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B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG I HC KINH T TP.HCM


_______________________________









NGUYN CAO ANH



ti:

NH GI S HI LNG CA NGI LAO NG
I VI DOANH NGHIP TRN A BN TNH BN TRE




Chuyn ngnh: KINH T PHT TRIN
M s: 60.31.05



LUN VN THC S KINH T


Ngi hng dn khoa hc: PGS.TS. INH PHI H







TP. H Ch Minh - Nm 2011



MC LC

Trang
Danh mc hnh
Danh mc bng
PHN M U....................................................................................................... 1
1. Tnh cp thit ca ti ......................................................................................... 1
2. Mc tiu nghin cu............................................................................................... 2
3. i tng v phm vi nghin cu.......................................................................... 2
4. Phng php nghin cu........................................................................................ 3
5. Kt cu ca ti ................................................................................................... 4
Chng 1: C S L THUYT V M HNH NGHIN CU...................... 5
1.1. L thuyt v s tha mn ca ngi lao ng.................................................... 5
1.1.1. Mt s khi nim....................................................................................... 5
1.1.2. Mt s l thuyt nghin cu v s tha mn............................................. 8
1.1.2.1. L thuyt nhu cu cp bc ca Abraham Maslow........................... 8
1.1.2.2. L thuyt cng bng ca John Stacey Adam................................... 8
1.1.2.3. L thuyt thnh tu ca James L. McClelland ................................ 9
1.1.2.4. L thuyt k vng ca Victor Vroom............................................ 10
1.1.2.5. M hnh c im cng vic ca Hackman & Oldham................. 12
1.1.2.6. L thuyt hai nhn t ca Herzberg............................................... 14
1.1.2.7. L thuyt ERG ca Clayton P. Alderfer ........................................ 15
1.1.2.8. M hnh tng th hnh vi t chc Kreitner & Kinicki................... 16
1.1.2.9. So snh c im ca mt s l thuyt .......................................... 17
1.1.3. Mt s nghin cu v thang o nhn t .................................................. 19
1.1.3.1. Ch s m t cng vic JDI ca Smith, Kendall v Hulin ............. 19
1.1.3.2. Tiu ch o lng tha mn MSQ ca Weiss ................................ 20
1.1.3.3. Gi tr o lng cng vic ca Edwin Locke ................................ 20
1.1.3.4. Bo co kho st ca SHRM......................................................... 21
1.1.4. Mt s kt qu nghin cu ...................................................................... 22

1.1.4.1. Kt qu nghin cu ca Andrew.................................................... 22
1.1.4.2. Kt qu nghin cu ca Keith & John........................................... 23
1.1.4.3. Kt qu nghin cu ca Tom......................................................... 23
1.1.4.4. Kt qu nghin cu ca Trn Kim Dung v cng s..................... 23
1.2. M hnh nghin cu ca ti .......................................................................... 24
1.2.1. Qu trnh hnh thnh................................................................................ 24
1.2.2. Cc tiu ch nh gi trong cc thang o nhn t.................................... 25
1.2.3. M hnh nh gi s hi lng ca ngi lao ng
i vi doanh nghip trn a bn tnh Bn Tre..................................... 27

Chng 2: THIT K NGHIN CU................................................................ 29
2.1. Thit k nghin cu........................................................................................... 29
2.1.1. Gii thiu quy trnh nghin cu............................................................... 29
2.1.2. Thang o.................................................................................................. 31
2.1.3. Chn mu................................................................................................. 32
2.1.3.1. Phng php chn mu.................................................................. 32
2.1.3.2. Kch thc mu.............................................................................. 33
2.1.4. Xy dng bng cu hi, cch thc thu thp thng tin............................. 34
2.2. Cng c phn tch k thut................................................................................ 35
2.2.1. Thng k m t........................................................................................ 35
2.2.2. Kim nh tin cy thang o ................................................................ 35
2.2.3. Phn tch nhn t khm ph EFA............................................................ 37
2.2.3.1. Kim nh phn tch nhn t EFA................................................. 38
2.2.3.2. Gii thch ngha nhn t.............................................................. 39
2.2.3.3. Qu trnh thc hin phn tch nhn t EFA................................... 41
2.2.4. Phn tch tng quan v hi quy............................................................. 42

Chng 3: KT QU NGHIN CU................................................................. 45
3.1. Kim tra c s d liu....................................................................................... 45
3.1.1. Chn mu................................................................................................. 45
3.1.2. Cch thc thu thp thng tin.................................................................... 45

3.2. Thng k m t.................................................................................................. 46
3.2.1. M t c im c nhn ca ngi lao ng........................................... 46
3.2.2. Kt hp v so snh c im c nhn...................................................... 47
3.2.3. M t nhn t quan tm ca ngi lao ng........................................... 50
3.2.4. M t nguyn vng ca ngi lao ng.................................................. 51
3.2.5. M t vn kh khn ca ngi lao ng ............................................ 52
3.2.6. M t ch phc li, chng trnh o to........................................... 52
3.2.7. Tm tt kt qu thng k m t............................................................... 52
3.3. Kim nh tin cy thang o.......................................................................... 53
3.3.1. Kt qu kim nh tin cy thang o nhn t....................................... 53
3.3.2. Kt qu kim nh tin cy tiu ch o lng chung............................ 54
3.4. Phn tch nhn t khm ph EFA...................................................................... 54
3.4.1. Phn tch nhn t EFA ca tp hp bin X
k
(k=50) ................................ 54
3.4.2. Phn tch nhn t EFA ca 3 tiu ch o lng chung............................ 56
3.4.3. Kim nh tham s One-Sample T-Test bin nhn t (CHUNG) ........... 56
3.5. Phn tch tng quan v hi quy....................................................................... 57
3.5.1. iu chnh gi thuyt............................................................................... 57
3.5.2. Kt qu hi quy v kim nh.................................................................. 58
3.6. So snh c im c nhn nh hng n s hi lng...................................... 61
3.6.1. Gii tnh................................................................................................... 61
3.6.2. Nhm tui ................................................................................................ 61
3.6.3. Trnh hc vn...................................................................................... 62
3.6.4. Doanh nghip........................................................................................... 62
3.6.5. Thi gian lm vic................................................................................... 62
3.6.6. Thu nhp.................................................................................................. 63
3.6.7. Ch phc li........................................................................................ 63
3.7. Tm tt kt qu nghin cu............................................................................... 63

Chng 4: KT LUN V GI MT S GII PHP............................... 65
4.1. Kt lun ............................................................................................................. 65
4.2. Gi mt s gii php...................................................................................... 66

4.2.1. Nhm gii php chnh tc ng n s hi lng chung ca
ngi lao ng i vi doanh nghip trn a bn tnh Bn Tre............ 66
4.2.2. Nhng gii php khc.............................................................................. 69
4.3. Gii hn ca ti v gi nghin cu tip theo............................................. 72
Ph lc
Ti liu tham kho











DANH MC HNH

Trang
Hnh A1-01: L thuyt nhu cu cp bc ca Maslow............................................................8
Hnh A1-02: L thuyt cng bng ca Adam........................................................................9
Hnh A1-03: L thuyt thnh tu ca McClelland..............................................................10
Hnh A1-04: L thuyt k vng ca Vroom........................................................................11
Hnh A1-05: M hnh c im cng vic ca Hackman & Oldham..................................13
Hnh A1-06: L thuyt hai nhn t ca Herzberg ...............................................................14
Hnh A1-07: L thuyt ERG ca Alderfer...........................................................................16
Hnh A1-08: M hnh tng th v hnh vi t chc ca Kreitner & Kinicki ........................17
Hnh A1-09: Ch s m t cng vic ca Smith, Kendall v Hulin.....................................19
Hnh A1-10: Tiu ch o lng tha mn cng vic MSQ ca Weiss ................................20
Hnh A1-11: M hnh nh gi s hi lng ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh nghip
trn a bn tnh Bn Tre ................................................................................24
Hnh A2-01: S quy trnh nghin cu ............................................................................30
Hnh A2-02: M hnh phn tch nhn t khm ph EFA.....................................................41
Hnh A2-03: M hnh iu chnh nh gi s hi lng ca ngi lao ng .......................44
Hnh A3-01: C cu ngi lao ng v trnh hc vn v thu nhp trung bnh ..............47
Hnh A3-02: Kt hp gia nhm tui v thu nhp trung bnh.............................................48
Hnh A3-03: Kt hp gia trnh hc vn v thu nhp trung bnh...................................48
Hnh A3-04: Kt hp gia doanh nghip v thu nhp trung bnh .......................................49
Hnh A3-05: Kt hp gia thi gian lm vic v thu nhp trung bnh................................49
Hnh A3-06: Mc quan trng nht xp theo th t u tin nhn t ...............................50
Hnh A3-07: Mc quan trng th 2 xp theo th t u tin nhn t..............................50
Hnh A3-08: Mc quan trng th 3 xp theo th t u tin nhn t..............................50
Hnh A3-09: Xp hng nguyn vng nhm nhn t theo mc quan trng.....................51
Hnh A3-10: Gii thch s lng nhn t bng i lng Eigenvalue ................................55
Hnh A3-11: M hnh iu chnh nh gi s hi lng .......................................................57
Hnh A3_12: Biu Histogram SAT ................................................................................60
Hnh A3_13: Biu Q-Q plot SAT...................................................................................60
Hnh A3_14: Biu phn tn Scatter SAT........................................................................60
Hnh A4_01: S cc gii php chnh tc ng n s hi lng chung ...........................67


DANH MC BNG

Trang
Bng 1-01: c im nhn t ng vin v nhn t duy tr ................................................14
Bng 1-02: So snh c im tch cc v tiu cc v s tha mn.....................................18
Bng 1-03: Gi tr o lng cng vic v phng tin .......................................................21
Bng 1-04: C s hnh thnh 10 thang o nhn t trong m hnh.......................................25
Bng 1-05: Tiu ch nh gi trong cc thang o nhn t...................................................25
Bng 3-01: S quan tm ca ngi lao ng nu doanh nghip ci thin ..........................50
Bng 3-02: Kt qu tng hp kim nh tin cy thang o..............................................54
Bng 3-03: Tng hp cc bin nhn t F
j
sau khi phn tch EFA.......................................55









