ng c BLDC mc d c tn l mt chiu khng chi than nhng n thuc nhm ng c ng b nam chm vnh cu ch khng phi l ng c mt chiu.

Ta s ni l do ti sao n c tn nh vy phn sau. ng c ng b nam chm vnh cu l nhm ng c xoay chiu ng b (tc l rotor quay cng tc vi t trng quay) c phn cm l nam chm vnh cu. Da vo dng sng sc phn in ng stator ca ng c m trong nhm ny ta c th chia thnh 2 loi: -ng c (sng) hnh sin -ng c (sng) hnh thang ng c BLDC l loi ng c sng hnh thang, nhng ng c cn li l ng c sng hnh sin (ta gi chung vi tn l PM Permanent magnet Motor). Chnh ci sc phn in ng c dng hnh thang ny mi l yu t quyt nh xc nh mt ng c BLDC ch khng phi cc yu t khc nh Hall sensor, b chuyn mch in t (Electronic Commutator), .v.v. Nh nhiu ngi vn ngh.

Hnh 1: Sc phn in ng dng hnh thang

Cu to ca ng c BLDC:
-Stator: bao gm li st (cc l thp k thut in ghp cch in vi nhau) v dy qun. Cch qun dy ca BLDC khc so vi cch qun dy ng c xoay chiu 3 pha thng thng, s khc bit ny to nn sc phn in ng dng hnh thang m ta thy. Nu khng quan tm ti vn thit k, ch to ng c, ta c th b qua s phc tp ny.

Hnh 2: Stator ng c BLDC -Rotor: V c bn l khng c g khc so vi cc ng c nam chm vnh cu khc.

Hnh 3: Rotor ng c BLDC -Hall sensor: do c th sc phn in ng c dng hnh thang nn cu hnh iu khin thng thng ca BLDC cn c cm bin xc nh v tr ca t trng rotor so vi cc pha ca cun dy stator. lm c iu ngi ta dng cm bin hiu ng Hall, gi tt l Hall sensor.

Hnh 4: Minh ha hot ng Hall sensor

Hnh 5: Hall sensor gn trn stator Cn ch l Hall sensor c gn trn stator ca BLDC ch khng phi trn rotor. Hnh v sau y hay c s dng trong cc ti liu v BLDC v n to hiu nhm rng ngi ta gn Hall sensor trn rotor. Thc t l Hall sensor c gn trn stator. Application note AN885 ca hng Microchip a ra hnh v ny v h cng gii thch rng Hall sensor c gn trn stator: Hall sensors are embedded into the stationary part of the motor. Embedding the Hall sensors into the stator is a complex process because any misalignment in these Hall sensors, with respect to the rotor magnets, will generate an error in determination of the rotor position.

Hnh 6: Hnh v minh ha cu to BLDC ca Microchip Dng sng sc phn in ng pha, dy v tn hiu a v t Hall sensor:

Hnh 7: Sc phn in ng pha, dy v tn hiu Hall sensor