Vi mt hnh dng v kch c ng, bao b cha ng v bo v sn phm an ton t lc vn chuyn n khi phn phi n tay ngi tiu

dng. Ngoi ra, bao b phi cung cp thng tin cn thit v nh sn xut, m t v gii thch cch dng sn phm cha ng bn trong. y l phn tip th v c nh hng to ln n kha cnh kinh t. Bao b c tnh ng v thng xuyn thay i vt liu mi, phng php thit k gia cng mi, i hi phi thay i bao b. Do vy, qu trnh bin i ny din ra thng xuyn nhm t c cht lng cao nht. 1. KHI NIM V BAO B a) nh ngha Vi mt hnh dng v kch c ng, bao b cha ng v bo v sn phm an ton t lc vn chuyn n khi phn phi n tay ngi tiu dng. Ngoi ra, bao b phi cung cp thng tin cn thit v nh sn xut, m t v gii thch cch dng sn phm cha ng bn trong. y l phn tip th v c nh hng to ln n kha cnh kinh t. Bao b c tnh ng v thng xuyn thay i vt liu mi, phng php thit k gia cng mi, i hi phi thay i bao b. Do vy, qu trnh bin i ny din ra thng xuyn nhm t c cht lng cao nht. b). Chc nng cng ngh v tiu dng: Trong qu trnh sn xut cng nghip v phn phi lu thng hng ha, bao b c nhng tnh nng sau: Bo v: Kch thc ca bao b v sc bn chng li lc t pha chu lc tc dng. Sc bn chu ng khi ri, kh nng chng ma st mi mn. Chng li kh nng b xuyn thng nhm bo v sn phm nm bn trong. Bo v sn phm trong mi trng kn, s tng hp ca bao gi v sn phm cha ng bn trong. Khuych trng sn phm: n tng v kiu dng v kch c. Biu hin v cht lng. Gi tr trng by. C ng, khuych trng nhn hiu. Trang tr mu sc, cht lng in n. Kh nng nhn thy sn phm bn trong. Thng tin v sn phm: Kh nng thc hin in n. Thng tin ca nh sn xut. Ch dn s dng v bo qun. Hiu qu trong s dng. C ch dn khc cn thit v s dng vi qui trnh ng gi.

Mt s tnh nng khc An ton s dng cho tr em Tin li trong s dng C kh nng tin m v ng kn tr li C th kim tra c khi lng bn trong khi s dng, d dng khui m cho ngi gi. Bao b cn c n nh, cn c c s chp nhn v mi sinh, c kh nng phn hy sau khi s dng. Nguyn liu bao b c th ti sinh. Tin li trong qu trnh lu tr. c. Phn loi: 3 loi theo cch ng dng Bao b cp 1: L loi bao b tip xc trc tip vi sn phm: lon, chai nha, bao.. Bao b cp 2: l nhng bao b ng gi cc bao b cp 1: thng carton, hp giy... Bao b cp 3: l nhng container v nhng kin ln cha bao b cp 2 : container.. .Ngoi ra ngi ta cn phn ra lm 2 loi theo mc ch s dng: Bao b vn chuyn & Bao b tiu th. d) Tn vit tt ca vt liu bao b Mt vi tn vit tt gm mt vi k t theo quy nh c dng rng ri thay th cc tn phc tp ca cc loi cht do khc nhau: PE = Polyethylen LDPE = Low Density Polyethylen MDPE = Medium Density Polyethylen HDPE = High Density Polyethylen PET = Polyethylen Terephthalate (Polyester) PP = Polypropylen OPP = Oriented Polypropylen PS = Polystyrene OPS = Oriented Polystyrene EPS = Expanded Polystyrene hoc Foamed Polystyrene SAN = Styrene Acrylo Nitrile copolymer ABS = Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene copolymer PA = Polyamide (nylon) PVC = Polyvinyl Chloride PVDC = Polyvinylidene Chloride ( Saran) PVA = Polyvinyl Acetate (PVAC) PVAL = Polyvinyl Alcohol CMC = Carboxymethyl Cellulose CA = Cellulose Acetate

EVA = Ethylene Vinyl PX = Polymethyl CAB = Cellulose Asetate EC = Ethyl Cellulose

