Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TP. CN TH 2013
Bi 1
XC NH CATION NHM I
( Ag + , Pb + + , Hg 2
++
Mc tiu hc tp
1. Nu c hin tng c trng khi cation nhm I tc dng vi cc thuc th. 2. Thao tc ng k thut, xc nh c cc cation nhm I theo cc bc. STT 1 2 NI DUNG THC HNH Chun b dng c: ng nghim sch, kp ng nghim, cc c m, khn tay. Chun b thuc th: 2.1. Thuc th nhm: HCl 2 N 2.2. Thuc th phn bit: NH 4 OH 2 N 2.3. Thuc th cation: K 2 CrO4 5%, KI 5%, Na 2 CO3 5%, ( NH 4 ) 2 S , H 2 SO4 2N, CH 3COOH long, NaOH 2 N Phng php tin hnh: Lm phn ng vi thuc th nhm: - 5 git DD Ag + + 5 git HCl 2 N trng xut hin + tng git NH 4 OH , tan - 5 git DD Pb ++ + 5 git HCl 2 N trng xut hin + tng git NH 4 OH , khng tan ++ - 5 git DD Hg 2 + 5 git HCl 2 N trng xut hin + tng git NH 4 OH , khng tan, ha en Lm cc phn ng vi thuc th cation: 3.2.1 Ion bc ( Ag + ) - 5 git DD Ag + + 5 git KI 5% vng + K CrO Ag - 5 git DD + 5 git 2 thm 4 5% + Na CO Ag - 5 git DD + 5 git trng 2 3 5% xm 3.2.2 Ion ch ( Pb ++ ) - 5 git DD Pb ++ + 5 git ( NH 4 ) 2 S en ++ - 5 git DD Pb + 5 git K 2 CrO4 5% vng ti Chia kt ta ra lm 2, cho vo 2 ng nghim + ng 1: Thm CH 3COOH long khng tan NaOH + ng 2: Thm 2N tan - 5 git DD Pb ++ + 5 git KI 5% vng + CH 3COOH long + H 2 O un nng tan, ngui kt tinh tinh th vng ng nh. - 5 git DD Pb ++ + 5 git H 2 SO4 2 N trng ++ Na CO - 5 git DD Pb + 5 git trng 2 3 5% C KHNG
3 3.1
3.2
Dc S Trung cp
xm
en lc
xanh
+ 5 git K 2 CrO4 5%
xm
DD gc + 2 N C kt ta trng
khng tan, ha en Tm
khng tan Tm
tan Tm
Dc S Trung cp
Bi 2
Mc tiu hc tp
1. Nu c hin tng c trng khi cation nhm II, III tc dng vi thuc th nhm. 2. Thao tc ng k thut, xc nh c cation nhm I, II v III theo cc bc. STT 1 2 NI DUNG THC HNH C Chun b dng c: ng nghim sch, kp ng nghim, cc c m, khn tay. Chun b thuc th: 2.1 Thuc th nhm: H 2 SO4 2 N, NaOH 2 N 2.2 Thuc th cation: K 2 CrO4 5%, ( NH 4 ) 2 C 2O4 , ( NH 4 ) 2 S , Na 2 CO3 5%, NH 4OH , NH 4Cl , HCl 2 N, H 2 SO4 , CuSO4 , CH 3COOH long, H 2O2 , Montique A v B, KMnO4 , Aluminon, cn 700 Phng php tin hnh : Th cation nhm II thuc th nhm : - 5 git DD Ba ++ + 5 git H 2 SO4 