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⎧⎪sin x ≤ 0
⇔⎨
( 2
) (2
⎪⎩5 cos x − 2 cos x − 1 = 4 1 − cos x )
⎧sin x ≤ 0
⇔⎨
⎩2 cos x + 5 cos x − 3 = 0
2
⎧sin x ≤ 0
⎪
⇔⎨ 1
⎪⎩cos x = 2 ∨ cos x = −3 ( loaïi )
⎧sin x ≤ 0
⎪
⇔⎨ π
⎪⎩ x = ± 3 + k2π, k ∈
π
⇔ x = − + k2π, k ∈
3
⎛ π⎞
Baø i 140 : Giaû i phöông trình 1 + 8 sin 2x. cos2 2x = 2 sin ⎜ 3x + ⎟ ( *)
⎝ 4⎠
⎧ ⎛ π⎞
⎪sin ⎜ 3x + 4 ⎟ ≥ 0
⎪ ⎝ ⎠
Ta coù : (*) ⇔ ⎨
⎪1 + 8 sin 2x cos2 2x = 4 sin2 ⎛ 3x + π ⎞
⎪⎩ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
⎧ ⎛ π⎞
⎪sin ⎜ 3x + 4 ⎟ ≥ 0
⎪ ⎝ ⎠
⇔⎨
⎪1 + 4 sin 2x (1 + cos 4x ) = 2 ⎡1 − cos( 6x + π ) ⎤
⎪⎩ ⎢⎣ 2 ⎥⎦
⎧ ⎛ π⎞
⎪sin ⎜ 3x + ⎟ ≥ 0
⇔⎨ ⎝ 4⎠
⎪1 + 4 sin 2x + 2 ( sin 6x − sin 2x ) = 2 (1 + sin 6x )
⎩
⎧ ⎛ π⎞ ⎧ ⎛ π⎞
⎪⎪sin ⎜ 3x + 4 ⎟ ≥ 0 ⎪⎪sin ⎜ 3x + 4 ⎟ ≥ 0
⇔⎨ ⎝ ⎠ ⇔⎨ ⎝ ⎠
⎪sin 2x = 1 ⎪ x = π + kπ ∨ x = 5π + kπ, k ∈
⎩⎪ 2 ⎩⎪ 12 12
⎛ π⎞
So laï i vôù i ñieà u kieä n sin ⎜ 3x + ⎟ ≥ 0
⎝ 4⎠
π
•Khi x = + kπ thì
12
⎛ π⎞ ⎛π ⎞
sin ⎜ 3x + ⎟ = sin ⎜ + 3kπ ⎟ = cos kπ
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝2 ⎠
⎡1 , ( neáu k chaün ) ( nhaän )
=⎢
⎢⎣ −1 , ( neáu k leû ) ( loaïi )
5π
• Khi x = + kπ thì
12
⎛ π⎞ ⎛ 3π ⎞ ⎛ π ⎞
sin ⎜ 3x + ⎟ = sin ⎜ + 3kπ ⎟ = sin ⎜ − + kπ ⎟
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎡ −1 , neáu k chaün ( loaïi )
=⎢
⎢⎣1 , neáu k leû ( nhaän )
π 5π
Do ñoù ( *) ⇔ x = + m2π ∨ x = + ( 2m + 1) π, m ∈
12 12
1 − sin 2x + 1 + sin 2x
Baø i 141 : Giaû i phöông trình = 4 cos x ( * )
sin x
Luù c ñoù : ( *) ⇔ 1 − sin 2x + 1 + sin 2x = 2 sin 2x
( hieå n nhieâ n sinx = 0 khoâ n g laø nghieä m , vì sinx =0 thì VT = 2, VP = 0 )
⎪⎧2 + 2 1 − sin2 2x = 4 sin2 2x
⇔⎨
⎪⎩sin 2x ≥ 0
⎧⎪ 1 − sin2 2x = 2 sin2 2x − 1
⇔⎨
⎪⎩sin 2x ≥ 0
⎧1 − sin 2 2x = 4 sin4 2x − 4 sin2 2x + 1
