Hi tho Mi trng v Pht trin bn vng, Vn Quc gia Cn o, 18/06/2010 20/06/2010 Workshop on Environment and Sustainable Development, Con

n Dao National Park, 18th 20th June 2010

XC NH CC TC NG MI TRNG NH HNG N SINH THI TRONG HOT NG DU LCH HIN HU TI VN QUC GIA TRM CHIM V XUT S B CC GII PHP GII QUYT
Nguyn Thin Di, Nguyn Kim Hu1 Nguyn Hin Thn, Nguyn Th Thanh Hu, Nguyn Th H Vy, Trng Nguyt Giang, Trnh Th Ngc Hin2 1 Khoa Mi trng v Ti nguyn, i hc Nng Lm TPHCM 2 Sinh vin Khoa Mi trng v Ti Nguyn, i Hc Nng Lm TPHCM Email: nhomtramchimdlst@yahoo.com
1. T VN Vn quc gia Trm Chim vi s a dng sinh hc cao l ngun gen qu him ca th gii. M hnh du lch sinh thi ti VQG Trm Chim mi ang hnh thnh v cn trong giai on s khai nn cn c quy hoch ph hp pht huy hiu qu vai tr bo tn DSH v pht trin bn vng c s tham gia ca cng ng. c k hoach quy hoch ph hp th trc tin phi xc nh c cc tc ng mi trng nh hng n cc h sinh thi t hot ng du lch hin ti ca VQG l nh th no. T c nhng bin php khc phc v a ra chin lc pht trin bn vng. Nhm gp phn vo s pht trin bn vng , nhm chng ti tin hnh thc hin ti Xc nh cc tc ng mi trng nh hng n sinh thi trong hot ng du lch hin hu ti vn quc gia Trm Chim v sut s b cc gii php gii quyt 2. VT LIU V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

Phng php quan st thc a: Phng php phn tch SWOT: (S: Strenghts, W: Weakness, O: Opportunities, T: Threats) Phng php d bo lng du khch v tnh ton sc chu ti Phng php nh gi mi trng ang c p dng nh bng lit k (checklist), ma trn (matrix) Cc phng php iu tra sinh thi hc Phng php thu thp s liu t tham kho ti liu Phng php phng vn bng cu hi.

3. KT QU NGHIN CU V THO LUN

__________________________________________________________________________________________ Xc nh cc tc ng mi trng nh hng n sinh thi trong hot ng du lch hin hu ti VQG Trm Chim v xut s b cc gii php gii quyt 186 Nhm sinh vin DH06DL Khoa Mi trng v Ti nguyn, i hc Nng Lm Tp. HCM

Hi tho Mi trng v Pht trin bn vng, Vn Quc gia Cn o, 18/06/2010 20/06/2010 Workshop on Environment and Sustainable Development, Con Dao National Park, 18th 20th June 2010

3.1 Xc nh cc tc ng ca hot ng du lch n h sinh thi ti VQG Trm Chim Trong cc tuyn tham quan hin nay c mt s vn nh hng n mi trng v nh hng n cng tc bo tn nh sau: i vi tuyn tham quan cnh quan ng Thp Mi: Phng tin vn chuyn du khch gy ra ting n, cng vi s xut hin ca con ngi l nguyn nhn lm cho cc loi ng vt hong s, Pht sinh rc thi t vic n ung ca du khch.. Hot ng cu c: pht sinh nhiu vn nguy c nh hng n ti nguyn. Du khch cu c khng c gim st cht ch bi cc cn b qun l. i tng cu c thng l cc phi nam, nu h bit ht thuc th y l nguy c d gy chy rng, pht sinh rc thi. nh gi chung v tc ng ca hot ng tour tuyn du lch ca vn quc gia Trm Chim th hin qua bng sau: Bng 1: Tc ng ca hot ng du lch n ti nguyn v mi trng
Tc ng S TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hot ng Tham quan sinh cnh ng Thp Mi ti khu A1 Xem su u Cu c Xem chim sinh sn Cm tri Nu n phc v khch Khng kh + + + + + + Nc + + ++ t + + ++ Rc thi +++ + ++ + ++ ng vt +++ ++ +++ +++ + + Thc vt ++ + + ++ +

nh gi cc tc ng bng cch cho im: + ++ +++ t tc ng Tc ng trung bnh Tc ng mnh

Tnh hnh v ngun nc hin ti ca VQG c th hin qua bng sau:

