Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Transmission Support
Bearings (轴承)
1
Lectures
ME 350
Power/Energy
Conversion
Power/Energy
(Electrical Motors) Transmission
(Gears,
Belt Drives,
Power Screws)
Transmission
Joints
Support
(Fasteners, Structural
(Bearings) Support
Connectors) (Frames
Shafts
Axles
Spindles)
Tools
Stress Analysis,
Failure Theories
Dynamics, Statics, Etc….
2
Why Bearings
ME 350
Bearing is defined by Webster’s to be “a
support or supporting part”
– In machine design, a bearing is a
component that allows for relative motion
between two bodies
Bearings are for:
reduce friction
carry load
guide of moving parts
3
History
ME 350
4
Reconstruction of Old Bearing
ME 350
5
Development of the Bearing
ME 350
3500 B.C. 1794 A.D.
1869
700 B.C.
40 A.D.
1995
6
Sliding or Rolling Bearings
ME 350
Sliding bearings:
µ
sliding friction
Rolling bearings:
rolling friction
µ
7
Principles of Operation
ME 350
Rolling Friction (Rolling Bearing 滚动
轴承 )Roller/ball
(滚子 / 球) Outer Ring (外圈 )
Lubrication
(润滑 剂)
Circumferential
pressure profile 8
Types of Antifriction
Bearings ME 350
Ball Bearings
内径
外径
内圈
滚道
保持
架
端面 外圈
滚道 9
Bearings Components
ME 350
10
Types of Antifriction
Bearings ME 350
Tapered
Roller
Bearings 保持 架
•Components:
Cone
=Inner ring
Cup
=Outer ring
Tapered
rollers
Cage
=Space 11
Types of Antifriction
Bearings ME 350
12
Roller and Ball Contact
Area/Form ME 350
13
Rolling Elements
ME 350
Cylindrical Taper
Needle
14
Types of Ball Bearings
ME 350
16
Types of Ball Bearings
ME 350
17
Types of Ball Bearings
ME 350
18
Types of Ball Bearings
ME 350
• Self-aligning BB (自动调心球轴 承
)Spherically ground outer race
allows for alignment flexibility
19
Types of Ball Bearings
ME 350
20
Types of Roller Bearings
ME 350
A)Cylindrical (圆柱滚子
)
B) Spherical (球面滚子
)
C) Tapered Roller,
Thrust
(推力圆锥滚子)
D) Needle (滚针)
E) Tapered Roller
( 圆锥滚子 )
21
Types of Roller Bearings
ME 350
22
Types of Roller Bearings
ME 350
23
Types of Roller Bearings
ME 350
• Thrust RB (推 力滚 子轴承)
Only resist thrust
Several types: rollers, tapered 24
Types of Roller Bearings
ME 350
25
Overview of Design
ME 350
• Static stress
Static Load Rating, Co (额定 静载荷)
=Load that bearing can withstand w/o
permanent deformation
Balls will indent races, cause pitting,
lead to noise, rapid wear
• Fatigue stress
Life, Reliability and Load relations
Will happen due to high contact
stresses
More likely than static failure
Spalling or pitting in area of contact
27
Life v. Reliability ME 350
Life Testing
L = life = # of cycles of revolution
F = applied load, fixed for life tests
29
Load v. Life
ME 350
• For 2 groups of
identical
bearings tested
under different
loads F1 and F2,
the respective
lives L1 and aL2
L 1 F
= by
2
are related
L2 F1
a = 3 for ball bearings
a = 10/3 for roller bearings
30
Load v. Life
ME 350
1/ a
FL =C
C = basic load rating ( 基本额定动载荷 , life = 1 millions of
revolutions )
•The Basic Load Rating (C) is
The constant radial load which a group of
apparently identical bearings can endure for a
rating life of 106 revolutions of the inner ring
(stationary load and stationary outer ring)
F = rated load of bearing under life L
L = life of bearing in millions of revolutions
= 90 for 90∗106 revolutions
a = 3 for ball bearing
a = 10/3 for roller bearings
31
Load vs. Life
ME 350
1/ a
FL =C
L FR
a
=
LR F
F = actual load
L = actual lifetime
FR = load rating/catalog load
LR = rated lifetime (at test load)
a = 3 for ball bearing
a = 10/3 for roller bearings 33
Load v. Life
ME 350
=
LR F
34
Example
ME 350
35
Example - Solution
ME 350
L FR
a
=
LR F
Thus
L = LR*(FR/F)a = 106*(7050/3500)3
= 8.17*106 revs
36
Load v. Life – Different
Speeds ME 350
1 1
LD LHD nD
a a
FR = FD = FD
LR LHR nR
•If a bearing is going to be subjected to a load FD
for a life LHD*nD
•And the catalog specifies a life of LHR*nR
•The bearing to be selected has to have a radial
load rating equal to or greater than FR
37
Reliability/Life Equations
ME 350
L L 1.5
R = exp − 10
4.48 38
Reliability/Life Equations
ME 350
RD = Desired
reliability 40
Reliability/Life Equations
ME 350
LHR nR
FR FD
1/1.483
0.02 4.439(ln( RD ))
1
41
Reliability/Life Equations
ME 350
1
LHD nD
a
LHR nR
FR FD
1/1.483
0.02 4.439(ln( RD ))
1
FR (C10) = catalog radial load rating
corresponding to LHR hours of life at the rated
speed of nR rpm.
