BI TP ESTE TRONG CC THI H NM 2011 - KHI A Cu 1 : t chy hon ton 3,42 gam hn hp gm axit acrylic, vinyl axetat, metyl

l acrylat v axit oleic, ri hp th ton b sn phm chy vo dung dch Ca(OH) 2 (d). Sau phn ng thu c 18 gam kt ta v dung dch X. Khi lng X so vi khi lng dung dch Ca(OH)2 ban u thay i nh th no? A. Tng 2,70 gam. B. Gim 7,74 gam. C. Tng 7,92 gam. D. Gim 7,38 gam.* Hng dn: C nH 2 n 2 O2 n CO2 + ( n - 1) H2O vi a =
2

3,42 14n + 30

3,42 14n + 30

n=

0,18 n = 6

a = 0,03 nH O = 0,18 0,03 = 0,15 Ta c : 0,18.44 + 0,15.18 = m + m m = - 7,38 Cu 2: Cho axit salixylic (axit o-hiroxibenzoic) phn ng vi anhirit axetic, thu c axit axetylsalixylic (oCH3COO-C6H4-COOH) dng lm thuc cm (aspirin). phn ng hon ton vi 43,2 gam axit axetylsalixylic cn va V lt dung dch KOH 1M. Gi tr ca V l A. 0,72*. B. 0,48. C. 0,96. D. 0,24. Hng dn: nX = 0,24 nKOH = 0,24.3 = 0,72 ( Este ca dn xut phenol) Cu 10: Este X c to thnh t etylen glicol v hai axit cacboxylic n chc. Trong phn t este, s nguyn t cacbon nhiu hn s nguyn t oxi l 1. Khi cho m gam X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d) th lng NaOH phn ng l 10 gam. Gi tr ca m l A. 14,5. B. 17,5. C. 15,5. D. 16,5.* Hng dn: ( R -COO)2C2H4 R = 1 HCOOH v CH3COOH ME = 132 nNaOH = 0,25 nX = 0,125 m = 132.0,125 = 16,5g Cu 26: Hn hp X gm axit axetic, axit fomic v axit oxalic. Khi cho m gam X tc dng vi NaHCO 3 (d) th thu c 15,68 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Mt khc, t chy hon ton m gam X cn 8,96 lt kh O 2 (ktc), thu c 35,2 gam CO2 v y mol H2O. Gi tr ca y l A. 0,3. B. 0,8. C. 0,2. D. 0,6. * Hng dn: nCO = 0,7 v nO = 0,4 vi nCO t = 0,8 x + y + 2z = 0,7 v 2x + y + 2z = 0,8 x = 0,1 v y + 2z = 0,6 Bo ton ch O: 2x + 2y + 4z + 0,4.2 = 2.0,8 + a a = 2y + 4z 0,6 = 0,6 Cu 58: t chy hon ton 0,11 gam mt este X ( to nn t mt axit cacboxylic n chc v mt ancol n chc) thu c 0,22 gam CO2 v 0,09 gam H2O. S este ng phn ca X l: A. 2 B. 5 C. 6 D.4* KHI B-2011 Cu 2: Cho dy cc cht: phenyl axetat, anlyl axetat, metyl axetat, etyl fomat, tripanmitin. S cht trong dy khi thy phn trong dung dch NaOH (d), un nng sinh ra ancol l: A. 4 B. 2 C. 5 D. 3 Cu 3: Cho 200 gam mt loi cht bo c ch s axit bng 7 tc dng va vi mt lng NaOH, thu c 207,55 gam hn hp mui khan. Khi lng NaOH tham gia phn ng l: A. 31 gam B. 32,36 gam C. 30 gam D. 31,45 gam gi s mol NaOH l a ch s axit l 7 nn s mol NaOH dng trung ha axit (s mol KOH)l: 200 x 7x 10-3/56 = 0,025mol s mol H2O to ra: 0,025 mol s mol NaOH p trieste: a 0,025 s mol glixerol thu c: (a-0,025)/3 LBTKL: m(cht bo) + m NaOH = m mui + mglixerol + m H2O 200 + 40a = 207,55 + 92 (a-0,025)/3 + 18 x 0,025 a= 0,775 m NaOH = 31 gam Cu 5: Khi cho 0,15 mol este n chc X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d), sau khi phn ng kt thc th lng NaOH phn ng l 12 gam v tng khi lng sn phm hu c thu c l 29,7 gam. S ng phn cu to ca X tha mn cc tnh cht trn l: A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 2 NaOH:nEste = 2:1 l este to bi axit v phenol (v cho X l n chc) RCOOR` +
2 2 2