PHN M U

1. TNH CP THIT CA TI
Trong bi cnh tnh hnh kinh t th gii thay i t nm 2006 n nay,
Kinh t Vit Nam chu b tc ng mnh cc mt tch cc v tiu cc t pha
bn ngoi trong lnh vc kinh t, th Bn Tre vn l mt tnh ngho c xut
pht im kinh t nng nghip, thu ht vn u t, h tng k thut v ngun
lao ng vn chm pht trin. Nhm phn u a tnh Bn Tre thot khi
tnh ngho, pht trin ngang bng vi cc tnh trong c nc, nhng vn
gii quyt cng vic lm cho ngi lao ng, nhu cu s dng lao ng ca
doanh nghip, chuyn dch lc lng lao ng t ni c thu nhp thp n ni
c thu nhp cao, mu thun v li ch gia doanh nghip v ngi lao ng
ang l vn quan tm ca chnh quyn tnh.
Cng vi s pht trin ca nn kinh t Vit Nam trong nhng nm gn
y, ngi lao ng c nhiu s thay i ln v nhn thc gi tr v thnh qu
lao ng ng gp cho doanh nghip cng nh doanh nghip ngy cng ch
trng hn vn xy dng ngun nhn lc c nng lc v tnh n nh
nhm gim thiu cc sai st, tit kim thi gian v chi ph cng ang tr thnh
vn c cc ch doanh nghip ht sc quan tm.
Vn t ra u xoay quanh ngi lao ng. Tiu ch no o lng
nhng vn m ngi lao ng quan tm nh thu nhp, tnh cht cng vic,
phng tin lm vic, an ton lao ng, v.v Nghin cu ny c thc hin
nhm mc ch tm hiu, nh gi hin trng mc hi lng ca ngi lao
ng i vi doanh nghip trn a bn tnh Bn Tre, ng thi tm ra cc
nhn t nh hng n s tha mn ny, gip doanh nghip v c quan qun
l hiu r ngi lao ng ang cn quan tm vn g? Do vic nghin
cu s hi lng ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh nghip trn a bn tnh
Bn Tre l cn thit, nhm mc ch h tr c quan qun l trong vic la
1
chn gii php lao ng ng thi gip doanh nghip xut nhng gii php
s dng lao ng hp l ngi lao ng quan tm hn ti cng vic, gn
b lu di vi doanh nghip. Cng t thc t y, tc gi la chn ti:
nh gi s hi lng ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh nghip trn a
bn tnh Bn Tre.

2. MC TIU NGHIN CU
ti c thc hin nhm mc ch xc nh cc nhn t ph hp nh
hng n s hi lng ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh nghip trn a bn
tnh Bn Tre v c th p dng vo iu kin hon cnh ti a phng. Mc
tiu nghin cu ca ti bao gm:
(i) H thng ha cc m hnh l thuyt v s hi lng ca ngi lao
ng i vi doanh nghip, t xy dng m hnh nghin cu nh gi s
hi lng ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh nghip trn a bn tnh Bn Tre.
(ii) Xc nh cc nhn t no l quan trng trong vic nh gi tc ng
n mc tha mn ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh nghip trn a bn
tnh Bn Tre.
(iii) Gi mt s gii php cho doanh nghip v c quan qun l nhm
nng cao mc hi lng ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh nghip.

3. I TNG V PHM VI NGHIN CU
nh gi s hi lng ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh nghip l mt
ti rng, nh gi nhiu kha cnh khc nhau khi nghin cu. Do , ti
i hi ngi nghin cu phi c trnh chuyn mn v kinh nghim nht
nh, phi c s h tr nhiu ngi, ng thi phi c thi gian v kinh
ph mi thc c ti. L mt thnh vin nghin cu trong nhm nghin
cu thuc ti cp tnh
[1]
Vn chuyn dch lao ng, c cu dn c,
ngun nhn lc ca tnh Bn Tre: thc trng v gii php, tc gi ch tp
2
trung ch tp trung nghin cu kha cnh s hi lng ngi lao ng i vi
doanh nghip trn a bn tnh Bn Tre.
V i tng nghin cu ca ti, trn c s khung l thuyt nghin
cu trc y tc gi chn lc mt s doanh nghip trong lnh vc sn xut,
thng mi - dch v, trc thuc s gim st qun l ca ca Lin on Lao
ng tnh nghin cu i tng ngi lao ng trong vic nh gi mc
hi lng i vi doanh nghip m h ang lm vic.
V phm vi nghin cu ca ti, ngi lao ng c kho st
nghin cu l nhng ngi lao ng trc tip v gin tip ang lm vic trn
a bn tnh Bn Tre (cng nhn sn xut, cng nhn k thut, nhn vin vn
phng, v.v) khng bao gm nhng ngi qun l hoc lm ch doanh
nghip. Cng tc kho st thu thp s liu s cp nhm phc v nghin cu
ti c thc hin 02 thng (cui nm 2009). Ngoi ra, cng tc thu thp s
liu th cp (nin gim thng k qua cc nm, download trn website) c
s dng trong thi gian ph hp vi thi im nghin cu ca ti.

4. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU:
Phng php nghin cu c tin hnh qua ba bc:
Bc 1: Nghin cu nh tnh
Nghin cu nh tnh dng phng php tho lun nhm khm ph
v trn cc nn tng l thuyt nghin cu trc y xy dng v pht trin
cc bin nghin cu trong cc khi nim hoc thang o lng nhm mc ch
xc nh h thng khi nim hoc thang o lng ph hp vi c im tha
mn ca ngi lao ng. Trong bc ny, bng cu hi cng c hnh
thnh.
Bc 2: nghin cu nh lng
Nghin cu nh lng c thc hin thng qua s liu thu thp c
phng vn trc tip hoc gin tip trn bng cu hi xy dng v hon
chnh t bc 1. Nghin cu nh lng c thc hin nhm nh gi thang
3
o lng, kim nh m hnh l thuyt biu din mi quan h gia cc thang
o nhn t v s hi lng ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh nghip.
Thang o nhn t c kim nh s b bng h s tin cy Cronbachs
Alpha v phn tch nhn s vi phn mm SPSS 15.0 for Windows. Phn tch
tng quan v hi qui tuyn tnh s c s dng kim nh m hnh v
cc gi thuyt nghin cu.
Bc 3: gi mt s gii php

5. KT CU CA TI:
Kt cu ca ti gm 4 chng:
Chng 1: C s l thuyt v m hnh nghin cu
Chng 2: Thit k nghin cu
Chng 4: Kt qu nghin cu
Chng 3: Kt lun v gi mt s gii php
Lun vn ny c chun b hon tt nh s h tr, gip ca Qu
thy c, gia nh, bn b v ng nghip. Tuy nhin, do kin thc ca tc gi
cn hn ch nn kh trnh khi nhng thiu st, rt mong nhn c cc
kin ng gp, ph bnh lun vn ny t cht lng tt hn.


4

Chng 1
C S L THUYT V M HNH NGHIN CU

Phn m u gii thiu tng quan v nghin cu bao gm nhng ni
dung nh tnh cp thit ca ti; mc tiu nghin cu; i tng v phm vi
nghin cu; phng php nghin cu; kt cu ca ti. Chng 1 s tip tc
vi phn gii thiu nhng nn tng l thuyt lin quan n nghin cu m
hnh s hi lng, mc tha mn trong cng vic, s hi lng ca ngi lao
ng i vi doanh nghip. Sau xc nh m hnh nghin cu v cc gi
thuyt s hi lng ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh nghip trn a bn tnh
Bn Tre.

1.1. L THUYT V S THA MN CA NGI LAO NG
1.1.1. Mt s khi nim
T in bch khoa ton th (From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)
[18]

cho rng s tha mn cng vic l trng thi hi lng d xc cm do mt s
nh gi, mt phn ng xc ng, mt thi ca cng vic. Tuy nhin, nh
ngha ca t in Wikipedia ch l mt kha cnh o lng hi lng ca ngi
lao ng, do vy cn xem xt thm nhng kha cnh khc nhau nh sau:
(i) Quan im nhu cu tha mn:
Nhm nn tng l thuyt ca Maslow (1943)
[11]
, Adam (1963)
[5]
, v
McClelland (1988)
[12]
: Theo quan im ca cc nh nghin cu v hc thuyt
ca mnh, u cho rng s tha mn ni chung l gi tr nhn c phi ln
hn hoc bng gi tr k vng. Trn nn tng l thuyt , mt s nh nghin
cu sau ny k tha v pht trin v nhu cu tha mn, h nh ngha chung
s tha mn uc xem l gi tr thc t (trng thi hi lng thc t) m ngi
lao ng nhn c so vi gi tr k vng (trng thi hi lng mong i) v
5
nhng kha cnh cng vic nh tin lng phc li, tnh cht cng vic, quan
h cng vic, iu kin lm vic, v.v
(ii) Quan im kt hp:
- Vroom (1964)
[16]
: s tha mn ca ngi lao ng l trng thi m
ngi lao ng c ng vin t ba nhn t kt hp gi tr k vng t cng
vic, phng tin lm vic, hp lc t thnh qu lao ng.
- Hackman v Oldham (1975)
[8]
: s tha mn ca ngi lao ng l
chui gi tr tri nghim v nhn thc t s kt hp 5 c im cng vic ct
li nh a dng k nng, xc nh tnh cht cng vic, tm quan trng cng
vic, quyn quyt nh v phn hi to ng lc lm vic, hiu sut cng
vic cao.
(iii) nh ngha theo kha cnh c lp:
- Herzberg (1959)
[9]
; Alderfer (1969)
[6]
: s tha mn ca ngi lao
ng u c nh ngha chung l mc yu thch cng vic hay c gng duy
tr lm vic ca ngi lao ng th hin qua s nhn thc (tch cc hoc tiu
cc hoc kt hp tch cc v tiu cc) v cc kha cnh khc nhau trong cng
vic nh hng n bn thn h.
- Kreitner v Kinicki (2007)
[10]
: s tha mn cng vic ch phn nh
mt phn v thi i vi cng vic m ngi lao ng yu thch cng nh
mc hi lng trong cc thang o nhn t nh gi: thanh ton lng, c hi
thng tin, gim st, quan h ng nghip v thang o nhn t khc m h
mong i. Theo quan im Kreitner v Kinicki, s tha mn cng vic ch
xem l mt c ch c nhn trong m hnh tng th hnh vi ca t chc nhm
nh gi mc nh hng n thc hin cng vic v s tn tm i vi t
chc. Cc nhn t nh gi s tn tm i vi t chc gm: tha mn cng
vic; p lc cng vic; ng lc lm vic; Nim tin, php l & o c; Hc
hi v thc hin quyt nh.
(iv) Quan im thang o nhn t tha mn ngi lao ng:
6
- Smith, Kendall v Hulin (1969)
[15]
: cho rng s tha mn ca ngi
lao ng c o lng bng ch s JDI (Job Descriptive Index) th hin qua
5 yu t tc ng sau y: (a) Tha mn vi cng vic bn thn; (b) Tha mn
vi tin lng; (c) Tha mn vi thng tin v c hi thng tin; (d) Tha
mn vi s gim st; (e) Tha mn vi ng nghip.
- Weiss (1967)
[17]
: nh ngha rng tha mn ca ngi lao ng c
th hin qua 02 nhm nhn t tha mn o lng: (a) Nhm nhn t thuc
bn cht bn trong; (b) Nhm nhn t thuc v tc ng bn ngoi. (c) Ngoi
ra a thm cc tiu ch chung nh iu kin lm vic, phng php lm vic
theo nhm, v.v
- Edwin Locke (1976)
[7]
: cho rng tha mn ca ngi lao ng c
phn nh qua gi tr cng vic ca thang o nhn t: (a) Tnh cht cng vic;
(b) Tin lng & phc li; (c) Thng tin; (d) Cng nhn hiu qu cng vic;
(e) iu kin lm vic; (f) ng nghip; (g) Gim st; (h) Cng on.
- Hip hi Qun l Ngun nhn lc SHRM (2009)
[14]
cho rng tha
mn ca ngi lao ng trong mi thi im c th hin: (a) nhm nhn t
quan trng nht tha mn ca ngi lao ng (an ton cng vic, phc li,
n b & thanh ton, c hi th hin nng lc, trng thi an ton trong mi
trng lm vic); (b) tha mn theo kha cnh khc nhau (nhm kha cnh
pht trin ngh nghip, nhm kha cnh quan h cng vic gia nhn vin vi
lnh o, nhm kha cnh mi trng lm vic) v (c) mc tha mn
chung ca ngi lao ng.
Nh vy, c rt nhiu cc nh ngha khc nhau v s tha mn ca
ngi lao ng, ni mt cch tng th cho bit trng thi hi lng hay bt
mn ca ngi lao ng v cng vic thng qua tiu ch nh gi khc
nhau. Mi nh nghin cu u c cch nhn, l gii ring qua cc cng trnh
nghin cu ca h. Phn tip theo s cp n cc l thuyt v s tha mn
cng vi cc nghin cu thc tin lin quan n s tha mn ca ngi lao
ng i vi doanh nghip m h ang lm vic.
7
1.1.2. Mt s l thuyt nghin cu v s tha mn:
1.1.2.1. L thuyt nhu cu cp bc ca Abraham Maslow (1943)
[11]
:
Nhu cu c bn ca con ngi c chia lm nm cp bc tng dn:
nhu cu sinh l (n, ung, qun o, c ng, ngh ngi, v.v), nhu cu an ton
(bo v, an ton, n nh, v.v), nhu cu x hi (gia nh, ng nghip, giao
tip, v.v), nhu cu t trng (thnh tu, a v, trch nhim, v.v) v nhu
cu t th hin bn thn. Khi mt nhu cu bc thp no c tha mn
th nhu cu bc cao hn k tip s xut hin.