⎪
⎪ 1
⇔ ⎨sin2 2x ≥
⎪ 2
⎪⎩sin 2x ≥ 0
( )
⎧sin 2 2x 4 sin 2 2x − 3 = 0
⎪
⇔⎨ 1
⎪sin 2x ≥
⎩ 2
⎧ 3 − 3
⎪sin 2x = ∨ sin 2x =
⎪ 2 2
⇔⎨
⎪sin 2x ≥ 2
⎪⎩ 2
3
⇔ sin 2x =
2
π 2π
⇔ 2x = + k2π ∨ 2x = + k2π, k ∈
3 3
π π
⇔ x = + kπ ∨ x = + kπ, k ∈
6 3
Chuù yù : Coù theå ñöa veà phöông trình chöù a giaù trò tuyeä t ñoá i
⎧sin x ≠ 0
( *) ⇔ ⎪⎨
⎪⎩ cos x − sin x + cos x + sin x = 2 sin 2x
⇔ cos x − sin x + cos x + sin x = 2 sin 2x
⎧t ≤ 2
⇔⎨ ⇔ t =1
⎩t = 1 ∨ t = 4
Do ñoù ( * )
⎛ π⎞ 1 π π π 5π
⇔ sin ⎜ x + ⎟ = ⇔ x + = + k2π hay x + = + k2π, k ∈
⎝ 3⎠ 2 3 6 3 6
π π
⇔ x = − + k2π ∨ x = + k2π, k ∈
6 2
1
Baø i 144 : Giaû i phöông trình ( )
1 − cos x + cos x cos 2x =
2
sin 4x ( *)
( *) ⇔ ( )
1 − cos x + cos x cos 2x = sin 2x cos 2x
⎧cos x ≥ 0
⇔⎨ hay 1 − cos x + cos x = sin 2x
⎩cos 2x = 0
⎧cos x ≥ 0 ⎧cos x ≥ 0
⎪ ⎪
⇔⎨ π hay ⎨sin 2x ≥ 0
⎪⎩2x = 2 + kπ, k ∈ ⎪ 2
⎩1 + 2 ( 1 − cos x)cosx = sin 2x
⎧cos x ≥ 0 ⎧cos x ≥ 0
⎪ ⎪
⇔⎨ π π hay ⎨sin 2x ≥ 0
⎪⎩ x = 4 + k 2 , k ∈ ⎪ 2
⎩1 + 2 ( 1 − cos x)cosx = sin 2x ( VT ≥ 1 ≥ VP )
⎧cos x ≥ 0
⎧ cos x ≥ 0 ⎪
⎪ ⎪sin 2x ≥ 0
⇔⎨ π 5π hay ⎨ 2
⎪⎩ x = ± 4 + hπ hay x = ± 4 + hπ, h ∈ ⎪sin 2x = 1
⎩⎪(1 − cos x ) cos x = 0
π
⇔ x = ± + hπ, h ∈
4
⎧sin 2x = 1 ⎧sin 2x = 1
hay ⎨ hay ⎨
⎩cos x = 0 ( ⇒ sin 2x = 0 ) ⎩cos x = 1 ( ⇒ sin x = 0 ⇒ sin 2x = 0 )
π
⇔ x = ± + hπ, h ∈
4
Baø i 145 : Giaû i phöông trình sin3 x (1 + cot gx ) + cos3 x (1 + tgx ) = 2 sin x cos x ( *)
sin x + cos x ⎞ ⎛ cos x + sin x ⎞
( *) ⇔ sin3 x ⎛⎜ ⎟ + cos x ⎜
3
⎟ = 2 sin x cos x
⎝ sin x ⎠ ⎝ cos x ⎠
( )
⇔ ( sin x + cos x ) sin 2 x + cos2 x = 2 sin x cos x
⎧sin x + cos x ≥ 0
⇔⎨
⎩1 + sin 2x = 2 sin 2x
⎧ ⎛ π⎞
⎪sin ⎜ x + ⎟ ≥ 0
⎧sin x + cos x ≥ 0 ⎪ ⎝ 4⎠
⇔⎨ ⇔⎨
⎩sin 2x = 1 ⎪ x = π + kπ, k ∈
⎪⎩ 4
