Sach Hoc SketchUp 8 Phan I

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SketchUp by Kienking@Gmail.com
Chng I. Tng quan v Sketchup
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Starting SketchUp
1. Kch p vo file chng trnh SketchUp bt u n, hoc chn n t menu Start gc tri bn di mn hnh ca s. Hp thoi bn nhn thy trong hnh 1.1 xut hin. 2. Nh p vo nt Choose Template (Ch n mu). Cc mu m b n ch n s xc nh cc n n b n v ( nu c) v cc n v dng trong b n v ( feet-n v o chiu di c a Anh, meters-mt, vv ). B n c n ph i ch n m t mu trc khi SketchUp b t u, v cc mu m b n ch n s tr thnh mu mc nh cho l n sau khi b n m SketchUp. Khi b n click vo nt Choose Template, m t danh sch cc mu xu t hin, nh trong hnh 1.2. (Nu b n tch vo h p ch n Always show on startup th ca s Welcome to SketchUp s hi n ln khi l n sau b n khi ng chng trnh Sketch Up).
Hnh 1.1:
Bt u SketchUp.
Hnh 1.2:
La ch n m t mu.
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Ch : Hp thoi Instructor-Hnh 1.3. Lu hp thoi d c nm dc cnh bn phi, n hin th thng tin v cc cng c c la chn. Hp thoi ny c gi l ngi hng dn, v n rt hu ch tm hiu v cc cng c trong hp cng c, v n xu t hin pha trn ca ca s SketchUp. Cng c la chn ( mt mi tn ging nh con tr chut mc nh ) l cng c m c nh trong SketchUp, ho t ng khi bn bt u SketchUp, l l do t i sao Instructor gii thch vi c s dng n trong vi c la chn cc mc trong SketchUp. Hy Instructor lun lun xu t hin bi v n th hin cc hng dn rt hu ch cho cc cng c trong hp cng c. Khi bn ng cc hp thoi Instructor,ln sau bn c th lm cho n xut hin tr li b ng cch nh p vo nt trn d u hi di cng ca ca s SketchUp.
Hnh 1.3: H p tho i Instructor
Hiu v cc b ph n ca SketchUp
Nh vi hu ht cc ng dng, bn cn phi tr nn bit r v cc cng c c bn. Chng ta hy nhn vo nhm cc cng c c bn nhau ca SketchUp, nh trong hnh 1.4
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Hnh 1.4: Cc cng c c b n Nh bn mong i, SketchUp lun xut hin cc cng c c bn thng thng nh hu ht cc ng dng khc v dng m hnh m bn ang quen thuc: -Thanh menu chnh (Menu bar) - bao gm cc menu quen thuc nh File, Edit... V nh vy, Chng ta s tm hiu cc cng c c s dng lm vic trong thanh menu ca SketchUp trong sut cun sch ny. Ch : Cc thanh cng c ban u. Lu rng theo mc nh, SketchUp ch th hin thanh cng c c bn ban u ca n, l cc thanh cng c m bn nhn thy trong hnh 1.4. th hin y cc thanh cng c , chn trnh n View, sau l mc Toolbars, sau chn mc Large Tool Set . Hoc bn mun xut hin thm thanh cng c no th tch ch n vo cc m c bn d Large Tool Set .
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- Thanh cng c ( Tool bar) - Bao gm cc cng c v khc nhau, nh bn c th nhn thy nhn trong hnh 1.4. - Thanh trng thi ( Status bar) - Cc nt y th hin cc thng tin v d n hin hnh ang c thit k trong SketchUp, thng tin v cc cng c hin hnh, v mt nt Help ( nt c biu tng du h i ) c th dng bt tt hp thoi hng dn- Instructor . l tng quan v SketchUp . By gi hy bt u s dng mt s cng c.
S dng cng c xoay theo qu o Orbit

- C ba cng c chnh quan trng m bn cn phi lm quen vi n bt u lm vic vi SketchUp: Orbit, Pan v Zoom. - Bng cch quay cng c Orbit, bn c th quan st cc m hnh bn ang to ra t m i gc . Sau y l cch s dng cng c Orbit: 1. Khi ng SketchUp. hp thoi Welcome to SketchUp xut hin. i vi cng c ny, chng ti s lm vic vi mu - Simple Template m chng ta s dng trong cc cng vic trc . 2. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp. iu ny ngha l SketchUp s s dng s dng mu Simple Template t la chn trc y l mu mc nh (xem phn trn), nh th hin trong hnh 1.5. Cng c Orbit
Hnh 1.5: Khi ng SketchUp v l a ch n cng c Orbit 3. Nhp vo cng c Orbit trn thanh cng c ( nh trong hnh 1.6). 4. Gi phm tri chut v di chuyn cng c Orbit theo nhiu hng trong khng gian lm vic ca SketchUp. Khi bn thc hin n th gc hin ti m bn ang quan st trong ca s khng gian lm vic ca SketchUp s thay i nh bn c th thy trong hnh 1.6. Cc cng c Orbit cho php bn quan st xung quanh cc m hnh 3D ca bn bng cch ch cn gi phm tri chut v di chuyn cng c Orbit trn mn hnh.
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Hnh 1.6: S dng cng c Orbit
S dng cng c Pan

Cng c Pan cho php bn di chuyn t bn ny sang bn kia v di chuyn ln xung. Biu tng ca cng c Pan l mt bn tay. Gc quan st khng thay i khi bn s dng cng c Pan, khng gi ng nh khi bn s dng cng c Orbit. y l cch s dng cng c Pan: 1. Nhp vo cng c Pan trn thanh cng c ( th hin nh trong hnh 1.7). Cng c Pan
Hnh 1.7: S dng cng c Pan 2. Nhn phm tri chut trn mn hnh ca SketchUp " nm ly " cc hin th. 3. Ko chut di chuyn mn hnh hin th. Khi bn lm th, ton b mn hnh hin th di chuyn i xung quanh m gc quan st khng thay i hoc cch quan st khng thay i, nh bn c th thy trong hnh 1.7 ( so snh vi hnh 1.5). Cng c Pan cung cp cho bn mt cch quan st cc m hnh ca bn bng cch di 6
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chuyn chng t bn ny sang bn kia v ln hoc xung.
S dng cng c Zoom ( phng to hay thu nh ).

Cc cng c Zoom cho php bn phng to hoc thu nh mn hnh hin th, c ngha l thay i tm nhn ca bn nu bn mun. l cng c quan trng quan st cc chi tit nh hn ca m hnh. y l cch a cng c Zoom lm vic: 1. Nhp vo cng c Zoom trn thanh cng c ( hin th trong hnh 1.8 ). Cng c Zoom
Hnh 1.8: S dng cng c Zoom 3. Nhn phm chut tri ln trn mn hnh ca SketchUp. 4. Gi nguyn phm tri v ko theo hng ln phng to mn hnh hin th ln hoc ko theo hng xung thu nh mn hnh hin th. Khi bn lm th, cc ton b mn hnh hi n th s phng to hoc thu nh m khng lm thay i gc quan st hay cch quan st, nh bn c th thy trong hnh 1.8 ( so snh vi hnh 1.5). Cc cng c Zoom cung cp cho bn mt cch phng i m hnh ca bn, rt tin dng cho mt lc no . TIP: S dng bnh xe trn chut Zoom. Nu chut ca bn c mt bnh xe trn , bn c th phng to thu nh ch bng ln bnh xe v pha trc hoc sau - ngay c khi cng c c chn s dng khng phi l cng c Zoom.
La chn mt m u lm vic
Cho n nay, chng ta s dng bn mu u tin m SketchUp cung cp, l mu n gin-Simple Template s dng n v o o bng feet v inch, vi mt hnh ngi gia ca n, cng vi nn bu tri mu xanh da tri v nn mt t mu xanh l cy. Tuy nhin, bn c th khng mun c mt hnh ngi ng gia trong mi trng thit k ca ring bn. V mt s ngi mun c mt mu khng c nn sn (background), khng 7
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c bu tri, khng c mt t m ch c mt thit lp ba trc cho bn thy ba chiu. Trong phn ny, chng ta s hc cch lm th no chn mt mu lm vic tt m khng cn thm ci g khc ngoi ba trc. y l cch thit lp mu trn: 1. T hp thoi Welcome to SketchUp , nhp vo nt Choose Template. Hp thoi la chn mu s hin ra. 2. Nhp vo mu EngineeringFeet chn n ( nh trong Hnh 1.9 ). 3. Nhp vo Start Using SketchUp. iu ny m ra SketchUp vi cc mu lm vic l EngineeringFeet. 4. Kch chut tri vo hnh ngi trong khng gian lm vic ca SketchUp. Bn c th thy hnh ngi c la chn nh trong trong hnh 1.10. 5. Xa hnh ngi bng cch nhn phm Del, hnh ngi s bin mt. By gi bn c mt khng gian lm vic trong SketchUp thit k cc m hnh m khng b mt tp trung b i hnh nn. Mu EngineeringFeet hoc EngineeringMeter thng s dng bi v n khng cung cp cho bn mt nn-background c sn, do bn c th t do thit k theo cch ring ca bn. Chng ta s s dng nhng mu ny thng xuyn trong cun sch ny.
Hnh 1.9: La ch n mu EngineeringFeet
Hnh 1.10: La ch n hnh ngi 8
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Hiu v cc trc trong SketchUp

Nu bn hy xem hnh 1.10, bn s thy c ba trc tng ng vi trc x, y, v z trong h ta thng thng m bn bit. Trc x v trc y trong cng mt phng nm ngang, v trc z thng ng nh ra khi mt phng nm ngang. Chng ta s g i trc mt trc v n l gn nht vi phng nm ngang l trc x, v trc ngang khc, m n i vo pha trong l trc y, v trc nm dc l trc z, nh trong hnh 1.11.
Hnh 1.11: Ba tr c x, y, z Nhng g bn nhn thy trong hnh 1.11 l ba trc c ba mu khc nhau: - Trc x l mu . - Trc y l mu xanh l cy. - Cc trc z l mu xanh da tri. L do cc trc c t mu l nhng ng thng m bn v ( xem cc phn tip theo ) thng song song vi trc ny hoc trc khc ca SketchUp, v SketchUp s cho bit hnh dng mu sc trc m n song song vi. V vy, v d khi bn v mt cnh ca hnh ch nht, mt ToolTip ( mt ca s nh mu vng vi on vn bn ) s xut hin, nu ng thng ang v c mu v ToolTip th hin l On Red Axis th ngha l bn ang v ng thng song song vi trc x ( mu ). iu ny l hu ch bi v theo mc nh SketchUp t ng bt nhng ng song song vi mt trc no cho bn v hnh dng mt cch d dng m khng t hi lm th no v c cc ng song song vi cc trc. iu ny s tr nn r rng hn khi chng ta bt u v cc hnh dng trong cc phn sp ti.
Hiu v cc cnh (Edges) v b mt (Surfaces).

Mt khi nim quan trng SketchUp l v cc cnh v b mt. Tt c cc m hnh u c xy dng bng cch s dng cc cnh v mt trong SketchUp, nh th hin trong hnh 1.12. B mt lun lun b bao quanh bi cc cnh, v bn cn phi to mt hnh khp kn t cc cnh to ra mt b mt. V d, bn c th s dng cng c Line v hai on thng trong cng mt mt phng v khng song song nhau, nh th hin trong hnh 1.13. Khi bn kt n i hai on thng ny vi mt on thng th ba to ra mt hnh khp 9
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kn, SketchUp s t ng nhn ra rng bn va to ra mt b mt, v mu sc ca b mt s th hin nh trong hnh 1.14. MO: Xo b mt cnh ca b mt m bn to Nu bn xa i mt trong cc cnh bao quanh ca mt b mt, th b mt s bin mt v n khng cn c coi l mt b mt. Tuy nhin, bn c th ti to b mt bng cch v li ng bao va xa, phng php ny c coi nh l sa cha li mt b mt.
Hnh 1.12: Cnh v b mt
Hnh 1.13: V hai on th ng
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Hnh 1.14: Mu sc khi t o thnh hnh khp kn Mt iu khc c n bit l m t b mt ph i n m trong cng m t mt ph ng trong SketchUp. Ngha l, b n khng ch c m t b mt duy nht duy nht m ngc l i b n c th t o bt k b mt no mi n l chng ph i c ph ng. khng ph i l v n khi v cc m hnh cong, b i v b n ch c n s d ng r t nhiu cc b mt ph ng khc nhau t o ra m hnh cong. MO: Khi mt hnh kn ng m khng to ra c mt b mt. Bn to b mt t mt hnh khp kn b i cc cnh, v mu sc b mt trong n c SketchUp th hin nh hnh 1.14 . Nhng iu g s xy ra nu bn v mt b mt v SketchUp khng coi n nh l mt b mt v s khng c th hin mu trong b mt? Thng th vn l cc cnh bn v ra khng nm trong cng m t mt phng. V SketchUp t ng truy bt cc ng bn v khi song song v i cc trc khc nhau ho c cnh v khc, v v bn ang v trong mi trng 3D nn rt d dng nhm ln khi v tt c chng khng cng m t mt phng. Tuy nhin, tht kh thy rng chng ang khng trong cng m t mt phng. kim tra xem mt b mt m tt c cc cnh c nm trong cng m t mt phng, s dng cng c Orbit xoay xung quanh n trong khng gian 3D v kim tra. Khi b n v m t cnh, mc nh l khi b n v n song song v i cc tr c x, y, z, th mu sc ca cnh s tng ng v i mu sc ca cc tr c m n song song ( x = mu , y = mu xanh l cy, z = mu xanh da tr i). Nu b n khng mu n v mt ng th ng song song v i tr c no m SketchUp ch n, ch c n thay i h ng khi b n v n ( b ng cch ko chu t trong khi b n ang v ) cho song song v i tr c b n mu n, v SketchUp s i u chnh h ng theo trc .
V cc cnh
Hy bt u lm m t s b n v thc t trong SketchUp b ng cch v m t vi c nh s dng cng c Line. y l cch n thc hi n. 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp . SketchUp bt u v i mu Engineering Feet m chng ta ch n l mc nh trong ph n trc . Nhp vo hnh ng i xut hi n trong cc mu ch n n v b m phm Del xa n. 2. Nhp vo cng c Line ch n n ( nh trong hnh 1,15). 3. B m phm tri chu t vo n i b n mu n n l i m u ca on thng bt u. 4. Ko chut n mt im khc n l i m kt thc ca on th ng. Bn c th 11
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Hnh 1.15: S dng chu t v cng c Line v 5. Nh phm chu t hon thnh on th ng. Khi b n th phm chu t ang gi, on thng m i ca bn c v v v tr thnh m t cnh. d dng v cc c nh khc lin k t v i c nh c, SketchUp t o cc i m c cc nhn khc nhau khi b n di chuy n cng c Line trn cc c nh c , nh b n c th th y trong hnh 1.16. MO: V ni tip cc cnh Khi bn v mt cnh m bn mun n ni tip vi cnh khc, b n thng di chuyn chut xung quanh m t im cui ca cnh m b n mun ni tip cho n khi xut hin vng mt trn nh c nhn ToolTip l Endpoint . Nhn phm tri chu t chut ln trn im cui v sau v cc cnh tip theo.
Hnh 1.16: Mt trung i m ca c nh c bit, khi b n di chuy n cng c Line ln trn i m cu i ca m t cnh ( n cng l i m cu i ca on th ng), m t vng trn nh mu xanh l cy xu t hi n trn i m cu i ca cc c nh v i cc nhn Tooltip l Endpoint . Khi b n di chuy n cng c Line t i m t v tr bt k bn trn m t cnh, m t hnh vung mu nh xut hi n v c nh v tr con tr 12
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chu t cng xu t hi n m t Tooltip c nhn l On Edge. Khi b n a cng c Line ln trn trung i m c a c nh, m t vng trn nh mu xanh da tr i xut hi n v c nh v tr con tr chu t cng xut hi n m t Tooltip c nhn l Midpoint ( nh trong hnh 1,16 ).
Cnh suy lun
Hnh 1.17: S cn thit ph i suy lu n m t cnh C hai c nh c s n - by gi yu cu b n v mt cnh th ba theo cch ca b n t o thnh m t hnh hnh ch nht. C nh th ba s c pha d i hnh, song song v i cnh trn. Nh ng lm th no b n v c c nh d i sao cho i m cu i ca n (i m th 4 ca hnh ch nht) s hon ton t ng ng vi i m cu i ca cc c nh trn? B n c th suy on tr c quan n i d ng l i khi v o n th ba c i m kt thc ca n s kt thc ngay d i i m cu i c nh trn, nh ng SketchUp cung c p cho b n m t cch tt h n. B i v y l m t php ton thng th ng, i m kt thc m t cnh v tr chnh xc ph hp v i i m cu i ca c nh khc. SketchUp c m t ci tn c bit cho n: suy lu n. Khi b n suy lu n m t c nh, b n g n k t n v i m t c nh m i m kt thc ca n l s n sng c kt n i v i i m cu i ca m t cnh khc v i m t cnh m i song song v i m t trc. Cch thc hin nh sau: 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp . SketchUp bt u v i mu Engineering Feet m chng ta ch n l mc nh trong ph n trc . Nhp vo hnh ng i xut hi n trong cc mu ch n n v b m phm Del xa n. 2. Nhp vo cng c Line ch n n. 3. V hai c nh gi ng nh trong hnh 1.17. 4. V m t cnh m i t i m cu i ca cc c nh thng ng cho n khi m t ng ch m ch m xut hi n n i i m cu i c a c nh m i t i i m cu i ca c nh trn cng, nh th hi n trong hnh 1.18. ng ch m ch m xu t hi n t ng m SketchUp suy lu n h ng dn b n c th n i i m cu i c nh ca hi n t i v i i m cu i ca c nh trn. 13
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Hnh 1.18: Suy lu n m t cnh 5. Nu khng c ng ch m ch m xut hi n, ch ra cho SketchUp bit c nh m b n mu n n suy lu n ra b ng cch di chuy n v con tr chut ln c nh trn trong hai giy. i u nh m xc minh chnh xc c nh m b n mu n SketchUp suy lu n trong trng hp SketchUp khng on ng. Sau khi di chu t v l i trn c nh b n mu n suy lu n trong hai giy, v l i c nh th ba, v ng ch m ch m n i cc i m cu i s xut hi n. 6. Nh chu t v c nh th ba, nh trong Hnh 1,19.
Hnh 1.19: Cnh m i By gi b n c m t v tr chnh xc hon thnh hnh ch nht v t o ra m t b mt (v t t c cc c nh ang trong cng m t mt ph ng ). hon t t b mt, ch c n lin kt cc i m cu i ca c nh trn v c nh d i, nh suy lu n, cc i m cu i ca c nh trn v cnh d i th ng hng. Khi b n lin kt hai i m k t thc cu i cng, SketchUp nh n ra b n t o ra m t b mt v mu sc n nh m t b mt, nh b n c th th y trong hnh 1,20. Trong chng tip theo, chng ta s bt u v hnh trong SketchUp.
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Hnh 1.20: Mt b mt m i
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Chng II. V hnh hc: ng thng, hnh ch nht, a gic v hnh trn
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Bt u
Ghi nh rng nhng g bn hc v cc cnh v b mt trong chng trc p dng y. Trong , iu quan trng m bo rng bn khng th v bt k cnh no bn trn bt k cnh khc.
V ng thng bng cng c Line -lnh tt L

y l cch s dng cng c Line v mt cnh c th: 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp trong ca s Welcome to SketchUp . 2. Nhp vo hnh ng i xut hi n trong cc mu Engineering Feet m chng ta ch n l mc nh, ch n n v b m phm Del xa n. 3. Nhp vo cng c Line trn thanh cng c . 4. Di chuy n chu t n i m bt u ca cc cnh m i m b n ang nh v. 5. Nh n nt chu t tri chu t. Lm nh v y neo m t u c nh b n ang v t i v tr . 6. Gi v ko chut n i m k t thc ca cnh m i m b n ang v. Khi b n lm th, xut hi n mt ng thng du i di t i m neo u tin n v tr hi n t i ca chu t. MO: Song song vi trc Khi bn ang v mt ng song song v i mt trc, ng s thay i mu sc cho ph hp ( mu = trc x, mu xanh l cy = tr c y, mu xanh da tri= trc z ). Ngoi ra, mt Tooltip s xut hin ti v tr con tr chut. Thng bo khi b n v ng thng ny s song song vi mt trc no thun tin cho bn. V nu bn khng mu n n song song vi trc , ch cn gi v ko chut sang hng khc cho n khi ng thng ny song song vi trc m bn mun. Khi ng thng bn v song song v i mt on thng bt k v trc th n s c mu tm. Bn c th c nh tr c m bn mun v ng thng song song vi n bng cch s dng phm mi tn sang phi v song song vi trc x, phm mi tn sang tri v song song vi trc y, mi tn ln xung song song vi trc z. 7. Nh chu t. Khi b n thc hi n xong, m t on thng xut hi n t i m neo u tin n v tr hi n t i ca chut, nh th hi n trong hnh 2.1.
Hnh 2.1: Mt cnh m i
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V hnh gm nhiu on thng lin tip

B n th ng khng v ch l m t cnh duy nht khi b n ang s d ng SketchUp, thay vo , bn v nhiu c nh lin tip v i nhau. N khng kh v m t cnh m i lin kt v i m t cnh c trong SketchUp. Khi b n v cc c nh m i v cch tip c n n t i bt k c nh hi n c, b n s th y m t hnh vung mu xut hi n trn cc c nh c khi cng c Line ang trn cnh . iu c ngha l khi th chu t n s lin kt cnh m i c a b n t i c nh hi n c t i i m th chu t. Khi cng c Line ang g n m t i m cu i c a c nh, m t vng trn mu xanh l cy s xut hi n t i i m cu i trn c nh hi n c, v mt vng trn mu xanh da tr i s xut hi n t i trung i m ca c nh. MO: Xem ToolTips Khng cn c gng ghi nh s khng gi ng nhau ca hnh vung mu , vng trn mu xanh da tr i hoc vng trn mu xanh l cy xu t hi n trn cc cnh khi b n ang lin kt cc cnh khc ti chng- Khi th ToolTips cng s xut hin vi cc nhn Endpoint , On Edge, v Midpoint . y l cch s dng cng c Line v hnh g m nhiu o n thng lin tip: 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp v xa hnh ngi xut hin theo mc nh. 2. Nhp vo cng c Line trn thanh cng c . 3. Di chuy n chu t n i m bt u ca cnh m i m b n ang nh v v nh n chu t tri. 4. Di chuy n chu t n i m kt thc ca c nh m i- y cng l i m kh i u ca cnh m i khc v nhp vo n. 5. Lp l i b c 4 cho t t c cc cnh m i trong b n v c a b n. SketchUp s tip t c gi nguyn l nh v cc c nh t i cc i m m b n kch trong b n v ca b n. 6. B m Esc SketchUp ng ng vi c v. SketchUp s ng ng v cc c nh, v hnh g m nhiu c nh lin tip ca bn hon thnh, nh th hi n trong hnh 2.2.
Hnh 2.2: V hnh g m nhiu cnh lin tip
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V o n thng c chiu di xc nh
Bn cng c th yu cu SketchUp v cc c nh v i chi u di xc nh c nh p t bn phm. y l cch v v i chiu di cho trc: 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp . 2. Nhp vo cng c Line trn thanh cng c . 3. Di chuy n chu t n i m bt u ca cnh m i m b n ang nh v v nh n chu t tri. 4. Di chuy n chu t theo h ng i m cu i ca c nh m i. 5. Nhp chi u di ca cc c nh m i. B n c th nhp nh sau: - Chiu di cm biu th n v l cm - Chiu di m biu th n v l mt - Chiu di ' biu th n v l feet - Chiu di " biu th n v l inch V v y, v d, 5m c ngha l nm mt, 5 " c ngha l n m inch. B n nhp b ng cch nh n phm c s 5 v phm c ch m . Vi c nhp n v ph thuc vo n v ca b n v c thit lp ban u. V d b n ch n mu Engineering Feet th n v l feet, cn ch n Engineering meters th n v l mt... 6. Nh n Enter. SketchUp s v c nh m i c chi u di m b n nhp.
V hnh ch nht b ng cng c Rectangle-Lnh tt R.