__________________________________________________________________________________________ Xc nh cc tc ng mi trng nh hng n sinh thi trong hot ng du lch hin hu ti VQG Trm Chim v xut s b cc gii php gii quyt 187 Nhm sinh vin DH06DL Khoa Mi trng v Ti nguyn, i hc Nng Lm Tp. HCM

Hi tho Mi trng v Pht trin bn vng, Vn Quc gia Cn o, 18/06/2010 20/06/2010 Workshop on Environment and Sustainable Development, Con Dao National Park, 18th 20th June 2010

Bng 2: Thng s cc ch th trong nc ti VQG Trm Chim nm 2009

Ch tiu t 1( 18/9/2009 ) o a im pH EC 109,4 DO 11,94 To 30,1 Nc chy vo Vn 6,3 3.35 0,55 30,9 ng cng Ghi ch pH EC DO To t 2( 09/12/2009 ) Ghi ch

Trong (cch cng 6,14 50m) Trm C1 Trong (cch cng 6,39 100m) Ngoi Trong (cch cng 50m) Trong (cch cng 100m) Ngoi Trong (cch cng 50m) Trong (cch cng 100m) Ngoi Trong Ngoi (cch cng 50m) Ngoi (cch cng 100m) 6,2 6,57 6,65 6,44 6,61 6,6 6,43 6,42 6,15 6,16

112,5 109,5 111,8 113,2 111,1 113,8 114 111,7 108,5 112,2 112,6

11,72 5,25 7,23 6,23 10,87 4,93 24,89 11,1 1,74 2,99 3,58

30,5 29 30,1 30,6 30,5 31,2 31,8 30,7 31 30,1 30,2

6,42 Nc chy vo Vn

567

3,35 30,7

Trm C2

6,46

580

3,58 29,8 ng cng 2,1 30,6

6,39 Nc chy vo Vn

495

Trm C3

6,41

181,8 2,1

32,4 ng cng

6,54 6,53 Nc chy ra sng

238 489

1,76 30,3 3,75 31,3 ng 4,16 30,6 cng

Trm C4

6,29

7.13

(Ngun: Phng khoa hc k thut VQG Trm Chim) Qua bng s liu o c ghi nhn nh sau: pH nc gia cc t quan trc khng c s bin i ln t ( 6,14 6,54) v lun t mc cho php ( 6,0 8,5 cho nc sinh hot, 6,5 8,5 cho nc ung ). Nh vy v mt tnh cht axit v tnh cht baz lun nm trong mc cho php theo tiu chun. Thch hp cho cc loi thy sn sinh sng.

__________________________________________________________________________________________ Xc nh cc tc ng mi trng nh hng n sinh thi trong hot ng du lch hin hu ti VQG Trm Chim v xut s b cc gii php gii quyt 188 Nhm sinh vin DH06DL Khoa Mi trng v Ti nguyn, i hc Nng Lm Tp. HCM

Hi tho Mi trng v Pht trin bn vng, Vn Quc gia Cn o, 18/06/2010 20/06/2010 Workshop on Environment and Sustainable Development, Con Dao National Park, 18th 20th June 2010

DO cao vo u ma l do iu kin chy trn trn b mt v t t 1,74 24,89 v gim

dn vo cui ma t mc t 0,55 3,75 do cc h thng cng ng, s chy trn trn b mt thp hn vo u ma l. Tuy nhin, vi iu kin nh vy vn m bo cho s sinh trng v pht trin ca cc loi thy sn. dn in (EC) t bin ng vo u ma l t 108,5 113,2 tng dn vo cui ma. Cc ch s ny cng cho thy nc ti VQG Trm Chim vn bnh thng, cha c vn nhim t hot ng du lch. C s vt cht phc v du lch, sinh hot ca du khch cng gy ra cc tc ng Bng 3: Tc ng ca c s vt cht n mi trng v ti nguyn C s vt cht Hin ti trung tm hnh chnh c 07 phng n khch. 03 i quan st 01 trm dng chn khu A1 thuc phn khu bo v nghim ngt. 03 thuyn a khch i tham quan. Sn phm du lch Tc ng n sinh thi Pht sinh lng nc thi nh hng n cc loi ng vt. X thi rc ba bi nh hng n cnh quan nh hng n s sinh sng ca thc vt nc v cc loi ng vt.