AcetateT Pentene Butyrate

2. PHNG PHP BIU DIN B DY CA MNG NHA Mng mng l vt liu c b dy khng vt qu 0.025mm hay 0.001in. Nu gi tr b dy ln hn 0.025mm th gi l dng tm. mm inch gauge mil microns 0.0064 0.00025 25 1/4 6.4 0.0127 0.00050 50 1/2 12.7 0.0254 0.00100 100 1 25.4 0.0508 0.00200 200 2 50.8 Vi 1mm = 0.039 in 1mil = 0.001 in 1gause = 0.00001 in nh lng: mng nha cng c th c ch nh bng nh lng nh giy: g/m2.Mt : trng lng trn mt n v th tch g/cm3 hoc g/cc. Din lng (Yield): din tch mng c c ca mt n v trng lng khi dy ca mng l 1 mil (in2/lb/0.001 in) hoc m2/kg/0.0254mm. 3. TNH CHT V CC YU CU CHUNG I VI MNG a. Lc bn ko cng: l lc b gy vt liu trn mt n v din tch.Mng PP nh hng hoc polyeste c gi tr lc bn ko cao ( 400kp/cm2), cello-phane c th t ti 600kp/cm2 nhng LDPE th ch t 100 - 200. b. Lc bn x rch: Rt quan trng v c nh hng n mc tiu s dng cui cng ca mt s mu vt liu lm bao b. Gi tr ny l 1 hng dn cho bit kh nng chu cc ng dng ca mng mng khi vn hnh mt vi thit b. i vi 1 vi loi bao b, tnh chu x thp tr nn c li (v d nh ti khoai ty chin). PE c lc bn x cao trong khi mng Cellophane v mng polyeste c gi tr ny thp. c. Tr lc va p: L tnh cht c li c bit khi ng gi sn phm nng trong mng plastic hoc trong nhng vt cha ln m chng phi chu va p trong sut qu trnh vn chuyn. Phng php kim tra tnh cht ny ri mt khi lng ln vt liu v o lc tng i cn lt vo hoc b gy vt liu. d. cng : Trong mt vi thit b ng gi dng mng nha, tnh cht ny c th l quan trng. Nhng n cng quan trng i vi chai v cc

vt cha khc m bao b rn i hi gi tr b dy thnh ti thiu v lc bn ti a. Gi tr cng cng c th o c bng cch o v tnh sai lch vt liu khi b ko cng. e. chu nhit: Bao gm mt s tnh cht sau im mm: im mm Vicat: Nhit khi mt cy kim lt vo 1 mm mu th. Ch s chy: l tc chy ca nha nhit do nhit cho sn di p sut c bit v qua khe c kch thc c bit trong khong thi gian cho sn. Ch s chy biu din lng nha chy qua mng tnh bng gam trong 10 pht. Lc bn hn nhit: biu din lc cn tch 2 b mt hn bng nhit ra khi nhau theo hng vung gc. PE c lu hn nhit rt cao v Cellophane th cho gi tr thp hn nhiu. i khi mi lin kt hn nhit mnh th khng cn thit chng hn nh ti ng ko v khoai ty chin. 1 yu t khc c xt n l mng nhit c tr nn gin khi chu nhit thp hay khng. iu ny rt quan trng i vi bao b ca thc phm ng lnh. V mt ny PE tt hn Cellophane. Vt liu cng nn c tnh n nh no c kh nng chu c nhit kh cao. iu ny rt cn thit i vi loi ti un si. n nh ny c th c m t nh l kh nng chu c s thay i mi trng m khng mt i nhng tnh cht ch yu. f. Tnh chu c m: L yu t rt quan trng khi cn xc nh tnh thch hp ca mng nha khi ng gi nhiu loi sn phm. Mt vi sn phm cn c bo v khng kh m t pha ngoi, 1 vi sn phm khc th i hi pha bn trong khng c php bc hi xuyn qua bao b. C mt vi phng php xc nh gi tr ny, phng php n gin nht l ko cng mt mu mng trn mt vt c cha nc, ri t trong phng kho c cha cht ht m cht ny hp thu hi nc truyn xuyn qua lp mng. Lng nc c trong vt cha c trc v sau thi gian kim nghim v gi tr tc truyn hi nc (WVTR: Water Vapor Transmission Rate) hoc tc truyn hi m (MVTR: Moisture Vapor Transmission Rate) c din t bng lng nc tnh bng gam khuch tn qua 1m2 (hoc 100in2) mng trong 24 gi (g/m2/24h hoc g/100 in2/24h). g. Tnh ngn cn kh: Khng ging vi tnh thm hi nc. Trong trng hp ny, tc truyn cc loi kh c bit nh N2, CO2 v nht l O2 c xc nh. C ph sng thng sinh ra kh CO2 m kh ny c php thot khi vt cha, mt khc kh ny c th gy bc v do p sut ni. Mt khc O2 lm c ph c i v trong trng hp ny kh

