Chuyn : Lu hunh v hp cht

Chuyen e: LU HUYNH VA HP CHAT I/. KIEN THC C BAN: 1/. ac iem cau tao: Nguyen t S thuoc phan nhom chnh nhom VI (VIA), co 6e ngoai cung ns 2np4 De nhan 2e, the hien tnh oxi hoa, ac biet khi S phan ng vi kim loai manh (Na2S) Gop chung 2e tao 2 lien ket cong hoa tr, khi S phan ng vi phi kim (H 2S) S cung co the tao them 2 lien ket cho nhan sau khi gop chung 2e vi nguyen t khac (SO3, H2SO4), trong trng hp nay, S co so oxi hoa dng. 2/. Tnh oxi hoa kh cua S va SO2. S hay SO2 cha S mang so oxi hoa trung gian nen va co tnh oxi hoa (khi tac dung vi chat kh), va the hien tnh kh (khi tac dung vi chat oxi hoa). Tnh oxi hoa Tnh kh S S oxi hoa khi loai (tr Au, Pt) thanh sunfua kim loai hoa tr thap. Fe + S FeS S + O2 SO2 S oxi hoa phi kim co o S + 2H2SO4 3SO2 + 2H2O am ien kem hn S (tr S + 4HNO3 SO2 + 4NO2 + 2H2O N2, I2). 3S + KClO3 2SO2 + 2KCl 350o H 2S S + H2 o
450
o

SO2

t 2S + C CS2 (long) SO2 + 2H2 S + 2H2O SO2 + 2CO S + 2CO2 SO2 + 2Mg S + 2MgO

2SO2 + O2 SO3 SO2 + Cl2 + 2H2O H2SO4 + 2HCl 5SO2 + 2KMnO4 + 2H2O 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 + H2SO4 SO2 + NO2 SO3 + NO

3/. Tnh kh cua H2S Trong H2S, S co so oxi hoa -2, thap nhat nen the hien tnh kh khi tac dung vi chat oxi hoa nh O2, Cl2, SO2, KMnO4, FeCl3, K2Cr2O4. H2S + O2 S + H2O 2H2S + 3O2(d) 2SO2 + 2H2O H2S + Cl2 S + 2HCl 2H2S + SO2 3S + 2H2O H2S + 2FeCl3 2FeCl2 + S + HCl 5H2S + 2KMnO4 + 3 H2SO4 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 5S + 8H2O 4/. Tnh oxi hoa cua H2SO4 Tac dung vi San pham + Do H H2SO4 Kim loai trc H Muoi sunfat (tan) + H2 loang H2SO4 Kim loai manh hn Sunfat kim loai + (SO2, S, H2S) + Do SO2 4 ac, Fe H 2O nong Fe va kim loai yeu Sunfat kim loai + SO2 + H2O hn Phi kim (C, S, P) Oxit axit hay oxiaxit + SO2 + H2O Chu y: Fe, Al, Cr: khong tac dung vi H 2SO4 ac nguoi. Cac hp chat cua kim loai co hoa tr thap cung b H 2SO4 ac oxi hoa. 2FeO + 4H2SO4 () Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 4H2O 2FeS + 10H2SO4 () Fe2(SO4)3 + 9SO2 + 10H2O
Nhan biet goc SO2 : dung ion Ba2+ (Ba(NO3)2 hoac Ba(OH)2 hoac BaCl2) 4 II/. KIEN THC BO SUNG: Giai toan lien quan en lu huynh va hp chat 1/. Nhan biet: SO2: lam phai mau dung dch KMnO4 hay dung dch Br2 SO2 tac dung vi Ba(OH)2 tao ket tua BaSO3 tan trong dung dch HCl con SO3 tac dung vi Ba(OH)2 tao ket tua BaSO4 khong tan trong dung dch HCl. H2S tao ket tua en vi dung dch muoi kim loai nang CuCl2 + H2S CuS + 2HCl 2/. Sunfua kim loai: Tan trong nc gom sunfua kim loai kiem, BaS, CaS, SrS, MgS.

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Chuyn : Lu hunh v hp cht

Khong tan trong nc, tan trong HCl: sunfua kim loai trc Pb (trong day hhh). Khong tan trong HCl, tan trong HNO3: CuS, Ag2S, PbS. Sunfua kim loai + O2 oxit kim loai (hoa tr cao) + SO2 + HCl to Kim loai (trc Pb) + S phan khong tan la S d hon hp ran 3/. Oxi hoa SO2 bang oxi Goi mt va ms lan lt la khoi lng hon hp trc va sau phan ng Bao toan khoi lng

mt =ms M t < M s nt >ns dt <ds nsp (thc te ) nsp (l thuye t) = n cha t thgia (a pha n ng) n cha t thgia (to i a)

Vi M : Phan t khoi trung bnh, d: t khoi hon hp, n: so mol hon hp kh. Hieu suat phan ng: h =