Cc hot ng tham quan nh hng n sinh thi rt ln v c s xut hin ca du khch ni sng ca cc loi ng vt. Nhu cu s dng nc ca VQG Trm Chim l: 30,862 (m3/ngy m). Ti lng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot ti VQG Trm Chim c th hin qua bng sau: Bng 4: Ti lng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot ti VQG Trm Chim
S TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Cht nhim BOD5 COD (Dicromate) Cht rn l lng (SS) Du m Tng Nit Amni Tng Pht Pho Tng Coliform (MPN/100ml) Khi lng (kg/ngy) 5,3 6,32 8,424 11,934 8,2 14,04 1,2 3,5 0,702 1,404 0,28 0,562 0,094 0,468 117.103 117.106

(Ngun: da theo WHO, 1993)

Vn vn cha c h thng x l nc thi, ton b nc thi u c thi xung knh gy nhim ngun nc, ti khu vc Tr s cn gy mi hi thi ti cc hm cha nc.

__________________________________________________________________________________________ Xc nh cc tc ng mi trng nh hng n sinh thi trong hot ng du lch hin hu ti VQG Trm Chim v xut s b cc gii php gii quyt 189 Nhm sinh vin DH06DL Khoa Mi trng v Ti nguyn, i hc Nng Lm Tp. HCM

Hi tho Mi trng v Pht trin bn vng, Vn Quc gia Cn o, 18/06/2010 20/06/2010 Workshop on Environment and Sustainable Development, Con Dao National Park, 18th 20th June 2010

Lng rc thi ti vn mt ngy l 117 x 0,5 = 58,5 kg/ ngy. Tnh trng x rc ba bi ca du khch vn din ra thng xuyn, gy mt cnh quan ti cc im tham quan.

Hnh 1 Rc ti thp quan st

Hnh 2 Rc ti trung tm DLST

Cng tc qun l cng l nguyn nhn gy nn cc tc ng n h sinh thi. i ng nhn vin hot ng trong du lch sinh thi ti Vn thiu v yu, trong thiu cc cn b c chuyn mn v am hiu v DLST l nhiu nht. Vic lng ghp cng tc gio dc mi trng vo DLST ti VQG Trm Chim cn nhiu hn ch nn cc tc ng ca du khch n mi trng cn cao. Cc p lc ca cng ng a phng dn c ln vn quc gia Trm Chim cao v i sng ca cng ng a phng xung quanh Vn cn rt kh khn. Phn ln h u phi da vo ti nguyn rng sng cho nn p lc ca h i vi VQG Trm Chim l rt ln. Hot ng DLST ti Vn cha c s tham gia ca cng ng v em li li ch cho h.

3.4 xut gii php gim thiu cc tc ng v pht trin du lch sinh thi
p ng nhu cu ngy cng cao ca du khch Vn cn m thm mt s tuyn nh xem h sinh thi: la ma, c nng, hoa hong u n, in in v cc loi sinh thi khc m Vn c theo ma cho m iu kin ti nguyn cho php. Pht trin hot ng cm tri v ngh qua m ti cc thp quan st, i b (trecking), n ca ti t, cho thuyn ngm cnh ng Thp Mi. hn ch cc tc ng cn tnh sc chu ti cho cc im tham quan hin ti: 9 Khu vc cm tri: 5 ngi/ngy.
__________________________________________________________________________________________ Xc nh cc tc ng mi trng nh hng n sinh thi trong hot ng du lch hin hu ti VQG Trm Chim v xut s b cc gii php gii quyt 190 Nhm sinh vin DH06DL Khoa Mi trng v Ti nguyn, i hc Nng Lm Tp. HCM

Hi tho Mi trng v Pht trin bn vng, Vn Quc gia Cn o, 18/06/2010 20/06/2010 Workshop on Environment and Sustainable Development, Con Dao National Park, 18th 20th June 2010

