Chuyn Hirocacbon

BI TP T LUN
A.BI TP T LUN C LI GII
I. BI TP L THUYT
1. ANKAN XICLOANKAN Bi 1: Xicloankan l g? Th no l monoxicloankan? Th no l polixicloankan ? Cng thc chung ca monoxicloankan l g ? Gii: Xicloankan l hirocacbon no mch vng. Xicloankan c mt vng (vng n) gi l monoxicloankan. V d:

Xicloankan c nhiu vng (a vng) gi l polixicloankan. V d: nobonan l mt bixicloankan.

bixiclo[2.2.1]heptan

Monoxicloankan c cng thc chung l CnH2n (n 3). Lu : Trong chng trnh ha hc ph thng, xicloankan c hiu l monoxicloankan. Bi 2: Vit cng thc phn t v c tn theo IUPAC cho cc xicloankan sau:

(a)
(c)

(b)
(d)

(e)

(f)

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Gii: Qui tc c tn: Xiclo + tn mch chnh + an (a) Xiclopropan (b) Xiclobutan (c) Xiclopentan (d) Xiclohexan (e) Xicloheptan (f) Xiclooctan Bi 3: c tn theo IUPAC cho cc xicloankan sau:
(a) (b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

Gii: Qui tc c tn: s ch v tr + tn nhnh + xiclo + tn mch chnh + an (a) Metylxiclopropan (b) 1,2-imetylxiclobutan (c) 1,1-imetylxiclopentan (d) 1,2,4-trimetylxiclohexan (e) 1-isopropyl-2-metyl-xicloheptan (f) 1-sec-butyl-2-etylxiclooctan (g) Etenylxiclohexan (h) 1-etenyl-3-metylxiclopentan Bi 4: Cho bit cng thc chung ca hirocacbon c hai vng no, phn loi. Cho bit nguyn tc c tn ca cc loi ny. Gii:

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Cng thc chung ca hirocacbon hai vng no l CnH2n-2 n 4. N c 3 loi, l: V d: Hai vng ri Ly vng ln lm mch chnh, cn vng nh lm nhm th.

xiclopentylxiclohexan

Hai vng c chung mt nguyn t mt vng, kiu spiro.

Mch cacbon c nh s ht vng nh n vng ln, bt u t mt nguyn t k nguyn t chung. Tn ca hiro kiu spiro gm cc b phn hp thnh theo trnh t sau y: spiro + [cc s nguyn t cacbon ring (t s ln n s nh)] + tn hirocacbon mch h tng ng. V d:
2 3 4 10 9 1 6 5 6 8

spiro[4.5]decan

Hai vng c chung cu ni, kiu bixiclo

Mch cacbon c nh s bt u t mt nguyn t chung ( mt nh), n cc nguyn t ca cu ni di nht, tip n cc cu ni ngn hn. Tn ca hirocacbon kiu gm cc b phn hp thnh theo th t sau: bixiclo + [s nguyn t C cc cu ni (ghi t s ln n s nh)] + tn ca hirocacbon mch h tng ng. V d:
9 8 7 6 4 5 1 2 3

bixiclo[4.3.0]nonan

Bi 5: Hy gi tn cho cc hp cht sau.

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(a) (b)

(c)

(d)

Gii: (a) Xiclopropylxiclopentan (b) Xiclobutylxiclobutan (c) 1-xiclopentyl-4-metylxiclohexan (d) (3-metylxiclopentyl)xiclohexan Bi 6: Hy gi tn cc cht sau:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)
Gii: (a) bixiclo[1.1.1]pentan (b) bixiclo[2.1.1]hexan (c) bixiclo[2.2.1]heptan (d) bixiclo[2.2.2]octan (e) bixiclo[3.1.1]heptan (f) bixiclo[4.1.1]octan Bi 7: Gi tn cc hp cht sau:

(f)

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(a) (b)

(c)
(e)
Gii: (a) spiro[2.2]pentan (b) spiro[2.3]hexan (c) spiro[2.4]heptan (d) spiro[3.4]octan (e) spiro[4.5]ecan (f) spiro[2.5]octan

(d)
(f)

Bi 8: Cho bit cng thc cu to ca cc cht c tn sau: (a) spiro[2,3]hexan (c) spiro[3.4]octan (e) spiro[4.5]decan Gii: (a) (b)
2 3 1 6 5 4

(b) 1-metylspiro[2.3]hexan (d) 5-etylspiro[3.4]octan (f) 8-ipropylspiro[4.5]decan

spiro[2.3]hexan

1-metylspiro[2.3]hexane

(c)

(d)

spiro[3.4]octan

5-etylspiro[3.4]octan

(e)

(f)

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7 8 6 5 3 9 10 4 1 2

spiro[4.5]decan

8-ipropylspiro[4.5]decan

Bi 9: V cng thc cu to ca cc hirocacbon hai vng no sau: (a) Bixiclo[2.2.1]heptan (b) Bixiclo[5.2.0]nonan (c) Bixiclo[3.1.1]heptan (d) Bixiclo[3.3.0]octan Gii:

(a) bixiclo[2.2.1]heptan

(b)

bixiclo[5.2.0]nonan

(c) bixiclo[3.1.1]heptan

(d) bixiclo[3,3,0]octan

Bi 10: Cho bit cng thc cu to ca cc cht c cng thc sau: (a) bixiclobutan (b) 2-metylbixiclobutan (c) bixiclo[3.2.1]octan (d) 8-metylbixiclo[3.2.1]octan Gii: (a) Bixiclobutan (b) 2-metylbixiclobutan
1 2 3 4

bixiclo[1.1.0]butan

2-metylbixiclo[1.1.0]butan

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(c) bixiclo[3.2.1]octan (d) 8-metylbixiclo[3.2.1]octan
1 8 7 3 6 5 4 2

bixiclo[3.2.1]octan

8-metylbixiclo[3.2.1]octan

Bi 11: c tn cc cht sau:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Gii: Ch : Hai nhm th cng pha l ng phn cis, cn khc pha l ng phn trans. (a) cis-1,2-imetylxiclohexan (b) cis-2,3-imetylxiclohexan (c) trans-1,4-imetylxiclohexan (d) trans-1-etyl-3-metylxiclohexan Bi 12: Xicloankan no c ng phn cis trans ? Nu c v c hai ng phn . (a) 1,3-dimetylxiclopantan (b) Etylxiclopentan (c) 1-etyl-2-metylxiclobutan

Gii: (a) 1,3-dimetylxiclopantan. C ng phn cis trans

CH3 CH3 H3C CH3 CH3 CH3 trans-1,3-dimetylxyclopentan H3C CH3

cis-1,3-dimetylxiclopentan

(b) Etylxiclopentan. Khng c ng phn cis-trans.

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C2H5 C2H5

Hai cht trn l mt. (c) 1-etyl-2-metylxiclobutan: C ng phn cis-trans

CH3 C2H5
CH3 H

H3C

C2H5

C2H5

H3C

C2H5

cis-1-etyl-2-metylxiclobutan

trans-1-etyl-2-metylxiclobutan

Bi 13: Hai hp cht hu c A v B u c cng thc phn t C5H10. C hai u khng phn ng vi Cl2 trong ti v lnh. A phn ng vi Cl2 c nh sng, nhng cho mt sn phm duy nht l C5H9Cl. Cn hp cht B cng tc dng vi Cl2 trong cng iu kin nhng cho 6 ng phn C5H9Cl khc nhau, c th phn bit bng phng php vt l. Hy xc nh cu trc ca A, B v cc sn phm monoclo . Gii: A v B c cng thc C5H10 nn chng c th l anken hoc xicloankan. Theo u bi, cc cht ny khng tc dng vi Cl2 ti v lnh nn A v B l cc xicloankan. A tc dng vi Cl2 cho mt monoclo duy nht nn A l xiclopentan
+ Cl2 as Cl + HCl

B tc dng vi Cl2 (nh sng) tao ra 6 dn xut monoclo, nn B phi l metylxiclobutan.

CH2Cl CH3 Cl Cl2 -HCl CH3 Cl Cl CH3 CH3

CH3

CH3

Cl Cl

Bi 14: V sao ni lin kt C-C trong xilopropan c gi l lin kt qu chui ? Gii: Xiclopropan l hp cht vng no duy nht c cu to phng. Theo quan nim hin i, phn xen ph cc i ca cc m my electron khng nm trn ng thng ni lin hai nguyn t cacbon m c s un cong. S un cong ny lm cho phn xen ph m my electron c gim i, nhng sp xp nh th c li v mt nng lng. Cc lin kt CC ny c gi l lin kt qu chui, n mang tnh cht trung gian gia lin kt v

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bnh thng. Do s un cong nh vy, thc t gc lin kt ca vng ch bng 1060 ch khng phi 109028 v ln hn nhiu so vi gc cu to phng ca tam gic u (60 0). Xiclopropan rt d b m vng di tc dng ca hirohalogenua, Br2 v b hiro ho c cht xc tc.

Bi 15: Da vo gin th nng sau, cho bit cu dng no ca xiclohexan bn nht ? Gii thch ?

Gii: Cu dng gh bn hn cu dng thuyn, v n c th nng thp nht. Nguyn nhn dn n s khc nhau v bn gia hai dng gh v thuyn l lc y tng tc gia cc nguyn t hiro ca vng. dng gh tt c u c phn b theo hnh th xen k. Trong khi dng thuyn ch c 4 h thng (C1-C2, C3-C4, C4-C5 v C6-C1) l phn b xen k, cn hai h thng cn li C2-C3 v C5-C6) th phn b che khut. Hn na nguyn t H C1 v C4 ch cch nhau 1,84 A nn n c mt lc y khong 3 kcal/mol. Tng cng th nng ca dng thuyn ln hn dng gh 6,8 kcal/mol.
0

Cng thc Newman dng gh

Cng thc Newman dng thuyn

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Bi 16: Trong xiclohexan, xc inh lin kt trc (axial) v lin kt bin (equatorial). So snh tnh bn ca a-metylxiclohexan v e-metylxiclohexan. Gii thch. Gii: Trong xiclohexan, sau nguyn t cacbon dng gh c phn b trn hai mt phng song song. Mt phng th nht cha C1, C3 v C5 ; mt phng th hai cha C2, C4 v C6. Trc i xng bc ba ca phn t thng gc vi hai mt phng. 12 lin kt C-H c chia lm hai nhm: nhm th nht gm 6 nguyn t H song song vi trc i xng bc ba ( 3 lin kt hng ln v 3 lin kt hng xung). Ta gi l lin kt trc, k hiu l a (axial). Nhm th hai gm 6 lin kt cn li, chng hng ra ngoi bin phn t (to vi trc i xng mt gc 1090 c gi l lin kt bin, k hiu l e (equatorial).

Kt qu kho st l thuyt cng nh thc nghim e-metylxiclohexan bn hn ametylxiclohexan. nhit thng e-metylxiclohexan chim 95% cn ametylxiclohexan chim 5%. a-metylxiclohexan km bn v c n hai tng tc syn, trong kho e-metylxiclohexan khng c tng tc syn no c.

e-metylxiclohexan Bi 17: Xt cu dng sau:

5 4 3 6 1 2

a-metylxiclohexan

(a) Nhm metyl gn pha di C-6 l lin kt trc hay lin kt bin ? (b) So snh bn khi nhm metyl gn pha di C-1 v C-4. (c) Khi nhm metyl gn vo C3 th to ra cu dng bn, vy n gn vo di hay trn? Gii: (a) Nhm CH3 l lin kt trc (a)

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6

CH3

(b) C-1 km bn hn C-4, v lin kt trc km bn hn lin kt bin (e).

CH3
1

H3C
4

(c) Nhm CH3 gn vo C-3 to ra cu dng bn th phi l lin kt bin, tng ng vi v tr ny l gn vo pha di.
H

H3C

Bi 18: Xc nh cu trc bn trong mi cp cu dng cho di y?

Gii: Cc cu dng bn l:

Bi 19: t chy hon ton etylxiclopropan v metylxiclobutan, so snh nng lng gii phng ca mi ng phn.

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Gii: Etylxiclopropan v metylxiclobutan l ng phn (u c cng thc phn t C5H12). ng phn no bn gii phng nng lng thp. Etylxiclopropan c sc cng gc ln v km bn hn metylxiclobutan.
CH2CH3 etylxiclopropan 808,8 kcal/mol
H H3C H CH3 H CH3

CH3 metylxiclobutan 801,2 kcal/mol

H H3C H3C H H CH3

Bi 20: So snh tnh bn ca ng phn lp th 1,3,5-trimetylxiclohexan.

cis-1,3,5-trimetylxiclohexan trans-1,3,5-trimetylxiclohexan

Gii: Tt c nhm CH3 l equatorial trong cis-1,3,5-trimetylxiclohexan nn n bn hn trans-1,3,5-trimetylxiclohexan c cha mt nhm CH3 l axial.
H H3C H CH3 H CH3 H3C H CH3 H CH3 H

cis-1,3,5-trimetylxiclohexan H H3C H3 C H H CH3 H CH3 CH3 H H CH3

trans-1,3,5-trimetylxiclohexan

Bi 21: Vit cu trc phn t c cu dng bn nht cho mi hp cht sau: (a) trans-1-tert-butyl-3-metylxiclohexan (b) cis-1-tert-butyl-3-metylxiclohexan (c) trans-1-tert-butyl-4-metylxiclohexan (d) cis-1-tert-butyl-4-metylxiclohexan Gii:

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(a) c ng phn cu dng bn nht th nhm tert-butyl l equatorial. Sau thm nhm CH3 (axial) vo C-3 ca vng xiclohexan.
H C(CH3)3 CH3 C(CH3)3 H

H trans-1-tert-butyl-3-metylxiclohexan

(b) Trc tin v xiclohexan dng gh vi mt nhm tert-butyl v tr equatorial. to ra cis-1-tert-butyl-3-metylxiclohexan th phi gn nhm metyl vo C-3 v tr equatorial.
H H C(CH3)3 H3C cis-1-tert-butyl-3-metylxiclohexan

(c) trans-1-tert-butyl-4-metylxiclohexan c hai nhm tert-butyl v C-4 metyl u l equatorial.

H H3C C(CH3)3

H trans-1-tert-butyl-4-metylxiclohexan

(d) Ln na, nhm tert-butyl v tr equatorial, tuy nhin, trong cis-1-tert-butyl-4metylxiclohexan, C4-metyl phi v tr axial.
H H CH3 cis-1-tert-butyl-4-metylxiclohexan C(CH3)3

Bi 22: V cc ng phn v gi tn ca hirocacbon c hai vng nhng khng cha nhm th ankyl c cng thc phn t C5H8. Gii:

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spiropentan

bixiclo[2.1.0]pentan

bixiclo[1.1.1]pentane

Bi 23: Vit cc ng phn v gi tn ca hirocacbon c hai vng nhng khng cha nhm th ankyl c cng thc phn t C6H10 Gii:

spiro[2.3]hexan

bixiclo[2,2,0]hexan

bixiclo[3,1,0]hexan

bixiclo[2,1,1]hexan

xiclopropylxiclopropan

Bi 24: Hy v mt m hnh phn t cho nobonan (bixiclo[2,2,1]heptan). Vng 6 cnh dng thuyn hay gh? Hp cht monoclo nobonan c bao nhiu ng phn khc nhau? Gii: Nobonan

Vng 6 cnh ca nobonan dng thuyn. monoclo nobonan c 4 ng phn:

Cl

Cl
Cl

Cl

A v B c th c ng phn quang hc Bi 25: So snh bn ca hai cu dng sau, gii thch ?

H CH3 H3C HH (A) (B) H H H3C H CH3 CH3 H CH3 H

Gii: Cu dng B bn hn cu dng A v c 2 CH3 H 1,3-diaxial repulsions trong khi cu dng A c mt CH3-CH3 1,3-diaxial repulsion v hai CH3-H 1,3-diaxial repulsion.

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Bi 26: V cc cu dng gh ca trans-1,2-dimetylxiclohexan v cis-1,2dimetylxiclohexan. So snh bn ca cc cu dng . Gii:
CH3 (a) CH3 (e) CH3

(e)

b n h n trans-1,2-dimetylxiclohexan
CH3

CH3 (a)

(e) (e) CH3 (a)

CH3

(a)

CH3

cis-1,2-dimetylxiclohexan Hai cu dng ny c b n nh nhau

Bi 27: V cc cu dng gh ca trans-1,3-dimetylxiclohexan v cis-1,3dimetylxiclohexan. So snh bn ca cc cu dng . Gii:

CH3 (a) CH3 (e) H3C

(e)

CH3 (a)

trans-1,3-dimetylxiclohexan Hai c u dng n y c b n nh nhau

CH3 (e) H3C (e)

b n h n

cis-1,3-dimetylxiclohexan

(a) CH3

(a) CH3

Bi 28: V cc cu dng gh ca trans-1,4-dimetylxiclohexan v cis-1,4dimetylxiclohexan. So snh bn ca cc cu dng. Gii:

CH3 (a)

(e)
H3C CH3 (e)

b n h n

(a) CH3

trans-1,4-dimetylxiclohexan

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CH3 (e) H3C

(e)
CH3 (a)

(a) CH3

cis-1,4-dimetylxiclohexan Hai c u dng n y c b n nh nhau.

Bi 29: (a) 2-Isopropyl-5-metylxiclohexanol c 4 ng phn cis trans, hy vit cc ng phn . (b) V cu dng ca cc ng phn . Trong s 4 ng phn ng phn no bn nht? Gii: (a) Cng thc ca 4 ng phn

(b) Biu din cc cu dng

(c) Cu dng bn nht l trans-2-Isopropyl-cis-5-metylxiclohexanol. V tt c cc nhm th u dng e.

Bi 30: Gii thch ti sau 1,2-dimetylxiclohexan c ng phn hnh hc trong khi 1,2dimetylxiclododecan th khng ? Gii:

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Vng xiclododecan ln cc nhm nguyn t c th quay t do, v th n khng th tn ti ng phn cis-trans. Bi 31: Vit cng thc cc ng phn lp th khng i quang(ng phn lp th i-a) ca 2-clo-1,3-imetylxiclohexan v cho bit cu trc sn phm to thnh khi cho cc ng phn tc dng vi CH3ONa. Gii:
CH3 Cl CH3 CH3 Cl CH3 I II CH3 CH3 Cl III CH3 CH3 Cl

H H H3C CH3 H3C H

H Cl CH3

CH3

H CH3

Cl C 2 H C bn cnh u tch c. CH3

Khng tch c v H C bn cnh khng ng ph ng v u vtrcis i v i clo.

Cl Ch c 1 H l tch c.

CH3

CH3 1,3 - imetylxiclohexen

CH3 1,3 - im etylxiclohexen

Bi 32: Khi clo ha isopentan theo t l mol 1:1 thu c cc dn xut monoclo vi thnh phn nh sau: 1-clo-2-metylbutan: 30%, 1-clo-3-metylbutan: 15%, 2-clo-3-metylbutan: 33%, 2-clo-2-metylbutan: 22%. Hy so snh kh nng th ca cc nguyn t H C bc 1, bc 2, bc 3. Gii: Trong phn t isopentan: CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH3 C 9 nguyn t H cacbon bc 1, nn hm lng trung bnh ca dn xut monoclo ng vi 1 nguyn t H C bc 1:
30% + 15% = 5% . 9 33% = 16,5% 2

C hai nguyn t H cacbon bc 2 nn hm lng trung bnh ca dn xut monoclo ng vi 1 nguyn t H C bc 2:

C 1 nguyn t H cacbon bc 3: 22%

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Vy nguyn t H cacbon bc 3 d b th hn nguyn t H cacbon bc 2 v d th hn nguyn t H cacbon bc 1.
C2H6 C2H5Cl C4H10 CH4 HCHO CO2 Bi 33: CH3COONa
dpcmn Gii: 2CH3COONa + 2H2O C2H6 + 2CO2 + NaOH + H2 as C2H6 + Cl2 C2H5Cl + HCl

2C2H5Cl + 2Na C4H10 + 2NaCl

cracking C4H10 C3H6 + CH4
oxit cua Nito CH4 + O2 HCHO + H2O 600 C
0

AgNO / NH HCHO + 2Ag2O CO2 + H2O + 4Ag

3 3

C3H7OH C3H6O C2H5COOH Bi 34: C3H7Cl

? ? ? C3H6 t
HCl NaOH

CuO
0

t Gii: C3H7Cl + NaOH(l) C3H7OH + NaCl

0

t C3H7OH + CuO C2H5CHO + Cu + H2O

0

Mn C2H5CHO + 1/2O2 C2H5COOH

H SO CH3CH=CH2 + H2O C3H7OH 180 C
2 4(d ) 0

2+

CH3CH=CH2 + HCl CH3CHClCH3

t CH3CHClCH3 + NaOH(l) CH3CHOHCH3 + NaCl
0

t CH3CHOHCH3 + CuO CH3COCH3 + Cu + H2O

0

Bi 35:

Polipropilen B cao su isopren Ankan A D E CH3

xt ,t 0

CH
n

CH3 CH3
cracking Gii: C5H12 C3H6 + C2H6

t , xt , p nCH3CH=CH2 (CH(CH3)CH2)n
0

dehidro CH3CH(CH3) CH2CH3 CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2 + 2H2 t , xt , p nCH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2 (CH2C(CH3)=CHCH2)n

0

dehidro CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH3 CH3C(CH3)=CHCH3 + H2

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t , xt , p nCH3C(CH3)=CHCH3 (C(CH3)2CH(CH3) )n
0

Bi 36:
Al2O3 + C
(1) lo dien
lodien 30000 C

X1(k) (2)

+O2

X2(k) Y2
(4) +Y4

6CO + Al4C3 Gii: 2Al2O3 + 9C Y3(k) (X1) (Y1)

t 2CO + O2 2CO2
0

Y1(r)

(3) +H2O

muoi Y6 Y4(k) Y5(k)

(6) +O2

(5) +Cl2/as

X2 + Y4 + H2O

(X2) Al4C3 + 12H2O 3CH4 + 4Al(OH)3 (Y3)

askt CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl

(Y2)

(Y5)

(Y4)

Al(OH)3 + 3HCl AlCl3 + 3H2O (Y6)

t CH3Cl + O2 CO2 + HCl + H2O
0

Bi 37: B tc s phn ng sau: (A) + NaOH (B) + (C) + (D)

t (E) + (F) (B)+ NaOH
0

HCHO + (D) (E) + O2

NO ,600 8000 C Cu

CH3OH (E) + O2 200 C ,100atm

0

(C) + HCl (G) khi trng Gii: CH3COONH4 + NaOH CH3COONa + NH3 + H2O (A)
0

(B) (E) (F)

(C)

(D)

CaO CH4 + Na2CO3 CH3COONa + NaOH t

HCHO + H2O CH4 + O2

NO ,600 8000 C Cu

CH3OH CH4 + O2 200 C ,100atm

0

NH3 + HCl NH4Cl (khi trng) (G)

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Bi 38:

CnH2n+1Cl CnH2n CnH2n-2 CnH2n+1COONa n - CmH2m+2 CnH2n+2 C + H2 CnH2n + H2 CxH2x+2 + CyH2y CO2 + H2O
0 0

Ni ,t Gii: CnH2n + H2 CnH2n+2

Ni ,t CnH2n-2 + 2H2 CnH2n+2
CaO CnH2n+2 + Na2CO3 CnH2n+1COONa + NaOH t
0

cracking n-CmH2m+2 CnH2n+2 + CkH2k askt CnH2n+2 + Cl2 CnH2n+1Cl + HCl

(m=k+n)

t CnH2n+2 nC + (n+1)H2
0

xt ,t CnH2n+2 CnH2n + H2
0

cracking CnH2n+2 CxH2x+2 + CyH2y+2

0

(n=x+y)

t CnH2n+2 + (3n+1)/2O2 nCO2 + (n+1)H2O

Bi 39: Vit cc PTP chuyn ha ln nhau: a) Etan v etyl axetat b) Metan v metyl fomiat Gii:
C H OH Cl O NaOH C2H5Cl C2H5OH a) C2H6 CH3COOH H SO ,t as men t CH3COOC2H5
2 0 2

4(d )

H SO H NaOH C2H6 C2H4 CH3COOC2H5 C2H5OH Ni ,t 180 C

2 4(d ) 0 2 0

HCOOH O H HCHO CH3OH b) CH4 HCOOCH3 H SO ,t ( Cu ,t , p ) Ni ,t

2 0
2 0

4(d )

Ca ( OH ) NaOH [O] men HCOOCH3 C2H5OH CH3OH HCHO C6H12O6 O NaOH Na CH3COOH CH4 CH3COONa mengim CaO ,t
2
2 0

2. ANKEN Bi 1: C 2 hirocacbon A v B u c cng CTPT l C7H14. Xc inh CTCT ca A, B bit:

21 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
- Oxi ha A bng dung dch KMnO4/ H2SO4 to ra hai cht l CH3CH2COCH3 v CH3CH2COOH. B c cu to mch thng v khi oxi ha bng dung dch K2Cr2O7/HCl to ra CO2. Hon thnh cc PTP oxi ha-kh trn. Gii: Da vo sn phm ca cc phn ng oxi ha khng hon ton A v B => CTCT: A: CH3CH2CH=C(CH3)CH2CH3 B: CH2=CH[CH2]4CH3 Cc PTP: CH3CH2CH=C(CH3)CH2CH3 + 6KMnO4 + 9H2SO4 5CH3COOH + 5CH3COCH3 + 6MnSO4 + 3K2SO4 + 9H2O CH2=CH[CH2]4CH3 + 5K2Cr2O7 + 10HCl 3CO2 + 3CH3[CH2]4COOH + 10CrCl3 + 10KCl + 23H2O Bi 2: Anken A c CTPT l C6H12 c ng phn hnh hc, tc dng vi dung dch Br2 cho hp cht ibrom B. Cho B tc dng vi KOH trong ancol un nng thu c ankaien C v mt ankin D. Khi C b oxi ha bi dung dch KMnO4/H2SO4 v un nng thu c axit axetic v kh CO2. a) Xc nh CTPT ca A, gi tn v vit PTP. b) Vit CTCT cc ng phn hnh hc ca C. Gii: CTPT A: C6H12; B: C6H12Cr; C v D: C6H10 a) Khi oxi ha C bi KMnO4/ H2SO4 to ra CH3COOH v CO2 CTCT ca ien C: CH3CH=CHCH=CHCH3 Ankin D: CH3CH2C CCH2CH3 B l: CH3CH2CHBrCHBrCH2CH3 A l: CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH3 Cc PTP: CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH3 + Br2 CH3CH2CHBrCHBrCH2CH3
ancol CH3CH2CHBrCHBrCH2CH3+2KOH CH3CH=CHCH=CHCH3+2KBr+2H2O ancol CH3CH2CHBrCHBrCH2CH3+2KOH CH3CH2C

CCH2CH3+2KBr+2H2O

5CH3CH=CHCH=CHCH3 + 18KMnO4 + 27H2O 10CH3COOH + 10CO2 + 18MnSO4 + 9K2SO4 + 32H2O b) Cc ng phn hnh hc ca C:

22 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
CH3 C=C H H H C=C CH3 H C=C CH3 H H C=C CH3 H H

trans-trans

cis-trans

H C=C CH3 H

H CH3 C=C H

cis-cis

Bi 3: Khi un ancol etylic trong H2SO4 c 1700C thu kh etilen thng c ln tp cht CO2, SO2 v hi nc. Bng cch no chng t kh thu c c etilen. Gii: Cho sn phm kh li qua dung dch nc vi trong d, kh cn li cho i qua dung dch nc brom thy nht mu c C2H4. Bi 4: Vit CTCT ca cc anken t phn ng hirat ha xc tc axit ca ancol sau v cho bit sn phm chnh:
H a) CH3CH(CH3)CHOHCH3
+

OH

b)

CH3

H+

OH CH3
H
+

c) Gii:

H d) (CH3)3CCH2OH

H a) CH3CH(CH3)CHOHCH3 CH3CH(CH3)=CHCH3

(sn phm chnh) + CH3CH(CH3)CH=CH2 + CH2=C(CH3)CH2CH3

OH CH3 CH3

CH2

b)

CH3
H

23 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
(sn phm chnh)
OH CH3
H
+

CH3

CH2

c)
+

+ (sn phm chnh)

H d) (CH3)3CCH2OH CH3C(CH3)=CHCH3 + CH2=C(CH3)CH2CH3

(sn phm chnh) Bi 5: a) Gii thch ti sao ancol bc 1 t c dng tng hp ank-1-en. b) Gii thch s to thnh 3-brom-2,2-imetylbutan v 2-brom-2,3-imetylbutan t phn ng ca 3,3-imetylbutan-1-ol vi HBr. Gii: a) Cacbocation bc I RCH2 s sp xp li nh s chuyn v hirua to ra cacbocation bc II bn hn do sn phm ank-2-en c to ra. b) Sn phm c d on theo quy tc Maccopnhicop l 3-brom-2,3-imetylbutan:
r CH 2 = CH C (CH 3 )3 H H 3C C H C (CH 3 )3 B H 3C CHBr C (CH 3 )3
+

Tuy nhin cacbocation bc II (A) c th chu s chuyn v metylua to cacbocation bc III (B) bn hn do to ra sn phm 2-brom-2,3-imetylbutan:
metyl r H 3C C H C (CH 3 )3 chuy n vi H 3C CH (CH 3 ) C (CH 3 )2 B H 3C CH (CH 3 ) C (CH 3 ) 2 Br + +
-

Bi 6: a) Khi cho isobuten vo dung dch HBr c ha tan NaCl , CH3OH c th to ra nhng hp cht g? Gii thch.
500 C b) Cho phn ng: CH3CH=CH2 + Cl2 1:1
0

Hon thnh PTP v vit c ch phn ng. Gii: a) Sn phm phn ng l hn hp gm: CH3C(CH3)BrCH3; CH3C(CH3)OHCH3; CH3C(OH)ClCH3 v CH3C(CH3)2 OCH3 Gii thch da vo c ch phn ng: Trong dung dch c qu trnh phn li: HBr H+ + BrNaCl Na+ + Cl-

24 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Do trong dung dch c 4 tc nhn l Br-, Cl-, H2O v CH3OH c kh nng kt hp vi cacbocation. Phn ng theo c ch cng electrophin (AE). Trc ht tc nhn electrophin (H+) tn cng vo C- to ra cacbocation (giai on chm):

CH3

C CH3

CH2 + H+

CH3

C CH3

CH3

Sau l qu trnh kt hp cacbocation vi cc tc nhn Br-, Cl-, H2O v CH3OH to thnh sn phm (giai on nhanh):
Br CH 3 C (CH 3 ) 2 CH 3 C (CH 3 ) 2 Br Cl CH 3 C (CH 3 ) 2 CH 3 C (CH 3 ) 2 Cl H 2O CH 3 C (CH 3 ) 2 CH 3 C (CH 3 ) 2 OH + H + CH 3OH CH 3 C (CH 3 ) 2 CH 3 C (CH 3 ) 2 O CH 3 + H + + + +
-

b) Phn ng xy ra theo c ch gc t do SR: Khi mo: ClCl 2Cl.

.CH2CH=CH2 + HCl Pht trin mnh: CH3CH=CH2 + Cl. CH2ClCH=CH2 + Cl. Cl2 + .CH2CH=CH2

Hai qu trnh trn lp i lp li nhiu ln cho n khi tt mch. Tt mch:

Cl2 2Cl.
.