cn gi bn ngoi. V vy cn chn vt liu c tnh thm O2 thp nhng thm CO2 cao. Mt v d khc cn tc truyn cao l trng hp ng gi tht ti v tht cn O2 gi c mu ti hp dn khch hng.Phng php xc nh tnh thm thu kh l phi xc nh c bao nhiu lng kh khuch tn xuyn qua vt liu trong khong thi gian cho sn, v nguyn tc phng php ny ging vi phng php dng xc nh WVTR ni trn. n v ca gi tr ny l cm3/m2/24h hoc cc/100 in2/24h. h. Kh nng hn nhit (Sealability) Kh nng hn nhit ca cc nha do nhit ph thuc vo mt s iu kin sau: Nhit lm mm; nhit v p sut ti mi hn; thi gian hn nhit Cu trc ca mng hoc bn thn polymer. T l tao tinh th trn t l to cu trc v nh hnh ca polymer Lng cht ph gia i. X l b mt (x l Corona) Cc loi mng c phn cc thp (PE, PP) thng rt kh dnh bm mc in v keo. S thm t b mt ca vt liu ph thuc vo nng lng b mt ca chng. Do vy, tng c tnh in ca cc vt liu ny ngi ta thng phi x l Corona.Mt vi tnh cht b sung ca cht do c th c lit k v gii thch sau y: S ko gin: l phn vt liu nha s gin di trc khi b t. Vt liu cng ko gin th n cng chu c ti trng va p tt hn, t b t hn. iu ny rt quan trng nht l i vi nhng bao nha ng hng nng. S ko gin c din t bng phn trm so vi chiu di ban u. co gin c din t bng phn trm so vi chiu di ban u. PP v PVC c gi tr ny kh cao, ln n 450 %, polyester v PS c gi tr ko gin rt thp. cng: ca vt liu plastic c xc nh theo phng php Rockwell. Dng vin bi bng thp c ng knh c bit v c cn vi nhng ti trng khc nhau tc ng ln vt liu. su ca vt lm khi ti trng c ly i c o. Gi tr Rockwell cng cao th vt liu cng cng. n hi: L yu t quan trng lin quan n bao b nha do. N din t kh nng tr li hnh dng v kch thc ban u ca vt liu sau khi b bin dng. Ngi ta m t n nh l tr nh. Tuy nhin nu vt qua gii hn tr nh th vt liu vn trng thi gin di v khng th tr li trng thi ban u c na. l gii hn n hi. Mt vi vt liu nh PVC do c gi tr m un n hi thp v ko gin tt, trong khi nhng loi khc nh PS c gi tr m un n hi cao v ko dn c t.

n nh v kch thc: trong mt vi trng hp c th b nh hng nng n bi s thay i m tng i bao quanh bao b. Mt vi loi vt liu th dn ra, mt vi loi khc th co li, trong khi c 1 vi loi khng b nh hng. trt: l tnh ma st xut hin khi mng nha tip xc b mt vi loi mng khc hoc vi 1 b phn thit b no - Gi tr ny c th c o bng cch dng bn nghing, ghi nhn li gc nghing m vi gi tr ny mu th vt qua c ma st b mt. trt c th iu chnh c bng cc ph gia ca mng. Th d, mng PS c 3 loi trt : trt cao, h s = 0,1 0,3 trt trung bnh, h s = 0.3 0.5 - trt thp, h s > 0.5 Tnh thm du v m: Rt quan trng khi sn phm cn ng gi cha cht bo. B mt bao b c th b lm hng nu nh cht bo thm qua mng bao b ra ngoi. xc nh tnh thm bo ngi ta t mt ng ct mn c bo ha bng mt lng xc nh du hoc du thng, t mu th ln trn v trn cng t mt ming giy thm. Ghi li thi gian cn du thm qua v li du vt trn giy. bng v m: L nhng tnh cht quan trng i vi bao b nha do v rt nhiu khch hng i hi vt liu trong sut phi c b mt bng v sng. m xut hin di dng mu c sa s lm h thp trong sut ca mng. Cc gi tr so snh l o h s xuyn thu v phn x i vi mu th. Kh nng bc chy: Mt vi loi mng d chy nh cellophan chng hn, PE chy chm v chy thnh git. PVDC t dp tt nhng PVC cng rt kh chy.
4. MT S LOI MNG THNG DNG:

a. Polyethylen (PE) Hin nay PE tr thnh quan trng nht trong tt c cc loi vt liu nha. PE c phn loi thnh cc nhm chnh sau: LDPE - PE mt thp, t trng = 0.91- 0.925 g/cm3 MDPE (LLDPE: Linear) - PE mt trung bnh, t trng = 0.926 0.940 g/cm3 HDPE - PE mt cao, t trng = 0.941- 0.965 g/cm3 LDPE: Quan trng nht v thng dng nht. N c s dng nhiu nht to mng mng lm ti. LDPE d hn nhit v l loi r