2 N trng xut hin - 5 git DD Ca ++ + 5 git H 2 SO4 2 N khng + Ethanol 700 n khi xut hin trng keo. Th cation nhm III thuc th nhm - 5 git DD Zn ++ + 5 git NaOH 2 N tng git c trng xut hin, nh tip th tan. - 5 git DD Al +++ + 5 git NaOH 2 N tng git c trng xut hin, nh tip th tan. Lm cc phn ng vi thuc th cation: 3.3.1 Ion bari ( Ba ++ ) - 5 git DD Ba ++ + 5 git K 2 CrO4 5% vng ti - 5 git DD Ba ++ + 1 git KMnO4 + 5 git H 2 SO4 2 N c , ly tm, nh thm 1 git H 2 O2 lc nh DD mt mu, cn mu trng hng. 3.3.2 Ion canxi ( Ca ++ ) - 5 git DD Ca ++ + 5 git ( NH 4 ) 2 C 2 O4 trng (ta ny tan trong HCl , khng tan trong CH 3COOH long. - 5 git DD Ca ++ + 5 git Na2 CO3 5% trng. 3.3.3 Ion km ( Zn ++ ) - 5 git DD Zn ++ + 1 git CH 3COOH long + 5 git Montequi A + 1 git Montequi B tm sim. - 5 git DD Zn ++ + 5 git ( NH 4 ) 2 S trng. - 5 git DD Zn ++ + 5 git Na 2 CO3 5% trng. 3.3.4 Ion nhm ( Al +++ ) - 5 git DD Al +++ + vi git Aluminon, lc mnh
Dc S Trung cp
KHNG
3 3.1
3.2
3.3
hng. - 5 git DD Al +++ + 5 git NH 4Cl + 5 git NH 4OH trng keo. - 5 git DD Al +++ + 5 git Na 2 CO3 5% trng. XC NH CATION NHM I, II, III TRONG DUNG DCH GC THEO S SAU: tan C + khng tan xm en C trng Tm
Ag +
Tm Tm Hg 2 ++
Tm
C trng
Tm
Tm
Tm
Dc S Trung cp
Bi 3
XC NH CATION NHM IV
( Fe ++ , Fe +++ , Bi +++ ) ( FeSO4 , FeCl 3 , Bi ( NO3 ) 3 )
MC TIU HC TP
1. Nu c hin tng c trng khi cation nhm IV tc dng vi thuc th nhm, lm c cc phn ng. 2. Thao tc ng k thut, xc nh cc cation nhm I, II, III v IV theo cc bc. STT 1 2 NI DUNG THC HNH Chun b dng c: ng nghim sch, kp ng nghim, cc c m, khn tay. Chun b thuc th: 2.1 Thuc th nhm: NH 4 Cl 5%, NH 4 OH 5%, H 2 O2 3% 2.2 Thuc th cation: Na 2 CO3 5%, K 3 [ Fe(CN ) 6 ] 1,1%, HCl 2 N, KSCN 5%, KI 5%, K 4 [ Fe(CN ) 6 ] 1,1%, ( NH 4 ) 2 S . Phng php tin hnh : Lm phn ng vi thuc th nhm : - 5 git DD Fe ++ + 5 git H 2 O2 3% + 5 git NH 4 Cl 5% + 5 git NH 4 OH 5% nu. - 5 git DD Fe +++ + 5 git H 2 O2 3% + 5 git NH 4 Cl 5% + 5 git NH 4 OH 5% nu. - 5 git DD Bi +++ + 5 git H 2 O2 3% + 5 git NH 4 Cl 5% + 5 git NH 4 OH 5% vng nht. Lm cc phn ng vi thuc th cation: 3.2.1 Th ion Fe ++ vi cc thuc th: - 5 git DD Fe ++ + 5 git K 3 [ Fe(CN ) 6 ] 1,1% xanh thm - 5 git DD Fe ++ + 5 git Na2 CO3 5% xanh nu. 3.2.2 Th ion Fe +++ vi cc thuc th: - 5 git DD Fe +++ + 5 git K 4 [ Fe(CN ) 6 ] 1,1% xanh m, lc nh ta tan thnh dung dch c mu xanh lam. - 5 git DD Fe +++ + 5 git KSCN 5% mu - 5 git DD Fe +++ + 5 git NH 4 OH 5% nu - 5 git DD Fe +++ + 5 git Na 2 CO3 5% nu 3.2.3 Th ion Bi +++ vi cc thuc th: - 5 git DD Bi +++ + 5 git KI 5% en, tip tc cho KI 5% vo tan thnh dung dch mu vng cam. - 5 git DD Bi +++ + 5 git ( NH 4 ) 2 S en - 5 git DD Bi +++ + 5 git Na 2 CO3 5% trng v c bt kh thot ra. C KHNG
3 3.1
3.2
Dc S Trung cp
XC NH CATION NHM I, II, III V IV TRONG DUNG DCH GC THEO S SAU: en xanh nu trng + C trng tan DD gc + 2 N Khng DD gc + 2 N Khng + Ethanol 70o Khng DD gc + 2 N d C trng ri tan Sau Tm C trng Tm C trng C trng + khng tan Tm Tm
Tm Tm Tm
DD gc +
Tm
Trc
Tm
Dc S Trung cp
Bi 4
XC NH CATION NHM V
( Mg ++ , Cu ++ , Hg ++ ) ( MgCl 2 , MgSO4 , CuSO4 , HgCl 2 , Hg ( NO3 ) 2 )
MC TIU HC TP
1. Nu c hin tng c trng khi cation nhm V tc dng vi thuc th nhm, lm c cc phn ng. 2. Thao tc ng k thut, xc nh cc cation nhm I, II, III, IV v V theo cc bc. STT 1 2 NI DUNG THC HNH Chun b dng c: ng nghim sch, kp ng nghim, cc c m, khn tay. Chun b thuc th: 2.1 Thuc th nhm: NH 4 Cl 5%, NH 4 OH 5%, H 2 O2 3% 2.2 Thuc th cation: Na 2 CO3 5%, NaOH 2N, KI 5%, K 4 [ Fe(CN ) 6 ] 1,1%, ( NH 4 ) 2 S , Na 2 HPO4 5%. Phng php tin hnh : Lm phn ng vi thuc th nhm : - 5 git DD Mg ++ + 5 git H 2 O2 3% + 5 git NH 4 Cl 5% + 5 git NH 4 OH 5% khng c kt ta - 5 git DD Cu ++ + 5 git H 2 O2 3% + 5 git NH 4 Cl 5% + 5 git NH 4 OH 5% DD c mu xanh lam - 5 git DD Hg ++ + 5 git H 2 O2 3% + 5 git NH 4 Cl 5% + tng git NH 4 OH 5% n khi ta tan ht DD khng mu. Lm cc phn ng vi thuc th cation: 3.2.1 Th ion Cu ++ vi cc thuc th: - 5 git DD Cu ++ + tng git NH 4 OH 2 N tan, dung dch c mu xanh lam. - 5 git DD Cu ++ + 5 git K 4 [ Fe(CN ) 6 ] 1,1% . 3.2.2 Th ion Hg ++ vi cc thuc th: - 5 git DD Hg ++ + tng git KI 5% gch, cho tip KI 5% tan thnh dung dch khng mu. - 5 git DD Hg ++ + 5 git NaOH 2 N vng - 5 git DD Hg ++ + 5 git Na 2 CO3 5% nu hoc vng nu. 3.2.3 Th ion Mg ++ vi cc thuc th: - 5 git DD Mg ++ + 5 git NH 4 Cl 5% + 5 git NH 4 OH 5% + 5 git Na 2 HPO4 5% trng - 5 git DD Mg ++ + 5 git NaOH 2 N trng - 5 git DD Mg ++ + 5 git Na 2 CO3 5% trng C KHNG
