Cu 1: S khi h thng truyn hnh v chc nng ca tng khi.

1. Pha pht: - Thc hin chia1 bc nh thnh nhiu nh c din tch nh gi l cc phn t nh( im nh) ri ln lt bin i chi trung bnh ca cc im nh thnh tn hiu in theo mt trt t nht nh theo khng gian v thi gian. - truyn hnh en trng tn hiu in c bin i ny gi l tn hiu hnh( t/h video). Qu trnh thc hin chia bc nh quang c chi phn b theo mt phng thnh t/h in c tr tc thi theo thi gian c thc hin pha pht. - Thit b bin i tn hiu quang thnh tn hiu in gi l Camera. - Thit b pht gm camera, thit b iu ch v x l tn hiu pht trn ng truyn. 2. Pha thu - Ln lt bin i tr tc thi ca tn hiu thnh nh phn t c chi xc nh, ta sp xp cc phn t nh theo trnh t nht nh ging ht nh s sp xp ca cc phn t nh khi chia nh truyn i. - n nh s thc hin bc chuyn i t tn hiu in sang tn hiu quang. - Thit b phn thu gm n hnh v cc mch in x l tn hiu 3. Phn truyn dn: thc hin truyn tn hiu t bn pht ti bn thu c th truyn bng cp( cp kim loi, cp ng trc v cp quang) hoc sng v tuyn. Trong TH i chng s dng sng v tuyn.

Cu 2: Nguyn tc chung ca truyn hnh v cc khi nim tng hp nh, phn tch nh, qut nh.
1. Nguyn tc chung ca truyn hnh: truyn bc nh i xa c th ta phi chia bc nh thnh thnh nhiu phn t nh nh( im nh), bin i tn hiu quang thnh tn hiu in. Truyn chi ca nhng im nh i theo ln lt t tri sang phi, t trn xung di trn mn hnh. Pha thu v pha pht phi ng b nhau. 2. Phn tch nh: l qt thc hin chia mt bc nh honh chnh thnh cc im nh thc hin bin i tn hiu quang thnh tn hiu in pha pht. 3. Tng hp nh: l qu trnh tng hp cc im nh sau khi c truyn, thanh mt bc nh hon chnh nh bn pht v c thc hin pha thu 4. Qut nh: l cc phng php phn tch nh v tng hp nh.

Cu 3: Khi nim v th tn v cao tn.

Khi thc hin truyn tn hiu truyn hnh i xa cn c di tn ph hp, bng tn s rng mun vy cn phi thc hin gia cng tn hiu, tc l phi ci tn hiu vo sng mang c tn s ln truyn hnh nh.

1. Tn hiu cao tn: Tn s sng mang c s dng trong truyn hnh iu ch tn hiu thng l bng sng VHF v UHF c tn s rt cao nn c th ng nht cch gi tn s sng mang trong truyn hnh l sng cao tn v tn hiu hnh sau khi c iu ch vi tn hiu sng mang gi l tn hiu cao tn. 2. Tn hiu th tn: (tn hiu hnh hay tn hiu video) l tn hiu sau khi c thc hin chuyn i nh quang thnh tn hiu in. Tn hiu th tn mang thong tin v hnh nh( thng tin v chi bc nh)

Cu 5. Trnh by phng php qut trong truyn hnh? Ti sao trong KT truyn hnh l s dng phng php qut xen k.
Qut lin tc: Tia in t bt u qut t mp tri(dng 1) sang mp phi dng A, lp tc tr li(ng nt t) mp tri dng 2 bt u qut dng th 2 n B. c nh vy n v tr Z th chm dt 1 bc nh, n quay tr v dng 1 tip tc qut bc nh tip theo. Thi gian qut dng thun: l thi gian tia in t qut t 1 n A hoc t 2 n B. Hnh trnh qut thun khi im nh trn dng 1-A( hoc 2-B) c bin i chi thnh tn hiu in( qt phn tch nh) ca cc im nh trn dng 1A s bin i tn hiu in thnh chi ca im nh(qt tng hp). Thi gian qut dng ngc: l thi gian tia in t quay tr v( t A v 2). Trn mn hnh ng qut ny c xa nh xung xa dng. Trong qu trnh qut ngc khng c thng tin v tn hiu hnh nh. T(qut dng hon chnh)= t(thun) + t(ngc). Qu trnh qut dng c nh th thc hin cho n khi im nh cui cng v tr Z. Thi gian qut mnh thun: thi gian qut 1 nh(1 mt) l thi gian tia in t qut t u 1 n im Z. Thi gian qut mnh ngc. l thi gian tia in t quay t v tr Z v v tr 1 ca nh tip theo. Trong qu trnh ny tn hiu hnh c xa nh xung xa mt. Nu c 625 dng qut vi t l khun hnh a/b= 4/3 v truyn 25 nh trong 1 giy th + s im nh phi truyn trong 1 dng: 625.(4/3)=833 im nh + s im nh trong 1 giy ca 625 dng: 625.833.25=13. im nh. Qut xen k: Khi lm vic vi tn hiu hnh 13MHz cc thit b k thut thng dng s rt kh khn v khng kinh t, mt khc ngi xem vn c cm gic hnh b nhp nhy do mt ngi b gim cng nh sng khi hnh sau tip tc c chiu. iu ny c khc phc bng phng php qut xen k. Qut xen k cng ging nh qut lin tc ch tia in t cng qut lin tc t tri qua phi(dng), qut t trn xung di(mnh) v cc tia ngc u b xa nhng khc bit ch l ngi ta chia bc nh thnh hai bn nh:bn nh l(mnh l), bn nh chn(mnh chn). thc hin truyn cc im nh cc dng l trc cho n ht mi tip tc truyn cc im nh dng chn ca bc nh. C th: mnh 1 qut cc dng 1,3,5,..623 v na dng 625, mnh 2 truyn na dng 625 v cc dng 2,4,6624. Khi truyn ht hai mnh ca bc nh ny th truyn 1 mnh ca bc nh tip theo. Sau khi kt thc mnh 1 tia in t c a ngc ln bt u qut mnh th 2.

Trong k thut truyn hnh li s dng phng php qut xen k v: qut xen k c nhiu u im hn qut lin tc, s mnh qut c tng ln gp i, di ph Ey trong qut xen k gim i mt na, hin tng chp

ko cn. Cu 6: Tnh tng hp gia truyn hnh mu v truyn hnh en trng c th hin ntn? thc hin c tnh tng hp gia truyn hnh mu v truyn hnh en trng th i pht hnh mu phi pht i nhng tn hiu g? 1. Tnh tng hp gia truyn hnh mu v truyn hnh en trng: Khi truyn hnh mu i c hang triu my thu en trng c t trc, cng vi l do kinh t, ngi ta mun truyn hnh mu v truyn hnh en trng cng tn ti v sao cho khi pht en trng th c my thu mu v en trng u thu c v ngc li khi pht mu th c my thu mu v my thu en trng u thu c. Tm li: my thu en trng s lun thu c en trng cn my thu mu s thu mu khi chng trnh pht en trng 2. thc hin c tnh tng hp: Do trong truyn hnh en trng pht i tn hiu chi Ey, Er-Ey (Eg- Ey s c to ra ti my thu mu) v nh vy ta s m bo c yu cu. ng thi rng c mt knh truyn hnh mu phi bng rng ca 1 knh truyn hnh en trng. lm c vic ny trong truyn hnh mu ngi ta phi ci tn hiu mu vo ph tn cao ca knh chi ri mi truyn tn hiu i xa nh vy va m bo tnh tng thch, va m bo tn hiu mu khng gy cn nhiu sang tn hiu chi. Cu 7: Trong k thut truyn hnh i pht truyn hnh mu pht i nhng tn hiu g? Ti sao? Trong k thut truyn hnh i pht truyn hnh mu pht i tn hiu chi Ey v 2 tn hiu sc(Er- Ey) v (Eb-Ey) V : - truyn Ey m bo tnh tng thch gia truyn hnh en trng v truyn hnh mu. - L truyn hnh mu nn phi c tn hiu mu ( Er- Ey) v (Eb- Ey) m khng c tn hiu (Eg- Ey) v tn hiu (Eg- Ey) s c to ra pha thu.