FD = design radial load corresponding to the
required life of LHD hours at a design speed of
42
Example
ME 350
1
LHD nD
a
FR = FD
LHR nR
(
= 4 * 1200 * 60 * 600
3800 * 60 * 500
) 1
3
= 2.89 kN
44
Example – Solution (b)
ME 350
LD 1200 × 60 × 600
= = 0.379
L10 3800 × 60 × 500
a 1.483
C
L / L − 0.02 10
D 10 F
D
R = exp− a
C10
4.439
F
D
3 1.483
0.379 − 0.02 3 .8
4 = 0.97
= exp−
3.8
3
4.439
4 45
Bearing Selection Process
ME 350
FD = Ka Fe
• Determine the minimum acceptable
shaft diameter that limits the bore size
• Determine the design life
L = (hours)(rpm)(60min/hr) 46
Bearing Selection Process
ME 350
47
Bearing Type Selection
ME 350
48
Bearing Type Selection
ME 350
Criteria:
• Type of load: radial, thrust,
combination of both, steady or
shock
• Magnitude of load
• Rotation speed
• Shaft misalignment
• Diameter of both shaft and housing
• Packaging constraints
• Desired life
• Maintenance requirements
49
Bearing Type Selection
ME 350
50
Axial, radial and combine
loads ME 350
Combine load
radial load
Axial load
51
Thrust bearings
ME 350
Thrust ball: Thrust ball Thrust:
52
Recap of Bearing Types
ME 350
53
Speed rates
ME 350
r/min
Oil lub.
Max rotating
Grease lub speed
54
Equivalent Loads
ME 350
57
Equivalent Loads
ME 350
58
Determine the Thrust Load of
Tapered Roller Bearings
ME 350
Fae
60
Determine the Thrust Load of
Tapered Roller Bearings
ME 350
Fre Fa180B
Fa180A
FrA Fae FrB
Fre
Fa180A Fa180B
FrA Fae FrB
61
Determine the Thrust Load of
Tapered Roller Bearings
ME 350
So FeA = FrA
0.47 FrA
FeB = 0.4 FrB + K B + mFae
KA
63
Load Factors
ME 350
64
Load Factors
ME 350
65
Dimension-series
ME 350
66
Dimension-series
ME 350
67
Bearing-Life
Recommendations(Table 11-4) ME 350
68
Rated load
ME 350
FRre
Calculate the required rated load
of the application:
1 1
LD LHD nD
a a
FRre = FD = FD
LR LHR nR
FR > FRre
FR : Catalog rated load
(sometimes C0 in 69
Lubrication
ME 350
( )
= 0.4 *1120 + 1.5 0.47 * 2190 = 1477lb
1. 5
72
Example – Solution
ME 350
Thus
3000 * 500
) 3
10
= 4207lb
3
40 *103 * 400
10
74
Mounting
ME 350
75
11-13
ME 350
76
11-14
ME 350
The worm shaft shown in part a of the figure
transmits 1.35 hp at 600 rev/min. A static force
analysis gave the results shown in part b of the
figure. Bearing A is to be an angular-contact ball
bearing mounted to take the 555lb thrust load. The
bearing at B is to take only the raidal load and so a
straight bearing will be employed. Use an application
factor of 1.3 and a life of 25kh corresponding to a
reliability of 99% and specify each bearing.
77