B n ch c n hai l n nhp chu t v m t hnh ch nht trong SketchUp. T t nhin, hnh ch nht l m t b mt, v v y khi b n ang v xong m t hnh ch nht, SketchUp s th hi n mu sc n nh mu s c ca m t b m t. y l cch s dng cng c Rectangle: 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp v i hnh ng i xut hi n trong mu Engineering Feet. 2. Nhp vo cng c Rectangle trn thanh cng c ( th hi n trong hnh 2.3). 3. Di chuy n chu t n m t gc ca hnh ch nht m i b n d nh v v nh n chu t tri. 4. Di chuy n chu t n gc i di n c a hnh ch nht v nhp vo n. SketchUp s v m t hnh ch nht, nh th hi n trong hnh 2.3. Cng c Rectangle
Hnh 2.3: V mt hnh ch nht 19
Chng II
Mo: Ko chut v hnh ch nht Bn cng c th nhn nt chut vo mt gc ca hnh ch nht v sau ko chut n gc i din, sau th chut v cc hnh ch nht. Nu bn ang to ra mt hnh ch nht c sn kch thc, th n d dng hn nu click chu t vo mt gc v sau li kch chut gc i din.
V hnh ch nht bit kch thc cho trc

Bn cng c th cung c p cho SketchUp cc kch thc ca hnh hnh ch nht m b n mu n v n. y l cch t o ra hnh ch nht c kch thc cho trc: 1. Nh p vo nt Start Using SketchUp v xa cc con s ca con ng i xu t hi n trong mu Engineering Feet. 2. Nhp vo cng c Rectangle trn thanh cng c ( th hi n trong hnh 2.3). 3. Di chuy n chu t n m t gc ca hnh ch nht m i b n ang d nh v v nh n chu t tri. 4. Di chuy n chu t sang gc i di n ca hnh ch nht m i. 5. Nhp kch thc ca hnh ch nht m i, kch thc hai c nh cch nhau b ng d u ph y. B n c th nhp cc n v sau: - Chiu di cm biu th n v l cm - Chiu di m biu th n v l mt - Chiu di ' biu th n v l feet - Chiu di " biu th n v l inch V d, v m t hnh ch nht c kch thc 5 mt v 6 mt, nhp 5m, nhp 5m,6m. Vi c nhp n v ph thuc vo n v ca b n v c thit lp ban u. V d b n ch n mu Engineering Feet th n v l feet, cn ch n Engineering meters th n v l mt... 6. Nh n Enter. SketchUp s v hnh ch nht m i c chiu di m b n yu cu.
V hnh trn b ng cng c Circle-Lnh tt C

Cng c Circle khng gi ng nh b n mong mu n l n v ra cc hnh trn. Ngha l, t t c nh ng g n c th v l v mt hnh a gic c 24 cnh v mc nh l hnh trn. Tuy nhin, b n c th thit lp s l ng cc c nh ca n theo b n mu n. Mo: So snh cng c polygons v cng c Circle V vy, cc hnh trn th c s l cc a gic trong SketchUp, v m c nh cc cnh ca n l 24. Tht th v, SketchUp cng c mt cng c v a gic - polygon , v n c mc nh l c 6 cnh. Nh ng nu bn thi t lp s cnh nh nhau gia hai cng c ny th n s v cc b mt ging ht nhau. V v y, s khc bi t l g? S khc bit l khi bn s dng cng c Push/Pull tc ng ln hnh trn ho c hnh a gic to mt m hnh 3D. Khng c v n g s y ra vi cc c nh, mt hnh trn s to ra cho bn mt hnh tr trn khng thy cc ng sinh ( ng thng dc trc ni lin hai mt bn), trong khi m t a gic s to ra mt hnh lng tr c s mt bn bng s cnh v thy cc ng sinh. l ch thc s khc bit gia vng trn v a gic (tr s cnh mc nh ca hnh trn l 24, v s lng cnh mc nh ca a gic l 6). y l cch t o ra hnh trn b ng cng c Circle: 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp v xa i hnh ng i xut hi n trong m u Engineering Feet. 20
Chng II
2. Nhp vo cng c Circle trn thanh cng c ( th hi n trong hnh 2.4). Cng c Circle
Hnh 2.4: V mt hnh trn 3. Di chuy n chu t n v tr ca tm ca hnh trn b n mu n v v nh n chu t tri. 4. Di chuy n chu t n v tr s l bn knh ca hnh trn. SketchUp v vng trn khi b n di chuy n chu t. 5 Click chu t. SketchUp v m t hnh trn c nh (t t nhin l tr khi b n xa n). V l SketchUp v ra m t hnh trn trn. Khi hnh trn c v ra, cng l m t b mt, v SketchUp th hi n mu sc n nh m t b mt, nh b n c th th y trong Hnh 2.4 Mo: Ko chut v hnh trn Cng nh bn lm vi cng c Rectangle, bn cng c th nhn chut tri tm ca mt vng trn b n mun v, ko chut n v tr l bn knh hnh trn, v sau th chut v mt hnh trn. Tuy nhin n u bn v mt hnh trn c bn knh cho trc n s d dng hn khi bn click chut mt ln vo trung tm v l i kch thm l n n a ti v tr bn knh.
V hnh trn vi bn knh cho trc

Cng nh b n c th lm v i cc cng c trn, b n c th cung cp cho SketchUp m t kch thc cho trc cho hnh trn m b n ang v. y l cch t o ra hnh trn c bn knh cho trc: 1. Nhp vo cng c Circle thanh cng c. 2. Di chuy n chu t n v tr ca trung tm ca vng trn b n mu n v v nh n chu t tri. 3. Di chuy n chu t ra ngoi tm c a ca hnh trn. 4. Nhp chi u di bn knh ca hnh trn m i. B n c th nhp cc n v sau: - Chiu di cm biu th n v l cm - Chiu di m biu th n v l mt - Chiu di ' biu th n v l feet - Chiu di " biu th n v l inch V d, v m t hnh trn c bn knh l 5 mt, nhp 5m. Vi c nhp n v ph thuc vo n v c a b n v c thit lp ban u. V d b n ch n mu Engineering Feet th n v l feet, cn ch n Engineering meters th n v l mt... 6. Nh n Enter. SketchUp v hnh trn m i c bn knh b n yu cu. Khi hnh trn c v, l m t b mt, v SketchUp s th hi n mu sc bn 21
Chng II trong hnh trn nh m t b mt.
V a gic bng cng c Polygon

Bn cng c th v hnh a gic v i SketchUp. C l b i v b n c th v hnh a gic v i cng c hnh trn-Circle ( xem ph n trn ), cng c Polygon khng xu t hi n trn thanh cng c ban u v i SketchUp. Do , chng ta s ph i s d ng thanh cng c "l n", truy cp vo cng c Polygon (xem chng I) . y l cch s dng cng c Polygon: 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp . 2. Ch n View, Toolbars, menu Large Tool Set . iu ny s xut hi n cc thanh cng c d c m r ng m b n nhn th y bn tri trong hnh 2.5. Cng c Polygon
Hnh 2.5: Thanh cng c m r ng cha cng c Polygon 3. Nh n ch n cng c Polygon trn thanh cng c m r ng ( th hi n trong hnh 2.5). 4. Di chuy n chu t n v tr tm ca a gic m b n mu n v v nh n chu t. 5. Di chuy n chu t ra ngoi tm ca a gic. 6. Click chu t. SketchUp v ra cc a gic. B n c th xem m t v d trong hnh 2.6.
Hnh 2.6: V mt a gic 22
Chng II
Ch : Thi t lp s cnh ca a gic Theo mc nh, cng c Polygon v mt hnh a gic a gic c su cnh, y khng phi nhng g bn mun - xem cc phn tip theo xem lm th no thit lp cc s cnh ca a gic m b n v. MO: G b thanh cng c m rng Large Tool Set. Nu bn mun thot khi thanh cng c m r ng Large Tool Set khi bn ang thc hin vi n, ch cn chn View, Toolbars, tch li menu Large Tool Set .
V hnh a gic vi s liu cho sn

Cng nh b n lm v i cc cng c v hnh khc, b n c th thit lp kch thc ca hnh a gic, c ngha l thit lp chiu di bn knh ca a gic, y l on th ng n i tm ca a gic t i mt nh bt k ca a gic. Hay n i cch khc l bn knh c a ng trn ngo i tip a gic. ay l cch thit lp kch th c ca a gic: 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp . 2. Ch n View, Toolbars, menu Large Tool Set . iu ny s xut hi n cc thanh cng c d c m r ng. 3. Nh n ch n cng c Polygon trn thanh cng c m r ng. 4. Di chuy n chu t n v tr tm ca a gic m b n mu n v v nh n chu t. 5. Di chuy n chu t ra ngoi tm ca a gic. 6. Nhp bn knh ca ng trn ngo i tip a gic. B n c th nhp cc n v sau: - Chiu di cm biu th n v l cm - Chiu di m biu th n v l mt - Chiu di ' biu th n v l feet - Chiu di " biu th n v l inch V d, v m t hnh a gic c bn knh l 5 mt, nhp 5m. Vic nhp n v ph thuc vo n v c a b n v c thit lp ban u. V d b n ch n mu Engineering Feet th n v l feet, cn ch n Engineering meters th n v l mt... 7. Nh n Enter. SketchUp s v cc a gic m i c bn knh b n yu cu. Khi hnh a gic c v, l m t b mt, v SketchUp s th hi n mu sc bn trong a gic nh m t b mt.
Thit lp s cch cho a gic v hnh trn

Theo mc nh, cng c Polygon s v hnh a gic c 6 c nh (lc lng) , v cc cng c Circle v hnh trn c 24 cnh. Nh ng b n cn v m t hnh tam gic. V v y, lm th no b n thit t s l ng cc c nh ca m t hnh khi b n v n? Thc hi n theo cc b c sau thit lp cc s cnh ca m t hnh trn ho c hnh a gic: 1. Nu cn thit, ch n View, Toolbars, ch n menu Large Tool Set . 2. Nhp vo cng c Polygon ho c Circle. Con tr chut s thay i thnh hnh ci bt ch v i m t a gic nh c su c nh ho c mt ci bt ch v i m t vng trn nh cho bit b n ang s d ng cng c Polygon ho c Circle. 3. Nhp s c nh m b n mu n thit lp cho hnh trn ho c a gic. V d g 3 th s v ra tam gic. 4. Di chuy n chu t n v tr tm ca a gic ho c hnh trn m b n mu n v v nh n chu t tri. 23
Chng II
5. Di chuy n chu t ra kh i tm ca a gic ho c hnh trn. SketchUp s v ra cc a gic ho c hnh trn c s cnh m bn thit lp mc 3 khi b n di chuy n chu t. 6. Click chu t. SketchUp s v ra cc a gic ho c hnh trn v i s c nh m bn thit lp v SketchUp th hi n mu s c trong n nh mu sc ca m t b mt m i. B n c th xem m t v d trong hnh 2.7.
Hnh 2.7: V mt a gic l tam gic
nh hng khi v hnh

nh hng l xc nh v tr ca m t mt ph ng bt k trong khng gian 3D. Theo mc nh, khi b n v m t hnh no trong hnh d ng khc c sn, hnh m i v s c s nh h ng nh hnh c , hay ni cch khc l n n m trong cng m t mt ph ng so v i hnh c . V v y, v d nh hnh trn v m i trong hnh 2,8 c v b ng SketchUp cng n m trong m t mt phng v i hnh ch nht c.
Hnh 2.8: Hnh trn cng mt phng vi hnh ch nht Tuy nhin, b n c th thit lp s nh h ng cho chnh mnh, khc v i s nh h ng mc nh ca SketchUp. lm c iu , v m t bt k i t m t hnh bt k khc, b ng cch s d ng cc nh h ng m b n mu n, ch ng hn nh to ra m t hnh trn theo chiu ngang. Trong khi t o hnh m i, nh n v gi phm Shift . Sau v hnh m i khc trn b mt bn mu n v v nh ng hnh ny s gi l i s nh h ng ca cc hnh m b n v khi bt u gi phm Shift (theo nh h ng ca hnh trn n m ngang v trc). 24
Chng II
B ng cch ny, b n c th nh h ng cc hnh nh b n mong mu n, m c d l s nh h ng ca cc hnh d ng c b n. Nh trong 2,9 hnh, n i m chng ta v m t hnh trn theo chiu ngang trong hnh ch nht ng (chng ta v m t hnh trn ngang trc hi n th cho SketchUp th y s nh h ng m chng ta mu n, v gi phm Shift khi chng ta v hnh trn nm ngang u tin gi s nh h ng cho hnh trn n m ngang th hai, c v i t hnh ch nht thng ng c sn).
Hnh 2.9: Hnh trn v i s thay i nh hng
Ly cc thng tin, thng s ca hnh bt k

B n c th l y cc thng tin v m t hnh bt k no trong SketchUp, ch ng h n nh di n tch ca hnh v s l ng cc c nh. Ch cn lm theo cc b c sau: 1. Nh p vo nt Start Using SketchUp trong ca s Welcome to SketchUp. Nhp vo hnh ng i xut hi n trong cc mu Engineering Feet m chng ta ch n l mc nh, ch n n v b m phm Del xa n. 2. V m t hnh h c bt k . 3. Kch chu t ph i vo hnh v ch n m c Entity Info t menu xut hi n bn c nh v tr kch chu t. Khi b n thc hi n, b n nh n c m t h p thng tin hi n th cc thng tin v hnh hc , nh th hi n trong hnh 3.10.
Hnh 2.10: Ly thng tin ca mt hnh 25
Chng II
4. c c thng tin v cc c nh c a m t hnh, kch cng c Select trn thanh cng c, trong khi h p tho i Thng tin Entity Info ang c m, sau nhp vo cc cnh ca hnh. Khi b n thc hi n, h p thng tin Entity Info s thay i, hi n th thng tin v cc c nh ca hnh, nh trong hnh 2.11. Mo: Thay i kch thc ca mt hnh hoc s cnh ca mt hnh. Bn c th chnh sa cc thng tin trong h p thng tin Entity Info ca hnh thay i hnh dng ca chnh n. V d , bn c th thay i s ca cc cnh a gic c b ng cch nhp s mi trong hp nhp d liu Segments v nhn Enter. Cng c Select
Hnh 2.11: Ly thng v cc cnh ca mt hnh
Lu li cng vic bn lm
By gi b n t o ra c cc hnh hc c b n, v by gi l xem lm th no lu l i nh ng cng vic bn thc hi n trong SketchUp. 1. Ch n Save As... t menu File(Ho c nh n t hp phm t t Ctrl+S) SketchUp s m ra m t h p tho i Save As. Nhp tn ca file m b n mu n lu l i cng vic ca b n trong h p File name. Lu r ng SketchUp s d ng cc t p tin m r ng c ui l *.skp. 2. Ch d n n th m c m b n mu n lu file c a b n. 3. Nhp vo nt Save trong h p tho i. File c a b n c lu v h p tho i s bi n mt. Khi b n ang lm vic v mu n lu cng vi c c a b n t i m t s i m sau khi t o c m t t p tin theo cc bc trc , ch n mc Save t menu File. Ho c nh n t hp phm t t Ctrl+S.
26
Chng III
Chng III. V hnh hc: Cung trn, v t do, chn vn bn v vn bn 3D
27
Chng III
Cung trn Arc, v t do-Freehand, v chn vn bn-Text

C rt nhi u th xem xt y, c bit v i vng cung arc, b i v n l m t yu t thng c s d ng v ng vng trong cc m hnh. V t do cng rt tuyt v i, nh ng c m t cht kh ki m sot b i v b n v v i con chu t. Cu i cng, chng ti s xem lm th no th hi n cc v n b n Text trong c hai mi trng 2D v 3D. By gi l bt u v i cung trn.
V cung trn bng cng c Arc-Lnh tt A

V cung trn l m t qu trnh g m ba bc trong SketchUp, b n click vo m t i m neo, kch vo mt i m khc, v sau ko n vo v tr ( SketchUp s b cong n nh l b n ko ). MO: M t cung trn trong SketchUp c 12 cnh Theo mc nh trong SketchUp th vng trn c to thnh b i 24 cnh, cung trn c to thnh t 12 phn on. Nu bn ang v mt cung trn ln, bn c th nhn thy cc cc cnh ca n thc s l cc on thng. khc phc iu , bn c th thit lp s lng cc cnh trong mt cung. Chng ti s xem nh th no trong mc " Thit lp s lng cc phn on ca cung trn" phn sau. By gi, Chng ta hy xem lm th no t o ra c cung trn. 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp v xa i hnh ng i xut hi n trong m u Engineering Feet. 2. Nhp vo cng c Arc trn thanh cng c ( th hi n trong hnh 3.1). Cng c Arc
Hnh 3.1: Cng c Arc v m t cung trn 3. Di chuy n chu t n i m bt u ca cung trn m i m b n d nh v v nh n chu t. Khi b n lm th th b n neo mt im u c a cung trn m b n ang v t i v tr . 4. Di chuy n chu t n i m cu i cn l i c a cung trn m b n ang v v nh n chu t. Ho c b n c th nhp chiu di ca hai im u v cu i ca cung nh khi b n s dng cng c Line. V khi b n lm th th m t ng th ng xu t hi n t i m neo u tin n v tr hi n t i ca chu t. 5. Trt con tr chut chu t d c theo ng thng n m gi a hai i m u cu i v a t o (n vung gc vi ng th ng ni hai im u v cu i c a cung trn), v khi b n di chuy n chu t th m t cung trn s xu t hi n t i m neo u tin n v tr hi n t i ca chu t. nh c a cung trn nm trn ng th ng n m gia hai i m neo cung trn. 28
Chng III
MO: nh hng cung trn ti mt phng cn v Lu rng khi bn cng cung trn, SketchUp s nh hng n ti cc trc khc nhau hoc cc b mt c s no ( c ngha l, v n trong mt phng c xc nh bi hai trc hoc b mt mt c s no ). Hy ko cung trn cho ti khi n khp vi mt phng m bn mun v n. 6. Click chu t. Cung trn tr nn c nh (t t nhi n l tr khi b n xa n). Bn c th th y m t cung trn nh trong hnh 3.1. MO: V mt na hnh trn bng cng c Arc. Mun v mt na vng trn bng cng c Arc? Bn ch cn tip tc ko cung trn cho n khi xut hin mt Tooltip v tr con tr chut c nhn l Half Circle, sau click chu t.
V cung trn v i kch thc cho trc

C l b n mu n t o m t cung trn chnh x c hn khi b n t t o bng tay m t cch ch quan. B n c th ch nh bn knh ca bt k cung trn no, y l cch thc hi n: 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp v xa i hnh ng i xut hi n trong m u Engineering Feet. 2. Nhp vo cng c Arc trn thanh cng c ( th hi n trong hnh 3.1). 3. Di chuy n chut n i m bt u ca cung trn m i m b n d nh v v nh n chu t. Khi b n lm th th bn neo mt im u c a cung trn m bn ang v t i v tr . 4. Di chuy n chut n i m cu i cn l i c a cung trn m bn ang v v nh n chu t. Ho c b n c th nhp chiu di ca hai im u v cu i ca cung nh khi b n s dng cng c Line. V khi b n lm th th mt ng th ng xu t hi n t im neo u tin n v tr hi n t i ca chu t. 5. Trt con tr chut chu t dc theo ng thng n m gia hai im u cu i v a t o (n vung gc vi ng th ng ni hai im u v cu i c a cung trn), v khi b n di chuy n chu t th m t cung trn s xu t hi n t im neo u tin n v tr hi n t i ca chut. nh c a cung trn nm trn ng th ng n m gia hai i m neo cung trn. 6. Nhp kch thc c a bn knh m b n mu n ( ch c n ng ng s d ng chu t v g bn knh, khng c h p tho i ho c on v n b n no xut hi n ). B n c th s d ng cc n v sau y: - Chiu di cm biu th n v l cm - Chiu di m biu th n v l mt - Chiu di ' biu th n v l feet - Chiu di " biu th n v l inch V v y, v d, nh p 5m bn knh ca cung trn l nm mt, 5 " c ngha bn knh c a cung trn l n m inch. B n nhp b ng cch nhn phm c s 5 v phm c ch m . Vi c nhp n v ph thuc vo n v ca b n v c thit lp ban u. V d b n ch n mu Engineering Feet th n v l feet, cn ch n Engineering meters th n v l mt... 7. Nh n Enter. SketchUp s v cung trn m i c bn knh m b n yu cu.
V cung trn ti p tuyn vi 1 gc

Hy quan st m t hnh c hnh dng nh trong hnh 3.2. Gi s b n mu n bo trn gc nh n ca hnh ny, v y lm th no b n lm c iu ?
29
Chng III
Hnh 3.2: Mt hnh c gc nh n B n c th v m t cung trn sao cho n tip tuy n v i hai c nh ca gc nh n nh trong Hnh 3.3.
Hnh 3.3: Hnh trn sau khi bo trn gc nh n Sau , bn c th s d ng cng c Eraser ( cng c t y) xa gc nh n khng cn thit, s c hnh nh trong hnh 3.4. l cch m bn bo trn c gc nh n. y l t ng bc ca cch thc hi n n: 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp v xa i hnh ng i xut hi n trong m u Engineering Feet. 2. V m t b mt c dng t ng t v i hnh hin th trong Hnh 3.2 v i gc m b n mu n bo trn. 3. Nhp vo cng c Arc trn thanh cng c v di chuy n chu t n i m bt u ca cung trn m i m b n ang d nh v. i m bt u nn c t trn m t cnh ca gc b n mu n bo trn ( hi n hnh vung nh mu v Tooltip c nh v tr con tr chut v i nhn l On Egde). 4. Click chu t. Khi b n lm th, b n neo i m u ca cung trn m b n ang v t i a i m . 5. Di chuy n chut n i m cu i ca cung trn m i m b n ang v v nh n chu t. i m ny n m trn c nh cn l i c a gc nh n (hi n hnh vung nh mu v Tooltip cnh v tr con tr chut v i nhn l On Egde). Khi b n thc hi n xu t hi n mt ng 30
Chng III
thng t i m neo u tin n v tr hi n t i c a chu t. Nu hai i m tip xc i x ng nhau qua ng phn gic ca gc th ng thng ny c mu tm cn n u khng th c mu en. 6. Trt con tr chut chu t dc theo ng thng n m gia hai im u cu i va t o (n vung gc vi ng th ng ni hai im u v cu i ca cung trn), v khi b n di chuy n chu t th m t cung trn s xut hi n t im neo u tin n v tr hi n t i ca chu t. Bn di chuy n chut cho n khi mu s c ca cung trn chuy n sang mu khc ( mu tm trong trng hp hai i m tip xc i x ng qua ng phn gic ca gc v mu xanh lam- Cyan khi khng i x ng) v xu t hi n Tooltip c nhn Tangent to Egde . 7. Click chu t. Cung tr nn c nh (t t nhin tr khi b n xa n). 8. Nhp vo cng c Eraser ( l nh t t E) trong thanh cng c . Cng c Eraser trng gi ng nh hnh m t cc t y v l m t cng c th ng dng kt hp v i cng c Arc. Nh ng thay i con tr chut thnh hnh m t cc t y nh cho bit b n ang s dng cng c Eraser. 9. Nhp vo hai phn o n bn trong gc nh n ( on t o b i i m tip xc ca cung trn v nh gc nh n) xa chng. iu ny mang n cho b n hnh 3.4.
Hnh 3.4: Sau khi hon thi n bo gc
V lin tip cc cung trn ti p xc vi nhau ( Xon c)

Nu b n mu n v m t lo t cc vng cung lin tip nhau, ch ng hn nh trong Hnh 3.5?
Hnh 3.5: Nhiu cung trn n i nhau lin tip 31
Chng III
B quyt l lm sao cho m i cung trn m i tip tuy n v i cung trn trc sau khi v m t lo t cc cung trn th ta s c ng cong mn. V SketchUp c th gip b n, y l cch thc hi n: 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp v xa i hnh ng i xut hi n trong m u Engineering Feet. 2. Nhp vo cng c Arc trn thanh cng c v di chuy n chu t n i m bt u ca cung trn m i m b n ang d nh v. 3. Di chuy n chu t n i m bt u ca vng cung m i m b n ang nh v v nh n chu t. Khi b n lm th, b n neo i m u ca cung trn m b n ang v t i a i m . 4. Di chuy n chu t n i m cu i ca vng cung m i m b n ang v v nh n chu t. Khi b n thc hi n xut hi n mt ng th ng t i m neo u tin n v tr hi n t i ca chu t. 5. Trt con tr chut chu t dc theo ng thng n m gia hai im u cu i v a t o, v khi b n di chuy n chu t th m t cung trn s xut hi n t im neo u tin n v tr hi n t i ca chu t. v nh n chu t, cung trn s tr nn c nh. 6. Nhp vo i m cu i ca vng cung m b n mu n tip t c v v di chuy n con chu t t t i i m kt thc tip theo. Khi b n thc hi n, SketchUp s v m t vng cung m i tip xc cung trn trc v i mu xanh lam-Cyan v Tooltip c nhn Tangent at vertex xu t hi n. 7. Di chuy n chu t n khi cung trn c mu xanh lam v Tooltip c nhn Tangent at vertex xu t hi n th nh n chu t. Cung trn m i tr nn c nh. 8. Lp l i cc bc 6 v 7 cho cc cung trn ti p. Ta s c ng cong nh trong hnh 3.5.
Thit lp s o n thng cho cung trn

