GUIA DE TRABAJO

 Lea atentamente el texto.

 Escriba los datos más importantes en su agenda o libreta de apuntes.
 Responda los ejercicios que se proponen.

VERBO "TO BE"

El verbo "to be" en inglés es equivalente a los verbos "ser" y "estar" en castellano. Su
declinación en el presente del indicativo (simple present) es la siguiente:

Simple Present del verbo "To Be"

Yo soy/estoy I am
Tu eres/estás You are
El/ella es/está He/she/it is
Nosotros somos/estamos We are
Vosotros sois/estáis You are
Ellos/ellas son/están They are

Se suelen utilizar contracciones de estas formas; La forma completa y la contraída

son igualmente correctas, aunque la contraída es algo más informal.

Afirmativa
forma completa forma contraída
I am I´m
You are you´re
He / she / it is he´s / she´s / it´s
We are we´re
You are you´re
They are they´re

Negación (sujeto + verbo + not)

forma completa forma contraída
I am not I´m not
You are not you aren´t
He / she / it is not he / she / it isn´t
We are not we aren´t
You are not you aren´t
They are not they aren´t

Interrogación (verbo + sujeto)

respuesta breve + respuesta breve –
Am I ...? Yes, I am No, I´m not
Are you...? Yes, you are No, you aren´t
Is he / she / it ....? Yes, he/she/it is No, he/she/it isn´t
Are we...? Yes, we are No, we aren´t
Are you....? Yes, you are No, you aren´t
Are they....? Yes, they are No, they aren´t

Ejemplos: Are you a student? Yes, I am.

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Is she your friend? Yes, she is.
Are they your classmates? No, they aren´t.

Su declinación en tiempo pasado (simple past):

Simple Past del verbo "To Be"

Afirmativa

Yo era/estaba (fui/estuve) I was

Tu eras/estabas (fuiste/estuviste) You were
El/ella era/estaba (fue/estuvo) He/she/it was
Nosotros éramos/estábamos (fuimos/estuvimos) We were
Vosotros erais/estabais (fuisteis/estuvisteis) You were
Ellos/ellas eran/estaban (fueron/estuvieron) They were

Negación (sujeto + verbo + not)

forma completa forma contraída
I was not I wasn´t
You were not you weren´t
He/she/it was not he/she/it wasn´t
We were not we weren´t
You were not you weren´t
They were not they weren´t

Interrogación (verbo + sujeto)

respuesta breve + respuesta breve –
Was I ...? Yes, I was No, I wasn´t
Were you...? Yes, you were No, you weren´t
Was he/she/it ....? Yes, he/she/it was No, he/she/it wasn´t
Were we...? Yes, we were No, we weren´t
Were you....? Yes, you wer No, you weren´t
Were they....? Yes, they were No, they weren´t

Ejemplos: Were you a student? Yes, I was.

Was she your friend? Yes, she was.
Were they your classmates? No, they weren´t.

El verbo "to be" se puede utilizar como un verbo ordinario y en este caso sirve para
dar información sobre el sujeto:
I am old. Yo soy mayor
The car is red. El coche es rojo
It is cold. Hace frio (el día está frio)

También se utiliza como verbo auxiliar para formar las formas continuas:
I am running. Yo estoy corriendo
I was running. Yo estaba corriendo

Y para construir la forma pasiva:

The table is made of wood. La mesa está hecha de madera

Otro uso del verbo "to be" es seguido de infinitivo y se utiliza para dar órdenes de
una manera un tanto impersonal, especialmente con la 3ª persona, o también para
comunicar un plan:

He is to solve that problem. El debe resolver ese problema

They are to help you. Ellos deben ayudarte
I am to travel next week. Voy a viajar la próxima semana

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 VOCABULARIO
Sombrero Hat Chaleco Vest
Bufanda Scarf Corbata Tie
Gabardina Raincoat Camisa Shirt
Abrigo Coat Camiseta T-shirt
Chaqueta Jacket Traje Suit
Guante Glove Ropa interior Underwear
Pantalones Pants Camiseta (interior) Vest
Zapato Shoe Calzoncillo Shorts
Bota Boat Sujetador Bra
Zapatilla Slipper Calcetín Sock
Pijama Pyjamas Bragas Panties
Vestido Dress
VERBOS
Infinitivo/Presente Significado Forma pasada Participio
To stand soportar stood stood
To come up surgir came up come up
To wake despertar woke woke
To be ser / estar was been
To stand aguantar stood stood
To beat golpear beat beaten
To become llegar a ser became become
To happen ocurrir happened happened
To procreate procrear procreated procreated
To begin empezar began begun

EJERCICIOS

Verb to be – Simple Present

1. Write am, is or are.

1. Mary ...... a teacher.
2. My friends ...... Italian.
3. They ...... doctors.
4. She ...... from Holland.
5. I ...... an engineer.
6. Paul ...... very tall.
7. London ...... the capital of England.
8. We ...... American.
9. Mary and Eve ...... from Russia.
10. Your parents ...... teachers.