Cu 8: Mt mu bt k c xc nh bi nhng thng s no? Nh ta bit mu sc m chng ta cm nhn c va c yu t vt l v va c yu t sinh l. Nu ch c yu t vt l th cc thng s c trng cho mu sc l chi Ey, bc sng tri v sch mu. Cn khi xt ti yu t ch quan th cc yu t c trng cho mu sc l: sang B, sc mu v bo ha mu. chi. L i lng ch mc sang ti ca mu sc Gia chi v sang c mi quan h theo biu thc B= k.ln(Ey) + C. Trong k,C l cc hng s t l Sc mu. L thng s ch quan ch tnh cht ca mu. Sc mu ph thuc vo bc sng tri ca ph phn b. - Bc sng tri ca mt mu no l bc sng ca nh sng n sc m n trn vi nh sng trng theo t l xc nh s c cng sc mu vi nh sng . - Vi nh sng n sc th bc sng tri ca n chnh l bc sng ca dao ng in t v sc mu mt chung ta cm nhn c chnh l mu quang ph. bo ha mu. L thng s ch quan ch mc m nht ca mu. Hay ni cch khc bo ha mu cho bit t l pha trn ca nh sng mu vi nh sng trng sch mu. L thng s khch quan ch hm lng tng i ca mu quang ph cha trong nh sng no . Vy ngun sng c sch cng cao th bo ha cng ln, mu trng cha trong cng t.

Cu 9: Cc phng php trn mu:C hai phng php trn quang thng: 1. Phng php tr. To mu ra theo phng php tr c thc hin bng cch cho chm sng trng i qua mt s mi trng hp th hay phn x c tnh chn lc t lin tip trn ng truyn lan ca chm nh sng trng. phng php tr, nh sng ban u phi l nh sng trng c ph lin tc. C nh vy mi m bo c qu trnh to ra mu sc mi, mi trng hp th c kh nng hp th nh sng c bc sng chn trc. c im ca phng php tr l chi ca mu c to ra bo gi cng nh hn chi ca mu trng ban u. Phng php tr ch yu c s dng trong cc lnh vc chp nh, n lot mu 2. Phng php cng:phng php cng c s dng trong truyn hnh mu. - Phng php cng quang hc: ng thi hoc ln lt ri hai hay mt s chm nh sng mu , lc, lam c cng sng thay i c ln cng mt mt phng phn x khuch i hom ton. Nu thay i t l quang thng ca 3 chm sng , lc , lam th mu sc trn mt phng thu c s thay i. Trong k thut truyn hnh th phng php ny c ng dng trong cc h thng chiu. - Phng php trn mu khng gian: ng thi hoc ln lt ri hai hay mt s chm nh sng , lc, lam c dng im hoc di ln ci v tr xen k trn mt mt phng khng c tnh chn lc. Khi khong cch gia cc v tr ny nh hoc quan st chng c ly xa sao cho gc nhn nh nh hn gc phn bit ca mt, chng ta s cm nhn nh cc im hoc cc di y c cng mt mu. Mu mi m mt ngi cm nhn c quyt nh bi t l din tch v cng sng ca mt im hoc cc di mu c bn. Phng php ny c s dng trong cc n hnh mu. Ch : - ri ca mu c to ra bng tng chi cc mu dung trn.- vi bt k t l no dung phng php trn cng khng th to c mu en. Cu 10: Cc nh lut c bn ca trn mu nh lut th nht: bn mu bt k bao gi cng ph thuc tuyn tnh vi nhau, nhng tn ti nhiu t hp ba mu c lp tuyn tnh. iu ny c ngha l mi mu sc trong t nhin hon ton c th phn tch ra thnh ba thnh phn mu c bn theo t l nht nh v ngc li c th ti to li mi mu sc trong t nhin bng cch trn 3 thnh phn mu c bn li vi nhau theo cc t l tng ng. nh lut th 2: Thay i lin tc bc sng tri d ca ngun sng, mu sc cm th c s thay i mt cch lin tc

nh lut th 3: Mu sng nhn c bng cch trn mt s ngun sng ch ph thuc vo mu sc ca ngun sng dng trn ch khng ph thuc vo thnh phn ph ca chng v phng php trn.

Cu 11: trn mu Vng(Y), Ta(M), L(C) ta cn trn cc mu no vi nhau t 3 mu c bn: , lc, lam. Vng = + lc, Ta= + Lam, L = Lc + Lam Cu 12: Ti sao trong truyn hnh mu ngi ta khng truyn trc tip cc tn hiu Er, Eg, Eb m li truyn i cc tn hiu mu? V : * Vic chn Er, Eg, Eb lm tn hiu mang mu khng hp l th hin ch: R v B tn ti ngay c khi pht nh en trng. do khi to tn hiu mu phi lm vic ngay c khi thu chng trnh truyn hnh en trng cho nn khng cn thit. - Khi chi nh tng ln m khng nhng OY tng m Ur, Ub cng tng lm cho tn hiu tng hp a vo my pht hnh c bin tng ln, d dng gy ra iu ch qu mc trong my pht. - Cn chn tn hiu mang mu sao cho khi pht tn hiu en trng th tn hiu mang mu trit tiu ch cn li Uy, ngoi ra tn hiu mang mu khng tng ln bin khi tng chi ca nh Tn hiu Er- Ey v Eb- Ey l cc t/h t l vi cc thnh phn R-Y v B-Y do cc thnh phn hiu s mu. Chng ta thy rng cc thnh phn R-Y v B-Y b trit tiu khi pht nh en trng v chng khng thay i khi chi thay i. -

Cu 13: Ti sao trong truyn hnh mu ngi ta ch truyn i Er- Ey, Eb-Ey m khng truyn i Eg-Ey ? Nu nguyn tc to tn hiu Eg-Ey t pha thu. m bo tnh tng thch ngi ta ch truyn i Er- Ey, Eb-Ey, nhng khng truyn i Eg-Ey m thnh phn ny c ti to pha thu. - Vi cng sng chun nh nhau: Eg-Ey c qung ng bin thin nh nht chnh v vy m ngi ta khng truyn tn hiu sc ny trc tip. - Di thng ca tn hiu sc ny ln hn hai tn hiu cn li cng gy kh truyn hn, v mt ngi chng ta nhy cm vi mu G Nguyn ti to tn hiu Eg-Ey pha thu. Mch to li tn hiu mu Eg-Ey: Khi i pht tn hiu mu, u ra ca tng tch sng hnh ta s thu li c tn hiu hnh mu Tn hiu ny pht i n mch ma trn, phn cn li s qua mch lc ngn vng tn s thp Ey v ch ly ra sng mang mu iu ch vi tn hiu mu ri li i qua mch tch sng mu ly li 2 tn hiu mu Ngi ta cho hai tn hiu sc va mi tch ra i n mch ma trn kt hp vi Ey to ra tn hiu mu T3 l Eg- Ey. Nh vy ti u ra ca mch ma trn ta c y 4 tin tc l Ey, Er- Ey, Eb-Ey, Eg-Ey a n c n hnh. Khi Eg-Ey = -0.518( Er- Ey) 0.186( Eb- Ey).