2NaOH RCOONa + R`ONa + H2 O 0,15 0,3 0,15 mEste =29,7 + 0,15.18 12 =20,4 gam KLPT ca este l 136 CTPT C8H8O2 Cc ng phn ca E: C-COO-C6H5; HCOOC6H4 CH3 (c 3 ng phn o,p,m). Tng cng c 4 p. Cu 9: Triolein khng tc dng vi cht (hoc dung dch) no sau y? 1

A. H2O (xc tc H2SO4 long, un nng) B. Cu(OH)2 ( iu kin thng) C. Dung dch NaOH (un nng) D. H2 (xc tc Ni, un nng) Cu 31: Chia hn hp gm hai n chc X v Y (phn t khi ca X nh hn ca Y) l ng ng k tip thnh hai phn bng nhau: - t chy hon ton phn 1 thu c 5,6 lt CO2 (ktc) v 6,3 gam H2O. - un nng phn 2 vi H2SO4 c 1400C to thnh 1,25 gam hn hp ba ete. Ha hi hon ton hn hp ba ete trn, thu c th tch ca 0,42 gam N2 (trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Hiu sut ca phn ng to ete ca X, Y ln lt l: A. 30% v 30% B. 25% v 35% C. 40% v 20% D. 20% v 40% P1 :nCO2 = 0,25 ; nH2O = 0,35 Hai ancol ban u l no, n chc. nCnH2n+1OH = 0,1 mol S C TB l 2,5 Hai ancol l C2H5OH v C3H7OH, mi cht c 0,05 mol. P2: nCmH2m+2O (ete) = 0,015 mol =nH2O, n2ancol p = 0,03 n2ancol d = 0,07 m2ancol d = tng m2ancol m2ancol p ete ha = 0,05.46+0,05.60- mete - mH2O =3,78 gam

46a + 60b = 3,78 a + b = 0,07

a = 0, 03 b = 0, 04

Hiu sut este ha ca X v Y l 40% v 20% Cu 38: Hn hp X gm vinyl axetat, metyl axetat v etyl fomat. t chy hon ton 3,08 gam X, thu c 2,16 gam H2O. Phn trm s mol ca vinyl axetat trong X l: A. 25% B. 27,92% C. 72,08% D. 75% X + O2 3 H2O s mol X = 1/3 s mol H2O = 0,04 mol gi s mol vinyl axetat l a; tng s mol metyl axetat v etyl fomat ( 2 cht ng phn) l b

a + b = 0,04 a = 0,01 % s mol vinyl axetat = (0,01/0,04)x100% = 25 % 86a + 74b = 3,08

NM 2010 KHI A-2010 Cu 10: Hn hp M gm ancol no, n chc X v axit cacboxylic n chc Y, u mch h v c cng s nguyn t C, tng s mol ca hai cht l 0,5 mol (s mol ca Y ln hn s mol ca X). Nu t chy hon ton M th thu c 33,6 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 25,2 gam H2O. Mt khc, nu un nng M vi H2SO4 c thc hin phn ng este ho (hiu sut l 80%) th s gam este thu c l A. 34,20. B. 27,36. C. 22,80. D. 18,24. Hng dn: nM = 0,5 mol , nCO2 = 1,5 mol x + y = 0,5 ; 4x + ky/2 = 1,4 1,2 X v Y u c 3C trong phn t. => y = ; V 0,5 > y > 0,25 8 k Cng thc ca ancol C3H7OH, ca axit C3HkO2 Gi s mol ca X l x, ca Y l y k = 4; y = 0,3 v x = 0,2 V s mol ca ancol nh hn s mol ca axit (0,5>y>0,5/2=0,25) nn tnh theo s mol ca ancol. C3H7OH 3CO2 + 4H2O Este thu c c cng thc l: C2H3COOC3H7 x 4x mol mE = 0,2.0,8.114 = 18,24g C3HkO2 3CO2 + k/2 H2O y ky/2 mol Cu 15: Tng s cht hu c mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C2H4O2 l A. 3. B. 1. C. 2. D. 4. Cu 29: Thu phn hon ton 0,2 mol mt este E cn dng va 100 gam dung dch NaOH 24%, thu c mt ancol v 43,6 gam hn hp mui ca hai axit cacboxylic n chc. Hai axit l A. HCOOH v CH3COOH. B. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH. 2

