CHUYN CU TRC PHN T- LIN KT HA HC- TNH CHT

. Phn 2: Bi tp vn dng: 1- S dung m hinh v s y nhau cua cac cp electron hoa tri (m hinh VSEPR), d oan dang hinh hoc, xc nh dng lai ha ca nguyn t trung tm cua cac ion va phn t sau: - BeH2, BCl3, NF3, SiF62-, I3-, HgCl2; CO2, NO2+, NO2, IF3, CrOCl2 - PO3Cl2-, [PCl4]+, ICl3, SO2Cl2, ClO3F; SCl4, IOF3, BrF4-, XeF4, ClF5, XeF6, POCl3 - SnCl5-, IF5, [SbF6]3-, OCCl2, CO(NH2)2, OCl2, SCl2, ClF2+, H5IO6, ClO2F - H2O2, N2F2, I2O5, Cl2O7 2- Ti sao phn t ClF3 khng c dng tam gic u nh BF3, hoc dng t din nh NH3 m li c dng hnh ch T?
+ 3- M t s hnh thnh lin kt trong phn t NH3, NH 4 , BF3. V s xen ph cc obitan hnh thnh lin kt. 4- Vit cng thc VSEPR ca cc phn t v ion SO 32 , CO32 , NO3 , SO3 v cho bit ion hoc phn t no c cng hnh dng vi phn t NH3? 5- Trong cc phn t v ion SO3 , SO32 , ClF3, ClO3 , tiu phn no c cng dng hnh hc vi ion NO3? 6- So snh dng hnh hc ca cc cp ion di y v cho bit cp no gm hai ion c cng hnh dng? A. CO32 v NO3 B. CO32 v SO32 7- V cc cu trc c th ca ion I3 , dng no l bn nht, ti sao? 8- Da vo thuyt VSEPR, hy so snh cc gc lin kt trong nhng phn t BF 3, CF4, NF3, OF2 v ch ra phn t no c gc lin kt ln nht? 9- Nguyn t N trong NH3, NH2, NH4+ u c bao quanh bi 8 electron. Hy sp xp cc phn t v ion trn theo chiu tng dn gc lin kt HNH. 10- Hy sp xp cc phn t H2Se, H2S, H2O theo th t tng dn gc lin kt. 11- Trong cc phn t NCl3, SO3 , PCl5, CO2, H2O, BF3, PCl3, SO2, SCl2, CS2 v NO2 phn t no khng phn cc, phn t no c cc? 12- So snh gc lin kt trong dy OCX2; SOX2 ( X l F, Cl, Br) 13- Cho cc phn t: Cl2O ; O3 ; SO2 ; NO2 ; CO2 v cc tr s gc lin kt: 120 0 ; 1110 ; 1320 ; 1170 ; 1800. Hy ghi gi tr gc lin kt trn cho ph hp vi cc phn t tng ng v gii thch (ngn gn) 14- - Thc nghim cho bit c ba hp cht CHBr 3, SiHBr3, CH(CH3)3 u c cu to t din. C ba tr s gc lin kt ti tm l 110o; 111o; 112o(khng k ti H khi xt cc gc ny). m in ca H l 2,20; CH 3 l 2,27; Csp3 l 2,47; Si l 2,24; Br l 2,50. Da vo m hnh s y gia cc cp e ha tr (VSEPR) v m in, hy cho bit tr s gc ca mi hp cht v gii thch 15- Nu v gii thch quy lut bin i v gc lin kt trong cc dy cht sau - NH3, PH3, AsH3, SbH3 - H2O, H2S, H2Se, H2Te - PF3, PCl3, PBr3, PI3 16-- Khi nghin cu cu trc ca PCl5 (rn), PBr5 (rn) bng tia X ngi ta thy rng - Trong tinh th PCl5 gm cc ion [PCl4]+ v [PCl6]- Trong tinh th PBr5 gm cc ion [PBr4]+ v BrHy cho bit cu trc ca cc ion trn v gii thch s khc nhau gia PCl5 v PBr5 ' ' ' 17. Hp cht gia cc halogen: XX 3 , XX5 XX 7