T th hin
(Self-actualization)
Nhu cu t trng
(Self-Esteem)
Nhu cu x hi
(Belonging and Love)
Nhu cu an ton
(Satety)
Nhu cu sinh l
(Physiological)







Hnh A1-01: L thuyt nhu cu cp bc ca Maslow
L thuyt nhu cu cp bc ca Maslow c ng dng trong vic p
ng tha mn ca ngi lao ng: (a) Nhu cu sinh l v an ton c th
hin thang o nhn t thu nhp v phc li; (b) Nhu cu x hi v t trng
c th hin thang o nhn t quan h cng vic vi cp trn v ng
nghip; (c) Nhu cu t th hin bn thn c th hin qua thang o nhn t
quyn t ch trong cng vic.
1.1.2.2. L thuyt cng bng ca John Stacey Adam (1963)
[5]
:
L thuyt cng bng (Equity Theory) ca Adams thuc nhm l thuyt
ng lc lm vic nhm xc nh: (a) yu t u vo (inputs) m ngi lao
8
ng ng gp cng sc trong cng vic ca bn thn (mc cng vic, k
nng, thi gian lm vic, v.v) v (b) yu t u ra (outputs) m ngi lao
ng nhn c (tin lng, phc li, nh gi hiu qu cng vic, s thng
cm, v.v). Sau , yu t u vo v u ra ca bn thn ngi lao ng
c xem xt v so snh vi yu t u vo v u ra ca ng nghip trong
cng ty, nu:
- Kt qu s so snh yu t u vo v u ra l ln hn so vi ng
nghip th ngi lao ng s ng gp nhiu cng sc hn trong cng vic
ang lm.
- Kt qu s so snh yu t u vo v u ra l bng nhau so vi ng
nghip th ngi lao ng tip tc duy tr cng vic ang lm.
- Kt qu s so snh yu t u vo v u ra l thp hn so vi ng
nghip th ngi lao ng s gim bt cng sc cho cng vic ang lm,
i khi c khuynh hng mun thi vic.

u ra / u vo
ng gp nhu hn
Ngi lao ng A
u ra / u vo
B cng sc t hn
Ngi lao ng B
>
u ra / u vo
Khng thay i, duy tr
u ra / u vo
Khng thay i, duy tr
=
u ra / u vo
B cng sc t hn
u ra / u vo
ng gp nhiu hn
<





Hnh A1-02: L thuyt cng bng ca Adam
L thuyt nhu cu cng bng ca Adam c ng dng trong vic p
ng tha mn ca ngi lao ng v cho thy yu t nhn c t kt qu lao
ng phi ln hn yu t b ra trong cng vic, ng thi kt qu u ra, u
vo ny c a ra so snh gia cc ng nghip trong t chc.
1.1.2.3. L thuyt thnh tu ca James L. McClelland (1988)
[12]
:
L thuyt thnh tu ca McClelland tp trung to ng lc lm vic v
ci thin qu trnh thc hin cng vic do em li s tha mn nhu cu thnh
tu ca con ngi. ng xem xt trn 03 loi nhu cu ca con ngi, c
9
nh ngha nh sau (Robbins, 2002): (a) Nhu cu thnh tu l s c gng
nhm t c nhng thnh tu xut sc, s n lc thnh cng v cng
vic m bn thn h mong mun theo tiu chun nht nh, c th hin
trong thang o nhn t nh gi hiu qu cng vic, ghi nhn thnh tch cng
vic t c; (b) Nhu cu quyn lc l s iu khin con ngi khc c x
theo cch h mong mun, c th hin trong thang o nhn t a v v uy
tnh ca h; (c) Nhu cu lin minh l s mong mun c c mi quan h
thn thin v gn gi vi ngi khc, c th hin trong thang o nhn t
quan h lm vic vi lnh o v ng nghip.


Quyn lc
Lin minh Thnh tu
Hiu qu cng vic
a v, uy tnh
Mi quan h









Hnh A1-03: L thuyt thnh tu ca McClelland
L thuyt thnh tu ca McClelland c ng dng trong tha mn
nhu cu ca ngi lao ng nhm to ng lc lm vic. Nhu cu thnh tu
c mt phn phi cng ln th mc to ng lc em li hiu qu cng
vic ca ngi lao ng cng cao, ng vin ngi lao ng lm vic tt hn
so vi nhu cu quyn lc v nhu cu lin minh.
1.1.2.4. L thuyt k vng ca Victor Vroom (1964)
[16]
:
L thuyt k vng ca Vroom nh gi ng lc lm vic tha mn
cng vic da trn nhng mong i v kt qu cng vic ca bn thn. M
hnh ny do Victor Vroom a ra vo nm 1964, sau c sa i, b
10
sung bi mt vi ngi khc (Porter v Lawler, 1968). Thuyt k vng ca
Vroom c xy dng theo cng thc:


K vng x Phng tin x Hp lc = ng lc

- K vng t vic c gng n lc lm vic l s mong i v cng
vic v t mc tiu ra ca bn thn.
- Phng tin h tr thc hin cng vic l nhng yu t v quan h
lm vic, iu kin lm vic, t ch cng vic, v.v hon thnh cng vic.
- Hp lc i vi phn thng l phn ng v phn thng nhn
c so vi thnh qu lao ng m h ng gp cng sc vo cng vic.
S kt hp ca ba yu t ny to ra s ng lc lm vic ca ngi lao
ng, ch khi nhn thc ca h v c ba yu t trn l tch cc.














THC HIN
(Performance)

PHN THNG
(Reward)

N LC
(Effort)

NG LC
(Motivation)

K VNG
(Expectancy)

PHNG TIN
(Instrumentality)

HP LC V
PHN THNG
(Valence of reward)
X X

NHN THC VAI
TR & C HI

NNG LC &
C IM

THC HIN CNG VIC
(Job performance)
Hnh A1-04: L thuyt k vng ca Vroom
L thuyt k vng ca Vroom c ng dng trong vic p ng tha
mn nhu cu ca ngi lao ng da trn s nhn thc ca h, cho nn cn c
nhng thang o nhn t ph hp m t chc cn xy dng da trn c im:
11
(a) c im n lc hon thnh cng vic (chn nhn vin ph hp vi
cng vic, o to nhn vin tt, phn cng r rng, cung cp thng tin cn
thit, gim st v thu thp thng tin phn hi, v.v...); (b) c im thc hin
cng vic em li hiu qu ti u (o lng qu trnh lm vic hp l, m t
cc kt qu lm vic tt v khng tt, gii thch v p dng c ch i ng
theo kt qu cng vic, v.v); (c) c im phn thng tng mc tha
mn ca ngi lao ng (m bo l cc phn thng c gi tr vt cht &
tinh thn, phn thng c bit, ti thiu ha s khc bit trong mc tha
mn cc kt qu, v.v).
1.1.2.5. M hnh c im cng vic ca Hackman & Oldham (1975)
[8]
:
Richard Hackman v Grey Oldham ng vai tr quan trng trong vic
xy dng m hnh c im cng vic to ra ng lc lm vic t bn cht
bn trong c hiu qu cng vic tt nht. Cc nh nghin cu sau ny,
Smith & Cronje (1999) v Robbins & Judge (2007), m t 03 nhn t chnh
trong m hnh nh sau: (a) S tri nghim rt th v trong cng vic mang
ngha v quan trng i vi ngi lao ng; (b) S tri nghim cn c trch
nhim gn b vi kt qu cng vic ca ngi lao ng; (c) Nhn thc v kt
qu cng vic.
Nhng c im nh hng n 03 nhn t chnh trong m hnh:
(a) S tri nghim rt th v trong cng vic: a dng k nng, xc nh
tnh cht cng vic, tm quan trng cng vic.
(b) S tri nghim cn c trch nhim vi kt qu cng vic: quyn
quyt nh c lp v suy xt chn chn trong ln k hoch v xc nh cc
th tc hon thnh cng vic.
(c) Nhn thc v kt qu cng vic: Phn hi qu trnh thc hin cng
vic cho cp trn, t cp trn ghi nhn, nh gi thnh tu ca ngi lao
ng cng nh ph bnh, gp nhm khc phc sai st trong cng vic.
Mc tiu ca m hnh ny to iu kin thc y ng lc bn trong v
lm gia tng s tha mn cng vic ca ngi lao ng nh to ng lc lm
12
vic ni ti cao, tha mn tng trng cao, tha mn cng vic cao, hiu sut
cng vic cao.