C. C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH. D. HCOOH v C2H5COOH. Hng dn: nE = 0,2 mol ; nNaOH = 0,6 mol nNaOH =3nE => Este 3 chc (RCOO)2ROOCR 2RCOONa + RCOONa + R(OH)3 0,2 0,4 0,2 mol (R + 67)0,4 + (R + 67)0,2 = 43,6; nn 2R + R = 17 R = 1 (H) ; R = 15 (CH3) Cu 38: Cho s chuyn ho: + H 2 du ( Ni ;t 0C + NaOH du ;t 0C + HCl Triolein X Y Z Tn ca Z l A. axit linoleic. B. axit oleic. C. axit panmitic. D. axit stearic. Cu 40: t chy hon ton mt este n chc, mch h X (phn t c s lin kt nh hn 3), thu c th tch kh CO2 bng 6/7 th tch kh O2 phn ng (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin). Cho m gam X tc dng hon ton vi 200 ml dung dch KOH 0,7M thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c 12,88 gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 7,20. B. 6,66. C. 8,88. D. 10,56. Hng dn: t cng thc ca X l CnH2n 2kO2 , k 1 CnH2n 2kO2 +
3n k 2 O2 nCO2 + (n k) H2O 2 6 3n k 2 2n = 3k + 6. V k 1 nn n ch c th bng 3 vi k = 0 n= x 7 2

Cng thc phn t ca X l C3H6O2. Cng thc cu to l RCOOR. R ch c th l H hoc CH3 RCOOR + KOH RCOOK + ROH x x x mol KOH d 0,14 x mol (R + 83)x + 56(0,14 x) 12,88 => x = Vi R = 1 th x = 0,18 > 0,14 loi R = 15 th x = 0,12 m = 0,12.74 = 8,88g Cu 48: Hn hp gm 0,1 mol mt axit cacboxylic n chc v 0,1 mol mui ca axit vi kim loi kim c tng khi lng l 15,8 gam. Tn ca axit trn l A. axit propanoic. B. axit metanoic. C. axit etanoic. D. axit butanoic. Hng dn: RCOOH v RCOOA (R + 45)0,1 + (R + 44 + A)0,1 = 15,8 => A + 2R = 69 v R =
69 A nn A phi nh hn 69 2 5,04 R + 27

A 7 (Li) 23 (Na) 39 (K) R 31 (loi) 23 (loi) 15 (CH3) Cu 57: Cho hn hp X gm ancol metylic v hai axit cacboxylic (no, n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng) tc dng ht vi Na, gii phng ra 6,72 lt kh H2 (ktc). Nu un nng hn hp X (c H2SO4 c lm xc tc) th cc cht trong hn hp phn ng va vi nhau to thnh 25 gam hn hp este (gi thit phn ng este ho t hiu sut 100%). Hai axit trong hn hp X l A. HCOOH v CH3COOH. B. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH. C. C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH. D. C3H7COOH v C4H9COOH. Hng dn: nX = 2nH2 = 0,6 mol ; Cc cht trong X phn ng vi nhau va => S mol ca ancol = s mol ca axit = 0,6/2 = 0,3 mol => n este = 0,3 mol; CnH2n + 1COOCH3 ME = 25/0,3 = 83,3 14n + 60 = 83,3 n = 1,66 2 axit l CH3COOH v C2H5COOH KHI B-2010 Cu 1 : Hp cht hu c mch h X c cng thc phn t C 6H10O4. Thy phn X to ra hai ancol n chc c s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t gp i nhau. Cng thc ca X l A. CH3OCO-CH2-COOC2H5. B. C2H5OCO-COOCH3. C. CH3OCO-COOC3H7. D. CH3OCO-CH2-CH2-COOC2H5. Gii: Ch c este to thnh t 2 ancol: CH3OH v C2H5OH tha mn Cu 3: Hn hp X gm axit panmitic, axit stearic v axit linoleic. trung ha m gam X cn 40 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Mt khc, nu t chy hon ton m gam X th thu c 15,232 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) v 11,7 gam H2O. S mol ca axit linoleic trong m gam hn hp X l A. 0,015. B. 0,010. C. 0,020. D. 0,005. 3

