Chng 2: Giao tip thu bao ti mng in thoi (Quay s, Cc chc nng BOSRCHT: Cp ngun B, Bo v qu p O, Rung chung R, Gim

st S, M ha C, Sai ng S, Kim tra T) Chng 3: Chuyn mch s trong tng i (Bi tp T, S, TS, STS, TST) Chng 4: Bo hiu(nh tuyn bo hiu, Bo hiu knh chung v kt hp, Tones v m bo) Chng 5: iu khin h thng (Cu trc phn cng, phn mm iu khin v cc c cu d phng). 1: 1. Phn tch chc nng gim st ca giao tip thu bao S.(Supervision)(Ch2) - c thc hin bi khi SLIC (Subscriber Loop Interface Circuit) - Da vo in tr mch vng pht hin trng thi nhc t my v quay s thng qua HSO (Hook Status Operator) - Da vo photo-diode cch ly mass tng t v s. Khi t my Z t my ln -> I ng dy nh, Led Opto khng sng->Opto tt-> HSO=High ->Led iu khin tt (Xem thm hnh v) Khi nhc my Z t my nh -> I ng dy ln ln (>20mA), Led Opto sng->Opto m-> HSO=Low ->Led iu khin sng Mi card thu bao c mt Led ch cho ngi iu hnh

-Yu cu chnh xc, chu k qut nh hn s bin ng ca xung quay s. c thm chc nng khc: cp ngun, qu p, rung chung, m ha, sai ng, kim tra. (BOSRCHT) (Chng 2) 2. Trnh by c cu d phng phn ti.(C5)- Hai b x l c phn ti ngu nhin v khng trng nhau nh b Ex gim st. - Khi xy ra s c th tp trung ton b ti vo b x l cn li, b hng t ng tch ra. - u im: Thi gian cao im th cng sut cu 2 b VXL vn m bo c lu lng ln. Thng c s dng cc tng i cp cao - Khuyt: Mt kim sot mt cng vic khi 1 trong 2 b VXL b li c bit trong trng hp nu s c din ra khi thu bao ang quay s.->Khc phc bng cch to c cu d phng nng. c thm: c cu d phng cp ng b, d phng nng, d phng cp n+1. Chng 5. 3. Trnh by nh tuyn cho tn hiu tones v m bo - Trong tng i SPC, cc b m bo thng c phn b ti cc b tp trung thu bao theo phng php 1 ng phn b ti nhiu ng. - B lu tr bn tin thng bo c phn b ti khi chuyn mch chnh, v cc bn tin ny mang tnh cht dch v, t lin quan n tin trnh x l cuc gi. - Vic nh tuyn cho cc m bo ti cc thu bao c thc hin bng lung s PCM.

- Ti u ra ca thit b to m l cc tn hiu s, mi 1 m bo khc nhau c cha trong mt TS ring v n c chuyn qua khi chuyn mch tp trung thu bao hay khi chuyn mch nhm nh qu trnh chuyn i tn hiu thai. Tn hiu t b to m phi m bo v ln n thc hin chuyn mch ti nhiu u ra c yu cu cng lc. - Vi cc bn tin thng bo, thng thng n c truy cp ti khe thi gian trung gian ca khi chuyn mch chnh v c thc hin chuyn mch nh tn hiu thai.

4. Chuyn mch TST c 32 khe thi gian trong mt khung. Xt s trao i thng tin gia TS6/PCM1 & TS3/PCM4, gi s 1 khe thi gian ri tm thy c trong chuyn mch S l TS8. 2: 1. Phn tch u im ca h thng bo hiu knh chung - Tnh kinh t: ch s dng mt hoc vi knh ring phc v cho vic bo hiu ca nhiu knh thoi, nhiu ng trung k nn vi s lng thu bao ln r rng s s dng t thit b hn. - Nhanh: mt knh thoi c th s dng knh bo hiu bt k khe thi gian no min l n cn ri theo nguyn tc trc nht. Bn tin khng b chia l t ra mi ln 4 bit(tng ng khe 2ms) nh bo hiu knh kt hp. VD: S dng 6 s quay th ch mt 6x125us < 1ms nn nhanh hn bo hiu knh kt hp. - Tin cy: bo hiu khng i chung vi tn hiu thoi nn nu b li trong qu trnh truyn i c th yu cu chuyn li ->u im hn nhiu so vi vic bo hiu v tn hiu thoi i trn chung mt ng, nu sai s dn n nhm thu bao ngay. - Dung lng cao, c th s dng mt knh ring cho nhiu (c 2000) knh thoi. - Linh hot: Cc knh thoi c nhu cu cn sp hng ch knh bo hiu phc v, n trc cp pht trc do thc hin cp pht bo hiu theo nhu cu, gim c ri khng cn thit, tng hiu sut s dng knh v tnh d phng ca h thng. c thm v bo hiu knh kt hp. Chng 4. 2. Trnh by cu trc iu khin a x l phn theo chc nng. Mi chc nng ca h thng c giao cho mt nhm b x l: + u im: - Phn mm c tnh h thng v tnh chuyn mn ha cao. - Thch hp vi cc h thng ln v h thng cng phc tp th phn theo chc nng cng hot ng hiu qu. + Khuyt: - Cc tng i thng xuyn trao i thng tin cho nhau nn cn c tnh ton trnh xy ra cc s c v xung t. - i vi cc h thng nh, nu cng nhc phn chia theo chc nng s dn n vic lng ph v khng tn dng ht dung lng v kh nng x l. - Khi mt b x l hng th c th lm t lit ton h thng. Cc b x l khng h tr ln nhau.