Neu

nSO nO nO nSO

2 SO2 d va hie u sua t tnh theo O2 2 O2 d va hie u sua t tnh theo SO2

Neu

THI TUYN SINH CAO NG NM 2007 Cu 1: Khi ha tan hiroxit kim loi M(OH) 2 bng mt lng va dd H2SO4 20% thu c ddmui trung ho c nng 27,21%. Kim loi M l (Cho H = 1; O = 16; Mg = 24; S = 32; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65) A. Cu. B. Zn. C. Fe. D. Mg. Cu 2: SO2 lun th hin tnh kh trong cc phn ng vi A. H2S, O2, nc Br2. B. dung dch NaOH, O2, dung dch KMnO4. C. dung dch KOH, CaO, nc Br2. D. O2, nc Br2, dung dch KMnO4. Cu 3: Ha tan hon ton 3,22 gam hh X gm Fe, Mg v Zn bng mt lng va dd H2SO4 long, thu c 1,344 lt hiro ( ktc) v dd cha m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l: A. 9,52. B. 10,27. C. 8,98. D. 7,25. THI TUYN SINH CAO NG NM 2008 Cu 1: Trng hp khng xy ra phn ng ha hc l to A. 3O2 + 2H2S 2H2O + 2SO2. B. FeCl2 + H2S FeS + 2HCl. C. O3 + 2KI + H2O 2KOH + I2 + O2. D. Cl2 + 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H2O. Cu 2: X l kim loi thuc PNC nhm II (hay nhm IIA). Cho 1,7 gam hn hp gm kim loi X v Zn tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl, sinh ra 0,672 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Mt khc, khi cho 1,9 gam X tc dng vi lng d dung dch H2SO4 long, th th tch kh hiro sinh ra cha n 1,12 lt ( ktc). Kim loi X l A. Ba. B. Ca. C. Sr. D. Mg. Cu 3: Trn 5,6 gam bt st vi 2,4 gam bt lu hunh ri nung nng (trong iu kin khng c khng kh), thu c hn hp rn M. Cho M tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl, gii phng hn hp kh X v cn li mt phn khng tan G. t chy hon ton X v G cn va V lt kh O2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l A. 2,80. B. 3,36. C. 3,08. D. 4,48. Cu 4: Ho tan ht 7,74 gam hn hp bt Mg, Al bng 500 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 1M v H2SO4 0,28M thu c dung dch X v 8,736 lt kh H2 ( ktc). C cn dung dch X thu c lng mui khan l A. 38,93 gam. B. 103,85 gam. C. 25,95 gam. D. 77,86 gam. THI TUYN SINH CAO NG NM 2009 Cu 1: phn bit CO2 v SO2 ch cn dng thuc th l A. nc brom. B. CaO. C. dung dch Ba(OH)2. D. dung dch NaOH. Cu 2: Cht kh X tan trong nc to ra mt dd lm chuyn mu qu tm thnh v c th c dng lm cht ty mu. Kh X l A. NH3. B. CO2. C. SO2. D. O3. THI TUYN SINH I HC, CAO NG NM 2007, Khi A Cu 1: nhn bit ba axit c, ngui: HCl, H2SO4, HNO3 ng ring bit trong ba l b mt nhn, ta dng thuc th l A. Fe. B. CuO. C. Al. D. Cu. Cu 2: Ho tan 5,6 gam Fe bng dd H2SO4 long (d), thu c dd X. dd X phn ng va vi V ml dd KMnO4 0,5M. Gi tr ca V l (cho Fe = 56) A. 80. B. 40. C. 20. D. 60. Cu 3: Cho m gam hh Mg, Al vo 250 ml dd X cha hh axit HCl 1M v axit H2SO4 0,5M, thu c 5,32 lt H2 ( ktc) v dd Y (coi th tch dd khng i). dd Y c pH l A. 1. B. 6. C. 7. D. 2. Cu 4: Ho tan hon ton 2,81 gam hh gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong 500 ml axit H2SO4 0,1M (va ). Sau phn ng, hh mui sunfat khan thu c khi c cn dd c khi lng l (cho H = 1, O = 16, Mg = 24, S = 32, Fe = 56, Zn = 65) A. 6,81 gam. B. 4,81 gam. C. 3,81 gam. D. 5,81 gam.
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Chuyn : Lu hunh v hp cht

