BI TP NNG CAO HNH HC 7

L Vn H - Gio vin trng THCS nh Lin - Yn nh - Thanh Ho

Gmail: hadinhlien@gmail.com
in thoi: 0977442256
Bi 1. Nu trong tam gic vung c mt cnh gc vung bng na cnh huyn th gc i din vi
cnh y bng 30

.
Li gii. Xt ABC vung ti A c AC =
1
2
BC. Trn tia i ca tia AC ly
A
D A C
im D sao cho AD = AC.
ABD =ABC(c.g.c) BD = BC.
Do AC =
1
2
BC, AC =
1
2
DC nn BC =DC.
Tam gic BDC c BD=BC =DC nn l tam gic u, do

C = 60

. Suy
ra

ABC = 30

.
Bi 2. Tnh cc gc ca tam gic ABC. Bit rng ng cao AH v trung tuyn AM chia gc

BAC
thnh ba gc bng nhau.
Li gii.
V MKAC th KAM=HAM(cnh huyn-gc nhn) nn MK =
A
B H M
K
C
MH.
Do MK =
MB
2
=
MC
2
.
MKC vung c MK =
MC
2
nn

C = 30

.
Suy ra

HAC = 60

BAC = 90

B = 60

.
Bi 3. Cho tam gic ABC, v v pha ngoi tam gic y cc tam
gic u ABE, ACF. Gi I l trung im ca BC, H l trc tm ca
tam gic ABE. Tnh cc gc ca tam gic FIH.
Hng dn. i vi bi tp ny cn xt ba trng hp:
+ Trng hp 1:

BAC <90

.
A
E
H
B
F
C
K
I
Trn tia i ca tia IH ly im K sao cho IH = IK th
IBH = ICK(c.g.c)
CK =BH = HA. Ch rng:

FAH = 60

+30

A <180

KCI =

HBI =

B+30

. Suy ra

FCK =360

KCN +

ACB+

ACF
_
=360

_
90

B+

ACB
_
=90

A=

FAH.
v AF =CF.
Do AHF = CKF(c.g.c). Suy ra FH =FK nn tam gic FHK cn ti nh F.
Mt khc, do hai tam gic AHF v CKF bng nhau nn

AFH =

CFK, m

AFC = 60

nn

HFK =
60

.
Vy tam gic FHK u. Suy ra

HIF = 90

,

IHF = 60

,

IFH = 30

.
Ch . Ta cng c th v im K sao cho I l trung im KF th
BIK = CIF(c.g.c) BK =CF =AF (1)
V H l trc tm ca tam gic u ABE nn AH =BH (2)
1
BI TP NNG CAO HNH HC 7
Li c

HBK = 360

HBA

ABC

IBG = 360

30

ABC
_

BCA+60

_
= 270

ABC+

BCA
_
= 90

+

BAC =

HAF (3)
T (1), (2), (3) suy ra BHK =AHF(c.g.c) HK = HF.
Tam gic HKF cn ti H, c HI l ng trung tuyn
A
E
H
B
F
C I
ng thi l ng cao nn HIKF. Vy

HIF = 90

.
+ Trng hp 2:

BAC = 90

. Ta thy H, A, F thng hng;

E, H, I thng hng v EI//AC ng thi IF//AB.
Do EIIF suy ra

HIF = 90

,

IHF = 60

,

IFH = 30

.
+ Trng hp 3:

BAC >90

chng minh tng t trng

hp

BAC <90

.
Ch . Trc tmH ca tam gic ABE (giao ca ba ng
cao) c th thay bng trng tm G hoc giao ca ba ng phn gic (tm ng trn ni tip tam
gic ABE) hoc giao ca ba ng trung trc (ng trn i qua ba im A, B, E) l nh nhau.
Bi 4. Cho tam gic ABC c

ABC = 45

ACB = 120

. Trn tia
A
H
B C D
1
1
1 2
2
i ca tia CB ly im D sao cho CD = 2CB. Tnh s o gc

ADB.
Li gii. V

C
1
v

C
2
l hai gc k b, m

C
1
=120

nn

C
2
=60

.
V DHCA ta c tam gic CDH vung ti H c

CDH = 30

nn CH =
1
2
CD, m BC =
1
2
CD (gi thit, CD= 2BC) nn CH =
BC hay tam gic BCH cn ti H suy ra HB = HD. (1)
Ta c

B
1
= 15

A
1
= 15

nn tam gic HAB cn ti H. Do

HB = HA. (2)
T (1) v (2) suy ra tam gic HAD cn ti H, m

AHD = 90

. Suy ra tam gic AHD vung cn ti H.

T tnh c

ADB = 30

+45

= 75

.
Bi 5. Cho tam gic ABC c

BAC t, ng cao AH, ng phn gic BD tho mn

AHD = 45

.
Tnh

ADB.
Li gii.
Cch 1. V BKAC. Xt tam gic ABH c
A
K
B H
D
C
1
1
1
2
2
x
BD l ng phn gic trong; HD l ng
phn gic ngoi nh H nn ADl ng phn
gic ngoi nh A, suy ra

A
1
=

A
2
.
M

A
1
=

KBH (cng ph vi

C) nn

A
1
=

KBD+

B
1
. (1)
Mt khc

A
2
=

D
1
+

B
2
. (2)
V

A
1
=

A
2
;

B
1
=

B
2
nn t (1) v (2) suy ra

KBD =

D
1
. Do tam gic KBD vung cn ti nh K, suy ra

KBD =

ADB = 45

.
Cch 2. v hnh chnh xc, ta v tam gic BHD c

BHD = 135

, ri v im A sau v imC.
Xt ABH ta c:

HAx =

ABH +90

= 2

B
2
+90

.
2
BI TP NNG CAO HNH HC 7
Ta li c

HAx = 2

A
2
. Do
2

A
2
= 2

B
2
+90

A
2
=

B
2
+45

(1)
Mt khc, xt ABD ta c

A
2
=

B
2
+

D
1
(2)
T (1) v (2) suy ra

D
1
= 45

.
Ch . Trc khi lm bi tp ny, ta gii bi ton ph di y: Cho
E
A
D
B
C
F
I
tam gic ABC. Chng minh rng hai tia phn gic ngoi ca hai gc
ti hai nh B v C v tia phn gic trong ca gc A ct nhau ti mt
im (xem mt s bi tp lin qua n bi ton ny sau bi tp ny).
Li gii. Tht vy, gi I l giao im hai tia phn gic ngoi ca gc
B v C.
T I k IEAB; IFAC theo tnh cht tia phn gic ta c IE =IF v
ID =IF.
iu chng t I nm trn tia phn gic ca gc A. Ni cch khc hai tia phn gic ca hai gc
ngoi nh B v C v tia phn gic trong ca gc A ct nhau ti mt im.
Bi 5.1. Cho tam gic ABC c

A = 120

, cc ng phn gic AD v BE. Tnh s o ca

BED.
Li gii. K tia Ax l tia i ca tia AB, ta c

BAD=

CAD=
A
B D C
E
1 1
2
2
x
60

nn

CAx = 60

.
Xt tam gic ABD c AE l phn gic ngoi ti nh A, BD
l phn gic trong ti nh B. Do DE l phn gic ngoi
ti nh D. Do

BED =

D
1

B
1
=

ADC

ABC
2
=

BAD
2
=
60

2
= 30

.
Bi 5.2. Cho tam gic ABC c

ACB v

A t. K tia BDct tia i ca tia CA Dsao cho

CBD=

ABC.
K AH vung gc vi BD ti H. Tnh

CHD.
Li gii. Gi tia i ca tia AB l tia Ax.
A
B H D
C
1
1
1
2
2
x
Xt tam gic ABH, theo tnh cht gc ngoi ca tam
gic ta c

HAx = 90

+2

B
1
(hnh v bi 5).
Xt tam gic ABC c

A
2
=

C
1
+

B
1
= 45

B
1
=
1
2

HAx.
Suy ra AC l tia phn gic ca

HAx.
Kt hp vi gi thit BC l tia phn gic ca

ABH, suy
ra HC l tia phn gic ca

AHD. Vy

CHD = 45

.
Bi 5.3.
Cho tam gic ABC,

B = 120

, phn gic BD v CE.

ng thng cha tia phn gic ngoi ti nh A ca
tam gic ABC ct ng thng BC ti F. Chng minh
rng.
a)

ADF =

BDF.
b) Ba im D, E, F thng hng.
Li gii.
3
BI TP NNG CAO HNH HC 7
a) V tia i ca tia phn gic BD l By. Khi d thy

ABD =

ABF =

FBy = 60

.
Xt tam gic ABD c hai tia phn gic ngoi ca gc A v B ct nhau ti F suy ra DF l tia phn gic
trong ca gc D. Vy

ADF =

BDF.
b) Xt tam gic BCD c tia phn gic ca gc C v tia phn gic ngoi ti nh B ct nhau ti E, suy
ra DE l tia phn gic ca

ADB.
Ta c DE, DF u l tia phn gic ca gc

ADB nn ba im D, E, F thng hng.
Bi 5.4. Cho tam gic ABC,

B = 45

, phn gic BD, ng cao AH. Cho bit

BDA = 45

. Chng
minh rng HD//AB.
Li gii. Xt tam gic BCD c

ADB l gc ngoi ca
A
B H
D
C
1
1
1
2
2
x
tam gic BCD nn

ADB =

B
2
+

C suy ra

C =

ADB

B
2
hay

C = 45

B
2
.
Xt tam gic ABC c

A
1
l gc ngoi ti nh A nn

A
1
=

B+

C =

B+45

B
2

A
1
= 45

B
2
(1)
Xt tam gic AHC vung ti H c

A
2
= 90

C = 45

B
2
(2)
T (1), (2) suy ra

A
1
=

A
2
.
Xt tam gic ABH c D l giao im ca mt tia phn gic ngoi vi mt tia phn gic trong khng
k nn tia HD l tia phn gic ngoi ti im H do

DHC = 45

, suy ra HD//AB (v c cp gc
ng v bng nhau).
Bi 5.5. Cho tam gic ABC,

A = 120

, cc ng phn gic AD, BE,CF.

a) Chng minh rng DE l tia phn gic ngoi ca tam gic ADB.
b) Tnh

EDF.
Li gii. a) V Ax l tia i ca AB. Khi

BAC v CAx l
A
B D C
E
1 2
x
3
F
hai gc k b nn

BAD =

CAD =

CAx = 60

.
Xt tamgic ABDc AE l tia phn gic ngoi ti nh A; BE
l tia phn gic trong ti B nn DE l tia phn gic ngoi ti
nh D ca tam gic ADB.
b) Chng minh tng t DF l tia phn gic ngoi ti nh
D ca tam gic ACD.
Mt khc,

ADC v ADB l hai gc k b nn

EDF = 90

.
Bi 5.6. Cho tam gic ABC c cc ng phn gic BD,CE ct nhau ti I v ID =IE. Chng minh
rng