Gii: Ta c: axit panmitic, axit stearic no n chc nn khi chy to nH2O = nCO2 cn axit linoleic khng no c 2 lin kt i trong gc HC v n chc nn khi chy cho: 2naxit = nCO2- nH2O . naxit linoleic = (0,68 0,65)/2 = 0,015 mol Cu 10: Hn hp Z gm hai axit cacboxylic n chc X v Y (M X > MY) c tng khi lng l 8,2 gam. Cho Z tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, thu c dung dch cha 11,5 gam mui. Mt khc, nu cho Z tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Cng thc v phn trm khi lng ca X trong Z l A. C3H5COOH v 54,88%. B. C2H3COOH v 43,90%. C. C2H5COOH v 56,10%. D. HCOOH v 45,12%. Gii: n hn hp axit = (11,5-8,2)/22 = 0,15 mol nHCOOH = n Ag = 0,1 mol 0,1.46 + 0,05.(R + 45) = 8,2 R = 27 (C2H3). Vy axit X: C2H3COOH ( 43,90%) Cu 40: Trong cac cht : xiclopropan, benzen, stiren, metyl acrylat, vinyl axetat, imetyl ete, s cht co kha nng lam mt mau nc brom la A. 5 B. 4 C. 6 D. 3 Gii: xiclopropan, stiren, metyl acrylat, vinyl axetat. Cu 44: Hn hp M gm axit cacboxylic X, ancol Y (u n chc, s mol X gp hai ln s mol Y) va este Z c tao ra t X va Y. Cho mt lng M tac dung va u vi dung dich cha 0,2 mol NaOH, tao ra 16,4 gam mui va 8,05 gam ancol. Cng thc cua X va Y la A. HCOOH va CH3OH B. CH3COOH va CH3OH C. HCOOH va C3H7OH D. CH3COOH va C2H5OH Gii: gi s mol: RCOOH a ROH a RCOOR b Theo gi thit: nRCOONa = a + b = 0,2 mol. MRCOONa = 82 R = 15. (CH3). X l CH3COOH Loi p n: A v C. (a + b) < nROH = a + b < a + b 0,1 < nROH < 0,2 40,25 < Mancol < 80,5. Loi p n B. CAO NG-2010 Cu 5 : Cho 16,4 gam hn hp X gm 2 axit cacboxylic la ng ng k tip nhau phan ng hoan toan vi 200 ml dung dich NaOH 1M va KOH 1M thu c dung dich Y. C can dung dich Y, thu c 31,1 gam hn hp cht rn khan. Cng thc cua 2 axit trong X la A. C2H4O2 va C3H4O2 B. C2H4O2 va C3H6O2 C. C3H4O2 va C4H6O2 D. C3H6O2 va C4H8O2 Cu 7 : Hn hp Z gm hai este X va Y tao bi cung mt ancol va hai axit cacboxylic k tip nhau trong day ng ng (MX < MY). t chay hoan toan m gam Z cn dung 6,16 lit khi O 2 (ktc), thu c 5,6 lit khi CO 2 (ktc) va 4,5 gam H2O. Cng thc este X va gia tri cua m tng ng la A. CH3COOCH3 va 6,7 B. HCOOC2H5 va 9,5 C. HCOOCH3 va 6,7 D. (HCOO)2C2H4 va 6,6 Cu 15 : Phat biu ung la A. Phenol phan ng c vi dung dich NaHCO3 B. Phenol phan ng c vi nc brom C. Vinyl axetat phan ng vi dung dich NaOH sinh ra ancol etylic D. Thuy phn benzyl clorua thu c phenol Cu 31 : Cho 45 gam axit axetic phn ng vi 69 gam ancol etylic (xc tc H 2SO4 c), un nng, thu c 41,25 gam etyl axetat. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho l A. 62,50% B. 50,00% C. 40,00% D. 31,25% Cu 33 : Hai cht X v Y c cng cng thc phn t C 2H4O2. Cht X phn ng c vi kim loi Na v tham gia phn ng trng bc. Cht Y phn ng c vi kim loi Na v ho tan c CaCO 3. Cng thc ca X, Y ln lt l A. HOCH2CHO, CH3COOH B. HCOOCH3, HOCH2CHO C. CH3COOH, HOCH2CHO D. HCOOCH3, CH3COOH Cu 37 (Ncao): trung ho 15 gam mt loi cht bo c ch s axit bng 7, cn dng dung dch cha a gam NaOH. Gi tr ca a l A. 0,150 B. 0,280 C. 0,075 D. 0,200 4

Cu 49 : Axit cacboxylic X c cng thc n gin nht l C 3H5O2. Khi cho 100 ml dung dch axit X nng 0,1M phn ng ht vi dung dch NaHCO3 (d), thu c V ml kh CO2 (ktc). Gi tr ca V l A. 112 B. 224 C. 448 D. 336