c im
cng vic
ct li
Tnh trng
tm l
cn thit

Kt qu
cng vic
a dng k nng
Xc nh cng vic
Tm quan trng
Quyn quyt nh
Phn hi
Tri nghim rt th
v trong cng vic
Tri nghim cn c
trch nhim vi kt
qu cng vic
Nhn thc v kt
qu cng vic
To ng lc lm
vic ni ti cao
Tha mn tng
trng cao
Tha mn cng vic
cao
Hiu sut cng vic
cao
Nhn thc v rn
luyn k nng cho
nhu cu tng trng











Hnh A1-05: M hnh c im cng vic ca Hackman & Oldham
M hnh c im cng vic ca Hackman & Oldham a ra cch
tnh trng s ng vin tim nng ca ngi lao ng MPS (Motivating
Potential Score). Nu thy ch s MPS thp th r rng ngi lao ng khng
c ng lc lm vic, cn phi thit k v sp xp cng vic li, nu ch s
MPS cao th ngi lao ng ang c tch ly ng lc lm vic.
V x I x S
MPS =
3
x A x F
Trong :
MPS Trng s ng vin tim nng
V a dng k nng
I Xc nh tnh cht cng vic
S Tm quan trng cng vic
A Quyn quyt nh
F Phn hi
M hnh c im cng vic ca Hackman & Oldham c ng dng
trong o lng mc tha mn ca ngi lao ng nhm to ng lc lm
vic.
13
1.1.2.6. L thuyt hai nhn t ca Herzberg (1959)
[9]
:
L thuyt ni ting v hai nhn t ca Herzberg a ra hai kha cnh
nh hng n mc tha mn cng vic: (a) Nhn t ng lc tc ng
theo xu hng tch cc v (b) Nhn t Duy tr tc ng theo xu hng tiu
cc. L thuyt ny cho rng nhn t ng lc dn n s tha mn cng vic
nh hng tri ngc vi nhn t duy tr dn n s bt mn trong cng ca
nhn vin.
Bng 1-01: c im nhn t ng vin v nhn t duy tr
Nhn t ng lc
(Motivation Factor)
Nhn t duy tr
(Hygiene Factor)
Thnh tu
Cng nhn thnh tu
Trch nhim cng vic
Quan tm cng vic
Tin b cng vic mc cao hn
Tng trng, trng thnh
iu kin cng vic
Cht lng gim st
Lng bng
a v, v th cng ty
An ton
Lm vic theo nhm
Tnh cht cng vic
Chnh sch v quy nh cng ty
Quan h c nhn
Kch bn phi hp nhn t ng lc v nhn t duy tr
ng lc tt + duy tr tt: Tnh hung l tng, nhn vin c ng vin nhiu
hn, t c b phn nn.
ng lc km + duy tr tt: Tnh hung nhn vin c t b phn nn nhng khng
c ng vin. Cng vic ch nhn ng tin lng.
ng lc tt + duy tr km: Tnh hung nhn vin c ng vin nhiu nhng
cng b phn nn nhiu. Tin lng v iu kin lm vic khng tng xng.
ng lc km + duy tr km: Tnh hung xu nht, nhn vin chng nhng
khng c ng vin, m cn b phn nn nhiu.
Ngun: www.valuebasedmanagement.net/methods_herzberg_two_factor_theory.html

Nhn vin bt
mn v khng
c ng lc

(Employees
dissatisfied and
unmotivated)
Nhn vin
khng cn bt
mn nhng
khng c ng
lc
(Employees not
dissatisfied and
unmotivated)
Nhn vin
khng cn bt
mn v c ng
lc

(Employees
satisfied and
motivated)
N
h

n

t


d
u
y

t
r


N
h

n

t

n
g

l

c






Hnh A1-06: L thuyt hai nhn t ca Herzberg
14
Qua thc t cng cho thy rng cc thang o thuc hai nhn t ny u
c mc tc ng n s tha mn ca ngi lao ng. Tuy nhin, mt s
nh nghin cu a ra kt lun kin ngh khng ng h v nhn t duy tr
ca Herzberg v khng mang li s tha mn trong cng vic (Kreitner &
Kinicki, 2007).
L thuyt k vng ca Herzberg c ng dng trong vic o lng
mc tha mn ca ngi lao ng di 02 gc nhn t ng lc lm
vic v nhn t duy tr lm vic.
1.1.2.7. L thuyt ERG ca Clayton P. Alderfer (1969)
[6]
:
L thuyt ERG ca Alderfer xc nh nhng tc ng n nhu cu nh
hng n hnh vi ca ngi lao ng. L thuyt ny c phn loi thnh
03 nhm nhu cu: (a) Nhu cu tn ti (existence needs) nh i, kht, an ton,
v.v; (b) Nhu cu lin i (relatedness needs) nh mi quan h gia nh, bn
b, ng nghip v cp trn, v.v; (c) Nhu cu tng trng (growth needs)
nh nhu cu t trng v khng nh bn thn.
Ging nh l thuyt nhu cu cp bc ca Maslow, l thuyt ny c ba
cp nhu cu khc nhau nhng nhng nhu cu ca ngi lao ng cng c
th xut hin c ba cp cng lc, ng thi nhu cu ny c th b p
p cho nhu cu kia nu nhu cu cha tha mn ngi lao ng. Chng
hn, mt ngi lao ng khng tha mn v mc kh khn ca cng vic
m h ang lm nhng ngc li h c b p trong vic nhn tin lng
v phc li tng xng. Nh vy, quan im v l thuyt ERG ca Alderfer
khc hn quan im l thuyt nhu cu cp bc ca Maslow, ba nhu cu c
xem xt theo ba kha cnh khc nhau i vi ngi lao ng, nhu cu ca h
u xut hiu trong c ba kha cnh cng lc v nhu cu tn ti, nhu cu lin
i, nhu cu pht trin.
L thuyt ERG ca Alderfer c ng dng trong o lng mc
tha mn ca ngi lao ng di 03 kha cnh v nhu cu: tn ti, lin i
v tng trng.
15


LIN I
(Relatedness)

TN TI
(Existence)

TNG TRNG
(Growth)
Tha mn / thng tin
Tht vng / quay ngc
Tha mn / tng cng
Ch thch:










Hnh A1-07: L thuyt ERG ca Alderfer
1.1.2.8. M hnh tng th hnh vi t chc Kreitner & Kinicki (2007)
[10]
:
Trong m hnh tng th hnh vi t chc ca Kreitner & Kinicki, kt
qu c nhn gm 02 b phn cu thnh: Thc hin cng vic (job
performance; S tn tm vi t chc (Organizational Commitment).
Theo l thuyt nghin cu ca m hnh, hu ht ngi lao ng u c
02 mc tiu c bn trong cng vic ca h: (a) Mt nhm ngi lao ng c
gng thc hin tt cng vic ca h; (b) Nhm cn li c quan tm nh l
thnh vin trong t chc. Mc thc hin cng vic v s tn tm vi t
chc cn ty thuc vo c ch c nhn tc ng n ngi lao ng. Nh
vy, m hnh tng th v hnh vi t chc phn tch s tha mn cng vic ch
l mt c ch c nhn nh gi kt qu c nhn ca ngi lao ng, m cn
phi xem xt tip kha cnh khc trong c ch c nhn: vn chp nhn p
lc cng vic, vn to ng lc lm vic, vn o c v tnh php l
ca doanh nghip, vn hc hi v thc hin quyt nh ca nhn vin.
Cc c im hnh vi nh hng n c ch c nhn: (a) C ch t
chc (vn ha t chc, c cu t chc); (b) C ch nhm (phong cch v hnh
vi lnh o, quyn lc v sc nh hng ca lnh o, tin trnh lm vic theo
16
nhm, c im nhm); (c) c im c nhn (tnh cch & gi tr vn ha,
nng lc).

C CH T CHC
Organizational Mechanisms

Vn ha t chc

C cu t chc
C CH NHM
Group Mechanisms
Phong cch v hnh vi
lnh o
Quyn lc v sc nh
hng lnh o
Tin trnh lm vic
theo nhm
c im
nhm
C IM C NHN
Individual Characteristics

Tnh cch & gi tr
vn ha

Nng lc
C CH C NHN
Individual Mechanisms
Tha mn cng vic
(Job Satisfaction)
p lc
(Stress)
ng lc
(Motivation)
Nim tin, php l &
o c
Hc hi & thc hin
quyt nh
KT QU C NHN
Individual Outcomes

Thc hin cng vic
(Job Performance)
Tn tm vi t chc
(Organizational
Commitment)














Hnh A1-08: M hnh tng th v hnh vi t chc ca Kreitner & Kinicki
M hnh tng th v hnh vi t chc ca Kreitner & Kinicki c ng
dng trong vic o lng mc tha mn cng vic ca ngi lao ng v
mc tha mn ny ch l mt phn trong c ch nh gi c nhn.
1.1.2.9. So snh c im ca mt s l thuyt
Mt s nn tng l thuyt nghin cu s hi lng ca ngi lao ng
c trnh by phn trn cho thy ty thuc vo mi quan im ca nh
nghin cu u a ni dung phn tch khc nhau v s tha mn ca ngi
lao ng. Xt v tng th, c s l thuyt nghin cu ca ti ny cn c
tm lc trn 02 nhm kha cnh nh gi v s hi lng ca ngi lao ng
i vi doanh nghip sau y:
17
- Nhm kha cnh tch cc: nh gi v tha mn cng vic, ng lc
lm vic, nhu cu tng trng ca ngi lao ng.
- Nhm kha cnh tiu cc: nh gi v bt mn cng vic, duy tr lm
vic tn ti, p lc cng vic ca ngi lao ng.
Bng 1-02: So snh c im tch cc v tiu cc v s tha mn
L thuyt Tch cc Tiu cc
Maslow (1943)
L thuyt nhu cu 5 cp bc
Gi tr thc t (D)
Gi tr k vng (E)

(D) > (E): tha mn, p ng nhu cu
t trng, t th hin.