CH2ClCH=CH2 CH2CH=CH2 + Cl. CH2=CHCH2CH2CH=CH2 2 .CH2CH=CH2

Bi 7: Cho but-2-en vo dung dch gm HBr, C2H5OH ha tan trong nc thu c cc cht hu c g? Trnh by c ch phn ng to thnh cc cht trn. Gii: CH 3CH = CHCH 3 + H + CH 3CH 2 C HCH 3
+ Br CH 3CH 2 C HCH 3 CH 3CH 2CHBrCH 3 H 2O H CH 3CH 2 C HCH 3 CH 3CH 2CH (CH 3 ) O H 2 CH 3CH 2CH (OH )CH 3 C2 H 5OH H CH 3CH 2 C HCH 3 CH 3CH 2CH (CH 3 ) O HC2 H 5 CH 3CH 2CH (CH 3 )OC2 H 5 + +
+

25 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Bi 8: Anken A c CTPT C6H12 c ng phn hnh hc, tc dng vi nc Br2 to B. Cho B tc dng vi KOH/ancol, un nng to c C v ankin C. Khi oxi ha C bi dung dch KMnO4 c nng th thu c CO2 v mui ca axit CH3COOH. Hy lp lun xc nh CTCT ca A v vit cc PTP xy ra.
+ Br dd.KMnO KOH/ancol Gii: : C6H12 C6H12Br2 C6H10 CH3COOK + CO2
2 4

CTCT C: CH3CH=CHCH=CHCH3 CTCT B: CH3CH2CHBrCHBrCH2CH3 CTCT A: CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH3 Cc phn ng: CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH3 + Br2 CH3CH2CHBrCHBrCH2 CH3
ancol CH3CH2CHBrCHBrCH2CH3 + KOH CH3CH=CHCH=CHCH3 ancol CH3CH2CHBrCHBrCH2CH3 + KOH CH3CH2C
0

CCH2CH3

t CH3CH=CHCH=CHCH3 + 6KMnO4 2CH3COOK + 2CO2 + 4KOH + 6MnO2

Bi 9: Khi cho isobutilen vo dung dch H2SO4 m c un nng ti 800C thu c hn hp sn phm gi tt l i- isobutilen gm hai cht ng phn ca nhau A v B. Hiro ha hn hp ny thu c cht C qun gi l isooctan. C l cht c dng nh gi nhin liu lng. Dng c ch gii thch hnh thnh sn phm A, B. Gi tn A, B, C theo danh php IUPAC. Gii: Tn gi ca C l 2,2,4- trimetylpentan
CH3 C CH3 CH3 C+ CH3 + CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3
- H+

CH2

+ H+

CH3 C CH3

C+ CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 C CH3 CH2 C+ CH3 CH3

CH2

C CH3 CH3

CH2

C CH3

CH2
+ H2

CH3 CH3 C CH3 CH2 CH CH3 CH3

CH3

C CH3
2 4(d ) 0

CH

C CH3

CH3

SO Bi 10: (A) H (B) + (C) 180 C

C (B) + (D) Ni,200 (E)
0

(E) 600 C (F) + (G)

0

26 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
, xt , p n(F) t (F)n
0

H PO (H) (F) + (C) 280 300 C ,70 80atm

0 3 4

(H) (F) + (C) Kali + (C) (I) + (D) (B) + (L) + (C) Propilen glicon + (M) + (I)
SO Gii: C3H7OH H C3H6 + H2O 180 C
2 4( d ) 0

(A)
0

(B) (D)
0

(C)

C C3H6 + H2 Ni,200 C3H8

(E) (F)
0

C3H4 600 C C2H4 + CH4 (G)

, xt , p nCH2=CH2 t (CH2CH2)n

H PO C2H5OH CH2=CH2 + H2O 280 300 C ,70 80atm

0 3 4

(H)
C2H4 + H2O C2H5OH 180 C
0

H 2 SO4( d )

K + H2O KOH + H2 3C3H6 + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O 3C3H6 (OH)2 + 2MnO2 + 2KOH

Bi 11: Gii:
+ Br2
Br

Br2 as

(A)

C2H5ONa etanol,t0

(B)

NBS,t0

(C)

C2H5ONa etanol,t0

(D)

as

Br + HBr
etanol,t0

+ C2H5ONa

+ NaBr + C2H5OH

NBS,t0

Br

CnH2n+2

Br C H n 2n+1Cl etanol,t0 + C2H5ONa

CnH2n+2
+ NaBr + C2H5OH

CnH2nX2 CnH2n+1OH

CnH2nBr2 CnH2n+1X CnH2n(OH)2 CO2 + H2O

CnH2n

27

Nhm 2 11A4

CnH2n-2 CaH2a+2

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Bi 12:

xt ,t Gii: CnH2n+2 CnH2n + H2

0

CnH2n+1Cl + KOH ancol CnH2n + KCl + H2O CnH2nX2 + Zn CnH2n + ZnX2

SO CnH2nOH H CnH2n + H2O 180 C
2 4(d ) 0

d/PbCO CnH2n-2 + H2 P CnH2n

3

cracking C2H2a+2 CnH2n + CmH2m+2

,t CnH2n + H2 Ni CnH2n+2
0

(a=n+m)

CnH2n + Br2(dd) CnH2nBr2 CnH2n + HX CnH2n+1X 3CnH2n + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O 3CnH2n(OH)2 + 2MnO2 + 2KOH CnH2n + 3n/2O2 t nCO2 + nH2O
0

3. ANKAIEN Bi 1: Ozon phn tecpen A c trong thnh phn ca tinh du hoa hng thu c hn hp sn phm gm: HO-CH2-CH=O, (CH3)2C=O, CH3-CO-CH2-CH2-CH=O. Lp lun xc nh cu to ca A. Gii
(CH3)2C O O CH CH2 CH2 C CH3 (CH3)2C CH CH2 CH2 C CH3 CH CH2 OH O O CH CH2 OH

CH2OH

28 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Bi 2: Dng c ch phn ng, gii thch ti sao khi x l 2,7-imetylocta-2,6-dien vi axit photphoric th thu c 1,1-imetyl-2-isopropenylxiclopentan Gii: C ch:
H+

-H+

Bi 3:

C2H5OH C4H10 C4H8 Vinyl axetilen C2H2

HOCH2CH2COONa CH2=CHCH=CH2 CH2=CHCCl=CH2

C4H6Br2 C4H6Br4 Cao su Buna Cao su cloropren

Gii: HOCH2CH2COONa + NaOH t C2H5OH + Na2CO3

0

Al O CH2=CHCH=CH2 + 2H2O + 2H2 2C2H5OH 450 C

2 3 0

CH2=CHCH=CH2 + Br2 CH2BrCHBrCH=CH2 CH2=CHCH=CH2 + Br2 CH2BrCH=CHCH2Br CH2=CHCH=CH2 + 2Br2 CH2BrCHBrCHBrCH2Br

Na ,t nCH2=CHCH=CH2 (CH2CH=CHCH2)n
0

CH2=CHC 2 CH

Pd CH + H2 CH2=CHCH=CH2 t
0

, NH Cl CH CuCl CH2=CHC
4

CH Cao su Buna

Bi 4:

Glucoz

Ru etylic Tinh bt

Buta-1,3-ien Polivinyl etilen

29 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon

Gii: (C6H10O5)n + nH2O H nC6H12O6

C6H12O6 men 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
Al O CH2=CHCH=CH2 + 2H2O + 2H2 2C2H5OH 450 C
2 3 0

Na ,t nCH2=CHCH=CH2 (CH2CH=CHCH2)n

CH2

CH CH=CH2 n

t 0 , xt , p

nCH2=CHCH=CH2

Bi 5:
(1)

Cl C5H12 C5H8 C3H6

(2) (5)

(C5H8)n PP

(3)

CH2

C CH3

CH2

CH2 n

(4)

Gii: CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH3 de hidro CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2 + 2H2

t , xt , p nCH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2 (CH2C(CH3)=CHCH2)n
0

(CH2C(CH3)=CHCH2)n + nHCl (CH2C(CH3)ClCH2CH2)n

cracking C5H12 C3H6 + C2H6

nCH3CH=CH2 (CH(CH3) CH2)n

r ,as r / CCl / ancol KOH/ancol Bi 6: (CH3)2CHCH2CH3 B (A) NaOH (B) B (C) 2 (D)
2 2 4

CH

CO

CH

CO

(E)

Gii: (CH3)2CHCH2CH3 + Br2 as (CH3)2CBrCH2CH3 + HBr

(CH3)2CBrCH2CH3 + NaOH ancol (CH3)2C=CHCH3 + NaBr + H2O (CH3)2C=CHCH3 + Br2 CCl (CH3)2CBrCHBrCH3
4

(CH3)2CBrCHBrCH3 + 2KOH ancol CH2=CCH3CH=CH2 + 2KCl + 2H2O

CH CO CO

CH2=CCH3CH=CH2 + CH
600 C (B) + (C) Bi 7: (A)
0

CH3

CO CO

(B) + H2O (D) (D) (E) + (F) + H2O (E) + (F) (A)

30 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
n(E) Cao su Buna
, xt , p n(E) + nC6H5 CH=CH2 t Cao su Buna S
0

cracking Gii: n-C4H10 C2H4 + C2H6

(A)
+

(B)

(C) (D)

C2H4 + H2O H C2H5OH

Al O CH2=CHCH=CH2 + 2H2O + 2H2 2C2H5OH 450 C
2 3 0

(E)
,t C4H6 + 2H2 Ni C4H10
0

(F)

Na ,t nCH2=CHCH=CH2 (CH2CH=CHCH2)n

, xt , p nCH2=CHCH=CH2 + nC6H5CH=CH2 t

(CH2CH(C6H5) CH2CH=CHCH2)n

4. ANKIN Bi 1: a) Phn bit cc bnh kh sau y: axetilen, but-1-in, but-2-in. b) Bng cch no hy chng minh s c mt ca tp cht but-1-in v but-2-in trong bnh kh axetilen. Gii: a) Cho tng kh li qua dung dch AgNO3 d trong NH3. Bnh khng thy xut hin kt ta l bnh ng but-2-in. Hai bnh cn li thy xut hin kt ta vng l axetilen v but-1-in: HC HC CH + 2AgNO3 + 3NH3 AgC CAg + 2NH4NO3 CCH2CH3 + NH4NO3 CCH2CH3 + 2AgNO3 + 3NH3 AgC

phn bit axetilen v but-1-in ta lm nh sau: Ly cng mt th tch 2 kh (trong cng iu kin) s mol bng nhau. Sau cho ln lt tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d trong NH3, lc kt ta ri ha tan trong HCl d. Cn kt ta AgCl thu c nu thy kt ta AgCl bnh no nhiu hn axetilen, bnh cn li l but-1-in. AgC AgC CAg + 2HCl 2AgCl + HC CH CCH2CH3 CCH2CH3 + HCl AgCl + HC

b) Cho hn hp kh li qua dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d th axetilen v but-1-in b gi li, nhn ra but-2-in bng phn ng lm nht mu nc brom. Sau nhn ra but-1-in theo cch lm cu a).

31 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Bi 2: Hon thnh chui phn ng sau:
BrMgC CMgBr
HC CH

1.CH3COCH3 C2H5MgBr 1.CO2 B C 2.H3O 2.H3O

Gii:
OH CH3 C C CH CH3

A l: HC CMgBr
OH CH3

B l:

OH CH3 C C C COOH CH3

C C CMgBr CH3

C l:

D l:

Bi 3: T axetilen v cc hp cht hu c c s C 3, vit s tng hp cis-1phenylhex-2-en. Gii:

HC CH
1.NaNH2 CH3CH2CH2C 2.CH3CH2CH2Br 1.NaNH2 2.C6H5CH2Br
H2

CH

CH3CH2CH2C CCH2C6H5

xc tc Lindlar

cis-1-phenylhex-2-en

Bi 4: T propan-2-ol hy tng hp hy tng hp hex-1-en-5-in. Gii:

CH3CHOHCH3 H2SO4
o

t Cl2 1.Li CH3CH CH2 o CH2ClCH CH2 (CH2 t 2.CuI

CH3CH CH2

Br2

CH3CHBrCH2Br

1.NaNH2

2.H2O A CHCH2)2CuLi

CH3C CH CH2

Cl2 CH2ClC CH (A) to

CHCH2CH2C CH

Bi 5: Pheromon H c Bestmann iu ch 1982 nh sau:

HC CLi Me(CH2)8Br A 1.EtMgBr 2.HC CCH2OTs B 1.EtMgBr 2. O C 2H2 Pd Lindlar D brom ha E (C16H29Br) (CBr4 + PPh3)

NaI Ph3P F G axeton

1. bazo 2.CH2 CHCHO

(CH2)8CH3

Gii: t R l CH3(CH2)8

32 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
HC CLi RBr HC CH A RC CMgBr HC CCH2C CR B Br E Ph3 R RC CCH2C CCH2CH2OH C PPh3 I F CH3(CH2)8 H

R D R

CH2CH2OH B HB

PPh3

5. HIROCACBON THM NGUN HIROCACBON T THIN NHIN Bi 1: Xc nh iu kin thc hin cc chuyn ha sau:
C 2 H5
(1) (2)

C2H5
(3)

COOH
(4)

COOH

a) CH3
(1) (2)

Cl

Cl

OH

CH2Cl
(3)

C6H5CH2

CH2C6H5

b) Gii: a) (1) C2H5Cl, AlCl3, t0 (2) Cl2, Fe, t0 (3) KMnO4, H2SO4 (4) OH- (t0, p) b) (1) CH3Cl, AlCl3, t0 (2) Cl2, as (3) Na, ete khan Bi 2: Xc nh cc cht trong s :
Br ,1:1 Br ,1:1 dd NaOH long A (sp chnh) B (sp chnh) C C6H5CH(CH3)2 as Fe,t t
2 0

D
CH 3COOH H 2 SO4( d ) , t 0 CH COOH dd NaOH(d) CO E B H G t, p H SO ,t
2

4( d )

Gii:

33 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
OH OCOCH3 CH3 CH3 C CH3

CH3

CH

CH3

CH3

CBr

CH3

CH3

A:
CH3

Br
OH C CH3

B:
OH CH3 C

Br

C:
CH3 C

Br

D:

Br

OCOCH3
CH3

CH3

E:

ONa

G:

OH

H:

OH

Bi 3: Hirocacbon A c CTPT: C9H10. A c kh nng tc dng vi Br2 khan, xc tc Fe. Cho A tc dng H2, xc tc Ni, t0 thu c B c CTPT C9H12. Oxi ha B bng O2/H2SO4 thu c axeton. a) Xc nh CTCT v gi tn A, B. Vit cc PTP xy ra. b) Vit phn ng khi B tc dng Br2, xc tc Fe, t0. Gii thch sn phm to thnh. a) Gii: A (C9H10) c kh nng tc dng Br2, xc tc Fe => A c vng benzen.
Ni ,t A + H2 B (C9H12)
0

=> A c mt lin kt i nhnh.

CH3 C=CH2

H SO B + O2 axeton
2 4

CH(CH3)2

Vy B l: Cc PTP:
CH3 C=CH2 + Br2

=> CTCT ca A:
CH3 CH=CH2
Fe, t0

(isopropenyl benzen)

+ HBr Br

CH3 C=CH2 + H2
CH3 C=CH2 + O2
H2SO4, t0 Ni, t0

CH3CHCH3

OH + CH3COCH3

b) Phng trnh phn ng:

34 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
CH3CHCH3 + Br2
Fe, t0

CH3CHCH3 + HBr Br

Gc isopropyl c hiu ng +I nn sn phm th vo vng benzen u tin vo v tr o- hay p-. Do hiu ng khng gian ca gc isopropyl nn sn phm th ch yu p-. Bi 4: Dng benzen v cc cht v c cn thit tng hp: a) Axit 3,5-initro benzoic b) Axit 2-nitro-4-brom benzoic Gii:
CH Cl HNO KMnO C6H5CH3 m-NO2C6H4COOH C6H5COOH a) C6H6 AlCl H SO t
3 3 0 4 3 2 4

COOH
HNO3 H SO ,t 0
2 4

O2 N
3 3

NO2
2 4 3 3 2 4

CH Cl H SO HNO C6H5CH3 p-CH3C6H4SO3H b) C6H6 AlCl SO H SO

CH3 NO2 SO3H

H 2 SO4 ,t
0

CH3
Br2 Fe

COOH

NO2 Br

KMnO4 t0

NO2 Br

o-CH3C6H4NO2

Bi 5: Mt dn xut hirocacbon thm C16H16Cl12 (A) tc dng vi Zn cho ra (B) c cng thc C16H16. Cht B lm mt mu dung dch KMnO4, b oxi ha cho ra axit (C) C8H8O2. Mt khc cc phn ng th thn in t trn (C) cho sn phm th o- v p-. Vit cng thc ca A, B, C. Gii: Hp cht C sinh ra t hirocacbon thm, vi cng thc C8H8O2, C c mt nhn thm. - V phn ng th thn in t trn C cho sn phm th o- v p- => hirocacbon thm ch mang mt nhm th. Vy cng thc ca C ch c th l: C6H5CH2COOH - Hirocacbon thm B C16H16 b oxi ha bi KMnO4 ch cho mt sn phm C. Vy cng thc ca B l: C6H5CH2CH=CHCH2C6H5 Vy A c cng thc l: C6H5CH2CHClCHClCH2C6H5 Bi 6: Gi tn cc cht sau theo h danh php IUPAC v theo tn gi thng thng nu c :

35 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
COOH COCH3 CH3 CH3 OCH3

NH2 I

NO2

NO2 Br Cl

Cl

Gi
OCH3

i:
COOH vinylbenzen stiren NH2 I Cl isopropylbenzen cumen 2-iodobenzenanilin o-iodoanilin 1-clo-3-nitrobenzen m-cloronitrobenzen 1,4-divinylbenzen p-divinylbenzen Cl 2-brom-4-clo-1nitrobenzen COCH3 metyl phenyl benzen axetophenon NO2 CH3 CH3 benzencacboxylic axit benzoic 1,2- dimetylbenzen o xylen

metoxibenzen anisole NO2 Br

Bi 7: Gi tn cc cht sau theo h danh php IUPAC:

NH2 COOH Br NO2
OH

Br

Br

Cl

Gii:
NH2 COOH Br Br NO2

1-isopropyl-4-(pentan -2-yl)benzen

3,5-dibrom-4-(3-metylpentan -2-yl)benzenamin

3 (3,5 dimetyl 4 nitrophenyl) 2 metylbutanoic axit

36 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
OH

Br

Cl

1-(4-(3,4-dimtylpentan-2-yl) phenyl)etanol

1-brom-3-clo-5-(2-metylallyl) -2-vinylbenzen

3,3'-diisopropyl-5,5'-dimetyl biphenyl

Bi 8: Hon thnh s phn ng sau: a)

(1) (2) (3) (4) C6H5CH3 (6) C6H12 (7) C6H5NO2 (8) C6H6Cl6 (9) C6H5Cl (5)

C2H5OH

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

1500 C (B) b) (A) lam lanh nhanh

+ (C) (1)

(B) (D) (D) (A) (K) (L)

c)
(A)

+ + + + +

(D) (2) (C) (I) (J) (D) (I)

Ni ,t o

(E) + + + + (K) (L) TNT

(3) (F) (4) HCl HCl (F) (6) (7) (5)

(B)

TNB

askt

C, 600oC

(1)

(B)
(D)

CH3Cl
Cl2

AlCl3
as (E)

(D)
HCl

HCl
(3)

(2)

(E)
(D) (G)
(H)

NaOH
CH3Cl AlCl3

(F)
(G) (H)
(D)

NaCl
HCl H2O
H 2O

(4)
(5) (6)
(7)

t l mol 1:1

[O] dd KMnO4
(F) H2SO4 d

37 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Bit D l cht ch c 1 cu to aren duy nht. Gii:
C2H5OH H2SO4 (d) H2C CH2 170oC (A) Br2 H2O (1)

a)
H2C CH2

a)
(2)

CH2Br CH2Br (B)

CH2Br CH2Br

2KOH(d)

etanol

CH CH (C)

2KBr

2 H2O

(3)

CH CH

C, 600oC

C6H6 (4) (D)

CH3Cl

C6H6 AlCl3
3H2 Ni, to

C6H5CH3
(6)

HCl (5)

C6H 6

HNO3(d)

H2SO4(d)

C6H5NO2

H 2O

(7)

C6H6 C 6H 6 2CH4 (A)

Cl2 Cl2
o 1500 C

as Fe

C6H6Cl6 C6H5Cl

(8) HCl (9) 3H2 (1) (C)

lmlanh nhanh C, 600oC

b)

CH CH (B) C6H6 (2) (D) (3) (E)

CH CH (B)

3H2 (D) (C)

Ni, to

38 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
NO2 3HNO3 (D)
CH4 (A) Cl2 (J)

H2SO4 (d) O2N NO2 (TNB)

CH3Cl (K) HCl (5)

3H2O (F)

(4)

(I)
askt 1:1

CH3Cl (K)
CH3

C6H6 AlCl3 (D)

C6H5CH3 (L)
O2 N

HCl (6)
CH3

3HNO3 (L) (I)

H2SO4 (d)

NO2

3H2O (F)

(7)

NO2 (TNT)

c)

CH CH (A)
CH3Cl

C, 600oC

C6H6 (1) (B)

C6H5CH3 (D) HCl (2)

C6H6 AlCl3 (B)

C6H5CH3 (D) C6H5CH2Cl (E) C6H5CH3 (D)

CH3

Cl2

as 1 :1

C6H5CH2Cl (E)

HCl (3) NaCl (4)

NaOH AlCl3

C6H5CH2OH (F) H3C (G)

COOH

CH3Cl

CH3

HCl

(5)

6[O] CH3 (G)

dd KMnO4 COOH (H)

H 2O

(6)

39 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
COOH C6H5CH2OH COOH (H) (F) H2SO4(d),to COOCH2C6H5 (L) COOCH2C6H5 2H2O (7)

Bi 9: Hon thnh cc phn ng Friedel-Crafts sau:

a) CH3CCH2Cl CH3 AlCl3 b) H3CO H3CO CH2CHCH2 O CCl AlCl3

c)

CH2CH2CCl O

d) AlCl3

CH2 CHCH2Cl AlCl3

e) CH2CCl O

AlCl3

f)

CH2CH2CH2CH2Br AlCl 3

g) CH3CHCH2CH2CHCH3 Cl AlCl3 Cl

h)

O O O AlCl3

Gii:
CH3 a) CH3 b) H3CO H3CO CH2CHCH2 O CCl O AlCl3 H3CO H3CO CH2 CH3CCH2Cl CH3CCH2CH3 CH3 AlCl3

c)

CH2CH2CCl O

d) AlCl3 O CH2 CHCH2Cl AlCl3

CHCH CH2

40 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
e) CH2CCl O AlCl3 O f) CH2CH2CH2CH2Br AlCl 3

g) CH3CHCH2CH2CHCH3 Cl AlCl3 CH3 Cl CH3

O h) O O AlCl3 COCH2CH2COOH

Bi 10: Trong nhng hp cht v ion sau y, hp cht hay ion no c tnh thm?
a) e) b) f) c) g) d) h) N

Gii: a) Hp cht ny khng c tnh thm, mc d s in t l 2, tha mn cng thc 4n+2 nhng nguyn t cacbon no trng thi lai ha sp3, khng cn obitan p trng to h lin hp trong ton b phn t dng vng. b) Cation ny c tnh thm, do s in t l 2 tha mn cng thc 4n+2 v nguyn t cacbon cha in tch dng trng thi lai ha sp2 cha obitan p trng to h lin hp trong ton b phn t dng vng. c) Hp cht ny khng c tnh thm,do c s in t l 4, khng tha cng thc 4n+2. d) Hp cht ny khng c tnh thm mc d c s in t l 6, tha mn cng thc 4n+2 nhng nguyn t cacbon no trng thi lai ha sp3, khng cn obitan p to h lin hp trong ton b phn t dng vng. e) Cation ny c tnh thm, do s in t l 6 tha mn cng thc 4n+2 v nguyn t cacbon cha in tch dng trng thi lai ha sp2 cha obitan p trng to h lin hp trong ton b phn t dng vng. f) Hp cht ny khng c tnh thm, do c s in t l 8 khng tha cng thc 4n+2. g) Anion ny c tnh thm, do c s in t l 6 tha cng thc 4n+2 v nguyn t cacbon cha in tch m trng thi lai ha sp2 cha obitan p to thnh h lin hp trong ton b phn t dng vng.

41 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
h) Hp cht ny khng c tnh thm, do c s in t l 8 khng tha cng thc 4n+2.Nguyn t nitrogen cn cha 1 i in t t do nhng khng tham gia vo h lin hp ca phn t do phn b trn obitan vung gc vi cc obitan p ca h lin hp. Bi 11: So snh kh nng tham gia phn ng vi hn hp HNO3/ H2SO4 hnh thnh sn phm nitro ha mt ln ca cc hp cht thm sau y:
OCH3 CH3 Cl NO2 CN

COCH3

OH

COOH

OCOCH3

Gii: Phn ng nitro ha vo nhn thm xy ra theo c ch th i in t. Kh nng tham gia phn ng ny ph thuc vo mt in t trong nhn thm. Cc nhm th y in t lm tng mt in t trong nhn thm v c kh nng lm tng tc phn ng. Ngc li cc nhm th ht in t lm gim mt in t trong nhn thm do lm gim kh nng phn ng. Nhm th -NO2 ht electron mnh nht theo hiu ng -I, -C , lm gim mt electron trong nhn thm nhiu nht v kh nng tham gia phn ng th i in t ca dn xut tng ng thp nht. Tip theo l nhm CN v COOH ht electron theo hiu ng I, -C cng lm gim kh nng phn ng nitro ha so vi benzene. Cng ht electron t nhn thm theo hiu ng -I, -C, nhm th -COCH3 cng lm gim kh nng phn ng nitro ha ca vng benzen nhng nh hng ca nhm ny yu hn NO2, -CN, -COOH. Nhm Cl ht electron theo hiu ng -I yu hn cc nhm ni trn nn kh nng tham gia phn ng nitro ha ca dn xut tng ng cao hn, tuy nhin vn yu hn so vi benzene. Cc nhm th nh CH3 y electron theo hiu ng +I, +H, nhm OCOCH3 y electron vo nhn thm theo hiu ng +C, nhm OH cng y electron theo hiu ng +C. Do cc trng hp ny u cho phn ng nitro ha d hn so vi benzene. Trong tc dng y electron theo +C ca OH mnh OCH3. c hai nhm ny u y electron vo nhn thm mnh hn trng hp OCOCH3 do nh hng ca hiu ng ht in t t nhm C=O. Tuy nhin tc dng y in t ca OCOCH3 vn mnh hn CH3. Do trt t tng dn kh nng tham gia phn ng nitro ha 1 ln l:

42 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
NO2 < CH3 < < CN < COOH < OCOCH3 < OCH3 < COCH3 < OH Cl <

Bi 12: Xc nh cc sn phm c th hnh thnh t phn ng nitro ha mt ln cc hp cht sau y: a) nitrotoluen d) m-cresol g) m-nitrotoluen Gii:
a) CH3 NO2 HNO3 H2SO4 NO2 b) Br HNO3 H2SO4 NO2 c) NO2 HNO3 NO2 H2SO4 NO2 NO2 NO2 Br CH3 NO2 NO2 CH3 NO2

b) m-dibrombenzen e) o-cresol h) p-xilen

c) m-dinitrobenzen f) p-cresol i) terephtalic axit

Br

Br

d)

OH HNO3 CH3 H2SO4

OH NO2 CH3 NO2

OH

CH3

43 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
e) OH CH3 OH HNO3 H2SO4 NO2 f) OH HNO3 H2SO4 CH3 CH3 OH NO2 CH3 NO2 OH CH3

g)

CH3 HNO3 NO2 H2SO4

CH3

NO2 NO2

h)

CH3 HNO3 H2SO4 CH3

CH3 NO2

CH3 COOH NO2

i)

COOH HNO3 H2SO4 COOH

COOH

Bi 13: xut quy trnh iu ch cc cht sau y t benzen v cc ha cht t chn khc:
a) O2N O C CH3 Br b) CH2CH2CH3

COOH c) Br d)

Cl

e)

CH3 NO2

NO2 NO2 Cl C(CH3)3

44 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Gii:
a) O CH3CCl AlCl3
b) O O CH3CH2CCl AlCl3 CC2H5 Br2 FeBr3 Br

O CCH3 HNO3 H2SO4 O2N

O CCH3

O CCH2CH3 Br Zn(Hg) HCl CH2CH2CH3

c) CH3Cl AlCl3

CH3 HNO3 H2SO4

CH3 Br2 AlCl3 NO2

CH3 KMnO4 to Br NO2

Cl HNO3 H2SO4 NO2

COOH

Br NO2

d) Cl Cl2 FeCl3 Cl2 FeCl3 Cl Cl

Cl

e) CH3Cl AlCl3

CH3 (CH3)3CCl AlCl3

CH3 HNO3 H2SO4 C(CH3)3

CH3 NO2

C(CH3)3

Bi 14: Xc nh cc sn phm chnh t phn ng ca isopropylbenzen vi cc cht sau y a) H2 c mt xc tc Ni nhit thng v p sut thp b) Dung dch KMnO4 long nhit thng c) Dung dch NaOH long nhit cao d) H2 c mt xc tc Ni nhit trn 200oC v p sut trn 100atm e) Dung dch KMnO4 c nhit cao f) H2SO4 c g) Cl2 c mt xc tc Fe h) Br2 nhit cao hoc nh sng t ngoi

45 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
i) Isobutylen c mt xc tc HF Gii: a) Phn ng hu nh khng xy ra. b) Phn ng hu nh khng xy ra c) Phn ng hu nh khng xy ra
d)

CH(CH3)2 H2, Ni 200 C, 100atm

o

CH(CH3)2

e)

CH(CH3)2 KMnO4, to

COOH

f)

CH(CH3)2 H2SO4

CH(CH3)2

CH(CH3)2 SO3H

SO3H g) CH(CH3)2 Cl2 Fe Cl CH(CH3)2 CH(CH3)2 Cl

h)

CH(CH3)2 Br2 hv

Br

C(CH3)2

i)

CH(CH3)2 (CH3)2C=CH2 HF

CH(CH3)2

CH(CH3)2 C(CH3)3

C(CH3)3

46 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
ng phn ortho chim t l rt thp do hiu ng khng gian. Bi 15: Ch s dng benzene, isopropyl clorua, Br2, CH3ONa, CH3Br, AlCl3, HNO3, H2SO4, Zn, HCl, CH3COCl, (CH3)2CHCOCl, H2O hy iu ch cc cht sau:
a) CH3 b) OCH3 Br c) NO2

C(CH3)=CH2

NO2

OH C(CH3)2

Gii:
a) (CH3)2CHCl AlCl3 CH(CH3)2 Br2 hv Br C(CH3)2 CH3ONa to CH3 C=CH2 CH3Cl AlCl3 CH3 C=CH2 CH3

b) Br2 Fe

Br HNO3 H2SO4

Br Br2 Fe NO2

Br Br CH3ONa

OCH3 Br

NO2 CH(CH3)2 HNO3 H2SO4 Br2 hv NO2 Br

NO2 C(CH3)2

c) (CH3)2CHCl AlCl3 NO2 CH3ONa to

CH(CH3)2

NO2 H 2O H2SO4

NO2

C(CH3)=CH2

OH C(CH3)2

Bi 16: ) Xt 3 hp cht A, B, C sau y:

47 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
H3CO H3CO H3CO (A) CHO H3CO H3CO CH2CCl O (B) H3CO H3CO H3CO CH3

(C)

Ch s dng hp cht A, B cng cc cht v c t chn khc hy xut quy trnh tng hp C t A, B v quy trnh khng nhiu hn ba giai on. Gii:
H3CO H3CO H3CO H3CO H3CO H3CO CH3 Zn(Hg)/HCl CHO Zn(Hg)/HCl H3CO H3CO CH3 H3CO H3CO AlCl3 H3CO H3CO H3CO H3CO CH3 O CH2CCl O

Bi 17: Gii thch c ch hnh thnh sn phm sau y:

a) CH3 CH=CH2 H+ HO b) CH2 C(CH3)2 H2SO4 H3C CH3

Gii:

48 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
a) CH=CH2 H+ CH-CH3
CH=CH2

CH3 CH CH2 CH

CH3 H+ H

CH3

b) CH2 HO C(CH3)2 H2SO4 CH2 C(CH3)2

H 3C H 3C H H3C CH3

H+

Bi 18: S dng cng thc cng hng gii thch ti sao nhm th phenyl l nhm nh hng ortho v para trong phn ng th i in t vo nhn thm, v d phn ng halogen ha vi xc tc axit Lewis?