9 Tuyn 1 (t trung tm du lch- tuyn knh s 01 dng li i vng cnh C4 dc theo tuyn knh ng Mi Nh theo tuyn knh s 04 v trung tm du lch ): 116 ngi/ngy. 9 Tuyn 2 T trung tm du lch- knh s 01 dng chn ti i vng cnh C4 dc theo tuyn knh Mi Nh 1/3 on knh r phi n i vng cnh s 3 theo knh s 3 - knh s 4 v Trung tm du lch): 260 ngi. Trn c s lng ghp cng tc gio dc mi trng vo DLST ti VQG Trm Chim: thc hin ng ni quy tham quan VQG Trm Chim, thc hin cng tc din gii cho du khch khi tham quan. Cn t chc qun l v nhn lc: (1)Tng cng nng cao nng lc cho cn b qun l v ngun nhn lc hot ng trong lnh vc DLST vn quc gia, (2)Thu ht nhn ti v lm vic ti vn thng qua cc hnh thc h tr u i v lng hp dn, nng cao hnh nh vn to nim am m, li cun ngh nghip. Xy dng cc chng trnh, chnh sch v quy hoch pht trin trong du lch sinh thi. y mnh cng tc qun l v x l cc cht thi v rc thi pht sinh t hot ng du lch: s dng nc tit kim, hn ch pht sinh rc thi bng vic nng cao thc khi s dng v thu gom v x l nc thi, rc thi. Tng cng hn na cng tc tuyn truyn v gio dc mi trng cho du khch v cng ng a phng. Thu ht s tham gia ca cng ng a phng vo hot ng du lch sinh thi ca Vn. 4. KT LUN V KIN NGH Kt qu iu tra v kho st ban u cho thy ti nguyn du lch th phong ph a dng c sc hp dn cao, tuy nhin hot ng du lch sinh thi ti vn quc gia Trm Chim cn rt yu, ti nguyn du lch th phong ph a dng c sc hp dn cao. Hot ng du lch ti y ang gy tc ng ln nht l vn rc thi v nc thi, nh hng n i sng ca ng vt. Trong vn rc thi ang gy tc ng xu nht n cng tc qun l. p lc ca cng ng a phng l vn ang gy nhiu kh khn cho cng tc bo tn v s kt hp ca vic pht trin du lch sinh thi vi cng ng. Theo ti, nguyn nhn gy nn cc tc ng tiu cc n h sinh thi ca Vn l thc ca du khch cn thp, nng lc qun l ca Vn cn yu, i sng cng ng a phng cn qu kh khn.

__________________________________________________________________________________________ Xc nh cc tc ng mi trng nh hng n sinh thi trong hot ng du lch hin hu ti VQG Trm Chim v xut s b cc gii php gii quyt 191 Nhm sinh vin DH06DL Khoa Mi trng v Ti nguyn, i hc Nng Lm Tp. HCM

Hi tho Mi trng v Pht trin bn vng, Vn Quc gia Cn o, 18/06/2010 20/06/2010 Workshop on Environment and Sustainable Development, Con Dao National Park, 18th 20th June 2010

Trn c s xc nh cc tc ng n h sinh thi chng ti nu ra mt s gii php mang tnh tnh th nhm hn ch cc tc ng v gip cho hot ng du lch sinh thi ca Vn pht trin tt hn. gii quyt trit cc tc ng tiu cc n mi trng v m bo pht trin bn vng, ti xin c a ra mt s kin ngh: Cn thc hin tt cng tc quy hoch pht trin du lch sinh thi cho VQG Trm Chim gn lin vi cng tc bo v mi trng; Ch trng xy dng ngun nhn lc cho VQG p ng yu cu c v lng v cht. Xy dng v thc hin hiu qu cc chng trnh hnh ng nhm nng cao nhn thc v bo v mi trng v nng cao cht lng cuc sng cho cng ng a phng. . TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Ch nh L, 2009. Phn tch h thng mi trng. Nh xut bn i hc Quc Gia TP.

HCM.

2. L Huy B, 2007. Du lch sinh thi. Nh xut bn i hc Quc Gia TP. HCM. 3. L Trnh, 2000. nh gi tc ng mi trng phng php v ng dng. NXB khoa hc
v k thut.

4. Ng An, 2009. Du lch sinh thi. H Nng Lm TP. HCM. (Lu hnh ni b) 5. Nguyn Bo V v L Vnh Phc, 2005. Gio trnh seminar 1. T sch i hc Cn Th. 6. Trn Vn Thng, 2003. Quy hoch du lch nhng vn l lun v thc tin. Kha du
lch, H Dn Lp Vn Lang. (Lu hnh ni b)

7. Trn Vn Thng. Tng quan du lch. Kha du lch, H Dn Lp Vn Lan. (Lu hnh ni
b).

__________________________________________________________________________________________ Xc nh cc tc ng mi trng nh hng n sinh thi trong hot ng du lch hin hu ti VQG Trm Chim v xut s b cc gii php gii quyt 192 Nhm sinh vin DH06DL Khoa Mi trng v Ti nguyn, i hc Nng Lm Tp. HCM