(D) = (E): duy tr, p ng nhu cu
sinh l, an ton, x hi.
(D) < (E): bt mn hoc duy tr cuc
sng
Adam (1963)
L thuyt cng bng
Yu t u ra (O)
Yu t u vo (I)

(O)-(I) > 0 & (O)-(I) ng nghip:
cng bng, tha mn; ng gp cng
sc nhiu hn
(O)-(I) 0 & (O)-(I) < ng nghip:
khng cng bng, b cng sc t hn
(O)-(I) < 0 & (O)-(I) < ng nghip:
bt mn hoc duy tr cuc sng
McClelland (1988)
L thuyt thnh tu
Nhu cu thnh tu (A)
Nhu cu quyn lc (P)
Nhu cu lin minh (R)

(A) gp phn to ng lc lm vic,
tng hiu qu cng vic
(P) ch trng n a v, v th cng
ty
(R) ch trng n mi quan h ng
nghip, cp trn
Vroom (1964)
L thuyt k vng
K vng (E)
Phng tin (I)
Hp lc (V)
Phn thng (R)

(E)x(I)x(V) > (R): to ng lc lm
vic
(E)x(I)x(V) = (R): khng to ng
lc lm vic
(E)x(I)x(V) < (R): bt mn, duy tr
cuc sng
Hacman & Oldham (1975)
M hnh c im cng vic
a dng k nng (V); Xc nh
tnh cht cng vic (I); Tm quan
trng cng vic (S); Quyn quyt
nh (A); Phn hi (F)
Ch s MPS

MPS cao: to ng lc lm vic, hiu
sut cng vic cao
MPS thp: khng to ng lc lm
vic, cn thit k li cng vic
Herzberg (1959)
L thuyt hai nhn t
ng lc (M)
Duy tr (H)
Nhn t ng lc (M)
Thnh tu
Cng nhn thnh tu
Quan tm cng vic
Tin b trong cng vic
Tng trng, trng thnh
Nhn t duy tr (H)
iu kin cng vic
Cht lng gim st
Lng bng
a v, v th cng ty
An ton
Lm vic theo nhm
Tnh cht cng vic
Chnh sch v quy nh
Quan h c nhn

Alderfer (1969)
L thuyt ERG
Nhu cu tn ti (E)
Nhu cu lin i (R)
Nhu cu tng trng (G)

(G) tng cng (G)
(R) thng tin (G)
(G) quay ngc (R)
(E) thng tin (R)
(R) quay ngc (E)
Kreitner & Kinicki (2007)
M hnh hnh vi t chc
Tha mn cng vic (J)
p lc (S)
ng lc (M)
Nim tin, o c (E)
Hc hi, quyt nh (L)

(J), (M), (E), (L) (S)
18
1.1.3. Mt s nghin cu v thang o nhn t
Mt s nghin cu kho st trc y lin quan n s tha mn ca
ngi lao ng c xem xt, xc nh, kim nh v ng dng cc thang o
nhn t thc s nh hng n mc hi lng ngi lao ng, gm mt s
nghin cu sau y:
1.1.3.1. Ch s m t cng vic JDI ca Smith, Kendall v Hulin (1969)
[15]
:
Smith, Kendall v Hulin ca trng i hc Cornell xy dng ch s
m t cng vic (Job Descriptive Index) v c nh gi rt cao trong l
thuyt v thc tin, c th hin qua 05 thang o nhn t nh sau: (a) Tnh
cht cng vic; (b) Thanh ton tin lng; (c) Thng tin; (d) Gim st; (e)
ng nghip. Theo ni dung nh gi ca ch s m t cng vic JDI, mi
thang o nhn t a ra 05 ni dung tiu biu nhm nh gi theo kha cnh
ring, c th:














(a) Tnh cht cng vic

1. Kh nng hon thnh cng vic
2. Cng vic nhm chn
3. Tha mn cng vic bn thn
4. Cng vic khng ng quan tm
5. Cng vic i hi thch thc
(b) Thanh ton tin lng

1. Tr lng cng bng
2. Tr lng khng y
3. Thu nhp tng xng chi ph c bn
4. Tr lng rt tt
5. Khng m bo trong vic tr lng
(c) Thng tin

1. Thi c tt thng tin
2. Cng vic khng c hi thng tin
3. Thng tin nh vo nng lc
4. Nhiu c hi thng tin
5. Chnh sch thng tin khng cng bng
(d) Gim st

1. NL c khen ngi lm vic tt
2. NL b quy ry khi lm vic
3. NL x l kho lo cng vic
4. NL x l khng tt cng vic
5. NL khng cp nht cng vic
(e) ng nghip

1. C ch
2. Nhm chn
3. Thng minh
4. Li bing
5. Trch nhim
S HI LNG
CA NGI
LAO NG
Hnh A1-09: Ch s m t cng vic ca Smith, Kendall v Hulin
19
1.1.3.2. Tiu ch o lng tha mn MSQ ca Weiss (1967)
[17]
:
Cc nh nghin cu Weiss v ng nghip ca trng i hc
Minnesota th a ra cc tiu ch o lng s tha mn cng vic thng qua
Bng cu hi tha mn Minnesota (Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire),
a ra 02 kha cnh phn tch thang o nhn t: (a) Cc nhn t tha mn
thuc bn cht bn trong; (b) Cc nhn t tha mn thuc bn cht bn ngoi.
(c) Ngoi ra, a ra tiu ch chung o lng mc hi lng ca ngi lao
ng. Sau y l mt s ni dung bng cu hi c th hin nh sau:














(a) Tha mn thuc bn cht bn trong

1. Bn rn sut thi gian lm vic
2. C hi lm vic c lp
3. C hi lm vic khc
4. Khng nh bn thn i vi tp th
5. Lm vic khng tri vi lng tm
6. C hi lm vic chung vi ngi khc
7. C hi hng dn ngi khc lm vic
8. C hi lm vic theo kh nng
9. Quyn t do phn on trong cng vic
10. C hi th thch trong cng vic
11. Tm trng hon thnh cng vic
v.v
S HI LNG
CA NGI
LAO NG
(b) Tha mn thuc tc ng bn ngoi

1. Cp trn qun l nhn vin lm vic
2. Kh nng gim st bn thn
3. Chnh sch cng ty c thc thi
4. Cn i tin lng v cng vic
5. C hi thng tin trong cng vic
6. Khen ngi lm vic gii
v.v
(c) Tiu ch chung

1. Cc iu kin lm vic
2. Phng php lm vic theo nhm
v.v
Hnh A1-10: Tiu ch o lng tha mn cng vic MSQ ca Weiss
1.1.3.3. Gi tr o lng cng vic ca Edwin Locke (1976)
[7]
:
L thuyt tc ng ca Edwin Locke a ra nhng gi tr o lng
cng vic v phng tin s dng tc ng mc tha mn ca ngi lao
ng v l thuyt ny cng cho thy s khc bit gia ngi lao ng mun
g v ngi c g trong cng vic trong vic o lng mc tc ng tha
mn ca ngi lao ng. V d minh ho cho iu ny, nu quyn quyt nh
20
ti ni lm vic l c gi tr i vi ngi lao ng A, cn ngi lao ng B
khng quan tm vic ny. Khi , nu tc ng mnh quyn quyt nh ti
ni lm vic th ngi lao ng A s tha mn nhiu hn, cn nu tc ng
khng ng k quyn quyt nh ti ni lm vic th ngi lao ng A s
khng cn tha mn trong khi ngi lao ng B khng b nh hng bi gi
tr o lng ny.
Bng 1-03: Gi tr o lng cng vic v phng tin
Kha cnh cng vic Gi tr o lng cng vic Phng tin
Cng vic

Quan tm c nhn
Tm quan trng
C hi s dng k nng
Trch nhim
Quyn quyt nh
a dng
Thnh tu, tin b
Phn hi
R rng
ph hp
Tham gia
p lc
Trnh mt nhc
Tuyn dng, la chn, thay th, ci thin cng vic,
thit lp mc tiu, tham gia thc hin quyt nh











Thit k ni lm vic
Tin lng & phc li Cng bng



An ton cng vic
Phn tch cng vic, kho st tin lng, o lng khi
lng cng vic hon thnh, tin lng v phc li cao,
k hoch ng vin

Hoch nh ngun nhn lc
Thng tin Cng bng Xng ng c thng tin
nh gi hiu qu nh gi hiu qu Khen ngi v tn nhim v lm vic v s n lc
iu kin lm vic Ngun lc
Thi gian
Thay i ca cng vic
iu kin an ton
S ring bit
Cung cp ngun lc
Thi gian linh hot (4 ngy / tun)
S n b
Loi b tnh trng nguy him, c chng trnh an ton
Thit k vn phng kn o
ng nghip c im ging nhau
Nng lc
Tuyn dng, la chn, thay th
Tuyn dng, la chn, thay th c qua o to
Qun l / Gim st Tn trng
S tin tng
Giao t song phng
Cung cp nhng gi tr trn
Thnh tht, quan tm nhu cu ca nhn vin
Kin nh s thnh tht
Lng nghe nhn vin
Tham gia, nh hng
Cng on Tr lng Tr lng cao, phc li