Theo mc nh, cung trn c m i hai on th ng, nh ng b n c th thay i iu v i bt k s on th ng no m b n mu n. y l cch: 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp v xa i hnh ng i xut hi n trong m u Engineering Feet. 2. Nhp vo cng c Arc trn thanh cng c ( th hi n trong hnh 3.1). 3. Nhp s on th ng m b n mu n thit lp cho cung trn. V d nhp 5 th cung trn s gm 5 on. Enter. 4. Di chuy n chu t n i m bt u ca vng cung m i m b n ang nh v v nh n chu t. Khi b n lm th, b n neo i m u ca cung trn m b n ang v t i a i m . 5. Di chuy n chu t n i m cu i ca vng cung m i m b n ang v v nh n chu t. Khi b n thc hi n xut hi n mt ng th ng t i m neo u tin n v tr hi n t i ca chu t. 6. Trt con tr chut chu t dc theo ng thng n m gia hai im u cu i v a t o, v khi b n di chuy n chu t th m t cung trn s xut hi n t im neo u tin n v tr hi n t i ca chu t. 7. Nh n chu t, cung trn s tr nn c nh v i s on thng nhp. Hnh 3.6 cho th y m t cung trn g m n m o n thng.
32
Chng III
Hnh 3.6: Mt cung trn g m nm o n thng
Cng c v t do-Freehand
V t do c l khng g d dng h n khi c v b ng c m gic, v b n ch c n ko chu t. Nhng n cng khng g c th kh khn h n khi b n mu n v m t hnh v i chnh xc bt k , v l iu cc k kh kh n khi lm v y v i con chu t. Ch : B n s v khng thc t khi dng Freehand Nu bn th c s v hon ton b ng tay, mi v tr ca chut s xut hin nh mt du chm khi bn di chuyn ln trn. Nh ng v s ln tc ng ca chut ln chng trnh trong mi giy b gii hn, nn SketchUp s v cc im ti cc v tr m chut tc ng ln chng trnh v sau s v cc on th ng kt ni cc im ny vi nhau. V vy, nu bn v rt nhanh, th hnh hon thnh sau khi v trng gi ng nh nhiu on thng ni lin vi nhau. Bn cng v chm th hnh thu c cng mn. y l cch s dng cng c Freehand: 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp v xa i hnh ng i xut hi n trong m u Engineering Feet. Cng c Freehand
Hnh 3.7: V m t hnh b ng cng c Freehand 2. Ch n View, Toolbars, v ch n Large Tool Set . iu ny s m thanh cng c cng c m r ng. 33
Chng III
3. Nhp vo cng c Freehand trong thanh cng c m r ng ( nh th hi n trong Hnh 3.7). 4. Di chuy n chu t n v tr m b n mu n bt u v. 5. Nh n nt chu t tri, gi nguyn bm chu t tri v ko chu t v hnh b n mu n v. SketchUp s v hnh theo ng b n r chu t. B n c th xem m t v d trong hnh 3.7. Lu rng bn khng th " sa cha " mt hnh m b n v bng cng c Freehand bng chnh v tr cc im trong SketchUp - iu thc t l bt u v li.
Dng cng c freehand v cc b mt

B n c th thm ng cho hnh v b ng cng c Freehand trong hnh 3.7 b n t o m t b mt hon chnh trong SketchUp. Sau khi b n hon thnh b mt trn, SketchUp s t ng th hi n mu s c trong n nh m t b mt. V c b n, b n dng cng c Freehand v nh cc bc chi tit trn v thm m t bc b sung: Khp kn hnh b n ang v. Khi b n khp kn hnh, SketchUp c th coi n nh l m t b mt hon thnh v lp y n. Bn c th th y m t vi b mt c v b ng cng c Freehand trong hnh 3.8. Lu rng cng c Freehand kh kh kh n v chnh xc cc b mt, v bn thng v cc b mt phc tp bng cch kt h p cc cng c to cc b mt n gin thanh cng c.
Hnh 3.8: V cc b mt b ng cng c Freehand
Chn vn bn bng cng c Text

Bn cng c th chn v n b n trong SketchUp, v i khi n l rt quan tr ng, gi ng nh khi b n mu n th hi n cc ch d n cho cc ph n ca m t b n v ki n trc. V d , hy xem hnh 3.9, trong cho th y m t kh i lp ph ng, v mt on v n b n l " Cube". Lm th no m c on v n b n ? y l cch thc hi n: 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp v xa i hnh ng i xut hi n trong mu Engineering Feet . 2. Ch n View, Toolbars, v ch n Large Tool Set . iu ny s m thanh cng c cng c m r ng. 3. Nhp vo cng c Text trn thanh cng c m r ng. Cng c Text l m t trong cc cng c c hi n th ch ci ABC ( nh trong hnh 3.9). 34
Chng III Cng c Text
Hnh 3.9: Cng c Text v chn mt on vn bn 4. Di chuy n chu t n v tr b n mu n t v n b n ca b n v nh n chu t. Mt h p vi on vn b n Enter text nhc vic nhp vn b n s xut hi n v tr ca chu t b n c th nhp v n b n trong . 5. Nhp v n b n ca b n. 6. Nhp vo bn ngoi h p nhp vn b n lm cho nt bao bn h p nhp bi n mt. iu quan tr ng l nh n ra r ng v n b n ny l n tri n i t do, n khng ph i l m t ph n ca m hnh b n ang v. V v y, v d nu b n s d ng cng c Pan di chuy n cc kh i l p ph ng, cc v n b n khng di chuy n theo, nh b n th y trong hnh 3.10. V v y, lm th no b n kt n i v n b n vo m t m hnh hay m t b mt n s di chuy n v qu o v i m hnh ho c b mt ? Hy xem cc ph n tip theo.
Hnh 3.10: on vn b n v n n m v tr c khi b n di chuy n m hnh Mo: Chnh sa ni dung vn bn chn. Bn c th chnh sa li ni dung ca vn bn chn bng cch kch p hoc kch chut phi vo on vn bn c sn m bn cn sa v chn Edit Text menu xut hin. Ri lp lai cc bc 5 v 6 trn . 35
Chng III
To on vn bn ch thch cho i tng v

i khi, b n c th mu n ghi cc ch thch cho cc i t ng b n ang v b ng on v n b n, nh trong 3.11 hnh, n i m chng ta v m t kh i lp ph ng v g n nhn cho n. Ngc l i v i n i dung ca phn trc, ph n m chng ta ni ch c n thm on v n b n vo b n v, l n ny chng ta s ch thch cho m t i t ng trong b n v - l kh i lp ph ng. By gi khi b n di chuy n b ng l nh Pan v ho c xoay quanh qu o b ng l nh Orbit, cc n v n b n ch thch s di chuy n theo i t ng, nh b n c th th y trong hnh 3.12
Hnh 3.11: on vn b n ch thch cho m t m hnh.
Hnh 3.12: on vn b n di chuy n theo m hnh. V v y, lm th no b n ch thch m t on v n b n i tng v kt n i n b ng mt mi tn ch n i tng? Ch cn lm theo cc bc sau: 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp v xa i hnh ng i xut hi n trong mu Engineering Feet . 2. Ch n View, Toolbars, v ch n Large Tool Set . iu ny s m thanh cng c cng c m r ng. 3. Nhp vo cng c Text trn thanh cng c m r ng. Cng c Text l m t trong 36
Chng III
cc cng c c hi n th ch ci ABC ( nh trong hnh 3.9). 4. Nhn nt chut tri ln trn b mt ho c c nh b n mu n ghi ch. 5. Ko chu t n v tr m b n mu n v n b n xu t hi n v nh n chu t. Mt h p nh p v n b n s xut hi n v tr m t i bn nh n chu t. Theo mc nh, nu b n ch thch m t b mt th di n tch b mt ni m b n kch chu t ch thch s xut hi n trong h p nhp v n b n, nu b n ch thch m t cnh th l di ca m t cnh m b n kch chu t ch thch. 6. Nhp v n b n ca b n. 7. Nhp vo h p bn ngoi lm cho nt bao ca h p nhp vn b n bi n mt.
Thit lp cc thuc tnh ca vn bn nhp

Nu b n mu n hi n th on v n b n ch thch ca mnh v i m t font ch ln hn, v l font ch nghing... nh trong hnh 3.13? Ch c n lm theo cc bc sau ty chnh o n v n b n ca b n: 1. Nhp vo cng c Select trn thanh cng c . Cc con tr chu t s thay i thnh hnh mi tn. 2. Kch chu t ph i vo on v n b n m b n mu n thay i thu c tnh. Mt menu ng c nh xut hi n.
Hnh 3.13: on vn b n ch thch nghin v l n. 3. La ch n Entity Info. SketchUp s hi n th m t h p tho i c nhn l Entity Info . 4. Kch vo nt Change Font trn h p tho i Entity Info . H p tho i Font xut hi n nh hnh 3.14.
Hnh 3.14 : Thit lp thu c tnh ca vn b n 5. Ch n Font, Font Style, v Size trong h p tho i Font m b n mu n thit lp cho 37
Chng III
cc v n b n cho b n. 6. Nhp vo nt OK ng h p tho i Font . 7. Nh n vo nt X pha trn bn ph i ng h p tho i Entity Info . SketchUp s iu chnh on v n b n nh b n yu cu. Cc b c ny cho php b n thay i font ch cho m t l n la ch n v n b n chnh sa. Nh ng nu b n c c m t t mc v n b n v t t c chng xung quanh mn hnh? B n c th thay i t t c cc on v n b n trong b n v ca b n cng m t lc nu b n ch n Model Info t menu Window. H p tho i b n nhn th y trong hnh 3,15 xut hi n.
Hnh 3.15 : Thit lp thu c tnh cho t t c cc on vn b n Ch n mc Text trong khung bn tri. thit lp cc thu c tnh cho t t c cc v n b n tri n i t do trn mn hnh, hy nhp vo nt Select All Screen Text , v sau nh n nt Font trn n hi n th h p tho i Font , trong s cho php b n thit lp cc thu c tnh v n b n cho t t c cc vn b n trn mn hnh. thit lp cc thu c tnh ca v n b n c s dng ch thch, hy nhp vo nt Select All Leader Text, v sau nh n nt Font trn n hi n th h p tho i Font . Bn c th thit lp cc thu c tnh cho t t c cc vn b n ch thch. TIP: Thit lp mi tn cho vn bn ch thch Trong hp thoi Entity Info, bn cng c th thay i ni dung cc vn bn hin th, cng nh kiu dng ca mi tn c s dng lin k t cc vn bn ti cc b mt ho c cnh.
To vn b n 3D b ng cng c 3D Text
SketchUp cng cho php b n t o vn b n 3D v i cc cng c 3D Text . V d, hy xem on v n b n 3D s xu t hi n trong hnh 3.16. iu quan tr ng cn lu r ng v n b n 3D c coi l m t hnh d ng, khng gi ng nh v n b n 2D. Vn b n 3D tr thnh m t ph n ca m hnh, trong khi v n b n 2D th khng. V ngay c trong khi vn b n ch thch tr thnh m t ph n ca m hnh, th n ch l m t ci nhn c gi vn b n lo o i theo m hnh, khng tr thnh m t ph n ca n. Cc v n b n trong hnh 3.16 l m t ph n ca m hnh v xu t hi n nh m t ph n t cu trc trong m hnh. V v y, trong khi v n b n 2D c s d ng ghi nhn, th vn b n 3D v n b n tr thnh m t ph n t cu trc trong chnh m hnh . MO: To vn bn 2D thnh m t phn ca m hnh Bn mun to ra vn bn 2D thnh mt phn c a m hnh? Ch cn s dng vn bn 38
Chng III
3D, thit lp thng s Extruded thnh 0 ( xem bc 6 ). Cng c 3D Text
Hnh 3.16: S dng cng c 3D text y l cch t o vn b n 3D: 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp v xa i hnh ng i xut hi n trong mu Engineering Feet . 2. Ch n View, Toolbars, v ch n Large Tool Set . iu ny s m thanh cng c cng c m r ng. 3. Kch vo cng c 3D Text trn thanh cng c m r ng ( xem hnh 3.16). Mt h p tho i c nhn l Place 3D Text xu t hi n, ging nh b n th y trong hnh 3.17.
Hnh 3.17: H p tho i Place 3D Text 4. Nhp vn b n m b n mu n t o thnh 3D trong h p nhp vn b n c dng nhc Enter Text. 5. Thit lp cc thng s Font, Alignment , kiu vn b n (Regular ho c Bold ). Nu b n khng tch ch n Filled th s c vn b n d ng 2D v khng ph mu trong ch. N u tch ch n Filled m khng ch n Extruded th s c vn b n d ng 2D c ph mu trong ch. 6. Nhp chiu cao ca cc k t nu b n mu n ( b ng cch s d ng n v ' cho feet, " cho inch, m cho mt, ho c cm cho cm ) trong h p Height v chi u su 3D m b n mu n cung cp cho cc k t trong h p Extruded . Ch thit lp c chiu su 3D ca v n b n trong h p tho i Extruded khi tch ch n Filled v Extruded. 7. Nhp vo nt Place. H p tho i s bi n mt, v v n b n xut hi n gi ng nh m t ph n t m hnh khi c ch n v di chuy n khi b n di chuy n chu t. 8. Di chuy n chu t di chuy n o n v n b n 3D v sau nhp chu t t vn b n vo trong m hnh. V n b n 3D ny s nh h ng t i bt k trc ho c b mt no gi ng nh cc ph n t m hnh bt k khc. 39
Chng IV
Chng IV. To m hnh 3D
40
Chng IV
B n s th y d dng l t o ra cc m hnh 3D trong SketchUp. Mc d, b n c th ngh r ng b n ch c n m i vi c v c nh th s t o ra m t m hnh 3D, l khng ng s tht - SketchUp ho t ng m t cch r t thng minh cung cp cho bn cc kh nng 3D. Tt c b n c n lm l v m t b mt 2D ( v nh r ng, cc b mt nh v y c th n m trong bt k mt phng no ). Sau , bn s d ng m t trong cc cng c 3D c a SketchUp, nh cng c Push/Pull, ko n t o thnh m hnh 3D. V d, khi b n ko m t m t hnh ch nht th n s tr thnh m t kh i lp ph ng. Cng c Push/Pull ho t ng trn bt k b mt mi n l n n m trong m t mt ph ng, v l cng c 3D chnh trong SketchUp. Cng c ny cho php b n y, ko cc b mt thnh m hnh 3D m t cch kh n t ng. Nh ng cc cng c khc trong SketchUp c kh nng 3D tt, nh cng c Move, m chng ta s tm hi u y. Tt nhin, b n c th s d ng cng c Move di chuy n i t ng i xung quanh. Nh ng khi, u tin b n s d ng cng c Select ch n m t c nh ca m t b mt ca hnh lp phng, sau b n s d ng cng c Move ko cnh ra th cc b mt lin quan n c nh c ko ra theo, trong khi cc b mt vn ang c neo trn cc c nh i di n. Chng ta s tm hiu c hai cng c Push/Pull v Move trong chng ny, cng v i m t s cng c ph tr, nh cng c Select v cng c xa Eraser. Hy bt u ngay l p t c v i cc cng c Push/Pull.
Ko i tng thnh m hnh 3D bng lnh Push/Pull- lnh tt l P.

B n c n bt u v i m t hnh h c c b n ho c cc b mt. i v i chng ny chng ta s s dng m t hnh n gi n l m t hnh ch nht th hi n. S dng cng c Rectangle t o ra m t hnh ch nht t ng t nh nh ng g b n nhn th y trong Hnh 4.1.
Hnh 4.1: Mt hnh ch nht By gi, nh ng g b n thc s mu n l t o m t kh i lp phng t vic bi n i m t hnh ch nht, lm iu chng ta s s dng cng c Push/Pull nh trong hnh 4.2. Khi b n s d ng cng c Push/Pull ( xem trong hnh 4.2), b n thc s ko m t hnh ch nht thnh m t hnh 3D. Cng c ny l cng c tr ng tm m SketchUp cung c p cho b n, v n tht s l cng c quan tr ng tm hiu. y l cch s dng cng c Push/Pull t o thnh m hnh 3D trong SketchUp. 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp v xa i hnh ng i xut hi n trong m u Engineering Feet. 41
Chng IV 2. V m t hnh. Cng c Push/Pull
Hnh 4.2: Cng c Push/Pull v hnh lp phng kt qu 3. Nhp vo cng c Push/Pull trong thanh cng c ( th hi n trong hnh 4.2). 4. Di chuy n con tr chu t t i b mt b n mu n ko ho c y thnh m hnh 3D. Lu r ng cc b mt ph i ph ng. 5. Nh n nt chu t trn b mt v ko b mt theo h ng m b n mu n ko di n thnh m hnh 3D. MO: y hoc ko cc b mt Lu rng bn ch c th y, ko cc b mt vung gc vi bn thn chng. Khi b n ko chu t, b mt ko thnh m hnh 3D. Cc mt bn ca m hnh 3D m i c xc nh b i cc cc c nh ca hnh 2D. 6. Nh n chu t. i t ng ny s tr thnh m hnh 3D, b n c th th y nh trong hnh 4.2. Nh b n c th nhn th y, ko m t hnh ph ng thnh m t m hnh 3D l m t trong nh ng tnh n ng tuyt v i trong SketchUp.
y i tng thnh m hnh 3D

Trong ph n trc, b n th y r ng b n c th ko m t hnh ch nht ng t do thnh m t m hnh 3D. Nh ng by gi hy xem trong hnh 4.3. B n c th ko hnh trn trn b mt thnh m t hnh tr trn khng? C, b n c th. Trong thc t , by gi b n c hai l a ch n. B i hnh trn c g n vo m t b mt ca m hnh 3D hi n c, nn b n c th ch n ch ko hnh trn ra kh i kh i lp phng, ho c b n ch c th y hnh trn vo trong kh i lp phng. y l cch thc hi n: 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp v xa i hnh ng i xut hi n trong m u Engineering Feet . 2. V kh i lp phng nh trong hnh 4.3. 3. V m t vng trn ln trn b mt kh i lp ph ng b ng cch s d ng cng c Circle, nh trong Hnh 4.3. 4. Nhp vo cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c. 5. Di chuy n con tr chut n hnh trn v nh n chu t tri. 6. Ko vng trn ra ngoi kh i l p ph ng ko n thnh m t hnh 3D, ho c y n vo trong kh i lp ph ng y n thnh hnh 3D. B n c th xem vng trn khi c ko trong hnh 4.4 v khi c y vo trong kh i lp ph ng nh trong hnh 4.5.
42
Chng IV
Hnh 4.3: Mt hnh lp ph ng v i m t hnh trn trn b mt
Hnh 4.4: Ko m t hnh trn thnh m t hnh tr
Hnh 4.5: y m t hnh tr vo trong m t kh i lp phng 7. Nh chu t. Hnh tr trn ny s tr thnh hnh 3D. Ch : Khi bn ko Pull s to ra mt hnh 3D mi cn khi b n y Push th to ra mt l rng vo trong i tng cha n. 43
Chng IV
S dng cng c Push/Pull vi s liu cho trc

Nu b n mu n y ho c ko m t i t ng khi t o n thnh m hnh 3D n s c chiu di chnh xc l 5 m? Ngha l, gi s b n c m t vng trn trn m t b mt ca m t kh i lp ph ng (xem hnh 3.3), v b n mu n ko vng trn thnh m t hnh tr c chiu di chnh xc 5 m, b n c th lm iu ? C. Gi ng nh hu ht cc cng c khc ca SketchUp, b n c th d ng l nh gi a ch ng v nhp cho n m t s liu bt k . y l cch n ho t ng khi b n ang y ho c ko i t ng thnh hnh 3D - trong v d ny, chng ta s ko m t hnh tr ra ngoi kh i lp ph ng v n c chiu di l 5 m. 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp v xa i hnh ng i xut hi n trong m u Engineering Feet . 2. V m t kh i lp phng v i m t vng trn trn b mt. 3. Nhp vo cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c. 4. Di chuy n con tr chut n hnh trn v nh n chu t. 5. Ko vng trn ra ngoi kh i lp phng ko n thnh m t hnh 3D, ho c y n vo trong kh i lp phng y n thnh hnh 3D. 6. Nhp chiu di cho i t ng 3D m bn ang to. Trong v d ny, chng ta s t o ra m t hnh tr di 5 m. Nhp chiu di v sau l cc n v. B n c th s dng cc n v sau: - Chiu di cm biu th n v l cm - Chiu di m biu th n v l mt - Chiu di ' biu th n v l feet - Chiu di " biu th n v l inch V d, nhp 5m th chiu di ca hnh 3D ang to l n m mt, 5 " c ngha chi u di ca hnh 3D ang to l n m inch. B n nh p b ng cch nh n phm c s 5 v phm c ch m . Vic nhp n v ph thuc vo n v ca b n v c thit lp ban u. V d b n ch n mu Engineering Feet th n v l feet, cn ch n Engineering meters th n v l mt... 7. Nh n Enter. SketchUp t o thnh m t hnh 3D c chiu di chnh xc v i nh ng g b n yu cu. Xem hnh 4.6.
Hnh 4.6: Mt hnh tr c kch thc cho trc
44
Chng IV
Suy lu n vi cng c Push/Pull

Gi s b n c m t hnh lp phng c trc v by gi b n mu n v hnh l p phng th hai c chiu cao tng t nh hnh th nht, nhng b n l i khng bit r chi u cao ca hnh th nht nn b n ch c th v c nh trong hnh 4.7. V y SketchUp c th gip b n lm hai hnh lp phng c cng m t chiu cao?
Hnh 4.7: Hai hnh lp phng C, n c th b ng cch thng qua suy lu n. B i v y l tr ng h p rt ph bi n khi b n t o nhiu m hnh v b n mu n chng c cng m t s kch thc gi ng nhau ( V d, ging nh v cc chn c a ci bn), SketchUp cho php b n thit lp di ca m t i tng b ng cch tham kho t m t i t ng khc c di m b n mu n. Qu trnh ny c g i l suy lu n ( Xem chng 1 ph n c nh suy lu n). Khi v cc i t ng 3D, b n c th suy ra chi u di t i t ng ny sang i t ng khc, lm cho i t ng u tin c chiu di ph hp v i i t ng th hai. y l cch n ho t ng trong v d ca hai kh i lp phng hnh 4.7. 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp v xa i hnh ng i xut hi n trong m u Engineering Feet . 2. V hai hnh ch nht trong mt phng x - y. 3. Nhp vo cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c. 4. Ko cc hnh ch nht thnh cc kh i lp phng c cao khc nhau, nh trong Hnh 4.7. 5. V i cng c Push/Pull, hy nhp vo b mt trn cng ca m t trong hai kh i lp phng. 6. Di chuy n chu t ln b mt trn cng ca kh i lp ph ng cn l i. M t ng nt t mu xanh ko di t b mt ca kh i lp phng u tin t i b mt kh i lp phng suy lu n, nh th hi n trong hnh 4.8, v kh i lp ph ng u tin ( i tng c b mt m b n kch u tin - bc 5) s c chiu cao tng ng v i chiu cao ca kh i lp ph ng th hai (i tng m b n ang mu n suy lu n chiu cao t n), gi ng nh b n c th th y trong hnh 4.8. V nhp chu t. Ch : B n c th thay i di ca mt i tng 3D c sn bng cng c Push/Pull .
45
Chng IV
Hnh 4.8: To hai kh i lp phng c chiu cao bng nhau.
T o l m
Mt tnh n ng tuyt v i khc m b n s mu n t n d ng n trong SketchUp , l s dng cng c Push/Pull " ct " hay t o ra cc l m trong m hnh 3D. Gi s b n ch c n v m t hnh ch nht r i t o ra m t bc t ng. V d, xem bc t ng trong hnh 4.9. By gi l yu cu b n t o ra m t ca s trn bc t ng . Lm th no b n c th lm iu ?
Hnh 4.9: Mt bc tng 3D Cng c Push/Pull c m t c tnh c bit, l b n c th ct cc i t ng ra kh i i tng 3D c . y l cch n thc hi n: 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp v xa i hnh ng i xut hi n trong m u Engineering Feet . 2. V bc t ng dng 3D, ch ng h n nh b n th y hnh 4.9. 3. V hnh d ng 2D ca ca s m b n mu n t o n trn t ng. B n c th s dng m t hnh ch nht, nh th hi n trong hnh 4.10. 4. Nhp vo cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c. 5. y hnh ca s xuyn qua bc t ng v pha mt bn kia. Ph n b n y bi n mt, l i l m, nh b n c th th y trong hnh 4.11. 46
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Hnh 4.10: Mt bc tng 3D v i m t hnh ch nht .
Hnh 4.11: Mt bc tng 3D v i m t ca s
Xa cc cnh vi cng c xa Eraser, lnh tt E

B n c th s d ng cng c Eraser xa cnh, v n c th gip b n rt nhi u trong qu trnh t o cc m hnh 3D. V d, hy xem m t hnh kh i lp phng trong hnh 4.12. Gi s b n mu n y hnh ch nht m b n nhn th y, xuyn qua hnh kh i t i mt bn kia t o ra m t l m, nh ng SketchUp s khng cho php b n ct b n ra t o ra l m. C g sai? V, lm th no b n c th sa cha n? tr l i cu h i trn chng ta s s d ng cng c Orbit ( tham kho chng 1) v cng c Eraser ( c gi i thiu qua trong ch ng 3). V thc hi n theo cc b c sau gi i quyt v n th ng x y ra nht khi ct hnh t o l m. 1. Nhp vo cng c Orbit trn thanh cng c. 2. Di chuy n theo qu o xung quanh t t c cc b mt ca i t ng 3D m b n ang c gng y hnh ch nht t o m t l m xuyn qua. 47
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Hnh 4.12: Mt kh i 3D v i m t hnh ch nh t trn 3. Tm ki m c nh ngn c n SketchUp khng cho n y t o l m xuyn qua c nh c. Trong trng hp ca i tng trong hnh 4.12, khi quay ra ng sau n (mt i di n v i mt c hnh ch nht) b n th y r ng c m t cnh c v ln trn mt sau ca i tng, nh b n c th th y trong hnh 4.13. iu ny c nh s ng ng SketchUp vic y m t l m xuyn qua i tng. 4. xa cc cnh khng mong mu n, ch n cng c Eraser trn thanh cng c. MO: Cng c Eraser l ch dng xa cc cnh Trong SketchUp, bn ch c th dng cng c Eraser xa cc cnh. Nhng n u bn mun xa mt b mt, rt d dng, ch cn xa tt c cc cnh ca b mt . 5. Nhp vo cnh mu n xa. Khi b n lm th, cnh s bi n mt. 6. y hnh ch nht xuyn qua i t ng 3D t i mt bn khc i di n b ng cng c Push/Pull. Ph n b n y bi n mt, l i m t l b ct , nh b n c th th y trong hnh 4.14.
Hnh 4.13: Mt sau ca kh i 3D, th y c m t cnh gy c n tr khi y
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Hnh 4.14: Hnh kh i 3D v i l b ct
Chn nhiu cnh v nhiu b mt bng cng c Select

