TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NI

VIN IN T VIN THNG

====o0o====

BO CO
PROJECT
TI:

THIT K MCH O KHONG CCH

S DNG SRF05

Nhm: Hard ware- NSG

GVHD: PGS.TS. NGUYN VN C

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H Ni, 6/2013
TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NI

VIN IN T VIN THNG

====o0o====

BO CO

N
TI:

THIT K MCH O KHONG CCH

S DNG SRF05

Nhm: Hard ware- NSG

GVHD: PGS.TS. NGUYN VN C

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Thnh vin (#1 l trng nhm):

STT
1
2
3

H v Tn

MSSV

L HNG NHUNG

20101969

PHM TRNG NG

20101026

THY TRANG

20102351

im

Nhn xt (phn GVHD ghi):

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MC LC

MC LC................................................................................................................4
DANH MC HNH V............................................................................................5
DANH MC BNG BIU.......................................................................................6
LI NI U..........................................................................................................6
CHNG 1: M T TI..................................................................................7

1.1 Yu cu chc nng...................................................................................7

1.2 Yu cu phi chc nng............................................................................8
CHNG 2: THIT K H THNG......................................................................8

1.3 Khi vi x l............................................................................................8

1.4 Khi dao ng.......................................................................................10
1.5 Khi giao tip........................................................................................11
1.6 Khi ngun............................................................................................14
1.7 S nguyn l ton mch...................................................................15
1.8 S Layout mch................................................................................16
1.9 Hnh nh tht sn phm.........................................................................16
CHNG 3: KT LUN.......................................................................................16
TI LIU THAM KHO.......................................................................................16

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PH LC A: NG GP CC THNH VIN...................................................16
PH LC B: SOFTWARE CODE.........................................................................17
PH LC C: HNG DN S DNG................................................................17

DANH MC HNH V

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DANH MC BNG BIU

LI NI U
Ngnh in t l mt trong nhng ngnh cng nghip mi nhn cho bt k quc gia
no mun pht trin kinh t, c bit l mt nc ang pht trin nh nc ta. Thy

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c tm quan trng ca nhn lc ngnh in t-vin thng trong tng lai, vin
in t vin thng, trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni khng nhng ch trng vo
kin thc nn tng cho sinh vin v chuyn ngnh m cn to iu kin cho sinh
vin thc hnh, t tay lm ra nhng sn phm in t. n 1 l mt trong nhng
mn hc chuyn ngnh in t cn bn v nn tng nht cho mi sinh vin nm th
3 chng em. Vi mn hc ny, di s hng dn ca thy PGS.TS Nguyn Vn
c, nhm tr ging K53-K54, chng em cng c c hi c vn dng nhng
kin thc c hc trn ging ng vo project 1.
Ni dung bo co c chia lm 3 phn chnh:
Chng 1: M t ti
Chng 2: Thit k h thng
Chng 3: Kt lun
Do trnh , kin thc cn hn ch nn bi tp ln chc chn cn nhiu sai st,
mong cc thy gp kin thc v k nng mn hc ngy cng hon thin hn.
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n thy cng cc anh ch trong nhm tr ging!

CHNG 1: M T TI
1.1 Yu cu chc nng
- o khong cch t srf05 ti vt cn
- Hin th khong cch ln my tnh qua terminal qua UART
- S dng nt bm reset, 1 n led bo ngun

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1.2 Yu cu phi chc nng

- S dng AVR dng ATMEGA8
- S dng code C trn CV AVR
- Mch nh gn, sp xp linh kin hp l
- Cc chc nng tng tc ngi dng d s dng
1.3 S khi h thng

CHNG 2: THIT K H THNG

1.3 Khi vi x l
a. Chc nng
X l tn hiu vo v xut tn hiu ra bao gm vic chuyn tn hiu tng t thnh
khong cch, truyn kt qu ln my tnh qua cng COM
b. Linh kin s dng
Chn vi iu khin ATMEGA8