Cl2 FeCl3

Cl

Cl

Gii: Tng t nh cc phn ng th i in t khc phn ng i qua giai on hnh thnh cacbocation trung gian. Sn phm ca phn ng th s i theo hng to thnh cation trung gian bn nht. Xt cc cation hnh thnh khi phn ng th vo v tr ortho, para v meta trn nhn thm, s xc nh c cation bn tng ng vi phn ng th vo cc v tr khc nhau trn nhn thm. - Phn ng th vo v tr ortho, hnh thnh cation bn nh tc dng ca hiu ng lin hp t nhm phenyl n cc trung tm in tch dng:

49 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon

- Phn ng th vo v tr para, hnh thnh cation bn nh tc dng ca hiu ng lin hp t nhm phenyl n cc trung tm in tch dng:

Phn ng th vo v tr meta to thnh cation km bn hn do h lin hp t nhm phenyl n cc trung tm in tch dng khng cn lin tc do c hai lin kt - k nhau:

Do nhm phenyl s nh hng nhm th th hai vo v tr ortho, para. Bi 19: Khi thc hin phn ng ankyl ha benzen vi cc tc nhn sau y c mt xc tc axit u thu c cng mt sn phm nh nhau. Gii thch hin tng ny. a) 2-metyl-1-butanol c) 3-metyl-1-butanol b) 3-metyl-2-butanol d) neopentyl alcohol

Gii: Trong tt c cc trng hp ny cacbocation trung gian u c kh nng chuyn v thnh cation tert-pentyl bn hn nn cng hnh thnh sn phm ch yu l tertpentylbenzen.

50 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
CH2CH3 a) CH3 H CH3CH2CCH2OH H+ -H2O CH3 CH3CH2CCH2 H CH3 CH3CH2C CH3 CH3- C-CH3

b)

CH3 CH3CH-C-CH3 OH H

H+ -H2O

CH3 CH3CH-C-CH3 H

CH2CH3 CH3 CH3CH2C CH3 CH3- C-CH3

c)

CH3 HOCH2CH2-C-CH3 H

H+ -H2O

CH3 CH2CH2-C-CH3 H

CH3 CH3CH-C-CH3 H

CH3 CH3CH2C CH2CH3 CH3- C-CH3 CH3

d)

CH3 H

CH3-C-CH2OH

H+ -H2O

CH3 CH3-C-CH2 H

CH3 CH3CH2C CH3

CH2CH3 CH3- C-CH3

Bi 20: Xc nh tn cc cht A,B,C, trong chui phn ng sau:

51 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
O CH3CCl AlCl3 (A) HNO3 H2SO4 (B)

H2N-NH2 OH-, to (D) KMnO4 Br2 (C) hv (E) CH3O(F) HI, to (G)

(K)

(CH3)3COto CH3Cl CNHBr (H) (I) (L) peroxit AlCl3 NaOH H2O/H2SO4 H 2O (M) (O)

(J)

(N)

Gii:
CCH3 O (A) CHCH3 Br (E) (F) NO2 CCH3 O (B) CHCH3 OCH3 (G) (C) CHCH3 I (H) (D) CH=CH2 CH2CH3 COOH

CH2CH2Br

CH2CH2CN

CH2CH2OH

CH=CH2 CH3

(I)

(J)

(O)

(K)

CH=CH2 CH3 CH3

CHCH3 OH

CHCH3 OH (M) CH3

(L)

(N)

Bi 21: C mt mu axit benzoic b ln mt t ct. thu c axit tinh khit, mt hc sinh lm nh sau: un nng hn hp vi nc n khi lqoqngj cht rn khng tan them c na, m lc nhanh thu ly dung dch. ngui thy c tinh th hnh kim khng mu ca axit benzoic tch ra. Lc ly tinh th, lm kh. Tin hnh tng t hai ln na vi tinh th ny, thu c cht rn c nhit nng chy khng i 120oC. Bn hc sinh dng phng php tinh ch no? Cch lm nh vy ng cha? Ti sao? C cch lm khc khng?

52 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Gii: ng. s dng phng php kt tinh da trn l do: Ct khng tan trong nc cn axit benzoic tan tt trong nc nng t tan trong nc lnh. Cch khc: C th un nng hn hp v ngng t hi axit benzoic bay ln thu c axit, do axit benzoic c tnh thng hoa. Bi 22: Lm th no tch c benzen (si 80oC) khi hn hp vi m-xilen (si 139oC)? Gii: Chng ct v chnh lch nhit si gia hai cht l ln. Bi 23: Trc y benzen vn hay c dng lm dung mi, nhng do tnh c ca n, ngay nay ngi ta dng toluene thay cho benzene. V sao toluene li t c hn? Gii: Tnh c ca benzen gy ra l do n b oxi ha theo nhng c ch khc nhau vo nhn thm to cc nhm chc phenol c. Khi thay benzen bng toluene lm dung mi th khi toluene xm nhp vo c th, n c nhm CH3 d b oxi ha thnh axit benzoic, nn hn ch kh nng oxi ha vo nhn thm. V vy toluene t c hn. Bi 24: Sau khi tng hp nitrobenzene bng phn ng gia benzen v HNO3 c ( c H2SO4 xc tc), loi b axit d v bc thu c hn hp gm benzen d v nitrobenzene. Lm cch no tch c nitrobenzene?(cho nhit si ca benzen v nitrobenzene ln lt bng 80oC, 207oC). Gii: Dng phng php chng ct. Bi 25: Trc kia ngi ta sn xut phenol t clobenzen. Hin nay phng php iu ch ch yu phenol trong cng nghip l i t benzen qua isopropylbenzen. Vit s phn ng minh ha. Gii:
C6H6 CH3CH=CH2 H3PO4 CH3 C6H5-CH-CH3 [O] C6H5OH CH3CCH3 O

Bi 26: cc cy xng ta thng thy ghi A83, A90, A92. Cc con s 83, 90, 92 c ngha g? Ti sao cc cy xng ngi ta cm s dng la v in thoi di ng? Gii: Cc con s ny l ch s octan ca cc loi xng bn. Xng c thnh phn chnh l cc ankan lng, do ankan lng d bay hi nn cc im bn xng lun c hi xng, khi s dng in thoi di ng th khi in thoi reo s pht ra ia la in c th kch thch hi xng trong khng kh chy, cng nh vy i vi vic s dng bt la. V vy nhng iu ny b cm. Bi 27: Hc n l mt sn phm ca qu trnh chng ct du m, thng dng lm nha tri ng. Nu b hc n dnh vo qun o ngi ta phi dng xng (du ha) ty m khng dng nc thng. Em hy gii thch ti sao?

53 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Gii: Hc n l hn hp cc hidrocacbon, t tan trong dung mi phn cc (v d nc), tan nhiu trong dung mi khng phn cc (v d xng, du ha). Bi 28: Mazut l g? T mazut lm th no tch c nhng thnh phn khc nhau? ng dng ca nhng thnh phn . Gii: Mazut l phn cn li ca du m sau khi chng ct p sut thng. tch c cc thnh phn khc ra khi mazut ngi ta chng ct mazut p sut thp. ng dng: du nhn bi my, vazlin (m bi my), paraffin (sp) dng lm nn, hc n dng lm nha ri ng. Bi 29: a) Mt hp cht A C10H12lm mt mu Br2 trong CCl4 d dng. S oxi ha mnh ca A cho ra axit benzene-1,4-icacboxylic. Vit cc cng thc c th c ca A. b) Phn ng ozon gii ca A cho php c lp 1 hn hp hp cht cacbonyl trong c axetanehit. Suy ra cng thc ng ca A. Gii: a) A c th l:
CH=CH2 CH=CH-CH3 CH2-CH=CH2

CH2CH3

CH3

CH3

b) Theo A l p-CH3-C6H4-CH=CH-CH3 Bi 30: Hy nu v gii thch hin tng trong th nghim sau: a) Cho benzen vo ng nghim cha nc brom, lc k ri yn. b) Cho brom lng vo ng nghim cha benzen, lc k ri yn. c) Cho them bt Fe vo ng nghim th nghim b un nh Gii: a) Cht lng phn thnh 2 lp, lp trn l brom trong benzen c mu vng, lp di l nc khng mu. V benzen khng phn ng vi nc brom nhng ha tan tt brom hn nc. b) To thnh dung dch v mu brom nht i do brom tan tt trong benzen
c) C kh thot ra, mu brom nht dn do benzen ch phn ng vi brom nguyn cht Fe ,t o khi c mt Fe. Kh thot ra l HBr: C6H6 + Br2 C6H5Br + HBr

Bi 31: Trnh by phng php phn bit 3 l ha cht khng nhn cha: a) benzene, xiclohexan, xiclohexen

54 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
b) benzene, hex-1-en, toluene Gii: a) Ly mt t mi cht cho vo cc ng nghim v nh s th t. Cho vo mi ng mt lng brom trong CCl4. Cht no lm nht mu brom th cht l xiclohexen. Tip tc thm brom vo hai ng cn li, them bt Fe, un nng, a vo ming hai ng nghim mt mu giy qu m. ng nghim no c giy qu ha th ng cha benzen ng cn li l xiclohexan.
Br2 CCl4 Br Br
Fe ,t C6H6 + Br2 C6H5Br + HBr
o

b) Ly mt t mi cht cho vo cc ng nghim v nh s th t. Cho vo mi ng mt lng brom trong CCl4. Cht no lm nht mu brom th cht l hex-1-en. Nh dung dch KMnO4 vo hai ng cn li, un nng, cht no lm mt mu thuc tm l toluene , cht cn li l benzene.
Fe,t C6H12 + Br2 C6H12Br2
t C6H5CH3 + 2KMnO4 C6H5COOK + 2MnO2 + KOH + H2O
o

Bi 32: Trnh by cch n gin tch naphtalen t hn hp naphtalen c ln tp cht khng tan trong nc v khng bay hi. Gii: un nng naphtalen thng hoa. Bi 33: T benzen v cc cht v c cn thit hy vit cc phn ng iu ch: a) m-clonitrobenzen d) axit p-brombenzoic Gii:
a) HNO3 / H2SO4(d) NO2 Cl2/Fe Cl NO2 NO2 b) Cl2/Fe Cl HNO3/H2SO4(d) Cl

b) p-clonitrobenzen

c) o-clonitrobenzen

e) axit o-brombenzoic f) axit m-brombenzoic

c) Cl2/Fe

Cl H2SO4(d)

Cl HNO3/H2SO4 (d) SO3H

Cl NO2 H2O, to

Cl NO2

SO3H

55 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
d) CH3Cl CH3 AlCl3 to HCl CH3 Br2 Fe, to Br CH3 HBr

CH3 2KMnO4 Br
COOK HCl Br
b) CH3 H2SO4 CH3

COOK t
o

2MnO2 Br
COOH KCl Br

KOH

H 2O

CH3 H2O Br2 SO3H Fe

CH3

Br HBr

SO3H

SO3H

CH3 Br H 2O SO3H

CH3

Br H2SO4

CH3

Br 2KMnO4

Fe to

COOK Br

2MnO2

H2O

KOH

COOK Br

HCl

COOH Br

KCl

c)

CH3 2KMnO4 Fe to

COOK 2MnO2 H 2O KOH

COOK HCl

COOH KCl

COOH Br2 Fe to

COOH HBr Br

56 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Bi 34: Vit phng trnh ha hc thc hin dy chuyn ha sau:
NO2

(4) (1) (2) (5) (3)

O C O C O

Br

Gii:
2H2 Ni, to (1)

3H2

Ni, to O

(2)

4O2

V2O5, to

C O C O HOOC COOH H2O (3)

NO2 HNO3 H2SO4 (d), to H 2O (4)

Br2

CCl4 Br

HBr

(5)

Bi 35: Hp cht (B) c cng thc phn t C9H14 . Khi oxi ha hon ton (B) bng K2Cr2O7 trong mi trng H2SO4 ta c xetoiaxit (X) mch thng, phn t (X) c t hn mt nguyn t cacbon so vi phn t (B). Khi cho (B) hp H 2 thu c n-propylxiclohexan. Khi cho (B) tc dng vi dung dch KMnO4 long thu c cht (Y) c s nguyn t cacbon bng s nguyn t cacbon trong cht (B). Bit MY = 190 vC; (Y) phn ng vi CH3COOH c H2SO4 lm xc tc to ra cht (Z) c 15 nguyn t cacbon trong phn t. Vit cng thc cu to ca (B), (X), (Y), (Z) v cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.

57 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Gii: MB = 122
V (B) + H2 n-propylxiclohexan (B) + K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 (X) c t hn (B) 1 C (xetoiaxit) (B) + KMnO4 + H2O (Y) c s C bng s C trong (B), MY = 190 s nhm OH l (190 122) : 17 = 4
CH2 CH CH2

CTCT (B) :
O HOOC ( CH2 ) 4 C

(C9H14)
CH2 COOH

CTCT (X) :

(C8H12O5)

CH2 OH OH

CH OH

CH2 OH

CTCT (Y) :

(C9H18O4)
O

CH2

CH O C O

CH2 CH3

CH3

OH O C CH3

CTCT (Z) :

(C15H24O7)

V (Z) c 15 C trong phn t, tc ch cha 3 gc axetat nn c 1 nhm OH khng phn ng vi CH3COOH to este (nhm OH cacbon bc ba). Cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra:
CH2 CH CH2
CH2 CH2 CH3

Ni,t0C

+ 2H2 3C9H14 + 8 K2Cr2O7 + 32 H2SO4 3 C8H12O5 + 3CO2 + 8 Cr2(SO4)3 8K2SO4 + 35H2O 3C9H14 + 4KMnO4 + 8H2O 3 C9H18O4 + 4MnO2 + 4KOH

C9H18O4 + 3 CH3COOH

H2SO4 , to

C15H24O7 + 3H2O

58 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon

6. TNG HP HIROCACBON Bi 1: Nhn bit cc cp cht kh sau y trong cc l mt nhn: a) Nit v metan b) Etilen v propilen c) But-1-en v but-2-en d) Axetilen v propin Gii: a)
chy CH 4 N 2 +O2 ,t o khng chy N 2 CH 4 CH 3 NH 2 +O2 ,t o trng CO2 + Ca ( OH ) 2 s. f NH 3 NH 3

b)

Cc phn ng: 2CH3NH2 + 9/2O2 2CO2 + 5H2O + N2 2NH3 + 3/2O2 N2 + 3H2O CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O c)
C2 H 4 CH 3CH 2OH CuO CH 3CHO AgNO3 / NH3 Ag C2 H 4 HOH o H 3 PO4 / t to C3 H 6 C3 H 6 (CH 3 ) 2 CHOH (CH 3 ) 2 CO
3 4 o

H PO / t Cc phn ng: CH2=CH2 + HOH CH3CH2OH H PO / t CH3CH=CH2 + HOH CH3CH(OH)CH3

3 4 o

t CH3CH2OH + CuO CH3CHO + Cu + H2O

o

t CH3CH(OH)CH3 + CuO CH3COCH3 + Cu + H2O

o

CH3CHO + 2AgNO3 + 3 NH3 + 2H2O CH3COONH4 + 2Ag + 2NH4NO3

CH 3CH 2CH = CH 2 CH 3CH 2 CH (OH ) CH 2 (OH ) O2 CH 3CH 2 CO CHO [O] KMnO ,t o dd Cu 4 CH 3CH = CHCH 3 CH 3 CH (OH ) CH (OH ) CH 3 CH 3 CO CO CH 3
3 / NH 3 AgNO

d)

Ag but 1 en but 2 en

Bi 2: T CH4, cc cht v c v iu kin cn thit khc, vit s phn ng iu ch: a) Axetilen b) Axit axetic c) ietyl ete

59 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
d) Etyl axetat e) n-butan f) n-ecan g) Ancol propylic h) Ancol isopropylic i) Phenol j) Ancol benzylic Gii: a) CH4
1500 C l ln
2 0

C2H2
2 2+

H O O CH3CHO CH3COOH b) C2H2 Hg Mn

+

H SO H C2H5OH (C2H5)2O c) CH3CHO Ni ,t 140 C

2 0 2 4(d ) 0

H SO CH3COOC2H5 d) CH3COOH + C2H5OH t

2 4(d ) 0

H Na HBr C2H4 CH3CH2CH2CH3 e) C2H2 C2H5Br ete khan Pd,t

2 0

Cl CH3Cl f) CH4 as
2

NaNH C2H2 CH
2

CH Cl CNa CH3C
3

H CH3 CH=CH2 CH Pd,t

2 0 2

H CH Pd,t HBr Na CH3(CH2)3CH2Br CH3(CH2)8CH3 CH3(CH2)2CH=CH2 peroxit ete khan

0

HBr C2 HNa CH3CH2CH2Br CH3(CH2)2C peroxit

NaOH CH3CH2CH2OH g) CH3CH2CH2CH2Br t

0

H O/H h) CH3CH=CH2 CH3CHOHCH3

2

NaOH ( d ) Cl 600 C C6H5OH C6H5Cl C6H6 i) C2H2 t ,p Fe,t C ( ht )

0
2 0

CH Cl Cl NaOH C6H5CH3 C6H5CH2Cl C6H5CH2OH j) C6H6 AlCl as t

3 2 3 0

Bi 3: Hon thnh s chuyn ha sau:

O CuO Br dd NaOH D E A B C t Mn
2
0 2 2+

Bit A l C3H6, E l mt iaxit hu c. Vit PTP khi cho: Cht D ln lt tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 trong dung dch NaOH, vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3. Cht E ln lt tc dng vi hn hp n- v iso-propylic d, vi Na2CO3

60 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Gii: S phn ng:
CH BrCH CH Br + Br2(hi) 2 2 2

(A) CH2BrCH2CH2Br + 2NaOH CH2OHCH2CH2OH + 2NaBr (C)

t CH2OHCH2CH2OH + 2CuO CHOCH2CHO + 2Cu + 2H2O
0

(D)
Mn CHOCH2CHO + O2 HOOCCH2COOH
2+

(E) Vit cc PTP: D + Cu(OH)2/NaOH CHOCH2CHO + 4Cu(OH)2 + 2NaOH NaOOCCH2COONa + 2Cu2O + 6H2O D + AgNO3/NH3 CHOCH2CHO + 4AgNO3 + 6NH3 + 2H2O NH4OOCCH2COONH4 + 4Ag + 4NH4NO3 E + hn hp n- v iso-propylic HOOCCH2COOH + 2C3H7OH C3H7OOCCH2COOC3H7 + 2H2O (Este to thnh c 3 ng phn) E + Na2CO3 HOOCCH2COOH + Na2CO3 NaOOCCH2COONa + CO2 + H2O Bi 4: Su hirocacbon A, B, C, D, E, F u c cng thc phn t C4H8. Cho tng cht vo brom trong CCl4 khi khng chiu sng th thy A, B, C, D tc dng rt nhanh., E tc dng chm hn, cn F th hu nh khng phn ng. Cc sn phm thu c t B v C l nhng ng phn quang hc khng i quang(ng phn lp th i-a) ca nhau. Khi cho tc dng vi H2(Pd, t0) th A, B, C u cho cng mt sn phm G. B c nhit si cao hn C. a) Xc nh cng thc ca 6 hirocacbon trn. Gii thch? b) So snh nhit si ca E v F. c) Nu c C, D, E, F. Hy nu phng php ho hc nhn bit chng. Gii: a) Cc ng phn c th c ca C4H8:

61 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon

CH3 CH3

CH2

CH

CH2 CH3

CH3 CH3 CH2

C CH3 CH

CH2

CH H2C H2C

CH

CH CH3

CH2 CH2 H2C

CH

CH3
H2C CH2 CH2 H2C

- V F hu nh khng phn ng vi Br2/CCl4, nn F l:

CH2

- E tc dng chm vi Br2/CCl4, nn E l:H2C

CH

CH3

- V A, B, C c hiro ho u cho cng mt sn phm G chng t A, B, C c khung C nh nhau, nn cn li D:

CH3 C CH3 CH2

-V B, C tc dng vi Br2/CCl4 cho nhng ng phn quang hc khng i quang ca nhau(c t nht 2*C), nn B v C l ng phn cis - trans ca nhau. Do B c nhit si cao hn C nn B l ng phn cis (phn cc hn).
B: CH3 C H C H H CH3 C: CH3 C C CH3 H

A: CH3 - CH2 - CH = CH2 Bi 5: Mt hp cht hu c A c CTPT C8H16O cho phn ng halofom nhng khng cho phn ng cng vi H2. Cho bit chc ha hc ca A. Gii: Chc ha hc ca C8H16O: Cht A cho phn ng halofom => A cha nhm CH3CH(OH) hay CH3CO Vi CTPT l C8H16O => cng thc khai trin ca A c mt ni i (C=C hay C=O) hay c mt vng kn. V A khng cho phn ng cng H2 nn A khng c ni i, A phi c vng kn.

Vy A l ancol bc 2 c cha mt vng kn. Bi 6: C 4 hirocacbon: but-2-en, xiclobutan, metylxiclopropan, isobuten cha ring trong cc bnh mt nhn, trnh by phng php nhn bit chng.

62 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Gii: Xiclopropan Metylxiclopropan But-2-en Br2/CCl4 KMnO4 long H2O/H+ HCl/ZnCl2 khan _ Nht mu nu _ Nht mu nu
MnO2 nu en

Isobuten Nht mu nu
MnO2 nu en

Ancol bc 2 Phn ng chm, sau mt lc mi to ra dn xut halogen.

Ancol bc 3 Phn ng nhanh to ra dn xut halogen dng git du.

Phng trnh ha hc: CH3CH=CHCH3 + Br2 CH3CHBrCHBrCH3 CH2=C(CH3)2 + Br2 CH2BrCBr(CH3)2

CH2Br CH3 + Br2 CH2Br CH(CH3) CH2Br CH2 CH2Br

3CH3CH=CHCH3 + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O 3CH3CHOHCHOHCH3 + 2MnO2 + 2KOH CH2=C(CH3)2 + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O 3CH2OHC(CH3)OHCH3 + 2MnO2 + 2KOH
H CH3CH=CHCH3 + H2O CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3 H CH3CCH3=CH2 + H2O CH3C(CH3)2OH
+ +

ZnCl CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3 + HCl CH3CH2CHClCH3 + H2O

2

ZnCl CH3C(CH3)2OH + HCl CH3C(CH3)2Cl + H2O

2

Bi 7: T metan v cc cht v c c , vit s iu ch:

O O

1500 C CuCl / NH Cl C2H2 Gii: CH4 CH lm lanh nhanh

4

+H C CH=CH2 Pd,t
2 0

+ HBr + NaCN CH2BrCH2CH2CH2Br CH2=CHCH=CH2 NCCH2CH2CH2CH2 peroxit t

0

CN

H 3O

HOOC[CH2]4COOH

t H 2CO3

63 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
+H + KMnO C2H4 C2H2 C2H4(OH)2 Pd,t
2 0

HO O + HO

O O

Bi 8: T 3-metyl-pent-1-en-4-in-3-ol v cc cht cn thit nh PCl5, Mg trong ete khan CH2C(CH3)CHO, LiNH2, C6H13Br, CH3MgI, H2, Ac2O, cng cc iu kin c hy tng hp 3,7-imetyl-pentaeca-2-axetat. Gii
CH3 CH C C CH CH2 OH CH3 C6H13C C CH3 CH3 C OH C CH3
CH3MgI ete khan PCl5

CH3 CH C C CH CH2Cl

CH C
1.Mg, ete khan 2.CH2 C(CH3)CHO

CH3
1.LiNH2 2.C6H13Br

HO CH3

CH C

to

CHO CH3 OH

H2

HO CH3 CH3 C8H17 CH

C6H13 CH3 C8H17 CH

CHO CH3

CH3 CH3

Ac2O

CH3 C8H17 CH

OCOCH3 CH3 CH3

Bi 9: Hp cht A c cng thc phn t C8H6. A tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 to kt ta mu vng; oxi ha A bng dung dch KMnO4, un nng sau axit ha thu c axit benzoic [C6H5COOH]. a) Lp lun xc nh cu to ca A. b) Vit s iu ch A t axetilen v cc cht v c, xc tc cn thit. Gii:
a) A tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3 thu kt ta nn CTCT ca A c dng: -C CH

Oxi ha A thu c axit benzoic nn A l hp cht thm Vy CTCT ca A l:

C CH

64 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
C 2 H2
6000C

C6H6

+ C2H 4

C6H5C2H5

t0

C6H5C2H3

C6H5C2H3Br2

OHancol

+ H2

b)

C2H4

II. BI TP TON
Bi 1: t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon X trong bnh kn c V=10 lt bng mt lng khng kh gp i lng cn thit. Sau phn ng lm lnh n 00C thy p sut trong bnh l 1,949 atm. Mt khc khi hp thu lng nc sinh ra bng 25 ml dung dch H2SO4 98% (d=1,84 g/cm3) c dung dch H2SO4 95,75%. a) Xc nh CTCT v gi tn X, bit X khng c ng phn. b) Trnh by c ch phn ng ca X vi Br2 trong dung mi l H2O, CCl4. c) T X v cc cht v c cn thit, vit P iu ch ancol tng ng trc tip t X. Gii: a) Gi b l s mol CxHy (X), a l s mol khng kh ban u
0

=> a/5 O2, 4a/5 N2 by/2

2

t Phn trnh t chy X: CxHy + (x+y/4) O2 x CO2 + y/2 H2O

b(x+y/4)
2

bx
2

S mol kh trong hn hp sau phn ng: n = nN + nO ( du ) + nCO = 0,87(mol ) 4a/5 + a/10 + bx = 0,87 S mol O2 phn ng l a/10 (1) => by = 0,12 (2) => a/10 = b(x+y/4) (3) S mol H2O sinh ra: by/2 = 0,06 (mol)

T (1), (2), (3) => y=2x tng ng cng thc chung CxH2x khng c ng phn l etilen CH2=CH2 a) Phng trnh phn ng: CH2=CH2 + Br2 BrCH2CH2Br C ch:
Br H C H Br C H
2 4

Br H H H Br C C H H H

H C C H Br H

Br

H SO long b) CH2=CH2 + H2O CH3CH2OH

3CH2=CH2 + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O 3CH2OHCH2OH + 2MnO2 + 2KOH

65 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Bi 2: t chy mt hirocacbon A vi lng O2 va . Ton b sn phm chy c dn qua bnh CaCl2 khan c d th th tch gim i hn mt na. a) Xc nh CTCT ca A, bit trong A cacbon chim 80% v khi lng. b) Mt ng ng B ca A m hm lng cacbon trong phn t nh hn hm lng cacbon trong A l 5%. Cho B tc dng vi rt t clo ngoi nh sng, trong s cc sn phm thu c c A. Gii thch? Gii: a) Sn phm chy qua bnh CaCl2 khan, th tch gim i hn mt na suy ra A l ankan
t CnH2n+2 + (3n+1)/2 O2 n CO2 + (n+1) H2O
0

%C =

12n .100% = 80% => n=2 14n + 2 12m .100% = 75% 14m + 2
as

=> CTPT ca A l C2H6

b) Gi cng thc B l CmH2m+2, ta c: %C = => m=1 => B l CH4

Gii thch sn phm thu c:

Cl:Cl

2Cl
as
as

Cl + H:CH3
CH3 + Cl:Cl
Cl + Cl

CH3 + HCl
CH3Cl + Cl

Giai on tt mch:
Cl2

CH3 + Cl CH3 + CH3

CH3Cl C2H6

Vy A c to ra giai on tt mch. Bi 3: Hai xicloankan M, N u c t khi hi so vi metan bng 5,25. Khi monoclo ha (c chiu sng) th M cho 4 hp cht, N ch cho mt hp cht duy nht. a) Xc nh CTCT ca M, N. b) Cho bit cu dng bn nht ca hp cht to thnh t N, gii thch? Gii:

66 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
a) MM = MN = 84 (g/mol), M v N l hai xicloankan co khi lng bng nhau. Gi cng thc l CxHy vi x 3. Ta c M = 12x + y = 84 iu kin y chn, y 2x + 2
as

=> x=6; y=12=> CTPT ca M, N l C6H12.