Cu 14. V s khi my thu hnh v nu chc nng ca tng khi. Chc nng; n hnh mu: n bin i cc tn hiu mu c bn thnh cc hnh nh mu. ng ting: tn s trung tn th 2 qua b khuch i trung tn ng ting SIF tch sng FM, khuch i m tn v a ra loa. Knh chi: m bo cho tn s ngoi sai n nh, cn c mch AFT. Khuch i tn hiu chi Uy n gi tr cn thit, lm tr ti gian chi Uy mt thi gian cn thit, m bo cho tn hiu chi v cc tn hiu mu

tng ng vi 1 phn t nh cng n li vo mch ma trn cng 1 lc, nhm lm cho nh en trng v nh mu trng khit Knh mu: l mt trong nhng khi quan trng ca my thu hnh. Khch i tn hiu mu Uc n gi tr cn thit, gii m cc tn hiu mu nhn c cc tn hiu mu. Khi ng b mu: tch tn hiu ng b mu thc hin ng b, ng pha cng bc mch to sng mang ph trong my thu hnh h NTSC, PAL. T ng tt knh mu lc thu chng trnh truyn hnh en trng. Mch ma trn: ph thuc vo phng thc iu ch mt in t trong n hnh mu v phng n gii m mu, m cu trc v chc nng ca mch ma trn c khc nhau. T cc tn hiu mu Ur-y, Ub-y to thnh tn hiu mu th 3 Ug-y theo biu thc: Ug-y = -0,59 Ur-y 0,19Ub-y Cc tng khuch i video: khuch i tn hiu mu c bn hoc tn hiu mu n gi tr ln, nhm m bo cho n hnh mu hot ng bnh thng. Khi qut dng: to ra t trng li tia in t theo chiu ngang, xung ng b dng c tch khi tn hiu hnh va qua mch vi phn. Cung cp in p c tn s dng cho mch dao ng hi t, in p dng in sa mo gi v cung cp in p tht n nh cho n hnh. Khi qut mnh: to ra t trng li tia in t theo chiu ng. cung cp in p c tn s mnh cho mch to dao ng hi t v mch sa mo gi. Mch to dng in hi t: to dao ng tn s dng v dao ng c tn s mnh vi hnh dng v bin cn thit cung cp cho cc c cu hi t c t trn c n hnh. Mch cn bng trng: m bo cho ton b mn hnh khi khng thu chng trnh truyn hnh hoc thu chng trnh truyn hnh en trng khng b nhum mu. Mch t kh t: kh t trng d trn mn chn, mn che t. Lm sch mu: 2 nam chm hnh xuyn dt lm sch mu. chnh tm trong my thu hnh ta dung bin php thay i gi tr v chiu dao ng 1 chiu chy qua cun li tia dng v mnh. Khi iu hnh: tt m my,chn chng trnh, iu khin Ngun cung cp: in p 1 chiu cng cp cho tranzitor v IC phi c n nh cao, gn sng phi nh. Khi c s c t bin trong my thu hnh, ngun cung cp c ct di khi mch in.

Cu 15: V s khi truyn hnh en trng v nu chc nng ca tng khi. S nh hnh v

My thu hnh en trng gm cc khi chnh sau B knh: c nhim v thu tn hiu sng mang t cc i pht sau i tn v tn hiu IF, cung cp cho mch khch i trung tn Khi trung tn: Khuch i tn hiu trung tn v tch sng th tn tch tn hiu video tng hp ra khi sng mang, tn hiu thu c sau khi tch sng gm c tn hiu video, xung H.syn, xung V.syn v tn hiu FM. Tng khuch i th tn: T tn hiu video tng hp, tn hiu video c tch ra i vo tng khuch i th tn, tng khuch i th tn khch i tn hiu video ln bin mnh ri a vo Katot n hnh iu khin dng phn x, ti to li hnh nh trn mn hnh. n hnh: Chuyn i tn hiu truyn hnh thnh hnh nh quang hc, khi phc li nh ging pha pht. Khi ng b: Hai xung ng b c gi sang my pha thu t pha pht c nhim v iu khin khi qut dng v qut mnh ca my thu qut cng tn s nh bn pht khi phc li hnh nh, hai xung ny c tch ra sau tch sng th tn v c khuch i qua khi ng b, sau xung H.syn i ti iu khin mch dao ng dng, xung V.syn i ti iu khin mch dao ng mnh. Khi qut dng: To ra cc mc in p cao, cung cp cho n hnh hot ng, ng thi cung cp xung dng cho cun li ngang li tia in t qut theo chiu ngang. Khi qut mnh: To ra xung mnh cung cp cho cun li tia, li tia in t dn theo chiu dc. Khi ng ting: Khch i tn hiu iu tn FM, sau tch sng iu tn ly ra tn hiu m tn v khuch i qua tng cng sut v a ra loa.

Cu 17: V s khi truyn hnh mu v chc nng ca tng khi. Phn trung tn- cao tn-tch sng: bao gm cc khi: Khi knh UHF,VHF, khch i trung tn, tch sng, mch AFC, mch AGC. C nhim v lc tn hiu truyn hnh t pha i pht gi ti, sau khuch i s b cho tn hiu ln hn hn t nhiu t cc knh truyn hnh khc hoc t cc sng in t khc tc ng vo. Hp knh ca bng UHF: x l cc knh truyn hnh c tn s sng mang nm trong di UHF. Hp knh ca bng VHF: X l cc knh truyn hnh c tn s sng mang nm trong di VHF. Mch khch i trung tn ly ra tn s trung tn chung ca tn hiu truyn hnh. Mch tch sng: c nhim v tch sng video v khuch i s b sau tch sng video. Khi AFT,AFC: mch t ng iu chnh tn s ngoi sai AFC hoc AFT t ng dng d. Khi AGC: mch t ng iu chnh tn s khch .

Phn ng ting Khi khch i trung tn ting: quy i v to trung tn ting 2 ln c th thu c ting ca cc h mu khc nhau. Khi hn bin, tch sng, cng sut ting: Ton b ng ting ca my thu hnh c nhim v tch tn hiu m thanh ra khi trung tn ln th 2 theo phng n iu tn, sau khuch i m thanh ln ng thi phi hp tr khng vi loa.

Phn ng hnh Khi x l chi: mch khch i v x l tn hiu chi Ey. Khi gii m mu: mch gii m mu ca cc h mu khc nhau ly ra hai tn hiu mu l - v . Khi ma trn G-Y: to ra cc tn hiu mu th 3 l - m i khng gi i. Khi ma trn G,R,B: khi phc li 3 tn hiu mu c bn l , Khi khch i mu : Mch khch i tn hiu mu ln cui Khi khch i mu lam: Mch khch i tn hiu mu lam ln cui. Khi cn bng trng: thc t n khng phi l mt khi ring bit m ch l b phn k nm ngay trong 3 tng khch i mu cui, dung iu khin cho 3 tia in t bn ln cc im pht ra mu tng ng trn mn hnh vi mt cng thch hp, sao cho khi cha c tn hiu mu a n th vic pha trn nh trn mn hnh s ra mu trng.