B =

C hoc

B+

C = 120

.
Li gii.
Cch 1. K IHAB, IKAC, ta c HIE =KID (cnh huyn-cnh gc vung) suy ra

IEH =

IDK
(1)
Xt bn trng hp sau:
a) H thuc BE; K thuc CD.
T (1) suy ra

A+

C
2
=

A+

B
2
. Do

C =

B.
b) H thuc AE; K thuc AD.
Chng minh tng t phn a) ta c

B =

C.
c) H thuc BE; K thuc AD.
4
BI TP NNG CAO HNH HC 7
T (1) ta c

A+

C
2
=

C+

B
2


A =

B
2
+

C
2
2

A =

B+

C 3

A =

A+

B+

C = 180

A = 60

B+

C = 120

.
d) H thuc AE; K thuc CD. Chng minh tng t phn c), ta c

B+

C = 120

.
Cch 2. Khng mt tnh tng qut, gi s AD AE, xt hai trng hp:
a) AD =AE.
A
A
E
E
D
D
I I
F
B
B
C C
1
1
1
1
2 2
1
ADI = AEI(c.c.c)

ADI =

AEI.
ADB v AEC c

A chung,

ADI =

AEI nn

B
1
=

C
1
. Do

B =

C.
b) AD >AE. Ly F trn AD sao cho AF = AE.
AFI =AEI(c.g.c) IF =IE,

F
1
=

E
1
.
Do IE = ID nn IF = ID, do

F
1
=

D
1
. Suy
ra

D
1
=

E
1
, tc l

A+

B
2
=

B+

C
2
.
Bin i nh cch 1, ta c

B+

C = 120

.
Bi 5.7. Tam gic ABC c

A = 90

, B v C l cc gc nhn, cc ng trung trc ca AB v AC ct

nhau ti O v ct BC th t ti E v F. Chng minh rng AO l tia phn gic ca

EAF.
Li gii. Ta xt hai trng hp:
A
O
B F
E C
Trng hp 1:

A <90

.
Ta c EA =EB nn EO l tia phn gic ca

AEB.
Chng minh tng t FO l tia phn gic ca

AFE.
V EO v FO l cc tia phn gic trong ti nh E v nh F ca
tam gic AEF nn AO l tia phn gic ca

EAF.
Trng hp 2:

A >90

.
V O l giao im ca cc ng trung trc AB v AC nn OA = OB =OC.
im E nm trn ng trung trc ca AB nn EA = EB.
im F nm trn ng trung trc ca AC nn FA =FB.
AOE =BOM(c.c.c)

A
1
=

B
1
.
E B F C
O
A
1
1
1
2
Tng t AOF = COF(c.c.c)

A
1
=

C
1
.
Mt khc

B
1
=

C
1
(v BOC cn ti O).
Suy ra

A
1
=

A
2
suy ra AO l tia phn gic ca

EAF.
Ch .
T bi ton trn ta thy nu

B >90

khi AO l tia phn gic

ngoi ti nh A. Tht vy, xt AEF, EO l tia phn gic trong
ca

E, FO l tia phn gic ngoi ti nh F. Khi AO l tia
phn gic ngoi ti nh A (hnh v bn).
Bi 5.8. Tam gic ABC c

B = 60

C = 30

. Ly im D trn cnh AC, im E trn cnh AB sao

cho

ABD = 20

,

ACE = 10

. Gi K l giao im ca BD v CE. Tnh cc gc ca tam gic KDE.

Li gii. Gi I l giao im ca cc tia phn gic

KBC v

KCB. Khi KI l tia phn gic ca

BKC.
Mt khc, tam gic KBC c

BKC = 120

(v

KBC = 40

,

KCB = 20

), do

BKI =

CKI =

BKE =

CKD = 60

(d dng tnh c iu ny).

5
BI TP NNG CAO HNH HC 7
+ Xt BKI v BKE c
_

B
2
=

B
3
(gi thit)
BK (chung)

BKI =

BKE = 60

Suy ra BKI = BKE(g.c.g) KE = KI (1)

+ Chng minh tng t KD =KI (2)
T (1), (2) suy ra KE =KD hay KED cn ti K.
Mt khc,

EKD = 120

=

BKC (i nh).
Do

KED =

KDE =
180

120

2
= 30

.
Bi 5.9. Cho tam gic ABC
_

A = 90

B,

C <90

_
, k AH vung gc vi BC v cc im D v E
sao cho AB l ng trung trc ca HD, AC l ng trung trc ca HE. Gi I, K th t l giao im
ca DE vi AB v AC. Tnh

AIC,

AKB.
Hng dn. Ta xt hai trng hp:
a) Nu

A <90

.
b) Nu

A >90

.
Ch . 1) bi tp ny ta s dng hai kt qu sau:
+ Hai tia phn gic ca hai gc i nh l hai tia i nhau ( kt qu ny ta cn dng n bi ton
sau: Nu Ox, Oy thuc hai na mt phng i nhau b cha tia Oz sao cho

zOx +

zOy = 180

th Ox
v Oy i nhau).
+ Gc to bi hai tia phn gic ca hai gc k b l mt gc vung.
2) + Trong trng hp

B > 90

, tam gic HIK c IB v KB l cc tia phn gic trong, IC, KC l cc

tia phn gic ngoi.
+ Trong trng hp

C >90

, tam gic HIK c IB v KB l cc tia phn gic ngoi, IC, KC l cc tia

phn gic trong. Cc trng hp ny ta vn c

AIC =

AKB = 90

.
Bi 5.10. Cho tam gic ABC c

B = 75

C = 45

. Trn cnh BC ly im D sao cho

BAD = 45

.
ng vung gc vi DC ti C ct tia phn gic ca

ADC ti E. Tnh

CBE.
Bi 6. Cho tam gic ABC cn c

B =

C = 50

. Gi K l im trong ca tam gic sao cho

KBC =
10

,

KCB = 30

. Chng minh rng tam gic ABK cn v tnh

BAK.
Hng dn.
Cch 1. V tam gic u EBC sao cho E v A cng thuc mt na mt phng b BC.
Cch 2. V tam gic u ACE sao cho E v A khc pha i vi BC.
Cch 3. V tia phn gic ca