Khi monoclo ha N cho mt hp cht vy N l xiclohexan

+ Cl2 Cl + HCl

Khi monoclo ha M cho 4 sn phm => M l metylxiclopentan hoc isopropylxiclopropan

CH3

CH3CHCH3

hoc b) Hp cht to t N tn ti hai cu dng:

Cl Cl

e-xiclohexan

a-xiclohexan

Dng e-xiclohexan bn hn dng a-xiclohexan S km bn cu dng a so vi cu dng e trc ht l do nguyn t Cl gn hai nguyn t hiro C3 v C5 nn c s y nhau; trong khi nguyn t clo e khng gy tng tc nh vy. Bi 4: t chy hirocacbon A cho CO2 v hi H2O theo t l 1,75:1 v th tch, cho bay hi hon ton 10,12 g hp cht A thu c th tch hi bng th tch ca 3,52 g O 2 trong cng iu kin. Cho 20,7 g A phn ng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thu c 68,8 g kt ta B. Hirocacbon A phn ng vi HCl cho cht C cha 59,66% clo trong phn t. Cho cht C phn ng vi Br2 theo t l mol 1:1 c chiu sng v un nng ch thu c 2 dn xut halogen. Vit CTCT ca A, C. Gii: Cng thc tng qut ca hirocacbon A: CxHy
t CxHy + (x+y/4) O2 x CO2 + y/2 H2O
0

x = 1,75; nO2 = 0,11 (mol); y/2

M Cx H y =

10,12 = 92 (g/mol) 0,11

x = 7; y = 8 => CTPT A: C7H8 (=4)

nC7 H8 = 0,225 (mol)

67 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
C7H8 + a Ag(NH3)2OH C7H8-aAga + 2a NH3 + a H2O 0,225 mol
M C7 H8a Aga = 92 + 107a = 306

0,225 mol => a = 2 => C7H8 c 2 ni ba u mch CH CH (1) (2) (3) (4)

Cc CTCT c th c ca A: HC HC HC HC CCH2CH2CH2C CCH(CH3)CH2C CC(CH3)2C CCH(C2H5)C CH CH

C7H8 + y HCl C7H8(HCl)y %Cl =

35,5y.100 = 59,66 => y=4 => C7H12Cl4 92 + 36,5 y

Cc CTCT c th c ca C: CH3CCl2CH2CH2CH2CCl2CH3 CH3CCl2CH(CH3)CH2CCl2CH3 CH3CCl2C(CH3)2CCl2CH3 CH3CCl2CH(C2H5)CCl2CH3 CTCT ca A: HC CC(CH3)2C CH (1) (2) (3) (4)

Ch c cng thc (3) l ph hp khi tc dng Br2 t l mol 1:1 cho 2 dn xut Bi 7: Hn hp X gm mt ankan v mt ankin c t l phn t khi tng ng l 22:13. t chy hon ton 0,2 mol hn hp X , thu c 22 gam CO2 v 9 gam H2O. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca ankan v ankin. (Trch th tuyn sinh i hc Cao ng nm 2005, khi B). Gii: t cng thc ca ankan l CnH2n+2 (n 1), vi s mol l x, cng thc ca ankin l CmH2m-2 (m 2), vi s mol l y. Ta c cc phng trnh: CnH2n+2 + x CmH2m-2 + y
3n + 1 O2 nCO2 + (n+1)H2O 2

(1)

nx

(n+1)x (2)

3m 1 O2 mCO2 + (m-1)H2O 2

my

(m-1)y

S mol CO2: 0,5 mol; S mol H2O: 0,5 mol

68 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Ta c: T (1), (2): x + y = 0,2 nx + my = 0,5 (3) (4) (5)

(n+1)x + (m-1)y = 0,5 T (3), (4) v (5), ta c : x = y = 0,1 n+m=5

V t l phn t khi ankan : ankin = 22 : 13

14n + 2 22 = 14m 2 13 22m 13n = 5

Gii ra, ta c: n = 3; m = 2 Vy cng thc phn t ca ankan l C3H8 v ankin C2H2 Bi 8: Trn hn hp X1 gm hirocacbon B vi H2 c d dX1/H2 = 4,8. Cho X1 i qua Ni nung nng n khi phn ng hon ton thu c hn hp X2 c dX2/H2 = 8. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca B v phn trm th tch cc kh trong X1 v X2. Gii: CnH2n+2-2k + kH2 CnH2n+2 a ka a Trong 1 mol hn hp u c a mol hirocacbon v b mol H2 Ta c: (14n+2-2k)a + 2b = 4,8 . 2 = 9,6 1 mol hn hp u tham gia sau cn x mol: 9,6/x = 16 nn x = 0,6 mol ( Khi lng trc v sau phn ng bng nhau ) S mol sau phn ng: a mol ankan; b ka mol H2.
a + b ka = 0,6 ka = 0,4 a + b = 1

(14n+2-2k)a + 2b = 9,6 Thay a + b =1; ka = 0,4 vo phng trnh trn: 14na + 2 0,8 = 8,4
na = 0,6 n 3 = B : C3 H 4 k 2 ka = 0,4

T , chng ta tnh c s mol cc kh trong X1, X2 suy ra c phn trm th tch ca chng trong 2 hn hp trn. Bi 9: Mt hn hp kh c khi lng 7,6 gam gm 2,24 lt mt hirocacbon mch thng A v 1,12 lt mt ankin B ktc. t chy hon ton hn hp trn ri cho ton b sn phm chy hp th ht trong dung dch Ba(OH)2 d th c 108,35 gam kt ta. Vit

69 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
cng thc phn t ca A v B, bit rng chng hn km nhau mt nguyn t cacbon trong phn t. Gii: A c cng thc CnH2n+2-2k; B c cng thc CmH2m-2 nA = 2,24 / 22,4 = 0,1 nB = 1,12 / 22,4 = 0,05 CnH2n+2-2k + 0,1 CmH2m-2 + 0,05 0,1n + 0,05m = 0,55 Bin lun: Cho n chy t 1 n 4, ta chn c nghim n =4 v m = 3 l nghim ph hp. V A, B l C4H10-2k v C3H4 C4H10-2k c MA = 58 2k C3H4 c MB = 40 Nn: (58-2k) 0,1 + 40 . 0,05 = 7,6 => k = 1. Vy A l C4H8 v B l C3H4 Bi 10: Cho 0,42 lt hn hp kh B gm hai hirocacbon mch h i rt chm qua bnh ng nc Br2 d. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thy c 0,28 lt kh i ra khi bnh v c 2 gam Br2 tham gia phn ng. Cc th tch kh o ktc. T khi hi ca B so vi H2 l 19. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t v s gam mi cht trong hn hp B. Gii: Trong hn hp kh B c 1 hirocacbon no vi s mol: n1 = 0,28/22,4 = 0,0125 mol V 1 hirocacbon khng no, vi s mol: n2 = (0,42-0,28)/22,4 = 0,00625 mol S mol Br2 tham gia phn ng: 0,0125 mol n2 : nBr2 = 0,00625 : 0,0125 = 1 : 2 Vy hirocacbon khng no l 1 ankin hoc ien. Gi CTPT ca hirocacbon no l CnH2n+2, ca hirocacbon khng no l CmH2m-2, ta c: dB/H2 =
0,0125(14n + 2) + 0,00625(14m 2) = 19 => m = 8 2n 2(0,0125 + 0,00625) 3n + 1 k O2 nCO2 + (n+1-k)H2O 2

0,1n
3m 1 O2 mCO2 + (m-1)H2O 2

0,05m => nCO2 = 0,55

nBaCO3 = 108,35 / 197 = 0,55

Bin lun: Cho n chy t 1 n 4, ta chn c cc cp cht thch hp:

70 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
C2H6 v C4H6 C3H8 v C2H2 Da vo s mol ca tng cht, ta tnh c khi lng ca mi cht trong tng cp. Bi 11: t chy 60cm3 hn hp ankin X, Y l hai ng ng lin tip nhau thu c 220cm3 CO2 (cc th tch kh o trong cng iu kin). Xc nh cng thc phn t X, Y v % v th tch mi cht trong hn hp. Gii: Ta c phng trnh phn ng: CnH2n-2 + V1 CmH2m-2 + V2
V1 + V2 = 60 nV1 + mV2 = 220

3n 1 O2 nCO2 + (n-1)H2O 2

nV1
3m 1 O2 mCO2 + (m-1)H2O 2

mV2

Bin lun: n, m t nht phi c s nguyn t C bng 2. Gi s: n < m: n ( V1 + V2 ) < nV1 + mV2 < m ( V1 + V2) 6n < 22 < 6m n < 3,7 < m n = 2, 3 m = 4, 5, 6, V l hai ng ng lin tip nn n = 3 v m = 4 Ta c cp: C3H4; C4H6 Thnh phn % V ca C3H4 v C4H6:
V1 + V2 = 6 3V1 + 4V2 = 22

Gii ra ta c: V1=2 chim 33,3% V2=4 chim 66,7% Bi 12: Mt hn hp A gm 0,12 mol C2H2 v 0,18 mol H2. Cho A qua Ni nung nng, phn ng khng hon ton v thu c hn hp kh B. Cho B qua bnh ng dung dch Br2 d, thu c hn hp kh thot ra X. t chy hon ton X ri cho ton b sn phm vo bnh cha dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thu c 12 gam kt ta v khi lng bnh tng

71 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
ln 8,88 gam. Tnh tng khi lng ca bnh dung dch Br2. ( thi tuyn sinh vo i hc Quc gia TP. H Ch Minh t 1 nm 1999). Gii: CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O nCO2 = nCaCO3 = 0,12 mol m bnh Ca(OH)2 = mCO2 + mH2O nH2O =
8,88 0,12.44 = 0,2 18

mX = mC + mH = 0,12.12 + 0,2.2 = 1,84g mBr2 = mA mX = 0,12.26 + 0,18.2 1,84 = 1,64g. Bi 13: 1 bnh kn dung tch 17,92 lt cha hn hp kh H2 v C2H2 ktc v 1 t Ni, nung nng bnh 1 thi gian sau a v ktc. a) Nu cho hn hp kh sau phn ng qua AgNO3 trong NH3 d thu c 2,4 gam kt ta vng , tm khi lng C2H2 cn li sau phn ng. b) Cho hn hp kh trong bnh sau phn ng qua Br2 thy bnh tng 0,82 gam , tm khi lng C2H4 to thnh. c) Tnh VC2H6 sinh ra v th tch H2 cn li sau phn ng , bit t khi ca hn hp trc phn ng so vi H2 bng 4 , bt Ni khng ng k. Gii: Sau phn ng c C2H6 v C2H2 d , H2 d. n trc = 0,8 mol; nAg2C2 = 0,01 => nC2H2 d = 0,01 => mC2H2 d = 0,26 mC2H4 + mC2H2 = 0,82 => mC2H4 = 0,56 M trc = 8 C2H2 + H2 C2H4 C2H2 + 2H2 C2H6 0,02.....0,02.......0,02 a..........2a...........a nH2 d = b mtrc = 6,4 = (0,01 + 0,02 + a).26 + (0,02 + 2a + b).2 0,02 + a + 0,01 + 0,02 + 2a + b =0,8 => a = 0,17 ; b = 0,24 VC2H6 = 3,808 lt ; VH2 = 5,376 lt Bi 14: Mt loi xng c thnh phn khi lng nh sau : hexan 43%, heptan 49,5%, pentan 1,8%, cn li l octan. Hy tnh xem cn phi hn hp 1,0 g xng ti thiu vi bao nhiu lt khng kh (ktc) m bo s chy c hn ton v khi to ra bao nhiu lt CO2? Gii: Trong 1 g hn hp xng c: 0,43g hexan (0,005 mol); 0,495 g heptan (0,00495 mol) 0,018 g pentan (0,00025 mol); 0,057g octan (0,0005 mol) T cc phng trnh ca phn ng chy Ta c: = (0,0475+0,05445+0,002+0,00625).22,4=2,47 lt

72 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Vkk= 5.2,47=12,34 (lt) = (0,03+0,03465+0,00125+0,004).22,4=1,57 lt Bi 15: Mt loi kh gas dng trong sinh hat c hm lng phn trm khi lng nh sau: butan 99,4% cn li l pentan. Khi t chy 1 mol mi cht trn gii phng mt nhit lng bng 2654 kJ; 3600kJ Tnh khi lng gas cn dng un si 1 lt nc (d=1g/ml) t 250C ln 1000C bit nng nhit ca 1g nc ln 10C cn 4,16J Gii: Lng nhit cn dng lm tng nhit ca 1000g nc t 250C ln 1000C l: 1000 Trong 100g kh gas trn c 99,4g butan v 0,6g pentan. Lng nhit ta ra khi t chy 100g kh gas l:

Vy lng kh gas cn dng l

(g)

Bi 16: Bng di y cho bit mt s c tnh l ha ca 3 loi kh ha lng thng phm (cha trong cc bnh gas) c tnh Khi lng(%): etan propan butan pentan D(g/ml) 150C p sut hi, kg/cm2 (400C) Propagas 1,7 96,8 1,5 0,0 0,507 13,5 Butagas 0,0 0,4 99,4 0,2 0,58 3,2 Propa-butagas 0,0 51,5 47,5 1,0 0,541 9,2

a) Hy gii thch s bin i khi lng ring , p sut hi t loi gas ny sang loi gas khc b) Hy tnh nhit lng ta ra khi t chy hon ton mi loi gas trn. Bit rng nhit ta ra khi t chy hon ton 1 mol etan, propan, buatn v pentan ln lt l 1560, 2219, 2877, 3536 kJ. c) Nhit lng ta ra khi t chy 1 mol mtan. etilen, axetilen ln lt bng 890, 1410, 1300 kJ. V sao dngaxetilen l nhin liu cho n x m khng dng mtan hoc etilen? Gii:

73 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
a) Propan c khi lng ring v nhit si thp hn butan v vy loi gas no c hm lng propan cao hn th s c khi lng ring thp hn v c p sut ring ln hn. b) 1kg propagas c 17g etan; 96,8g propan; 15g butan; 0,0g pentan Ta tnh c nhit lng ta ra khi t chy hon ton 1 kg propagas c:

Tng t vi 1kg butagas: 1kg propa-butagas: c) Do nhit lng ta khi t chy hon ton 1 mol axetilen ln hn so vi cc hirocacbon khc. Bi 17: Khi cho PVC tc dng vi Zn trong ru th tch ra c ZnCl2 v thu c polime c
cha 20,82% clo. Polime khng cha ni i v khng c tnh do nh PVC. Kt qu trn cho bit g v cu to ca polime mi thu c. Tnh % mc xch vinyl clorua b tch clo bi Zn.

Gii: PVC clo chim 66,8% (theo khi lng). Sau phn ng vi Zn, clo gim cn 20,82%,
lng clo gim nhiu m polime to thnh khng cha ni i. vy PVC c cu to u n, c mt nhm CH2- li n 1 nhm CHCl-, v nu c 2 nhm CHCl- cnh nhau th to ni i. Phn ng tch clo khi PVC c th biu din theo s :
CH2 CH Cl Cl CH CH2 CH2 CH Cl Cl CH 2 Zn CH CH2 CH2 CH CH CH2 CH2 CH CH2 2 ZnCl2

Trong polime to thnh, nu c x mc xch cn li 1 nguyn t clo th cng thc l [(C2H3)xCl-]n 35,5 Ta c: 27x + 35,5 = 0,2082 x = 5. Vy c 5 mc xch ch c 1 mc xch cn clo. Suy ra % s mc xch b loi clo l: .100% = 80%

Bi 18: Phn tch mt tecpen A c trong tinh du chanh thu c kt qu sau: C chim 88,235% v khi lng, phn t khi ca A l 136 (vC). A c kh nng lm mt mu dung dch Br2 theo t l mol 1:2, khng tc dng AgNO3/NH3. Ozon phn hon ton A to ra 2 sn phm hu c: anehit fomic v 3axetyl-6-on heptanal. Xc nh CTCT ca A. Xc nh s ng phn lp th (nu c). Gii: : t A: CxHy

74 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
x:y = 88,325/12 : 11,765 = 5:8 MA = 136 => CT thc nghim: (C5H8)n

=> CTPT A: C10H16 (=3) => A khng c ni ba u mch.

A tc dng Br2 theo t l mol 1:2 => A c 2 lin kt v 1 vng. A khng tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3 Ozon phn A to ra 2 sn phm hu c: anehit fomic v 3-axetyl-6-on heptanal CTCT A l:

CH3

A c C* nn s ng phn lp th l 2. Bi 19: Hp cht hu c B cha hai nguyn t c M < 250 g/mol. t chy hon ton m gam B thu c m gam H2O. B khng tc dng vi Br2 (xt Fe, t0); un nng hi B vi Br2 c chiu sng thu c mt dn xut monobrom duy nht. xc nh CTPT, CTCT v gi tn B. Gii: B l hirocavbon CxHy CxHy + (x + y/4) O2 x CO2 + y/2 H2O V mB = m H2O nn 12x + y = 9y
x : y = 2 : 3 (C2H3)n c MB < 250 nn n < 9,3

V B khng tc dng vi Br2/ Fe, tc dng vi Br2/ as to mt sn phm th monobrom duy nht nn CTCT ca B l:
CH3 H3C H3C CH3 CH3 CH3

Hexametylbenzen

Bi 20: Mt hidrocacbon A i xng l cht kh iu kin thng thu c t cracking du m cha 85,7% cacbon v khi lng (c th b qua ng phn hnh hc ca A). Nu thm HBr vo A thu c hp cht B. Bit B phn ng vi KCN to thnh C v phn ng vi KOH to thnh D. Thy phn C to thnh E v oxi ha D bi H2O2 to thnh H. Cho D phn ng vi H2SO4 c nhng iu kin khc nhau to thnh 4 sn phm khc nhau: mt cht c trong s cc cht trn v 3 cht cn li l F, G, I. Bit H l mt dung mi cho sn v c dng loi parafin ca du bi trn. H phn ng vi phenylhirazin to thnh K. a) Xc nh cng thc cu to ca tt c cc cht. Vit phng trnh phn ng. b) Vit cc ng phn quang hc ca C, xc nh R, S.

75 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Gii: a) Xc nh cng thc cu to cc cht:
(A) (1) Br (B) (2) CN (C) (4) COOH (E) (H) (10) (A) (K) N NH (D) (5) O (9) (8) O (3) OH (6) O (7) O S O O (G) OSO3H (F)

(I )

Cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra:

Br (1) Br (2) Br (3) CN (4)
OH (5) + H2O2

+ HBr CN + KCN OH + KOH COOH + 2H2O + H+

O + 2H2O

+ KBr

+ KBr

+ NH4+

76 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
OH (6) + H2SO4 H2SO4, t
o

OSO3H + H2O O

OH (7) 2 + H2SO4 OH (8) 2 H2SO4, to H2SO4, to

S O O + 2H2O

+ H2O

OH (9) O (10) + H2N NH H2SO4, to + H2O N NH + H2O

b) Cc ng phn quang hc ca C:
CH3
(S)

CH3
(R)

NC H

C2H5

C2H5

CN H

Bi 21: t chy hon ton a gam hn hp hai ankan A, B hn km nhau k nguyn t Cacbon th thu c b gam kh CO2 a) Tm khong xc nh ca s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t ankan c cha t nguyn t cacbon theo a, b, k b) Cho a = 2,72 gam; b = 8,36 gam; k = 2. Tm CTPT ca A, B v tnh % khi lung ca mi ankan trong hn hp. c) Trong s cc ng phn A, B c ng phn no khi tc dng vi Cl2 theo t l mol 1: 1 ch cho 1 sn phm duy nht? gi tn ng phn . Gii: a) t cng thc v s mol ca 2 ankan trong hn hp ln lt l: (A) CnH2n+2 (x mol) v (B) CmH2m+2 (y mol) ca hn hp l
+2 +2

( l s C trung bnh ca hai ankan)

O2

CO2 + ( +1) H2O (1) mol

1 mol mol

mol

77 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon

V n <

<m=n+k

n<

< n+k hay n=5

< n<

(*)

b) Th a, b, k vo (*) ta c 4,3< n< 6,3 -

Nu n=5

A: C5H12 v B: C7H16

m hn hp =72x+100y=2,72 =5x+7y= C5H12=

-

=>x=0,01 v y=0,02
;

% C7H16= 100- 26,47=73,55%

Nu n=6 A: C6H14 v B: C8H18

m hn hp =86x+114y=2,72 =6x+8y= C6H14= => x=0,025 v y=0,005

;

% C8H18= 100- 79,04=20,96%

c) Trong s cc ng phn ca A ch c neo-pentan khi tc dng vi Cl2 theo t l 1:1 ch cho 1 sn phm duy nht. Trong cc ng phn ca B ch c 2,2,3,3-tetrametylbutan khi tc dng vi Cl2 theo t l 1:1 ch cho 1 sn phm duy nht. Bi 22: Mt hn hp X gm 2 hhirocacbon A, B vi MB MA= 24. Cho H2O. =1,8. t chy hon ton V lt hn hp trn thu c 11,2 lt CO2 v 8,1 gam

a) Tnh V bit th tch cc kh o ktc b) Cn phi dng bao nhiu gam ru etylic iu ch lng hn hp 2 hirocacbon ban u, bit B l 1 ankaien lin hp. Gii:
a) Ta c MB MA= 24 v

= 1,8

MA= 30 (C2H6) v MB= 54 (C4H6)

C2H6 + O2 2CO2 + 3H2O (1) a mol C4H6 + 2a mol 3a mol

O2 4CO2 + 3H2O (1)

78 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
b mol 4a mol 3a mol mol; = 11,5 gam = 3a+3b= Vhh= 3,36 lt mol

= 2a+4b=
b)

a=0,05 mol; b=0,1 mol;

Bi 23: Hn hp X gm 2 ankan l A v B lin tip nhau trong dy ng ng, c t khi hi so vi He l 16,6. Xc nh CTPT ca A, B v xc nh % th tch ca chng trong hn hp. Gii: V u l hai ankan nn c th thay hn hp 2 hirocacbon bng cng thc mt cht tng ng (CTPTTB) l l s C trung bnh ca hai ankan) +2 ( Ta c =14 +2=16,6.4 = 4,6

Gi s cng thc 2 ankan (A) CnH2n+2 v (B) CmH2m+2 (vi n<m) Ta c n < <m=n+1 , v m, n N nn n=4; m=5

Do A l C4H10 (a mol); B l C5H12 (b mol) = Vy %V = 16,6.4=66,4 = = ; %V = 60%

Bi 24: Nhit phn 8,8gam C3H8 ta thu c hn hp kh A Gi s c 2 phn ng : C3H8 C3H8 C3H6 + H2 (2) , bit c 90% C3H8 b nhit phn C2H4 + CH4 (1)

a) Tnh

b) t chy hon ton hn hp A cn bao nhiu lt O2 (ktc). Tnh khi lng sn phm CO2 v H2O thu c. c) Cho hn hp kh A qua nc Brm d, ton b hirocacbon khng no b gi li, cn li hn hp kh B bit dB/H2= 7,3 Xc nh thnh phn hn hp B. Gii: a) Gi x, y ,z ln lt l s mol C3H8 tham gia phn ng (1), (2) v cn li. PT: C3H8 (mol) x C2H4 + CH4 (1) x C3H8 C3H6 + H2 (2) y y y

79 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
n (ban u) = mol => n (lc sau) = mol

x+y= 0,2-0,022=0.18 mol Theo LBTKL ta c mA= nA= = + = 23,16 bng s mol chy b= 8,8 gam (d) + + + = 2x+2y+z =2.0,18 + 0,02= 0,38 mol

b) Theo nh lut bo ton nguyn t , s mol C v s mol H trong

C v H trong hn hp kh A v PT: C3H8+ 5O2 (mol) 0,2 =22,4 lt; = 2.7,3= 14,6 Qua nc brom ton b hirocacbon khng no b gi li, cn li: x(mol) CH4, y (mol) H2 v 0,02 mol d. = Ta c Vy thnh phn B gm: 0,12 mol CH4, 0,12 mol C2H4, 0,06 mol H2 v 0,06 mol C3H8. Bi 25: t chy hon ton 560 cm3 hn hp kh (ktc) gm 2 hirocacbon c cng s nguyn t C v cho cc sn phm ln lt qua bnh (1) ng P2O5 v bnh (2) ng dung dch KOH c d. Sauk hi kt thc th nghim thy khi lng bnh (1) tng thm 1,9125g v bnh (2) tng 4,4g. Xc nh CTPT ca cc hirocacbon trn. Gii: t CT 2 hirocacbon l CxHy v CxHy CTPTTB ca chng l nguyn t H trung bnh ca hn hp) Pt: 1 mol hn hp chy to ra + O2 xCO2 + H2O 9 (g) ( l s = = 14,6 0,1 sinh ra do hn hp A chy = 3CO2 + 4H2O 0,6 0,8 =11,4 gam =0,6.44=26,4 gam; v sinh ra do

c) Thnh phn hn hp B

44x(g)

80 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
0,025 mol hn hp x= Gi s y<y th 2 V y, y 4; = < =8,5 <y 8,5 2.4+2=10 4,4g 1,9125g

2.x+2, do y, y lun nguyn v chn ta c: y=10 v y c th l 2, 4, 6, 8.

Nh vy c 4 cp hirocacbon tha iu kin bi C4H10 v C4H2 ; C4H10 v C4H4; C4H10 v C4H6 ;C4H10 v C4H8. Bi 26: Cho 1 hn hp lng gm ru etylic v 2 hirocacbon l ng ng lin tip. Chia hn hp thnh 2 phn bng nhau, lm bay hi ht phn 1 , th tch hi ca n bng th tch ca 1,32 gam kh CO2 o cng iu kin nhit , p sut. t chy ht phn 2 cn lng O2 thu c bng cch nhit phn hon ton 92,34gam KMnO4.Cho sn phm chy ln lt i qua bnh 1 ng H2SO4 c bnh 2 ng Ba(OH)2 d. Sau th nghim khi lng bnh 1 tng 3,915g, bnh 2 c khi lng kt ta trng l 36,9375g. Xc nh CTPT ca 2 hirocacbon v tnh % theo khi lng mi cht trong hn hp ban u. Gii: t CTPTTB ca 2 hirocacbon l hirocacbon)= b(mol) phn 1 n(1 phn)= a+b= = = 0,03 (mol) =0,2175 mol ; s mol C2H5OH =a(mol); n(2

= tng khi lng bnh 1= 3,915(g) CO2 + Ba(OH)2 = BaCO3 + H2O (1)

= 0,1875 mol

phn 2 c PTP sau 2KMnO4 K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 (2) 2CO2 + 3H2O (3) + = = 0,2925 mol O2 CO2 + H2O (4)

C2H5OH + 3O2

Theo nh lut bo ton nguyn t: = nO( trong ru)= nO( trong 0,2925.2= 0,0075 mol
)

- nO( dng t)

a= (0,1825.2+ 0,2175)-

81 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
b= 0,03- 0,0075= 0,0225 mol Vy = = = 7,66 = 17,3 S H => S C trong 2 hirocacbon l 7 v 8

V s H trong nguyn t hirocacbon lun chn v v l ng ng lin tip trong 2 hirocacbon l 16 v 18 Vy CTPT 2 hirocacbon l t n =b1 mol ; n =b1 mol = 7b1 + 8b2= 0,1875- 2.0,0075=0,1725 ta c b1 + b2 = 0,0225 mol; b1= 0,0075; b2= 0,015

; Bi 27: Mt s hirocacbon mch h kin tip trong dy ng ng c tng khi lng phn t l 648. Cho bit t s khi lng gia phn cht nng nht vi nh nht l 8. a) Xc nh dy ng dng ca hirocacbon trn b) Tm CTPT cc hirocacbon ng ng lin tip Gii: Gi n l s hirocacbon ng ng lin tip, M1 l khi lng phn t nh nht , Mn l khi lng phn t nng nht Ta c Mn= 8M1= M1 + (n-1).14 7M1= 14(n-1) (*) Sn =n nM1 = 144 T (*) v(**) = 648 9nM1 = 1296 M1 = 144 : n (**) 2n2 -2n-144= 0 n=9

a) M1 = 144 : 9= 16, hirocacbon nh nht ch c th l CH4. Dy ng ng cca 9 hirocacbon trn l dy ng ng ca ankan.

82 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
b) CTPT l: CH4;

Bi 28: Mt hn hp A gm nhiu hirocacbon mch h. Khi cho m gam A tc dng vi dung dch nc brom 0,2M th ch c 175ml dung dch brom phn ng v cn li hn hp hirocacbon B. Trong B c t hn trong A hai hp cht. t chy hon ton hn hp B thu c 6,16 gam CO2 v 4,572 gam hi nc. Nu t chy hon ton m gam A thu c 9,68gam CO2 v 6,012 gam H2O. C th xc nh nhng hirocacbon no trong hn hp A, bit rng trong hn hp ca 2 cht phn ng vi nc brom th hirocacbon c khi lng phn t nh hn chim di 90% s mol. Gii: Trong hn hp B phi c nhiu ankan mch h c CT CnH2n+2 nankan= nnc = = 0,114 mol = 19,19 => trong B phi cha CH4

mankan= mC + mH = 12.0,14+ 2.0,254 = 2,188 g =>

*Trong A phi cha 2 hirocacbon khng no. Khi 2 hirocacbon khng no ny chy sinh ra = 9,68- 9,16=3,52 gam 0,08 mol Nhn thy = = 0,08 mol = =

2 hirccacbon khng no u thuc loi anken

nanken = nbrom = 0,175. 0,2= 0,035 mol m2 anken = mC + mH = (12 +2).0,08= 1,12 gam = 32 x+y=0 035 28x+ 14ym= 1,12 y= y> y= theo bi ta c % = 0,0035 mol 0,0035 mol < 4,357 m=3 hoc m=4 < 90% nn % > 10% tng s mol 2 anken trong A phi c C2H4 (28)

t CTPT anken th hai l CmH2m (m>2), s mol C2H4 v CmH2m ln lt l x, y ta c:

Vy anken th hai l C3H6 hay C4H8 Nh vy trong A ban u nht thit phi cha CH4, C2H4 , C3H6 hoc C4H8 . Cc ankan cn li trong A khng xc nh c.