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i nt v VK ATMEGA8
ATmega8 l chip vi x l 8bit, s dng tp lnh n gin RISC, c cu trc
Havard trong phn bit r rng b nh d liu(Data memory) v b nh chng
trnh(Program Memory-b nh Flash lp trnh c).Data memory l phn cha cc
thanh ghi quan trng nht ca chip. l vi iu khin h AVR do hng atmel sn
xut, gm 28 chn, c chia lm 3 PORT l B, C, D. Mi PORT gm c 8 chn,
c th dng xut hoc nhp thng tin, v mi PORT lin quan n 3 thanh ghi(8
bits) c tn tng ng l DDRx,PINx,PORTx vi x l tn ca PORT, mi bit trong
thanh ghi tng ng vi mi chn ca PORT. Chn PD2, PD3 dng ngt ngoi
v timer. Chn PB6 vi PB7 dng cp dao ng ngoi.

Ngt ngoi cu ATMEGA8

L tn hiu khn cp gi n b x l, yu cu dng cng vic hin ti lm
mt cng vic khc khn cp hn. Sau khi kt thc cng vic th s tr v thc
hin tip nhim v dang d.S lng ngt trn mi dng chip l khc nhau. ng
vi mi chn ngt s c 1 vector ngt v 1 a ch ngt nht nh.
i vi Atmega8 th c 2 chn ngt l PD2 (INT0)v PD3(INT1). C 3
thanh ghi lin quan n ngt ngoi l:
Thanh ghi iu khin MCUCR(MCU Control Register): Thanh ghi xc nh
ch ngt ngoi, l 1 thanh ghi 8 bit nhng ch dng 4 bit thp cho hot
ng ngt ngoi.

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Thanh ghi iu khin ngt chung GICR(General Interrupt Control Register)

l 1 thanh ghi 8 bit nhng ch dng 2 bit cao ngt ngoi.
Thanh ghi c ngt chung-GIFR(General Interrupt Flag Register) c 2 bit l
cc bit trng thi ca 2 ngt INT1 v INT0.

Timer/counter trn ATMEGA8

C chc nng chnh l to 1 khong thi gian, m thi gian, c chia theo
rng thanh ghi cha gi tr nh thi hay gi tr m ca chng, c th trn chip
Atemega8 c 2 b Timer 8 bit(Timer/Counter0, Timer/Counter2) v 1 b 16
bit(Timer/Counter1).
Timer/Counter0: l b nh thi, m n gin vi 8bit, c 1 ch
hot ng gm 2 chc nng c bn l to khong thi gian v m s
kin.
Timer/Counter1: l b nh thi, m a nng 16 bit, c 5 ch hot
ng chnh, ngoi ta cn dng to ra xung iu rng PWM iu
khin.
Timer/Counter2: l b module 8 bit c 4 ch hot ng, ngoi ta
cn c s dng nh mt module canh chnh thi gian cho cc ng
dng thi gian thc.

1.4 Khi dao ng

a. Chc nng
-

To xung 11.0592 Mhz cho VK hot ng.

Khng cn cp ngun

b. Linh kin s dng

gm 1 thch anh 11.0592 Mhz, 2 t 22pF

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1.5 Khi giao tip

a. Chc nng
Giao tip vo ra gia vi iu khin v ngi dng hoc mi trng bn ngoi c th
l thc hin nhng yu cu chc nng ca mch .
b. Linh kin s dng
Cm bin siu m SRF05
Cu to
Gm 5 chn:
2 chn ngun , chn ECHO , chn Mode , chn Trigger

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Hot ng

Cm bin hot ng da trn 2 ch :

+) Ch 1 Tng ng SRF04 Tch bit kch hot v phn hi.