a- Cho bit dng hnh hc trng, thi lai ha ca cc nguyn t trung tm trong cc phn t hp cht gia ' ' ' cc halogen: XX3 , XX 5 XX 7 b- So snh gc lin kt FBrF v FClF trong cc phn t ClF3 v BrF3. Gii thich. c- trng thi lng, IF5, phn ly phn ng: + 2IF5 = IF4 + IF6
+ 2BrF3 = BrF4 + BrF2 Xc nh cu trc ca cc ion v cho bit trng thi lai ha ca nguyn t trung tm d- Cho bit s bin i bn nhit trong dy XF3, XF5 , XF7 ( X l Cl, Br, I). 18-- M t s hnh thnh lin kt, so snh gc lin kt, nng lng lin kt, nhit nng chy, nhit si, tnh baz ca cc cp cht sau: - PH3 v NH3 - trimetylamin (H3C)3N v trisilylamin (H3Si)3N. - BF3 v NF3 ; - NH3 v NF3 19- Trong s cc cacbonyl halogenua COX2 ngi ta ch iu ch c 3 cht: cacbonyl florua COF2, cacbonyl clorua COCl2 v cacbonyl bromua COBr2. a. V sao khng c hp cht cacbonyl ioua COI2? b. So snh gc lin kt cc phn t cacbonyl halogenua bit. 20- Da vo cu to phn t, hy gii thch: a. Phn t kh CO c nng lng lin kt ln (1070 kJ.mol 1), ln hn c nng lng lin kt ba trong phn t kh N2 (924 kJ.mol1). b. CO v N2 c tnh cht vt l tng i ging nhau, nhng c nhng tnh cht ha hc khc nhau (CO c tnh kh mnh hn, c kh nng to phc cao hn N2). 21-a -Oleum l hn hp c to ra khi cho SO3 tan trong H2SO4 c, trong c cc dng polisunfuric: axit isunfuric, trisunfuric, tetra sunfuric. Vit cng thc cu to ca cc dng axit trn. b-SO3 c kh nng kt hp vi H2O, HF, HCl, NH3 chuyn S t trng thi lai ha sp2 sang sp3. Vit ptp, CTCT ca sn phm to thnh. c- Khi cho S tc dng vi flo ngoi sn phm SF 6 cn c th c SF4 v S2F10. Vit cu trc phn t ca cc cht trn, cho bit trng thi lai ha ca S. d- Cho bit cu trc ca tionyl halogenua v sunfuryl halogenua. So snh gc XSX trong cc dy cht. ( X l F, Cl, Br. Vit phn phn ng thy phn SOCl2 v SO2Cl2. 22- Vit cng thc Lewis, d on dng hnh hc ca cc phn t v ion sau (c gii thch) v trng thi lai ha ca nguyn t trung tm? 2 SO2; SO3; SO4 SO42- ; SF4; SCN23. Cho cc phn t: xenon iflorua (1), xenon tetraflorua (2), xenon trioxit (3), xenon tetraoxit (4), bo triflorua (5), (6), (7). a. V cu hnh hc t (c cc cp electron t do (nu c) ca nguyn t trung tm) ca cc cht t (1) n (6). b. D on gc lin kt mi phn t ni trn. c. Trong phn t axetamit, 3 lin kt vi nguyn t nit u nm trong cng mt mt phng. V sao? ( Trch thi HSG QG nm 2010) 24- Da vo thuyt MO: + 2 a- Sp xp cc phn t v ion sau theo chiu tng di lin kt: - O2; O2 , O2 , O2 - NO. NO+, NOb- Trong cc tiu phn: OH, NO, CN-, tiu phn no d b oxi ha nht, d b kh nht, d b proton ha nht