1.1.3.4. Bo co kho st ca SHRM (2009)
[14]
:
Theo bo co ca Hip hi Qun l Ngun nhn lc (Society for
Human Resource Management SHRM) c kho st nm 2009, cho thy
nhng thang o nhn t s hi lng ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh nghip
c sp xp theo th t u tin sau:
21
- Nhm thang o nhn t quan trng: (1) An ton cng vic; (2) Phc
li; (3) c n b / c tr lng; (4) C c hi s dng k nng lm
vic; (5) Cm gic an ton trong mi trng lm vic.
- Nhm thang o nhn t theo kha cnh pht trin ngh nghip: (1) C
hi thng tin trong t chc; (2) C hi pht trin ngh nghip; (3) c th
lm cng vic c th; (4) H thng pht trin; (5) Chp nhn pht trin
chuyn mn ca t chc; (6) Th vic tr lng v hon tr hc ph.
- Nhm thang o nhn t theo kha cnh quan h cng vic vi lnh
o: (1) Vn giao tip gia nhn vin v cp trn; (2) Quyn quyt nh v
c lp cng vic; (3) nh gi tin thc hin cng vic ca nhn vin; (4)
Quan h cng vic vi cp qun l trung gian.
- Nhm thang o nhn t theo kha cnh mi trng lm vic: (1) Cn
i linh hot gia cuc sng v cng vic; (2) Cng vic rt th v; (3) Cn c
trch nhim x hi trong t chc; (4) Chp nhn mi trng lm vic xanh;
(5) Vn ha t chc; (6) Quan h cng vic vi ng nghip; (7) ng gp
cng sc cho mc tiu kinh doanh ca t chc; (8) Cng vic ang lm; (9)
a dng cng vic.
- Thang o mc tha mn chung ca ngi lao ng.
1.1.4. Mt s kt qu nghin cu
1.1.4.1. Kt qu nghin cu ca Andrew (2002)
Andrew (2002) nghin cu v s tha mn trong cng vic ti Hoa K
v mt s quc gia khc a ra kt qu nh sau:
C 49% s ngi lao ng ti Hoa K c kho st cho rng hon
ton hoc rt hi lng vi cng vic, ch mt s rt nh tr li l khng hi
lng. T l cho rng hon ton hoc rt hi lng vi cng vic mt s nc
khc nh sau: an Mch l 62%, Nht Bn l 30% v Hungary l 23%.
Nghin cu xc nh cc yu t nng cao mc tha mn trong cng
vic gm: (a) Gii n; (b) An ton trong cng vic; (c) Ni lm vic nh; (d)
22
Thu nhp cao; (e) Quan h ng nghip; (f) Thi gian i li t; (g) Vn
gim st; (h) Quan h vi cng chng; (i) C hi hc tp nng cao trnh .
1.1.4.2. Kt qu nghin cu ca Keith & John (2002)
Nghin cu ca Keith & John v tha mn trong cng vic ca nhng
ngi c trnh cao; vai tr ca gii tnh, nhng ngi qun l v so snh
vi thu nhp cho kt qu nh sau: (a) Yu t ch yu tc ng n tha
mn trong cng vic ca nhng ngi c trnh cao l: vic kim tin, iu
kin vt cht, sc khe v cc loi phc li khc; (b) N c mc tha mn
trong trong vic hn nam; (c) C s gia tng mc tha mn i vi nhng
ngi qun l; (d) Thu nhp c vai tr quan trng i vi mc tha mn
trong cng vic.
1.1.4.3. Kt qu nghin cu ca Tom (2007)
Nghin cu ca Tom v s tha mn trong cng vic ti Hoa K a
ra mt s kt qu nh sau: Ngi lao ng lm vic trong nhiu lnh vc th c
47.0% s ngi lao ng rt hi lng vi cng vic, trong nhm lao ng
khng c k nng th mc hi lng thp hn nhiu (ch c 33.6% ngi
c kho st hi lng vi cng vic trong khi nhm lao ng c k nng cao
th mc hi lng l kh cao (chim 55.8% s ngi c kho st).
1.1.4.4. Kt qu nghin cu ca Trn Kim Dung v cc cng s (2003)
[3]
:
Nghin cu ca Trn Kim Dung v cc cng s bng cch kho st 558
nhn vin ang lm vic ton thi gian cho thy mc tha mn v tin
lng c quan h m vi mc n lc, c gng ca nhn vin. Nghch l
ny c gii thch do cc doanh nghip thiu kin thc k nng v h thng
tin lng th trng, khng bit cch thit k h thng thang bng lng mt
cch khoa hc; vic tr lng thng thng mang nng cm tnh, ty tin
khng c chnh sch quy nh r rng. Kt qu l nhng ngi cng c nhiu
n lc, c gng ng gp cho t chc cng thy bt mn v chnh sch tin
lng hin nay.
23

1.2. M HNH NGHIN CU CA TI
1.2.1. Qu trnh hnh thnh
Thng qua mt s c s l thuyt v thang o nhn t nh gi s hi
lng ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh nghip th vic chn la m hnh
nghin cu tc gi nh hng la chn m hnh theo lp lun sau: (a) K
tha v pht trin trong vic s dng kt hp v chn lc mt s c s l
thuyt v nghin cu thang o nhn t ca cc nh nghin cu khoa hc i
trc nhng phi ph hp vi mc tiu nghin cu ca ti; (b) Xy dng
m hnh nghin cu nh gi s hi lng ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh
nghip phi ph hp vi c th nghin cu trn a bn tnh Bn Tre.
Trong m hnh nghin cu ca ti, trng tm chnh ca i tng
nghin cu l s hi lng ca ngi lao ng v cc nhn t o lng mc
tha mn ca ngi lao ng lm vic trn a bn tnh Bn Tre. Do vy, ni
dung phn tch ca m hnh cn c th hin r nh sau:












S HI LNG CA
NGI LAO NG
I VI DOANH NGHIP
(b) c im v nhu cu ngi lao ng

Gii tnh, tui, trnh hc vn, thi
gian lm vic, thu nhp trung bnh v
c im khc
Nhu cu cn ci thin ti doanh nghip,
nguyn vng trong tng lai v nhng
kh kh hin ti ca ngi lao ng
(c) Tiu ch o lng chung
iu kin lm vic, chnh sch, phc li
Gn b lu di vi cng vic
Doanh nghip ang lm vic rt l tng
Thang o nhn t

Tnh cht cng vic
Tin lng phc li
nh gi hiu qu cng vic
o to pht trin, c hi pht trin
S t ch trong cng vic
Tnh n nh trong cng vic
Chnh sch v quy trnh lm vic
Phng tin lm vic
Trao i thng tin
Quan h ni lm vic
Hnh A1-11: M hnh nh gi s hi lng ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh
nghip trn a bn tnh Bn Tre
24
Bng 1-04: C s hnh thnh 10 thang o nhn t trong m hnh
TT Thang o nhn t Tc gi tiu biu
1 Tnh cht cng vic (TCCV) Herzberg (1959); Smith, Kendall v Hulin (1969);
Edwin Locke (1976); Kho st SHRM (2009)
2 Tin lng v phc li (TLPL) Herzberg (1959); Smith, Kendall v Hulin (1969);
Weiss (1967); Edwin Locke (1976); Keith & John
(2002); Kho st SHRM (2009); Kim Dung (2005)
3 nh gi hiu qu cng vic (HQCV) Herzberg (1959); Edwin Locke (1976); Kho st
SHRM (2009)
4 o to pht trin, c hi thng tin
(DTPT)
Smith, Kendall v Hulin (1969); Weiss (1967);
Edwin Locke (1976); Kho st SHRM (2009);
Andrew (2002); Tom (2007)
5 S t ch trong cng vic (TUCHU) Weiss (1967); Edwin Locke (1976); Kho st
SHRM (2009)
6 Tnh n nh trong cng vic (ONCV) Herzberg (1959); Kho st SHRM (2009); Andrew
(2002)
7 Chnh sch, quy trnh lm vic (CSQT) Herzberg (1959); Weiss (1967); Kho st SHRM
(2009)
8 Phng tin lm vic v an ton lao
ng (PTLV)
Herzberg (1959); Edwin Locke (1976); Kho st
SHRM (2009)
9 Trao i thng tin (TDTT) Herzberg (1959); Weiss (1967); Kho st SHRM
(2009)
10 Quan h ni lm vic (QHLV) Smith, Kendall v Hulin (1969); Edwin Locke
(1976); Kho st SHRM (2009); Andrew (2002)

1.2.2. Tiu ch nh gi trong cc thang o nhn t
H thng cc c s l thuyt v nghin cu v thang o nhn t trc
y nh gi s hi lng ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh nghip cho thy
khi nim S hi lng ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh nghip l mt khi
nim x hi hc, mang ngha tru tng v chu tc ng ca nhiu nhn t
khc nhau. T vic xem xt chn lc nhng nghin cu thc nghim trc
y v nhng nt c th ngi lao ng ti a phng, sau qu trnh tho
lun vi mt s nh nghin cu khoa hc v chuyn gia iu chnh cho
ph hp mc tiu nghin cu ca ti, tc gi xy dng 59 tiu ch nh
gi trong 10 thang o nhn t nh sau:
Bng 1-05: Tiu ch nh gi trong cc thang o nhn t
Thang o nhn t K hiu Bin
1. Tnh cht cng vic
Cng vic cho php ti pht huy nng lc c nhn
Cng vic hin ti ca ti rt nhm chn
Cng vic ca ti c nhiu thch thc
Cng vic ca ti khng i hi c nhiu k nng
TCCV
TCCV
1
TCCV
2
TCCV
3
TCCV
4
X
1
X
11
X
12
X
13
X
14
25
Thang o nhn t K hiu Bin
Cng vic ca ti i hi s sng to
Cng vic ca ti mang tnh n gin.
Khi lng cng vic ca ti l va phi, chp nhn c
Cng vic hin ti khin ti cm thy b tc, khng pht trin
c kh nng ca bn thn
Cng vic hin nay tri vi ngh nghip v chuyn mn ca ti
TCCV
5
TCCV
6
TCCV
7
TCCV
8

TCCV
9
X
15
X
16
X
17
X
18

X
19
2. Tin lng v phc li
Tin lng ca ti tng xng vi tnh cht cng vic ang lm
v sc lc b ra
Ti c tr lng ph hp vi kt qu cng vic
Ti nhn c phc li tt ngoi tin lng (v d bo him,
chi ph i li, n ung, i du lch hng nm, v.v)
Tin lng m bo cuc sng ca bn thn v gia nh ti
Ti c nhn tin thng khi hon thnh tt cng vic
Ti c nh gi tng lng hng nm
TLPL
TLPL
1

TLPL
2
TLPL
3

TLPL
4
TLPL
5
TLPL
6
X
2
X
21

X
22
X
23

X
24
X
25
X
26
3. nh gi hiu qu cng vic
Ti c cng ty nh gi v ghi nhn y thnh tch trong
cng vic
Ti c cng ty khen ngi khi hon thnh tt cng vic
Phng thc nh gi hiu qu cng vic cng ty ti l hp l
Ti lun hiu r kt qu cng vic m cp trn mong i
Nhng vic ti lm c ghi nhn c ng gp vo s thnh
cng ca cng ty
Ti hiu r cn ci thin nhng mt no c th nng cao hiu
qu cng vic
HQCV
HQCV
1

HQCV
2
HQCV
3
HQCV
4
HQCV
5

HQCV
6
X
3
X
31

X
32
X
33
X
34
X
35

X
36
4. o to pht trin, c hi thng tin
Ti c tham gia cc kha hun luyn cn thit lm vic
hiu qu
Ti c cung cp y ti liu v chng trnh hun luyn
pht trin k nng lm vic
Cng ty ti c k hoch o to, pht trin ngh nghip cho
nhn vin r rng
Ti bit r nhng iu kin cn c pht trin trong cng vic
Ti rt lc quan v kh nng pht trin v thnh cng ca mnh
trong cng ty
Cng ty ti lun khuyn khch v to nhiu c hi thng tin v
pht trin nhn vin
DTPT
DTPT
1