83 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Bi 29: Khi clo ha 96 gam mt hirocacbon no mch h to ra ba sn phm th ln lt cha 1, 2, 3 nguyn t clo. T l th tch ca cc sn phm kh v hi l 1:2:3. T khi hi ca sn phm th cha hai nguyn t clo i vi hiro l 42,5. Tm thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca hn hp sn phm. Gii: CnH2n+2 + Cl2 CnH2n+2 + 2Cl2 CnH2n+2 + 3Cl2 Ta c: Do n=1 CnH2n+1Cl + HCl CnH2nCl2 + 2HCl CnH2n-1Cl3 + 3HCl = 14n + 71=2.42,5=85 CTPT ca hirocacbon l CH4 (phn ng)= =6( mol)

Tng s mol 3 dn xut = C th vit 6CH4 + 14Cl2 6 mol Khi lng sn phm th: = 2.85=170(g)

CH3Cl + 14HCl + 2CH2Cl2 +3CHCl3 1 mol =50,5(gam) 2 mol 3 mol = 3.119,5=358,5 (gam)

Tng khi lng sn phm th= 579(gam) Thnh phn phn trm khi lng cc sn phm th %CH3Cl= .100=8,7%; %CH2Cl2= .100=29,4%; %CHCl3= .100=61,9%

Bi 30: Tm cng thc dn xut clo ca mt hirocacbon no mch h bit: -T khi hi ca dn xut vi khng kh l 2,241 -Phn tch 3,255 gam dn xut c mt AgNO3 thu c 7,175 gam kt ta. Gii: M dn xut= 2,241.29=64,989 S mol dn xut = mol

Gi CT ca dn xut l CnH2n+2-mClm CnH2n+2-mClm mAgCl 1 mol m mol

84 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
0,05 mol CT dn xut C2H5Cl Bi 31: t chy hon ton 10,4(g) HCB c CO2 v H2O. Ton b sn phm cho qua bnh dung dch Ca(OH)2 thy c 40 (g) kt v khi lng dung dch sau phn ng tng ln 2,4 (g). Nu cho tip KOH vo dung dch sau phn ng c thm 40 (g) kt ta na. Bit dA/H2 = 52. Xc nh CTPT, CTCT A bit 3,12 (g) A phn ng ht 4,8 (g) Br2 hoc ti a 2,688(l) H2 (ktc). Gii: Gi cng thc ca Hioccbon A l : CxHy CxHy +( x + y/4)O2 -> xCO2 + y/2H2O CO2 + Ca(HO)2 -> CaCO3 + H2O (1) 0,4 0,4 0,2 Ta c: Ta c: => mH2O = 0,4 0,2 0,2 nCO2 = 0,4 + 0,4 = 0,8 mol => mCO2 = 0,8 x 44 = 35,2 (g) m(bnh) = mCO2 + mH2O - m kt ta 1 m (bnh) + m kt ta 1 - mCO2 = 2,4 + 40 - 35,2 = 7,2 (g) 2CO2 + Ca(OH)2 -> Ca(HCO3)2 (2) Ca(HCO3)3 + 2KOH -> K2CO3 + CaCO3 + H2O => m= => n=2

Dn xut c M=14n+1+35,5=64,5

=> mC = 0,8 x 12 = 9,6 (g) , mH = 7,2/9 = 0,8 (g) => x:y = 9,6/12: 0,8/1 = 1:1 => CTTN l: (CH)n mt khc dA/H2 = 52 => MA = 104 => 13 n = 104 => n = 8 => CTPT A: C8H8 Ta c: nA = 3,12/ 104 = 0.03 (mol) , nBr2 = 4,8/160 = 0,03 (mol) nH2 = 2,688/22,4 = 0,12 (mol) V: A phn ng vi H2 theo t l 1:4 A phn ng vi Br2 theo t l 1:1 C A c dng CTCT l:

85 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Bi 32: Cho 10g mt cht A c thnh phn 5,0g cacbon ; 1,25g hiro ; 3,75g Al. 0,12g A phn ng vi nc d, to ra 0,112dm3 kh B (kc) v kt ta trng C. C tan trong NaOH v HCl long. t chy 10cm3 cht B cn 20cm3 oxi to ra CO2 v H2O. Xc nh cng thc phn t v cng thc cu to ca A, B, C. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. Gii: Gi cng thc ca A l : CxHyAlz Tm c CTPT ca A l : C3H9Al. C3H9Al + H2O B + C nA = 0,12 : 72 = 1,67.10-3 (mol) nB = 0,112 : 22,4 = 5.10-3 (mol) nA: nB = 1 : 3 1 mol A tc dng vi nc to ra 3 mol B. C tan trong NaOH v HCl C l Al(OH)3 Al(OH)3 + 3HCl AlCl3 + 3H2O Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + 2H2O B l CH4. C3H9Al + 3H2O 3CH4 + Al(OH)3 CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O Vy CTCT ca A l : Al(CH3)3. nA(p) = 2,19/146 = 0,015 (mol) nNaOH = 0,1 . 0,3 = 0,03 (mol) => nNaOH : nNa = 2 : 1 => A c nhn benzen - Ta c : 1A + 2NaOH 1 mui - A lm mt mu dd Br2 =>A c lin kt trong nhnh

NaOH B

axit hoa C

1)O3 2 )H 2O2/H +

COOH + HOOC OH COOH

-Vy : A l este vng ca phenol

86 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
CH=CH C=O O

=> CTCT A : Phng trnh phn ng :

CH=CH C=O + Br2 O CH=CH C=O + NaOH 2 O

CHBrCHBr C=O O CH=CHCOONa

+ H2O
ONa

CH=CHCOONa + H2SO4 ONa

CH=CHCOOH OH
1)O3 2 )H 2O2/H +

CH=CHCOOH + Na2SO4 OH
COOH + HOOC OH COOH

Bi 33: Trong mt bnh kn dung tch V lt ( t0C, p sut P) cha mt t bt Ni xc tc v hn hp kh A gm 2 anken l ng ng k tip v H2 vi th tch tng ng l a, b, 2b lt, bit b=0,25V. Nung nng bnh mt thi gian sau a v nhit ban u ta c hn hp B, p sut trong bnh lc ny l P1. a) Bit t khi hi ca B so vi A bng m. Hi m c gi tr trong khong no? b) Tnh khong gi tr ca P1 theo P. c) Nu P1=0,75P th thnh phn % v th tch ca cc kh trong B bng bao nhiu? Bit rng hiu sut cc phn ng ca anken vi H2 u bng nhau. Gii:
a) Gi n l s nguyn t C trung bnh ca 2 anken. Cng thc tng ng ca 2 anken l Cn H 2 n .

a+b+2b=V vi b=0,25V => a=b=0,25V Th tch Cn H 2 n : a+b=0,5V , th tch H2: 2b=0,5V

Ni Cn H 2 n + 2 Phn ng: Cn H 2 n + H2 t
0

Gi x (lt) l th tch H2 tham gia phn ng.

87 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
VB=V-x, mA=mB. Do : m=dB/A=MB/BA=nA/nB=VA/VB=V/(V-x) iu kin ca X: 0 x 0,5x Khong xc nh ca m: 1 m 2 b) Trong bnh kn dung tch khng i, nhit khng i th:
PA nA VA = = PB nB VB P V V x = .P => P 1 = P V x V 1

=>

Khong gi tr ca P: 0,5P P1 P c) Khi P1=0,75P Vi P 1 =

V x .P = 0, 75P => x=0,25V V
2 (B)

VB=V-0,25V=0,75V; VH

=0,5V-0,25V=0,25V => % VH =0,25/0,75=33,33%

2

V lc u 2 anken c th tch bng nhau, phn ng nh nhau nn cn li nh nhau, th tch 2 ankan to thnh nh nhau %V mi anken = (0,5V-0,25V)/(2*0,75V)=16,7% %V mi ankan = 0,25V/(2*0,75V)=16,7% Bi 34: Hn hp kh X iu kin thng gm mt ankan v 2 anken A v B c tng s mol l 0,6. t chy kh trn thu c 70,4g CO2, cn khi cho X i qua bnh nc Br2 tch ring ly ankan v em clo ha th thu c hn hp sn phm Y cha 1,2,3,4,5 clo vi t l th tch ca chng trng thi hi l 1:2:3:4:5. Bit sn phm cha 5 clo ca ankan (sn phm E) c t khi hi so vi anken B l 3,6161, lng Br2 phn ng ht vi hai anken l 48 gam. Hy cho bit: a) Hn hp kh X c th gm nhng hirocacbon no? b) S mol ca tng sn phm cha clo ca ankan. c) T l th tch ca cc hirocacbon trong X. Gi thit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, cc kh v hi o cng iu kin nhit v p sut. Gii: a) B: CxH2x; x=4, n=2 E: CnH2n-3Cl5; ME=14n+174,5=3,6161*14x => Ankan: C2H6 v anken B: C4H8 => nC H =0,6-0,3=0,3 (mol)
2 6

V hn hp kh nn ch c th l: C2H6, C3H6, C4H8 hoc C2H6, C2H4, C4H8 b) nanken= nBr =0,3 (mol)
2

88 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
nC H Cl =0,3*1/15=0,02 (mol); nC H Cl =0,04 (mol); nC H Cl =0,06 (mol); nC H Cl =0,08 (mol); nC HCl =0,1 (mol);
2 5 2 4 2 2 3 3 2 2 4 2 5

c) t chy hn hp: C2H6 2CO2; C2H4 2CO2; C3H6 3CO2; C4H8 4CO2 Gi b,c ln lt l s mol A v C4H8 Nu A l C2H4: nCO =2*0,3+2b+4c=1,6; nBr =b+c=0,3
2 2

b=0,1 ; c=0,2 -

T l nC H : nC H : nC H =3:1:2
2 6 2 4 4 8 2 2

Nu A l C3H6: nCO =2*0,3+3b+4c=1,6; nBr =b+c=0,3 T l nC H : nC H : nC H =3:2:1

2 6 2 4 4 8

b=0,2 ; c=0,1

Bi 35: Trong mt bnh kn cha etilen v H2, mt t bt Ni ktc. t nng bnh mt thi gian sau lm lnh bnh ti 00C th p sut trong bnh l P atm. T khi hi ca hn hp kh trong bnh trc v sau phn ng l 7,5 v 9. Gii thch s chnh lch v t khi hi v tnh % th tch mi kh trong bnh trc v sau phn ng. Tnh P. Gii: a) Qua Ni, s mol hn hp gim => nt>ns => mt=ms Qua Ni, hm lng C, H khng i

Do : M t = mt/nt v M s = ms/ns th M t < M s nn dt < ds b) Gi s hn hp trc phn ng l 1 mol, nC H = x mol; nH = 1-x mol
2 4 2

M t = 28x + 2*(1-x) =15

=> x=0,5

% VC H = % VH = 50%
2 4 2

Gi s trong 0,5 mol C2H4 c y mol tham gia phn ng C2H4 + H2 C2H6 y y y (mol) Hn hp sau c : y mol C2H6, 0,5-y mol C2H4, 0,5-y mol H2
Ms =
30 y + 28*(0,5 y) + 2*(0,5 y) =18 1 y
6

=> y=1/6 mol

0,5 1/ 6 .100% = 40% 1 1/ 6

% VC H =
2

1/ 6 .100% = 20%; 1 1/ 6

% VC H =
2 4

c) p sut P: Ps = Pt*ns/nt = 1.

5/6 = 5/6 (atm) 1

Bi 36: Khi cracking 35 lt butan nhit v p sut thch hp, thu c 67 lt hn hp kh A theo 3 phn ng:

89 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
C4H10 CH4 + C3H6 C4H10 C2H6 + C2H4 C4H10 H2 + C4H8 Chia A lm 2 phn bng nhau: Phn 1 cho t t qua dung dch Br2 d, cn li hn hp kh B khng b hp th. Tch hn hp kh B c 3 hirocacbon B1, B2, B3 theo th t khi lng phn t tng dn. t chy B1, B2, B3 thu c nhng th tch CO2 c t l tng ng l 1:3:1. Phn 2 cho phn ng hp H2O thu c hn hp C gm 2 ancol khc nhau.

a) Tnh % th tch cc cht trong A. b) Tnh % C4H10 tham gia phn ng. c) Tnh khi lng ca hn hp C. (Gi thit cc phn ng vi Br2, v phn ng hp H2O xy ra hon ton, th tch kh o ktc). Gii: a) Phn ng cracking: C4H10 CH4 + C3H6 C4H10 C2H6 + C2H4 C4H10 H2 + C4H8 Phn ng hn hp A qua dung dch Br2: C3H6 + Br2 C3H6Br2 C2H4 + Br2 C2H4Br2 C4H8 + Br2 C4H8Br2 Phn ng chy ca cc kh cn li: CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O C2H6 + 7/2O2 2CO2 + 3H2O H2 + 1/2O2 H2O C4H10 + 13/2O2 4CO2 + 5H2O Gi x, y, z, t ln lt l th tch C4H10 b cracking v d: Ta c h phng trnh:

90 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
x + y + z + t = 35 2 x + 2 y + 2 z + t = 67 x = 12; y = 18; z = 2; t = 3 0,5 x : y : t = 1: 3 :1

Vy: % VCH = % VC H = 17,91%

4 3 6

% VC H = % VC H = 26,87%
2 6 2 4

% VH = % VC H = 2,98%
2 4 8

% VC H = 4,48%
4 10

b) % VC4 H10 tham gia phn ng =

35 3 .100% = 91, 43% 35

c) Khi lng hn hp C: C2H4 + H2O C2H4OH C3H6 + H2O C3H6OH C4H8 + H2O C4H8OH
mC = 46. 18 12 2 + 60. + 74. = 37,86( g ) 2* 22, 4 2* 22, 4 2* 22, 4

Bi 37: Khi un si mt ancol vi H2SO4 m c 1700C ngi ta thu c 3 anken c CTPT C6H12. Khi hiro ha cc anken th u thu c 2-metylpentan. a) Ancol cho c th c CTCT nh th no? b) Vit cc PTP xy ra. c) Vit CTCT v gi tn theo danh php IUPAC cc anken to thnh. Gii: a) Ancol kh nc to ra anken => Ancol no, n, h Sn phm kh H2O to ra 3 anken ng phn c th l mt trong hai trng hp sau: Ancol bc 3: c 3 cch kh H2O to ba anken ng phn Ancol bc 2: c hai cch kh H2O to ba anken trong c 2 anken l ng phn hnh hc.
CH CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3

Theo gi thit, ba anken cng H2 ta u thu c 2-metylpentan

CH3

Ch c ancol bc 2 l ph hp: 2-metylpentan-2-ol

91 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
b) + c)
CH3 CH CH CH2 CH3
H2SO4(d) 180 C
0

CH3

C CH3

CH

CH2

CH3

CH3 OH
CH3 CH CH CH2 CH3

+ H2O

2-metylpent-2-en
H2SO4(d) 180 C
0

CH3

CH CH3

CH

CH

CH3

CH3 OH (CH3)2 CH C H C H CH3

+ H2O

(CH3)2

CH C H C

H CH3

cis-4-metyl-pen-2-en

trans-4-metyl-pen-2-en

Bi 38: Hn hp kh Y gm mt hirocacbon B mch h v H2 c t khi so vi metan bng 0,5. Nung nng hn hp Y c bt Ni xc tc n phn ng hon ton thu c hn hp kh Z c t khi so vi O2 bng 0,5. Xc nh CTPT ca B, tnh % th tch ca hn hp Y v hn hp Z. Gii: t CTPT ca B l: CnH2n+2-2k (k n 4)
dY / CH 4 = 0,5 d Z / O2 = 0,5

=> M Y = 16.0,5 = 8 => M Z = 32.0,5 = 16

0

Ni .t CnH2n+2-2k + kH2 CnH2n+2

M Z = 16

=> Cn d H2 sau phn ng cng H2

Gi s trong 1 mol hn hp Y c: y mol CnH2n+2-2k, 1-y mol H2. Khi mY=8 (g) nhhgim = nH2p = ky (mol) Z gm CnH2n+2 v H2 nZ = 1-ky (mol); mZ = 16(1-ky) (g) Theo LBTKL ta c mY = mZ 8=16(1-ky) => ky = 0,5 (mol) Nu k=1 => y = 0,5 (mol); nH = 0,5 (mol)
2

0,5.MB + 2.0,5 = 8 => MB = 14 (CH2: loi) Nu k=2 => y = 0,25 (mol); nH = 0,75 (mol)
2

0,25.MB + 2.0,75 = 8
2 2

=> MB = 26 (C2H2: nhn)

2

Trong Y: % VC H = 25%; % VH = 75%

92 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Trong Z: % VC H = 50%; % VH = 50%
2 6 2

Nu k=3 => y = 0,176 (mol); nH = 0,833 (mol)

2

0,176.MB + 2.0,833 = 8

=> MB = 38 (C3H2: loi)

2

Nu k=4 => y = 0,125 (mol); nH = 0,875 (mol) 0,125.MB + 2.0,875 = 8

4 2

=> MB = 50 (C4H2: nhn)

2

Trong Y: % VC H = 12,5%; % VH = 87,5% Trong Z: % VC H = 25%; % VH = 75%

4 10 2

Bi 39: Nung nng hn hp kh X gm H2, C2H2, C2H4 c Ni xc tc thu c 5,6 lt (ktc) hn hp kh Y c t khi hi i vi hi ro bng 12,2. t chy hon ton hn hp X ri hp th ton b sn phm chy vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d to ra kt ta. Tnh khi lng kt ta to thnh, bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gii: MY = 12,2.2 = 22,4
2

=> Hn hp Y cn H2 => Hn hp Y: C2H6, H2

6 2

MY = 22,4 v nY = 0,25 (mol) => nC H = 0,2 (mol); nH = 0,05 (mol) Khi t hn hp Y thu c sn phm c: nCO = 2 nC H = 0,4 (mol)
2 2 6

Khi cho CO2 vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d: CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O
mCaCO3 = 0,4.100 = 40 (g)

Bi 40: Thuc cha gh DEP (ietyl phtalat) c iu ch t ngun nguyn liu u l naphtalen theo s sau:
O O2(kk), VO, 460-480oC H=75% C O C O
O C O C O 2C2H5OH H2SO4 H=75% COOC2H5 H2O (2) COOC2H5

spp

(1)

Tnh khi lng naphtalen v ru etylic iu ch 100kg thuc DEP. Gii: Theo (2) khi lng anhidrit phtalic cn:
148.100.100 = 78, 43kg 222.85

93 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Theo (1) khi lng naphtalen cn:
128.78, 43.100 = 89, 25kg 148.76 2.46.100.100 = 48, 75kg 222.85

Theo (2) khi lng ru etylic cn: Khi lng than cn:

1.89, 25 = 35, 7 tn 2,5

Bi 41: Mt loi xng c cha 4 ankan vi thnh phn s mol nh nhau: heptan (10%), octan (50%), nonan (30%) v ecan (10%). a) Khi dng loi xng ny chy ng c mt v t cn trn hi xng v khng kh theo t l th tch nh th no phn ng chy xy ra va ht? b) Mt xe my chy 100km tiu th ht 1,5kg xng ni trn. Tnh xem khi chy 100km, chic xe my tiu th bao nhiu lt oxi ca khng kh, thi ra bao nhiu lt CO2, thi ra mt lng nhit bng bao nhiu? Gi thit nng lng gii phng khi t chy nhin liu c 80% chuyn thnh c nng, cn li chuyn thnh nhit thi ra mi trng . Th tch kh o 27,3oC, 1atm. Gii: a) 1 mol xng c 0,1 mol C7H16, 0,5 mol C8H18, 0,3 mol C9H20, 0,1 mol C10H22. t CTPT trung bnh ca xng l Cn H 2n +2 Phn ng chy ca hi xng: Cn H 2n +2 + (3n + 1) / 2 O2 nCO2 + (n + 1) H 2O Th tch O2 cn t chy 1lt hi xng: T l th tch:
Vxang Vkk = 1 65,5 1500 = 12,542 ( mol ) 119, 6 3.8, 4 + 1 = 13,1(lit ) =>Vkk = 5.13,1 = 65,5(lt) 2

b) S mol xng trong 1500 gam xng:

Cn H 2 n + 2 + (3n + 1) / 2 O2 nCO2 + (n + 1) H 2O 12,542 164, 3 105,35 ( mol )

VO2 =

164,3.0, 08205.(273 + 27,3) = 4048,3(lit ) 1 105,35.0, 08205.(273 + 27,3) = 2595, 78(lit ) 1

VCO2 =

Nhit to thnh khi t chy 1,5 kg xng: 12,542 . 5337,8 = 66946,69 kJ Lng nhit thi ra kh quyn: 0,2 . 66946,69 = 13389,34 kJ

94 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Bi 42: Cht lng xng ca ng c t trong c xc nh bi tc chy ca hn hp hi xng v khng kh. Khi tc chy khng iu ho th trong ng c c hin tng kch n , lm cho ng c b git lm gim hiu sut bin nng lng ca phn ng chy thnh c nng. Ngi ta nhn thy cc hidrocacbon mch thng trong xng c khuynh hng gy ra hin tng kch n, cn cc hidrocacbon mch nhnh trong xng c khuynh hng chy iu ha, Khi cht lng xng c nh gi qua ch s octan. Xng c cht lng tiu chun khi ch s octan bng 100, ngha l xng tiu chun c gi thit l c thnh phn ch gm hon ton cht 2,2,4-trimetylpentan. Nu xng ch gm ton l n-heptan th c nh gi l c ch s octan bng 0. Theo cch nh gi nh vy ch s octan ca benzen l 106, ca toluene l 120. a) Vit cng thc cu to ca 2,2,4-trimetylpentan v n-heptan. b) Mt loi xng c thnh phn khi lng nh sau: octan: 57%, n-heptan: 26%, benzene: 7,8%, toluene: 0,2%. Hy vit phng trnh ha hc ca cc phn ng chy ca xng trong ng c t trong v tnh t l th tch hi v th tch khng khsi cn trn ln trong ng c. c) Tnh ch s octan ca loi xng cho. Gii:
a)
CH3 CH3-C-CH2-CH-CH3 : 2,2,4-trimetylpentan CH3 CH3 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 : n-heptan

b) t CTPT trung bnh ca xng l Cn H m

n = 8.0,57 + 7.0, 26 + 6.0, 078 + 7.0, 092 = 7, 492 m = 18.0,57 + 16.0, 26 + 6.0, 078 + 8.0, 092 = 15, 624

Phng trnh phn ng chy ca xng: Cn H m + (n + m / 4)O2 nCO2 + m / 2 H 2O

VO
2

Vxang

n+m/ 4 = 7, 492 + 15, 624 / 4 = 11,398 1

Th tch khng kh so vi th tch hi xng l 11,398 . 5 = 57 ln c) Ch s octan ca xng cho: 100.0,57+106.0,078+120.0,092=76,308 Bi 43: Mt loi xng c khi lng ring l 0,75g/ml. n gon ngi ta xem lao xng ny l mt hn hp gm cc ng phn ca octan. Khi s dng cho ng c t trong ngi ta phn ng them ch tetraetyl (d = 1,6g/ml) vo xng theo t l 0,5ml/1l. Mt ng c t trong t chy hon ton 1 lt loi xng trn. Tnh: a) Khi lng CO2 sinh ra.

95 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
b) Khi lng ch kim loi sinh ra, gi s ton b lng ch tetraetyl b phn hy. Gii: Khi lng 1 lt xng: 1000.0,75 = 750 (g) S mol octan trong 1 lt xng: 750:114 = 6,579 C8H18 + 12,5O2
Vkk =

8CO2

+ 9H2O

12,5.6,579.100.22, 4 = 8772(l ) ; VN 2 = 8772.(1 0, 21) = 6929,88(l ) 21

a) Khi lng CO2 = 8.6,579.44= 2315,808 (g) b) Khi lng 0,5ml Pb(C2H5)4 = 0,5.1,6 = 0,5 (g) Khi lng Pb sinh ra: 207,2 . 0,8 : 323,2 = 0, 513 (g) Bi 44: Hidrocacbon X l cht lng c t khi hi so vi khng kh bng 3,17. t chy hon ton X thu c CO2 c khi lng bng 4,28 ln khi lng nc. nhit thng X khng lm mt mu nc brom. Khi un nng X lm mt mu KMnO4. Xc nh cng thc cu to v cng thc phn t ca X Gii: MX = 92. Gi X l CxHy ta c: 4CxHy + (4x+y)O2 4xO2 + 2yH2O Ta c: 44x = 4,28.18.y/2 , 12x + y = 92 => x = 7, y = 8. X l C7H8 . V X khng lm mt mu nc brom, khi un nng X lm mt mu KMnO4 X l toluene, cng thc cu to l C6H5CH3. Bi 45: Khi tch hidro ca 66,25 kg etylbenzen thu c 52 kg stiren. Tin hnh phn ng trng hp ton b lng stiren thu c hn hp A gm polistiren v lng stiren cha phn ng. Bit 5,2 g A va lm mt mu 60ml dung dch brom 0,15M. a) Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng tch hidro b) Tnh khi lng stiren trng hp c) Polistiren c phn t khi trung bnh l 3,12.105. Tnh h s trng hp trung bnh ca polime. Gii:
a) C6H5CH2CH3 106g 66,25kg C6H5CH=CH2 + H2 104g 65 kg

Thc t thu c 52 kg stiren do H = 52/65.100% = 80%

b) CH=CH2 xt, to, p n CH-CH

96 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
CH=CH2 0,009 + Br2 0,009 CH-CH2 Br Br

=> mstiren du = 0,009.104 = 0,936 g

5,2 g stiren phn ng th d 0,936 g. Vy 52 kg stiren phn ng th d 9360 g => Khi lng stiren a trng hp l 52000-9360 = 42640 g c) H s trng hp trung bnh ca poltiren l n = 3,12.105 / 104 = 3000 Bi 46: Mt hp cht hu c A ch cha hai nguyn t X v Y, c khi lng mol 150<MA<170. t chy m gam A thu c m gam nc. A khng lm mt mu nc brom khi c bt Fe m phn ng vi brom khi chiu sng to thnh 1 dn xut monobrom duy nht. un nng A vi mt lng d KMnO4 ri axit ha thu hp cht hu c B ch gm 2 nguyn t trong phn t. a) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A, cng thc cu to ca A, B. b) T kh thin nhin v cht v c nu phng php iu ch A. Gii: a) A l CxHy
CxHy to y/2H2O

(12x+y)gam

9y gam

Theo : 12x + y = 9y x:y = 2:3 (C2H3)n M 150 < 27n < 170 n = 6. Vy A: C12H18 T cc tnh cht ca A th A c 6 nhm CH3 gn trc tip vo vng benzen . Do A
CH3 H3C H3C CH3 CH3 CH3

c cng thc cu to :
CH3 H3C H3C CH3
CH3 H3C H3C CH3 CH3 12 KMnO4 CH3

CH3 CH3 Br2 CH3 as H3 C H3 C CH3

COOK KOOC KOOC COOK COOK 12MnO2 COOK 6KOH 6H2O

CH2Br HBr CH3

97 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
COOK KOOC KOOC COOK
COOH HOOC HOOC COOH COOH COOH to O C O C C O C O O O O C C O (B) O

COOH COOK 6HCl COOK HOOC COOH COOH HOOC COOH 6 KCl

b) iu ch A:
CH3

CH4

1500oC lln

HC

CH

Na/NH3

NaC

CNa

CH3Cl

H3CC CCH3

xt

H3C H3C CH3

CH3 CH3

Bi 47: T naptalen (Nph), CH3CH2CH2OH v hp cht hu c c cha 2 cacbon, cc iu kin cn thit, vit s tng hp 2-phenantrencacbanehit.
CH2CH3 CH3CH2Br AlCl3 NBS CHBrCH3 Ancol KOH

Gii:
CH3CH2CH2OH H2SO4 CH3CH=CH2 NBS
CHO CHO
+

CH2BrCH=CH2

Me2SO CH2=CHCHO HCO3CHO

Pd

Bi 48: t chy hon ton 0,2 mol hn hp X gm 3 hidrocacbon ng phn A, B, C khng lm mt mu dung dch brom. Hp th ton b sn phm vo 575 ml dd Ca(OH) 2 2M thu c kt ta v khi lng dung dch tng ln 50,8 gam. Cho Ba(OH)2 d vo dung dch thy kt ta tng thm, tng khi lng kt ta 2 ln l 243,05 gam. a) Xc nh ctpt ca 3 hidrocacbon trn b) Xc nh ctct ca A, B, C bit: un nng A trong KMnO4 th A, B cho cng sn phm C9H6O6, cn C cho sn phm C8H6O4.

98 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Khi un nng vi brom (Fe, to) th A ch cho 1 sn phm monobrom, B v C cho 2 sn phm monobrom. Gii: a) Gi cng thc phn t ca A, B, C l CxHy CxHy + (x + y/2)O2 CO2 + Ca(OH)2 a Ca(HCO3)2 b a + b x CO2 + y/2 H2O CaCO3 + H2O ; Ca(OH)2 + a Ba(OH)2 b b b 2CO2 2b Ca(HCO3)2 b Khi CO2 hp th vo Ca(OH)2 :

BaCO3 + CaCO3 + 2H2O

Ta c h: 100(a + b) + 197b = 243,05; a + b = 1,15 a = 0,5; b = 0,65 n(CO2) = a + 2b = 1,8 mol x = 1,8/0,2 = 9 M m tng = m (CO2) + m(H2O) m(CaCO3) = 50,8 m (H2O) = 21,6 n (H2O) = 21,6/18 = 1,2 y = 1,2.2/0,2 = 12.Vy cng thc phn t A,B,C: C9H12 b) ca C9H12 l 4. A, B, C khng lm mt mu dung dch brom nn l ng ng ca benzen un nng A trong KMnO4 th A, B cho cng sn phm C9H6O6 nn A, B c 3 nhm CH3 gn vo vng benzen. Cn C cho sn phm C8H6O4 nn C c mt nhm CH3 v 1 nhm C2H5 gn vo vng. Khi un nng vi brom (Fe, to) th A ch cho 1 sn phm monobrom, B v C cho 2 sn phm monobrom. T cc tnh cht trn suy ra:
CH3

CH3 CH3 CH3 C2 H 5

H 3C

(A)

CH3

CH3 (B)

(C)

Bi 49: Khi nitro ha benzen ngi ta thu c mt hn hp A gm hai cht hu c hn km nhau mt nhm NO2 trong phn t. t chy 5,1 gam A c 492,8 ml N2(ktc) v mt lng CO2, H2O. a) Lp cng thc phn t hai cht trong A. b) Tnh % khi lng mi cht trong A. c) Tnh khi lng oxi tiu th khi t chy 5,1 gam A.

99 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Gii:
a)
nN 2 = 0,022 mol => mN = 0, 616 g . t CT chung hai cht trong A: C6 H 6a ( NO2 ) a
2

2C6 H 6a ( NO2 ) a 0, 044 / a MC

6 H 6a ( NO2 )a

24 5a to O2 aN 2 + 12CO2 + (6 a) H 2O 2 0, 022

= 5,1a / 0, 044 =115,91a = 78 + 45a => a =1,1

M hai cht trong A hn km nhau mt nhm NO2 trong phn t nn cng thc phn t hai cht l C6 H 5 NO2 , C6 H 4 ( NO2 )2 .
b) t x, y ln lt s mol ca C6 H 5 NO2 , C6 H 4 ( NO2 ) 2 . Theo ta c h: 123.0, 036 = 86,82% x = 0, 036 nN 2 = 0,5 x + y = 0, 022 %C6 H 5 NO2 = 5,1 => => y = 0, 024 mA =123x + 168 y = 5,1 % C H ( NO ) =100 86,82 =13,18% 6 4 2 2 c) T phng trnh ta c: nCO2 = 0, 24 => mCO2 =10,56 g ; nH 2O = 0, 098 => mH 2O =1, 764 g

p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng => mO2 = 7,84 g Bi 50: Mt hn hp gm 3 cht thuc dy ng ng ca aren l A ( CnH2n-6) ; B ( CnH2n-6) v C ( CmH2m-6) vi n< n < m trong A v C c s mol bng nhau v cch nhau k cht trong dy ng ng. Khi t chy x gam hn hp cn y gam O2 . a) Hy chng minh rng:
24x 3 y 48x 10 y <m< +k 24x 7 y 24x 7 y

b) Cho x = 48,8 gam, y = 153,6 gam; k = 2. Tm cng thc ca A, B, C bit cht B khng c ng phn l hp cht thm.Hy tnh thnh phn % khi lng cc cht trong hn hp . Gii:
a) t CTPTTB hn hp (A, B, C) l Cn H 2 n6 ( n l s cacbon trung bnh)
t Cn H 2 n 6 + 1,5(n 1) O2 n CO2 + (n 3) H 2O
o

Ta c t l:
1 1,5(n 1) 24x 3 y = => n = (I ) x y / 32 24x 7 y 14n 6

V (A), (C) cch nhau k cht ( ngha l (k+1) nhm CH2-) nn m = n + (k+1)

100 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
V n < n < m hay: m (k+1) < n < m => n < m < n + (k + 1) (II) Thay (I) vo (II) ta c:
24x 3 y 48x 10 y <m< +k 24x 7 y 24x 7 y

b) Khi k = 2 ta c: m = n + (k + 1) = n + 3 V A, B, C thuc dy ng ng aren nn n 6 Thay x = 48,8, y = 153,6 vo (I) c n = 7,4 T (II): 7,4 < m < 7,4 + 2 + 1 = 10,4, m thuc N, n 6 => m = 9 hay 10 Ta c cc cp nghim: Cp (I): n = 6, m = 9 => (A) C6H6 (B) C7H8 hay C8H10 (C) C9H12 Cp (II): n = 7, m = 10 => (A) C7H8 (B) C8H10 hay C9H10 (C) C10H14 Bi cho (B) khng c ng phn l hp cht thm nn ch c cp nghim sau tha: (A) C6H6 (B) C7H8 (C) C9H12 b) Theo ta t nA = nC = a , nB = b nhh = 2a + b = x/(14 n -6) = 0,5 mol
6a + 7b + 9a 6a + 7(0,5 2a) + 9a = = 7, 4 => a = 0, 2 0,5 0, 5 m(C6 H 6 ) = 15, 6( g ) (31,97%) n= m(C7 H 8 ) = 9, 2( g ) (18,85%) m(C9 H12 ) = 24( g ) (49,18%)

B. BI TP T LUN C P N

101 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon

102 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon

103 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon

BI TP TRC NGHIM
Cu 1: (C - 09) Hn hp kh X gm H 2 v C2H4 c t khi i vi He l 3,75. Dn X qua Ni nung nng thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi i vi He l 5. Hiu sut ca phn ng hiro ha l A. 20%. B. 25%. C. 50%. D. 40%. Cu 2: (C - 09) kh hon ton 200 ml dd KMnO 4 0,2M to thnh cht rn mu nu en cn V lt kh C 2H4 ( ktc). Gi tr ti thiu ca V l A. 2,24. B. 2,688. C. 1,344. D. 4,48. Cu 3: (C - 09) Hn hp kh X gm 0,3 mol H 2 v 0,1 mol vinylaxetilen. Nung X mt thi gian vi xc tc Ni thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi khng kh l 1. Nu cho ton b Y sc t t vo dd brom (d) th c m gam brom tham gia phn ng. Gi tr ca m l A. 16,0. B. 3,2. C. 8,0. D. 32,0. Cu 4: (C - 09) Cho cc cht: xiclobutan, 2-metylpropen, but-1-en, cis-but-2-en, 2-metyl-but-2-en. Dy gm cc cht sau khi phn ng vi hiro (d, xc tc Ni, t0), cho cng mt sn phm l A. xiclobutan, but-1-en, cis-but-2-en. B. 2-metylpropen, but-1-en, cis-but-2-en. C. xiclobutan, but-1-en, 2-metyl-but-2-en. D.2-metylpropen, cis-but-2-en, xiclobutan. Cu 5: (A - 09) Hirocacbon X khng lm mt mu dd brom iu kin thng. Tn gi ca X l A. xiclohexan. B. xiclopropan. C. stiren. D. etilen. Cu 6: (A - 09) Hn hp kh X gm anken M v ankin N c cng s nguyn t C trong phn t. Hn hp X c khi lng 12,4 gam v th tch 6,72 lt ( ktc). S mol, cng thc phn t ca M v N ln lt l A. 0,1 mol C2H4 v 0,2 mol C2H2. B. 0,2 mol C2H4 v0,1 mol C2H2.