ABK.
Bi 7. Cho tam gic ABC cn c

A = 20

. Trn cnh AB ly im D sao cho AD =BC. Tnh

ACD.
Hng dn.
Cch 1. V tam gic u BCE sao cho A v E cng pha i vi BC.
Cch 2. V tam gic u ADE sao cho C v E nm trn hai na mt phng i nhau b AB.
Cch 3. V tam gic u ACE sao cho D v E khc pha i vi AC.
Cch 4. V tam gic u ABE sao cho C v E cng pha i vi AB.
Bi 8. Cho tam gic ABC vung cn ti A, im E nm trong tam gic, tam gic EAC cn E v
gc y bng 15

. Tnh

AEB.
Hng dn.
Cch 1. V v pha trong tam gic ABC sao cho tam gic AED u.
Cch 2. V pha trong tam gic ABC ly im D sao cho tam gic ABD cn D v c gc y bng
6
BI TP NNG CAO HNH HC 7
15

.
Cch 3. V tam gic u ACD sao cho E v D khc pha i vi AC.
Cch 4. V tam gic CDE u sao cho E v D khc pha i vi BC.
Bi 9. Cho tam gic ABC vung cn vi y BC. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca AB v AC. K
NH vung gc vi CM ti H. K HE vung gc vi AB ti E. Chng minh rng tam gic ABH cn v
HM l tia phn gic ca

BHE.
Bi 10. Cho tam gic ABC vung cn ti A. Gi M l trung im ca BC, G l im thuc cnh AB
sao cho AG =
1
3
AB, E l chn ng vung gc h t M xung CG. Cc ng thng MG v AC ct
nhau ti D. So snh di DE v BC.
Bi 11. Cho tam gic ABC cn ti A vi

BAC = 80

. Ly im M nm trong tam gic sao cho

MAC = 20

MCA = 30

. Tnh

MBC.
Hng dn. Trn ng cao AH ly im P sao cho AP =AB =AC.
Bi 12. Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A v

ABC = 60

. Ly im M thuc cnh BC sao cho AB+

BM =AC+CM. Tnh

CAM.
Bi 13. Cho tam gic ABC c

BAC = 55

,

ABC = 115

. Trn tia phn gic ca

ACB ly im M sao
cho

MAC = 25

. Tnh BMC.
Bi 14. Cho tam gic ABC cn ti A. Gi E l im tu nm gia B v C. ng thng qua E
vung gc vi AB v ng thng qua C vung gc vi AC ct nhau ti D. Gi K l trung im ca
BE. Tnh ln ca

AKD.
Bi 15. Cho tam gic ABC cn ti A. Trn ng thng AC ly im M tu . ng thng vung
gc vi BC qua M ct ng thng BC ti H. Gi I l trung im ca BM. Tnh

HAI.
Bi 16. Cho tam gic ABC cn ti A vi

BAC <90

v cc ng cao BD, AH. Trn tia BD ly im

K sao cho BK = BA. Tnh

HAK.
Ch . Nu

BAC >90

ta c kt qu

HAK = 135

.
Bi 17. Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A vi

ACB = 15

. t BC = a, AC = b, AB = c. Chng minh
rng a
2
= 4bc.
Hng dn.
Cch 1. + Trn cnh AC ly im D sao cho

CBD = 15

.
+ S dng nh l Py-ta-go vo cc tam gic ABD v tam gic ABC ta c pcm.
Cch 2. K ng cao AH v gi M l trung im BC lm.
Bi 18. Cho tam gic ABC cn ti A c

BAC 90

. Ly im M nm gia A v C, h AH v CK
cng vung gc vi BM (H, K thuc BM) sao cho BH = HK+KC. Tnh

BAC.
Bi 19. Cho tam gic ABC cn ti C c

ACB = 100

. im M thuc tia CA sao cho CM =AB. Tnh

CMB.
Bi 20. Trong hnh vung ABCD ly hai im P, Q sao cho BP song song vi DQ vi BP
2
+DQ
2
=
PQ
2
. Tnh

PAQ.
Bi 21. Cho tam gic ABC c AB = AC v

BAC = 80

. Ly im I trong tam gic sao cho

IAC = 10

ICA = 20

. Tnh

CBI.
Bi 22. Cho tam gic ABC c

BAC = 45

, AM l trung tuyn, AD l phn gic trong ca tam gic

MAC, k DK vung gc vi AB (K AB). Gi giao im ca AM v DK l I. Chng minh rng nu
AM l tia phn gic ca

BAD th BI l tia phn gic ca

ABD.
Bi 23. Cho tam gic ABC cn ti A. Trn ng trung tuyn BD ly im E sao cho

DAE =

ABD.
Chng minh rng

DAE =

ECB.
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BI TP NNG CAO HNH HC 7
Bi 24. Cho tam gic ABC cn ti A. Ly imM nm trong tam gic sao cho

MAC =

MBA =

MCB.
Hy so snh din tch hai tam gic ABM v CBM.
Bi 25. Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A c

B = 75

. Trn tia i ca tia AB ly im H sao cho

BH = 2AC. Tnh

BHC.
Hng dn.
Cch 1. V tam gic u BCD sao cho A v D cng pha i vi BC, ly E l trung im ca BH.
Cch 2. V tam gic u HBD sao cho D v B thuc hai na mt phng i nhau b HC, sau gi
M l trung im BD v chng minh cho C, M, H thng hng t suy ra pcm.
Cch 3. Trn cng mt na mt phng b BC c cha im A v tia Cy sao cho