3 3.1
3.2
Dc S Trung cp
XC NH CATION NHM I, II, III, IV V V TRONG DUNG DCH GC THEO S SAU: Xanh l Tm DD gc C mu R st Khng mu Tm
en nu xanh nu
Tm Tm Tm Tm tan Tm
DD gc +
C trng
trng +
C trng
Tm
C trng
Tm
Tm
Tm
Tm
Dc S Trung cp
Bi 5
XC NH CATION NHM VI
( NH 4 + , K + , Na + ) ( NH 4 Cl , ( NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , KBr , KI , K 2 HPO4 , Na 2 SO3 )
MC TIU HC TP
1. Nu c s khc nhau c bn ca cation nhm VI vi cation nm nhm u
khi tc dng vi Na 2 CO3 . 2. Thao tc ng k thut, xc nh cc cation nhm I n nhm VI theo cc bc. STT 1 2 NI DUNG THC HNH Chun b dng c: ng nghim sch, kp ng nghim, cc c m, khn tay. Chun b thuc th: Thuc th cation: NaOH 2N, thuc th Nessler, HClO 4 5%, C 4 H 6 O 4 10% (Acid Tactric), dung dch m, Acid Picric bo ha 1,25%, thuc th Streng. Phng php tin hnh : Lm cc phn ng vi thuc th cation: + Th ion NH 4 vi cc thuc th: - 5 git DD NH 4 + + 5 git NaOH 2N y ng nghim bng giy lc c tm dung dch Phenolphthalein trn giy lc c mu hng. - 5 git DD NH 4 + + 5 git Nessler nu hoc vng nu. Th ion K + vi cc thuc th: - 5 git DD K + + 5 git HClO 4 5% trng - 5 git DD K + + 5 git dung dch m + 5 git Acid Tactric trng (nu cha c kt ta th dng a thy tinh c thnh ng nghim) - 5 git DD K + + 5 git acid picric vng. Th ion Na + vi cc thuc th: - 5 git DD Na + + 5 git Streng vng l m. C KHNG
Dc S Trung cp
XC NH CATION NHM I N VI TRONG DUNG DCH GC THEO S SAU: Xanh l Tm DD gc C mu R st Khng mu Khng Tm Tm Tm Tm en nu xanh nu trng + trng DD gc + 2 N Khng DD gc + 2 N Khng + Ethanol 70o Khng DD gc + 2 N d khng tan DD gc + + + Khng Bi 6
Dc S Trung cp
DD gc +
Tm Tm Tm Tm tan Tm Tm
mu
C trng
Tm Trc
Tm Tm
Tm
XC NH ANION NHM I
( Cl , Br , I , S , NO3 ) ( MgCl2 , BaCl2 , CaCl2 , HgCl2 , KBr , ( NH 4 ) 2 S , KI )
MC TIU HC TP
1. Nu c hin tng c trng ca cc anion nhm I tc dng vi Ba ( NO3 ) 2 ,
AgNO3 .