⎧ ⎛ π⎞
⎪⎪sin ⎜ x + 4 ⎟ ≥ 0
⇔⎨ ⎝ ⎠
⎪ x + π = π + kπ, k ∈
⎪⎩ 4 2
⎧ ⎛ π⎞
⎪⎪sin ⎜ x + 4 ⎟ ≥ 0
⇔⎨ ⎝ ⎠
⎪ x + π = π + h2π hay x + π = 3π + h2π, h ∈
⎪⎩ 4 2 4 2
π
⇔ x = + h2π, h ∈
4
BAØI TAÄP
1. Giaû i phöông trình :
a/ 1 + sin x + cos x = 0
4x
cos − cos2 x
b/ 3 =0
1 − tg 2 x
c/ sin x + 3 cos x = 2 + cos 2x + 3 sin 2x
d/ sin 2 x − 2 sin x + 2 = 2 sin x − 1
3tgx
e/ 2 3 sin x = − 3
2 sin x − 1
sin2 2x + cos4 2x − 1
f/ =0
sin cos x
g/ 8 cos 4x cos2 2x + 1 − cos 3x + 1 = 0
h/ sin x + sin x + sin2 x + cos x = 1
k/ 5 − 3sin 2 x − 4 cos x = 1 − 2 cos x
l/ cos 2x = cos2 x 1 + tgx
2. Cho phöông trình :
1 + sin x + 1 − sin x = m cos x (1)
a/ Giaû i phöông trình khi m = 2
b/ Giaû i vaø bieä n luaä n theo m phöông trình (1)
3. Cho f(x) = 3cos 6 2x + sin 42x + cos4x – m
a/ Giaû i phöông trình f(x) = 0 khi m = 0
b/ Cho g ( x ) = 2 cos2 2x 3 cos2 2x + 1 . Tìm taá t caû caù c giaù trò m ñeå phöông
trình f(x) = g(x) coù nghieä m .
( ÑS : 1 ≤ m ≤ 0 )
4. Tìm m ñeå phöông trình sau coù nghieä m
1 + 2 cos x + 1 + 2sin x = m
(ÑS : 1+ 3 ≤ m ≤ 2 1+ 2 )
B) PHÖÔNG TRÌNH LÖÔÏ N G GIAÙ C CHÖÙ A CAÙ C TRÒ TUYEÄ T ÑOÁ I
Caù ch giaû i : 1/ Môû giaù trò tuyeä t ñoá i baè n g ñònh nghóa
2/ AÙ p duï n g
• A = B ⇔ A = ±B
⎧B ≥ 0 ⎧B ≥ 0 ⎧A ≥ 0 ⎧A < 0
•A =B⇔⎨ ⇔⎨ 2 ⇔⎨ ∨⎨
⎩ A = ±B ⎩A = B ⎩ A = B ⎩ A = −B
2
⎧ 1
⎪sin 3x ≤
⇔⎨ 3
⎪1 − sin 2 3x = 1 − 2 3 sin 3x + 3 sin 2 3x
⎩
⎧ 1
⎪sin 3x ≤
⇔⎨ 3
⎪4 sin 2 3x − 2 3 sin 3x = 0
⎩
⎧ 1
⎪sin 3x ≤ 3
⎪
⇔⎨
⎪sin 3x = 0 ∨ sin 3x = 3
⎪⎩ 2
⇔ sin 3x = 0
kπ
⇔x= ,k ∈
3
Baø i 148 : Giaû i phöông trình 3sin x + 2 cos x − 2 = 0 ( * )
( *) ⇔ 2 cos x = 2 − 3sin x
⎧2 − 3sin x ≥ 0
⇔⎨
⎩4 cos x = 4 − 12 sin x + 9 sin x
2 2
⎧ 2
⎪sin x ≤ 3
⇔⎨
( )
⎪4 1 − sin 2 x = 4 − 12 sin x + 9 sin 2 x