nht. Trong cc loi LDPE khc nhau bao gm cc loi c tc nhn trt v ng cc, chng hn nh ng gi s lng ln th cn h s trt thp c kh nng xp ng tt. Hoc khi ng gi hng ha mm vo bao b dng ti th cn h s trt cao. LDPE th mm v dai. MDPE: c dng to mng mng hoc dng khi c yu cu cn cng cao hn hoc nhit lm mm cao hn LDPE. MDPE th hi mc hn LDPE. HDPE: Cng hn hai loi trn. HDPE c th chu c nhit ln ti 120oC v v vy HDPE c dng lm bao b thanh trng bng hi nc. HDPE cng c th c ct thnh nhng dy hp dt thnh bao dt. Tuy nhin, dt thnh bao ngi ta thng dng PP hn. Cc loi PE khc nhau c mt vi tnh cht quan trng lm chng tr thnh vt liu bao b thch hp nht. PE c tnh ngn cn nc v m rt tt, tnh ny cng tt khi mt ca PE cng cao. PE cng c tnh hn nhit rt tt v vn gi c tnh mm do mt rt thp n c th c s dng iu kin ng lnh 50oC (58oC). Khi thay i nhit th nht ca n cng thay i u, v vy n d x l v bin i. V mt sinh l hc, khng c s bt li no lin quan n PE v khi chy n ch sinh ra kh CO2 v nc. Tuy nhin cng c vi bt li, PE c tnh thm O2 kh cao, tnh ngn cn mi hng b gii hn, tnh khng m kh thp, nht l i vi LDPE. Khi PE c bin i khng ng, v d nh un nhit qu cao, s cho mi kh chu. Mt vi thit b ng gi khng hot ng tt vi LDPE bi n c cng kh thp.PE ch trong sut khi n c lm lnh nhanh sau khi un, tnh trong sut ny do cu trc dng tinh th. Trong cc trng hp khc PE c mu hi c sa. PE c dng nhiu trong quy trnh un mng mng ri bin i thnh mng bc, ti v bao ti. N cng c n ra di dng ph ln lp giy hoc giy ba v n cng l vt liu c bin i nhiu nht thnh chai, lng dng quan trng nht ca PE l lm cc loi np khc nhau. Tnh tr ca PE cng c ch n. Mng mng PE nh hng v ko cng s b c dng nhiu di dng mng co v mng cng.Tnh cht ca PE thay i ty theo nh sn xut. Tuy nhin, mt vi c tnh c trng c trnh by di y nhm minh ha cc c tnh ny thay i nh th no khi mt thay i t thp ti cao. Tc Tc truyn hi m Loi PE truyn kh (2) Lc cng(3) (1) O2 CO2 LDPE 1.4 500 1350 1700 MDPE 0.6 225 500 2500 HDPE 0.3 125 350 4000

Ch thch: (1) g/100 in2/24h/1mil 1 ounce (OZ) = 28,35g (2) cm3/100 in2/24h/1mil 1 pound (lb) = 16 OZ = 0,454Kg (3) 1lbs/ in2/1mil 1 stone (st) = 14 lb = 6,356Kg 1 mil = 0,001 inch

b. Polypropylen (PP): L mt loi nha olefin khc. N cng hn PE, c chu cng gin tt hn v trong sut hn. Gi tr ca tnh thm hi m thp. Do kt tinh cao, nhit lm mm khong 150oC nn n c s dng thnh cng khi tit trng cc sn phm y khoa trong ni hp PP cng c dng di dng bao b cho thc phm lm sn a vo l i lu hoc un si. N cng thng dng khi sn sut np y bng phng php p phun. Do mt ca PP thp (0.90 g/m3) v lc cao bn nn n c th to ra mng mng hn lm cho n c th cnh tranh vi mng lm t PE trong mt vi ng dng c bit. N cng c th dng thay cho cellophan, v d nh dng PP bc gi thuc l. PP c khuynh hng tr nn gin nhit thp, iu ny c th vt qua mt mc no , bng cch ng trng hp vi mt lng nh ethylene. PP c s dng nhiu di dng mng mng, tng i cng, c kh nng ng dng ging vi cellophane nh tnh trong sut ca n. Mng PP c nh hng (OPP), ngha l ko cng theo 1 hoc 2 hng, c lc bn v cng tt hn. Mng OPP c cng va nn d dng x l n nhiu loi thit b ng gi, n hon ton trong sut v c tnh ngn cn m v mi hng tt. Tuy nhin, mng PP rt kh hn nhit m iu ny c th vt qua bng cch n kp vi PE. PP cng c dng lm np y v tm thy nhiu ng dng thnh cng trong khi PE b gy mt di nh hng ca mt vi cht hot ng b mt. ng dng thng dng ca PP l dng dt cc bao ti. c. Polystyrene (PS) : c sn xut t du th bng phng php trng hp styrene. PS th hon ton trong sut nhng tnh ngn cn m v kh thp. PS cng nhng khng va p thp v th ngi ta thng trn n vi loi cao su tng hp butadien tng thm bn va chm. Tuy nhin, thm butadien vo s lm mt trong sut v PS chu va p thng c mu trng. PS rt d cho cc quy trnh dng sn xut bao b. N c th dng thi p phun, n, nhit nh hnh Do mt khuych tn thp m n t s