Phn ng b v to xung qut. Khi tch xung ng b mnh: mch tch xung ng b, khch i v phn chia xung ng b( Khi qut dng: Ton b khi qut dng ca my thu hnh, to ra xung rng ca qut dng. Khi qut mnh: Ton b khi qut mnh ca my thu hnh, to ra xung rng ca qut mnh. Khi xa tia qut ngc: mch phi hp hnh thnh xung xa tai qut ngc. Khi chnh lu cao p: Mch chnh lu i cao p to ra in p cao p 14000V n 22000V. cp cho anot n hnh.

Phn x l iu khin: Khi nhn iu khin: mch tip nhn k t xa bng tia hng ngoi. Khi vi x l: mch vi x l, x l cc tn hiu k cc hot ng ca my thu hnh.

Khi ngun: Khi kh t d: To ra xug t trng rt mnh mi ln bt u m my, tn ti trong thi gian rt ngn qut sch t d mn hnh, gi cho mn hnh khng b loang mu. Khi to ngun cp: Bao gm cc mch chnh lu, lc v n p to ra cc mc in p mt chiu cn thit nui my thu hnh.

Cu 15: Tn hiu chi Ey c biu din theo cng thc no? Ey = 0,3Er + 0,59Eg + 0,11Eb Cu 16: Qung bin thin ca cc tn hiu mu v tn hiu chi? Er-Ey= ; Eg-Ey= ; Eb-Ey = 0,89; Ey= .

Cu 17: h NTSC, PAL, SECAM ngi ta nn tn hiu sc xung theo cc h s ntn? Nhm mc ch g? NTSC: - Mi mu sc khi tnh theo h trc I, Q u l t hp ca cc thnh phn R-Y v B-Y vi gc quay pha 33%

Do khong bin thin ca R-Y l

B-Y l

V, nhng khong bin thin ny qu ln, nu

cng cc thnh phn mu sc ny chung vi tn hiu chi truyn tn hiu i xa th bin ca tn hiu hnh mu trong truyn hnh mu l qu ln so vi bin in p ca tn hiu chi Ey v vy h NTSC phi nn thnh phn Ur-y, Ub-y, vi h s nn tng ng l 0,877 vad 0,493 nhm mc ch gim nh bin tn hiu mu m bo s tng thch gia truyn hnh mu v truyn hnh en trng. PAL: m bo s tng thch gia truyn hnh mu v truyn hnh en trng th bin ca tn hiu mu h PAL phi xp x bng bin tn hiu hnh en trng. Tc l bin t/h mu phi thuc khong (-33%,133%) v vy trong h PAL cc thnh phn B-Y v R-Y vn c nn vi h s nn tng ng 0,877 v 0,493. SECAM: iu tn bin Dr, Db xp x bng nhau do cc h s nn l 1,9 v 1,5. nn Dr= -1,9Ur-y; Ub= 1,5Ub-y Cha nn; Dr= -1,428 Ur Ub; Db= 1,124Ub Uy; Cu 18: Trong h NTSC, PAL ngi ta thc hin xoay trc ta nh th no? Ti sao? NTSC : xoay pha i mt gc 33 Qung ng bin thin ca Er- Ey v Eb- Ey l v V l qu ln c th chn tn hiu sc. Khi nghin cu thy cc mu nm theo hng EQ( lch 33 so vi trc U) l mt ngi phn tch km nht v gii tn tng ng ch cn 0,5MHz nn h NTSC xoay pha c h U,V i 33. PAL: khng xoay pha i v di tn ln 5,5MHz cha 2 tn hiu. Di ph ca U,V cng bng nhau nn bo m c vic iu ch i xng 2 tn hiu trnh nhiu gy ra mo do di ph khng i xng ca hai tn hiu nh h NTSC Cu 19: h NTSC,PAL,SECAM ngi ta nn tn hiu mu sau iu ch c rng di tn l bao nhiu? Ti sao? NTSC : 0 1.5 MHz( thc t 0 - 1,2MHz) : 0 0,5 MHz Di ph ca tn hiu mu I,Q li nm trong di tn thp ca tn hiu chi m trong truyn hnh th cc tn hiu ch yu t trung tn s thp nn nu khng iu ch tn hiu mu I,Q th chnh tn hiu mu I,Q li gy cn nhiu sang tn hiu chi. V vy h NTSC s thc hin iu ch tn hiu mu sao cho tn hiu mu phi c ci ph tn cao ca tn hiu chi PAL: U,V: 0 1,5MHz( thc t 0 1,3MHz) V : h PAL truyn trn knh sng ca h CCIR, n khng cn xoay pha h trc ta m vn m bo chn tn hiu mu vo ph tn cao ca tn hiu chi do ph h ny 4,5MHz) SECAM: = 0 -1,2 MHz =0 1,2 MHz 5,5MHz( > ph ca h NTSC =

Cu 20: Tn s sng mang ph cc h NTSC,PAL,SECAM gc c chn l bao nhiu ? ti sao? NTSC: m bo tnh tng thch gia truyn hnh mu v truyn hnh en trng th knh truyn hnh mu phi c ph knh bng ng ph knh ca truyn hnh en trng. v vy tn hiu mu phi nm trn vn trong ph cuat tn hiu chi. V tch can nhim t mu sang chi th tn hiu mu phi nm trn vn trong ph tn cao ca tn hiu chi.M Ey ca NTSC l 0 4,2MHz. Tn hiu mu ca h NTSC c di ph cao nht 0 1,5MHz nhng thc t khi truyn ch truyn di ph 0 1,2MHz. Vy cao nht l : <4,2-0,6=3,6 <3,6MHz Hn na ph ca tn hiu chi l ph vch c phn b l ci bi ca (tn s dng) v vy nu chn th nhiu gy ra bi dao ng tn s Smp gim i nhiu. V trong mt chu k qut c (2n-1)/2 chu k dao ng.Tn s SMP nn pha ca dao ng SMP o pha 180 t dng ny sang dng khc. Kt qu l v tr cc im sng v ti gy ra do c dao ng sng MP s ln lt i v tr cho nhau khi qut t dng trn xung dng di. Cc im sng ti xen k theo chiu ng b tr cho nhau cm gic mn nh c chi ng u. Mt khc s dng qut trong 1 mnh l l nn c sau mt mnh v tr en trng li i ch cho nhau gip cho ta cm gic bnh qun chi theo thi gian. V vy la chn =3,58MHz hoc = 4,43MHz. PAL: = 4,43 MHz Tn s sng mang ph min tn s cao ca ph tn tn hiu chi.- Thun tin cho vic bin i tn hiu ca PAL tn hiu NTSC.-D thc hin chia tn to ra cc tn s ,2 nhm lm cho gia chng c mi quan h mt thit vi nhau. SECAM: phi m bo sao cho ton b tn hiu mu phi ci xen k vi ph vch chi. Nhng do tn hiu c iu tn nn ln cn ca tn s trung tm c cc hi bc cao, la chn sng mang ph phi trnh c cc can nhiu do sng mang ph gy nn ph vch chi. =4,406MHz, =4,25MHz.