DTPT
2

DTPT
3

DTPT
4
DTPT
5

DTPT
6
X
4
X
41

X
42

X
43

X
44
X
45

X
46
5. S t ch trong cng vic
Ti c khuyn khch tham gia vo cc quyt nh lin quan
n cng vic
Ti c khuyn khch a ra nhng sng kin, xut ci tin
cng vic
Ti c quyn hn thc hin cng vic
c quyn ch ng v t chu trch nhim vi cng vic
TUCHU
TUCHU
1

TUCHU
2

TUCHU
3
TUCHU
4
X
5
X
51

X
52

X
53
X
54
6. Tnh n nh trong cng vic
a s nhn vin trong cng ty ti c k kt hp ng lao
ng khng xc nh thi hn
Ti c m bo c vic lm thng xuyn
Ti t khi phi lo lng b mt vic lm
Cng ty ti hot ng rt n nh v kinh doanh c hiu qu
ONCV
ONCV
1

ONCV
2
ONCV
3
ONCV
4
X
6
X
61

X
62
X
63
X
64
7. Chnh sch v quy trnh lm vic
Cng ty ti c chnh sch x l k lut cng bng v nht qun
CSQT
CSQT
1
X
7
X
71
26
Thang o nhn t K hiu Bin
Ti c gii thiu, hng dn v nh hng cng vic r
rng trong ngy lm vic u tin
Ti bit cch x l cc tnh hung khn cp ti ni lm vic khi
c s c xy ra
Cc chnh sch bt, thng tin, nh gi cng vic trong
cng ty ti lun minh bch, cng khai v r rng
CSQT
2

CSQT
3

CSQT
4
X
72

X
73

X
74
8. Phng tin lm vic v an ton lao ng
Ni ti lm vic c m bo theo cc nguyn tc an ton
Mi trng lm vic sch s, khng c hi
Ti c cung cp y trang thit b v cng c cn thit
cho cng vic
Ti c trang b y phng tin bo h lao ng ni
lm vic
Ti c hng dn y v sc kho v an ton khi bt u
lm vic trong cng ty
Ti c tham gia hun luyn an ton lao ng nh k hng nm
Ban lnh o lun quan tm ci thin mi trng v phng
tin lm vic cho cng nhn vin
PTLV
PTLV
1
PTLV
2
PTLV
3

PTLV
4

PTLV
5

PTLV
6
PTLV
7
X
8
X
81
X
82
X
83

X
84

X
85

X
86
X
87
9. Trao i thng tin
Ti c y thng tin ng v cn thit hon thnh tt
cng vic
Ti thng xuyn c cc bui hp nhm/t/phng ban vi cp trn
Cp trn ca ti lun thng bo v cung cp cho ti v nhng
thay i lin quan n cng ty
Cp trn ca ti c tham kho kin cp di trc khi ra
quyt nh
Ti hiu r nn lm g v gp ai nu c thc mc v cng vic
TDTT
TDTT
1

TDTT
2
TDTT
3

TDTT
4

TDTT
5
X
9
X
91

X
92
X
93

X
94

X
95
10. Quan h ni lm vic
Lnh o xem nhn vin l mt thnh vin quan trng ca cng ty
Nhn vin trong cng ty lun c tn trng v tin tng
Cp trn lun bo v quyn li cho nhn vin
Nhn vin c cp trn h tr chuyn mn trong cng vic
Nhn vin thng xuyn c cp trn hng dn trong cng vic
Cp trn trc tip hiu c, quan tm v gip nhn vin
gii quyt cc vn kh khn
Khng kh lm vic lun thn thin v ci m
C s cnh tranh lnh mnh gia cc ng nghip vi nhau
QHLV
QHLV
1
QHLV
2
QHLV
3
QHLV
4
QHLV
5
QHLV
6

QHLV
7
QHLV
8
X
10
X
101
X
102
X
103
X
104
X
105
X
106

X
107
X
108

Tiu ch o lng chung
Nhn chung, ti cm thy iu kin lm vic, chnh sch, phc
li cng ty ti l rt tt
Ti mun gn b lu di vi cng vic hin ti v vi cng ty
Theo suy ngh ring, ti cm thy cng ty ni ti ang lm vic
l rt l tng
CHUNG
CHUNG
1

CHUNG
2
CHUNG
3
Y
Y
1

Y
2
Y
3

1.2.3. M hnh nh gi s hi lng ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh
nghip trn a bn tnh Bn Tre.
M hnh nh gi s hi lng chung ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh
nghip (SAT) l m hnh nh gi cc nhn t nh hng kt hp c im v
27
nhu cu c nhn o lng mc tha mn ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh
nghip trn a bn tnh Bn Tre. Phng trnh tuyn tnh c th hin nh sau:
SAT =
0
+
1
X
1
+
2
X
2
+ +
10
X
10
+ e
i
Trong :
SAT S hi lng chung ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh nghip t tp
hp 59 tiu ch nh gi.
X = {X
1
,, X
10
} Cc bin thang o nhn t nh hng n SAT
= {
0
,,
10
} H s hi quy tc ng n SAT
e
i
sai s
t gi thuyt cho m hnh nh sau:
- Gi thuyt H
1
: Nhn t X
1
Tnh cht cng vic c nh hng ng
bin n SAT;
- Gi thuyt H
2
: Nhn t X
2
Tin lng v phc li c nh hng
ng bin n SAT;
- Gi thuyt H
3
: Nhn t X
3
nh gi hiu qu cng vic c nh
hng ng bin n SAT;
- Gi thuyt H
4
: Nhn t X
4
o to pht trin, c hi thng tin c
nh hng ng bin n SAT;
- Gi thuyt H
5
: Nhn t X
5
S t ch trong cng vic c nh hng
ng bin n SAT;
- Gi thuyt H
6
: Nhn t X
6
Tnh n nh trong cng vic c nh
hng ng bin n SAT;
- Gi thuyt H
7
: Nhn t X
7
Chnh sch v quy trnh lm vic c nh
hng ng bin n SAT;
- Gi thuyt H
8
: Nhn t X
8
Phng tin lm vic v an ton lao
ng c nh hng ng bin n SAT;
- Gi thuyt H
9
: Nhn t X
9
Trao i thng tin c nh hng ng
bin n SAT;
- Gi thuyt H
10
: Nhn t X
10
Quan h ni lm vic c nh hng
ng bin n SAT.
28

Chng 2:
THIT K NGHIN CU

Phn thit k nghin cu s gii thiu v cch xy dng thang o, cch
thc chn mu, cng c thu thp thng tin kho st v qu trnh tin hnh thu
thp thng tin. Phn k thut phn tch d liu thng k s gii thiu cch
thc kim nh tin cy ca thang o bng h s Cronbachs Alpha, phn
tch nhn t EFA, thng k suy din vi kim nh s bng nhau ca cc tng
th con v phn tch hi quy tuyn tnh.

2.1. THIT K NGHIN CU.
2.1.1. Gii thiu quy trnh nghin cu.
Bc 1: Xut pht t mc tiu nghin cu ca ti, m hnh nghin
cu c xy dng da trn c s l thuyt trc nhm xc nh cc thang
o lng nh hng n s hi lng ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh
nghip, hnh thnh cc gi thuyt nghin cu ban u ph hp vi mc tiu
nghin cu t ra v c th v ngi lao ng ti a phng.
Bc 2: Bc tip theo la chn cc bin quan st cho thang o, xc
nh mu cho nghin cu ny. Thang o c s dng trong nghin cu ny
l thang o Likert 5 mc cho tt c cc bin quan st v phng php chn
mu c s dng vi quy m mu ti thiu l 295 nh c trnh by
phn chn mu ca chng ny.
Bc 3: La chn cch thc thu thp thng tin cn nghin cu. Bng
cu hi c iu tra vin phng vn trc tip v gin tip ngi lao ng.
Ni dung cc cu hi trong bng cu hi c trnh by phn xy dng
bng cu hi, cch thc thu thp thng tin ca chng ny.

29


S cp thit ca ti
Mc tiu nghin cu

Xy dng m hnh nghin cu
iu chnh thang o,
bng cu hi

Hnh thnh
gi thuyt
nghin cu
ban u.
C s l thuyt

Xy dng bng cu hi
Xc nh thang o
Cch thc thu thp thng tin
Th nghim iu tra kho st
t yu cu
K
h

n
g

t

y

u

c

u


Kho st iu tra
M ha, nhp d liu
Kim tra lm sch d liu

PHN TCH K THUT

Thng k m t

Phn tch nhn t EFA
Kim nh tin cy thang o
bng h s Cronbachs Alpha
Gii thch nhn t mi
iu chnh gi thuyt

