun ca Cd bng 0,4V, th oxi ho chun ca oxi bng
1,23V.
15. Bit qu th hiro trn in cc Ni bng 0,21 V v qu th oxi trn in cc Pt bng
0,46V. Hy tm th phn hu NiSO
4
khi in phn dung dch ny bng cc in cc Pt v
11
cho bit trn catod c th xy ra qu trnh thot Ni hon ton m khng c s gii phng
kh hiro khng?
16. Ngi ta in phn dung dch H
2
SO
4
vi anod bng Pt. Th phn hu H
2
SO
4
bng
2,69V. Qu th oxi trn Pt bng 0,46V. Hy tnh qu th hiro trn catod ch.
17. in phn mt dung dch CO
4
1m 25
o
C vi mt d dng bng 31,6A/m
2
. Hy tnh
xem phi t vo catod Cu mt in th m b nht l bao nhiu Cu c th thot ra
trn catod. Chp nhn rng s phn cc nng khng ng k; 2
0
/ Cu Cu

+ = 0,34V;

t
ca
CuSO
4
1m bng 0,043. Mt dng trao i i
0
= 0,2A/m
2
v h s chuyn bng 0,5.
(s dng phng trnh qu th catod:
0
2, 303 2, 303
lg lg
c
RT RT
i i
nF nF

+
)
18. Tnh lng Cu c gii phng trn catod nu cho mt dng in cng 1,5A i
qua dung dch CuSO
4
trong 12 pht.
19. in phn 100 ml mt dung dch c ha tan 13,5 gam CuCl
2
v 14,9 gam KCl (c
mng ngn v in cc tr).
a) Trnh by s v phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng in phn c th xy ra.
b) Hy cho bit cht no cn li trong dung dch in phn. Bit thi gian in phn l 2
gi, cng dng in l 5,1A.
c) Hy xc nh nng mol cc cht c trong dung dch sau in phn. Bit rng dung
dch sau in phn c pha long cho 200 ml.
20. in phn 400 ml dung dch CuSO
4
0,2M vi cng dng l 10A trong mt thi
gian thu c 0,224 lt kh (ktc) anot. Bit in cc dng l in cc tr v hiu
sut in phn l 100%. Tnh khi lng KL bm vo catot.
21. in phn 200 ml dung dch AgNO
3
0,4 M vi in cc tr, trong thi gian 4 gi,
cng dng in l 0,402A. Tnh khi lng Ag thu c, v nng mol cc cht
trong dung dch sau in phn. Cho rng th tch dung dch vn l 200 ml.
22. in phn dung dch CdSO
4
vi cc in cc tr vi cng dng in l 25 kA
trong thi gian 12 gi. Tnh khi lng KL Cd iu ch c (Cd=112,5) v th tch kh
(ktc) thu c.
23. in phn 100 ml dung dch CuSO
4
0,5M trong thi gian 1 gi, cng dng in
l 0,16A.
a) Tnh khi lng Cu iu ch c.
b) Tnh nng ca cc ion c trong dung dch trc v sau in phn. Coi th tch ca
dung dch sau in phn thay i khng ng k.
24. in phn dung dch 200 ml dung dch AgNO
3
vi cc in cc tr l graphit vi
thi gian l 15 pht, thu c 0,432 g Ag catot. Sau kt ta ht ion Ag
+
cn li
trong dung dch sau in phn, cn dng 25 ml dung dch NaCl 0,4M. Tnh cng
dng in dng v nng AgNO
3
dng.
12