104 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
C. 0,1 mol C3H6 v 0,2 mol C3H4. D. 0,2 mol C3H6 v 0,1 mol C3H4. Cu 7: (B - 09) Cho hn hp X gm CH4, C2H4 v C2H2. Ly 8,6 gam X tc dng ht vi dd brom (d) th khi lng brom tham gia phn ng l 48 gam. Mt khc, nu cho 13,44 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X tc dng vi lng d dd AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 36 gam kt ta. Phn trm th tch ca CH4 c trong X l A. 20%. B. 50%. C. 25%. D. 40%. Cu 8: (B - 09) Hn hp kh X gm H2 v mt anken c kh nng cng HBr cho sn phm hu c duy nht. T khi ca X so vi hiro bng 9,1. un nng X, c xc tc Ni, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y khng lm mt mu nc brom; t khi ca Y so vi hiro bng 13. Cng thc cu to ca anken l A. CH3-CH=CH-CH3. C. CH2=C(CH3)2. B. CH2=CH2. D. CH2=CH-CH2-CH3.

Cu 9: (B - 09) Hirocacbon X phn ng vi brom (trong dd) theo t l 1:1, thu c cht hu c Y (cha 74,08% Br v khi lng). Khi X phn ng vi HBr th thu c hai sn phm hu c khc nhau. Tn gi ca X l A. but-2-en. en. B. xiclopropan. C. propilen. D. but-1-

Cu 10: (B - 08) t chy hon ton 1 lt hn hp kh gm C 2H2 v hirocacbon X sinh ra 2 lt kh CO2 v 2 lt hi H2O (cc th tch kh v hi o cng iu kin nhit p sut). Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C2H4. B. C3H8 C. C2H6. D. CH4. Cu 11: (B - 08) Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z l ng ng k tip, khi lng phn t ca Z bng 2 ln khi lng phn t ca X. Cc cht X, Y, Z thuc dy ng ng A.ankaien B.ankin C.anken D.ankan

Cu 12: (A - 08) Hn hp X c t khi so vi H 2 l 21,2 gm propan, propen v propin. Khi t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X, tng khi lng ca CO2 v H2O thu c l: A. 20,4 gam. gam. B. 18,96 gam. C. 16,80 gam. D. 18,60

Cu 13: (A - 08) S ng phn hirocacbon thm ng vi cng thc phn t C8H10 l

105 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 5.

Cu 14: (A - 08) Cho s chuyn ha CH 4 C2H2 C2H3Cl PVC. tng hp 250 kg PVC theo s trn th cn V m 3 kh thin nhin ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l (bit CH 4 chim 80% th tch kh nhin nhin v hiu sut ca c qu trnh l 50%) A. 224,0. B. 286,7. C. 358,4. D. 448,0. Cu 15: (A - 08) un nng hn hp kh gm 0,06 mol C 2H2 v 0,04 mol H2 vi xc tc Ni, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp kh Y. Dn ton b hn hp kh Y li t t qua bnh ng dung dch brom (d) th cn li 0,448 lt hn hp kh Z ( ktc) c t khi hi so vi O 2 l 0,5. Khi lng bnh dung dch brom tng l A. 1,2 gam. 1,32 gam. B. 1,04 gam. C. 1,64 gam. D.

Cu 16: (A - 08) Khi crackinh hon ton mt th tch ankan X thu c ba th tch hn hp kh Y (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit , p sut); t khi ca Y so vi hiro bng 12. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C5H12. B. C3H8. C. C4H10. D. C16H14. Cu 17: (A - 08) Cho isopentan tc dng vi clo theo t l s mol 1: 1, s sn phm monoclo ti a thu c l A. 2. B. 4. C. 3. D. 5. Cu 18: (A - 08) S ng phn xeton ng vi cng thc phn t C 5H10O l A. 3. B. 5. C. 6. D. 4. Cu 19: (C - 08)Cng thc n gin nht ca mt hirocacbon l CnH2n+1. Hirocacbon thuc dy ng ng ca: A. ankan. B. ankin. C.ankaien. D. anken. Cu 20: (C - 08) t chy hon ton 20 ml hn hp X gm C 3H6, CH4 v CO (th tch CO gp hai ln th tch CH 4), thu c 24 ml CO2 (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit , p sut). T khi ca X so vi kh hiro l: A. 25,8. B. 12,9. C. 22,2. D. 11,1. Cu 21:(C - 08) t chy hon ton hn hp M gm mt ankan X v mt ankin Y, thu c s mol CO2 bng s mol nc. Thnh phn phn phn trm s mol ca X v Y trong hn hp M ln lt l: A. 35% v 65%. B. 75% v 25%. C. 20% v 80%. D. 50% v 50%.

106 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Cu 22: (C - 08) t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon X thu c 0,11 mol CO2 v 0,132 mol H 2O. Khi X tc dng vi kh clo (theo t l s mol 1 : 1) thu c mt sn phm hu c duy nht. Tn gi ca X l: A. 2-Metylbutan. C. 2,2-imetylpropan. B. 2-Metylpropan. D. Etan.

Cu 23:(C - 07) t chy hon ton mt th tch kh thin nhin gm metan, etan, propan bng oxi khng kh (trong khng kh oxi chim 20% th tch) thu c 7,84 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) v 9,9 gam H2O. Th tch khng kh ( ktc) nh nht cn dng t chy hon ton lng kh thin nhin trn l A. 56,0 lt. B. 78,4 lt. C. 70,0 lt. D. 84,0 lt. Cu 24: (C - 07) Dn V lt kh X ( ktc) gm axetilen v hiro i qua ng s ng bt Ni nung nng, thu c kh Y. Dn Y vo lng d dd AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 12 gam kt ta. Kh i ra khi dung dch phn ng va vi 16 gam Br2 v cn li kh Z. t chy hon ton kh Z thu c 2,24 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) v 4,5 gam H2O. Gi tr ca V l A. 11,2. B. 13,44. C. 8,96. D. 5,6. Cu 25: (C - 07) Cho hn hp 2 anken ng ng k tip nhau tc dng vi nc (c H2SO4 lm xc tc) thu c hn hp Z gm 2 ancol X v Y. t chy hon ton 1,06 gam hn hp Z sau hp th ton b sn phm chy vo 2 lt dd NaOH 0,1M thu c dung dch trong nng ca NaOH bng 0,05M. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X v Y l A. C4H9OH v C5H11OH. C.C3H7OH v C4H9OH. B. C2H5OH v C4H9OH. D. C2H5OH v C3H7OH.

Cu 26: (C - 07) Khi cho Brom phn ng vi ankan thu c mt monobrom duy nht, monobrom c t khi vi Hidro l 75.5. Tn ca ankan cho: A. 3,3-dimetylhexan. C. 2,2,3-trimetylpentan. B. isopentan. D. 2,2-dimetylpropan.

Cu 27: (A - 07) Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, trong khi lng phn t Z gp i khi lng phn t X. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol cht Y, cho sn phm kh hp th hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thu c s gam kt ta l: A. 30. 40. B. 10. C. 20. D.

107 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Cu 28: (A - 07) Cho 4,48 lt hn hp X ( ktc) gm 2 hirocacbon mch h li t t qua bnh cha 1,4 lt dung dch Br 2 0,5M. Sau khi phn ng hon ton s mol Br 2 gim i mt na v khi lng bnh tng thm 6,7 gam. Cng thc phn t ca hai hirocacbon l: A. C2H2 v C3H8. B. C3H4 v C4H8. C. C2H2 v C4H6. D. C2H2 v C4H8. Cu 29: (A - 07) Mt hirocacbon X cng hp vi axit HCl theo t l 1 : 1 to sn phm c thnh phn khi lng clo l 45,223%. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C3H4. B. C3H6. C. C2H4. D. C4H8. Cu 30: (A - 07) Hirat ha 2 anken ch to thnh 2 ancol. Hai anken l A. propen v but-2-en. C. 2-metylpropen v but-1-en. B. eten v but-1-en. D. eten v but-2-en.

Cu 31: (A - 07) Hn hp gm hirocacbon X v oxi c t l s mol tng ng l 1 : 10. t chy hon ton hn hp trn thu c hn hp kh Y. Cho Y qua dung dch H2SO4 c, thu c hn hp kh Z c t khi i vi hiro bng 19. Cng thc phn t ca X l: A. C3H4. B. C3H8. C. C3H6. D. C4H8. Cu 32: (A - 10) un nng hn hp kh X gm 0,02 mol C 2H2 v 0,03 mol H2 trong mt bnh kn (xc tc Ni), thu c hn hp kh Y. Cho Y li t t vo bnh nc brom (d), sau khi kt thc cc p, khi lng bnh tng m gam v c 280 ml hn hp kh Z (ktc) thot ra. T khi ca Z i vi H2 l 10,08. Gi tr ca m l A. 0,585. B. 0,620. C. 0,205. D. 0,328. Cu 33: (A - 10) Hn hp kh X gm N 2 v H2 c t khi so vi He bng 1,8. un nng X mt thi gian trong bnh kn (c bt Fe lm xc tc), thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi He bng 2. Hiu sut ca phn ng tng hp NH3 l A. 50%. B. 40%. C. 25%. D. 36%. Cu 34: (A - 10) Anken X hp nc to thnh 3-etylpentan-3-ol. Tn ca X l A. 3-etylpent-2-en. C. 3-etylpent-1-en. B. 3-etylpent-3-en. D. 2-etylpent-2-en.

Cu 35: (A - 10) t chy hon ton mt lng hirocacbon X. Hp th ton b sn phm chy vo dung dch Ba(OH) 2 (d) to ra 29,55 gam

108 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
kt ta, dung dch sau phn ng c khi lng gim 19,35 gam so vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 ban u. Cng thc phn t ca X l: A. C3H6 B. C2H6 C. C3H4 D. C3H8 Cu 36: (B - 10) Hn hp kh X gm mt ankan v mt anken. T khi ca X so vi hiro bng 11,25. t chy hon ton 4,48 lt X, thu c 6,72 lt kh CO2 (cc th tch kh o ktc). Cng thc ca ankan v anken ln lt l A. CH4 v C2H4. C. CH4 v C3H6. A. CH2=CH-CH=CH2 C. CH3-CH=C(CH3)2 B. C2H6 v C2H4. D. CH4 v C4H8. B. CH3-CH=CH-CH=CH2 D. CH2=CH-CH2-CH3

Cu 37: (C - 11) Cht no sau y c ng phn hnh hc?

Cu 38: (C - 11) Cho cc cht: axetilen, vinylaxetilen, cumen, stiren, xiclohexan, xiclopropan v xiclopentan.Trong cc cht trn, s cht phn ng uc vi dung dch brom l: A. 4. B. 3. C. 5. D. 6. Cu 39: (A - 11) Cho 13,8 gam cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C 7H8 tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 45,9 gam kt ta. X c bao nhiu ng phn cu to tha mn tnh cht trn? A. 5. B. 4. C. 6. D. 2. Cu 40: (A - 11) Hn hp X gm C 2H2 v H2 c cng s mol. Ly mt lng hn hp X cho qua cht xc tc nung nng, thu c hn hp Y gm C2H4, C2H6, C2H2 v H2. Sc Y vo dung dch brom (d) th khi lng bnh brom tng 10,8 gam v thot ra 4,48 lt hn hp kh (ktc) c t khi so vi H2 l 8. Th tch O2 (ktc) cn t chy hon ton hn hp Y l A. 22,4 lt. B. 44,8 lt. C. 26,88 lt. D. 33,6 lt. Cu 41: (A - 11) t chy hon ton hn hp X gm C2H2, C3H4 v C4H4 (s mol mi cht bng nhau) thu c 0,09 mol CO 2. Nu ly cng mt lng hn hp X nh trn tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3, th khi lng kt ta thu c ln hn 4 gam. Cng thc cu to ca C3H4 v C4H4 trong X ln lt l: A. CHC-CH3, CH2=CH-CCH. B. CHC-CH3, CH2=C=C=CH2. C. CH2=C=CH2, CH2=C=C=CH2. D. CH2=C=CH2, CH2=CH-CCH.

109 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Cu 42: (A - 11) Cho buta-1,3 - ien phn ng cng vi Br 2 theo t l mol 1:1. S dn xut ibrom (ng phn cu to v ng phn hnh hc) thu c l: A. 3 B. 1 C. 2 D. 4 Cu 43: (B - 11) Cho phn ng: C6H5-CH=CH2 + KMnO4 C6H5-COOK + K2CO3 + MnO2 + KOH + H2O.Tng h s (nguyn, ti gin) tt c cc cht trong phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng trn l: A. 27 B. 31 C. 24 D. 34 Cu 44: (B - 11) Hn hp kh X gm etilen, metan, propin v vinylaxetilen c t khi so vi H 2 l 17. t chy hon ton 0,05 mol hn hp X ri hp th ton b sn phm chy vo bnh dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d) th khi lng bnh tng thm m gam. Gi tr ca m l: A. 5,85 B. 3,39 C. 6,6 D. 7,3 Cu 45: (B - 11) S ng phn cu to ca C5H10 phn ng c vi dung dch brom l: A. 8 B. 9 C. 5 D. 7 Cu 46: (B - 11) Cho butan qua xc tc ( nhit cao) thu c hn hp X gm C4H10, C4H8, C4H6, H2. T khi ca X so vi butan l 0,4. Nu cho 0,6 mol X vo dung dch brom (d) th s mol brom ti a phn ng l A. 0,48 mol B. 0,36 mol C. 0,60 mol D. 0,24 mol Cu 47: (C - 11) Sn phm ch yu trong hn hp thu c khi cho toluen phn ng vi brom theo t l s mol 1:1 (c mt bt st) l A. o-bromtoluen v p-bromtoluen C. p-bromtoluen v m-bromtoluen B. benzyl bromua D. o-bromtoluen v m-bromtoluen

ANKAN Cu 1: Tn gi ca hp cht c CTCT di l:

CH3 CH C2H5 CH2 CH3

A. 2Etylbutan C. 3-Metylpentan Cu 2. CTCT di c tn l

B. 2- Metylpentan D. 3-Etylbutan

110 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
CH3 CH2 CH CH CH3

A. 3B. 4-Metyl-3-

Etyl-

C2H5 CH3

4-Metylpentan Etylpentan

C. 2-Metyl-3-Etylpentan D. 3-Etyl-2-Metylpentan Cu 3. 3-Etyl-2,3-Dimetylpentan c CTCT l:

C2H5 CH C CH CH C2H53
3

A. CH3

B.

CH
3

CH

CH CH

CH
3

CH C2H5 CH3
3

CH CH2--CH3

C. CH
3

CH 3 C

D. a,b,c u sai

C2H CH3
5

Hydrocacbon C5H12 c bao nhiu ng phn? A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6

Cu

4.

Cu 5. Phn ng th gia 2-Metylbbutan vi Cl 2 (t l 1:1) cho my sn phm th? A.2 A. 4 B.3 B. 5 C.4 C. 6 D.5 D. 7 Cu 6. Hp cht c cng thc phn t C4H9Cl c bao nhiu ng phn? Cu 7. Qua tng hp Vuyc, t Metylclorua v Etylclorua thu c bao nhiu sn phm? A.1 B.2 C. 3 D. 4
2 2

Cu 8. Khi t chy mt hydrocacbon thu c nH O > nCO th cng thc tng qut tng ng ca hydrocacbon l A. CnHm B. CnH2n+2 C. CnH2n D. CnH2n-2 Cu 9. Clo ho mt ankan thu c mt dn xut monoclorua c t khi hi so vi H2 l 39,25. Ankan ny c CTPT l: A. C2H6 B. C3H8 C. C4H10 D. C5H12

111 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Cu 10. Brom ho mt ankan thu c mt dn xut cha Brom c t khi hi so vi H2 l 87. CTPT ankan ny l: A. CH4 A. 4 A. 1 B. C3H8 B. 5 B. 2 C. C5H12 C. 6 C. 3 D. C6H14 D. 7 D. 4 Cu 11. Cracking n-Pentan thu c bao nhiu sn phm? Cu 12. hydro ho n-Butan thu c bao nhiu sn phm? Cu 13. T CH4 (cc cht v c v iu kin c ) c th iu ch cc cht no sau y? A. CH3Cl A. 1 B. C2H6 B. 2 C. C3H8 C. 3 D. C 3 cht trn D. 4 Cu 14. C5H10 c bao nhiu ng phn cu to mch vng? Cu 15. t chy hn hp CH4, C2H6, C3H8 thu c 2,24 lit CO2 (ktc) v 2,7g H2O. Th tch O2 (ktc) tham gia phn ng chy l: A. 2,48 l B. 3,92 l C. 4,53 l D. 5,12 l Cu 16. t chy 2,3g hn hp hai hydrocacbon no lin tip trong dy ng ng thu c 3,36 lit CO 2 (ktc). Cng thc phn t ca hai hydrocacbon l: A. CH4, C2H6 B. C2H6, C3H8 C. C2H4, C3H6 D. C3H6, C4H8 Cu 17. t chy 1 ankan thu c CO2 v H2O theo t l mol 3:3,5. Ankan l A. Propan B. Pentan C. Hexan D. Heptan Cu 18. Trong phn ng t chy Propan. H s ca Propan: O2: CO2: H2O ln lt l A. 1: 6: 5: 4 A. CH4,C3H8 A. 1 B. 1: 6,5: 4: 5 B. C2H6, C2H4 B. 2 C. 1: 5: 3: 4 C. CH4, C2H6 C. 3 D. 1: 13: 4: 5 D. C4H8, H2 D. 4 B.Th vi halogen D. hydro ho Cu 19. Crackinh n-Butan iu kin thch hp thu c sn phm l: Cu 20. Clo ho Isopentan (t l 1:1) s lng sn phm th monoclo l Cu 21. Phn ng c trng ca Ankan l: A.Cng vi halogen C.Crackinh

112 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Cu 22. Vi Xycloankan, CnH2n (n 3) l cng thc : A. Thc nghim B.n gin nht C.Tng qut Cu 23. Al4C3 + H2O X l: A. CH4 Cu 24. C3H8 X, Y ln lt l: A. C, H2 ng Cu 25. Al4C3 X, Y ln lt l: A. CH4, C2H4 B. CH4, CH3Cl C. C3H8, C2H4 D. Kt qu khc Cu 26. hidro ha hn hp C2H6, C3H8. T khi ca hn hp sau phn ng so vi trc phn ng l A. Cao hn B. Thp hn C. Bng nhau D. Cha th kt lun B. CH4, C2H6 X Y C. C3H6, H2 C 2H6 D. A, B, C u B. C2H6 X+Y C. C3H8 D. C3H6 X+ Al(OH)3 D.Phn t

Cu 27. Sn phm chnh ca phn ng sau l cht no di y?

CH3 CH CH2 CH3 A. CH 3 CH CH3 Br CH3 C CH3 CH2 CH3 CH2 CH2Br B. CH3 CH CH CH3 CH3 + Br2 hv

CH3 Br

C.

D.

BrCH2 CH CH2 CH3

CH3

Cu 28. ng phn no ca C5H12 ch cho mt sn phm th monoclo?

CH3 A. CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 B. CH3 C CH3 CH3

113

Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon

C. CH3

CH CH2 CH3

CH3

D. Khng c ng phn no

Cu 29. X + Br2 X l:

1,3- Dibrompropan.

CH2 A. CH2 CH CH3 C CH2 B. H2C D. C A v C CH2

C. CH2

Cu 30. Hidrocacbon X tc dng vi Cl 2 (askt) vi t l mol 1:1 ch thu c mt dn xut clo c t khi hi so vi H 2 l 74,25. Cng thc cu to ng ca X l:

CH3 A. CH3 C CH3 C. CH3 C C2H5

CH3 C CH3 C2H5 D. C H 2 5 CH3 B. C2H5 CH CH C2H5 CH3 CH3 CH CH CH3 CH 3 C2H5

C2H5

ANKEN Cu 1: Anken X c cng thc cu to: CH3CH2C(CH3)=CHCH3. Tn ca X l A. isohexan. B. 3-metylpent-3-en.

114 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
C. 3-metylpent-2-en. A. 7. A. 4. A. 4. A. 4. B. 4 B. 5 B. 5. B. 5 D. 2-etylbut-2-en. C. 6 C. 6. C. 6. C. 6. D. 5. D. 10. D. 7. D. 10.

Cu 2: S ng phn ca C4H8 l : Cu 3: Hp cht C5H10 mch h c bao nhiu ng phn cu to ? Cu 4: Hp cht C5H10 c bao nhiu ng phn anken ? Cu 5: Hp cht C5H10 c bao nhiu ng phn cu to ? Cu 6: Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z l ng ng k tip, khi lng phn t ca Z bng 2 ln khi lng phn t ca X. Cc cht X, Y, Z thuc dy ng ng A. ankin. B. ankan. C. ankaien. D. anken. Cu 7: Anken X c c im: Trong phn t c 8 lin kt xch ma. CTPT ca X l A. C2H4. B. C4H8. C. C3H6. D. C5H10. Cu 8: Vitamin A cng thc phn t C20H30O, co cha 1 vong 6 canh va khng co cha lin kt ba. S lin kt i trong phn t vitamin A la A. 7. B. 6 C. 5. D. 4. Cu 9: Licopen, cng thc phn t C40H56 la cht mau o trong qua ca chua, chi cha lin kt i va lin kt n trong phn t. Hiro hoa hoan toan licopen c hirocacbon C40H82. Vy licopen co A. 1 vong; 12 ni i. C. 4 vong; 5 ni i. B. 1 vong; 5 ni i. D. mach h; 13 ni i.

Cu 10: Cho cc cht sau: 2-metylbut-1-en (1); 3,3-imetylbut-1-en (2); 3-metylpent-1-en (3); 3-metylpent-2-en (4); Nhng cht no l ng phn ca nhau ? A. (3) v (4). (2), (3) v (4). A. 2-metylbut-2-en. C. 2,3- iclobut-2-en. B. (1), (2) v (3). C. (1) v (2). D.

Cu 11: Hp cht no sau y c ng phn hnh hc ? B. 2-clo-but-1-en. D. 2,3- imetylpent-2-en.

115 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Cu 12: Nhng hp cht no sau y c ng phn hnh hc (cis-trans) ? CH3CH=CH2 (I); CH3CH=CHCl (II); CH3CH=C(CH3)2 (III); C2H5 C(CH3)=C(CH3)C2H5 (IV); C2H5C(CH3)=CClCH3 (V). A. (I), (IV), (V). (V). B. (II), (IV), (V). C. (III), (IV). D. (II), III, (IV),

Cu 13: Cho cc cht sau: CH2=CHCH2CH2CH=CH2; CH2=CHCH=CHCH2CH3; CH3C(CH3)=CHCH2; CH2=CHCH2CH=CH2; CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH3; CH3C(CH3)=CHCH2CH3; CH3CH2C(CH3)=C(C2H5)CH(CH3)2; CH3CH=CHCH3. S cht c ng phn hnh hc l: A. 4. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3. Cu 14: p dng quy tc Maccopnhicop vo trng hp no sau y ? A. Phn ng cng ca Br2 vi anken i xng. B. Phn ng cng ca HX vo anken i xng. C. Phn ng trng hp ca anken. D. Phn ng cng ca HX vo anken bt i xng. Cu 15: Khi cho but-1-en tc dng vi dung dch HBr, theo qui tc Maccopnhicop sn phm no sau y l sn phm chnh ? A. CH3-CH2-CHBr-CH2Br. C. CH3-CH2-CHBr-CH3.. B. CH2Br-CH2-CH2-CH2Br D. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2Br.

Cu 16: Anken C4H8 c bao nhiu ng phn khi tc dng vi dung dch HCl ch cho mt sn phm hu c duy nht ? A. 2. B. 1. C. 3 D. 4. Cu 17: Cho cc cht: xiclobutan, 2-metylpropen, but-1-en, cis-but-2en, 2-metylbut-2-en. Dy gm cc cht sau khi phn ng vi H 2 (d, Ni, to), cho cng mt sn phm l: A. xiclobutan, cis-but-2-en v but-1-en. B. but-1-en, 2-metylpropen v cis-but-2-en. C. xiclobutan, 2-metylbut-2-en v but-1-en. D. 2-metylpropen, cis -but-2-en v xiclobutan. Cu 18: Cho hn hp tt c cc ng phn mch h ca C 4H8 tc dng vi H2O (H+,to) thu c ti a bao nhiu sn phm cng ? A. 2. B. 4. C. 6. D. 5

116 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Cu 19: C bao nhiu anken th kh (kt) m khi cho mi anken tc dng vi dung dch HCl ch cho mt sn phm hu c duy nht ? A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 20: Hirat ha 2 anken ch to thnh 2 ancol (ru). Hai anken l A. 2-metylpropen v but-1-en (hoc buten-1). B. propen v but-2-en (hoc buten-2). C. eten v but-2-en (hoc buten-2). D. eten v but-1-en (hoc buten-1). Cu 21: Anken thch hp iu ch ancol sau y (CH3 CH2)3C-OH l A. 3-etylpent-2-en. C. 3-etylpent-1-en. B. 3-etylpent-3-en. D. 3,3- imetylpent-1-en.

Cu 22: Hirat ha hn hp X gm 2 anken thu c ch thu c 2 ancol. X gm A. CH2=CH2 v CH2=CHCH3. C. B hoc D. CH2=CHCH2CH3. B. CH2=CH2 v CH3CH=CHCH3. D. CH3CH=CHCH3 v

Cu 23: S cp ng phn cu to anken th kh (kt) tho mn iu kin: Khi hirat ho to thnh hn hp gm ba ancol l A. 6. B. 3 C. 5. D. 4. Cu 24: S cp ng phn anken th kh (kt) tho mn iu kin: Khi hirat ho to thnh hn hp gm ba ancol l: A. 6. B. 7. C. 5. D. 8. Cu 25: Hp cht X c CTPT C3H6, X tc dng vi dung dch HBr thu c mt sn phm hu c duy nht. Vy X l: A. propen. B. propan. C. ispropen. D. xicloropan. Cu 26: Hai cht X, Y c CTPT C 3H6 v C4H8 v u tc dng c vi nc brom. X, Y l A. Hai anken hoc xicloankan vng 3 cnh. C. Hai anken hoc xicloankan vng 4 cnh. B. Hai anken hoc hai ankan. D. Hai anken ng ng ca nhau.

117 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Cu 27: C hai ng nghim, mi ng cha 1 ml dung dch brom trong nc c mu vng nht. Thm vo ng th nht 1 ml hexan v ng th hai 1 ml hex-1-en. Lc u c hai ng nghim, sau yn hai ng nghim trong vi pht. Hin tng quan st c l: A. C s tch lp cc cht lng c hai ng nghim. B. Mu vng nht vn khng i ng nghim th nht C. ng nghim th hai c hai lp cht lng u khng mu. D. A, B, C u ng. Cu 28: Trng hp eten, sn phm thu c c cu to l: A. (-CH2=CH2-)n .B. (-CH2-CH2-)n . C. (-CH=CH-)n. A. MnO2, C2H4(OH)2, KOH. C. C2H5OH, MnO2, KOH. D. (-CH3-CH3-)n . Cu 29: Oxi ho etilen bng dung dch KMnO4 thu c sn phm l: B. K2CO3, H2O, MnO2. D. C2H4(OH)2, K2CO3, MnO2.

Cu 30: X la hn hp gm 2 hirocacbon. t chay X c nCO 2 = nH2O. X co th gm A. xicloankan + anken. C. 2 anken. B. 1ankan + 1ankin. D. A hoc B hoc C.

Cu 31: iu ch etilen trong phng th nghim t C2H5OH, (H2SO4 c, 170oC) thng ln cc oxit nh SO 2, CO2. Cht dng lm sch etilen l: A. dd brom d. C. dd Na2CO3 d. B. dd NaOH d. D. dd KMnO4 long d.

Cu 32: Sn phm chnh ca s ehirat ha 2-metylbutan-2-ol l cht no ? A. 3-metylbut-1-en. C. 3-metylbut-2-en. B. 2-metylbut-1en. D. 2-metylbut-2-en.

Cu 33: Khi tch nc t ru (ancol) 3-metylbutanol-1 (hay 3metylbutan-1-ol), sn phm chnh thu c l: A. 2-metylbuten-3 (hay 2-metylbut-3-en). B. 3-metylbuten-2 (hay 3-metylbut-2-en). C. 3-metylbuten-1 (hay 3-metylbut-1-en). D. 2-metylbuten-2 (hay 2-metylbut-2-en).

118 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Cu 34: Hp cht 2-metylbut-2-en l sn phm chnh ca phn ng tch t cht no ? A. 2-brom-2-metylbutan. C. 3-metylbutan-2- ol. B. 2-metylbutan -2- ol. D. Tt c u ng.