Bit cch lm th no ch n c nhiu c nh, nhiu b mt, v nhiu i t ng l quan tr ng i v i nhiu hnh ng trong SketchUp, b i v b n th ng ph i ch cho SketchUp cc i t ng m mu n n tc ng t i chng. V d, khi b n mu n copy m t i t ng, b n bt u b ng cch ch n cc i t ng c n c n copy. Khi b n mu n s d ng cng c Move ko ra m t cnh m t i t ng 3D, bn bt u cng vic b ng cch ch n cnh. Khi b n ch n m t i t ng, SketchUp hi n th la ch n c a b n b ng th hi n cc cnh c a n trong mt mu h i khc so v i trc, v cc b mt xut hi n cc du ch m r i rc theo dng l i. Sau khi b n ch n m t i t ng, b n c th s d ng i tng nh l mc tiu ca cc hnh ng tip theo c a b n, nh chng ta s th y sau y. V d, nu b n c ba ci h p v mu n copy m t trong ba ci h p, b n s bt u b ng cch ch n ci h p m b n mu n copy, v sau l la ch n l nh Copy trn n Edit copy i tng, nh chng ta s th y trong chng ny. La ch n cc b mt v cc c nh l rt d dng. Ch c n nhp vo cng c Select trn thanh cng c c b n ca SketchUp ( nh l i cng c Select c biu t ng l m t hnh mi tn, v l cng c u tin bn tri trn thanh cng c c b n), v nhp vo cc b mt ho c cc c nh m b n mu n ch n. Khi b n ch n m t b mt, SketchUp s ph y b mt v i cc d u ch m mu xanh da tr i dng l i. Khi b n ch n m t cnh, SketchUp s hi n th mu s c n thnh mu xanh da tr i. La ch n ton b m t i t ng cng rt d dng, b i v cc cng c Select cho php b n v hnh ch nht la ch n t ng. Ch c n nh n chu t tri ra bn ngoi i tng v ko chut ct ngang qua i t ng v m t hnh ch nht la ch n ( sao cho i tng ph i n m g n trong lng hnh ch nht l a ch n), nh b n th y trong hnh 4.15. Khi b n th chu t, ton b i t ng s c la ch n ( v b n c th s d ng cc lnh trn trnh n Edit copy, di chuy n n... ), c ngha l tt c cc b mt s b ch m mu xanh da tr i, v cc c nh ca n s c t mu xanh da tr i. By gi chng ta bit lm th no ch n cc cnh, b mt, v cc i t ng. Hy bt u ng dng nh ng ki n thc ny trong cc ph n tip theo. 49
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Hnh 4.15: V m t hnh ch nht la ch n
Copy cc i tng
B n s th ng mu n copy cc chi tit khc nhau trong SketchUp. V d , chng ta s dng m t m hnh ci bn ( xem ph n tip theo trong chng ny) b ng cch t o ra m t ci chn bn v sau copy t o ra cc chn khc. Copy cc i t ng m bo cho b n c cc b n sao chnh xc khi c m t b n sao chnh xc l r t quan tr ng, nh khi b n ang lm cc chn bn trong thc t . C th copy cc i t ng l m t k n ng c n thit trong SketchUp, do , y l cch b n lm iu . Trong tr ng hp ny, chng ta s t o ra m t bn sao ca kh i lp ph ng n gi n. 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp v xa i hnh ng i xut hi n trong m u Engineering Feet . 2. V m t hnh ch nht n m ngang. 3. Nhp vo cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c. 4. Di chuy n con tr chut n hnh ch nht v nh n chu t trn hnh ch nht. 5. Nh n nt chut vo hnh ch nht v ko hnh ch nht ln ko gin n thnh m t kh i lp ph ng 3D, nh trong hnh 4.16.
Hnh 4.16: V mt kh i lp phng 6. Nhp vo cng c Select trn thanh cng c. 50
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7. Ch n kh i lp ph ng b ng cch nh n nt chut bn ngoi n v ko qua kh i lp phng, m t hnh ch nht la ch n xu t hi n. By gi b n ch n c i t ng m b n mu n copy. 8. Ch n mc Copy trn trnh n Edit l nh t t l Ctrl + C. 9. Ch n mc Paste trn trnh n Edit l nh t t l Ctrl + V. Khi b n th c hi n, m t b n sao ca i t ng s xut hi n v tr ca con tr chu t. Di chuy n con tr chu t di chuy n b n sao ca i t ng. 10. Di chuy n con tr chut n v tr m b n mu n t b n sao ca i t ng. 11. Click chu t. Bn sao ca i t ng s xut hi n v tr b n nhp chu t v n s ng ng di chuy n xung quanh theo con tr chut. Bn c th xem m t v d trong 4.17 hnh, n i m chng ta sao chp kh i lp ph ng.
Hnh 4.17: Copy m t kh i lp phng
Di chuyn cc cnh v b mt bng cng c Move- lnh tt M.

B n c th s dng cng c Move ko cc cnh trong 3D. Hy nhn vo cc kh i lp phng trong hnh 4.18.
Hnh 4.18: Mt kh i lp phng Nu b n mu n v m t ng d c n i vo , ch ng h n nh b n th y trong hnh 4.19. 51
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B n c th d dng chuy n i kh i l p ph ng trong hnh 4.18 thnh ng dc nh trong trong hnh 5,19 b ng cch s d ng cng c Move, b n c th s d ng n n m l y cc c nh v ko chng trong 3D ( Cng c Push/Pull ch cho php b n y ho c ko cc b mt). y l cch n ho t ng, trong v d ny, chng ta s chuy n i m t kh i lp ph ng thnh m t o n ng d c. Cng c Move
Hnh 4.19: Mt ng d c t o b i cng c Move 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp v xa i hnh ng i xut hi n trong m u Engineering Feet . 2. V m t hnh ch nht n m ngang. 3. Nhp vo cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c v di chuy n con tr chut t i hnh ch nht. 4. Nh n nt chut vo hnh ch nht v ko hnh ch nht ln ko gin n thnh m t kh i lp ph ng 3D, nh trong hnh 4.18. 5. Ch n cng c Move trn thanh cng c ( nh trong hnh 4.19 ). 6. Nh n nt chu t vo cnh d i bn ph i c a kh i lp phng. 7. Ko cnh ra pha ngoi kh i lp ph ng t o thnh ng d c. Khi b n ko, o n ng d c s ko gin t hnh kh i. 8. Nhp chu t t i v tr b n mu n n o n cu i c a ng d c. Khi , o n ng ny tr thnh c nh (tr khi b n xa n ), nh trong hnh 4.19. l cch s d ng cng c Move trong 3D. S dng cng c ny, b n c th ko cc c nh, khng ph i b mt, nh trong tr ng hp lm m t o n ng d c t m t kh i lp ph ng. Nh tn g i ca n, bn cng c th s d ng cng c Move di chuy n cc i t ng ring l i xung quanh. n gi n ch c n s d ng cng c Select ch n i t ng, v sau di chuy n i t ng t i v tr khc b ng cng c Move.
V m hnh 3D b ng cch loi b i cc chi tit tha

B n th ng v cc i t ng 3D b ng cch lo i b i cc chi tit tha. th hi n tnh nng ny, chng ta s rt v m t ci bn gi ng nh ci bn b n nhn th y trong hnh 4.20.
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Hnh 4.20: M hnh ci bn 3D Lm th no c t o ra c ci bn? y l cch thc hi n: 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp v xa i hnh ng i xut hi n trong m u Engineering Feet . 2. V m t hnh ch nht n m ngang. 3. Nhp vo cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c v di chuy n con tr chut t i hnh ch nht. 4. Nh n nt chut vo hnh ch nht v ko hnh ch nht ln ko gin n thnh m t kh i lp ph ng 3D. 5. Ch n cng c Rectangle trn thanh cng c . 6. V m t hnh ch nht ln trn kh i lp phng nh trong hnh 4.21.
Hnh 4.21: V hnh ch nht ln trn kh i lp phng

7. Ch n cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c .
8. y hnh ch nht Xuyn qua hnh kh i cho n khi ch m t i b mt i di n. 9. Ch n cng c Rectangle trn thanh cng c. 10. V m t hnh ch nht trn m t b mt tip gip v i mt u tin m b n v trn kh i lp phng m t hnh ch nht. V hnh ch nht ny khi y n s cho b n hai chn c a bn. 11. Ch n cng c Push / Pull trn thanh cng c . 12. y hnh ch nht cho n khi b n nh n c hai ci chn bn. B n c th xem 53
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Hnh 4.22: y t o ra hai ci chn bn 13. Ch n cng c Rectangle trn thanh cng c . 14. V m t hnh ch nht trn b mt thng ng cn l i ca kh i l p ph ng. V hnh ch nht ny y n s cho b n hai chn bn cu i cng. 15. Ch n cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c. 16. y hnh ch nht cho n khi b n nh n c hai ci chn bn cu i cng. iu t o ra ci bn nh trong hnh 4.20.
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Chng V. To Component v nhm
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Trong phn ny, chng ta s s dng cc hnh d ng chng ta v trong nhng bi hc trc v bt u tp hp chng thnh cc nhm hoc cc thnh ph n cho chng ta tc ng ln tt c chng cng vi nhau. V d, gi s r ng b n v m t chic xe v i t t c cc b mt b n cu thnh nn n. Nh ng sau b n th y r ng khi b n mu n di chuy n ho c copy, xoay ho c th m ch tng kch c ca cc m hnh, b n ph i ch n t t c cc b mt ring r ca n cho chng ta tc ng ln t t c chng cng v i nhau. N s khng c d dng h n cho SketchUp hiu r ng n c ngha v ph i xem xt t t c cc b mt ca chic xe l ging nh m t t hp, v p d ng t t c cc hnh ng ln trn t t c cc b mt trong t hp cng m t lc? l nh ng g m nhm-Group v cc thnh ph n-Component s lm c t t cc vic trn. Khi b n c cc hnh ho c cc i t ng v t p hp chng l i thnh m t nhmGroup hay m t thnh ph n-Componet , b n c th s d ng t p hp cc hnh d ng, cc i tng nh m t i t ng, sao chp t t c cng mt lc, ho c di chuy n, xoay n. Ch : C g khc bi t gia cc Group v Component ? Khi bn chnh sa mt Component , tt c cc bn sao ca Component s c chnh sa cng nhau, nhng n l i khng ng vi trng hp Group.
S dng phng thc dnh hnh

Chng ta s bt u chng ny v i m t tho lun v cch x l th s ban u mc nh ca SketchUp v vi c t p hp cc i t ng, s d ng m t phng thc c tn g i l dnh hnh. Khi b n mang l i hai i tng n bn c nh nhau, h c th " bm cht vo nhau " v tr thnh m t i t ng. l m t ph n c a mt hnh thi th s trong vic t o ra cc nhm trong SketchUp. B i v dnh hnh l m t ph n chc nng ca SketchUp, v b i v n l t t c cc i tng lin kt vo m t, chng ta s tm hi u phng thc dn hnh y. c c m t khi ni m v cch thc ho t ng nh th no ca phng thc dnh hnh, thc hi n theo cc b c sau: 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp v xa i hnh ng i xut hi n trong m u Engineering Feet . 2. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp . 3. Ch n cng c Rectangle. 4. V m t hnh ch nht n m ngang. 5. Ch n cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c. 6. Ko hnh ch nht ln thnh m t kh i lp ph ng. 7. T o m t kh i lp ph ng th hai, cng gi ng nh cch b n lm v i kh i lp ph ng u tin. 8. Ch n cng c Select trn thanh cng c. 9. V m t hnh ch nht la ch n bao quanh kh i lp ph ng th hai. 10. Ch n cng c Move trn thanh cng c . Kch vo m t nh trn kh i lp phng th 2. 11. Di chuy n kh i lp ph ng cho n khi im ch m vo cnh ho c m t nh ca kh i lp ph ng u tin. Kch chu t. 12. Ch n cng c Select trn thanh cng c. 13. V m t hnh ch nht la ch n bao quanh kh i lp ph ng th hai. 15. Di chuy n kh i lp ph ng th hai. Nu SketchUp lin kt cc kh i lp phng t ng thng qua phng thc dnh hnh, b n s th y r ng di chuy n cc kh i th hai cng ko theo kh i th nht, nh b n th y trong hnh 5.1. 56
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Hnh 5.1: Hai kh i lp phng g n v i nhau b i dnh hnh l phng thc dnh hnh, n cho php b n lin k t cc i t ng b ng cch t chng bn c nh nhau. Mt khc, dnh hnh c th khng thch hp v i b n, v b n c th mu n c m t cch h th ng h n trong vi c t o cc Group v cc Component. V l do , tip t c tm hiu nh ng ph n tip theo.
To mt nhm- Group
Trong ph n ny, chng ta s xem xt qu trnh t o ra m t nhm Group. Khi b n t o m t nhm, b n lin hp cc i t ng v i nhau, v ni v i SketchUp b n mu n x l t t c chng v i nhau. V nh v y, b n c th di chuy n chng cng nhau, xoay chng cng nhau, tng hay gi m kch c chng cng nhau. y chng ta s t o mt nhm t m t kh i lp ph ng v m t hnh tr . y l cch thc hi n: 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp v xa i hnh ng i xut hi n trong m u Engineering Feet . 2. Ch n cng c Rectangle v v m t hnh ch nht n m ngang. 3. Ch n cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c v sau ko hnh ch nht thnh m t kh i lp ph ng. 4. Ch n cng c Circle v v m t vng trn bn c nh kh i lp phng, nh th hi n trong hnh 5.2. 5. Ch n cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c, v sau ko hnh trn thnh hnh tr, nh th hi n trong hnh 5.3.
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Hnh 5.2: Mt kh i lp phng v i m t hnh trn
Hnh 5.3: Mt hnh tr m i 6. Ch n cng c Select , v sau , trong khi gi nt chu t tri, v m t hnh ch nht la ch n bao quanh c kh i lp ph ng v hnh tr . 7. Ch n m c Make Group t trnh n Edit ho c t menu xut hi n khi kch chu t ph i. iu ny t o ra m t nhm g m kh i lp phng v hnh tr . V khi nhm c ch n SketchUp s hi n th m t hnh h p mu xanh xung quanh n, nh th hi n trong hnh 5.4. Ch : Nhm v hp mu xanh l cy Nhm thng khng hin th vi mt hp mu xanh xung quanh n, h p mu xanh ch xut hin cho bit rng nhm c chn. ch ng minh by gi nhm ny ho t ng nh l m t i tng duy nht, chng ta s di chuy n n xung quanh mn hnh. 1. Ch n cng c Move trn thanh cng c. 2. Di chuy n nhm t i m t v tr m i, nh th hin trong hnh 5.5. 3. Khi b n di chuy n nhm, c hai i t ng t o nn nhm u di chuy n ng lo t, coi nh l m t i t ng duy nht.
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Hnh 5.4: Mt nhm m i
Hnh 5.5: Di chuy n nhm
Ch nh sa nhm-Group
Bn cng c th chnh s a cc ph n ring bit ca m t nhm trong SketchUp ( chnh sa cc i tng cu thnh nn Group). Trong ph n ny, chng ta s t o ra m t nhm t hai i t ng ging nh hai i tng chng ta th y trong cc ph n trc, m t kh i lp phng v m t tr trn. y l cch thc hi n: 1. Kch chu t ph i ln nhm va c t o thnh phn trc. 2. Ch n mc Edit Group t menu m i xut hi n. iu ny s xut hi n m t hnh hp c ng nt ch m bao quanh nhm, nh th hi n trong hnh 5.6. 3. Ch n cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c. 4. Di chu t ln trn b mt trn cng ca kh i lp phng r i kch chu t tri. 5. Di chu t ln trn b mt trn cng ca hnh tr cho n khi xut hi n mt ng nt t n i hai b mt th nh n chut. Khi chi u cao ca kh i lp phng s ko b ng chiu cao ca hnh tr , nh b n th y trong hnh 5.7. y l suy lu n chi u cao ca kh i lp phng b ng cng c Push/Pull ( xem chng 4). 6. Nh n phm Space ho c ch n cng c Select v kch chu t ra bn ngoi nhm ang chnh s a. 7. Hp c ng nt ch m bao xung quanh nhm s bi n mt. 59
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Hnh 5.6: Mt nhm ang c chnh sa
Hnh 5.7: Mt nhm chnh sa xong
To Component lnh tt G.
Trong ph n ny, chng ta s t o ra m t componet t hai i t ng ging nh hai i tng trong phn trc (phn t o nhm), m t kh i lp phng v m t hnh tr . y l cch thc hi n: 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp v xa i hnh ng i xut hi n trong m u Engineering Feet . 2. Ch n cng c Rectangle v v m t hnh ch nht n m ngang. 3. Ch n cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c v sau ko hnh ch nht thnh m t kh i lp ph ng. 4. Ch n cng c Circle v v m t vng trn bn cnh kh i lp phng. 5. Ch n cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c, v sau ko hnh trn thnh hnh tr. 6. Ch n cng c Select , v sau , trong khi gi nt chu t tri, v m t hnh ch nht la ch n bao quanh c kh i lp ph ng v hnh tr . 7. Ch n mc Make Component t trnh n Edit ho c t menu xut hi n khi kch chu t ph i. SketchUp s hi n th m t h p tho i nh b n th y trong hnh 5.8. 60
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Hnh 5.8: H p tho i Create Component 8. Nhp Cube Cylinder Component trong h p Name. y l tn ca Componet ang to, bn thch tn no th t nhng nn t cho n m t ci tn ph hp. 9. Nh p A cube with a cylinder trong h p Description . m t v Component ang to, khng bt bu c ph i nhp. 10. Nhp vo nt Create. H p tho i s bi n m t v m t h p la ch n mu xanh bao quanh component m i ca b n, ging nh khi t o nhm trong ph n trc ( xem hnh 5.4). ch ng minh by gi componet ny ho t ng nh l mt i tng duy nht, chng ta s di chuy n n xung quanh mn hnh. 1. Ch n cng c Move trn thanh cng c. 2. Di chuy n component t i m t v tr mi, nh th hi n trong hnh 5.9. 3. Khi b n di chuy n component, c hai i tng t o nn component u di chuy n ng lo t, coi nh l mt i tng duy nht.
Hnh 5.9: Di chuy n component By gi b n t o c m t component n u tin ca b n. Trong ph n trc, b n t o c m t nhm u tin ca b n. S khc bit gia chng l g? Xem ph n ti p theo.
Ch nh sa Component
Bn cng c th chnh sa cc ph n ring bit ca m t component trong SketchUp ( chnh sa cc i t ng cu thnh nn compoent). Trong ph n ny, chng ta s t o ra m t component t hai i t ng ging nh hai i tng chng ta th y trong cc ph n trc, m t kh i lp phng v m t tr trn. y l cch thc hi n: 1. Kch chu t ph i ln component c tn l Cube and Cylinder component m chng ta to phn trc. 2. Ch n mc Edit Componet t menu m i xu t hi n. iu ny s xut hi n m t hnh 61
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hp c ng nt ch m bao quanh component, nh th hi n trong hnh 5.10.
Hnh 5.10: Mt component ang c chnh s a 3. Ch n cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c. 4. Di chu t ln trn b mt trn cng ca kh i lp phng r i kch chu t tri. 5. Di chu t ln trn b mt trn cng ca hnh tr cho n khi xut hi n mt ng nt t n i hai b mt th nh n chu t. Khi chi u cao ca kh i lp phng s ko b ng chiu cao ca hnh tr , nh b n th y trong hnh 5.11. y l suy lu n chiu cao ca kh i lp phng b ng cng c Push/Pull ( xem chng 4). 6. Nh n phm Space ho c ch n cng c Select v kch chu t ra bn ngoi component ang chnh s a. 7. Hp c ng nt ch m bao xung quanh component s bi n mt.
Hnh 5.11: Mt component chnh s a xong V y , by gi b n bit cch lm th no chnh sa cc i tng ring r trong m t component.
Hiu v s khc nhau gi a nhm-Group v component
By gi b n hiu r v nhm v component. V y s khc bit gia chng l g? S khc bit l cc component c tnh rng bu c, trong SketchUp cc b n sao ca componet g n li n v i b n g c. Nh v y, nu bn t o mt bn sao ca m t component v chnh sa n, th c hai b n sao v b n g c s b nh h ng, nhng vi trng hp l nhm th khng ng . 62
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Khi b n t o m t bn sao ca m t nhm -Group, th b n sao hon ton c lp v i g c ban u. iu c ngha rng nu b n chnh s a m t nhm, khng c b n sao ca nhm s b nh h ng. Chng ta hy xem cch cc component thay i th no khi b n chnh sa m t trong s chng, nhm cc component gi ng nhau: 1. Bt u SketchUp. 2. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp . 3. S dng cng c Select trn thanh cng c . 4. Kch vo component c tn Cube and Cylinder component m chng ta to phn trc. Khi component c ch n, xut hi n m t h p mu xanh da tr i bao quanh n. By gi chng ta s t o m t b n sao ca component ny. 5. Ch n mc Copy trn trnh n Edit ho c nh n t hp phm t t Ctrl+C. 5. Ch n mc Paste trn trnh n Edit ho c nh n t hp phm t t Ctrl+V. 7. Di chuy n chu t n v tr m b n mu n t bn sao ca component. 8. Click chu t t o m t b n sao ca component. By gi b n c m t bn g c v m t b n sao ca component trn mn hnh. 9. Kch chu t ph i vo m t trong hai component trn ( b n g c ho c bn sao). 10. La ch n Edit Component t menu m i xut hi n. M t h p c ng nt ch m xut hin bao quanh component c ch n, nh trong hnh 5.12.
Hnh 5.12: Mt component chu n b chnh s a
Hnh 5.13: Chnh s a m t component th component cn li cng thay i theo 11. Ch n cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c. 63
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12. Ko hnh tr ln t i m t chiu cao l n h n. Khi b n ko hnh tr trong component ang c chnh sa, hnh tr trong component cn l i s thay i tng ng theo cho ph hp, nh trong hnh 5.13. 13. Nh n phm Space ho c ch n cng c Select v kch chu t ra bn ngoi component ang chnh s a. 14. Hp c ng nt ch m bao xung quanh component s bi n mt.
Ph v mt Component, Group
B n c th " ph v " cc i t ng trong component ho c m t nhm-Group chng khng cn t o nn m t component ho c m t nhm na? C, bn c th. Ch c n lm theo cc b c sau t o ra m t component ho c m t nhm v sau ph v n tr li thnh cc i tng ban u. 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp v xa i hnh ng i xut hi n trong m u Engineering Feet . 2. Ch n cng c Rectangle v v m t hnh ch nht n m ngang. 3. Ch n cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c v sau ko hnh ch nht thnh m t kh i lp ph ng. 4. Ch n cng c Circle v v m t vng trn bn cnh kh i lp phng. 5. Ch n cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c, v sau ko hnh trn thnh hnh tr. 6. Ch n cng c Select , v sau , trong khi gi nt chu t tri, v m t hnh ch nht la ch n bao quanh c kh i lp ph ng v hnh tr . 7. Ch n mc Make Component t trnh n Edit ho c t menu xut hi n khi kch chu t ph i. SketchUp s hi n th m t h p tho i v b n thc hin cc bc t o thnh m t componet. Ho c ch n mc Make Group t o thnh m t nhm. Mt h p la ch n mu xanh da tr i bao quanh xung quanh component m i ho c nhm m i va t o ra. Bc tip theo l ph v n tr l i thnh hai kh i ring bit ( Kh i lp phng v hnh tr ). 8. Trong khi component ho c nhm ca b n ang c ch n ( c m t h p mu xanh da tr i xung quanh n), nhp chu t ph i vo chng. M t menu ng c nh xut hi n. 9. Ch n Explode t menu ng c nh. H p la ch n mu xanh da tr i xung quanh component ho c nhm bi n mt, v hai kh i khng cn l m t component ho c m t nhm na.
Qun l cc Component
SketchUp cn c m t ti n ch qu n l cc component c a b n, v chng ta s xem xt n trong ph n ny.
Hnh 5.14: H p tho i components 64
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1. Bt u SketchUp. i v i ph n ny, chng ta s lm vi c v i m u Engineering Feet m chng ta c s dng trong cc phn trc trc . 2. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp . 3. Ch n mc Components trn menu Window. iu ny s m h p tho i Components b n nhn th y trong hnh 5.14. ( Bn h y s d ng chu t phng to h p tho i Components, ko m t gc, lm cho cc n i dung trong h p tho i r rng h n ). 4. xem cc component b n c trong Model hi n t i, nhp chu t vo nt c biu tng mi tn h ng xu ng c nh nt c biu t ng ngi nh trong tab Select , v ch n m c In Model trn memu ng c nh xut hi n. iu ny s hi n th ra trang m b n th y trong hnh 5.15.
Hnh 5.15: Component hi n t i c trong model B i v ch c duy nht m t component trong Model hi n t i l hnh ng i m SketchUp cho th y ngay khi kh i ng chng trnh, l component duy nht( tn l Susan trong SketchUp 8) s xu t hi n trong h p tho i khi b n yu cu xem t t c cc component trong Model hi n t i. 5. chn cc component xu t hi n trong h p tho i trn, b n b m vo component . Lm nh v y th component b n ch n s xut hi n ngay v tr c a con tr chut khi b n di chuy n chu t ra kh i h p tho i vo trong khng gian lm vi c ca SketchUp. 6. t cc component ch n trong model ca b n, ch c n di chuy n chu t n v tr m b n mu n cc component xu t hi n, v nhp vo n. Component s neo vo v tr nhp chu t.
S dng Component Sampler ( mu component c sn)