Cu 21: Vai tr ca tn hiu ng b mu h NTSC,PAL,SECAM? NTSC: Do c im ca iu ch SECAM nn khi mun tch tn hiu mu ra khi tn hiu chi th cn thit phi thc hin tch sng SAM ly li tn hiu mu . Mch thc hin tch sng SAM l mch tch sng ng b. v vy trong my thu hnh cn phi to li dao ng c tn s bng vi tn s SMP, c pha ng b SMP bn pht. Nh vy bn thu cn c n nh v ng b vi SMP pha pht. V vy bn pht truyn sang pha thu mt chui dao ng chun v pha v tn s ca SMP y l tn hiu ng b mu. Nhng yu cu ng b mu khng nh hng n ng b mnh v ng b dng. Vy tn hiu ng b mu h NTSC l chui 8 10 chu k, c tn s bng tn s , c pha ng pha vi SMP pha pht c ci sn sau ca khung xa dng c bin nh bng 0,9s( S: bin ng b dng) tr 9 dng u ca xung tt mnh. PAL: tn hiu ng b mu ca h PAL c t 8 10 xung c tn s bng tn s sng mang ph, n c nhim v ng b v ng pha SMP ti ch vi SMP pha pht m bo vic tch sng iu bin nn pha pht, ng thi n c nhim v nhn bit dng no truyn +V, dng no truyn V, v iu khin CMT gia pht v thi ng b mu vi nhau. c bit pha ban u ca xung ng b s s bng +135 nu dng truyn tn hiu +V, pha ban u ca xung ng b s bng -135 nu dng truyn tn hiu V. SECAM: Xung ng b mu ca ca SECAM c nhim v ng b chuyn mch in t gia phi thu v pht v c nhim v nhn bit xem dng no truyn v dng no truyn . +/ Xung ng b mu theo dng: l mt chui xung c ci vo sn sau ca xung xa dng nhn bit dng no truyn v dng no truyn . C th nu dng sau truyn th xung ng b mu l xung

iu tn c bin -15 c tn s bin thin t 4,046 4,756MHz. Nu dng sau truyn th xung ng b l chui xung c iu tn bin bin thin t -12 . Tn s bin thin t 3,9 4,25MHz. Xung ng b mu theo dng c ci tt c cc sn sau ca xung xa dng, tr 9 dng u tin dung cho xung ng b mnh v xa mnh. +/ Xung ng b mu theo mnh: Xung ng b mnh l mt chui gm 9 xung ci sn sau xung xa mnh nhn bit dng u tin ca mnh tip theo l truyn hay . Cu 22: Trong tn hiu truyn hnh mu y ca cc h NTSC,PAL,SECAM tn hiu sc c mc bin bin thin trong khong no? Ti sao? NTSC: ( -33%--133%) PAL: (-25%--125%) SECAM: (-25%--115%) ;

(-12%--112%).

Cu 23: H NTSC thc hin chn tn hiu sc vo vng tn s cao ca tn hiu chi nhm mc ch g? (Gim nh hng ca tn hiu mu v tn hiu chi, m bo tnh tng thch gia tn hiu mu v tn hiu en trng) m bo tnh tng thch gia tn hiu mu v tn hiu en trng th mi thnh phn ca tn hiu mu yu cu phi c di ph cng vi di ph ca tn hiu en trng. Thc t ph ca tn hiu chi: 0 6MHz, h NTSC ph ca tn hiu chi 0 4,2MHz m ph ca tn hiu mu ln nht 0 .Nhng ph ca tn hiu mu I,Q li nm trong di tn thp ca tn hiu chi m trong truyn hnh th cc tn hiu hnh ch yu tp trung tn s thp nn nu iu ch tn hiu mu I,Q th n s gy ra cn nhiu sang tn hiu chi. Hn na ph tn cao ca tn hiu th xc xut gp tn hiu chi trong truyn hnh l thp. Cu 24: h NTSC,PAL,SECAM cc tn hiu sc c iu ch theo phng thc no? NTSC: SAM PAL : QSAM SECAM: iu tn vi hai sng mang c th +/ iu ch vi sng mang ph +/ iu ch vi sng mang ph

Cu 25: V s m ha, gii m ca h mu NTSC,PAL,SECAM. Gii thch? H mu NTSC 1. M ha NTSC

Mch m ha nh hnh v M ha NTSC nhm to t 3 tn hiu mu , , to ra cc tn hiu chi v tn hiu mu. T 3 tn hiu mu , , thng qua mch ma trn chuyn chng thnh cc tn hiu: Tn hiu chi c di tn t (0 4,2)MHz, tn hiu mu = c di tn t (0 0,5)MHz, tn hiu mu = - . Hai tn

hiu c em i iu bin cn bng( hay gi l iu bin nn gc vung-SAM) vi sng mang ph 3,58MHz. - Ta thy trc tin mt mch dao ng to ra sng hnh sin c tn s 3,58MHz v ngi ta cho sm pha i mt gc 90 na iu bin nn Et sng iu bin nn Et hay gi l tn hiu mu , nh vy sng sin c tn s 3,58MHz v bin v pha, hai sng , , lch pha nhau 1 gc 90 c nhp trung trong mch cng a ra mt sng sin duy nht, sau tn hiu lo mu c cng vi tn hiu chi Ey a ra mt phn tn hiu iu ch, phn cn li c ly ra t mch to tn s a qua mch o pha 180 qua cng Burst gate ri nhp chung vo phn tn hiu chi cng le mu sau cng v a ra mt tn hiu chung - Cng burst gate ch c m ra khi v ch khi thm sau ca tn hiu ng b xut hin v thm sau s mang i tn hiu le mu. - Khi cng m t 8 12 chu k, sng sin 3,58MHz c pha 180 i xuyn qua cng nhp chung tn hiu chi v nm gn thm sau ca xung ng b v y l thi gian khng c cc tn tc khc ca hnh. Nh vy tn hiu mu NTSC c di tn hon ton nm trong knh sng FCC v n cng truyn i ging nh truyn cc tn hiu en trng. 2. Gii m NTSC

Mch gii m nh hnh v T tch sng hnh, ton b di thng ca tn hiu chi Ey c a ti mch ma trn thng qua mt dy tr 0,7 ch hai tn hiu mu . Ton b di tn t (0 ng thi cng c a vo tn khuch i trung tn mu COLOR IF. y l tng khuch i lc la chn chun mn ch khuch i cc tn s c trong khong sng mang ph iu bin nn. Kt qu l ng trung tn IF ca Color IF ch cn li khong tn s cha khong tn hiu tin tc ca mu m thi (2,38 ). Hai tn hiu a vo mch ma trn cng tn hiu chi Ey. Mch ma trn s lm cng vic cng v tr tn hiu chi Ey. Mch ma trn lm cng vic cng v tr cc in p theo t l nh sn ng ra c c tn hiu (-Ey) a vo Katot n hnh mu v , , a vo 3 li ca mt ng phng in t. - c th tch sng iu bin nn, phi c tn tc v pha gc ca sng mang ph. Tng cng le l mt tng khuch i ch m ra khi c xung tn s qut ngang i vo ngay thi im thm sau ca xung ng b ngang. Nh vy ngoc ra ca Burst gate, tt c cc tin tc b loi b ch cn li tin tc le mu vi pha 0 c a vo kch 1 tng dao ng bng thch anh 3,58MHz ng ra ca thch anh s l sng sin thun ty vi pha gc 0. Ngi ta lm sm pha sng sin ny ln 33 a vo tch sng iu bin nn ca Q ri li sm pha ln 90 na tch sng I. H mu PAL 1. M ha PAL -

S m ha PAL nh hnh v

Tn hiu mu c sa mo c a vo ma trn in tr to tn hiu chi v 2 tn hiu mu. Tn hiu chi c a qua dy tr, c khuch i ln cho ln a vo b cng to tn hiu mu tng h p - SMP: b dao ng t kch c nhim v to ra tn s = 4,43 MHz - BCB: ly 2 tn hiu mu c a vo bin ca tn s mang mu . Ly tn hiu mu Uv iu ch bin ca tn s mang mu vi o pha tng dng. 2. Gii m PAL -