THI TUYN SINH I HC, CAO NG NM 2008, khi A Cu 1: Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta iu ch oxi bng cch A. in phn nc. B. nhit phn Cu(NO3)2. C. nhit phn KClO3 c xc tc MnO2. D. chng ct phn on khng kh lng. Cu 2: X l kim loi phn ng c vi dung dch H2SO4 long, Y l kim loi tc dng c vi dung dch Fe(NO3)3. Hai kim loi X, Y ln lt l (bit th t trong dy th in ho: Fe3+/Fe2+ ng trc Ag+/Ag) A. Fe, Cu. B. Cu, Fe. C. Ag, Mg. D. Mg, Ag. THI TUYN SINH I HC, CAO NG NM 2009, khi A Cu 1: Cho 3,68 gam hn hp gm Al v Zn tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch H2SO4 10%, thu c 2,24 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Khi lng dung dch thu c sau phn ng l A. 101,68 gam. B. 88,20 gam. C. 101,48 gam. D. 97,80 gam. Cu 2: Trng hp no sau y khng xy ra phn ng ho hc? A. Sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch FeCl2. B. Sc kh H2S vo dung dch CuCl2. C. Sc kh H2S vo dung dch FeCl2. D. Cho Fe vo dung dch H2SO4 long, ngui. Cu 3: Nung nng m gam PbS ngoi khng kh sau mt thi gian, thu c hn hp rn (c cha mt oxit) nng 0,95m gam. Phn trm khi lng PbS b t chy l A. 95,00%. B. 25,31%. C. 74,69%. D. 64,68%. THI TUYN SINH I HC, CAO NG NM 2007, Khi B Cu 1: Trong phn ng t chy CuFeS2 to ra sn phm CuO, Fe2O3 v SO2 th mt phn t CuFeS2 s A. nhn 13 electron. B. nhn 12 electron. C. nhng 13 electron. D. nhng 12 electron. Cu 2: Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo dung dch cha 0,3 mol H2SO4 c, nng (gi thit SO2 l sn phm kh duy nht). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c (cho Fe = 56) A. 0,03 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,06 mol FeSO4. B. 0,05 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,02 mol Fe d. C. 0,02 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,08 mol FeSO4. D. 0,12 mol FeSO4. Cu 3: C th phn bit 3 dung dch: KOH, HCl, H2SO4 (long) bng mt thuc th l A. giy qu tm. B. Zn. C. Al. D. BaCO3. Cu 4: Cho 0,01 mol mt hp cht ca st tc dng ht vi H2SO4 c nng (d), thot ra 0,112 lt ( ktc) kh SO2 (l sn phm kh duy nht). Cng thc ca hp cht st l A. FeS. B. FeS2. C. FeO D. FeCO3. THI TUYN SINH I HC, CAO NG NM 2008, khi B Cu 1: Nung mt hn hp rn gm a mol FeCO3 v b mol FeS2 trong bnh kn cha khng kh (d). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, a bnh v nhit ban u, thu c cht rn duy nht l Fe2O3 v hn hp kh. Bit p sut kh trong bnh trc v sau phn ng bng nhau, mi lin h gia a v b l (bit sau cc phn ng, lu hunh mc oxi ho +4, th tch cc cht rn l khng ng k) A. a = 0,5b. B. a = b. C. a = 4b. D. a = 2b. Cu 2: Hi thu ngn rt c, bi vy khi lm v nhit k thu ngn th cht bt c dng rc ln thu ngn ri gom li l A. vi sng. B. ct. C. mui n. D. lu hunh. THI TUYN SINH I HC, CAO NG NM 2009, khi B Cu 1: Ho tan m gam hn hp gm Al, Fe vo dung dch H2SO4 long (d). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 (d) vo dung dch X, thu c kt ta Y. Nung Y trong khng kh n khi lng khng i, thu c cht rn Z l A. hn hp gm BaSO4 v FeO. B. hn hp gm Al2O3 v Fe2O3. C. hn hp gm BaSO4 v Fe2O3. D. Fe2O3. Cu 2: Trn 100 ml dd hh gm H2SO4 0,05M v HCl 0,1M vi 100 ml dd hh gm NaOH 0,2M v Ba(OH)2 0,1M, thu c dd X. dd X c pH l A. 13,0. B. 1,2. C. 1,0. D. 12,8. Cu 3: Khi nhit phn hon ton 100 gam mi cht sau: KClO3 (xc tc MnO2), KMnO4, KNO3 v AgNO3. Cht to ra lng O2 ln nht l A. KClO3. B. KMnO4. C. KNO3. D. AgNO3. Cu 4: C cc th nghim sau: (I) Nhng thanh st vo dung dch H2SO4 long, ngui. (II) Sc kh SO2 vo nc brom. (III) Sc kh CO2 vo nc Gia-ven. (IV) Nhng l nhm vo dung dch H2SO4 c, ngui. S th nghim xy ra phn ng ho hc l A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 5: Ha tan hon ton 20,88 gam mt oxit st bng dd H2SO4 c, nng thu c dd X v 3,248 lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). C cn dd X, thu c m gam mui sunfat khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 52,2. B. 54,0. C. 58,0. D. 48,4. Cu 6: ng dng no sau y khng phi ca ozon? A. Ty trng tinh bt, du n. B. Cha su rng. C. iu ch oxi trong phng th nghim. D. St trng nc sinh hot.

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