Ch ny s dng ring bit chn kch hot v chn phn hi, v l ch n

gin nht s dng. Tt c cc chng trnh in hnh cho SRF04 s lm vic cho
SRF05 ch ny. s dng ch ny, ch cn chn ch khng kt ni
SRF05 c mt ni dng trn chn ny
T gin ta nhn thy:
cho srf05 hot ng th cn cp 1 xung mc cao c rng>=10uS trn
chn trigger
Sau khi nhn c xung t chn Trigger th srf05 s to ra 8 xung pht siu
m, sau khi hon thnh vic pht 8 xung ny th SRF05 s ko chn echo ln mc 1,
rng ca mc 1 trn chn echo tng ng vi khong cch ca vt cn vi srf05,
nu ko c vt cn th n s c tr v mc 0 sau 30ms.
c bit l srf05 ch c th nhn xung trn chn Trigger ti a l 20Hz, cho
nn vic kch xung trn chn Tri phi ph hp th srf05 mi hot ng chnh xc.

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+) Ch 2 Dng mt chn cho c kch hot v phn hi:

Ch ny s dng mt chn duy nht cho c tn hiu kch hot v hi tip, v

c thit k lu cc gi tr trn chn ln b iu khin nhng. s dng ch
ny, chn ch kt ni vo chn mt. Tn hiu hi tip s xut hin trn cng
mt chn vi tn hiu kch hot. SRF05 s khng tng dng phn hi cho n 700uS
sau khi kt thc cc tn hiu kch hot. Bn c thi gian kch hot pin xoay
quanh v lm cho n tr thnh mt u vo v c pulse o m ca bn sn
sng. Lnh PULSIN c tm ra v c dng ph bin hin nay iu khin t
ng.
TNH TON KHONG CCH:

Gin inh thi SRF05 th hin trn y cho mi ch .Bn ch cn cung cp 1

on xung ngn 10uS kch hot u vo bt u o khong cch.Cc SRF05 s
gi cho ra 1 chu k 8 b ca siu m 40KHz v tng dong phn hi ca n ( hoc
kch hot ch dng 2).Sau ch cc dng phn hi li.Dng phn hi l 1 xung
c chiu rng t l vi khong cch n i tng .Bng cch o xung nhn c ta
c th tnh c khong cch cn o.Nu khng pht hin g c SRF05 gim dng
phn hi ca n sau 30mS.SRF 05 c th c kch hot nhanh chng vi mi
50mS ,hoc 20 ln mi giy.
Cm bin siu m SRF05 v nguyn tc TOF (Time Of Flight)
Sng siu m c truyn i trong khng kh vi tc khong 343m/s. Nu
mt cm bin pht ra sng siu m v thu v cc sng phn x ng thi, o c
khong thi gian t lc pht i ti lc thu v, th my tnh c th xc nh c

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qung ng m sng di truyn tring khng gian. Qung ng i ca sng s

bng 2 ln khong cch t cm bin ti chng ngi vt, theo hng pht sng ca
siu m. Hay khong cch t cm bin n chng vt s c tnh theo nguyn l
TOF: d=v*t/2.

Nt bm switch
Gic cm UART

1.6 Khi ngun

s khi ngun s dng 1 con n p +5v (7805) ,dng chu ng 1A i vi
7805 v nhit 25 C . Mch c thit k to ra in p +5V . +5V uc s
dng cp ngun cho cc khi sau: khi vi x l, khi nt bm, srf05 v atmega8.

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1.7 S nguyn l ton mch

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1.8 S Layout mch

1.9 Hnh nh tht sn phm

CHNG 3: KT LUN

TI LIU THAM KHO

PH LC A: NG GP CC THNH VIN
A.1. NGUYN VN A

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A.2. PHM TH B

PH LC B: SOFTWARE CODE
a ra cc hm chnh, chc nng chnh m nhm thc hin, cc hm thuc
th vin gc ch yu cu lit k tn hm, tham s v chc nng. Ton b
phn code ti a 10 trang A4, font Courier , size 9, dn dng 1.0

PH LC C: HNG DN S DNG

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