dng lm bao b ng gi m phn ln n c dng di dng khay hoc tch c nh hnh bng nhit. ng dng c trng nht ca PS l cc khay dng ng gi rau ti, v cc tch dng ng gi gia- ua v cc sn phm c ch bin t sa mng mng PS c dng bao gi tri cy, rau qu nh c chua, rau xanh. S nh hng c. Polystyrene (PS) : c sn xut t du th bng phng php trng hp styrene. PS th hon ton trong sut nhng tnh ngn cn m v kh thp. PS cng nhng khng va p thp v th ngi ta thng trn n vi loi cao su tng hp butadien tng thm bn va chm. Tuy nhin, thm butadien vo s lm mt trong sut v PS chu va p thng c mu trng. PS rt d cho cc quy trnh dng sn xut bao b. N c th dng thi p phun, n, nhit nh hnh Do mt khuych tn thp m n t s dng lm bao b ng gi m phn ln n c dng di dng khay hoc tch c nh hnh bng nhit. ng dng c trng nht ca PS l cc khay dng ng gi rau ti, v cc tch dng ng gi gia- ua v cc sn phm c ch bin t sa mng mng PS c dng bao gi tri cy, rau qu nh c chua, rau xanh. S nh hng 2 chiu s lm mng PS c lc bn v tnh dai cao hn, n c gi l mng PS c nh hng (OPS) Polystyrene xp (EPS) c sn xut bng cch x l c bit trong cc ht PS. un nng ht PS bng hi nc lm pentane c trong PS phng ln rt nhanh v hnh thnh cu trc t ong, EPS thng c dng lt m gim sc cho cc my mc tinh vi trong bao b. EPS cng c dng nhiu di dng khay ng gi tht c ti, tri cy ti, sn phm nng, trng d. Polyesters: Hoc nha ester tuyn tnh c sn xut bng cch ngng t ging nh polyamide. N n ra dng mng v mng ny c ko cng theo 2 hng. Polyester c lc bn c hc cao v tnh chu c nhit ln n 3000C. Mang Polyester c tnh thm m v kh thp tr lc i vi dung mi hu c kh tt. N c tnh hn nhit km v v vy n thng c ghp vi PE. Mng Polyester c th c ph bng PVDC v tr nn t thm kh v mi hng. Kt hp vi mng nhm v PE n s tr thnh loi mng rt tt cho vic ng gi c ph xay bng phng php ng gi chn khng v ng gi sn phm ch bin t tht Thnh thong n c dng lm bao b di dng ti c th un nng c, ngha l sn phm bn trong c un nng bng cch un si trc tip trong ti. iu

ny c th lm c do tnh chu c nhit cao ca mng. Mng Polyester c th c nh hnh bng nhit n mt mc gii hn v c loi Polyester c th co c. Gn y Polyester c mt ng dng kh th v, l Polyethylene therephthalete (PET) dng lm chai dng nc gii kht c gaz. e. Polyamide (PA) hoc Nylon : C lc bn c hc tt v tnh chu nhit rt tt . C nhiu loi PA c nhiu im chy ln n 2500C. PA cng c dng trong cu trc mng ghp v nht l dng trong cc thit b nh hnh nhit bng bng chn khng ng gi sn phm c ch bin t tht c ct thnh lt mng, tht ti v ph mt. Mng ghp dng PA c b dy mng. K thut sn xut mng PA mng th kh v thng nhng mng ny c ghp vp PA c b dy khc nhau ci tin tnh hn nhit. PA c dng rng ri lm bao b tit trng ng gi cc dng c y khoa. f. Polyvinyl Chloride:(PVC) c sn xut thnh 2 loi cng v mm do. Loi PVC cng c tnh ngn cn m v kh tt, tnh khng m tt. PVC cng c dng nhiu trong bao b nhit nh hnh ng gi b, du thc vt Nh vo tnh trong sut m PVC c dng di dng chai nc khong, dng trong m phm, du n v nc ct tri cy. Mt vi loi PVC chu c p sut kh bn trong chai nn c dng ng bia v nc ung c gaz khc. Loi PVC mm do di dng mng mng dng ng gi tht c ti, tri cy, rau qu v cc sn phm ti khc. Mng PVC do c dng bc pallet nhm gi c ton b hng ha trn pallet bng cch qun cng mng. Cng c vi loi mng PVC dng bao gi chng lm hng gi. PVC c n nh nhit kh thp, v th ngi ta phi thm cht n nh vo c th n c PVC. Mt vi quc gia khng chp nhn tc nhn n nh c cha thic v trong hu ht cc quc gia u c lut nghim khc v lng ti a ca monomer vinyl d tha trong sn phm cui cng.

g. Polyvinylidende Cloride (PVDC): Thng c ng trng hp vi vinyl chloride v c gi l SARAN (tn thng mi). So vi tt c cc mng nha khc, PVDC c tnh thm hi nc, O2, CO2 thp nht.