SketchUp cng c sn cc mu (Sampler) component c xy d ng s n b n s dng. y l cch n ho t ng: 1. Bt u SketchUp. i v i ph n ny, chng ta s lm vi c v i m u Engineering Feet m chng ta c s dng trong cc ph n trc trc . 2. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp . 3. Ch n mc Components trn menu Window. iu ny s m h p tho i Components. Theo mc nh, b n s th y trang Component Sampler. Click vo n m n, nh th hi n trong hnh 5.16. ( Nu b n khng th y trang Component Sampler, nhp chu t vo nt c biu t ng mi tn h ng xu ng c nh nt c biu t ng ngi nh trong tab Select ch n n trn menu ng c nh xut hi n). 4. Di chuy n ln v xu ng trong trang Component Sampler c c m t mu b n cn t nh ng g c s n. 65
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Hnh 5.16: H p tho i Component v i trang Component Sampler. 5. chn cc component xu t hi n trong h p tho i trn, b n b m vo component . Lm nh v y th component b n ch n s xut hi n ngay v tr c a con tr chut khi b n di chuy n chu t ra kh i h p tho i vo trong khng gian lm vi c ca SketchUp. 6. t cc component ch n trong model ca b n, ch c n di chuy n chut n v tr m b n mu n cc component xu t hi n, v nhp vo n. Component s neo vo v tr nhp chu t.
S dng th vin component tr c tuyn 3D Warehouse

SketchUp cng c sn th vi n cc mu component tr c tuyn b n c th t i v s d ng. y l th vi n m, cc mu component ch yu do mi ng i trn khp th gi i t o nn v upload ln mi ng i cng s d ng. Tn th vin l 3D Warehouse . Gi s b n mu n v m t chic gh. y l cch thc hi n: 1. Kch nt Start Using SketchUp . 2, Ch n mc Component t menu Window. iu ny s m h p tho i Components. Theo mc nh, b n s th y trang Component Sampler. 3. Nhp chu t vo nt c biu t ng mi tn h ng xu ng c nh nt c biu t ng ngi nh trong tab Select. Mt menu ng c nh xut hi n. Ch n m t trong cc mc trong ph n Favorites: - Architecture-Ki n trc. - Landscape-Quang c nh. - Construction-Xy d ng. - People-Con ng i - Playground-Sn chi. - Transportation-Phng ti n. i v i ph n ny, chng ta s ch n Architecture. 4. Ch n mc Architecture trn menu ng c nh. iu ny s hi n th m t h p tho i, nh b n th y trong hnh 5.17, th hi n b su tp cc component c sn v ki n trc trong 66
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5. Ch n mc Furniture-n i tht. iu ny hi n th cc m c trong b su t p n i tht trong th vi n 3D Warehouse ca Google, nh th hi n trong hnh 5.18. 6. Nhp vo Seating. iu ny s hi n th cc mc trong b su t p gh ng i trong th vi n 3D Warehouse ca Google, nh th hin trong hnh 5.19.
Hnh 5.17: B s tp cc component ki n trc- Architecture
Hnh 5.18: B s tp cc component n i tht- Furniture 67
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Hnh 5.19: B s tp cc component gh ng i-Seating 7. Ch n component Couch-Rounded-loveseat . Kch vo Download Model t i component ch n v ( xem hnh 5.20). B m Yes khi h p tho i Load Into Model? xut hi n ( nh hnh 5.21). Sau khi t i xong m t component xu t hi n bn ph i con tr chut v di chuy n khi chu t di chuy n.
Hnh 5.20: Ch n component cn t i v
Hnh 5.21: Ti component v 68
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8. t cc component ch n trong model ca b n, ch c n di chuy n chut n v tr m b n mu n cc component xu t hi n, v nhp vo n. Component s neo vo v tr nhp chu t , nh hnh 5.22.
Hnh 5.22: Mt component Couch-Rounded-loveseat m i
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Chng VI. T mu i tng
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Cho n nay, chng ta s dng hiu ng nh bng mc nh trong SketchUp ( cc mt ca khi c cc mu m nht khc nhau) v i tng, nhng c l khng phi nhng mu sc trong tng tng ca bn v cc i tng . B n cng c th t mu cc i tng ca bn.
T mu b ng cng c Pain Bucket - lnh tt B

V d, hy xem hnh 6.1, n i b n c th nhn th y m t kh i lp phng b ng g .
Hnh 6.1: Mt kh i lp phng Ho c n l ci g? N ch c ch n nhn khng gi ng nh m t kh i g . By gi hy xem hnh 6.2, n i m chng ta s d ng cng c Paint Bucket ( cng c c biu t ng hnh thng s n nghing) t mu kh i lp phng v i m t hoa vn g -wood texture. v nu b n c th th y cc vn g trn cc mt khc nhau ca kh i, b n c th th y r ng n trng r t gi ng nh m t kh i g . Cng c Paint Bucket
Hnh 6.2: Mt kh i g t o b i cng c Paint Bucket B n khng ch th ng xuyn t mu v i cc mu sc khc nhau, m b n cng t mu vi cc hoa vn texture. SketchUp i km v i l ng ln cc hoa vn c ch n la b n t mu, v i t t c m i th t hoa vn g n hoa vn gch. MO: ging thng hng hoa vn trn cc b mt 71
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Ngoi ra, c mt lu gi tr l khi bn t mu cc hoa vn trn b mt s c ging cho thng hng. iu c ngha, v d, khi bn t mu mt b mt vi hoa vn g, cc vn g s thng hng vi b mt.
S dng cng c Paint Bucket

Trong ph n ny, chng ta s th y cch s dng cng c Paint Bucket tht n gi n, ch c n a n ln trn cc b mt v t mu n. bt u v i cng c Paint Bucket , hy lm theo cc bc sau: 1. Bt u SketchUp. H p tho i Welcome to SketchUp xut hi n. Trong ph n ny, chng ta s lm vic v i m u Engineering Metes m chng ta s dng trong cc chng trc. 2. Kch vo nt Start Using SketchUp . 3. Ch n cng c Rectangle. 4. V m t hnh ch nht n m ngang. 5. Ch n cng c Push/Pull tool trn thanh cng c. 6. Ko hnh ch nht thnh kh i lp phng. 7. Ch n cng c Paint Bucket trn thanh cng c ( xem hnh 6.2). H p tho i vt li u xut hi n. La ch n m t lo i vt liu hi n ra cc hoa vn ca n m b n mu n t mu r i ch n m t mu hoa vn c s n c a vt liu .( Theo mc nh, mt hoa vn ca m t lo i vt liu no s c ch n, ch ng h n nh Brick_Antuque ca vt liu Brick and cladding). Xem hnh 6.3.
Hnh 6.3: Ch n lo i vt liu 8. Nhp vo t t c cc b mt ca hnh kh i. iu ny s t mu ln t t c cc b mt ca hnh kh i v i mu hoa vn c ch n. Nu b n thch, b n c th quay qu o xung quanh hnh khi t mu cc b mt sau. B n c th xem kt qu trong hnh 6. 4, ni m kh i t mu vi hoa vn g ch (Brick_Antique). iu cho php chng ta bt u v i vic t mu. Tuy nhin, cc mu hoa vn m c nh c s n ca SketchUp c l khng ph i nh ng g b n suy ngh t mu xe hay gh m b n v. xem lm th no thit lp cc mu hoa vn cho ring b n, hy xem cc ph n tip theo.
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Hnh 6.4: Mt kh i gch
La chn vt liu
By gi yu c u b n hy v m t sn nh c lt gch. Lm th no b n s ch n c hoa vn gch lt t mu n? Thc hi n theo cc bc sau: 1. Kch vo nt Start Using SketchUp . 2. Ch n cng c Rectangle. 3. V m t hnh ch nht n m ngang. 4. Ch n cng c Paint Bucket trn thanh cng c . H p tho i vt liu c m ra. B n c th ch n m t b su t p cc mu hoa vn t h p danh sch th xu ng ( h p ch n bn ph i nt c biu t ng gi ng ngi nh). Cc b su t p v cc mu hoa vn m b n c th ch n la: - Asphalt and Concrete- B tng nha ng v b tng thng th ng. - Blinds- T m ch n sng, mn che c a. - Brick and cladding- Gch v lp bao che. - Carpet and textiles- Th m sn nh v v i. - Colors-Mu ( k hiu theo s). - Colors- Named- Mu theo tn ( ch n mu theo tn). - Fencing- Hng ro. - Groundcover- Nn lt b ng vic s i. - Markers- Mu bi n hi u. - Metal- Vt liu kim lo i. - Roofing-Vt liu lp mi. - Sketchy- Vt liu d ng phc tho. - Stone- . - Tile- Gch lt, p. - Translucent- Vt liu c tnh m (khng r). - Vegetation- Rau c . - Water- Nc. - Wood- G . 5. Ch n b su t p mu hoa vn gch lt v p (Tile) t danh sch th xu ng. 73
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6. Ch n m t mu hoa vn g ch lt theo thch c a b n b ng cch nhp vo n. 7. Nhp vo hnh ch nht n m ngang. Hnh ch nht s c t mu b ng mu hoa vn m bn ch n, nh th hi n trong hnh 6.5.
Hnh 6.5: Mt sn nh c lt g ch
Loi b ch nh bng t ng
B n c th th y rng SketchUp t ng nh bng (cc mt c t mu m nht khc nhau) cho cc i t ng n v. V v y, v d, mt trn cng c a kh i lp ph ng trong hnh 5.1 s c mu t i hn so v i cc mt bn khc c a kh i lp ph ng. Tuy nhin, by gi b n bit cch gn cc mu hoa vn (texture) cho i t ng, b n c th thch hn khi m SketchUp khng t ng nh bng ln i tng. V d, kh i g ch trong hnh 6.4 c cc b mt c sc thi m nht khc nhau v ch nh bng t ng ca SketchUp. lo i b ch nh bng t ng ca SketchUp, thc hin cc bc sau: 1. Kch vo nt Start Using SketchUp . 2. Ch n mc Shadow trn menu Windows. iu ny m ra h p tho i Shadow Setting nh b n nhn th y pha trn cng bn tri nh hnh 6.6.
Hnh 6.6: H p tho i Shadow Setting. 74
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3. Tch ch n Use sun for shading v chnh hai thng s Light v Dark t i 100. 4. Kch vo nt X trn cng pha bn ph i ng h p tho i Shadow Setting . By gi kh i gch t o ra trong ph n trc y khng cn b nh bng t ng, bn c th th y trong hnh 6.6. MO: S dng Use sun for shading . Bn cng c th m phng nh sng mt tri cho cc nhu c u nh bng ca bn. n gin ch cn tch chn vo Use sun for shading trong hp thoi Settings Shadow.
V hnh c mu trong
Hy ni r ng b n mu n c m t hnh trn mu h ng. V y , ch c n m t b mt l hnh trn c mu h ng. Khng hao vn, ch l mt b mt c mu s c. Lm th no b n lm c n? y l cch thc hi n( lu r ng bn trong b mt ban u c SketchUp mc nh c mu xm). 1. Kch nt Start Using SketchUp . 2. Chon cng c Circle trn thanh cng c. 3. V m t vng trn n m ngang. 4. Ch n cng c Paint Bucket trn thanh cng c . H p tho i Material m ra. 5. Ch n b su tp Colors t danh sch th xu ng. H p tho i Material s hi n th rt nhiu mu mu, nh b n th y hnh 6.7.
Hnh 6.7: Mt hnh trn mu h ng Mo: Chn Colors-Named Bn mun chn mu sc ca bn theo tn ca mu, chng hn nh mu xanh lam (Cyan), mu tm (Magenta), mu san h (coral)? Ch c n chn Colors-Named trn danh sch th xung ca hp thoi Metarial v cho chut di qua cc hnh ch nht mu sc. M t tooltip s xut hin hin th tn ca cc mu sc m bn di chut ln trn.
T mu nhi u b mt cng m t lc
B n c th t mu nhiu b mt cng m t lc, l iu tuyt v i khi b n ang c gng la ch n m t mu hoa vn (Texture) trong nhi u mu hoa vn khc nhau cho cc b mt ca b n v mu n th t t c cc mu hoa vn , nh ng b n l i khng mu n l i ph i b m ch n t t c cc b mt m i khi b n ch n mt mu hoa vn khc. y l cch thc hi n: 75
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1. Kch nt Start Using SketchUp . 2. Chon cng c Circle trn thanh cng c. 3. V ba vng trn n m ngang. 4. Ch n cng c Select t thanh cng c. 5. Nh n v gi phm Ctrl, kch ln ba vng trn ch n chng. 6. Ch n cng c Paint Bucket trn thanh cng c . H p tho i Material m ra. 7. Ch n b su tp Colors t danh sch th xu ng. 8. La ch n m t mu m b n thch. 9. Nhp vo m t vng trn nm chi u ngang bt k . Khi b n lm th, c ba vng trn s c t mu cng m t lc, nh b n th y trong hnh 6.8.
Hnh 6.8: T mu 3 vng trn cng m t lc
Xem tt c cc mu hoa vn vt liu s dng trong Model c a b n

B n mu n xem t t c cc mu hoa vn (Texture) c s d ng trong m hnh ca b n cng m t lc? B n c th lm i u trong SketchUp. xem nh th no, chng ta hy v m t hnh lp ph ng, gn cc mu hoa vn cho cc b mt khc nhau ca n, v sau hy xem t t c cc mu hoa vn s d ng trong cc b n v cng m t lc. y l cch thc hi n: 1. Kch nt Start Using SketchUp . 2. Chon cng c Rectangle trn thanh cng c . 3. V m t hnh ch nht n m ngang. 4. Ch n cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c . 5. Ko hnh ch nht thnh kh i lp phng. 6. Ch n cng c Paint Bucket trn thanh cng c . H p tho i Material m ra. 7. Ch n b su tp mu hoa vn vt liu t danh sch th xu ng. Trong v d ny, chng ta s s dng cc b su t p Bricks and Cladding trong h p danh sch th xu ng. 8. Ch n m t mu hoa vn bt k b ng cch kch vo n. 9. Kch ln m t b mt m b n mu n t mu cho n v i mu hoa vn c ch n. 10. Lp l i bc 8 v 9 i v i t t c c th nhn th y ca hnh kh i ( ch n cc mu hoa vn khc nhau cho cc mt khc nhau). 11. Nhp vo nt Home ( tng ng khi b n ch n In Model trong h p ch n b su tp cc mu hoa vn) trong h p tho i Material, nt c biu tng gi ng ngi nh. i u ny s hi n th t t c cc mu hoa vn c s dng trong Model, nh b n c th th y trong hnh 6.9. 76
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Ch : Qu nhi u mu hoa vn? Ti sao c qu nhiu mu hoa vn hin th trn hp thoi Material , nhiu hn hn s mu hoa vn (Texture) m bn t mu ln trn hnh kh i ? Cu tr li l mu (Template) chng ta ang s dng l Engineering Metes, n i km vi mt s mu hoa vn c mu sc n gin to ra hnh m t ngi m n xut hin ban u khi SketchUp bt u hot ng. V c mt s mu bn khng t ln trn i tng trong m hnh hin ti ca bn nhng vn xut hin v bn s dng n trc . Bn c th xa bt chng bng cch kch chut phi vo n v ch n Delete t menu ng cnh xut hin.
Hnh 6.9: Xem t t c cc mu hoa vn s dng trong Model MO: Tm hiu thm thng tin chi tit v mu hoa vn ca bn xem tn ca cc mu hoa vn s dng trong Model ca b n, di chuy n chut ln hnh vung ch a mu trong h p thoi Material v tn ca m u hoa vn s xut hin trong mt Tooltip. i vi mu ng nht, cc gi tr RGB (cc gi tr v mu -R, mu xanh l cy-G, mu xanh da tr i-B nm trong kho ng t 0 n 255 ) xu t hin vi du phy ngn cch trong Tooltip, chng hn nh: 96, 96, 96.
To mu hoa vn vt liu mi
Ph i lm g n u b n khng tm th y mu vt li u c n tm trong h p tho i Material ? Ph i lm g nu mu vt liu b n c n khng c v g l t n t i? B n c th t o mu ring cho b n. Ch c n lm theo cc bc sau: 1. Kch vo nt Start Using SketchUp . 2. La ch n cng c Paint Bucket t thanh cng c. 3. Nhp vo nt Create Material trong h p tho i Material. Nt Create Material l nt th hai t trn xu ng v bn ph i ca h p tho i Material (xem hnh 6.10). Kch n m h p tho i Create Material, nh trong hnh 6.11.
Hnh 6.10: Nt Create Material 77
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Hnh 6.11: H p tho i Create Material Trong v d ny, chng ti s lm cho m t mu hoa vn vt liu m i t bnh xe muColor Wheel. Ch n Color Wheel t i h p l a ch n Picker. 4. Nhp tn cho mu hoa vn vt liu m i ca b n. Trong v d ny, chng ta s nguyn tn Material1, tn m c nh cho vt liu m i. 5. Nhp vo m t v tr trn bnh xe mu. Th mu sc trong hnh vung n m trn cng pha bn tri h p tho i Create Material s thay i thnh mu sc c ch n bnh xe mu. 6. Nhp vo nt OK . H p tho i Create Material s bi n mt, v vt liu m i c a b n s c thm ngay vo b su t p mu hoa vn trong In Model (xut hi n nh khi b n b m vo nt c biu tng gi ng ngi nh), nh th hi n trong hnh 6.12.
Hnh 6.12: Mt mu hoa vn vt liu m i Ch : To mu hoa vn t hnh nh c sn Bn cng c th s dng bt k hnh nh no c lu li trn my tnh c a bn cho mu hoa vn ca vt li u mi m bn mun t o. Ch cn nhp vo hp kim Used Texture Image trong hp thoi Create Material v dn n n tp tin hnh nh bn mun s dng lm mu hoa vn vt liu mi ca bn.
Ch nh sa mu hoa vn vt liu trong Model c a bn

B n mu n chnh sa m t mu hoa vn vt liu m b n t o ra? Ch c n lm theo cc bc sau: 78
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1. Kch vo nt Start Using SketchUp . 2. La ch n cng c Paint Bucket t thanh cng c. Xut hi n h p tho i Material. 3. Nhp vo nt Home ( tng ng khi b n ch n In Model trong h p ch n b su t p cc mu hoa vn) trong h p tho i Material, nt c biu tng gi ng ngi nh. N s hi n th ton b cc mu hoa vn vt liu m bn s d ng v t o ra trong Model. 4. Ch n m t mu hoa vn vt liu b ng cch kch vo n. iu ny s chuy n sang tab Edit trong h p tho i Material, nh th hi n trong hnh 6.13.
Hnh 6.13: Chnh s a m t mu hoa vn vt li u 5. Nhp vo m t v tr m i trn bnh xe mu, n u mu n. Th mu s c trong hnh vung n m trn cng pha bn tri h p tho i Create Material s thay i thnh mu s c c ch n bnh xe mu. 6. Nhp h p ki m Used Texture Image thay i hnh nh c a mu hoa vn vt liu. 7. Ch d n ng dn n ni cha t p tin nh ch a hnh nh m b n mu n s d ng cho mu hoa vn vt liu v ch n n, sau nh p nt Open trong h p tho i Choose Image. 8. Nhp vo tab Select trong h p tho i Material. Vic chnh sa m b n thc hi n cho mu hoa vn vt liu ca b n s c lu t ng.
Thay i tt c mu hoa vn v t liu ca i tng c t mu sang mu khc

Hy xem cc hnh kh i trong hnh 6.14, t t c cc b mt ca chng u c t mu vi hoa vn gch. Ph i lm g, nu b n mu n thay i cc mu hoa vn vt liu s d ng t mu cc hnh kh i sang mu hoa vn g ? B n ph i kch t ng ci m t vo t ng b mt ca t ng kh i lp ph ng? Khng. B n c th thay th t t c cc mu hoa vn vt li u c b ng m t mu m i cho t t c cc i tng ch trong cng m t l n v i SketchUp. Trong ph n ny, chng ta s v hai hnh kh i v sau thay i mu hoa vn vt li u c a n t gch sang g . y l cch n thc hi n: 1. Kch vo nt Start Using SketchUp . 2. S dng cng c Rectangle v v m t hnh ch nht n m ngang. 3. Ch n cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c v ko hnh ch nht thnh m t kh i lp phng. 4. Lp l i bc 2 v 3 v hnh kh i th hai. 5. Ch n cng c Select trn thanh cng c. V hnh ch nht l a ch n bao quanh 2 kh i lp ph ng. 79
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6. Ch n cng c Paint Bucket trn thanh cng c . 7. Ch n b su tp vt liu Brick and Cladding. Ch n mu hoa vn vt liu Brick_Antiqua.
Hnh 6.14: Hai khi c t mu cc mt 8. Kch vo m t b mt bt k ca m t trong hai kh i trn. iu ny s t mu ln t t c cc b mt ca cc hnh kh i v i mu hoa vn Brick_Antiqua. By gi chng ta s thay i mu hoa vn v t liu s dng trn cc kh i l p phng sang mu hoa vn g . 9. Ch n b su mu vt li u g trong h p tho i Material. 10. Ch n m t mu hoa vn g m b n yu thch b ng cch nhp vo n. 11. Nh n v gi phm Shift . 12. Nhp vo m t b mt bt k ca m t kh i l p ph ng. Khi b n lm th, t t c cc b mt c t mu s cng thay i mu hoa vn vt liu sang mu hoa vn g m b n ch n. B n c th xem kt qu trong 6.15 hnh, n i m cc kh i c t mu v i hoa vn g .
Hnh 6.15: Hai kh i chuyn sang hoa vn g MO: T mu cc b mt ln cn trn mt i tng Bn cng c th hn ch vic t mu ln cc i tng khc m ch t mu ln cc b mt lin k ca mt i tng nu bn s dng phm Ctrl thay v phm Shift. 80
Chng VI
Ly mu t hoa vn vt liu hin c

Nu b n m m t b n v c cc hoa vn vt li u m b n khng bit g v n, b n c th l y m u t cc hoa vn vt li u t mu ln cc b mt khc v c th bit tn ca n nu SketchUp c th tm ra c tn ca mu hoa vn vt liu . V d, trong ph n ny, chng ta s v m t kh i vi hoa vn g ch v kh i th hai c hoa vn g trn n, v sau chng ta s l y mu hoa vn c s dng t mu ln kh i g ch t mu ln kh i g v xc nh n r ng n l hoa vn gch. y l cch thc hi n: 1. Kch vo nt Start Using SketchUp . 2. S dng cng c Rectangle v v m t hnh ch nht n m ngang. 3. Ch n cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c v ko hnh ch nht thnh m t kh i lp phng. 4. Lp l i bc 2 v 3 v hnh kh i th hai. 5. Ch n cng c Paint Bucket trn thanh cng c . 6. Ch n b su tp vt liu Brick and Cladding. Ch n mu hoa vn vt liu Brick_Antiqua to mu ln kh i th nht. Ch n b su tp vt liu Wood. Ch n mu hoa vn Wood_OSB t mu ln i tng th hai. Nh nhn v gi phm Ctrl ri kch chn ln mt b mt n t mu ln c khi cng mt lc. Ta c nh hnh 6.16.
Hnh 6.16: Kh i gch v kh i g By gi chng ta s l y mu t m t b mt ca kh i gch r i t mu ln kh i 2 v xem SketchUp c th xc nh c hoa vn l g. 7. Ch n nt Dropper trong h p tho i Material nh hnh 6.17 . Cc con tr chut s thay i thnh hnh m t ci ng nh gi t (dng trong phng th nghi m).
Hnh 6.17: Nt Dropper 81
Chng VI
9. Nhp vo m t b mt ca kh i gch. SketchUp s xc nh lo i hoa vn vt liu ca b mt m b n va kch v hi n th n , cng nh tn ca n, t i khu vc pha trn trong h p tho i Material, nh b n c th th y trong hnh 6.18. V con tr chut s thay i sang hnh ca cng c Paint Bucket ( hnh ci thng sn nghin), b n kch ln m t b mt ca kh i g b n s nhn c kt qu nh trong hnh 6.18.
Hnh 6.18: Ly mu hoa vn t b mt hi n c
G b thao tc thc hin v hy thao tc ang thc hin