BCy = 75

. Gi H

l
giao im ca tia Cy v BA, sau tm cch chng minh H H

.
Cch 4. Gi D l giao im ca ng trung trc ca BC vi AB, khi tam gic DBC cn ti D, cui
cng tm cch chng minh D H.
Bi 26. Cho tam gic ABC cn ti A c

BAC = 20

. Trn na mt phng b AC khng cha B v cc

tia Ax,Cy sao cho

CAx = 20

CAy = 130

. Gi D l giao im ca hai tia Ax v Cy. Tnh

ABD.
Hng dn. Trn cng mt na mt phng b AD c cha B v tam gic u ADE.
Bi 27. Cho tam gic ABC cn ti A c

BAC = 40

, ng cao AH. Cc im E, F th t thuc cc

on thng AH, AC sao cho

EBA =

FBC = 30

. Chng minh rng AE = AF.

Bi 28. Cho tam gic ABC cn c

B =

C = 50

. Trn cnh BC ly im D sao cho

CAD= 30

. Trn
cnh AC ly im E sao cho

ABE = 30

. Gi I l giao im ca AD v BE. Chng minh rng tam

gic IDE cn v tnh cc gc ca tam gic .
Hng dn. Trn na mt phng b BC v tam gic ABH u sao cho A v H thuc hai na mt
phng b BC.
Bi 29. Cho tam gic ABC cn ti A c

A = 40

. Trn na mt b BC khng cha im A, v tia Bx

sao cho

CBx = 10

. Trn tia Bx ly im D sao cho BD = BA. Tnh

BDC.
Hng dn
Cch 1. V tam gic ABE u sao cho E v C cng pha i vi AB.
Cch 2. V tam gic ACM u sao cho B v M cng pha i vi AC.
Cch 3. V tam gic BCE u sao cho E v A cng pha i vi BC.
Bi 30. im M nm trong tam gic u ABC sao cho MA : MB : MC = 3 : 4 : 5. Tnh

AMB.
Hng dn. t MA = 3a, MB = 4a, MC = 5a, sau ta c th chn mt trong hai cch sau:
Cch 1. V tam gic MBK u sao cho K v C khc pha i vi BM.
Cch 2. V tam gic AME u sao cho E v C khc pha i vi AM.
Bi 31. im M nm bn trong tam gic vung cn ti B sao cho MA : MB : MC = 1 : 2 : 3. Tnh

AMB.
S DNG MT TNH CHT
CA TAM GIC CN GII TON
Tnh cht. Trong tam gic cn ABC(AB =AC) th

ABC =

ACB =
180

BAC
2
_
=

B+

C
2
_
.
Sau y l mt s v d minh ha.
V d 1. Cho tam gic nhn ABC. Gi O l giao im cc ng trung trc ca ba cnh BC,CA, AB.
K AH vung gc vi BC ti H. Chng minh rng

BAH =

OAC.
8
BI TP NNG CAO HNH HC 7
Li gii
A
B H C
O
Gi O l giao im cc ng trung trc ca tam gic
A
E
K
D
I
B C
1
2
3
ABC nn OA =OB = OC.
Tam gic OBC cn ti O nn

OBC =
180

BOC
2
.
Tam gic OAC cn ti O nn

OAC =
180

AOC
2
.
Tam gic ABC nhn nn O nm trong tam gic , suy
ra

BAH = 90

ABC = 90

OBC+

OBA
_
= 90

_
180

BOC
2
+
180

AOB
2
_
= 90

AOC
2
=
180

AOC
2
=

OAC
_
=

OCA
_
.
V d 2. Cho tam gic nhn ABC vi cc ng cao BE,CF. Chng minh rng

BEF =

BCF.
Li gii
A
B C
F
E
M
Trn cnh BC ly im M sao cho

MFB =

MBF.
Li c

MFB+

MFC = 90

MBF +

MCF = 90

nn

MFC =

MCF,
suy ra MC =MF =MB.
Tng t ME =MB =MC.
9
BI TP NNG CAO HNH HC 7
Do cc tam gic MBF, MEF v MCE cn ti M nn

MBF =
180

BMF
2
;

MEF =
180

EMF
2
;

MEC =
180

CME
2
.
Vy

CBF +

CEF =

MBF +

MEC+

MEF
=
180

BMF
2
+
180

CME
2
+
180

EMF
2
= 90

.
nn

BEF =

BCF.
V d 3. Cho tam gic nhn ABC. Trn na mt phng b AC khng cha B ly im D sao cho

ADB =

ACB. Chng minh rng

BAC =

BDC.
Li gii. Gi O l giao im cc ng trung trc ca tam gic ABC th O nm trong tam gic ABC v
OA=OB =OC. Do cc tam gic OBC, OAC cn ti Onn

OCB=
180

BOC
2
;

OCA=
180

AOC
2
.
Suy ra

ACB =

OCA+

OCB =
180

AOC
2
+
180

BOC
2
=

AOB
2


ADB =

AOB
2
(1)
A
D H
O
B C
Trn tia OD ly im H sao cho OH = OA. Khi

AHB =

AHO

BHO =
180

AOH
2

180

BOH
2
=

AOB
2
(2)
T (1) v (2) suy ra

ADB =

AHB nn H D. T OD = OA = OB = OC.
Tng t ta c

BAC =

BOC
2
;

BDC =

BOC
2


BAC =

BDC.
V d 4. Cho tam gic ABC nhn ni tip ng trn tm O. Tia phn gic ca gc

BAC ct BC ti
D, ct ng trn ti E khc A. Chng minh rng BE l tip tuyn ca ng trn ngoi tip tam gic
ADB.
Li gii
10
BI TP NNG CAO HNH HC 7
A
K
O
B
D
C
E
Gi K l tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ADB. Trong tam gic KBD cn ti K ta c