N c tr lc i vi cht bo v ho cht tt. Mng PVDC co c sn xut di tn CRYOVAC (tn thng mi) Quy trnh sn xut mng PVDC bao gm qu trnh n sn phm dng ng vo b nc, sau thi sn phm bng khng kh n ng knh rt ln, ri nh hng mng theo 2 chiu. Mng PVDC c p phng ct dc 2 bn hng v qun thnh cun. PVDC c dng nhiu di dng phn tn (phn tn trong nc) ph ln giy v giy ba. Cu trc mng nhiu lp cn thit cho kt qu tt. PVDC c dng cho cc sn phm c yu cu rt kn nh ng gi ph mt v tht gia cm, thng ng gi chn khng trong mng co PVDC. N c th c hn nhit bng my hn tng s cao hoc my hn xung lc. PVDC thng c s dng cho nhng yu cu cao v tnh ngn cn do n c tnh ngn cn tt nht so vi cc loi mng khc. Mt vi th d nh cellophane trng PVDC dng cho bnh biscuit v cc sn phm nhy vi m. PVDC c dng nhiu trong mng ghp phc tp ng gi tht, loi mng n kp PE/ PVDC/PE l loi mng n rt quan trng.

h. Cellophane: L nguyn liu ng u trong nhm nguyn liu cellulosic c s dng ging mng plastic. Cellophane l loi mng bao b ln u tin c dng rng ri trong lnh vc thng mi v trong mt thi gian di dn u v s lng Polyolefin, c bit l PP d chim lnh th trng ca Cellophane nhng Cellophane vn cn l vt liu bao b quan trng trong 1 vi lnh vc. Cellophane c sn xut bng cch ly cellulose c tinh lc cao v c ha vi dung mi d c 1 c ging nh xi-r . Hn hp ny c cho qua khe nh v di vo b hon nhit to thnh mng mng. V vy, n c gi l cellulose hon nguyn. Sau , mng c i qua nhng dung dch tch tp cht, lc tr thnh mng trong sut. T Cellophane l tn thng mi vi ngha thng dng. Cellophanec nhiu loi c lm ph hp vi nhiu ng dng khc nhau t thuc vo h thng m s dng phn bit cc loi Cellophane Loi Cellophane c dng nhiu nht l MSAT vi tnh chng m, kh nng hn nhit, tnh dnh v trong sut tt. Cellophane thng c ph vi nitrocellulose hoc PVDC. Lp ph ny tng thm tnh ngn cn hi m v kh nng hn nhit trong khi bn thn Cellophane c tnh

ngn cn kh v mi hng tt. Nh vo tnh trong sut v cng khin cho mng Cellophane c th chy rt nhanh trn cc my ng gi nn n c s dng rng ri trong ngnh cng nghip dt v bnh ko. i khi mng Cellophane c trng mt mt c dng ng gi tht ti hay sn phm ch bin t tht. So vi cc loi mng nha ng nht khc, mng Cellophane ph PVDC c khuyt im, l mi hn nhit khng chc, n b hn ch bi lp kt dnh gia lp ph v b mt Cellophane. Loi mng ny c tr lc x thp v mi hn d x m, nhng i khi iu ny s tr nn thun li, th d cho vic m cc ti ko. Mng Cellophane c tnh cht in tt v c th in thnh cng bng tt c phng php in thch hp. Nh vo lng nc cn cha trong mng Cellophane m mng c kh nng mm do. Nu mng c sy kh th n tr nn gin v d x. nhit ng lnh, vic chn ng loi mng Cellophane l rt cn thit, bi v nu chn khng ng loi mng chu c nhit thp th d dng b tht bi khi dng. Phn ln Cellophane c dng trong ngnh thc phm, thuc l, dt v ko. gi ko ngi ta thng dng loi mng ghp cellophane sp - cellophane hoc Cellophane - keo - Cellophane v trong c 2 loi vic in n c thc hin gia 2 lp. Mt ng dng quan trng khc l mng ghp dng ng gi chn khng cho tht, ph-mt, c, rau ngm gim H thng m s ca mng cellophane: c tnh ca mng cellophane c th hin bng s kt hp gia ch v s. C th l: A = Lin kt, dnh (lp ph c kt dnh vi mng mng to thnh tnh khng m) Adhere C = c nhum mu (colored) D = Mt na (lp ph chng m ch ph mt pha) (Demi) L = Tnh khng m thp hn tiu chun M = Chng m (Moisture Nitrocellulose lacquered) P = Khng ph, khng chng m, khng th hn nhit (plain unlacquered) S = C th hn bng nhit (sealed) T = Trong sut khng mu (transparent) X = c ph Polymer (PVDC,Saran) Ch s ng trc ch dng ch b dy ca mng v ch s ng sau ch l m s ch cch s dng cui cng, th d 250 MSAT 87 c ngha l vt liu c tnh chng m c th hn bng nhit, tnh dnh v trong sut c dng lm ti cho thc phm ng lnh. Din tch so vi

trng lng l 25.000in2/lbs. Tuy nhin theo h thng n v tnh bng mt, ch s 250 c ngha l 25g/m2. Do h thng m s ny thay i theo nh sn xut cho nn lun lun i hi nh cung cp hiu ngha chnh xc ca cc loi mng.
i. Cellulose Acetate: (CA)