Bn t mu m t b mt v sau b n khng mu n t na? SketchUp c th g b thao tc t mu tr v lc ban u cha t . Trong thc t , gn nh m i thao tc b n thc hi n trong SketchUp u c th c g b (Undo) tr v trang thi trc khi thc hin thao tc ; t vic v m t ng cho n t mu m t b mt, ho c th m ch xa m t i t ng. g b m t thao tc thc hi n, ch n m c Undo trn trnh n Edit. Thao tc thc hi n s c g b v b n v s c khi phc tr l i tnh tr ng tr c . Bn cng c th nh n Ctrl+Z lm i u t ng t . Nu b n bt u thc hi n m t thao tc v mu n h y b n? V d, gi s b n bt u v m t ng b ng cch s d ng cng c Line kch vo mt i m trn mn hnh lm im u ca ng th ng v sau b n suy ngh khng mu n v tip ng th ng ny na, nh ng cng c Line v n cn ko di m t ng t i m m b n nhp chu t n v tr hi n t i khi b n di chuy n chu t. Ch c n b m phm Esc. h y b bt k thao tc no m b n bt u thc hi n v gip b n thot ra kh i n.
82
Chng VII
Chng VII. S dng cng c xoay-Rotate, Scale, v Follow Me
83
Chng VII
S dng m t s cng c mi
y, chng ta s tm hiu cch s d ng cng c xoay Rotate, thay i t l Scale, v Follow Me. - Cng c Rotate c chc nng gi ng nh tn c a n, n dng xoay i t ng. B n c th s d ng cng c ny khng ch xoay ton b cc i t ng, m cn xoay cc b ph n ca cc i t ng nu b n ch n m t ph n ca i t ng v sau gp n qua cc mt bn kia. - Cng c Scale cho php b n ko gin ra ho c co nh l i cc i t ng theo b n mu n. y l m t cng c hu ch trong tr ng h p bn mu n thay i kch thc ca m t i t ng bt k lc no. - Cng c Follow Me cho php b n di chuy n hnh 2D d c ng d n b n ch nh t o ra hnh 3D. N r t tuyt v i khi s dng. Hy bt u v i cng c Rotate.
Xoay i tng b ng cng c Rotate-lnh tt Q

Cng c Rotate gip b n xoay ton b cc i t ng, ho c ch m t ph n ca m t i t ng. u tin cng c Rotate s thit l p m t mt ph ng quay ca chnh n nh h ng t i nh ng mt phng c hnh thnh b i cc tr c mu , xanh da tr i v xanh l cy, ho c bt k b mt no m b n di chu t qua. Sau , b n thit lp m t tr c quay v xoay i t ng. Trc tin, chng ti s c n m t i t ng xoay. Chng ta s s d ng h p tho i Components (nh chng ta lm trong ch ng 5, " T o Component v Nhm ") v l y m t componet l m t b bn gh lm vic trong th vi n trc tuy n 3D Warehouse v t n vo trong b n v. i v i ph n ny ( v nhng ph n khc trong chng ny), chng ta s lm vic v i cc mu quen thu c Engineering Meters . y l cch chng ta c th xoay m t m t m hnh b bn gh lm vic trong b n v: 1. Bt u SketchUp. 2. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp . 3. Ch n mc Component trn menu Window. 4. Nhp vo nt c biu tng mi tn xu ng bn c nh nt c biu tng ngi nh trong h p tho i Component v nh n b su tp component ki n trc-Architecture. 5. Trong b su t p ki n trc-Architecture, hy nhp vo b su t p n i thtFurniture. 6. Trong b su t p n i tht- Furniture, nhp vo b su t p bn lm vic-Desk. 7. Kch vo component Work Station Desk Set v t i n v. 8. Nhp vo bn trong b n v c a b n chn b bn gh m chng ta ch n, nh th hi n trong hnh 7.1. By gi chng ta s xoay b bn gh c t. 9. S dng cng c Select ch n b bn gh, khi m t hnh h p mu xanh xu t hi n bao quanh b bn gh. Sau ch n cng c Rotate trn thanh cng c ( th hi n trong hnh 7.1). Khi b n ch n cng c Rotate m t b xoay s c hi n th t i v tr ca con tr chu t, n trng nh l m t vng trn kp c cc vch chia . Khi b n di chuy n chu t th b xoay s di chuy n theo. 10. Click vo mt i m no trn mt ph ng d i ca hnh h p mu xanh bao quanh b bn gh, y s l tm xoay v b bn gh s xoay quanh i m ny. iu ny s neo tm ca b xoay vo im v mt ph ng xoay ( mt ph ng ch a b xoay) cng c nh h ng theo b mt (ngha l mt ph ng xoay s n m trong cng mt ph ng v i b mt ) . 84
Chng VII Cng c Rotate
Hnh 7.1: Cng c Rotate v b bn gh lm vic
11. Sau khi thit lp c tm xoay, b n c n ph i thit l p gc quay, m hnh s quay xung quanh m t trc g i l tr c xoay (l ng thng i qua t m xoay v vung gc v i mt ph ng xoay) m t gc b ng gc quay m b n t o. Gc quay c t o b i hai cnh i qua tm xoay v n m trong mt ph ng xoay. 12. To gc xoay b ng cch kch chu t vo m t v tr bt k trong mt ph ng xoay, khi xut hi n mt on thng i qua tm quay v i m va kch. y l c nh u tin ca gc xoay.
Hnh 7.2: M hnh xoay chung quanh tr c xoay khi b n di chuy n chu t 13. Di chuy n chu t xoay i t ng. iu ny s lm quay i t ng c ch n trong khng gian 3D quanh tr c xoay theo cc chuy n ng ca chu t, nh trong hnh 7.2. 14. Kch chu t kha gc xoay, khi m hnh quay quanh trc xoay m t gc so v i v tr ban u b ng ng gc xoay. B n c th xem v tr m i c a b bn gh trong hnh 7.3. Mo: Nhp gc quay. Ti bc 14 thay v kch chu t kha gc xoay b n c th nhp t bn phm gi tr gc xoay m b n mun. Nhn Enter th m hnh s quay quanh trc xoay mt gc ng bng 85
Chng VII
gi tr bn nhp. V d nhp 30 th SketchUp s hiu l to gc quay 30 0 V n s xoay m hnh i mt gc 300 so vi v tr ban u ( quay theo chi u kim ng h nu nhp gi tr dng, quay ngc chiu kim ng h nu nhp gi tr m).
Hnh 7.3: M hnh c xoay
Xoay mt ph n ca i tng
Cc cng c Rotate gip b n xoay m t ph n c a m t i t ng, l rt tt khi b n mu n " gp " m t phn ca m t i t ng trn. V d, chng ta s xoay ch l m t ph n ca mt kh i lp ph ng. y l cch thc hi n: 1. Kch nt Start Using SketchUp . 2. Ch n cng c Rectangle v v m t hnh ch nht n m ngang. 3. Ch n cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c v ko hnh ch nht ln thnh m t kh i lp ph ng. 4. Ch n cng c Line trn thanh cng c. 5. V m t ng th ng ng trn m t mt bn c a hnh kh i, nh hnh 7.4. Lu rng khi b n ang v ng thng , n s chuy n sang mu xanh da tr i khi n song song v i cc c nh th ng ng c a hnh kh i. y l m t h ng d n rt hu ch nu b n mu n v m t ng th ng ng.
Hnh 7.4: Kh i lp phng v i m t ng th ng 86
Chng VII
6. By gi chng ta s xoay m t ph n ca kh i l p ph ng quanh ng th ng ng m i v. Ch n cng c Select trong thanh cng c . 7. Nhp vo na bn ph i ca mt kh i lp ph ng chia ct. iu ny la ch n m t na b mt ca kh i lp phng v lp y n b ng d u ch m mu xanh biu th r ng n c ch n. 8. La ch n cng c Rotate trn thanh cng c . Xut hi n b xoay t i v tr con tr chu t. 9. Di chuy n chu t t i b mt y c a kh i lp phng ng h ng mt ph ng xoay v i b mt , t hit lp tm quay b ng cch kch trc tip vo i m cui bn d i c a ng thng ngn i. 10. Sau khi thit lp c tm xoay, b n c n ph i thit lp trc quay. l, di chuy n chu t tr c tip trn i m cu i bn trn ca ng th ng ngn i. 11. Kch chu t kha tr c quay. By gi b n c tr c quay. 12. Di chuy n chu t xoay i t ng. iu ny s lm quay i t ng c ch n trong khng gian 3D theo cc chuy n ng ca chu t. 13. Kch chu t kha cc i t ng v tr xoay n. Bn c th xem v tr m i c a m t na chia i bn ph i ca mt kh i lp ph ng trong v d ca chng ta trong hnh 7.5.
Hnh 7.5: Mt phn i tng c xoay M O: B n cng c th s dng cng c Move Bn c th c c hiu qu ging nh bn thy trong hnh 7.5 vi cng c Move nu bn ko cnh bn phi ca khi lp phng v pha trc.
Kha s nh hng ca cng c Rotate

Khi s dng cng c Rotate, i khi rt kh khn khi b n mun nh h ng b xoay ca n t i m t mt ph ng no , b i v n th ng t ng gn v i m t b mt bt k no . V nu b n c m t i t ng phc t p, b mt hi n t i m bn ang quan tm l i khng ph i l b mt m SketchUp ang h ng t i, v n c th gy bc b i cho b n. Mt mo nh l b n c th s dng kha mt ph ng xoay ( mt ph ng cha b xoay) trn m t b mt b n mu n v sau di chuy n s nh h ng n t i b mt b n ang gp v n v s nh h ng ca b xoay . y l cch thc hi n: 1. Kch nt Start Using SketchUp . 2. Ch n cng c Rectangle v v m t hnh ch nht n m ngang. 3. Ch n cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c v ko hnh ch nht ln thnh m t kh i lp ph ng. 87
Chng VII
4. Ch n cng c Rotate trong thanh cng c . 5. Di chuy n b xoay xung quanh trn cc b mt ho c cc mt ph ng khc nhau trong b n v xc nh n r ng b xoay s c g n v i b mt m n di chuy n bn trn. B n c th xem cc v d trong hnh 7.6 v 7.7.
Hnh 7.6: B xoay c g n trn m t b mt
Hnh 7.7: B xoay c g n trn m t b mt khc 6. By gi chng ta s kha b xoay trn mt ph ng n m ngang ( song song v i mt ph ng x-y). Di chuy n b xoay ra khng gian bn ngoi c a m hnh. Theo mc nh, b xoay s nh h ng v i mt ph ng n m ngang ( mt ph ng xoay n m trong mt ph ng song song v i mt ph ng x-y). 7. B m gi phm Shift . Nh n phm Shift kha s nh h ng ca b xoay. 8. Gi phm Shift , v khi di chuy n b xoay xung quanh trn cc b mt hay cc mt ph ng khc nhau th b n s th y rng mt ph ng xoay ( cha b xoay) khng thay i ngha l v n n m ngang. Bn c th xem cc v d trong hnh 7.8 v 7.9.
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Chng VII
Hnh 7.8: B xoay ang n m ngang
Hnh 7.9: B xoay v n n m ngang
Thay i kch thc hnh 2D b ng cng c Scale-lnh tt S

B n c th s d ng cng c Scale ko gin ra ho c co nh l i i t ng trong SketchUp theo m t t l. y l cch cc cng c Scale lm vic i v i cc i t ng 2D. 1. Kch nt Start Using SketchUp . 2. Ch n cng c Rectangle v v m t hnh ch nht n m ngang. 3. Ch n mc Toolbars trn menu View. i u ny m ra m t menu ph. 4. Ch n mc Large Tool Set ca menu ph. i u ny m ra cc thanh cng m r ng. 5. Ch n cng c Scale trong thanh cng c m r ng. Cng c Scale l cng c c bi u tng l m t hnh nh ca hnh ch nht ang c m r ng. 6. Nhp vo hnh ch nht n m ngang. Xung quanh hnh ch nht xut hi n mt ng bao mu vng ( nu l hnh ch nht th ng bao l hnh ch nht, cn hnh trn, a gic th ng bao l hnh vung...) v trn xut hin cc i m cn chnh b ng tay (cc hnh h p nh mu xanh l cy n m nh v trung i m cc c nh), b n c th th y trong hnh 7.10. 7. Di chuy n chut ln trn im cn chnh cho n khi xut hi n mt ng th ng n i im ti im i di n, biu tng con tr chut thay i sang hnh c hai mi tn ng c chiu nhau v xu t hi n cc ToolTip, r i nh n chu t. Khi b n di chuy n chu t, im c b n kch chu t s di chuy n theo chut, cn im i di n c nh t i ch v khi kch 89
Chng VII
thc hnh ch nht s thay i theo, nu b n ko v pha im i di n th hnh ch nht s b co nh l i, c n ng c l i khi ko ra xa im i di n th hnh ch nht s c ko gin ra, gi ng nh khi b n thay i kch th c ca s trong Window. im cn chnh c ch n s xc nh vi c hnh ch nht c ko gin hay co li nh th no khi b n di chuy n chu t. Cng c Scale
Hnh 7.10: Cng c Scale v hnh bao ch nh kch thc 8. R chu t ko di hnh ch nht theo h ng m b n ch n. Hnh ch nht s c ko dn khi b n ko n. 9. Nh chu t. Khi b n lm th, hnh ch nht l c nh t i ch v i kch thc m i ca n, nh trong hnh 7.11.
Hnh 7.11: Hnh ch nht sau khi Scale Lu : Nhn thm phm Ctrl v Shift. Nu Bn kch chut ln im cn chnh nm nh ca hnh bao th kch thc ca hnh ch nht s thay i theo hai chi u vi mt nh i din im kch ca hnh ch nht s c neo c nh. V khi kt hp nhn v gi phm thm phm Ctrl th xut hin mt hnh hp nh mu tm ca hnh bao v khi di chu t th kch thc hnh ch nht s thay i theo 4 chi u v i x ng qua tm c a hnh bao. T l thay i ca hnh sau khi scale so vi hnh ban u l t l thay i theo 2 chi u. 90
Chng VII
Nu bn kch chu t ln im cn chnh nm trn trung im ca cnh hnh bao th kch thc ca hnh ch nht s thay i theo mt chiu dc theo ng thng ni gia im kch chu t v im i din ca n v im c nh s l im c neo c nh. V khi bn kt hp vi nhn v gi phm thm phm Ctrl th xut hin mt hnh hp nh mu nm tm ca hnh bao v khi di chu t th kch thc ca hnh ch nht s di chuy n theo hai chi u i xng nhau qua tm ca hnh bao. V khi nh n v gi thm phm Shift th hnh ch nht s thay i kch thc theo 4 chi u v t l thay i ca hnh sau khi scale so vi hnh ban u l t l thay i theo 1 chi u (chiu theo hng ng thng ni gia hai trung im i xng nhau ca hnh bao).
Thay i kch thc hnh 3D

Nh b n mong i b i v SketchUp l m t ch ng trnh 3D, bn cng c th ko gin ho c co nh cc i t ng trong 3D. th y i u ny, chng ta s v m t hnh kh i v sau ko gim n lm cho n l n h n. 1. Kch nt Start Using SketchUp . 2. Ch n cng c Rectangle v v m t hnh ch nht n m ngang. 3. Ch n cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c v ko hnh ch nht ln thnh m t kh i lp ph ng. 4. Ch n cng c Select trn thanh cng c. 5. V m t hnh ch nht la ch n xung quanh kh i lp ph ng. 6. Nh chu t. Khi b n lm th, kh i lp ph ng c ch n. 7. Ch n mc Toolbars trn menu View. i u ny m ra m t menu ph. 8. Ch n mc Large Tool Set ca menu ph. i u ny m ra cc thanh cng m r ng. 9. Ch n cng c Scale trong thanh cng c m r ng. Khi b n ch n cng c Scale, Xung quanh kh i xu t hi n m t hnh bao mu vng v trn xut hin cc im cn chnh b ng tay (cc hnh h p nh mu xanh l cy n m nh, tm v trung i m cc c nh ca cc b mt), bn c th th y trong hnh 7.12.
Hnh 7.12: Hnh h p bao quanh kh i lp phng 10. Di chuy n chut ln trn im cn chnh cho n khi xu t hi n mt ng th ng ni im ti im i di n, biu t ng con tr chut thay i sang hnh c hai mi tn ngc chiu nhau v xu t hi n cc ToolTip , ri nh n chu t. im cn chnh c ch n s xc nh vic kh i lp phng c ko gin hay co li nh th no khi di chuy n chu t. 11. R chu t ko gin kh i lp ph ng theo h ng m b n ch n. Kh i lp phng s b ko gin khi b n ko n. 12. Nh chu t. Khi b n lm th, kh i lp phng c c nh v i kch th c m i c a n, nh trong hnh 7.13. 91
Chng VII
Ch : B n nn tham kh o mt s thao tc ca cng c Scale i vi i tng 2D tm hiu thm dng n cho i tng 3D v n cng gn ging nhau.
Hnh 7.13: Kh i lp phng sau khi c ko gin
Vut nhn i tng trong 3D

Nu b n c m t hnh tr nh trong hnh 7.14.
Hnh 7.14: Mt hnh tr Tuy nhin, b n l i mu n thay i hnh d ng c a n sao cho b mt trn tr nn l n h n so v i b mt d i, c l t ng t nh nh ng g b n th y trong hnh 7.15. V y lm th no c nh th ? B n c th t o ra hnh b n nhn th y trong hnh 7.15 b ng cch s d ng cng c Scale. y l cch thc hi n: 1. Kch nt Start Using SketchUp . 2. Ch n cng c Circle v v m t hnh trn n m ngang. 3. Ch n cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c v ko hnh trn ln thnh m t hnh tr . 4. Ch n cng c Scale t thanh cng c m r ng ( m thanh cng c m r ng t menu View). 5. Nhp vo vng trn mt ca hnh tr . Xut hi n hnh vung mu vng bao quanh hnh trn vi cc im cn chnh tay trn. 6. Kch chu t vo mt im cn chnh. i m cn chnh c ch n s xc nh vi c vng trn mt trn cng ca hnh tr c ko gin hay co li nh th no khi b n di 92
Chng VII chuy n chu t.
Hnh 7.15: Hnh tr b bi n hnh 7. R chu t ko gin hnh tr theo h ng m b n ch n. Hnh tr s tri di ra khi b n ko n. 8. Nh chut. Khi b n lm th, hnh tr l c nh t i ch v i kch th c m i c a n, nh trong hnh 7.15.
Scale t tm ca i tng
Cho n nay, chng ta vu t nh n m t i t ng b ng cch ko m t cnh. Nh ng vu t nh n m t i t ng mt cch cn i hn, b n nn vu t t trung tm ca i t ng. Gi s b n bt u v i hnh tr trong ph n tr c nh ng mu n k t thc vi c ko gin l m t hnh phu nh th hi n trong hnh 7.16.
1. 2. 3. 4. View). 5. Nhp vo vng trn mt ca hnh tr . Xut hi n hnh vung mu vng bao quanh hnh trn vi cc im cn chnh b ng tay trn. 6. Nh n phm Ctrl. Nh n phm Ctrl cng c Scale ko gin hay co nh n t trung 93
Hnh 7.16: Hnh phu Kch nt Start Using SketchUp . Ch n cng c Circle v v m t hnh trn n m ngang. Ch n cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c v ko hnh trn ln thnh m t hnh tr . Ch n cng c Scale t thanh cng c m r ng ( m thanh cng c m r ng t menu
Chng VII
tm ca n, l nh ng g m chng ta mu n trong tr ng hp ny. 7. Nhp v gi chu t vo mt im cn chnh n m nh c a hnh bao quanh. 8. R chu t ko gin hnh tr thnh hnh ph u. 9. Nh chu t. Khi , phu s c c nh v i kch thc m i ca n, nh trong hnh 7.16.
Ko gin hoc co nh vi t l chnh xc

Nu b n c m t i t ng v b n mu n ko gin n b ng m t h s chnh xc l to ln gp i so vi ban u? B n c th thit lp m t t l chnh xc cho cng c Scale n thay i kch th c ca i tng, nh sau y chng ta s ko gin m t kh i lp ph ng sao cho n to ln gp i so vi ban u. 1. Kch nt Start Using SketchUp . 2. Ch n cng c Rectangle v v m t hnh ch nht n m ngang. 3. Ch n cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c v ko hnh ch nht ln thnh m t kh i lp ph ng. 4. Ch n cng c Select trn thanh cng c. 5. V m t hnh ch nht la ch n xung quanh kh i lp ph ng. 6. Nh chu t. Khi b n lm th, kh i lp ph ng c ch n. 7. Ch n cng c Scale t thanh cng c m r ng ( m thanh cng c m r ng t menu View). 8. Nhp chu t vo mt im cn chnh trn hnh bao. 9. R chu t ko di kh i lp ph ng theo h ng b n mu n. 10. Nhp t l m b n mu n scale kh i lp ph ng. Trong v d ny, chng ta s scale kh i lp phng v i t l l gp i, do chng ta g phm c s 2. 11. Nh n Enter. Khi b n lm th, kh i lp ph ng c ko gin ln g p i so v i kch th c ban u ca n. MO: H s co nh li i tng Lu rng bn c th dng cng c Scale co nh i tng vi mt t l chnh xc. Khi bn nhp t l l s mt s dng nh hn 1 th i tng s b thu nh theo t l . V d, bn nhp t l scale l 0,5 th i tng s b thu nh i bng mt na kch th c ban u ca n.
S dng cng c Follow Me

Cng c Follow Me theo cho php b n ko hnh xui theo m t ng d n m b n ch nh. Hy xem i t ng trong hnh 7.17. Cng c Follow Me
Hnh 7.17: Mt i tng cong c v b i Follow Me 94
Chng VII
B n c th v trong SketchUp? B n chc ch n c th. Tt c bn c n lm l v m t vng trn, thit lp m t ng cong, sau di chuy n vng trn d c theo con ng cong b ng cng c Follow Me ( c th hi n trong hnh 8,17 ). Cng c Follow Me theo cho php b n di chuy n hnh 2D d c theo nh ng ng dn bi n chng thnh hnh 3D. y l cch t o ra hnh d ng gi ng nh trong hnh 7.17: 1. Kch nt Start Using SketchUp . 2. Ch n cng c Circle v v mt hnh trn nh th hi n trong hnh 7.18 .
Hnh 7.18: Mt hnh trn 3. Ch n cng c Arc trn thanh cng c. 4. Kch chu t vo mt i m trong b n v ca b n l i m u ca ng d n m b n mu n ko hnh trn d c theo n. 5. Nhp chu t t i i m cu i ca ng d n m bn mu n ko hnh trn d c theo n. 6. Ko vng cung thnh hnh d ng m b n mu n hnh trn c ko d c theo n t o thnh i t ng 3D. 7. Ch n cng c Select . 8. Nhp vo vng trn ch n n. 9. Ch n cng c Move. 10. Di chuy n vng trn n i m cu i vng cung, nh th hi n trong hnh 7.19.
Hnh 7.19: Mt hnh trn v i m t cung trn 95
Chng VII
11. T thanh cng c m r ng ch n cng c Follow Me ( m thanh cng c m r ng trn menu View). 12. By gi chng ta s n sng s d ng cng c Follow Me. Nu vng trn khng c ch n, ch n n b ng cng c Select v sau ch n cng c Follow Me m t l n na. 13. S dng chu t ko hnh trn d c theo cung. Cng c Follow Me t o c m gic nh b n ang ch y d c theo vng cung v gi cho hnh trn di chuy n d c theo n v ra hnh d ng 3D m b n nhn th y trong hnh 7.17. MO: B n khng th ko c hnh bng cng c Follow Me. Bn khng cn phi ko hnh dc theo mt ng dn bng cng c Follow Me nu bn khng mu n. n gin ch cn chn cc c nh ca ng dn m bn mun vi cng c Select. Sau chn cng c Follow Me v nh p vo hnh 2D m bn mun to thnh hnh 3D cng c Follow Me ko dc theo ng dn chn mt cch t ng.
96
Chng VIII
Chng VIII. X-Ray i tng, to ng d n hng v Offset
97
Chng VIII
Khi b n x-ray cc b mt, bn c th xem nh ng g ng sau chng. l tuyt v i khi m hnh c a b n ngy cng r i r m, phc t p hn v cc i t ng bt u che khut l n nhau, v b n khng mu n ti p t c quay xung quanh quan st pha sau chng. B n c th t o ng dn h ng v i cng c Tape Measure. ng dn h ng l ng nt ch m t , ng ny c b n s d ng tham kho khi di chuy n ho c sp x p cc i t ng khc, v n rt hu dng khi b n b tr cc i tng trong m hnh c a b n. Chng ta cng s xem lm th no t o ra cc offset trong chng ny. M t offset l m t b n sao ca m t cnh m b n c th thay i kch thc ch b ng cch ko chu t, v offset rt hu ch khi b n ang d ng cc chi ti t nh c a ra vo v ca s d ng cc m hnh khung nh.
X-Ray cc i tng
B n c th " nhn xuyn qua " cc i t ng trong SketchUp, r t hu ch trong m t s tnh hu ng; v d, khi b n c hai i t ng v m t trong hai i tng che lp i t ng cn l i v b n khng mu n tip t c quay xung quanh i tng quan st i tng sau, ho c khi b n c hai i t ng ch ng cho ln nhau v mu n xc nh chnh xc v tr chng lin quan n nhau. Bt X-ray quan st d dng. Chng ta m t ln n a s s d ng mu EngineeringMetes v v m t vi kh i lp phng, sau chng ti s X-ray quan st chng, y l cch thc hi n: 1. Kch nt Start Using SketchUp . 2. Ch n cng c Rectangle v v m t hnh ch nht n m ngang. 3. Ch n cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c v ko hnh ch nht ln thnh m t kh i lp ph ng. 4. Lp l i bc 2 v 3 v hnh lp ph ng khc. 5. Ch n cng c Select trn thanh cng c. 6. V m t hnh ch nht la ch n xung quanh mt trong nh ng hnh kh i ch n n. 7. Ch n cng c Move trn thanh cng c. 8. Di chuy n cc kh i lp ph ng c l a ch n ra sau kh i cn l i. B n c th th y iu ny trng gi ng nh trong hnh 8.1. 9. T trnh n View, ch n Face Style. Mt menu ph s xut hi n.
Hnh 8.1: Mt kh i lp phng che khut kh i khc 98
Chng VIII
10. Ch n mc X-ray trong menu ph. Lm th bt khung nhn X-ray v lm cho t t c cc i t ng " trong su t ", nh b n c th th y trong hnh 8.2. Lu rng bn c th nhn xuyn qua kh i lp phng gy che khut thy khi pha sau n. R t tuyt vi.
Hnh 8.2: S dng khung nhn X-ray Nh bn thy, khung nhn X-ray l mt cng c tuyt vi gip bn qun l nhiu i tng khi chng bt u che khut ln nhau. tt n i, chn mc Face Style trn menu View m menu ph, v chn mc X-ray mt ln na bt/tt khung nhn X-ray.
Offset cc c nh vi cng c Offset-lnh tt F