KBD =
180

BKD
2
=
180

BAD
2

KBD = 90

BAD.
Li c

EAB =

EAC EB

= EC

EAB =

EBC

KBE =

KBD+

EBC = 90

BAD+

BAD = 90

hay BEKB,
suy ra BE l tip tuyn ca ng trn ngoi tip ca tam gic ADB.
V d 5. Cho na ng trn tmO ng knh AB. Trn na mt phng cha na ng trn b AB
k cc tip tuyn Ax, By.C l im nm gia A v O.M l im nm trn na ng trn (M khc A
v B). ng thng qua M vung gc vi MC ct Ax ti P, ng thng qua C vung gc vi CP ct
By ti Q. Gi D l giao im ca CP v MA, E l giao im ca CQ v MB. Chng minh rng ng
trn ngoi tip tam gic MDP v ng trn ngoi tip tam gic MEQ tip xc vi nhau.
Li gii
x
y
P
I
D
M
K
E
A C O B
Gi I, K ln lt l tm ng trn ngoi tip cc tam gic MDP v MEQ.
Tam gic MKE cn ti K nn

KME =
180

MKE
2
=
180

MQE
2
= 90

MQE.
11
BI TP NNG CAO HNH HC 7
Tam gic MID cn ti I nn

IMD =
180

MID
2
=
180

MPD
2
= 90

MPD.
T gic MPAC ni tip nn

MCD =

MAP, m

MBC =

MAP (cng chn cung

MA) suy ra

MCD =

MBC

MCQ =

MBQ.
Do t gic MCBQ ni tip, dn n

MQE =

MBC. T

IMD+

DME +

KME = 90

MPD+90

+90

MQE
=270

MAC+

MBC
_
= 180

IMK = 180

.
Do ba im I, M, K thng hng.
Vy ng trn tm I v ng trn tm K tip xc nhau ti M.
Bi tp
Bi 1. Cho tam gic ABC cn ti A. Cc tia phn gic ca

ABC v

ACB ct AC, AB theo th t ti
F, E. Chng minh rng EF//BC.
Bi 2. Cho tam gic ABC. Trn na mt phng b BC khng cha A ly im D sao cho

BFC+

BAC = 180

. Chng minh rng

BCA =

BDA.
Bi 3. Cho gc

xOy nhn. V tia Oz nm trong gc

xOy sao cho

xOz =

yOz
2
. Qua A trn tia Ox k
AH vung gc vi Ox ti H.AH ct Oz ti B. Trn tia Bz ly im D sao cho BD = BA. Chng minh
rng tam gic AOD cn.
Bi 4. Cho tam gic u ABC. Trn cnh AB, BC th t ly cc imE, F sao cho AE =
1
2
EB, BF =
1
2
FC. AF ct CE ti I.BI ct EF ti H. Chng minh rng CH vung gc vi AB.
Bi 5. Cho hnh thang ABCD(AB//CD) c hai ng cho AC v BD ct nhau ti O. Chng minh
rng cc ng trn ngoi tip cc tam gic OAB v OCD tip xc nhau.
BI TON TNH GC TNG QUT
Bi ton 1.
Cho ABC c

BAC =

ABC = (30

< < 60

). M l im trong tam gic sao cho

MAB =
30

MBA = 60

. Tnh s o

CMB.
Li gii (h.1a)
D
A
M
C
B
A
B
M
C
D
a) b)
12
BI TP NNG CAO HNH HC 7
V cng pha vi ABC v ABD u. Khi

CDB = 30

MAB,

CBD = 60

MAB
nn ta c BAM =BDC (g.c.g) suy ra BC = BM, m

CBM = 2 60

nn suy ra

CMB = (180

2 +60

) : 2 = 120

Hy gii bi ton cho trong trng hp = 50

Bi ton 2.
Cho ABC c

ABC =

ACB = > 60

. M l im nm khc pha A so vi BC sao cho

BCM =
150

CBM = 60

. Tnh s o

AMC.
Li gii (h.1b)
V pha trong ABC, v BCD u. Khi ta c

ADB = 150

BCM,

ABD = 60

MBC
nn BDA =BCM (g.c.g) BA =BM, m

ABM = + ( 60

) = 2 60

nn suy ra

AMB = [180

(2 60

)] : 2 = 120

(1)
Mt khc

BMC = 180

MBC

MCB = 180

( 60

) 120

= 90

(2)
T (1), (2) c

AMC = (120

) (90

) = 30

Ch :
Vi mi gi tr ca gc > 60

th gi tr ca

AMC lun khng i v bng 30

, mt khc hai bi
ton trn c quan h vi nhau.
Bi ton 3.
Cho ABC c

BAC = (30

< <60

),

ABC = 60

+. Trn tia phn gic ca

ACB ly im M
sao cho

BAM = 30

. Tnh s o ca

BMC.
13
BI TP NNG CAO HNH HC 7
Li gii (h.2a)
A E C
B
D
M
A
B
C F
D
E
a)
b)
Ko di CM ct AB D. Khi ta c

BDC =

BAC+

ACB
2
= +
180

60

2
= 60

DAM = 30

nn DAM cn ti D.
V DE vung gc vi AM (E AC), suy ra

ADE =

EDM =

MDB = 60

Do ta c CDB =CDE (g.c.g) DB =DE.