2. Thao tc ng k thut, xc nh cc anion nhm I trong dung dch gc. STT 1 2 NI DUNG THC HNH Chun b dng c: ng nghim sch, kp ng nghim, cc c m, khn tay. Chun b thuc th: 2.1 Thuc th s b: Ba ( NO3 ) 2 5%, AgNO3 1,7%. 2.2 Thuc th anion: KMnO4 2%, thuc th Ba ( NO3 ) 2 Vilier Fayol, thuc th Fluoressein, thuc th Giess A v B, H 2 SO4 2N, ch th h tinh bt, NH 4OH 5%, nc Clor, HgCl2 2,7%, Pb(CH 3COO) 2 1%, km ht, Diphenylamin, KI 5%, Cloroform. Phng php tin hnh : Lm cc phn ng vi thuc s b: - 5 git DD Cl + 5 git Ba( NO3 ) 2 5% khng c - Thao tc tng t vi dung dch ion Br , I , S , NO3 - 5 git DD Cl + 5 git AgNO3 trng + HNO3 2 N khng tan - 5 git DD Br + 5 git AgNO3 vng nht + HNO3 2 N khng tan - 5 git DD I + 5 git AgNO3 vng nht + HNO3 2 N khng tan - 5 git DD S + 5 git AgNO3 en + HNO3 2 N khng tan - 5 git DD NO3 + 5 git AgNO3 khng c Lm cc phn ng vi thuc th anion: - 5 git DD Cl + 5 git KMnO4 + 2 git H 2 SO4 m c, y ng nghim bng giy lc tm Vilier Fayol sau vi pht c mu tm xanh. - 5 git DD Br + 5 git KMnO4 + 2 git H 2 SO4 2 N, y ng nghim bng giy lc tm Fluoressin giy chuyn t mu vng sang mu hng. - 5 git DD I + 5 git KMnO4 + 2 git H 2 SO4 2 N, y ng nghim bng giy lc tm h tinh bt sau vi pht c mu tm xanh. - 5 git DD Cl + 5 git AgNO3 trng + NH 4OH 5% tan - 5 git DD Br + 5 git nc Clor + 5 git Cloroform, C KHNG
3 3.1
3.2
Dc S Trung cp
lc nh quan st lp Cloroform c mu vng chanh. - 5 git DD I + 5 git HgCl2 2,7% son + DD KI 5% DD khng mu. - 5 git DD S + 5 git Pb(CH 3COO) 2 1% en. - 5 git DD NO3 + 1 ht km + 5 git thuc th Giess A + 5 git thuc th Giess B, lc nh DD mu hng. - 5 git DD NO3 + 1 git H 2 SO4 m c + 5 git Diphenylamin DD hoc xanh l.
DD gc +
Khng ta
Khng en
Tm Tm Tm Trc Sau Tm Tm
Dc S Trung cp
Bi 7
XC NH ANION NHM II
( AsO4 , AsO3 , PO4 , HCO3 , CO3 ( K 3 PO4 , K 2 HPO4 , NaHCO3 , Na 2 CO3 )
MC TIU HC TP
1. Nu c hin tng c trng ca cc anion nhm II tc dng vi thuc th s b v thuc th phn bit PO4 , HCO3 , CO3 .
2. Thao tc ng k thut, xc nh cc anion nhm I v II trong dung dch gc. STT 1 2 NI DUNG THC HNH Chun b dng c: ng nghim sch, kp ng nghim, cc c m, khn tay. Chun b thuc th: 2.1 Thuc th s b: Ba( NO3 ) 2 5%, AgNO3 1,7%, HNO3 2N 2.2 Thuc th anion: MgCl 2 5%, NH 4OH 5%, NH 4 Cl 5%, Hg ( NO3 ) 2 1,7%, HCl 2N, H 2 SO4 2 N, ( NH 4 ) 2 MoO4 10%, CH 3COOH long, km ht. Phng php tin hnh : Lm cc phn ng vi thuc s b: - 5 git DD AsO4 + 5 git Ba ( NO3 ) 2 5% trng + HNO3 2 N tan - Thao tc tng t vi dung dch ion AsO3 , PO4 , - 5 git DD AsO4 + 5 git AgNO3 - 5 git DD AsO3 - 5 git DD PO4 - 5 git DD CO3 3.2
KHNG
3 3.1
HCO3 , CO3
nu
vng
+ 5 git AgNO3
nht
vng
trng
trng
hi xm.
v AsO3 :
3.3
- 5 git DD AsO3 + 1 ht km + 5 git H 2 SO4 2N, y ng nghim bng giy lc tm AgNO3 giy chuyn mu en. - 5 git DD AsO4 + 1 ht km + 5 git H 2 SO4 2N, y ng nghim bng giy lc tm AgNO3 giy chuyn mu en. Lm phn ng chung ca HCO3 , CO3
- 5 git DD HCO3 + tng git CH 3COOH long quan st ng nghim c kh bay ln. - 5 git DD CO3 + tng git CH 3COOH long quan st ng nghim c kh bay ln.