C trong, sng v v vy c dng nhiu di dng ca s cho cc ti v hp carton, cng nh bao gi bn ngoi cc hp qu Cellophane Acetate cng c dng lm bao b dng m st sn phm v dng phng bng phng php nhit nh hnh. CA rt n nh v kch thc khi thay i iu kin m v v vy thay th cellophane ghp vi giy dng bc tp v, sch, hng

j. Al-foil (l nhm mng) Trong cng nghip ngi ta nh ngha: l kim loi c chiu dy t 4.3152 m gi l Foil. Do vy, Al-Foil l cun nhm mng c chiu dy < 152 m Cc nguyn t thng c trong Al-Foil : Silicon, st, ng thau, Mn, Mg, Cr, Zn, Ti... vi hm lng < 4%. Tnh cht: Bn ha hc: Al-Foil bn vi cc loi acid nh tt hn so vi kim nh. Khi tip xc vi nc c cha cc mui kim th c th b n mn. bn cao vi hu ht cc cht bo, du m v cc loi dung mi hu c. Bn nhit : Khng b nh hng bi s thay i ca nhit v m . D s dng trong qu trnh tit trng cc bao b c cha cc AlFoil. Tng cng bn, tnh mm do nhit thp. Ngn cn c s ph hy ca nh sng. Bn c hc: Tu thuc vo lng nguyn t kim loi c cha trong thnh phn hp kim cu Al-Foil v mc x l nhit trong qu trnh sn xut Al-Foil m to cho Al-Foil c tnh cht c hc rt linh hot. Ngoi ra Al-Foil cn c cc tnh cht c bn c dng trong bao b m cc vt liu khc khng c c l : tnh chng kh, m v nh sng rt tt; tnh n nh nhit cao v thp; d nh hnh. Cng dng: Dng bao gi, trang tr. Ghp vi bao b thuc l. Kt hp vi cc loi mng lm bao b dc phm, thc phm cao cp. Dng trong bao b v trng, np t m, kem, sa chua..

k. Mng Metalized Mng Metalized c m lp kim loi cc mng. Thng thng lp kim loi c m l nhm. Chiu dy lp kim loi m ty thuc vo tnh cht cn phi c nh tnh chng thm kh, hi m v nc... ca tng loi bao b yu cu. Lp m cng dy th cc tnh chng thm cng cao nhng gi thnh cng tng theo. Nguyn l to mng Metalized: kim loi nhm nng chy, bay hi v ngng t trn vt liu mng (nn) x l mt cch c bit tng kt dnh, trong iu kin chn khng. Lng nhm m ty thuc vo nhit ca nhm, tc ko mng a vo, s trm m... Cng dng: Dng thay th Al foil trong vi lnh vc. Dng ci thin tnh cht chng thm ca cc sn phm sao cho t s cn bng thch hp ca cc tnh cht chng thm c trng, gi thnh, hnh dng v ph hp vi cc thit b gia cng. Tu thuc vo chiu dy ca lp m trn mng m n ci thin thm cc tnh cht t nhin ca mng nn. V d mng MOPP c tnh chng m cao hn OPP 20 ln. Cc loi mng Metalize thng dng: MCPP : CPP Metalized MOPP : OPP Metalized MBON :Nylon Metalized MPET : Polyester Metalized Bng: Tnh cht ca mt s loi mng n thng dng trong bao b Loi mng LDPE Kh nng Kh nng Kh nng trong Tnh chu nu ngn cn ngn cn sut in si hi nc kh + ++ ++ + ++ + ++ /++ ++ ++ ++ +++ + ++ +++ +++ ++ +++ + + ++ +++ + +++ d Kh nng chu ko + + ++ -

Polymer

Homopolymer CoLLDPE polymer CoHDPE polymer PP Homo/Copolymer BOPP Homo/Copolymer PET Homopolymer BOPET Homopolymer