T d thy ba tam gic ADE, MDE, MDB bng nhau theo trng hp (c.g.c).
V vy

BMD =

BAC =, hay

BMC = 180

.
Vi = 40

hy gii bi ton: Cho ABC cn ti B, c

ABC = 100

. Trong tam gic ly im M

sao cho

MAC = 10

MCA = 20

. Tnh s o

BMC.
Bi ton 4.
Cho ABC c

ABC = ,

ACB = 60

+ ( <60

). Trn cc cnh AB v BC ln lt ly cc im
D v E sao cho

ACD = 30

+,

CAE = 90

3
2
. Tnh s o ca

CDE.
Li gii (h.2b)
D thy

BAC = 120

2. Do

ADC = 180

BAC

ACD
= 180

(120

2) (30

+)
= 30

+ =

ACD
Vy ACD cn ti A. V AF vung gc vi CD (F BC). Khi ta c

AFC =

AFD = 180

FCA

FAC = 180

(60

+) (60

) = 60

.
Do

DFE = 60

. Suy ra FE l phn gic ngoi ca AFD (1)

Mt khc c

EAB =

BAC

CAE = 120

2
_
90

3
2
_
= 30

2
=

FAB
2
nn AE l phn gic ca

FAD (2)
T (1), (2) suy ra DE l phn gic ca

FDB (3)
14
BI TP NNG CAO HNH HC 7
V

ADF =

ACF = 60

+ nn

FDB = 120

, do

BDE = 60

2
.
Vy

CDE = 180

ADC

BDE = 180

(30

+)
_
60

2
_
= 90

2
.
Vi = 20

ta c bi ton quen thuc sau:

Cho ABC cn ti B, c

ABC = 20

. Trn cc cnh BA v BC ln lt ly cc im D v E sao cho

ACD = 50

,

CAE = 60

. Tnh s o ca

AED.
Bi ton 5.
Cho ABC cn ti A c

BAC = , (60

< < 120

). Trong tam gic ly im M sao cho

MCB =
120

MBC = 90

2
. Tnh s o ca

MAB.
Li gii (h.3)
A
B
C
M
P
N
Trong ABC ta ly cc im N v P sao cho cc tam gic ANB v APC tng ng cn ti N v P, v
c cc gc y bng

2
30

. Ta s chng minh P M.
Tht vy, v

ABC =

ACB = 90

2
, nn

BCP =

ACB

ACP = 90

2

_

2
30

_
= 120

MCB
do tia CM trng vi tia CP (1)
Mt khc

NAP =

BAC

NAB

PAC =
_

2
30

2
30

_
= 60

v c AN =AP, nn ANP u.Suy ra

AP =AN =NP = BN =CP.
D thy MN v BC c chung trc i xng l tia phn gic ca

BAC nn NM//BC, suy ra

NPB =

PBC =

NBP
m

NBC =

ABC

ABN = 90

2

_

2
30

_
= 120

V vy

PBC =

NBC
2
= 60

2
=

MBC.
do tia BP trng vi tia BM (2)
T (1), (2) suy ra P M.
Vy

MAB =

PAB = 60

+
_

2
30

_
= 30

+

2
.
TNH S O GC
15
BI TP NNG CAO HNH HC 7
1. Tnh s o gc thng qua vic pht hin ra tam gic vung c cnh gc vung bng na cnh
huyn.
Bi ton 1. Tnh cc gc ca ABC. Bit rng ng cao AH v trung tuyn AM chia

ABC thnh ba
gc bng nhau.
Li gii (h.4a)
A
B H M C
K
1
2
3
A
B
C
H
E
F
N
1
2
3
K
b)
a)
V MKAC. ABM cn ti nh A (ng cao AH ng thi l ng phn gic) nn H l trung
im ca BM.
HM =
1
2
BM =
1
4
BC
T AHM =AKM suy ra HM =MK.
Vy MK =
1
4
BC, hay MK =
1
2
MC.
Ta c MKC l tam gic vung c cnh gc vung bng na cnh huyn nn

C = 30

.
T tnh c

A = 90

,

B = 60

.
ABC cho c ba gc

A = 90

,

B = 60

,

C = 30

.
Bi ton 2. Cho ABC c ba gc nhn. V pha ngoi ca ABC ta v cc tam gic u ABE v
ACF. Gi H l trc tm ca ABE, N l trung im ca BC. Tnh s o

FNH.
Li gii (h.4b)
Trn tia i ca tia NH ta ly im K sao cho NH =NK th
NBH =NCK (c.g.c) CK =BH =HA
Ch rng

FAH = 60

+30

A <180

C
3
=

HBN =

B+30

.
16
BI TP NNG CAO HNH HC 7
Suy ra

FCK = 360

C
3
+

C
2
+

C
1
_
= 360

_
90

B+

C
2
_
= 90

A =

FAH;
AF =CF
Do AHF = CKF (c.g.c) FH =FK nn FHK cn ti nh F.
Mt khc, do hai tam gic AHF v CKF bng nhau nn

AFH =

CFK, m

AFC = 60

nn

HFK =
60

.
Vy FHK u. Suy ra

HNF = 90

NHF = 60

NFH = 30

.
2. Tnh s o gc thng qua vic pht hin ra tam gic vung cn
Bi ton 3. Cho ABC c

ABC = 45

,

ACB = 120

. Trn tia i ca tia CB ly im D sao cho

CD = 2CB. Tnh s o

ADB.
Li gii (h.5a)
A
A
B
B
C
C
H
D
D
K
2
2
2 2
1
1
1
1
1
a)
b)
H
1

C
1
v

C
2
l hai gc k b, m

C
1
= 120

nn

C
2
= 60

.
V DHAC ta c HCD c

CDH = 30

nn CH =
1
2
CD; m BC =
1
2
CD nn CBH cn ti nh
C.
Suy ra

B
2
= 30

. Vy HBD cn ti nh H.
Ta c

B
1
= 15

v

A
1
= 15

nn HBA cn ti nh H. Vy HAD vung cn H.