Tn hiu chi qua mnh tr chm 0,7 ch tn hiu mu cng a vo mch ma trn. Tn hiu mu iu bin nn vung gc c tch ra nh mch khuch i trung tn mu Color IF, y n chia lm 3 ng: mt ng o pha 180 n mch cng 1 v 2, ng th 3 i thng vo mch cng 3 Dng th n c qua mch o n im A l , -Ev, cn im B cha xc lp( n nh dng trc n-1). im C l Eu, Ev n dng n+1 truyn mu gi Eu,-Ev. im n A l Eu,Ev im B nh dng trc l Eu, Ev, mch cng(1) cho ra 2Ev, mch cng 2 cho ra 2Eu Gi s truyn i dng mu ), pha ca lo mu ng pha vi sng mang ph s l 135 . Li vo tch sng l (-2 vi pha(-90 ) li vo tch sng l (+2 pha l 0 , chuyn mch lc ny phi ng ln trn. Pha ca sng mang ph vo ng tch sng l -135 +135 =0 , vo ng tch sng l 135 +135 270 = -90 . Tng t nh vy n dng sau truyn ( ). Pha le mu sng mang ph , v tch sng l -135 +135 =0 . chuyn mch ng m ng yu cu trn ta dung mch t chnh pha, m s pha ca le mu vi pha ca sng mang ph a vo tch sng sau khi o pha i . Nu chuyn mch lm vic ng th pha ca

chungs trng nhau, u p u ra ca b so pha bng 0. Nu c s sai pha th u ra b so pha, s c in p 1 chiu iu khin chuyn mch sa pha li cho chng. H SECAM 1. M ha

vo mch ma trn in tr ra tn hiu chi ,2 tn hiu mu . Nh mch lc thng thp di tn ca 2 tn hiu mu c hn ch. Sau chng c chuyn qua mch in t (CMT) ln lt theo dng t ln iu tn. Chu k xung vung iu khin cho mch in t l . li ra mch iu tn c tn hiu mu mt cch ln lt theo tng dng. 2. Gii m.

Knh chi: c cc tng khuch i, dy tr di rng c thi gian tr c 0,3 0,7 , mch lc chn di, mch t ng hn ch sng. Knh mu: cc mch gii nhn phi c c tuyn chung sp lm nhim v c bn l sa mo bn pht v loi tr cc thnh phn tn hiu chi tn s thp Mch hn bin hai phi trc mch FM nn nhiu xung v kh iu bin k sinh. ACC: mch t iu chnh mu m bo bin tn hiu mu ly ra khi tng khuch i mu c bin n nh gin ngng gii hn ca tng hn bin. Ma trn: 2 tn hiu sc a i qua mch ma trn ly ra tn hiu th 3 sau khuch i 3 tn hiu sc. Knh ng b mu: to ra tn hiu sa pha CMT t tn hiu ng b mu k chuyn mch in t pha thu v pha pht ng pha.

Cu 26: Nu c im, u nhc im ca h NTSC, PAL,SECAM? H NTSC. 1. c im

Tn hiu mu yg trong h NTSC bao gm tn hiu chi, tn hiu mu,xung xa y , xung ng b y v tn hiu ng b mu y . - Trong h NTSC thc hin truyn ng thi hai tn hiu mu v tn hiu chi trn cng 1 dng. Biu thc tnh tn hiu chi vi l gi tr in p ca 3 thnh phn R,G,B th =0,3 +0,59 +0,11 - Tn s cao nht ca tn hiu chi ca h NTSC l 4,2MHz( tiu chun qut 525 dng,30 nh/s) nn tn hiu mu ca h NTSC c 1 thnh phn di ph rng v 1 thnh phn di ph hp hn v tn hiu mu phi m bo phn bit mu ca nh nh truyn hnh ng thi phi trnh c nhiu gia tn hiu mu v tn hiu chi. - Thc t nhng mu nm theo phng lch pha 33 so vi trc B-Y l mt ngi phn tch kh nht gi l tn hiu Q. cn mu sc theo phng lch pha 33 so vi trc R-Y gi l tn hiu I v nhng mu theo phng thc khc u c ph tn 0 1,5MHz. - Trong h NTSC chn hai thnh phn mu sc tnh theo trc I,Q. Nh vy mi mu sc khi tnh theo trc I,Q u l t hp ca cc thnh phn R-Y v B-Y vi gc quay pha 33 . Mt khc do qung bin thin ca R-Y l 0,7V v ca B-Y l 0,89V, nhng khong bin thin ny ln, nu cng cc thnh phn mu sc ny chung vi tn hiu chi truyn i xa th bin tn hiu hnh mu trong truyn hnh mu l qu ln so vi bin in p ca tn hiu chi . V vy h NTSC phi nn thnh phnn v vi h s tng ng 0,877 v 0,493 nhm mc ch gim nh bin tn hiu mu m bo s tng thch gia truyn hnh mu v truyn hnh en trng. - H NTSC c cc thnh phn tn hiu +/ Tn hiu mu , c iu ch QSAM ci vo ph tn cao ca tn hiu chi, n mang thng tin v mu sc ca bc nh. +/ Tn hiu : cho bit thng tin v chi ca bc nh +/ Tn hiu ng b dng , mnh k cng bc xung qut dng, mnh pha thu ng b pha pht. +/ ng b mu: iu khin cng bc pha v tn s ca sng mang ph ti ch sao cho ng b vi sng mang ph pha pht. +/ Tn hiu ting iu ch FM 2. u , nhc im - u im: mch m ha v gii m n gin, khng phc tp v vy gi thnh thit b thp hon so vi thit b ca h khc - Nhc im: - Rt d b sai mu khi h thng truyn tn hiu mu khng l tng v c nhiu. Mo gy ra do di tn tn hiu u b hn ch nn sinh ra s nhe danh gii gia cc di mu cn thit nm k nhau theo chiu ngang, lm cho chi b gim tn hiu thp vng gii hn cc di mu v cc chi tit mu nh.Mo gy ra do di tn ca tn hiu mang mu khc nhau.- Nu tn hiu vo knh chi c s t bin hoc cha cc thnh phn tn s cao th gii hn tc dng ca n, u ra ca b lc thng di tn s s xut hin cc dao ng tn s sng mang ph. Cc dao ng ny c tch v gy ra nhiu cc tn hiu mu. Bi v cc tn hiu mang mu cao tn l cc tn hiu c iu bin cho nn vi nhiu k trn khc phc kh. Chnh nhiu ny lm cc chi tit nh en- trng tr nn c mu khi kch thc thch hp.- Nhiu ln nhau gia cc tn hiu mang mu do i pht bin tn khng i xng khi hai bn bin tn ca thnh phn khng i xng th trong tn hiu nhn c sau tch sng c ln thanh phn . S ln nayd cng nghim trng nu c tuyn tn s my pht v my thu b sai lch. H mu PAL 1. c im H mu PAL l cm t vit tt ca Phase Alternation Line ra i ti c, chnh thc pht sng nm 1966 trn knh sng vi tiu chun CCIR vi di tn s 5,5MHz. phng php m ha c th xem nh l h NTSC ci tin, hai tn hiu mu ( ) vn c iu bin nn vung gc vo sng mang ph c chn l b s l ca =4,43MHz nhng 1 trong 2 tn hiu mu( ) by gi c o pha ln lt tng dng mt vi = v = . Bng cch ny, ti my thu, tn hiu mu t ng sa sai pha nu c sai v nh th khc phc c nhc im ca NTSC. y l h truyn hnh ng thi, n c truyn ng thi tn hiu chi v hai tn hiu mu. = 0,3 + 0,59 +0,11 -