c thm v cu trc iu khin phn theo module. Chng 5. 3. Trnh by phng n to tones & bo tin thng bo C 2 k thut : tng t v s, v s tng ng vi mi phng php

(Phn IV.4.3 B to tone v cc bn tin thng bo) - Dng k thut tng t:

+ C nhiu cu trc b to tone. + Cu trc n gin gm b to dao ng vi cc mch iu khin ngt nhp khc nhau nh r le hoc cng in t. + Cc tn hiu ny phi c chuyn i sang dng s chn vo cc tuyn PCM a n cc u cui qua trng chuyn mch. + Nhc im: Cng knh. Khng c tnh kinh t. Khng c tin cy cao. - Dng k thut s:

+ To tone: Hu ht cc tng i SPC hin nay s dng b to tone s. Cc b to tone ny c th to ra nhiu loi tone khc nhau, phn bit vi nhau bi di ngn ca tone. Cc phn t b to tone s: o B nh ROM: lu tr cc loi tone tng ng dng tn hiu s. o Mch iu khin tone theo chu k. o B iu khin c ROM v mt s b iu khin khc. Hot ng: o B nh ROM lu cc tone tng ng c m ha v c c ra theo a ch do bn chu k xc nh. o Thi im pht tone qua trng chuyn mch c iu khin nh b SELECTOR. B SELECTOR bao gm cc b ghp knh logic s m chuyn mch ng vo v ng ra ph thuc vo a ch do b iu khin cung cp.

u im: tnh kinh t ca phng php ny cao, nht l i vi cc tn hiu c chu k (v lc ch cn np vo ROM chu k ca tone l , cn i vi tn hiu ko c chu k th phi np ton b tn hiu). +To bn tin thng bo: Cc bn tin thng bo c lu tr trong bng, a t, b nh sao cho vic truy cp c d dng nht. Trn thc t s dng 2 phng php lu tr sau: o Tt c bn tin c s ha thnh tng bit nh phn v lu vo thit b lu tr. Phng php ny n gin, cht lng, nhng tn km khng gian b nh. o Kiu bn tin thng bo c dng cc cu, t hp ch ci c chung mt m tit c lu vo cc v ROM, RAM truy xut theo 1 a ch thch hp. Phng php ny iu khin phc tp nhng tit kim b nh. o Do trn thc t ngi ta lu nhng bn tin c nh vo ROM, cn nhng bn tin c th thay i hoc cc dch v mi th lu vo RAM tng tnh linh hot v thun thin trong vic sa i, b sung.

4. Chuyn mch STS 24 khe thi gian trong mt khung. Xt s trao i thng tin gia TS9/PCM4 vi TS4/PCM3. Gi s khe ri tm thy trong chuyn mch l TS12. 3:
1. Ghp knh thng k, mc ch hiu qu. Ghp knh thng k l mt kiu ghp knh rt hiu qu. Trong ghp knh thng k, mt s nhnh c kt hp bi s phn chia ng ph thuc vo ni dung ca n. Qu trnh ghp knh thng k khng theo quy lut no c m n ty thuc v ni duung ca nhnh mi thi im. Tuy nhin, nu nh mi nhnh c thi gian chim gi cao th ghp knh thng k khng ci thin c t l ghp so vi ghp knh phn chia theo thi gian. Nhng do s lu thng ca cc knh bo hiu l thp, ko b trn hay mt ni dung trc khi n b thu pht bo hiu nn ghp knh thng k c s dng khai thc trit hiu qu ca n. Mc ch: lm gim s lng ng ni kh ln t S/R CSS n thu bao, nhm m bo s hiu qu v mt s dng v kinh t, thay cho vic s dng ghp knh phn chia theo thi gian ko hiu qu lm. Ti liu TDDT ca thy Vin, chng 4 /4.27. 2. So snh cu trc a x l theo module & chc nng. R 3. u im ca bo hiu knh chung.(R) 4. Chuyn mch STS vi s trao i thng tin gia TS1/PCM2 v TS3/PCM1. S ngyn l & nhn xt. 4: 1.Bo v qu p trong SLTU. - Bo v khi c in p cao xut hin trn ng dy nh st, in p cm ng, chp ng dy thoi vi ng dy in p li - S dng cc bin php: ng phng, ht n ni vi t, gi u dy, diode, bin p cch li - Yu cu thi gian phng in nh hn 1ms.