Cu 35: Khi lng etilen thu c khi un nng 230 gam ru etylic vi H2SO4 m c, hiu sut phn ng t 40% l: A. 56 gam. B. 84 gam. C. 196 gam. D. 350 gam. Cu 36: Cho 3,36 lt hn hp etan v etilen (ktc) i chm qua qua dung dch brom d. Sau phn ng khi lng bnh brom tng thm 2,8 gam. S mol etan v etilen trong hn hp ln lt l: A. 0,05 v 0,1. B. 0,1 v 0,05. C. 0,12 v 0,03. D. 0,03 v 0,12. Cu 37: 2,8 gam anken A lam mt mau va u dung dich cha 8 gam Br2. Hirat hoa A chi thu c mt ancol duy nht. A co tn la: A. etilen. B. but - 2-en. dimetylbut-2-en. C. hex- 2-en. D. 2,3-

Cu 38: 0,05 mol hirocacbon X lam mt mau va u dung dich cha 8 gam brom cho ra san phm co ham lng brom at 69,56%. Cng thc phn t cua X la: A. C3H6. B. C4H8. C. C5H10. D. C5H8. Cu 39: Dn t t 8,4 gam hn hp X gm but-1-en v but-2-en li chm qua bnh ng dung dch Br2, khi kt thc phn ng thy c m gam brom phn ng. m c gi tr l: A. 12 gam. B. 24 gam. C. 36 gam. D. 48 gam

Cu 40: Dn 3,36 lt (ktc) hn hp X gm 2 anken l ng ng k tip vo bnh nc brom d, thy khi lng bnh tng thm 7,7 gam. Thnh phn phn % v th tch ca hai anken l: A. 25% v 75%. C. 40% v 60%. B. 33,33% v 66,67%. D. 35% v 65%.

Cu 41: Hn hp X gm 2 anken l ng ng lin tip c th tch 4,48 lt ( ktc). Nu cho hn hp X i qua bnh ng nc brom d, khi lng bnh tng ln 9,8 gam. % th tch ca mt trong 2 anken l: A. 50%. B. 40% C. 70%. D. 80%.

119 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Cu 42: Dn 3,36 lt (ktc) hn hp X gm 2 anken l ng ng k tip vo bnh nc brom d, thy khi lng bnh tng thm 7,7 gam. CTPT ca 2 anken l: A. C2H4 v C3H6. B. C3H6 v C4H8. C. C4H8 v C5H10.D. C5H10 v C6H12. Cu 43: Mt hn hp X c th tch 11,2 lt (ktc), X gm 2 anken ng ng k tip nhau. Khi cho X qua nc Br 2 d thy khi lng bnh Br2 tng 15,4 gam. Xc nh CTPT v s mol mi anken trong hn hp X. A. 0,2 mol C2H4 v 0,3 mol C3H6. C. 0,4 mol C2H4 v 0,1 mol C3H6. B. 0,2 mol C3H6 v 0,2 mol C4H8. D. 0,3 mol C2H4 v 0,2 mol C3H6.

Cu 44: Mt hn hp X gm ankan A v anken B, A c nhiu hn B mt nguyn t cacbon, A v B u th kh ( ktc). Khi cho 6,72 lt kh X (ktc) i qua nc brom d, khi lng bnh brom tng ln 2,8 gam; th tch kh cn li ch bng 2/3 th tch hn hp X ban u. CTPT ca A, B v khi lng ca hn hp X l: A. C4H10, C3H6 ; 5,8 gam. C. C4H10, C3H6 ; 12,8 gam. B. C3H8, C2H4 ; 5,8 gam. D. C3H8, C2H4 ; 11,6 gam.

Cu 45: Mt hn hp X gm ankan A v mt anken B c cng s nguyn t C v u th kh ktc. Cho hn hp X i qua nc Br 2 d th th tch kh Y cn li bng na th tch X, cn khi lng Y bng 15/29 khi lng X. CTPT A, B v thnh phn % theo th tch ca hn hp X l A. 40% C2H6 v 60% C2H4. C. 50% C4H10 v 50% C4H8. B. 50% C3H8v 50% C3H6 D. 50% C2H6 v 50% C2H4

Cu 46 : Hn hp X gm metan v 1 olefin. Cho 10,8 lt hn hp X qua dung dch brom d thy c 1 cht kh bay ra, t chy hon ton kh ny thu c 5,544 gam CO 2. Thnh phn % v th tch metan v olefin trong hn hp X l: A. 26,13% v 73,87%. C. 20% v 80%. B. 36,5% v 63,5%. D. 73,9% v 26,1%.

Cu 47: Cho 8960 ml (ktc) anken X qua dung dch brom d. Sau phn ng thy khi lng bnh brom tng 22,4 gam. Bit X c ng phn hnh hc. CTCT ca X l: A. CH2=CHCH2CH3. C. CH3CH=CHCH2CH3. B. CH3CH=CHCH3. D. (CH3)2C=CH2.

120 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Cu 48: a) Cho hirocacbon X phn ng vi brom (trong dung dch) theo t l mol 1 : 1, thu c cht hu c Y (cha 74,08% Br v khi lng). Khi X phn ng vi HBr th thu c hai sn phm hu c khc nhau. Tn gi ca X l: A. but-1-en. Xiclopropan. B. but-2-en. C. Propilen. D.

b) Hirocacbon X cng HCl theo ti l mol 1:1 tao san phm co ham lng clo la 55,04%. X co cng thc phn t l: A. C4H8. B. C2H4. C. C5H10. D. C3H6. Cu 49: Hn hp X gm metan v anken, cho 5,6 lt X qua dung dch brom d thy khi lng bnh brom tng 7,28 gam v c 2,688 lt kh bay ra (ktc). CTPT ca anken l: A. C4H8 B. C5H10. C. C3H6. D. C2H4 Cu 50: Dn 3,36 lt (ktc) hn hp X gm 2 anken l vo bnh nc brom d, thy khi lng bnh tng thm 7,7 gam. CTPT ca 2 anken l: A. C2H4 v C4H8. B. C3H6 v C4H8. C. C4H8 v C5H10.D. A hoc B. Cu 51: Cho 10 lt hn hp kh (54,6 oC; 0,8064 atm) gm 2 olefin li qua bnh dung dch brom d thy khi lng bnh brom tng 16,8 gam. CTPT ca 2 anken l (Bit s C trong cc anken khng vt qu 5) A. C2H4 v C5H10 B. C3H6 v C5H10.C. C4H8 v C5H10.D. A hoc B. Cu 52: Mt hirocacbon X cng hp vi axit HCl theo t l mol 1:1 to sn phm c thnh phn khi lng clo l 45,223%. Cng thc phn t ca X l: A. C3H6. B. C4H8. C. C2H4. D. C5H10. Cu 53: Cho hn hp X gm etilen v H2 c t khi so vi H2 bng 4,25. Dn X qua bt niken nung nng (hiu sut phn ng 75%) thu c hn hp Y. T khi ca Y so vi H2 (cc th tch o cng iu kin) l: A. 5,23. B. 3,25. C. 5,35. D. 10,46. Cu 54: Cho H2 v 1 olefin c th tch bng nhau qua Niken un nng ta c hn hp A. Bit t khi hi ca A i vi H 2 l 23,2. Hiu sut phn ng hiro ho l 75%. Cng thc phn t olefin l A. C2H4. B. C3H6. C. C4H8. D. C5H10. Cu 55: Hn hp kh X gm H2 v mt anken c kh nng cng HBr cho sn phm hu c duy nht. T khi ca X so vi H2 bng 9,1. un nng X c xc tc Ni, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn

121 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
hp kh Y khng lm mt mu nc brom; t khi ca Y so vi H 2 bng 13. Cng thc cu to ca anken l: A. CH3CH=CHCH3. C. CH2=C(CH3)2. B. CH2=CHCH2CH3. D. CH2=CH2.

Cu 56: Cho hn hp X gm anken v hiro c t khi so vi heli bng 3,33. Cho X i qua bt niken nung nng n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp Y c t khi so vi heli l 4. CTPT ca X l: A. C2H4. B. C3H6. C. C4H8. D. C5H10. Cu 57: Hn hp kh X gm H2 v C2H4 c t khi so vi He l 3,75. Dn X qua Ni nung nng, thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi He l 5. Hiu sut ca phn ng hiro ho l: A. 20%. B. 25%. C. 50%. D. 40%. Cu 58: t chy hon ton a gam hn hp eten, propen, but-2-en cn dng va b lt oxi ( ktc) thu c 2,4 mol CO 2 v 2,4 mol nc. Gi tr ca b l: A. 92,4 lt. B. 94,2 lt. C. 80,64 lt. D. 24,9 lt. Cu 59: t chy hon ton V lt (ktc) hn hp X gm CH 4, C2H4 thu c 0,15 mol CO2 v 0,2 mol H2O. Gi tr ca V l: A. 2,24 B. 3,36. C. 4,48. D. 1,68. Cu 60: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hm hp gm CH 4, C4H10 v C2H4 thu c 0,14 mol CO2 v 0,23mol H2O. S mol ca ankan v anken trong hn hp ln lt l: A. 0,09 v 0,01. B. 0,01 v 0,09. C. 0,08 v 0,02. D. 0,02 v 0,08. Cu 61: Mt hn hp kh gm 1 ankan v 1 anken c cng s nguyn t C trong phn t v c cng s mol. Ly m gam hn hp ny th lm mt mu va 80 gam dung dch 20% Br 2 trong dung mi CCl4. t chy hon ton m gam hn hp thu c 0,6 mol CO 2. Ankan v anken c cng thc phn t l: A. C2H6 v C2H4. B. C4H10 v C4H8.C. C3H8 v C3H6. D. C5H12 v C5H10. Cu 62: t chy hon ton 10ml hirocacbon X cn va 60 ml kh oxi, sau phn ng thu c 40 ml kh cacbonic. Bit X lm mt mu dung dch brom v c mch cacbon phn nhnh. CTCT ca X A. CH2=CHCH2CH3. C. CH2=C(CH2)2CH3. B. CH2=C(CH3)2. D. (CH3)2C=CHCH3.

122 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Cu 63: Cho 0,2 mol hn hp X gm etan, propan v propen qua dung dch brom d, thy khi lng bnh brom tng 4,2 gam. Lng kh cn li em t chy hon ton thu c 6,48 gam nc. Vy % th tch etan, propan v propen ln lt l: A. 30%, 20%, 50%. C. 50%, 20%, 30%. B. 20%, 50%, 30%. D. 20%, 30%, 50%.

Cu 64: Mt hn hp X gm 2 hirocacbon A, B c cng s nguyn t cacbon. A, B ch c th l ankan hay anken. t chy 4,48 lt (kc) hn hp X thu c 26,4 gam CO2 v 12,6 gam H2O. Xc nh CTPT v s mol ca A, B trong hn hp X. A. 0,1 mol C3H8 v 0,1 mol C3H6. B. 0,2 mol C2H6 v 0,2 mol C2H4. C. 0,08 mol C3H8 v 0,12 mol C3H6. D. 0,1 mol C2H6 v 0,2 mol C2H4. Cu 65: Mt hn hp X gm 1 anken A v 1 ankin B, A v B c cng s nguyn t cacbon. X c khi lng l 12,4 gam, c th tch l 6,72 lt. Cc th tch kh o ktc. CTPT v s mol A, B trong hn hp X l: A. 0,2 mol C2H4 v 0,1 mol C2H2. B. 0,1 mol C3H6 v 0,1 mol C3H4. C. 0,2 mol C3H6 v 0,1 mol C3H4. D. 0,1 mol C2H4 v 0,2 mol C2H2. Cu 66: Mt hn hp A gm 2 hirocacbon X, Y lin tip nhau trong cng dy ng ng. t chy 11,2 lt hn hp X thu c 57,2 gam CO2 v 23,4 gam CO2. CTPT X, Y v khi lng ca X, Y l: A. 12,6 gam C3H6 v 11,2 gam C4H8. B. 8,6 gam C3H6v 11,2 gam C4H8. C. 5,6 gam C2H4 v 12,6 gam C3H6. D. 2,8 gam C2H4 v 16,8 gam C3H6. Cu 67: t chy hon ton 0,05 mol mt anken A thu c 4,48 lt CO2 (ktc). Cho A tc dng vi dung dch HBr ch cho mt sn phm duy nht. CTCT ca A l: A. CH2=CH2. C. CH2=C(CH3)2. B. (CH3)2C=C(CH3)2. D. CH3CH=CHCH3.

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Chuyn Hirocacbon
Cu 68: Hn hp X gm propen l ng ng theo t l th tch 1:1. t 1 th tch hn hp X cn 3,75 th tch oxi (cng k). Vy B l: A. eten. B. propan. C. buten. D. penten. Cu 69: em t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hn hp X gm 2 anken l ng ng k tip nhau thu c CO 2 v nc c khi lng hn km nhau 6,76 gam. CTPT ca 2 anken l: A. C2H4 v C3H6. B. C3H6 v C4H8. C. C4H8 v C5H10.D. C5H10 v C6H12. Cu 70: X, Y, Z la 3 hirocacbon k tip trong day ng ng, trong o MZ = 2MX. t chay hoan toan 0,1 mol Y ri hp thu toan b san phm chay vao 2 lit dung dich Ba(OH)2 0,1M c mt lng kt tua la: A. 19,7 gam. 9,85 gam. B. 39,4 gam. C. 59,1 gam. D.

Cu 71: Chia hn hp gm C3H6, C2H4, C2H2 thnh hai phn u nhau. Phn 1: t chy hon ton thu c 2,24 lt CO2 (ktc). Phn 2: Hiro ho ri t chy ht th th tch CO 2 thu c (ktc) l bao nhiu ? A. 1,12 lt. B. 2,24 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 3,36 lt. Cu 72: t chy hon ton 20,0 ml hn hp X gm C 3H6, CH4, CO (th tch CO gp hai ln th tch CH4), thu c 24,0 ml CO2 (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut). T khi ca X so vi kh H2 l: A. 12,9. B. 25,8. C. 22,2. D. 11,1. Cu 73: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol anken X thu c CO 2 v hi nc. Hp th hon ton sn phm bng 100 gam dung dch NaOH 21,62% thu c dung dch mi trong nng ca NaOH ch cn 5%. Cng thc phn t ng ca X l: A. C2H4. B. C3H6. C. C4H8. D. C5H10. Cu 74: X la hn hp gm hirocacbon A va O 2 (ti l mol tng ng 1:10). t chay hoan toan X c hn hp Y . Dn Y qua binh H 2SO4 c d c hn Z co ti khi so vi hiro la 19. A co cng thc phn t la: A. C2H6. B. C4H8. C C 4H6. D. C3H6. Cu 75: m gam hn hp gm C3H6, C2H4 v C2H2 chy hon ton thu c 4,48 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Nu hiro ho hon ton m gam hn hp trn ri t chy ht hn hp thu c V lt CO2 (ktc). Gi tr ca V l: A. 3,36. B. 2,24. C. 4,48. D. 1,12.

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Chuyn Hirocacbon
Cu 76: Dn 1,68 lt hn hp kh X gm hai hirocacbon vo bnh ng dung dch brom (d). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c 4 gam brom phn ng v cn li 1,12 lt kh. Nu t chy hon ton 1,68 lt X th sinh ra 2,8 lt kh CO 2. Cng thc phn t ca hai hirocacbon l (bit cc th tch kh u o ktc) A. CH4 v C2H4. B. CH4 v C3H4. C. CH4 v C3H6. D. C2H6 v C3H6. Cu 77: Hn hp X gm C3H8 va C3H6 co ti khi so vi hiro la 21,8. t chay ht 5,6 lit X (ktc) thi thu c bao nhiu gam CO 2 va bao nhiu gam H2O ? A. 33 gam va 17,1 gam. C. 13,2 gam va 7,2 gam. B. 22 gam va 9,9 gam. D. 33 gam va 21,6 gam. C2H 4

Cu 78: Hin nay PVC c iu ch theo s sau: CH2Cl C2H3Cl PVC.

CH2Cl

Nu hiu sut ton b qu trnh t 80% th lng C 2H4 cn dng sn xut 5000 kg PVC l: A. 280 kg. B. 1792 kg C. 2800 kg. D. 179,2 kg. Cu 79: Thi 0,25 mol kh etilen qua 125 ml dung dch KMnO4 1M trong mi trng trung tnh (hiu sut 100%) khi lng etylen glicol thu c bng A. 11,625 gam. B. 23,25 gam. C. 15,5 gam. D. 31 gam. Cu 80: kh hon ton 200 ml dung dch KMnO 4 0,2M to thnh cht rn mu nu en cn V lt kh C 2H4 ( ktc). Gi tr ti thiu ca V l: A. 2,240. B. 2,688. C. 4,480. D. 1,344. Cu 81: Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, trong khi lng phn t Z gp i khi lng phn t X. t chy 0,1 mol cht Z, sn phm kh hp th hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d), thu c s gam kt ta l: A. 20. B. 40. C. 30. D. 10. Cu 82: Hn hp X c t khi so vi H 2 l 21,2 gm propan, propen v propin. Khi t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X, tng khi lng ca CO 2 v H2O thu c l: A. 18,60 gam. B. 18,96 gam. C. 20,40 gam. D. 16,80 gam. Cu 83: X la hn hp C4H8 va O2 (ti l mol tng ng 1:10). t chay hoan toan X c hn hp Y . Dn Y qua binh H 2SO4 c d c hn Z. Ti khi ca Z so vi hiro la

125 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
A.18. B. 19. C. 20. D. 21.

Cu 84: Hn hp X gm 2 anken kh phn ng va vi dung dch cha 48 gam brom. Mt khc t chy hon ton hn hp X dng ht 24,64 lt O2 (ktc). Cng thc phn t ca 2 anken l: A. C2H4 v C3H6. B. C2H4 v C4H8. C. C3H6 v C4H8. D. A v B u ng. Cu 85: t chy mt s mol nh nhau ca 3 hirocacbon K, L, M ta thu c lng CO2 nh nhau v t l s mol nc v CO 2 i vi s mol ca K, L, M tng ng l 0,5 ; 1 ; 1,5. CTPT ca K, L, M (vit theo th t tng ng) l: A. C2H4, C2H6, C3H4. C. C3H4, C3H6, C3H8 B. C3H8, C3H4, C2H4. D. C2H2, C2H4, C2H6.

BI TP V ANKAIEN -TECPEN - ANKIN Cu 1: S ng phn thuc loi ankaien ng vi cng thc phn t C5H8 l A. 4. A. 2. B. 5. B. 3. C. 6. C. 4. D. 7. D. 5. Cu 2: C5H8 c bao nhiu ng phn ankaien lin hp ? Cu 3: Trong cc hirocacbon sau: propen, but-1-en, but-2-en, penta1,4- ien, penta-1,3- ien hirocacbon cho c hin tng ng phn cis - trans ? A. propen, but-1-en. C. propen, but-2-en. B. penta-1,4-dien, but-1-en. D. but-2-en, penta-1,3- ien.

Cu 4: Cng thc phn t ca buta-1,3-ien (ivinyl) v isopren (2metylbuta-1,3-ien) ln lt l A. C4H6 v C5H10.B. C4H4 v C5H8. C. C4H6 v C5H8. D. C4H8 v C5H10. Cu 5: Hp cht no trong s cc cht sau c 9 lin kt xch ma v 2 lin kt ? A. Buta-1,3-ien. axetilen. B. Penta-1,3- ien. C. Stiren. D. Vinyl

Cu 6: Hp cht no trong s cc cht sau c 7 lin kt xch ma v 3 lin kt ? A. Buta-1,3-ien. axetilen. B. Tuloen. C. Stiren. D. Vinyl

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Chuyn Hirocacbon
Cu 7: Cho phn ng gia buta-1,3-ien v HBr -80 oC (t l mol 1:1), sn phm chnh ca phn ng l A. CH3CHBrCH=CH2. C. CH2BrCH2CH=CH2. B. CH3CH=CHCH2Br. D. CH3CH=CBrCH3.

Cu 8: Cho phn ng gia buta-1,3-ien v HBr 40 oC (t l mol 1:1), sn phm chnh ca phn ng l A. CH3CHBrCH=CH2. C. CH2BrCH2CH=CH2. B. CH3CH=CHCH2Br. D.CH3CH=CBrCH3.

Cu 9: 1 mol buta-1,3-ien c th phn ng ti a vi bao nhiu mol brom ? A. 1 mol. B. 1,5 mol. C. 2 mol. D. 0,5 mol. Cu 10: Isopren tham gia phn ng vi dung dch Br 2 theo t l mol 1:1 to ra ti a bao nhiu sn phm ? A. 4. B. 1. C. 3. D. 2. Cu 11: Isopren tham gia phn ng vi dung dch HBr theo t l mol 1:1 to ra ti a bao nhiu sn phm cng ? A. 8. B. 5. C. 7. D. 6. Cu 12: Cht no sau y khng phi l sn phm cng gia dung dch brom v isopren (theo t l mol 1:1) ? A. CH2BrC(CH3)BrCH=CH2. C. CH2BrCH=CHCH2CH2Br. B. CH2BrC(CH3)=CHCH2Br. D. CH2=C(CH3)CHBrCH2Br.

Cu 13: Ankaien A + brom (dd) CH3C(CH3)BrCH=CHCH2Br. Vy A l A. 2-metylpenta-1,3-ien. C. 4-metylpenta-1,3-ien. A. 2-metylpenta-1,3-ien. C. 2-metylpenta-1,4-ien. B. 2-metylpenta-2,4-ien. D. 2-metylbuta-1,3-ien. B. 4-metylpenta-2,4-ien. D. 4-metylpenta-2,3-ien.

Cu 14: Ankaien B + Cl2 CH2ClC(CH3)=CH-CH2Cl-CH3. Vy A l

Cu 15: Cho 1 Ankaien A + brom(dd) 1,4-ibrom-2-metylbut-2-en. Vy A l A. 2-metylbuta-1,3-ien. B. 2-metylpenta-1,3-ien. C. 3-metylbuta-1,3-ien. D. 3-metylpenta-1,3-ien.

Cu 16: Trng hp ivinyl to ra cao su Buna c cu to l ?

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Chuyn Hirocacbon
A. (-C2H-CH-CH-CH2-)n. C. (-CH2-CH-CH=CH2-)n. B. (-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-)n. D. (-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-)n.

Cu 17: ng trng hp ivinyl v stiren thu c cao su buna-S c cng thc cu to l A. (-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH(C6H5)-CH2-)n. B. (-C2H-CH-CH-CH2-CH(C6H5)-CH2-)n. C. (-CH2-CH-CH=CH2- CH(C6H5)-CH2-)n. D. (-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2- CH(C6H5)-CH2-)n . Cu 18: ng trng hp ivinyl v acrylonitrin (vinyl xianua) thu c cao su buna-N c cng thc cu to l A. (-C2H-CH-CH-CH2-CH(CN)-CH2-)n. B. (-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2- CH(CN)-CH2-)n. C. (-CH2-CH-CH=CH2- CH(CN)-CH2-)n. D. (-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH(CN)-CH2-)n . Cu 19: Trng hp isopren to ra cao su isopren c cu to l A. (-C2H-C(CH3)-CH-CH2-)n C. (-CH2-C(CH3)=CH-CH2-)n. B. (-CH2-C(CH3)-CH=CH2-)n . D. (-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-)n .

Cu 20: Tn gi ca nhm hirocacbon khng no c cng thc chung l (C5H8)n (n 2) l A. ankaien. B. cao su. C. anlen. D. tecpen. Cu 21: Caroten (licopen) l sc t mu ca c rt v c chua chn, cng thc phn t ca caroten l A. C15H25. B. C40H56. C. C10H16. D. C30H50. Cu 22: Oximen c trong tinh du l hng qu, limonen c trong tinh du chanh. Chng c cng cng thc phn t l A. C15H25. A. 5. A. 1. B. C40H56. B. 2. B. 2. C. C10H16. C. 3. C. 3. D. C30H50. D. 4. D. 4. Cu 23: C4H6 c bao nhiu ng phn mch h ? Cu 24: C bao nhiu ankin ng vi cng thc phn t C5H8 ? Cu 25: Ankin C4H6 c bao nhiu ng phn cho phn ng th kim loi (phn ng vi dung dch cha AgNO3/NH3)

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Chuyn Hirocacbon
A. 4. B. 2. C. 1. D. 3.

Cu 26: C bao nhiu ng phn ankin C 5H8 tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 to kt ta A. 3. A. 3. B. 2. B. 4. C. 4. C. 5. D. 1. D. 6. Cu 27: Ankin C6H10 c bao nhiu ng phn phn ng vi dung dch: Cu 28: Trong phn t ankin X, hiro chim 11,111% khi lng. C bao nhiu ankin ph hp A. 1. B. 2. C. 3.
CH3

D. 4
CH3C C CH CH3

Cu 29: Cho ankin X c cng thc cu to Tn ca X l A. 4-metylpent-2-in. C. 4-metylpent-3-in. Cu 30: Cho phn ng : di y A. CH2=CHOH. C 2H2 +

B. 2-metylpent-3-in. D. 2-metylpent-4-in. H 2O

A.

A l cht no

B. CH3CHO.

C. CH3COOH.

D. C2H5OH.

Cu 31: Cho s phn ng sau: CH 3-CCH + AgNO3/ NH3 NH4NO3 X c cng thc cu to l? A. CH3-CAgCAg.B. CH3-CCAg. C. AgCH2-CCAg.D. A, B, C u c th ng.

X+

Cu 32: Trong s cc hirocacbon mch h sau: C 4H10, C4H6, C4H8, C3H4, nhng hirocacbon no c th to kt ta vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 ? A. C4H10 ,C4H8.C. C4H6, C3H4.B. Ch c C4H6.D. Ch c C3H4. Cu 33: Hn hp A gm hiro v cc hirocacbon no, cha no. Cho A vo bnh c niken xc tc, un nng bnh mt thi gian ta thu c hn hp B. Pht biu no sau y sai ? A. t chy hon ton hn hp A cho s mol CO 2 v s mol nc lun bng s mol CO2 v s mol nc khi t chy hon ton hn hp B. B. S mol oxi tiu tn t hon ton hn hp A lun bng s mol oxi tiu tn khi t hon ton hn hp B. C. S mol A - S mol B = S mol H2 tham gia phn ng.

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Chuyn Hirocacbon
D. Khi lng phn t trung bnh ca hn hp A bng khi lng phn t trung bnh ca hn hp B. Cu 34: Cht no trong 4 cht di y c th tham gia c 4 phn ng: Phn ng chy trong oxi, phn ng cng brom, phn ng cng hiro (xc tc Ni, to), phn ng th vi dd AgNO3 /NH3 A. etan. B. etilen. C. axetilen. D. xiclopropan

Cu 35: Cu no sau y sai ? A. Ankin c s ng phn t hn anken tng ng. B. Ankin tng t anken u c ng phn hnh hc. C. Hai ankin u dy khng c ng phn. D. Butin c 2 ng phn v tr nhm chc. Cu 36: Cho cc phn ng sau:
Cl (1) CH4 + Cl2
2

(2) C2H4 + H2 (3) 2 CHCH (4) 3 CHCH (5) C2H2

+ Ag2O

(6) Propin + H2O A. 2. B. 3.

S phn ng l phn ng oxi ho kh l: C. 4. D. 5.

B C Cao su

Cu 37: Cho dy chuyn ho sau: CH4 A buna. Cng thc phn t ca B l A. C4H6. N + H2 B. C2H5OH.
B

C. C4H4. E (spc)

D. C4H10.
KOH

Cu 38: C chui phn ng sau: D

HCl

Xc nh N, B, D, E bit rng D l mt hidrocacbon mch h, D ch c 1 ng phn. A. N : C2H2 ; B : Pd ; D : C2H4 ; E : CH3CH2Cl. B. N : C4H6 ; B : Pd ; D : C4H8 ; E : CH2ClCH2CH2CH3. C. N : C3H4 ; B : Pd ; D : C3H6 ; E : CH3CHClCH3. D. N : C3H4 ; B : Pd ; D : C3H6 ; E : CHCH2CH2Cl.

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Chuyn Hirocacbon
Cu 39: Cht no sau y khng iu ch trc tip c axetilen ? A. Ag2C2. B. CH4. C. Al4C3. D. CaC2. Cu 40: lm sch etilen c ln axetilen ta cho hn hp i qua dd no sau y ? A. dd brom d. C. dd AgNO3 /NH3 d. B. dd KMnO4 d. D. cc cch trn u ng.

Cu 41: nhn bit cc bnh ring bit ng cc kh khng mu sau y: SO2, C2H2, NH3 ta c th dng ho cht no sau y ? A. Dung dch AgNO3/NH3. C. Qu tm m. B. Dung dch Ca(OH)2 D. Dung dch NaOH

Cu 42: X l mt hirocacbon kh ( ktc), mch h. Hiro ho hon ton X thu c hirocacbon no Y c khi lng phn t gp 1,074 ln khi lng phn t X. Cng thc phn t X l A. C2H2. B. C3H4. C. C4H6. D. C3H6. Cu 43: Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C6H6 mch thng. Bit 1 mol X tc dng vi AgNO 3 d trong NH3 to ra 292 gam kt ta. CTCT ca X c th l A. CH CCCCH2CH3. C. CHCCH2CCCH3. B. CHCCH2CH=C=CH2. D. CHCCH2CH2CCH.

Cu 44: Mt hirocacbon A mch thng c CTPT C 6H6. Khi cho A tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thu c hp cht hu c B c M B MA=214 vC. Xc nh CTCT ca A ? A. CHCCH2CH2CCH. C. CHCCH(CH3)CCH. B. CH3C CCH2CCH. D. CH3CH2CCCCH.

Cu 45: A la hirocacbon mach h, th khi (kt), bit A 1 mol A tac dung c ti a 2 mol Br2 trong dung dich to ra hp cht B (trong B brom chim 88,88% v khi lng. Vy A co cng thc phn t la A. C5H8. B. C2H2. C. C4H6. D. C3H4. Cu 46: 4 gam mt ankin X c th lm mt mu ti a 100 ml dung dch Br2 2M. CTPT X l A. C5H8. B. C2H2. C. C3H4. D. C4H6. Cu 47: X l mt hirocacbon khng no mch h, 1 mol X c th lm mt mu ti a 2 mol brom trong nc. X c % khi lng H trong phn t l 10%. CTPT X l

131 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
A. C2H2. B. C3H4. C. C2H4. D. C4H6.

Cu 48: X l hn hp gm 2 hirocacbon mch h (thuc dy ng ng ankin, anken, ankan). Cho 0,3 mol X lm mt mu va 0,5 mol brom. Pht biu no di y ng A. X c th gm 2 ankan. C. X c th gm1 ankan v 1 anken. ankin. B. X c th gm2 anken. D. X c th gm1 anken v mt

Cu 49: Hn hp X gm 1 ankin th kh v hiro c t khi hi so vi CH4 l 0,425. Nung nng hn hp X vi xc tc Ni phn ng hon ton thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi hi so vi CH 4 l 0,8. Cho Y i qua bnh ng dung dch brom d, khi lng bnh tng ln bao nhiu gam ? A. 8. c. B. 16. C. 0. D. Khng tnh

Cu 50: Hn hp A gm C2H2 v H2 c dA/H2 = 5,8. Dn A (ktc) qua bt Ni nung nng cho n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton ta c hn hp B. Phn trm th tch mi kh trong hn hp A v dB/H 2 l A. 40% H2; 60% C2H2; 29. C. 60% H2; 40% C2H2 ; 29. B. 40% H2; 60% C2H2 ; 14,5. D. 60% H2; 40% C2H2 ; 14,5.