⎩
⎧ 2
⎪sin x ≤
⇔ ⎨ 3
⎪13 sin2 x − 12 sin x = 0
⎩
⎧ 2
⎪⎪sin x ≤ 3
⇔ ⎨
⎪sin x = 0 ∨ sin x = 12
⎪⎩ 13
⇔ sin x = 0
⇔ x = kπ, k ∈
(
Ñaët t = sin x − cos x ñieàu kieän 0 ≤ t ≤ 2 )
Thì t = 1 − sin 2x
2
( )
( *) thaønh : t + 2 1 − t 2 = 1
⇔ 2t 2 − t − 1 = 0
1
⇔ t = 1 ∨ t = − ( loaïi do ñieàu kieän )
2
khi t = 1 thì 1 = 1 − sin 2x
2
⇔ sin 2x = 0
kπ
⇔x= ,k ∈
2
Baø i 151 : Giaû i phuông trình sin 4 x − cos4 x = sin x + cos x ( * )
( *) ⇔ ( sin2 x + cos2 x )( sin2 x − cos2 x ) = sin x + cos x
⇔ − cos 2x = sin x + cos x
⎧⎪− cos 2x ≥ 0
⇔⎨ 2
⎪⎩cos 2x = 1 + 2 sin x cos x
⎧⎪cos 2x ≤ 0
⇔⎨
⎪⎩1 − sin 2x = 1 + sin 2x
2
⎧⎪cos 2x ≤ 0
⇔⎨
⎪⎩ sin 2x = − sin 2x
2
⎧cos 2x ≤ 0
⇔⎨
⎩sin 2x = 0
⎧cos 2x ≤ 0
⇔⎨ 2 ⇔ cos 2x = −1
⎩cos 2x = 1
π
⇔ x = + kπ, k ∈
2
(
Ta coù : ( * ) ⇔ 2 3 sin x cos x − 2 cos2 x = 2 2 + 2 2 cos2 x − 1 )
⎛ 3 1 ⎞
⇔ cos x ⎜⎜ sin x − cos x ⎟⎟ = cos x
⎝ 2 2 ⎠
⎛ π⎞
⇔ cos x.sin ⎜ x − ⎟ = cos x
⎝ 6⎠
⎧cos x > 0 ⎧cos x < 0
⎪ ⎪
⇔ cos x = 0 ∨ ⎨ ⎛ π⎞ ∨⎨ ⎛ π⎞
⎪sin ⎜ x − 6 ⎟ = 1 ⎪sin ⎜ x − 6 ⎟ = −1
⎩ ⎝ ⎠ ⎩ ⎝ ⎠
⎧cos x > 0 ⎧cos x < 0
⎪ ⎪
⇔ cos x = 0 ∨ ⎨ π π ∨⎨ π π
⎪⎩ x − 6 = 2 + k2π, k ∈ ⎪⎩ x − 6 = − 2 + k2π, k ∈
⎧cos x > 0 ⎧cos x < 0
π ⎪ ⎪
⇔ x = + kπ, k ∈ ∨ ⎨ 2π ∨⎨ π
2 ⎪⎩ x = 3 + k2π, k ∈ ⎪⎩ x = − 3 + k2π, k ∈
π
⇔ x = + kπ, k ∈
2
Baø i 153 : Tìm caù c nghieä m treâ n ( 0, 2π ) cuû a phöông trình :
sin 3x − sin x
= sin 2x + cos 2x ( *)
1 − cos 2x
2 cos 2x sin x ⎛ π⎞
Ta coù : ( * ) ⇔ = 2 cos ⎜ 2x − ⎟
2 sin x ⎝ 4⎠
Ñieà u kieä n : sin x ≠ 0 ⇔ x ≠ kπ
• Khi x ∈ ( 0, π ) thì sin x > 0 neân :
⎛ π⎞
( *) ⇔ 2 cos 2x = 2 cos ⎜ 2x − ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
⎛ π⎞
⇔ 2x = ± ⎜ 2x − ⎟ + k2π, k ∈
⎝ 4⎠
π
⇔ 4x = + k2π, k ∈
4
π kπ
⇔x= + ,k ∈
16 2
π 9π