Cc cng c Offset cho php bn to ra bn sao ca cc cnh v di chuyn chng ra xa kh i cnh ban u. l rt tt khi bn c mt b mt phc tp v mun v mt b mt tng ng vi n nhng l nh hn hoc ln hn( hnh dng ging nhau nhng khc nhau v kch thc). thy iu ny, chng ta s bt u trong phn ny vi cc i tng bn nhn th y trong hnh 8.3.
Hnh 8.3: Mt i tng 3D S dng cng c Offset v Push/Pull, chng ta s thay i i tng ny thnh mt hnh m bn nhn thy trong hnh 8.4 vi ch vi kch chut. y l cch thc hin:
99
Chng VIII Cng c Offset
Hnh 8.4: Chnh s a i tng b ng cng c Offset 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp . 2. Ch n Toolbars t menu View. iu ny m ra m t menu. 3. Ch n mc Large Tool Set . iu ny m ra thanh cng c m r ng. 4. Ch n cng c Polygon trn thanh cng c m r ng. 5. V m t hnh a gic 6 c nh n m ngang 6. Ch n cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c. 7. Ko a gic thnh hnh 3D. By gi chng ta s s dng cng c Offset ra hnh m chng ta c n. 8. Ch n cng c Offset trn thanh cng c m r ng. Cng c Offset l cng c c biu t ng l hnh nh ca hai cung trn ng tm v i mt mi tn mu lin kt gi a chng ( nh th hi n trong hnh 8.4 ). 9. Di chuy n chu t ln cc b mt ca i t ng, khi no b mt c ph kn cc du ch m d ng l i v trn m t cnh ca b mt xut hi n m t hnh trn nh mu xut hi n cng ToolTip c nhn On Edge th nhp chu t. Nhp chu t thng bo cho cng c Offset bit b mt cn offset .
Hnh 8.5: Offset m t b mt 100
Chng VIII
10. Di chuy n chu t lm xut hi n hnh offset ca b mt . Cng c Offset s v m t hnh theo cc c nh ca b mt hi n t i ( cc c nh ca n s song song v i cc c nh tng ng ca b mt ang c offset), bn c th th y trong hnh 8.5. 11. Thay i kch th c ca hnh offset b ng cch di chuy n chu t. 12. Nh chu t. kha hnh offset vo v tr. 13. Lp l i cc b c t 8 n 12 cho t t c cc mt c th nhn th y ca i t ng. S dng cng c Rotate nu b n mu n thc hi n t i cc mt cha offset . 14. Ch n cng c Push/Pull cng c tron thanh cng c. 15. Ch n m i b mt offset v y n vo i t ng, ta s c kt qu nh th hi n trong hnh 8.4.
La chn cc cnh offset

Trong ph n trc, chng t a offset cc b mt v i cng c Offset . Nh ng m t s lc, b n khng mu n offset ton b b mt, b n ch mu n offset cc c nh c ch n. xem ngha ca vic trn l th no, hy nhn vo cnh c a trong hnh 8.6.
Hnh 8.6: Mt ci ca By gi gi s r ng b n mu n v m t khung xung quanh cnh c a. S d ng cng c Offset offset b mt ca cnh c a, tuy nhin n dn n s r c ri nh b n th y trong hnh 8.7, v cng c Offset v khung ch ng ln bu c a ngang ( ci b ng d i cng ca cnh c a ).
Hnh 8.7: Hnh Offset ch ng ln bu ca 101
Chng VIII
N s khng c p so v i khi b n ch offset ba c nh trn ca ca, nh th hi n trong hnh 8.8?
Hnh 8.8: S dng cng c Offset ln cc c nh B ng cch , b n c th s d ng cng c Offset v ra khung c a m khng x y ra khung ca ch ng ln trn bu ca. B n c th lm iu ny nu b n s d ng cng c Offset v i cc c nh, ch khng ph i b mt. y l cch n ho t ng: 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp . 2. Ch n cng c Line trong thanh cng c . 3. V ca v bu ca nh trong hnh 8.6. 4. Ch n cng c Select trn thanh cng c. 5. Gi phm Ctrl v nh n vo ba c nh trn c a ca. Gi phm Ctrl c ngha l b n c th thc hi n nhiu la ch n lin ti p ch b ng cch nhp vo chng v i cng c Select . Khi thc hi n xong, ba c nh trn ca ca c la ch n.
Hnh 8.9: Mt khung ca m i 6. T thanh cng c m r ng ch n cng c Offset ( m thanh cng c m r ng b ng cch ch n mc Large Tool Set t menu View nu n khng xut hi n). 7. Nhp vo bn trong c a. 8. Di chuy n chut lm xut hi n hnh offset ca b mt . Cng c Offset s v 102
Chng VIII
m t hnh theo cc c nh c ch n ca b mt hi n t i ( cc cnh c a n s song song v i cc cnh tng ng c a b mt ang c offset, cnh khng ch n s c gi nguyn), b n c th th y trong hnh 8.8. 9. Thay i kch th c ca hnh offset b ng cch di chuy n chu t. 10. Nh chut. kha hnh offset vo v tr, nh b n c th th y trong hnh 8.9.
Nhp chnh xc khong cch offset

Kho ng cch offset l kho ng cch gia cnh ban u ( cnh g c) v i c nh c c sau khi offset. Gi s, v d, r ng b n v m t hnh kh i v mu n offset m t b mt ca n v i kho ng cch offset chnh xc l 1m ( c ngha l khong cch t cc c nh ca hnh c c sau khi offset n cc c nh tng ng ca hnh ban u l 1m). B n c th lm iu ? C, bn c th, ch c n lm theo cc bc sau: 1. Kch nt Start Using SketchUp . 2. Ch n cng c Rectangle v v m t hnh ch nht n m ngang. 3. Ch n cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c v ko hnh ch nht ln thnh m t kh i lp ph ng. 4. T thanh cng c m r ng ch n cng c Offset ( m thanh cng c m r ng b ng cch ch n mc Large Tool Set t menu View nu n khng xut hi n). 5. Nhp vo b mt cc b n mu n offset. B mt s c la ch n khi b n nhp vo n. 6. Nhp kho ng cch offset m b n mu n. Trong v d ny, chng ti s nhp kho ng cch offset l 1m. B n g s 1 t bn phm. 7. Nh n Enter. M t hnh offset xut hi n, nh bn th y trong hnh 8.10.
Hnh 8.10: Offset v i kho ng cch chnh xc
Lp li lnh offset cho cc b mt khc nhau

B n c th l p l i lch offset trn cc b mt khc nhau v i m t ci kch chu t. y l cch n ho t ng, trong v d ny, chng ti s lp l i lch offset trn cc mt khc nhau ca m t kh i lp ph ng: 1. Kch nt Start Using SketchUp . 2. Ch n cng c Rectangle v v m t hnh ch nht n m ngang. 3. Ch n cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c v ko hnh ch nht ln thnh m t kh i lp ph ng. 4. T thanh cng c m r ng ch n cng c Offset ( m thanh cng c m r ng b ng cch ch n mc Large Tool Set t menu View nu n khng xut hi n). 103
Chng VIII
5. To m t hnh offset trn m t mt ca kh i lp phng. B n c th xem v d trong hnh 8.11.
Hnh 8.11: Offset m t mt 6. Di chu t ln trn b mt khc ca kh i lp phng, b mt m b n c n offset tng t v kch p chu t vo mt . Nh n p chut v ra m t hnh offset khc c kho ng cch offset b ng kho ng cch offset b n thc hi n v i b mt u tin, nh b n th y trong hnh 8.12.
Hnh 8.12: Offset m t b mt khc tng t b mt ban u Ch : Bn ch c th offset c cnh khi n cng vi cc cnh khc cu thnh nn m t b mt.
o khong cch v i cng c Tape Measure-lnh tt T

Cng c Tape Measure cho php b n o kho ng cch m t cch thu n ti n trong m hnh ca b n. Khi b n ang v s v phng to n ln, c th khng th thiu. Trong v d ny, chng ta s v m t hnh kh i v sau hy o kch thc m t mt ca n. y l cch thc hi n: 1. Kch nt Start Using SketchUp . 2. Ch n cng c Rectangle v v m t hnh ch nht n m ngang. 3. Ch n cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c v ko hnh ch nht ln thnh m t kh i lp ph ng. 104
Chng VIII
4. Ch n cng c Tape Measure trn thanh cng c c b n ( nh th hi n trong hnh 8.13 ). Cng c Tap Measure
Hnh 8.13: S dng cng c Tap Measure 5. Kch chu t tri vo m t cnh ca kh i lp phng. iu ny s neo mt u ca cng c Tap Measure t i v tr m b n nhp vo. 6. Di chuy n chu t n c nh i di n c a hnh kh i v d ng kho ng vi giy cho n khi xut hi n m t ToolTip xut hi n c nh v tr con tr chu t th hi n kho ng cch t i m u tin n i m b n d ng chu t trn). Bn c th th y trong hnh 8.13. B n c th th y r ng ca mt kh i lp ph ng hai v tr trong hnh 8.13 - trong m t ToolTip c nh cng c Tap Measure ( 1,704m ) v trong h p Value Control Box ( h p iu khi n gi tr , vit t t l VCB) pha d i bn ph i trong ca s SketchUp. B n xut hi n h p VCB bng cch ch n mc Measurements t menu ph Toolbar trong menu View. MO: Gi tr o lng lun lun hin hu Lu rng cc gi tr o lng trong nhn Tooltip bin mt sau mt lc, nhng n lun lun hi n th trong hp VCB v thay i khi bn di chut. MO: Thot khi cng c Tap Measure Sau khi bn nhn nt chu t v bt u di chuy n cng c Tap Measure trn bn v ca bn, n s tip tc o khong cch khi b n di chuyn chut. l iu tuyt vi nu bn c nhiu khong cch cn o lng, nhng cui cng bn s mun tt cc cng c Tap Measure i. thot khi n i bn hy chn mt cng c khc, hy vic ang o ti mt v tr hy nhn phm Esc hoc kch ti p mt ln chut tri.
To ng dn hng vi cng c Tape Measure

ng dn h ng l mt ng th ng nt chm t m b n c th s d ng sp xp cc i tng. Chng r t ti n d ng khi b n ang t o ra m t b n v v i nhiu i tng, v chng c m i quan h c bit v i nhau, ch ng hn nh chng cng n m hon ton trn m t hng. T t c vic b n ph i lm l s p xp cc c nh ca i t ng ln ng d n h ng c t o ra trn mt i tng no ( ngha l sp hng chng theo mt i tng no trong chng). Chng ta s xem cch thc hi n ny b ng cch s p xp ba kh i trong m t hng b ng cch s d ng ng h ng d n. y l cch th c hi n: 1. Kch nt Start Using SketchUp . 2. Ch n cng c Rectangle v v m t hnh ch nht n m ngang. 3. Ch n cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c v ko hnh ch nht ln thnh m t kh i lp ph ng. 105
Chng VIII 4. Ch n cng c Select trn thanh cng c.
5. V m t hnh ch nht la ch n xung quanh kh i lp phng. 6. Ch n Copy t menu Edit ho c s dng phm t t Ctrl+C. 7. Ch n Paste t menu Edit ho c s dng phm t t Ctrl+V. 8. Click chu t vo v tr m b n mu n c kh i l p ph ng m i xut hi n. 9. Lp l i cc bc t 4 n 8 t o ra kh i lp ph ng th ba. By gi b n c ba kh i, nh trong hnh 8.14.
Hnh 8.14: Ba kh i lp phng 10. Ch n cng c Tap Measure trn thanh cng c c b n. 11. Kch p vo mt i m thu c cnh trn mt trc ca m t trong cc hnh kh i. Mt ng dn h ng xu t hi n (miu t b i mt ng nt ch m t), nh trong hnh 8.15.
Hnh 8.15: Mt ng dn h ng 12. Ch n cng c Selec trn thanh cng c. 13. V m t hnh ch nht l a ch n xung quanh m t kh i m khng c ng d n h ng trn. 14. Ch n cng c Move trn thanh cng c. 15. Di chuy n sao cho c nh trn pha mt ngoi ca n nm trn ng d n h ng, nh th hi n trong hnh 8.16. 106
Chng VIII
Hnh 8.16: Xp xp m t kh i lp phng 16. Lp l i cc bc t 12 n 15 sp xp kh i lp ph ng th ba, nh hnh 8.17.
Hnh 8.17: Xp xp ba kh i lp phng
S dng ng dn hng xp xp cc i tng cch nhau mt khong xc nh

Trong phn trc, chng ta thm m t ng dn h ng v m t b n v c ba kh i lp ph ng v sp xp cc khi thnh m t hng. Nh ng nu bn cng mu n nh ng hnh kh i cch nhau m t kho ng chnh xc ( kho ng tr ng gia cc hnh khi c xc nh chnh xc) ? Chng ta s xem lm th no s dng ng dn h ng lm iu trong ph n ny. Nu b n cha hon thnh v d ph n trc, v y hy lm ngay chu n b cho v d ph n ny ny. V v y, lm th no t m t cnh b n c th v m t ng d n h ng v ng ny cch c nh m t kho ng c th ? y l cch b n lm iu , b ng cch s d ng ba kh i c v d trong phn trc : 1. Bt u v i ba kh i c s p xp trong m t hng t v d trc . 2. Ch n cng c Tap Measure trn thanh cng c c b n. 107
Chng VIII
3. Nhp vo cnh trn bn ph i c a kh i lp ph ng n m gia. iu ny s neo im u ca cng c Tap Measure. 4. Di chuy n chu t ra kh i kh i gia v h ng v pha kh i bn ph i. iu ny s ko ra m t ng d n h ng t c nh trn bn ph i ca kh i lp phng gi a v ng ny song song v i c nh . B n c th ko ng dn h ng t i bt k kho ng cch no b n mu n. Trong v d ny, chng ta s th y lm th no ko n ra ng 3 m. 5. Nhp kho ng cch m b n mun ng dn h ng cch cnh ban u. Trong v d ny chng ta s nhp kho ng cch b ng 3 m. B n g s 3 t bn phm. 6. Nh n Enter. ng dn h ng s c nh t i v tr m n cch c nh trn bn ph i ca kh i lp phng l 3 m, ging nh b n th y trong hnh 8.18.
Hnh 8.18: T o ng dn h ng m i 7. Ch n cng c Select trn thanh cng c. 8. V m t hnh ch nht bao quanh kh i lp phng ngoi c ng bn ph i ( kh i lp phng g n b n nht). 9. Ch n cng c Move trn thanh cng c. 10. Di chuy n kh i lp phng sao cho cnh trn bn tri ca kh i ny n m trn ng dn h ng v v n th ng hng v i kh i gia, khi kho ng cch gia n v i kh i gia l 3m. 11. Ch n cng c Tap Measure trn thanh cng c c b n. 12. Nhp vo c nh trn bn tri c a kh i lp ph ng n m gi a. iu ny s neo im u ca cng c Tap Measure. 13. Di chuy n chu t ra kh i kh i gia v h ng v pha kh i bn tri. iu ny s ko ra m t ng d n h ng t c nh trn bn tri ca kh i lp phng gia v ng ny song song v i cnh . 14. Nhp kho ng cch m b n mun ng dn h ng cch c nh ban u. Trong v d ny chng ta s nhp kho ng cch b ng 3 m. B n g s 3 t bn phm. 15. Nh n Enter. ng dn h ng s c nh t i v tr m n cch c nh trn bn tri ca kh i lp phng l 3 m. 16. Ch n cng c Select trn thanh cng c. 17. V m t hnh ch nht bao quanh kh i lp phng ngoi cng bn tri ( kh i lp phng xa b n nht). 108
Chng VIII 18. Ch n cng c Move trn thanh cng c.
19. Di chuy n kh i lp phng sao cho cnh trn bn ph i c a kh i ny n m trn ng dn h ng v v n th ng hng v i kh i gia, khi kho ng cch gia n v i kh i gia l 3m. By gi cc kh i ca b n trong cng m t hng, v cch u nhau, nh b n th y trong hnh 8.19.
Hnh 8.19: Ba kh i trong cng m t hng v cch u nhau
Xa ng dn hng
Trong hai v d trc , bn t o ra m t s ng d n h ng m b n s d ng sp xp ba kh i. By gi cc ng d n h ng hon thnh mc ch ca chng, b n c th lo i b chng? C, bn c th. Ch c n lm theo cc bc sau: 1. Bt u v i ba kh i c s p xp trong m t hng v cch u nhau. 2. Ch n cng c Eraser trn thanh cng c c bn. 3. Click v gi chu t r i ko chu t ln trn cc ng dn h ng trong b n v. Khi b n lm th, cc ng dn h ng s c xo, nh b n th y trong hnh 8.20.
Hnh 8.20: Xa cc ng dn h ng
109
Chng IX
Chng IX. Ghi kch thc, o gc v to mt ct ngang ca m hnh
110
Chng IX
Trong chng ny, chng ta s xem xt ba cng c quan trng ca SketchUp- Cng c ghi kch thc-Dimention , cng c o gc-Protractor, v cng c ct-Section. Cc cng c Dimention cho php b n hi n th cc kch thc ca cc i tng trong m hnh ca b n, nh b n c th nhn th y trong hnh 9.1.
Hnh 9.1: Th hin kch thc ca hnh Cc cng c ghi kch thc Dimention l m t cng c tuyt v i khi b n ang t o ra cc b n v quy ho ch, ch ng h n nh quy ho ch ki n trc, v c n ph i ch ra cc kch thc. Cc cng c o gc Protractor cho php b n o cc gc khc v i cng c Tap Measure ( xem chng 8 ) ch cho php b n o chiu di cc c nh. B n s d ng cng c Protractor o gc ho c t o ng d n h ng theo gc c th. l hu ch nu b n c cc i t ng trong b n v ca b n m i tng cn ph i t o m t gc chnh xc t i cc i t ng khc, nh d c ca mi nh i v i ph n cn l i ca ngi nh. Cu i cng, chng ta s xem xt cng c ct Section. Cng c ny cho php b n t o mt ct cho php th y r cu trc bn trong cc m hnh c a b n. B ng cch ny, cc m hnh ph c t p c th c th c hi n r rng h n b ng cch c t ngang m hnh v lm cho b n nhn thy c bn trong ca ph n m hnh cn l i. Tt c i u ny s c thc hi n trong chng ny.
Ghi kch thc di

Cng c Dimension cho php b n o v thm nhn ghi kch thc trn i tng th hin kch thc ca n. l c bit hu ch khi b n ang v b n v quy ho ch m cc s o kch thc l quan tr ng, ch ng h n nh b n v quy ho ch ki n trc s c s dng trong xy d ng thc t . i v i cc v d trong chng ny, chng ta l i s s d ng mu Engineering-Metes m chng ta s dng trc y. y l cch s d ng cng c Dimension o v ghi kch thc m t kh i lp ph ng: 1. Nhp vo Start Using SketchUp . 2. Ch n cng c Rectangle v v m t hnh ch nht n m ngang. 3. Ch n cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c v ko hnh ch nht ln thnh m t kh i lp ph ng. 4. Ch n Toolbars t menu View. iu ny m ra m t menu ph. 5. Ch n mc Large Tool Set t menu ph. i u ny m ra thanh cng m r ng. 6. Ch n cng c Dimension trn thanh cng c ( nh trong hnh 9.2 ). 111
Chng IX Cng c Dimention
Hnh 9.2: Ghi kch thc ca mt cnh b ng cng c Dimention 7. Nhp vo m t cnh ca hnh kh i. 8. Ko m t ng ghi kch thc ra xa c nh. B n c th th y iu ny trng gi ng nh trong hnh 9.2. 9. Kch chut c nh ng ghi kch thc t i ch . 10. Lp l i cc bc 7 v 8 cho cc c nh khc c a hnh kh i. B n c th xem kt qu trong hnh 9.3.
Hnh 9.3: Cc kch th c c ghi trn kh i lp phng MO: Ghi kch thc gia hai im bt k Bn cng c th ghi mt kch thc gia hai i m bt k trong bn v, khng phi l mt cnh. lm c iu , chn cng c Dimensioni , nhn vo im u tin, v sau nhp vo im th hai.
Ghi kch thc cung trn

Cng c Dimension cng cho php b n ghi kch thc cho cc vng cung, khng ch i v i c nh th ng. Thc hi n theo cc bc sau: 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp . 2. Ch n cng c Arc. 3. V m t vng cung. 112
Chng IX
4. T thanh cng c m r ng ch n cng c Dimention ( m thanh cng c m r ng b ng cch ch n mc Large Tool Set t menu View nu n khng xut hi n). 5. Nhp vo vng cung. Cng c Dimension s hi n th bn knh ca vng cung, c ch R trc s . 9. Kch chut c nh ng ghi kch th c t i ch . B n c th th y i u ny trng gi ng nh trong hnh 9.4.
Hnh 9.4: Ghi kch thc m t cung
ng bng ng ghi kch thc

Khi b n thay i kch thc m t i t ng m c cc ng ghi kch thc g n li n v i n, khi theo mc nh s li u hi n th kch thc trn ng ghi kch thc s cp nht v i chiu di m i. Tuy nhin, b n c th kha s liu hi n th kch thc trn ng ghi kch th c n s khng thay i d c thay i kch thc cc i t ng bao nhiu ln i n a. y l cch thc hi n: 1. Nhp vo Start Using SketchUp . 2. Ch n cng c Rectangle v v m t hnh ch nht n m ngang. 3. Ch n cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c v ko hnh ch nht ln thnh m t kh i lp phng. 4. Ch n cng c Dimension trn thanh cng c m r ng. 5. Nhp vo m t cnh ca hnh kh i. 6. Ko chut ra xa c nh t o ra m t ng ghi kch thc. 7. Kch chut c nh ng ghi kch thc t i ch . S liu hi n th kch thc trn ng ghi kch thc th hi n chiu di c a c nh b n g n n vo, nh th hi n trong hnh 9.5. 8. Ch n cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c. 9. Ko kh i lp ph ng ln theo h ng d c ln trn nh b n th y trong hnh 9.6. Lu r ng cc s liu hi n th kch thc trn ng ghi kch thc s thay i cho tng ng v i chiu cao m i. 10. Ch n cng c Select trn thanh cng c. 11. Kch p vo s liu hi n th kch thc trn ng ghi kch thc. 12. Nhp gi tr chiu di m i m b n mu n kha n. Trong v d ny, chng ti s nhp gi tr l 3,584 m. Ni chung, b n nhp chiu di v sau l n v. By gi ng ghi kch th c s hi n th l 3,584 m, b n c th th y trong hnh 9.7, 113
Chng IX
v n s khng thay i khi b n tip t c thay i kch thc cc i t ng.
Hnh 9.5: Kh i lp phng vi ng ghi kch thc
Hnh 9.6: Thay i kch th c kh i lp phng
Hnh 9.7: Kha s liu hi n th kch thc 114
Chng IX
Thay i nh dng ng ghi kch thc