Cu 51: Mt hn hp gm etilen v axetilen c th tch 6,72 lt (ktc). Cho hn hp qua dung dch brom d phn ng xy ra hon ton, lng brom phn ng l 64 gam. Phn % v th tch etilen v axetilen ln lt l A. 66% v 34%. C. 66,67% v 33,33%. B. 65,66% v 34,34%. D. Kt qu khc.

Cu 52: Cho 10 lt hn hp kh CH 4 v C2H2 tc dng vi 10 lt H 2 (Ni, to). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 16 lt hn hp kh (cc kh u o cng iu kin nhit p sut). Th tch ca CH 4 v C2H2 trc phn ng l A. 2 lt v 8 lt. C. 8 lt v 2 lt. B. 3 lt v 7 lt. D. 2,5 lt v 7,5 lt.

Cu 53: Cho 28,2 gam hn hp X gm 3 ankin ng ng k tip qua mt lng d H2 (to, Ni) phn ng xy ra hon ton. Sau phn ng th tch th tch kh H2 gim 26,88 lt (ktc). CTPT ca 3 ankin l A. C2H2, C3H4, C4H6. B. C3H4, C4H6, C5H8.

132 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
C. C4H6, C5H8, C6H10. D. C A, B u ng.

Cu 54: Hn hp X gm propin v mt ankin A c t l mol 1:1. Ly 0,3 mol X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 d thu c 46,2 gam kt ta. A l A. But-1-in. Pent-1-in. B. But-2-in. C. Axetilen. D.

Cu 55: Trong bnh kn cha hirocacbon X v hiro. Nung nng bnh n khi phn ng hon ton thu c kh Y duy nht. cng nhit , p sut trong bnh trc khi nung nng gp 3 ln p sut trong bnh sau khi nung. t chy mt lng Y thu c 8,8 gam CO 2 v 5,4 gam nc. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C2H2. B. C2H4. C. C4H6. D. C3H4. Cu 56: t chy hon ton mt ankin X th kh thu c H 2O v CO2 c tng khi lng l 23 gam. Nu cho sn phm chy i qua dung dich Ca(OH)2 d, c 40 gam kt ta. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C3H4. B. C2H2. C. C4H6. D. C5H8. Cu 57: t chy hon ton 5,4 gam mt hirocacbon A ri cho sn phm chy i qua bnh 1 ng dd H 2SO4 c, d; bnh 2 ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 5,4 gam; bnh 2 tng 17,6 gam. A l cht no trong nhng cht sau ? (A khng tc dng vi dd AgNO3/NH3) A. But-1-in. hoc C. B. But-2-in. C. Buta-1,3-ien. D. B

Cu 58: Hn hp X gm C2H2 v H2 ly cng s mol. Ly mt lng hn hp X cho i qua cht xc tc thch hp, un nng c hn hp Y gm 4 cht. Dn Y qua bnh ng nc brom thy khi lung bnh tng 10,8 gam v thot ra 4,48 lt kh Z (ktc) c t khi so vi H 2 l 8. Th tch O2 (ktc) cn t chy hon ton hn hp Y l A. 33,6 lt. B. 22,4 lt. C. 16,8 lt. D. 44,8 lt. Cu 59: Cho 17,92 lt hn hp X gm 3 hirocacbon kh l ankan, anken v ankin ly theo t l mol 1:1:2 li qua bnh ng dd AgNO 3/NH3 ly d thu c 96 gam kt ta v hn hp kh Y cn li. t chy hon ton hn hp Y thu c 13,44 lt CO 2. Bit th tch o ktc. Khi lng ca X l A. 19,2 gam. 38,4 gam. B. 1,92 gam. C. 3,84 gam. D.

133 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Cu 60: Mt hn hp gm 2 ankin khi t chy cho ra 13,2 gam CO2 v 3,6 gam H2O. Tnh khi lng brom c th cng vo hn hp trn A. 16 gam. B. 24 gam. C. 32 gam. D. 4 gam. Cu 61: Cho canxi cacbua k thut (ch cha 80% CaC 2 nguyn cht) vo nc d, th thu c 3,36 lt kh (ktc). Khi lng canxi cacbua k thut dng l A. 9,6 gam. B. 4,8 gam C. 4,6 gam. D. 12 gam Cu 62: C 20 gam mt mu CaC2 (c ln tp cht tr) tc dng vi nc thu c 7,4 lt kh axetilen (20 oC, 740mmHg). Cho rng phn ng xy ra hon ton. tinh khit ca mu CaC2 l A. 64%. B. 96%. C. 84%. D. 48%. Cu 63: Cho hn hp X gm CH4, C2H4 v C2H2. Ly 8,6 gam X tc dng ht vi dung dch brom (d) th khi lng brom phn ng l 48 gam. Mt khc, nu cho 13,44 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 36 gam kt ta. Phn trm th tch ca CH4 c trong X l A. 40%. B. 20%. C. 25%. D. 50%. Cu 64: Hn hp kh X gm anken M v ankin N c cng s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t. Hn hp X c khi lng 12,4 gam v th tch 6,72 lt ( ktc). S mol, cng thc phn t ca M v N ln lt l A. 0,1 mol C2H4 v 0,2 mol C2H2. C. 0,2 mol C2H4 v 0,1 mol C2H2. B. 0,1 mol C3H6 v 0,2 mol C3H4. D. 0,2 mol C3H6 v 0,1 mol C3H4.

Cu 65: Trong mt binh kin cha hirocacbon A th khi (kt) va O 2 (d). Bt tia la in t chay ht A a hn hp v iu kin ban u trong o % th tich cua CO2 va hi nc ln lt la 30% va 20%. Cng thc phn t cua A va % th tich ca hirocacbon A trong hn hp la A. C3H4 va 10%. B. C3H4 va 90%. C. C3H8 va 20%. D. C4H6 va 30%. Cu 66: t chy hon ton 1 lt hn hp kh gm C 2H2 v hirocacbon X sinh ra 2 lt kh CO2 v 2 lt hi H2O (cc th tch kh v hi o trong cng iu kin nhit v p sut). Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C2H4. B. CH4. C. C2H6. D. C3H8. Cu 67: Hn hp X c t khi so vi H 2 l 21 gm propan, propen v propin. Khi t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X, tng khi lng ca CO 2 v H2O thu c l A. 18,60 gam. B. 18,96 gam. C. 20,40 gam. D. 16,80 gam.

134 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
Cu 68: Cho s chuyn ha: CH4 C2H2 C2H3Cl PVC. tng hp 250 kg PVC theo s trn th cn V m3 kh thin nhin ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l (bit CH 4 chim 80% th tch kh thin nhin v hiu sut ca c qu trnh l 50%) A. 224,0 B. 448,0. C. 286,7. D. 358,4. Cu 69: un nng hn hp kh gm 0,06 mol C 2H2 v 0,04 mol H2 vi xc tc Ni, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp kh Y. Dn ton b hn hp Y li t t qua bnh ng dung dch brom (d) th cn li 0,448 lt hn hp kh Z ( ktc) c t khi so vi O 2 l 0,5. Khi lng bnh dung dch brom tng l A. 1,20 gam. gam. B. 1,04 gam. C. 1,64 gam. D. 1,32

Cu 70: t chy hon ton m gam hirocacbon th kh, mch h, nng hn khng kh thu c 7,04 gam CO2. Sc m gam hirocacbon ny vo nc brom d n khi phn ng hon ton, thy c 25,6 gam brom phn ng. Gi tr ca m l A. 2 gam. B. 4 gam. C. 10 gam D. 2,08 gam Cu 71: t chy hon ton m gam hirocacbon th kh, mch h thu c 7,04 gam CO2. Sc m gam hirocacbon ny vo nc brom d n khi phn ng hon ton, thy c 25,6 gam brom phn ng. Gi tr ca m l A. 2 gam. B. 4 gam. C. 2,08 gam. D. A hoc C. Cu 72: Dn V lt ( ktc) hh X gm axetilen v hiro i qua ng s ng bt niken nung nng, thu c kh Y. Dn Y vo lng d AgNO 3 trong dd NH3 thu c 12 gam kt ta. Kh i ra khi dung dch phn ng va vi 16 gam brom v cn li kh Z. t chy hon ton kh Z c 2,24 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 4,5 gam H2O. Gi tr ca V bng A. 11,2. B. 13,44. C. 5,60. D. 8,96. Cu 73: Cho 4,48 lt hn hp X (ktc) gm 2 hirocacbon mch h li t t qua bnh cha 1,4 lt dung dch Br 2 0,5M. Sau khi p hon ton, s mol Br2 gim i mt na v m bnh tng thm 6,7 gam. CTPT ca 2 hirocacbon l A. C3H4 v C4H8. B. C2H2 v C3H8. C. C2H2 v C4H8. D. C2H2 v C4H6. Cu 74: Dn 1,68 lt hn hp kh X gm hai hirocacbon vo bnh ng dd brom (d). Sau khi phn ng hon ton, c 4 gam brom phn ng v cn li 1,12 lt kh. Nu t chy hon ton 1,68 lt X th sinh ra 2,8 lt kh CO2 (ktc). CTPT ca hai hirocacbon l

135 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
A. CH4 v C2H4. B. CH4 v C3H4. C. CH4 v C3H6. D. C2H6 v C3H6. Cu 75: t chy hon ton hn hp M gm mt ankan X v mt ankin Y, thu c s mol CO 2 bng s mol H2O. Thnh phn % v s mol ca X v Y trong hn hp M ln lt l A. 35% v 65%. B. 75% v 25%. C. 20% v 80%. D. 50% v 50%. Cu 76: t chy hon ton 20,0 ml hn hp X gm C 3H6, CH4, CO (th tch CO gp hai ln th tch CH4), thu c 24,0 ml CO2 (cc kh o cng iu kin to, p). T khi ca X so vi kh hiro l A. 25,8. B. 12,9. C. 22,2. D. 11,1. Cu 77: Mt hn hp X gm 1 ankan A v 1 ankin B c cng s nguyn t cacbon. Trn X vi H 2 c hn hp Y. Khi cho Y qua Pt nung nng th thu c kh Z c t khi i vi CO 2 bng 1 (phn ng cng H2 hon ton). Bit rng V X = 6,72 lt v VH = 4,48 lt. CTPT v s mol A, B trong hn hp X l (Cc th tch kh o kc)
2

A. 0,1 mol C2H6 v 0,2 mol C2H2. B. 0,1 mol C3H8 v 0,2 mol C3H4. C. 0,2 mol C2H6 v 0,1 mol C2H2. D. 0,2 mol C3H8 v 0,1 mol C3H4. Cu 78: Mt hn hp X gm C2H2, C3H6, CH4. t chy hon ton 11t hn hp X thu c 12,6 gam H2O. Nu cho 11,2 lt hn hp X (ktc) qua dung dch brom d thy c 100 gam brom phn ng. Thnh phn % th tch ca X ln lt l A. 50%; 25% ; 25%. C.16% ; 32; 52%. B. 25% ; 25; 50%. D. 33,33%; 33,33; 33,33%.

Cu 79: Dn 4,032 lt (ktc) hn hp kh A gm C 2H2, C2H4, CH4 ln lt qua bnh 1 cha dung dc AgNO3 trong NH3 ri qua bnh 2 cha dung dch Br2 d trong CCl4. bnh 1 c 7,2 gam kt ta. Khi lng bnh 2 tng thm 1,68 gam. Th tch (ktc) hn hp A ln lt l: A. 0,672 lt; 1,344 lt; 2,016 lt. C. 2,016; 0,896 lt; 1,12 lt. B. 0,672 lt; 0,672 lt; 2,688 lt. D. 1,344 lt; 2,016 lt; 0,672 lt.

Cu 80: X, Y, Z l 3 hirocacbon th kh trong iu kin thng, khi phn hu mi cht X, Y, Z u to ra C v H 2, th tch H2 lun gp 3 ln th tch hirocacbon b phn hu v X, Y, Z khng phi l dng phn. CTPT ca 3 cht l A. C2H6 ,C3H6 C4H6. C. CH4 ,C2H4 C3H4. B. C2H2 ,C3H4 C4H6 D. CH4 ,C2H6 C3H8.

136 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
HIDROCACBON THM Cu 1: Trong phn t benzen, cc nguyn t C u trng thi lai ho : A. sp. B. sp2. C. sp3. D. sp2d. Cu 2: Trong vng benzen mi nguyn t C dng 1 obitan p cha tham gia lai ho to ra : A. 2 lin kt pi ring l. C. 1 h lin kt pi chung cho 6 C. 6 C. B. 2 lin kt pi ring l. D. 1 h lin kt xigma chung cho

Cu 3: Cng thc tng qut ca hirocacbon C nH2n+2-2a. i vi stiren, gi tr ca n v a ln lt l: A. 8 v 5. B. 5 v 8. C. 8 v 4. D. 4 v 8. Cu 4: Cng thc tng qut ca hirocacbon CnH2n+2-2a. i vi naptalen, gi tr ca n v a ln lt l: A. 10 v 5. A. C8H10. B. 10 v 6. B. C6H8. C. 10 v 7. C. C8H10. D.10 v 8. D. C9H12. Cu 5: Cht no sau y khng th cha vng benzen ? Cu 6: CH3C6H2C2H5 c tn gi l: A. etylmetylbenzen. C. p-etylmetylbenzen. B. metyletylbenzen. D. p-metyletylbenzen

Cu 7: Cu to ca 4-cloetylbenzen l:
C 2 H5 C2H5
C2H5 Cl

C2H5

A.

Cl

B.

Cl

C.

D.

Cl

Cu 8: Mt ankylbenzen A c cng thc C9H12, cu to c tnh i xng cao, A l: A. 1,2,3-trimetyl benzen. C. iso-propyl benzen. B. n-propyl benzen. D. 1,3,5-trimetyl benzen.

Cu 9: ng vi cng thc phn t C 8H10 c bao nhiu cu to cha vng benzen ?

137 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.

Cu 10: S lng ng phn cha vng benzen ng vi cng thc phn t C9H10 l A. 7. B. 8. C. 9. D. 6. Cu 11: Hot tnh sinh hc ca benzen, toluen l: A. Gy hi cho sc khe. B. Khng gy hi cho sc khe. C. Tt cho sc khe. D. Ty thuc vo nhit c th gy hi hoc khng gy hi. Cu 12: Tnh cht no khng phi ca benzen ? A. D th. C. Bn vi cht oxi ha. B. Kh cng. D. Km bn vi cc cht oxi ha.

Cu 13: So vi benzen, toluen + dung dch HNO3()/H2SO4 (): A. D hn, to ra o nitro toluen v p nitro toluen. B. Kh hn, to ra o nitro toluen v p nitro toluen. C. D hn, to ra o nitro toluen v m nitro toluen. D. D hn, to ra m nitro toluen v p nitro toluen.
trung / hop Cu 14: Cho phn ng A 1,3,5-trimetylbenzen . A l:

A. axetilen. imetyl axetilen.

B. metyl axetilen.

C. etyl axetilen.

D.

Cu 15: ng dng no benzen khng c: A. Lm dung mi.B. Tng hp monome. trc tip lm dc phm. C. Lm thuc n.D. Dng

Cu 16: Thuc n TNT c iu ch trc tip t A.benzen.B. eyl benzen.C. vinyl benzen.D. p-xilen. Cu 17: A l dn xut benzen c cng thc nguyn (CH) n. 1 mol A cng ti a 4 mol H2 hoc 1 mol Br2 (dd). Vy A l: A. etyl benzen.B. metyl benzen.C. vinyl benzen.D. ankyl benzen. Cu 18: a. Mt hn hp X gm 2 aren A, R u c M < 120, t khi ca X i vi C2H6 l 3,067. CTPT v s ng phn ca A v R l A. C6H6 (1 ng phn) ; C7H8 (1 ng phn). B. C7H8 (1 ng phn) ; C8H10 (4 ng phn).

138 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
C. C6H6 (1 ng phn) ; C8H10 (2 ng phn). D. C6H6 (1 ng phn) ; C8H10 (4 ng phn). Cu 19: Hn hp C6H6 v Cl2 c t l mol 1 : 1,5. Trong iu kin c xc tc bt Fe, to, hiu sut 100%. Sau phn ng thu c cht g ? bao nhiu mol ? A.1 mol C6H5Cl ; 1 mol HCl ; 1 mol C6H4Cl2. B. 1,5 mol C6H5Cl ; 1,5 mol HCl ; 0,5mol C6H4Cl2. C. 1 mol C6H5Cl ; 1,5 mol HCl ; 0,5 mol C6H4Cl2. D. 0,5 mol C6H5Cl ; 1,5 mol HCl ; 0,5 mol C6H4Cl2. Cu 20: Cho 100 ml bezen (d = 0,879 g/ml) tac dung vi mt lng va u brom khan (xuc tac bt st, un nong) thu c 80 ml brombenzen (d = 1,495 g/ml). Hiu sut brom hoa at la A. 67,6%. B. 73,49%. C. 85,3%. D. 65,35% Cu 21: A c cng thc phn t l C 8H8, tc dng vi dung dich KMnO4 nhit thng to ra ancol 2 chc. 1 mol A tc dng ti a vi: A. 4 mol H2; 1 mol brom. C. 3 mol H2; 3 mol brom. B. 3 mol H2; 1 mol brom. D. 4 mol H2; 4 mol brom

Cu 22: A la hirocacbon co %C (theo khi lng) la 92,3%. A tac dung vi dung dich brom d cho san phm co %C (theo khi lng) la 36,36%. Bit MA < 120. Vy A co cng thc phn t la A. C2H2. B. C4H4. C. C6H6. D. C8H8. Cu 23: Tin hanh trung hp 10,4 gam stiren c hn hp X gm polistiren va stiren (d). Cho X tac dung vi 200 ml dung dich Br 2 0,15M, sau o cho dung KI d vao thy xut hin 1,27 gam iot. Hiu sut trung hp stiren l A. 60%. B. 75%. C. 80%. D. 83,33%. Cu 24: hiro ho etylbenzen ta c stiren; trng hp stiren ta c polistiren vi hiu sut chung 80%. Khi lng etylbenzen cn dng sn xut 10,4 tn polisitren l: A.13,52 tn. 8,48 tn. B. 10,6 tn. C. 13,25 tn. D.

Cu 25: t chy hon ton hirocacbon X cho CO 2 v H2O theo t l mol 1,75 : 1 v th tch. Cho bay hi hon ton 5,06 gam X thu c

139 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
mt th tch hi ng bng th tch ca 1,76 gam oxi trong cng iu kin. Nhn xt no sau y l ng i vi X ? A. X khng lm mt mu dung dch Br 2 nhng lm mt mu dung dch KMnO4 un nng. B. X tc dng vi dung dch Br2 to kt ta trng. C. X c th trng hp thnh PS. D. X tan tt trong nc. Cu 26: t chy hon ton m gam hirocacbon A, thu c m gam H2O. Cng thc phn t ca A (150 < MA < 170) l: A. C4H6. B. C8H12. C. C16H24. D. C12H18 Cu 27: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol C xHy thu c 20,16 lt CO 2 (ktc) v 10,8 gam H2O (lng). Cng thc ca CxHy l: A. C7H8. B. C8H10. C. C10H14. D. C9H12 Cu 28: A (CxHy) l cht lng iu kin thng. t chy A to ra CO2 v H2O v mCO2 : mH2O = 4,9 : 1. Cng thc phn t ca A l: A. C7H8. B. C6H6. C. C10H14. D. C9H12. Cu 29: Cho a gam cht A (CxHy) chy thu c 13,2 gam CO 2 v 3,6 gam H2O. Tam hp A thu c B, mt ng ng ca ankylbenzen. Cng thc phn t ca A v B ln lt l: A. C3H6 v C9H8. B. C2H2 v C6H6. C. C3H4 v C9H12.D. C9H12 v C3H4. Cu 30: t chay hoan toan mt th tich hi hp cht hu c A cn 10 th tich oxi (o cung iu kin nhit v p sut), san phm thu c chi gm CO2 va H2O vi mCO2 : mH2O = 44 : 9. Bit MA < 150. A co cng thc phn t la A. C4H6O. B. C8H8O. C. C8H8. D.C2H2

Cu 31: t chy ht 2,295 gam 2 ng ng ca benzen A, B thu c 2,025 gam H2O v CO2. Dn ton b lng CO2 vo 250 ml dung dch NaOH 1M thu c m gam mui. Gi tr ca m v thnh phn ca mui A. 16,195 (2 mui). C. 7,98 (NaHCO3) B. 16,195 (Na2CO3). D. 10,6 (Na2CO3).

Cu 32: A, B, C la ba cht hu c co %C, %H (theo khi lng) ln lt la 92,3% va 7,7%, ti l khi lng mol tng ng la 1: 2 : 3. T A co th iu ch B hoc C bng mt phan ng. C khng lam mt mau nc

140 Nhm 2 11A4

Chuyn Hirocacbon
brom. t 0,1 mol B ri dn toan b san phm chay qua binh ng dung dich nc vi trong d. a. Khi lng binh tng hoc giam bao nhiu gam ? A. Tng 21,2 gam. 21,2 gam. A. Tng 21,2 gam. giam 21,2 gam. B. Tng 40 gam. C. Giam 18,8 gam. D. Giam

b. Khi lng dung dch tng hoc giam bao nhiu gam ? B. tng 40 gam. C. giam 18,8 gam. D.

Cu 33: iu ch benzen trong cng nghip ngi ta thng s dng ngun no sau y? A. Kh ao h, kh l cc, kh du m C. Than cc, kh thin nhin B. Kh l cc, nha than D. Du m, nha than

Cu 34: Hp cht no sau y khng c kh nng trng hp: (1)Axetilen (2) Naphtalen (3)Stiren (4) Vinyl axetilen (5)Axit axetic (6)Phenol A. 1,3,4 B.2,5,6 C.1,2,3,4,6 D.2,3,6

Cu 35: Khi t chy benzen cho nhiu mui than hn khi t chy hexan v: A. Benzen l hp cht c vng B. Benzen c h lin kt khp kn C. Hexan c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh D. T s H/C ca benzen thp hn hexan Cu 36: Khi chng ct than 80-170oC s thu c: A. Du nh Hc n B. Du nng C. Du trung D.

Hidrocacbon X l ng ng ca benzen c cng thc n gin l (C3H4)n. CTPT ca X l: A. C12H16 C. C9H12 A. X l toluene , Y l heptan C. X l hexan, Y l toluene B. C6H8 D. C12H16 hoc C15H20 T.N.T B. X l benzen , Y l toluene D. X l xiclohexan , Y l toluene

Cu 37: Xt s phn ng sau: X Y

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Cu 38: Mc ch ca cracking du m l: A. Tng hm lng xng C. iu ch hidrocacbon khng no Cu 39: Benzen c tnh cht: A. D tham gia phn ng th, kh tham gia phn ng cng v bn vi cc cht oxi ha B. Kh tham gia phn ng th nhng d tham gia phn ng cng C. Kh th v kh cng D. D th, d cng, bn vi cc cht oxi ha Cu 40: Du m nc ta c c im: A. Nhiu paraffin, hp cht lu hunh B. t parafin, nhiu hp cht lu hunh C. Nhiu ankan, t lu hunh D. t paraffin, t lu hunh Cu 41: Chng ct nha than s thu c sn phm chnh l: A. Hc n C. Cc hidrocacbon B. Hidrocacbon thm, d vng thm D. iezen B. iu ch kh hidro D. iu ch polime

Cu 42: Nitro ha benzen thu c hai cht X, Y hn km nhau mt nhm NO2. t chy hon ton 19,4 gam hn hp X, Y thu c H 2O, CO2 v 2,24 lt N2(ktc). Hy chn ng cch cp dn xut: A. C6H5NO2, C6H4(NO2)2 C. C6H4(NO2)3, C6H4(NO2)4 B. C6H4(NO2)2, C6H4(NO2)3 D. C6H4(NO2)2, C6H4(NO2)4

Cu 43: Khi vng benzen c sn nhm ankyl phn ng th vo vng s(1)v u tin xy ra v tr (2). T thch hp cn thiu cu trn l: A. (1): d dng hn, (2): ortho v para. B. (1): d dng hn, (2): meta. C. (1): kh khn hn, (2): ortho v para. D. (1): d dng hn, (2): meta. Cu 44: Cht no sau y lm mt mu nc brom? A. stiren, butadien-1,3, isopentin, etylen B. isopropylbenzen, pentin-2, propylen

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C. xiclopropan, benzen, isobutylen, propin D. toluen, axetylen, butin-1, propen
xt ,t Cu 45: A toluen + 4H2. Vy A l:
o

A. metyl xiclo hexan.B. metyl xiclo hexen. C. n-hexan.D. n-heptan. Cu 46: Stiren khng phn ng c vi nhng cht no sau y ? A. dd Br2.B. khng kh H2 ,Ni,to. C. dd KMnO4.D. dd NaOH. Cu 47: 1 ankylbenzen A(C9H12),tc dng vi HNO3 c (H2SO4 ) theo t l mol 1:1 to ra 1 dn xut mononitro duy nht . Vy A l: A. n-propylbenzen. C. iso-propylbenzen A.benzen ; nitrobenzen. C.nitrobenzen;benzen. B. p-etyl,metylbenzen. D.1,3,5-trimetylbenzen. B. benzen,brombenzen D.nitrobenzen; brombenzen

Cu 48: C2H2 A B m-brombenzen. A v B ln lt l:

Cu 49: Cho hn hp A gm cc hi v kh: 0,3 mol benzene, 0,2 mol stiren v 1,4 mol hidro vo mt bnh kn, xc tc Ni. un nng bnh kn mt thi gian thu c hn hp B gm cc cht:xiclohexan, etyl xiclohexan, benzen , etylbenzen, stiren v hidro. t chy ton b B ri cho hp th ht sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch nc vi trong d. tng khi lng bnh nc vi trong l: A. 205,4 C. 340 A. Than gy Than m B. Than bn B. 149,6 D. 47 C. Than m D.

Cu 50: Nguyn liu iu ch than cc l:

Cu 51: Trong cc cht C6H5OH, C6H5COOH, C6H6, C6H5CH3 cht kh th brom nht l: A. C6H5OH B. C6H5COOH C. C6H6 D. C6H5CH3 Cu 52: Sn phm chnh ca phn ng naphtalen tc dng vi brom l: A. 1-bromnaphtalen B. 2-bromnaphtalen

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C. 5,8-dibromnaphtalen D. 5-bromnaphtalen

Cu 53: t chy 100 lt kh thin nhin cha 96%CH 4, 2%N2, 2%CO2 (v s mol). Th tch CO2 thi vo khng kh l: A. 98 B. 100 C. 94 D. 96 Cu 54: iu no sau y sai khi ni v du m? A.L mt hn hp lng, snh, mu sm, c mi c trng B.Nh hn nc, khng tan trong nc C.L hn hp phc tp ca nhiu loi hidrocacbon khc nhau D.Trong du m khng c cht v c Cu 55: Nguyn t c hm lng ln nht trong du m: A. C B. H C. O D. S Cu 56: Phng php dng chng ct du m: A.Chng ct di p sut thngB.Chng ct di p sut thp C.Chng ct di p sut caoD.Tt c u ng Cu 57: Phng php tng ch s octan l: A. Rifominh C. Chng ct di p sut cao B. Cracking D. Lc

Cu 58: Th tch khng kh cn dng t chy hon ton 0,1 mol benzen v 0,2 mol stiren l A. 84 B. 61,6 C. 98 D. 308 Cu 59: Tnh thm l c tnh A. C mi thm c trng B. D tham gia phn ng cng, kh tham gia phn ng th C. D tham gia phn ng th v kh tham gia phn ng cng D. D tham gia phn ng th v cng Cu 60: Bng phn ng no chng t toluene c tnh cht ca hidrocacbon no? A. Phn ng vi dung dch bromB. Phn ng nitro ha C. Phn ng vi thuc tmD. Phn ng chy Cu 61: Chng ct mt loi du m thu c 16% etxng, 20% du ha v 16% mazut (tnh theo khi lng). em cracking du mazut

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thu c thm 58% etxng. Khi lng etxng c th thu c t 100 tn du m l A. 5,08 B. 50,6 C. 25,28 D. 40,1 Cu 62: Cu no sai trong cc cu sau: A. Benzen c kh nng tham gia phn ng th tng i d hn phn ng cng. B. Benzen tham gia phn ng th d hn ankan. C. Cc ng ng ca benzen lm mt mu dung dch thuc tm khi un nng. D. Cc nguyn t trong phn t benzen cng nm trn mt mt phng. Cu 63: Cu pht biu no sau y l chnh xc nht: A. Aren l hirocacbon c mch vng v c th gn c nhiu nhnh khc trn vng . B. Aren l hirocacbon thm, no c tnh i xng trong phn t. C. Aren l hp cht c mt hay nhiu nhnh ankyl gn trn nhn benzen. D. Aren l hp cht hu c c cha vng benzen. Cu 64: Benzen khng tan trong nc v l do no sau y: A. Benzen l cht hu c, nc l cht v c nn khng tan vo nhau. B. Benzen c khi lng ring b hn nc C. Phn t benzen l phn t phn cc D. Phn t benzen l phn t khng phn cc, nc l dung mi c cc Cu 65: Benzen c dng : A.Tng hp polime lm cht do, cao su, t, si B.Lm dung mi C.Lm du bi trn D.C A v B ng.
as Cu 66: Cho bit sn phm ca phn ng: C6H6 + 3Cl2 ?

A.C6H6Cl6

B.C6H5Cl

C.C6H4Cl2

D.Mt sn phm khc.

Cu 67: Kh thin nhin v kh m du A. Ging nhau hon ton B. Khc nhau hon ton

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C. Ging nhau v thnh phn nhng khc v lng cht D. Khc nhau v thnh phn nhng ging v lng cht Cu 68: Mt hirocacbon thm A c hm lng cacbon l 90,57%. CTPT ca A l: A. C6H6 A. C12H10 B. C7H8 B. C10H10 C. C8H10 C. C10H8 D. C9H12 D. C12H12 Cu 69: Cng thc phn t ca naphtalen l:

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Cu 70: Ch s octan ca hidrocacbon gim nh sau: A. aren > anken c nhnh > ankan c nhnh > xicloankan c nhnh B. aren > ankan c nhnh > anken c nhnh > xicloankan c nhnh C. aren > ankan c nhnh > xicloankan c nhnh D. aren > ankan c nhnh > xicloankan c nhnh > anken

Ti liu tham kho

Bi tp ha hc hu c (Phan Thanh Sn Nam) Bi ging ha hc trng tm (Cao C Gic) Bi tp l thuyt v thc nghim ha hc (Cao C Gic) Phn loi v phng php gii ton h hc hu c (Quan Hn Thnh) Gii thi H cc nm (L Thanh Xun) S phn ng ha hc (Quan Hn Thnh) Tuyn tp thi Olympic cc nm Cc trang web: tailiu.vn, dethi.violet,...

MC LC
BI TP T LUN 2
A. BI TP T LUN C LI GII2 I.BI TP L THUYT2 1. ankan xicloankan...2 2. anken21 3. ankaien28 4. ankin31 5. hirocacbon thm ngun hirocacbon t thin nhin32 6. tng hp hirocacbon..57 II. BI TP TON63 B. BI TP T LUN C P N98

BI TP TRC NGHIM..100