2. Write the sentences in exercise 1 in the short form, when possible.

1. Mary´s a teacher. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.

3. Write these sentences in the negative (short form).

1. Luke´s a student.
……………………………………………………………..
2. Laura and Gabriel are friends.
……………………………………………………………..
3. You´re from Spain. ……………………………………………………………..
4. He´s my neighbour. ……………………………………………………………..
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5. We´re Italian. ……………………………………………………………..
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4. Write am, is or are. Then, write short answers.

1. ...... you a student? ......, ........... 5. ....... you French? ......., .........
2. ...... your mother a doctor? ......., ......... 6. ....... your neighbour from Spain?.......
3. ...... your friends nice? ......, ........... 7. ....... it sunny now? ......., .........
4. ...... Dublin in Ireland? ........, ........... 8. ....... Sydney in Australia? ........, .........
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Verb to be – Simple Past

1. Complete.
I was
You ......
He ......
She ......
It ......
We were
You .......
They .......

2. Complete with was or were.

1. John ...... at home last week.
2. They ...... at the cinema yesterday.
3. Your parents ...... at the station at nine o´clock.
4. Mary ...... in the street this morning.
5. My aunt ...... in hospital yesterday morning.
6. I ...... at school this morning.
7. Jill and Kevin ...... at the zoo las Sunday.
8. We ...... in a Chinese restaurant last night.

3. Write these sentences in the negative form.

1. Mum was at home this morning.
.................................................................................
2. Paul and Mary were in the shop.
.................................................................................
3. His friends were very happy yesterday afternoon.
......................................................
4. I was late for the cinema.
............................................................................................
5. We were at home to watch a film on TV. ....................................................................

4. Answer these questions with short answers, as in the example.

1. Were you at home last night? Yes, I was / No, I wasn´t
2. Was it hot yesterday? ......................................
3. Were your friends at home last Monday? .....................................
4. Was your father at work this morning? .....................................
5. Were you in class yesterday morning? .....................................

Answers
Exercise 1:
1. is
2. are
3. are
4. is
5. am

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6. is
7. is
8. are
9. are
10. are
Exercise 2:
2. My friends are Italian
3. They´re doctors
4. She´s from Holland
5. I´m an engineer.
6. Paul´s very tall
7. London´s the capital of England.
8. We´re American.
9. Mary and Eve are from Russia.
10. Your parents are teachers.
Exercise 3:
1. Luke´s not a student
2. Laura and Gabriel aren´t friends
3. You aren´t from Spain/You´re not from Spain.
4. He isn´t my neighbour/He´s not my neighbour
5. We aren´t Italian/We´re not Italian.
Exercise 4:
1. Are you a student? Yes, I am/no, I´m not
2. Is your mother a doctor? Yes, she is/no she isn´t
3. Are your friends nice? Yes, they are/no they aren´t
4. Is Dublin in Ireland? Yes, it is.
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5. Are you French? Yes, I am/no, I´m not.
6. Is your neighbour from Spain? Yes he/she is / no, he/she isn´t
7. Is it sunny now? Yes, it is / no, it isn´t
8. Is Sydney in Australia? Yes, it is.

Answers
Exercise 1:
I was
You were
He was
She was
It was
We were
You were
They were
Exercise 2:
1. John was at home last week.
2. They were at the cinema yesterday.
3. Your parents were at the station at nine o´clock.
4. Mary was in the street this morning.
5. My aunt was in hospital yesterday morning.
6. I was at school this morning.
7. Jill and Kevin were at the zoo last Sunday.
8. We were in a Chinese restaurant last night.
Exercise 3:
1. Mum wasn´t at home this morning.
2. Paul and Mary weren´t in the shop.
3. His friends weren´t very happy yesterday afternoon.
4. I was late for the cinema.
5. We weren´t at home to watch a film on TV.
Exercise 4:

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2. Yes, it was / no, it wasn´t
3. Yes, they were / no, they weren´t
4. Yes, he was / no he wasn´t
5. Yes, they were / no, they weren´t