PA BOPA

Homo/Copolymer Homopolymer

++ ++

+ +++

+ +++

+++ -

Ch thch: +++: Rt tt; ++: Tt; +: Trung bnh; -: Khng tt

4.5 MNG GHP (PHC HP) v CC PHNG PHP GHP MNG:

4.5.1 Mng phc hp Gii thiu v ng dng Mng nha phc hp hay cn gi l mng ghp l mt loi vt liu nhiu lp m u im l nhn c nhng tnh cht tt ca cc loi vt liu thnh phn. Ngi ta s dng cng lc (ghp) cc loi vt liu khc nhau c c mt loi vt liu ghp vi cc tnh nng c ci thin nhm p ng cc yu cu bao b. Khi ch mt tm vt liu vn c th cung cp y tt c cc tnh cht nh: tnh cn kh, hi m, cng, tnh cht in tt, tnh nng ch to d dng, tnh hn tt nh yu cu t ra. Tnh cht cui cng ca mt loi vt liu nhiu lp ph thuc nhiu vo nhng tnh cht ca cc lp thnh phn ring l. Mng ghp thng c s dng rng ri lm nguyn liu cho bao b thc phm, dc phm S hnh thnh mng ghp l vic kt hp c chn la gia mng nguyn liu ban u, mc in, keo dn, nguyn liu ph... s dng cc phng php gia cng c nhiu cng on, a dng. V mt k thut vt liu ghp c ng dng thng xuyn, chng t c cc yu cu k thut, cc yu cu v tnh kinh t, tnh tin dng thch hp cho tng loi bao b, gi gn cht lng sn phm bn trong bao b, gi thnh r, v hi . Cu trc Cc polymer khc nhau c s dng ty thuc vo vai tr ca chng nh l lp cu trc, lp lin kt, lp cn, lp hn. Lp cu trc: m bo cc tnh cht c hc cn thit, tnh cht in d dng v thng c c tnh chng m. Thng thng l nhng loi nha r tin. Vt liu c dng thng l LDPE, HDPE, EVA, LLDPE, PP (i vi nhng cu trc mm do) v HDPS hay PD (i vi cu trc cng). Cc lp lin kt: l nhng lp keo nhit do ( dng n) c s dng kt hp cc loi vt liu c bn cht khc nhau.

Cc lp cn: c s dng c c nhng yu cu c bit v kh nng cn kh v gi mi. Vt liu c s dng thng l PET (trong vic ghp mng), nylon, EVOH v PVDC. Cc lp vt liu hn: thng dng l LDPE v hn hp LLDPE, EVA, inomer, Mt s loi mng phc hp: 2 lp: BOPP/PE; PET/PE; BOPP/PP; NY/PE 3 lp: BOPP(PET)/PET (M)/PE; BOPP(PET)/Al/PE; 4 lp: BOPP(PET)/PE/Al/PE; Giy/PE/Al/PE; 5 lp: PET/PE/Al/PE/LLDPE 4.5.2 Cc phng php to mng phc hp Gii thiu chung cc phng php ghp mng Mng phc hp c to thnh bng cch: Ghp hai hay nhiu lp mng bng cht kt dnh Trng ln mt lp mng vt liu mt lp vt liu khc dng lng (nng chy) sau khi lp vt liu ny ngui i s ng cng li C ba phng php trng ghp mng c bn thng c ng dng trong sn xut bao b mm,trong miphng php bao gm cc dng ring ca chng: Trng ghp n n n n trc v sau n kp Ghp kh Ghp c dung mi Ghp khng dung mi Ghp kt hp Ghp t Phng php ghp t phng php ghp t l phng php ghp bng keo, ti thi im ghp hai lp vt liu vi nhau cht kt dnh (keo) trng thi lng. y l phng php ghp c s dng kh rng ri c bit ng dng nhiu nht khi ghp mng nhm vi giy. Keo s dng trong phng php ghp ny l dng keo polimer nhn to gc nc.Trong qu trnh ghp keo trng thi lng chng s thm thu qua mt lp vt liu v bay hi sau . Keo c trng ln lp vt liu 1 t c tnh thm nc hn, sau ngay lp tc c ghp vi lp vt liu th 2. B phn ghp gm cp l trong c mt l c m crom v mt l cao su. Sau khi ghp nc cha trong keo s bay hn ti n v sy, keo kh to kt dnh gia hai lp vt liu. Phng php ghp kh Ghp kh khng dung mi:

L phng php ghp bng keo, nh tn cng ngh ch ra, k thut ghp mng khng dung mi khng s dng ti cc loi keo c gc dung mi m s dng loi keo 100% rn. Nh ta c th gim mt cch ng k vic tiu th nng lng tiu tn cho cc cng on sy kh dung mi trong keo hoc cho vic thi v thng gi. Keo c s dng l loi keo 1 hoc 2 thnh phn, loi keo mt thnh phn c dng ch yu ghp vi giy. ghp bng keo khng dung mi, i hi phi c b phn trng keo c bit, bng cch dng trc trng keo phng thay v trc khc, gm cc trc c gia nhit v cc trc cao su. Sc cng b mt ca mng phi c ch c bit, x l bm dnh, v bm dnh ban u ca keo rt yu khi cha kh. Lp keo c trng vo khong t: 0.8-1.5g/m2. Cc u im ca cng ngh ghp mng khng dung mi nh sau: Gim c ting n do bi khng c h thng thng gi Khng cn st dung mi trong lp mng ghp, do rt thch hp cho vic dng lm bao b thc phm, dc phm. Khng gy nhim khng kh Chi ph u t thp Khng cn sy qua nhit Khng cn bo v s n gy ra dung mi Yu cu v mt bng t Chi ph sn xut thp Tc snxut cao Cng ngh ghp mng khng dung mi l cng ngh ghp mng tin tin nht hin nay trong lnh vc ghp mng, cc nh sn xut v bin i bao b trn th gii ang chuyn sang phng php ghp mng khng dung mi ny.
Ngun: Vietnamprint (Ngun: Thc s Trn Thanh H - Khoa In & Truyn thng / Tp ch In v Truyn thng)