Do x ∈ ( 0, π ) neân x = hay x =
16 16
Khi x ∈ ( π, 2π ) thì sinx < 0 neâ n :
π⎞
( *) ⇔ − cos 2x = cos ⎛⎜ 2x − ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
⎛ π⎞
⇔ cos ( π − 2x ) = cos ⎜ 2x − ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
π
⇔ 2x − = ± ( π − 2x ) + k2π, k ∈
4
5π
⇔ 4x = + k2π, k ∈
4
5π kπ
⇔x= + ,k ∈
16 2
21π 29π
Do x ∈ ( π, 2π ) neân x = ∨x= •
16 16
Ta coù :
sin6 x + cos6 x = ( sin2 x + cos2 x )( sin4 x − sin2 x cos2 x + cos4 x )
3
=1− sin 2 2x
4
Ñaët t = sin 2x ñieà u kieä n 0 ≤ t ≤ 1
3 2
t = at ( * *)
thì (*) thaø n h : 1 −
4
1 3
⇔ − t = a (do t = 0 thì (**) voâ nghieä m )
t 4
1 3
Xeù t y = − t treân D = ( 0,1]
t 4
1 3
thì y ' = − 2 − < 0
t 4
1
Do ñoù : (*) coù nghieä m ⇔ a ≥ •
4
Ta coù
(1 − t ) −2 (1 + t ) + (1 − t )
y' = − 1+ t + =
2 1+ t 2 1+t
−3t − 1
⇔ y' = < 0 ∀t ∈ ⎡⎣0, 3 ⎤⎦
2 1+t
⎡ π⎤
(
Do ñoù : (*) coù nghieä m treâ n ⎢0, ⎥ ⇔ 1 − 3
⎣ 3⎦
) 1+ 3 ≤ m ≤ 1•
BAØI TAÄP
1. Giaû i caù c phöông trình
a/ sin x − cox = 1 − 4 sin 2x
b/ 4 sin x + 3 cos x = 3
1
c/ tgx = cot gx +
cos x
1 1 1 ⎛ 1 + 3 cos2 x ⎞
d/ + − 2 = − 2⎜ ⎟
sin x 1 − cos x 1 + cos x ⎝ sin x ⎠
2
1
e/ cot gx = tgx +
sin x
f/ 2 cos x − sin x = 1
1 + cos x + 1 − cos x
g/ = 4 sin x
cos x
1 − cos 2x ⎛ 1⎞
h/ = 2 ⎜ cos x − ⎟
sin x ⎝ 2⎠
sin 3 x + cos3 x
m/ cos 2x + 1 + sin 2x =
2
n/ cos x + sin 3x = 0
1
r/ cot gx = tgx +
sin x
s/ cos x + 2 sin 2x − cos 3x = 1 + 2 sin x − cos 2x
tg 2 x 1
o/ = tgx + 1 +
tgx − 1 tgx − 1
p/ sin x − cos x + sin x + cos x = 2
2. sin x + cos x + a sin 2x = 1
Tìm tham soá a döông sao cho phöông trình coù nghieä m
3. Cho phöông trình: sin x − cos x + 4 sin 2x = m
a/ Giaû i phöông trình khi m = 0
65
b/ Tìm m ñeå phöông trình coù nghieä m (ÑS 2−4≤m≤ )
16