T ta tnh c

ADB = 45

+30

= 75

.
Bi ton 4. Cho ABC c

BAC t, ng cao AH, ng phn gic BD tha mn

AHD = 45

. Tnh
s o

ADB.
Li gii (h.5b). V BKAC. Xt ABH c BD l ng phn gic trong; HD l ng phn gic gc
ngoi ti nh H nn AD l ng phn gic ngoi ti nh A, suy ra

A
1
=

A
2
.
M

A
1
=

KBH (gc c cnh tng ng vung gc) nn

A
1
=

KBD+

B
1
(1)
Mt khc

A
2
=

D
1
+

B
2
(2)
V

A
1
=

A
2
,

B
1
=

B
2
nn t (1), (2) suy ra

KBD =

D
1
.
Do KBD vung cn ti nh K, suy ra

KBD =

ADB = 45

.
3. Tnh s o gc thng qua vic pht hin ra tam gic u
Bi ton 5. Cho ABC vung A v

BAC = 75

. Trn tia i ca tia AB ly im H sao cho

BH = 2AC. Tnh s o

BHC.
Li gii (h.6a)
17
BI TP NNG CAO HNH HC 7
H
E
K
A
B C
a)
A
B
C
K
E
b)
Trn na mt phng b BC cha nh A v EBC th E min trong HBC.
Gi K l trung im ca BH. Ta c
_

KBE = 75

60

= 15

=

ACB
KB = AC
EB =BC
Suy ra ABC =KEB (c.g.c) nn

EKB =

BAC = 90

.
V K l trung im ca BH nn EHB cn ti E.
V

EHB =

EBH = 15

nn

BEH = 150

.
Ta c EHC =EHB (c.g.c) v
_

_
EH chung

BEH =

CEH = 150

EB = EC
Suy ra

BHE =

CHE = 15

hay

BHC = 30

.
Bi ton 6. Cho ABC vung cn nh. im E nm trong tam gic sao cho

EAC =

ECA = 15

.
Tnh s o

AEB.
Li gii (h.6b)
Trong ABC ly im K sao cho

KBA =

KAB = 15

th
KAB =EAC (c.g.c) AK =AE
Li c

KAE = 90

2 15

= 60

.
Vy KAE u. Suy ra

KAB = 150

EKB.
Ta c BAK =BEK (c.g.c) nn

BEK =

BAK = 15

. Vy

BEA = 75

.
4. Tnh s o gc thng qua vic pht hin ra tam gic cn c mt gc bit s o
Bi ton 7. Cho ABC c

BAC = 50

,

ABC = 20

. Trn ng phn gic BE ca tam gic ta ly

im F sao cho

FAB = 20

. Gi N l trung im AF, EN ct AB ti K. Tnh s o

KCB.
Li gii (h.7a)
18
BI TP NNG CAO HNH HC 7
2
C
A
K B
F M
E
N
3
1
1
2
1
2
A
B
C
H
N
K
J
O
a)
b)
Gi s CK ct BE ti M. Ta c

F
2
=

A
1
+

B
1
= 30

(gc ngoi ca FAB).

T

A
2
= 30

F
2
=

A
2
. Suy ra EAF cn ti nh E nn

AEF = 120

.
Trung tuyn EN l ng phn gic ca EAF nn

E
1
=

E
2
= 60

t

E
3
= 60

Ta c BEK =BEC (g.c.g) v

_

_
EB chung

E
3
=

E
2
= 60

B
1
=

B
2
= 10

BCK cn ti nh B m

CBK = 20

. Vy

CKB = 80

.
Bi ton 8. Cho ABC vi

ABC =

ACB = 50

, N l im thuc min trong ca tam gic tha mn

NBC = 10

,

NCB = 20

. Tnh s o

ANB.
Li gii (h.7b). ng cao AH ca ABC ct BN ti O; v AKBN v AK ct CN ti J.

OBH =

HAK = 10

(gc c cnh tng ng vung gc).

HAC = 40

KAC = 30

, m

NCA = 30

nn JAC cn ti nh J, suy ra JA =JC (1)

OBC cn ti O v OH l ng trung trc, do

OCB =

OBC = 10

suy ra

OCA =

OAC = 40

.
Vy OAC cn ti nh O nn OA =OC (2)
T (1), (2) suy ra OJ l ng trung trc ca AC v cng l phn gic ca

AOC nn

AOJ =

JOC = 50

(3)
V

NOC l gc ngoi ca OBC nn

NOC = 20

. T v (3) c

NOJ = 30

Do

AON = 80

, m

BNJ l gc ngoi ca NBC nn

BNJ = 30

.
Vy NOJ cn ti nh J, m JK l ng cao nn JK l ng trung trc ca ON, hay AK l trung
trc ca ON.
Do AON cn nh A v

ANB =

AON = 80

.
Bi tp
1. Cho ABC nhn, min ngoi ca tam gic ta v cc tam gic u ABC

v ACB

. Gi K v L theo
th t l trung im ca C

A v B

C. im M thuc cnh BC sao cho BM = 3MC. Tnh s o cc gc

ca KLM.
2. Cho ABD v CBD, hai im A v C thuc hai na mt phng i nhau b BD. Bit

BAC =
50

,

ABD = 60

,

CBD = 20

,

CDB = 30

. Tnh s o cc gc

DAC v

ADB.
3. Cho ABC cn nh A,

BAC = 20

. Ly cc im M, N theo th t trn cc cnh AB, AC sao

cho

BCM = 50

,

CBN = 60

. Tnh s o gc

MNA.
19