2. Giao tip thu bao tng t LD.

Thu bao LD: bao gm c bo hiu ng dy v tn hiu chn s u c thc hin theo kiu ct mch vng LD. +Tn hiu ng dy c tch ra khi ng dy thu bao bi b SLTU, sau chng c thu thp ti khi iu khin SLTU chuyn i t tn hiu LD sang tn hiu trng thi ri gi n h thng iu khin tng i x l v c nhng thao tc thch hp. +Tn hiu thoi c a vo khi chuyn mch tp trung thu bao v a ti khi chuyn mch nhm. 3. Trong chuyn mch TS, trao i thng tin gia hai khe thi gian TS11/ PSM1 v TS3/PSM2. 5: 1. Trnh by bo hiu knh kt hp. - Tn hiu bo hiu c n nh, kt hp cht ch vi knh thoi m n iu khin. c chia lm hai loi: + Bo hiu thanh ghi: truyn i tt c cc thng tin lin quan n tuyn ni cuc gi nh: s thu bao, c tnh ca thu bao + Bo hiu ng dy (bo hiu trng thi) l bo hiu c truyn dn gia cc thit b u cui kim tra thng xuyn trng thi ng truyn v cc mch kt cui. Phng php truyn: + ng tip ng (link by link): Thng dng cho bo hiu ng dy. Tn hiu lun c truyn i v tm lu tng qung ca tuyn ni. + im ni im (end to end): Thng dng cho bo hiu thanh ghi. Khng c tnh chnh xc cao. Tn hiu lun c truyn i gia cc u cui ca tuyn ni theo tin trin ca n. - Cc k thut truyn bo hiu + Bo hiu DC: Tn hiu bo hiu nm trong knh thoi (trong bng). Tn hiu ny c truyn dng xung nh thay i cc tnh hoc tr khng ca dy dn. Thng thng h thng lm vic vi 3 trng thi hng ti (tr khng ng dy thp, tr khng ng dy cao, cc tnh tch cc) v vi 2 trng thi hng v (cc tnh bnh thng, cc tnh o). + Bo hiu AC: Tn hiu bo hiu nm trong knh thoi nhng trng phm vi tn s khc. Bo hiu trong bng:

i vi tn hiu trong bng, tn s c chn l 2400Hz, y l tn s c xc sut phng to b nht. o Cc gii php k thut vi loi bo hiu ny ( phn bit vi thng tin thoi): Thc hin bo hiu vi tn s 0.3 3,4 KHz nhng thi gian tn ti lu hn. Phn bit bo hiu v m thoi v mc in, pp ny t dng v d gy qu ti ng dy. Dng nng lng ph ca tn hiu. Chn t hp 2 tn s. Bo hiu ngoi bng: S dng tn s thng l 3825Hz. Cc b lc d dng lc cc bng tn thoi v pht hin tn hiu bo hiu chnh xc, v vy ko nh hng ti knh thoi, nhng trng hp ny c th lm tng chi ph ca thit b. + Bo hiu PCM: Tn hiu bo hiu trong mt khe thi gian, cc knh thoi ng phn chia c nh theo chu k (bo hiu PCM trong TS16) 2. Trnh by nh tuyn thu bao MF - V hnh nh tuyn bo hiu cho thu bao tng t o

- Thu bao MF: tn hiu bo hiu ng dy l tn hiu dng LD, tn hiu bo hiu chn s (a ch) l tn hiu dng MF. +Tn hiu ng dy c tch ra khi ng dy thu bao bi b SLTU, sau chng c thu thp ti khi iu khin SLTU chuyn i t tn hiu LD sang tn hiu trng thi ri gi n h thng iu khin tng i x l v c nhng thao tc thch hp. +Tn hiu chn s i cng vi thoi qua b chuyn mch tp trung thu bao n b thu pht MF qua ni kt call by call. B thu MF c th dng chung cho mt s ln ng dy thu bao vi mc ch gim chi ph thit b. c thm nh tuyn bo hiu cho thu bao LD, thu bao s. Chng 4. 3. iu khin phn theo module -Cc module ca tng i c b x l ring x l hu ht cc chc nng ca module. -u im: Kh nng pht trin dung lng d dng. Vic thay i iu chnh , kim tra, o lng, thch hp vi nhng tng i ang pht trin v cha nm r dung lng. -Khuyt im: Vic trao i thng tin gia cc module thng qua ng truyn s liu l khng thun tin, km n nh v d xy ra li do vic gn card v cc l do m, tip xc

1/ Phn bit gia bo hiu knh chung v bo hiu knh kt hp (bo hiu knh ring) *Trong bo hiu knh chung CCS, cc tn hiu bo hiu c tch ring khi tn hiu thu bao v thu nhp vo mt knh chung v c truyn trn tuyn c tc cao gia cc b x l ca cc tng i in t SPC c iu khin theo chng trnh. H thng bo hiu CCS c th truyn thng tin bo hiu theo 2 chiu, mc d cc knh thoi c bn hay khng. Do CCS nng cao c hiu qu ca ton mng. * Trong knh kt hp CAS, tn hiu bo hiu c truyn trong knh thoi hoc trong knh ln cn. H thng bo hiu R2-MFC l mt mu in hnh ca bo hiu kt hp. Bo hiu knh kt hp c mt s hn ch nh tng i chm, ch thch hp vi mng in thoi c dung lng va v nh.