Dc S Trung cp
nu. nu
+ 5 git Hg ( NO3 ) 2
vng
trng
3.5
Phn ng ca PO4 vi thuc th - 5 git DD PO4 + 2 git HNO3 + 5 git ( NH 4 ) 2 MoO4 10% vng (nu cha c ta th un nh). - 5 git DD PO4 + 5 git NH 4Cl 5% + 5 git NH 4OH 5% + 5 git MgCl 2 5% trng.
Tm Tm Tm Tm ,
nu vng
Tm Tm ,
Dc S Trung cp
Dc S Trung cp
Bi 8
MC TIU HC TP
1. Nu c hin tng c trng ca cc anion nhm III tc dng vi thuc th s b. 2. Thao tc ng k thut, xc nh c anion nhm III v xc nh c anion nhm I, II v III trong dung dch gc. STT 1 2 NI DUNG THC HNH Chun b dng c: ng nghim sch, kp ng nghim, cc c m, khn tay. Chun b thuc th: 2.1 Thuc th s b: Ba( NO3 ) 2 5%, AgNO3 1,7%, HNO3 2N 2.2 Thuc th anion: BaCl 2 5%, KMnO4 5%, H 2 O2 5%, HCl 2N, H 2 SO4 2 N, Pb(CH 3COO) 2 5%. Phng php tin hnh : Lm cc phn ng vi thuc s b: - 5 git DD SO4 + 5 git Ba( NO3 ) 2 5% trng + 5 git HNO3 2 N khng tan - 5 git DD SO3 + 5 git Ba ( NO3 ) 2 5% trng + 5 git HNO3 2 N khng tan (Do mui BaSO3 b xi ha thnh BaSO4 khng tan trong HNO3 2 N) - 5 git DD SO4 + 1 git AgNO3 khng c (nu nng SO4 c th c to - 5 git DD SO3 3.2
KHNG
3 3.1
)
trng
+ 1 git AgNO3
3.3
- 5 git DD SO3 + 5 git BaCl 2 5% trng + HCl 2N khng tan. - 5 git DD SO3 + 2 - 5 git H 2 SO4 2N, y ng nghim bng giy lc tm KMnO4 5%, un nh giy mt mu hng. Th Anion SO4 vi cc thuc th: - 5 git DD SO4 + 5 git BaCl 2 5% trng + HCl 2N khng tan. - 5 git DD SO4 + 1 git KMnO4 + 5 git HNO3 2 N + 5 git Ba( NO3 ) 2 5% lc k vo gi khong 5 pht em ly tm, nh 1 git H 2 O2 5% lc nh DD mt mu, ta trng hng.
Dc S Trung cp
trng.
DD gc +
Tm
Khng
Khng en
Tm Tm Tm Tm ,
DD gc + trng + 2N tan DD gc +
Khng
DD gc +
trng vng
nu vng vng
Tm Tm (trc) Tm (sau)
Dc S Trung cp
Bi 9
3.2
Dc S Trung cp
TM CATION Xanh l DD gc C mu R st Khng mu Khng Tm Tm Tm Tm en nu xanh nu trng + trng DD gc + 2 N Khng DD gc + 2 N Khng + Ethanol 70o Khng DD gc + 2 N d khng tan DD gc + + + Khng Tm C trng ri tan Sau C trng Tm Trc C trng C trng + khng tan Tm tan Tm Tm Tm Tm Tm Tm Tm
DD gc +
mu
Tm Tm
Dc S Trung cp
TM ANION
DD gc +
Kh DD gc +
trng
Tm
DD gc +
nu
Khng
Tm
Khng
Khng en
Tm Tm Tm Tm ,
DD gc + trng + 2N tan DD gc +
Khng
DD gc +
trng vng
nu vng vng
Tm Tm (trc) Tm (sau)
Dc S Trung cp