= 0,877( = 0,493(

) )

2. u, nhc im h PAL - u im. H PAL c s mo pha nh hn hn so vi h NTSC. H PAL khng c hin tng xuyn ln mu. H PAL thun tin cho vic ghi bng hnh hn hn so vi h NTSC - Nhc im My thu hnh h PAL phc tp hn v c giy tr 64 v yu cu dy tr ny phi c cht lng cao. Tnh kt hp vi truyn hnh en trng km hn h NTSC. H mu SECAM 1. c im. - H truyn hnh mu SECAM pht trin trn knh sng OIRT vi tn s 6,5MHz, h ny c tnh chng nhiu tng i cao, km nhy vi mo pha v bin . Tn hiu chi c truyn i tt c cc dng, cn hai tn hiu mu c truyn ln lt theo dng da trn hai sng mang ph c tn s bng =4,406MHz, = 4,250MHz. Theo phng thc iu tn, cc tn hiu chi v tn hiu mu c xc nh theo biu thc sau: = 0,3 + 0,59 +0,11 =- ( )= -1,9 = ( )= 1,5( - Ph tn hiu y ca h SECAM bao gm : ph tn hiu chi c tn s l 6MHz v hai tn hiu mu c ph tn s bng 1,3MHz, hai tn hiu mu u truyn i ht c hai di bin v bin ca tn hiu mu cng nh hn bin ca tn hiu chi. - Kt lun v h SECAM +/ truyn ln lt hai tn hiu mu theo tng dng( nn cn c chuyn mch). +/Dng iu tn hai tn hiu mu bng hai sng mang ph =4,406MHz, = 4,250MHz vi khong cha tn mu 4,02 4,68MHz. +/ Tn hiu Secam Color Video gm 8 tin tc 4 tin tc nh h truyn hnh en trng. 2 tin tc v xut hin hoc ci ny, hoc ci kia ti mt thi im Tin tc nhn dng dc hoc nhn dang ngang(ch s dng 1 trong 2 ci) Tin tc le mu l tin tc nhn dng ngang( ch nhn dng tng dng) 2. u, nhc im ca h SECAM - u im: H SECAM dng phng php iu tn tn hiu v vo hai sng mang ph do c mo pha nh. - Nhc im: Do khng kh c tn s mang mu ph nn c hin tng nhiu trn khi thu chng trnh truyn hnh en trng, c hin tng nhp nhy cc dng k tip nhau ti cc vng bo ha.

Cu 27: Hy cho bit vic h PAL pha pht thc hin iu ch 1 tn hiu sc c pha o theo tng dng c tc dng g? Gii thch? m bo tnh tng thch gia truyn hnh mu v truyn hnh en trng th trn mi dng truyn tn hiu h PAL, ngoi hai thnh phn tn hiu mu cn phi truyn ng thi hai tn hiu chi . Nhng khc phc hin tng mo sai pha do iu ch SAM v tch sng SAM gy ra th h PAL c bit s truyn ng thi 2 tn hiu mu U,V v tn hiu chi trn cng 1 dng tn hiu mu v li c o pha theo tng dng t sa sai pha: c th dng th i truyn U,V th dng th i+1 truyn U,-V cng tn hiu .

Cu 28: H PAL khc phc nhc im ca h NTSC nh th no? Gii thch? H thng truyn hnh mu NTSC tn ti mt s nhc im nh s nhy cm ca tn hiu mu vi mo pha v mo vi sai. Khi la chn hai thnh phn U,V th PAL tn hiu khng phi l s ph thuc ca hai thnh phn R-Y,B-Y vi gc 33 nh thnh phn I,Q ca h NTSC. Do di ph ca U,V cng bng nhau nn m bo c vic cng iu ch i xng 2 tn hiu trnh nhiu gy ra mo do di ph khng i xng ca hai tn hiu nh h NTSC , ng vi dng n, n+1 bn thu. Khi tn ti gc mo pha vi tn hiu mu ca bn pht thi gian ng , , l mu g phi tn hiu o pha ly li gc ca tn hiu lc ly i xng qua trc U thu c + = . Lc c pha trng vi pha tn hiu cn thu, c bin gp i bin mu thu nhng do mt ngi nhy cm bo ha chp nn sai mu.

Cu 29: Vit cng thc biu din cc tn hiu sc h truyn hnh mu SECAM. Ti sao li la chn chng ngc pha nhau? = -1,9(R-Y); =1,5(B-Y)

Do c c thnh phn thng bin thin cao vi phng php iu tn c cht lng cao. Nu nh bin ca tn hiu cng nh. Hn na qua nghin cu ngi ta cho thy rng hu nh mi cnh vt thu c u c thnh phn c bin in p dng, cn thnh phn c bin in p m v vy thnh phn phi nhn vi(-1,9) sao cho khi iu tn bin tn hiu gim trong khi thnh phn v tng lm gim mo cho vic gii hn bin tn trn ca tn hiu ny gy nn. Cu 30: V s khi ca b knh chnh trc c nh. Khi thay i knh cn tc ng vo khi no? Thay i knh: Thay i in p VT t vo VCO, thc cht thay i tn s dao ng ngoi sai v tng ng s thu c cc knh, nhng vic iu chnh in p VT khng phi l iu chnh cc chit p m cn c vo mc xung ly ra t IC nh ca IC VXL. Cu 31: Chc nng ca cc dy tr 0,7 v 64 trong my thu hnh mu?

Dy tr 0,7 dng to thi gian tr 0,7 cho tn hiu mu ca 1 phn t nh n ma trn hoc n hnh mu cng 1 lc. Dy tr 64 m bo ti 1 thi im lun c hai tn hiu mu , kt hp vi mch cng v mch tr tch ring u,v ng thi thc hin sa sai v pha

Cu 32: Ti sao phi dng mch lc chung ngc h SECAM? gim bin ca cn 10% ti vng tn s mang mu gc gim xuyn ln do tn s sng mang ph ph ri v ln vo mu gy nhiu, gim vi sai, nn tn s gia gii xung. Cu 33: hy cho bit h SECAM sau mch lc chung ngc, bin ca mt tn hiu sc l bao nhiu so vi tn hiu chi? Bin ca tn hiu sc c gi l 10% so vi bin ca tn hiu chi l 100% ti tn s 4,286MHz

Cu 34: Mc xung ng b c t bao nhiu so vi tn hiu chi Truyn hnh mu -40%, truyn hnh en trng -0,25%

? Ti sao?