B n nhn th y cc Font v style m c nh ca s liu hi n th kch thc trn ng ghi kch thc trong v d trc v b n c th khng thch n. May m n thay, b n c th thay i n. V d, trong nhi m v ny, chng ta s thay i Font c s d ng th hi n t Tahoma c ch 12 mc nh sang Font Times New Roman c ch 18 ( ho c Font v c ch khc m h iu hnh ca b n h tr ). 1. Nhp vo Start Using SketchUp . 2. Ch n cng c Rectangle v v m t hnh ch nht n m ngang. 3. Ch n cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c v ko hnh ch nht ln thnh m t kh i lp phng. 4. Ch n cng c Dimension trn thanh cng c m r ng. 5. Nhp vo m t cnh ca hnh kh i. 6. Ko chut ra xa c nh t o ra m t ng ghi kch thc. 7. Kch chut c nh ng ghi kch thc t i ch . 8. Ch n Model Info t menu Window. iu ny s m h p tho i Model. 9. Nhp vo mc Dimensions bn tri trong h p tho i Model Info. iu ny m ra cc thit lp ca ng chi kch thc, nh b n th y trong hnh 9.8.
Hnh 9.8: H p tho i thit lp ng chi kch th c 10. Nhp vo nt Select All Dimentions. 11. Nhp vo nt Font . iu ny s m h p tho i Font , nh b n th y trong hnh 9.9.
Hnh 9.9: H p tho i Font 12. Ch n Font Times New Roman ( ho c Font khc c h tr trn h th ng ca b n ). 13. Ch n c ch 18 (tch chon Points). Ho c bn c th nhp chiu cao ch khi tch ch n Height . 115
Chng IX 14. Click OK .
15. Nhp vo nt Update Seleted Dimentions cp nht cho cc ng ghi kch thc c trong b n v. 16. Nh n vo nt X pha trn bn ph i trong h p tho i Model Info ng n. Font ch c a s liu hi n th kch thc trn ng ghi kch thc ca b n o s thay i ph hp v i cc thit lp m i c a b n. MO: Thit lp kiu mi tn ca ng ghi kch thc Lu rng bn cng c th thit lp kiu mi tn c s dng trong ng ghi kch thc. Ch cn chn nhng kiu mi tn mi m bn mun t danh sch th xung trong hp Leader Lines trong mc Dimentions ca hp thoi Model Info . Nhp vo nt Update Seleted Dimentions cp nht cho cc ng ghi kch thc c trong bn v.
o gc
Cng c Protractor l m t cng c rt tt o cc gc. Gi s b n c i t ng c m t gc mt bn, nh b n th y trong hnh 9.10. By gi gi s r ng b n mu n o r ng ca gc . Lm th no b n c th lm i u ?
Hnh 9.10: i tng c m t gc mt bn B n c th s d ng cng c Protractor. Cng c ny dng o gc cn cng c Tap Measure dng o chiu di. xem cch n thc hi n, hy theo cc bc sau: 1. Nhp vo Start Using SketchUp . 2. Ch n cng c Rectangle v v m t hnh ch nht n m ngang. 3. Ch n cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c v ko hnh ch nht ln thnh m t kh i lp phng. 4. Ch n cng c Line trn thanh cng c. 5. V m t ng th ng ng trn mt bn ph i c a hnh kh i. 6. Ch n cng c Move trn thanh cng c. 7. Ko c nh bn ph i- hai b mt c cha c nh trn s b ko ra cho n khi i t ng ca b n trng gi ng nh hnh 9.10 th kch chu t. 8. Ch n Toolbars t menu View. iu ny m ra m t menu ph. 9. Ch n mc Large Tool Set t menu ph. i u ny m ra thanh cng m r ng. 10. Ch n cng c Protractor trn thanh cng c m r ng ( nh trong hnh 10.11). 11. Nhp vo nh ca gc m b n d ki n o. Mt thc o gc s xut hi n v tr b n nhp vo, nh th hi n trong hnh 9.11. Trng n gi ng v i b xoay khi s dng cng c Rotate. 116
Chng IX Cng c Protractor
Hnh 9.11: Cng c Protractor khi s dng 12. Nhp vo m t trong cc cnh t o nn gc. 13. Nhp vo cnh khc cn l i t o nn gc . Mt ng ch m ko di t nh ca gc ch y qua c nh th hai c a gc, nh b n th y trong hnh 9.12. B n c th xem gi tr ca gc c o trong h p Value Control Box (VCB). V gi tr gc th hi n h p tho i VCB trong v d trn l: 124,4 .
Hnh 9.12: o gi tr m t gc
To ng dn hng theo gc xc nh
Bn cng c th t o ra cc ng d n h ng cc gc xc nh. Hy xem hai kh i hnh 9.13. Gi s b n c n s p xp chng sao cho b mt ng sau ca kh i l p ph ng n m bn ph i t o thnh gc l 145 so v i b mt bn ph i ca kh i l p ph ng bn tri, nh th hi n trong hnh 9.14. Lm th no b n c th di chuy n cc kh i p ng c yu cu ny? B n s d ng cng c Protractor v ng d n h ng v ng t o v i b mt bn ph i ca c nh bn tri m t gc 145. y l cch thc hi n: 117
Chng IX
Hnh 9.13: Hai kh i lp phng trong b n v
Hnh 9.14: Kh i lp phng c sp xp theo m t gc xc nh 1. Nhp vo Start Using SketchUp . 2. Ch n cng c Rectangle v v m t hnh ch nht n m ngang. 3. Ch n cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c v ko hnh ch nht ln thnh m t kh i lp phng. 4. Ch n cng c Select trn thanh cng c. 5. V m t hnh ch nht la ch n xung quanh kh i lp phng. 6. Ch n mc Copy trn menu Edit . 7. Ch n mc Paste trn menu Edit . 8. Kch chu t vo v tr m b n mu n kh i lp ph ng m i xut hi n. 9. T thanh cng c m r ng ch n cng c Protractor. 10. Nhp vo nh trn cng bn ph i ca kh i bn tri. M t thc o gc s xu t hi n v tr b n nhp vo, nh th hi n trong hnh 9.15. 11. Nhp vo cnh trn ca mt bn ph i ca kh i lp phng bn tri. 12. Di chuy n chu t theo hng b n mu n t o gc dn h ng ca mnh xut hi n. 13. G gi tr gc m b n mu n ng d n h ng xut hi n. Trong v d ny, chng ta s s dng 145 , do g 145. 118
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Hnh 9.15: S dng cng c Protractor 14. Nhn Enter. Mt ng dn h ng xu t hi n v n hp v i c nh trn ca mt bn ph i thu c kh i lp phng bn tri m t gc 1450 , bn c th th y trong hnh 9.15. 15. S d ng cng c Move v Rotate di chuy n kh i lp phng bn tri vo v tr sao cho cnh trn ca mt sau trn hnh lp phng bn tri n m trn ng d n h ng, nh th hi n trong hnh 9.16.
Hnh 9.16: Sp xp kh i lp phng 16. S d ng cng c Eraser xa ng d n h ng. B n hon thnh b n v gi ng nh b n v trc th hi n trong hnh 9.14. MO: V mi nh c dc bit trc Nu bn mun v mt mi nh c dc bit trc? Trong qu trnh dng ng dn hng bng cng c Protractor, sau khi bn kch vo cnh l cnh ban u c u thnh nn gc, thay v nhp gi tr gc l bao nhiu th bn c th nhp dc, l hai s cch nhau b ng du hai chm. V d, mi c dc 6:12 th bn c th nhp trn bn phm l 6:12 v sau nhn phm Enter.
119
Chng IX
To mt ct quan st cu trc bn trong m hnh

SketchUp cho php b n quan st cu trc bn trong m hnh b ng cch ct m hnh. Gi s b n c m t m hnh ca m t xe my, nh trong Hnh 9.17. Nh v i bt k m hnh phc t p no, b n u mu n quan st cu trc bn trong c a n v hi n th n ra. Bn c th lm iu v i cng c Section Pane. Ch c n lm theo cc bc sau:
Hnh 9.17: M hnh chic m t 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp . 2. V m hnh b ng cch t i n trn th vi n 3D Warehouse. 3. Ch n mc Toolbars trn menu View. i u ny m ra m t menu ph. 4. Ch n mc Large Tool Set trn menu ph. iu ny m ra thanh cng c m r ng. 5. Ch n cng c Section Pane trn thanh cng c m r ng ( nh trong hnh 9.18 ). 6. Di chuy n cng c Section Pane trn m hnh ca b n. Cng c Section Pane s v ra m t mt ph ng v n s nh h ng v i b t k b mt bn d i no m n trn. 7. Nh n vo khi b n ch n ph n c n c t v i cng c Section Pane. B n c th xem m t v d trong hnh 9.18. Cng c Section Pane
Hnh 9.18: Ct ngang m hnh b ng cng c Section Pane
120
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o chiu hng ct
Theo mc nh, cng c Section Pane s ct i ph n trn v gi phn d i ca m hnh. Nh ng thay v b n c th thay i ngc l i lm cho n ct b ph n d i ca m hnh. Ch c n lm theo cc bc sau: 1. Nhp vo nt Start Using SketchUp . 2. V m hnh b ng cch t i n trn th vi n 3D Warehouse. 3. Ch n cng c Section Pane trn thanh cng c m r ng. 4. Di chuy n cng c Section Pane trn m hnh ca b n. Cng c Section Pane s v ra m t mt ph ng v n s nh h ng v i b t k b mt bn d i no m n trn. 5. Nh n vo khi b n ch n ph n c n ct v i cng c Section Pane. 6. Kch chu t ph i vo mt ct ct ngang qua m hnh, mt ct c b n hnh mi tn ch h ng xung d i bn nh. M t menu ng cnh xut hi n. 7. Ch n mc Reverse trong menu ng c nh. Cc ph n bn trn ca m hnh b ct b l i xut hi n, v ph n bn d i c nhn th y l i bi n mt, b n c th th y trong v d hnh 9.19.
Hnh 9.19: o chiu h ng ct
121
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Chng X. Cc cng c cn li trn thanh cng c m rng
122
Chng X
Trong chng ny, chng ta s xem xt cc cng c cn li trn thanh cng c m rng. Cng c v trc t a -Axes, cng c quan st xung quanh Look around , cng c i b Walk v v tr t camera-Position Camera. Cng c Axes cho php b n di chuyn cc tr c v. Cng c ny th ng c s dng khi xy dng cc hnh ch nht nm trong m t mt ph ng bt k trong khng gian ( khng thuc mt phng x-y, x-z hoc y-z) b ng cng c Rectangle, hoc scale chnh xc i tng m khng c nh hng c theo nhng mt phng mc nh khi s dng lnh Scale. B ba cng c Walk, Look Around v Position Camera cung c p cho bn kh nng di chuyn v quan st bn trong m hnh i tng ging nh khi bn ang ngoi ng v bn mun i vo mt ngi nh v quan st n i tht bn trong n v y. Trong : Cng c Walk i b cung cp cho bn kh nng di chuyn gia cc m hnh c a bn ging nh khi bn i do trong cng vin v y. Cng c Look Around cung cp kh nng quan st xung quanh m hnh ca b n ti mt v tr c nh, n ho t ng tng t nh mt ngi ng yn trong khi u c quay ln, xung ( nghing ) quan st pha bn, bn kia v xung quanh. Cn cng Posion Camera thit lp cho b n v tr v cao quan st.
Cng c Axes.
Khi bn bt u s dng SketchUp, trong khng gian mi trng lm vi c theo mc nh c mt h trc ta vi trc X-mu , tr c Y-mu xanh l cy v tr c Z-mu xanh da tri v mt hnh ngi. Cc cng c Axes cho php b n thit l p l i h thng tr c ta mc nh ny. s d ng cng c Axes, nhp chut vo mt im lm im gc c a h trc ta mi - im c ta (0,0,0), sau di chuyn chut xc nh hng ca trc X- mu . Nh p v di chuyn chut mt ln n a xc nh h ng ca trc Y- mu xanh l cy. V khi h trc ta mc nh s di chuyn v xoay t i v tr mi. Bn nn nm vng cng c ny v n rt c ch khi b n mun s dng linh hot cng c Flip Along mirror i tng ( to i tng i x ng). y l cch thc hin: 1. Nhp vo Start Using SketchUp . 2. Chn cng c Rectangle v v mt hnh ch nht nm ngang (nh trong hnh 10.1).
Hnh 10.1: S dng cng c Rectangle v mt hnh ch nht 3. Chn cng c Push/Pull trn thanh cng c v ko hnh ch nht ln thnh m t khi lp phng. Ri s dng cng c Line v mt ng th ng ni gia hai trung im 123
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ca hai c nh thuc mt trn cng c a khi lp phng ta s c nh hnh 10.2.
Hnh 10.2: Khi lp phng v mt ng th ng mt trn cng 4. S dng cng c Move di chuyn ng thng trn ta s c nh hnh 10.3. 5. La chn cng c Axes trn thanh cng c m rng ( xem hnh 10.3). Con tr chut s thay i sang bi u tng mt h ta nh c 3 trc vi ba mu , xanh l cy v xanh da tri. Cng c Axes
Hnh 10.3: Cng c Axes 6. Di chuyn con tr n mt im trong m hnh c a b n m bn mu n n tr thnh gc ta mi. Trong v d ny chng ta s chn im trn ngoi cng bn ph i c a b mt gn chng ta nh t ( nh trong hnh 10.4). 7. Kch chut thi t lp g c ta mi. 8. Di chuyn con tr ra xa gc to xc nh hng cho trc X- mu . Trong v d ny chng ta s chn hng tr c X song song vi cnh nm ngang ca b m t ngoi cng bn phi. 9. Di chuyn chu t n im ngoi cng bn trn c a b mt xa chng ta nh t v kch chut xc nh n hng trc X ( nh hnh 10.5). 124
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Hnh 10.4: Chn v tr c a gc ta mi
Hnh 10.5: Xc nhn hng cho tr c X-mu 10. Tng t nh v y chng ta xc nh n hng ca trc Y song song v i cnh cho ca b mt gn chng ta nh t. 11. Di chut v kch ln nh gc nhn c a b mt gn chng ta nh t nh trong hnh 10.6. Kch chu t xc nhn hng ca trc Y. Mo: Hy l nh Axes Bn c th hy vic th c hin lnh Axes trong khi ang thc hi n tr v nh ban u bng cch nhn phm ESC. 12. Khi h ta mc nh s di chuyn ti v tr gc ta mi v xoay cc tr c ta theo cc hng m ta chn. Xem hnh 10.7. Mo: Khi phc li v tr ban u ca h trc ta theo m c nh Bn c th khi phc h trc to thay i v v tr v hng ban u theo mc nh bng cch kch chu t phi ln bt k trc no cng c ca h ta ti v tr mi ( ln trc X, trc Y hoc Z) v ch n Reset t menu ng cnh xut hi n bn phi con tr chut. 13. S dng cng c Rectangle v mt hnh ch nht m n nm cng m t ph ng vi mt phng n m nghing ca i tng nh hnh 10.8. 125
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Hnh 10.6: Xc nhn hng cho tr c Y-mu xanh l cy
Hnh 10.7: H trc ta di chuyn ti v tr mi
Hnh 10.8: S dng cng c Rectang v thm mt hnh ch nh t 126
Chng X
Cng c Position Camera

y l cng c cung cp cho bn v tr ng v cao mt quan st xung quanh. C hai phng php t v tr quan st . Phng php t mt quan st t i mt v tr c cao mc nh v quan st theo hng mc nh-phng php nhn ngang tm mt ( theo mc nh l ti cao 1676,4 mm hay 5 6 ty vo n v v h ng mc nh l nhn su vo bn trong khung nhn). Phng php th hai l t ti mt im v nhn theo mt hng xc nh phng php nhn theo hng xc nh. Phng php nhn ngang tm m t: y l cch thc hin: 1. Nhp vo Start Using SketchUp . 2. Dng cng c Rectangle, Circle v cng c Polygon v cc hnh nh trong hnh 10.9.
Hnh 10.9: S d ng cc cng c c bn dng hnh 3. S dng cng c Push/Pull ko ba hnh trong hnh ch nh t thnh cc hnh 3D c chi u cao l 1800 mm ( xem hnh 10.10).
Hnh 10.10: S dng cng c Push/Pull dng hnh 3D 4. Kch chn cng c Position Camera , khi con tr chut thay i sang bi u tng hnh ngi c d y gch cho di ( nh hnh 10.11). V di chuyn con tr chut ti v tr nm gia ba hnh l p phng, lng tr v tr trn nh hnh 10.11. 127
Chng X Cng c Position Camera
Hnh 10.11: Cng c Position Camera 5. Kch chut. Khi m hnh s c zoom to ln v pha bn trong ( pha hnh tr trn) v cng c Position camera s chuyn sang cng c Look Around ( hnh i mt) quan st xung quanh. Xem hnh 10.12.
Hnh 10.12: Sau khi kch chu t Khi mt quan st s c t trn mt m t phng song song vi mt phng x-y (mt phng to bi trc mu v xanh l cy) v mt ph ng ny n m cao 1676,4 mm so vi gc ta . Ging nh mt ngi ng gi a ba m hnh trn ( ng ti v tr kch chut) v m t ngi c t cao 1676,4 mm v nhn ngang v pha su trong mn hnh nn ch th y hnh tr trn. Cc b n nn thay i v tr t s hiu r hn. Mo: Thay i cao quan st. Bn c th thay i cao quan st b ng m t cao khc v i cao mc nh 1676,4 mm bng cch nh p trc tip mt gi tr no vo hp thoi VCB gc di bn tri ca s lm vi c ca SketchUp. Phng php nhn v m t hng: y l cch thc hin: 1. Nhp vo Start Using SketchUp . 2. Lp li cc b c 2,3 v 4 trn. 3. Kch chu t vo im gia ba m hnh 3D trn nhng vn gi phm chut tri 128
Chng X
khng th ra v d chu t ti cnh trn c a hnh lp phng nh trong hnh 10.13.
Hnh 10.13: Kch nhng vn gi phm tri c a chu t 4. Kch chut. Khi m hnh s c zoom to ln v pha nh ca hnh lp phng v cng c Position camera s chuyn sang cng c Look Around ( hnh i mt) quan st xung quanh. Xem hnh 10.14.
Hnh 10.14: Sau khi kch chu t Khi mt quan st s c t ngay t i v tr kch chu t ( cao quan st bng 0) v hng nhin theo hng t v tr kch chu t u tin ti v tr kch chu t th hai nn khung nhn th hin nh ca hnh lp phng pha m bn kch chut ln. Khi trng ging nh khi bn ang ng di chn mt ta nh cao tng v ngc nhn ln trn nh ca n.
Cng c Walk
Cng c ny ni theo m t cch nm na l cng c i do. V y cng c ny dng lm g trong SketchUp ? Gi s ta lp m hnh m t ngi nh c mi v sn nh, bn trong ngi nh l ta b tr ni tht, v y lm cch no m ta c th quan st ni tht bn trong ngi nh nh trong hnh 10.15? Cng c Walk s gip bn lm iu ny. Cng c walk hot ng ging nh mt 129
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ngi i b t bn ngoi, i qua cc ca v vo bn trong cn phng quan st n i th t.
Hnh 10.15: Ngi nh c n i tht bn trong y l cch thc hin: 1. Nhp vo Start Using SketchUp . 2. S dng cng c Rectangle v mt hnh ch nht n m ngang v i kch thc 4000x4000 mm, v s dng cng c Push/Pull ko hnh ch nht ln thnh hnh l p phng vi cao l 100 mm. Ta c nh trong hnh 10.16.
Hnh 10.16: Hnh lp phng c kch thc 4000x4000x100 mm 3. Dng cng c Line v tng bao quanh phng dy 220mm, tng trong dy 110 mm, ca ngoi rng 1000 mm, c a trong r ng 800 mm, hnh lang r ng 1000 mm. Ta s c nh trong hnh 10.17. 4. S dng cng c Push/Pull ko b c t ng ln vi cao l 2000 mm. Xem hnh 10.18. 5. Dng cng c Orbit xoay hnh. Ri chn hai component l Bed v Couch trong th vin components s n c ca SketchUp nh trong hnh 10.19. 6. S dng cng c Rectangle v mt hnh ch nht n m ngang v i kch thc 4000x4000 mm, v s dng cng c Push/Pull ko hnh ch nht ln thnh hnh l p phng vi cao l 100 mm. Ta c nh trong hnh 10. 20. 7. S dng lnh Move di chuyn hnh l p phng mi to ln im trn cng ca bc tng ta c mi nh nh trong hnh 10.21. 130
Chng X
Hnh 10.17: V chn tng bao quanh v c a
Hnh 10.18: Dng cng c Push/Pull to thnh cc b c tng
Hnh 10.19: Orbit v chn cc components 131
Chng X
Hnh 10.20: V mi nh
Hnh 10.21: Ngi nh c mi v n i th t bn trong 8. Chn cng c Walk trn thanh cng c m rng ( xem hnh 10.22). Khi con tr chut s thay i thnh hnh i gi y ( mt y ca i gi y). V t i hp tho i VCB s hin ra cao mt quan st ca bn, tt nht l nn nh p li cao mt quan st cho ph hp, y chng ta nhp l 1500 mm. Sau kch mt im l im bt t u i, khi xut hin mt ch thp bn cnh du gi y. Bn c gi phm tri chu t v di chuyn chut i vo bn trong bng cch i qua ca chnh ri r tri, n cui hnh lang r phi i qua ca nh vo phng c n i tht. Cch trn th c hin rt kh nn ti ngh cch tt nht s dng cng c ny l sau khi bn chn cng c Walk t thanh cng c m rng, b n thi t lp li cao mt quan st bng cch nh p mt gi tr mi vo hp thoi VCB gc di bn tri ca s lm vic ca SketchUp. Sau s d ng cc phm ln- i v pha trc , xung- li v sau, tri- r tri v phi- r phi. Khi trng ging nh l khi b n ang tham gia mt tr chi bn sng vi gc nhn th nht. Ch : Bn khng th i xuyn qua tng. Ging nh mt ngi i b nn bn khng c kh nng i xuyn qua tng, ngha l bn mun vo phng c n i tht th phi i qua ca v hnh lang. 132
Chng X Cng c Walk
Hnh 10.22: Cng c Walk Mo: Trong khi thc hin cng c Walk bn c th nhn v gi phm Ctrl tng tc i b, khi ging nh l bn ang chy vy. Nh n v gi phm Shift kt hp vi phm ln hoc xung thay i cao ca mt quan st, kt hp vi phm sang ngang thay i v tr ng quan st hin ti ( c th xuyn qua tng). V khi bn nhn v gi phm gia c a chut th cng c Walk s chuyn sang cng c Look Around c hnh i mt.
Cng c Look Around

Sau khi kt thc vi c thc hin cng c Position Camera th SketchUp t ng chuyn sang cng c Look Around , v khi ang thc hin cng c Walk nu bn nhn v gi phm chut gi a th SketchUp cng t ng chuyn sang cng c Look Around . Vy cng c Look Around c chc nng g ? Cng c Look Around ging nh mt i mt c gn trn mt ci u v ci u c th quay sang tri, sang ph i, ngc ng sau, pha trc v hng ln trn, hng xung di nhng khng di chuyn sang v tr khc gip bn quan st xung quanh v tr . s d ng cng c ny bn ch cn di chuyn chut n v tr cn quan st. Bn c th chn cng c Look Around trc tip trn thanh cng c m rng, l cng c c bi u tng l i mt.
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Sach Hoc SketchUp 8 Phan I

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Chng I

Chng I. Tng quan v Sketchup

Hnh 1.3: H p tho i Instructor

S dng cng c xoay theo qu o Orbit

Hnh 1.6: S dng cng c Orbit

S dng cng c Pan

chuyn chng t bn ny sang bn kia v ln hoc xung.

S dng cng c Zoom ( phng to hay thu nh ).

Hnh 1.9: La ch n mu EngineeringFeet

Hnh 1.10: La ch n hnh ngi 8

Hiu v cc trc trong SketchUp

Hiu v cc cnh (Edges) v b mt (Surfaces).

Hnh 1.12: Cnh v b mt

Hnh 1.13: V hai on th ng

Chng I th y m t on thng c v ra nh trong hnh 1,15. Cng c Line

Cnh suy lun

V ng thng bng cng c Line -lnh tt L

Hnh 2.1: Mt cnh m i

V hnh gm nhiu on thng lin tip

Hnh 2.2: V hnh g m nhiu cnh lin tip

V hnh ch nht b ng cng c Rectangle-Lnh tt R.

Hnh 2.3: V mt hnh ch nht 19

V hnh ch nht bit kch thc cho trc

V hnh trn b ng cng c Circle-Lnh tt C

V hnh trn vi bn knh cho trc

Chng II trong hnh trn nh m t b mt.

V a gic bng cng c Polygon

Hnh 2.6: V mt a gic 22

V hnh a gic vi s liu cho sn

Thit lp s cch cho a gic v hnh trn

Hnh 2.7: V mt a gic l tam gic

nh hng khi v hnh

Hnh 2.9: Hnh trn v i s thay i nh hng

Ly cc thng tin, thng s ca hnh bt k

Hnh 2.10: Ly thng tin ca mt hnh 25

Hnh 2.11: Ly thng v cc cnh ca mt hnh

Chng III. V hnh hc: Cung trn, v t do, chn vn bn v vn bn 3D

Cung trn Arc, v t do-Freehand, v chn vn bn-Text

V cung trn bng cng c Arc-Lnh tt A

V cung trn v i kch thc cho trc

V cung trn ti p tuyn vi 1 gc

Hnh 3.4: Sau khi hon thi n bo gc

V lin tip cc cung trn ti p xc vi nhau ( Xon c)

Hnh 3.5: Nhiu cung trn n i nhau lin tip 31

Thit lp s o n thng cho cung trn

Hnh 3.6: Mt cung trn g m nm o n thng

Dng cng c freehand v cc b mt

Hnh 3.8: V cc b mt b ng cng c Freehand

Chn vn bn bng cng c Text

Chng III Cng c Text

To on vn bn ch thch cho i tng v

Hnh 3.11: on vn b n ch thch cho m t m hnh.

Thit lp cc thuc tnh ca vn bn nhp

3D, thit lp thng s Extruded thnh 0 ( xem bc 6 ). Cng c 3D Text

Chng IV. To m hnh 3D

Ko i tng thnh m hnh 3D bng lnh Push/Pull- lnh tt l P.

Chng IV 2. V m t hnh. Cng c Push/Pull

y i tng thnh m hnh 3D

Hnh 4.3: Mt hnh lp ph ng v i m t hnh trn trn b mt

Hnh 4.4: Ko m t hnh trn thnh m t hnh tr

S dng cng c Push/Pull vi s liu cho trc

Hnh 4.6: Mt hnh tr c kch thc cho trc

Suy lu n vi cng c Push/Pull

Hnh 4.8: To hai kh i lp phng c chiu cao bng nhau.