mc xung ng b khng hin ln mn hnh v trnh hin tng xut hin tia qut ngc trn mn hnh. Cu 35: Nguyn nhn dn n s tn ti song song ca cc h mu hin nay l g? Phi la chn sng mang ph v phng php iu ch gim thiu s xuyn ln, ph ri ln nhau gia tn hiu mu v tn hiu chi. Do c 3 h u khng t c kt qu ti u, t mt ny th my mt kia. Cu 37: Ti sao phi iu ch tn hiu mu vi sng mang ph ri mi cng chung vi tn hiu chi truyn? Bnh thng th tn hiu mu nm trong ph tn thp ca tn hiu chi m nng lng tn hiu chi li tp trung ph tn thp. Nu khng iu ch th tn hiu mu s gy cn nhiu vo tn hiu chi v ngc li.Tn hiu mang mu c em iu ch mt dao ng c tn s sng mang ph thnh tn hiu mang mu cao tn c vch ph ng vo khe h ca ph tn hiu chi c th pht i cng vi tn hiu chi trong cng mt di tn s. Cu 38: Nu tn gi v ngha ca tng tn s sau y c s dng trong k thut truyn hnh. 50Hz : tn s qut mnh ca h SECAM v PAL ( ) 60Hz: Tn s qut mnh ca h NTSC 2 tn s ny bng tn s nhp nhy ti hn nn khi khi phc li hnh nh, nh trn mn my thu hnh khng b nhp nhy. Hz Tn s qut dng ca h SECAM v PAL ( ) Hz Tn s qut dng ca h NTSC Khi qut cch dng th s dng ca mi nh phi l s l: z=2n+1, m l s nguyn bt k. M mnh c (m+a) dng Trong qut xen k, tn s dng phi lun l bi s ca tn s mnh. Ta c =(m+1/2) . i vi h SECAM v PAL, s dng trong 1 nh l 625, do cch qut xen k, tng 1 giy c 50 mnh c truyn( mi mnh c 312,5 dng) thay v 25 nh( mi nh c 625 dng). =50Hz =50.312,5=15625Hz. Tng t vi h NTSC s dng trong 1 nh l 525. =60Hz =60.262,5=15750Hz. 3,58MHz: Tn s sng mang ph ca h NTSC iu ch vi tn hiu mang mu thnh tn hiu mang mu cao tn, nhiu ca tn hiu mang mu cao tn i vi knh chi t nht. MHz: Tn s mang mu ph khi cha iu ch i vi cc dng truyn hnh tn hiu h SECAM. =282. =282.15625=4,406MHz : Tn s mang mu ph khi cha iu ch i vi cc dng truyn hnh h SECAM =272. =272.15625=4,25MHz. 4,286MHz: Tn s trung gian trong h SECAM. 4,43MHz: Tn s sng mang ph h PAL. 4,5MHz: Khong cch h NTSC. 5,5MHz: Khong cch h PAL. 6,5MHz: Khong cch h SECAM. (vi l tn s sng mang hnh, l tn s sng mang ting)

Cu 39: Chc nng ca khi vi x l trong my thu hnh mu? Nhn lnh t bn phm hoc cc cm bin iu khin chc nng ca my nh: tt, m ngun, chuyn knh, iu chnh m lng, mu sc.

Cu 40: Chc nng ca n hnh mu? Cu to ca n hnh Inline ? n hnh Trinitron? Chc nng: n hnh mu c chc nng bin i tn hiu in thnh tn hiu quang( nh mu). Cu to ca n hnh Trinitron. - L loi n hnh mu ch c mt h thng in t- quang hc ma c kh nng to ra 3 tia in t. - 3 ng tia in t c xp thnh chiu ngang trn trc ngang, ng phng G ngay tm chnh, 2 ng phng R v B nm hai bn v i xng nhau. - Mn hnh quang gm cc sc , lc, lam xp xen k nhau. Li c l cng thay i l cc khe h nm song song vi sc l cy. Ba tia R,G,B nm ngang. Tia G i thng chui qua khe p vo sc G, 2 tia R v B c hi t ti khe v p cho vo cc mn hunh quang tng ng ca chng.Vic hiu chnh hi t ngang dung bn lnh song song c thc hin nh cu to mt ng phng vi 3 tia ngang.cc gia tc, cc hi t v anot th 2(gm 1 v 2) l chung cho c 3 tia in t. - Lng knh tch in gm 2 phin trong bn v hai phin ngoi ba bng kim loi ng quy 3 tia in t. u ,nhc im ca mn hnh Trinitron. - u im: sng mn hnh tng i ln, do s lng in t ti mn hnh quang tng i nhiu. nt v bo ha ca nh tt. Gim nh hng ca t trng trong tri t n sch mu. Gim nh c cng sut qut dng v qut mnh cung cp cho cun li tia. C cu n gin d iu chnh. - Nhc im: S trn mu khng hon ho v im tam xp khng thng hang, gc n mt ngi ca 3 tia R,G,B khng ng u. tinh mu theo chiu dc km, ng qut ca dng bn trn c th b nhe vo dng qut bn di. khc phc iu ny phi tng in p HV nn n hnh c gi thnh cao. Cu to n hnh Inline. - Mn hunh quang gm nhiu di hunh quang dc v mnh, 3 di mu R,G,B hp thnh b 3. Gia cc di hunh quang ngi ta phur1 cht c kh nng hp th nh sng. Nhng tng thm cht lng tinh mu theo chiu dc, cc sc pht quang c ngt ra tng qung tng ng vi tng dng mt. khe li h cng phi thay i cho ph hp v trc mi im G li khoan mt l hnh dng ging im G. - Ba ng phng tia c xp ngang trn trc ngang, ng phng G ngay chnh tm,2 ng R v B nm hai bn i xng vi nhau. ng quy 3 tia in t, dng 4 xuyn nam chm vnh cu dt( 2 xuyn 4 cc t v 2 xuyn 6 cc t) qung ln c n hnh. Qu trnh ny c thc hin mt ln ti hng sn xut.

Cu 41: so snh cu to ca n hnh Inline v Trinitron Ging: - u c 3 tia in t c xp ngang trn trc ngang. - Mn hunh quang gm cc sc , lc, lam xp xen k. Khc nhau: v c bn n, n Inline vn l n Trinnitron nhng chng khc nhau - n Inline: +/ mn hunh quang: cc sc pht quang c ngt ra tng qung tng ng vi tng mu mt. +/ Hiu chnh h t tia in t: ng quy 3 tia in t dung 4 nam chm vnh cu dt(2 xuyn 4 cc t v 2 xuyn 6 cc t) qung c n hnh. Vic hiu chnh ny c thc hin mt ln ti hng sx. - n Trinitron: vic hiu chnh hi t ngang dung bn lnh song song c thc hin nh cu to 1 ng phng vi 3 tia ngang. Cc gia tc, cc hi t, anot th 2 ( gm 1 v 2) l chung cho c 3 tia in t. mt lang knh tch in gm 2 phin ngoi 3 bng kim loi ng quy 3 tia in t.

Cu 42: u, nhc im ca ngun n p xung so vi ngun n p tuyn tnh. u im: Khc phc c 2 nhc im ca mch n p tuyn tnh l: di thng m rng, transistor cng sut lm vic hiu qu hn Nhc im: +/ n nh km. +/gy nhiu. +/ h s gn sng thay i theo ti.

Cu 43: Nguyn tc ca b ngun n p xung dung phng php iu chnh rng xung?

Cu 44: Ti sao trong truyn hnh th tn hiu hnh nh c iu ch AM cn tn hiu m thanh c iu ch FM. AM( iu ch bin ) l qt iu ch t/h tn s thp vo tn s cao theo phng thc bin i tn hiu cao tn theo hnh dng ca tn hiu m tn tn hiu cao tn thu c gi l sng mang. u im ca iu ch AM l c th truyn tn hiu i xa hang nghn km. Nhng c hn ch l sng mang d b can nhim, di tn m thanh b ct xn do c im ca mch tch sng iu bin, cht lng m thanh b hn ch nn ngi ta thng dung iu ch AM truyn hnh nh i xa ch khng truyn m thanh. FM( iu ch tn s) l phng thc lm thay i tn s ca tn hiu cao tn theo bin ca tn hiu m tn, khong tn s bin i l 150KHz. Sng FM c nhiu u im v mt tn s, di m thanh sau khi tch sng iu tn c cht lng tt, cho m thanh trung thc v c th truyn m thanh stereo, sng FM t b can nhim hn so vi sng AM nn rt thch hp cho vic truyn tn hiu m thanh i xa. l l do ngi ta dung iu ch FM truyn tn hiu m thanh.