Phn tch hi quy


Gi gii php,
Kim nh
thng k



























Hnh A2-01: S quy trnh nghin cu
30
Bc 4: Sau khi xy dng c bng cu hi, xc nh c s
lng mu cn thu thp, bng cu hi cn c th nghim iu tra ph hp
vi thc trng ca a phng kim tra hon chnh thang o, bng cu hi.
Nu bng cu hi t yu cu nghin cu th gi cho iu tra vin thu thp
thng tin, nu khng t yu cu th cn xy dng li bng cu hi.
Bc 5: Sau khi thu thp thng tin, bng cu hi cn c m ha v
nhp d liu iu tra. T giai on thng tin vo bng cu hi n giai on
nhp d liu iu tra, c s d liu cn c kim tra, lm sch d liu v x
l s liu thu thp nhm m bo tin cy phn tch k thut s quan st
trong bng cu hi.
Bc 6: Phn tch k thut gm 02 phn: (a) thng k m t, (b) phn
tch nhn t EFA v hi quy. Trc khi phn tch nhn t EFA, cc thang o
lng cn c kim nh tin cy bng h s Cronbachs Alpha nhm loi
b nhng bin rc v tng quan khng cht ch trong m hnh phn tch
nhn t EFA. T kim nh li gi thuyt ban u v nh gi s hi lng
ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh nghip, tin hnh phn tch hi quy.
Bc 7: Sau khi phn tch k thut, d liu suy din cn c kim
nh thng k nhm m bo s n nh m hnh nh gi s hi lng ca
ngi lao ng doanh nghip. Cui cng gi mt s gii php cho doanh
nghip v c quan qun l.
2.1.2. Thang o
ti ny nghin cu v s hi lng ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh
nghip trn a bn tnh Bn Tre, y l mt dng nghin cu thi ca con
ngi v mt kha cnh no trong cuc sng. xem xt nh gi c
thi ca ngi tr li, trong trng hp ny l s hi lng th tc gi la
chn hai dng cu hi trong bng cu hi: (a) Dng cu hi u tin l cu hi
dng m, ngha l ngi tr li c th ty theo kin ca mnh m tr li v
cm nhn ca h v s hi lng ca h. Dng cu hi th hai l dng cu hi
ng, ngha l bng cu hi s a ra lun nhng la chn tr li vi cc
31
tuyn b v thi ca ngi tr li nh hon ton ng , ng , khng
chc, khng ng , hon ton khng ng .
V d thay v hi cu hi di dng v m Anh/ ch cm thy lng
ca mnh nhn c t cng ty nh th no? th ta c th hi cu hi di
dng ng Tin lng ca anh/ch tng xng vi tnh cht cng vic ang
lm v sc lc b ra km theo nm la chn tr li l: hon ton ng ,
ng , khng kin, khng ng v hon ton khng ng . Vi dng
cu hi u tin, chng ta s nhn c cc cu tr li khc nhau v hu nh
l mi ngi tr li mt cch. iu ny khin ta khng kim sot c cu tr
li ca h v cng kh c th lng ha hay rt ra c mt kt lun chung
v vn tin lng ca h. Vi dng cu hi th hai v vi cu tr li c
sn, khi nhn c cu tr li chng ta s thy c r hn v nh gi ca
ngi tr li i vi tin lng ca h hin nay.
S dng cu hi ng trong nghin cu thi ni chung l thun li
hn. Ngoi ra, v mt trong nhng mc tiu ca ti ny l tm hiu, xc
nh mc hi lng nn vic s dng cu hi dng ng vi cc la chn tr
li dng thang o Likert nm mc l ph hp nht. Vi cu tr li ca
ngi tr li di dng thang o ny, ta s thy c s tha mn cng vic
ca ngi nhn vin tng kha cnh, tng nhn t trong cng vic mc
tha mn hay khng tha mn v mc nhiu hay t. ng thi, v thang
o Likert l thang o khong nn ta c th s dng s liu thu thp c
x l, phn tch nh lng xc nh mi quan h tng quan, quan h
tuyn tnh gia cc bin ni chung, cng nh gia cc bin c lp v bin
ph thuc.
(Xem ph lc 1 trang 74, mc A1.1. Thang o)
2.1.3. Chn mu
2.1.3.1. Phng php chn mu
32
L mt thnh vin trong nhm nghin cu ti cp tnh Vn
chuyn dch lao ng, c cu dn c, ngun nhn lc ca tnh Bn Tre: thc
trng v gii php, tc gi la chn i tng ngi lao ng c kho st
ph hp vi mc tiu nghin cu s hi lng ca ngi lao ng i vi
doanh nghip trn a bn tnh Bn Tre, khng bao gm nhng ngi qun l
v ch s hu doanh nghip. Ngi lao ng c kho st lm vic trong
nhng doanh nghip c s h tr v gim st ca Lin on Lao ng ca
tnh, cc c quan chc nng c lin quan.
t c cc mc tiu nghin cu ca ti, thit k chn mu
ngu nhin thun li trong mi doanh nghip c chn lc. L do la
chn phng php chn mu ny v ngi tr li d tip cn, h sn sng tr
li bng cu hi nghin cu cng nh t tn km v thi gian v chi ph thu
thp thng tin cn nghin cu.
2.1.3.2. Kch thc mu
Kch thc mu s ph thuc vo vic ta mun nghin cu vn g t
nhng d liu thu thp c v mi quan h ta mun thit lp vi mc tiu
nghin cu (Kumar, 2005). Vn nghin cu cng a dng phc tp th mu
nghin cu cng ln. Mt nguyn tc chung khc na l mu cng ln th
chnh xc ca cc kt qu nghin cu cng cao. Tuy nhin trn thc t th vic
la chn kch thc mu cn ph thuc vo mt yu t ht sc quan trng l
nng lc ti chnh v thi gian m nh nghin cu c th c c.
i vi ti ny, do cc gii hn v ti chnh v thi gian, kch thc
mu s c xc nh mc ti thiu cn thit nhng vn p ng c nhu
cu ca cuc nghin cu. Vic xc nh kch thc mu bao nhiu l ph hp
vn cn nhiu tranh ci vi nhiu quan im khc nhau. Mt s nh nghin
cu khc khng a ra con s c th v s mu cn thit m a ra t l gia
s mu cn thit v s tham s cn c lng. i vi phn tch nhn t, kch
thc mu s ph thuc vo s lng bin c a trong phn tch nhn t.
Gorsuch (1983, c trch bi MacClallum v ng tc gi 1999) cho rng s
33
lng mu cn gp 5 ln so vi s lng bin. Trong khi Hong Trng & Chu
Nguyn Mng Ngc (2005) cho rng t l l 4 hay 5. Trong ti ny c
tt c 59 tham s (bin quan st) cn tin hnh phn tch nhn t, v vy s
mu ti thiu cn thit l 59 x 5 = 295 s lng mu quan st.
2.1.4. Xy dng bng cu hi, cch thc thu thp thng tin
Cc giai on thit k bng cu hi: (a) Da vo c s l thuyt v cc
nghin cu lin quan trc y xy dng cc thang o trong m hnh
nghin cu. T nhng thang o ny, bng cu hi c pht tho s b; (b)
Bng cu hi s b c tham kho kin ca cc nh nghin cu khoa hc,
nh chuyn mn iu tra kho st iu chnh li cho ph hp v d hiu;
(c) Bng cu hi c hon chnh v kho st iu tra th trc khi gi i
kho st iu tra chnh thc.
Bng cu hi c s dng thu thp thng tin cn nghin cu phi
m bo nhng li ch sau: (a) Tit kim chi ph, thi gian v ngun nhn lc;
(b) Bo mt c thng tin danh tnh i tng kho st nhm khc phc mc
sai lch thng tin thu thp trong bng cu hi. Bng cu hi c thit
k v s dng thu thp thng tin cn thit.
(Xem ph lc 1 trang 74, mc A1.2. Bng cu hi kho st)
T bng cu hi kho st, cch thc thu thp thng tin trong nghin cu
ti ny c thc hin c thc hin:
- T chc lp tp hun cc thnh vin cng on ca doanh nghip v
trnh by ni dung, hng dn cch thc ghi thng tin vo bng cu hi ca
ngi lao ng, quy trnh thu thp thng tin m bo tnh c lp ca mi i
tng kho st v thi gian pht v thu li bng cu hi. Lp tp hun ny
c Lin on Lao ng tnh t chc.
- X l thng tin: Sau khi thu li bng cu hi, cn km tra cch ghi
thng tin v ngi lao ng, sau m ha cc mc hi thnh cc bin nhp
d liu vi phn mm SPSS 15.0 for Windows. C s d liu cha th a
ngay vo phn tch v c th cn nhiu li do nhp d liu khng t yu cu,
34
hoc hiu sai lch cu hi trong qu trnh thu thp thng tin. Do , c s d
liu mt ln na c lm sch v ngn nga cc li vi phm trc khi a
vo phn tch k thut.

2.2. CNG C PHN TCH K THUT
Trc khi a ra kt qu nghin cu t c s d liu vi phn mm
SPSS 15.0 for Windows, cn hiu r nhng cng c phn tch k thut
nh gi tin cy, mc n nh ca c s d liu.
2.2.1. Thng k m t
Thng k m t c s dng m t nhng c tnh c bn ca d
liu thu thp c t nghin cu thc nghim qua cc cch thc khc nhau.
Thng k m t cung cp nhng tm tt n gin v mu v cc thc o
nhm to ra nn tng ca mi phn tch nh lng v s liu. hiu c
cc hin tng v ra quyt nh ng n, cn nm c cc k thut c bn
ca m t d liu:
- Biu din d liu thnh cc bng s liu tm tt v d liu: Khi tm
tt mt i lng v thng tin ngi lao ng (gii tnh, tui lao ng, thi
gian lm vic, thu nhp trung bnh, v.v) thng dng cc thng s thng k
nh tn s, trung bnh cng, t l, phng sai, lch chun v thng s
thng k khc. Nhng d liu ny biu din bng ha hoc bng bng m
t d liu gip phn tch, so snh thng tin ngi lao ng.
- Kim nh gi thit d liu thng k m t: Kim nh Independent-
Sample T-test, kim nh One-Way Anova cho bit tr trung bnh gia cc
nhm so snh, phng on mc ph hp d liu thng k m t, tn ti
mi lin h gia cc cp bin quan st.
2.2.2. Kim nh tin cy thang o
Kim nh tin cy ca thang o c nh gi qua h s Cronbachs
Alpha (Cronbach, 1951): H s Cronbach Alpha () l h s tin cy c s
dng kim nh thang o lng tng quan gia cc cp bin quan st.
35
H s Cronbachs Alpha c tnh theo cng thc sau:
K (cov/var)
=
1 + (k-1) (cov/var)
Trong :
h s cronbach Alpha
k s mc hi c kim tra
cov/var h s tng quan trung bnh gia cc cp bin quan st
nh gi tinh cy thang o qua h s Cronbach Alpha :
0,8 < 1,0 Thang o lng tt
0,7 < 0,8 Thang o s dng c
0,6 S dng c i vi khi nim nghin cu mi
(Hong Trng - Chu Nguyn Mng Ngc, 2005)
Vic kim nh tin cy thang o c th c xc nh nh h s
tng quan bin tng (Corrected Item-Total Correclation) nhm loi b cc
bin rc khi thang o lng. H s tng quan bin tng l h s tng quan
ca mt bin vi im trung bnh ca cc bin khc trong cng mt thang o,
do h s ny cng cao th s tng quan ca bin ny vi cc bin khc
trong nhm cng cao. Theo Nunnally & Burnstein (1994), cc bin c h s
tng quan bin tng nh hn 0.3 c coi l bin rc.
Quy trnh kim nh cc bin quan ca mi thang o trc khi tin
hnh phn tch nhn t EFA:
Bc 1: Trong phn mm SPSS 15.0 for Windows, chn cng c phn
tch tin cy thang o (Analyse Scale Reability Analysis). Chn mc
nh phn tch h s Cronbachs Alpha (Model: Alpha). K tip a cc bin
quan st ca mt thang o lng vo mc (Items) phn tch tin cy. Sau
, chn hp thoi phn tch thng k Statistics, trong cng c phn tch
Descriptives for: chn Scale, Scale if item deleted. Sau cng, phn mm SPSS
t ng phn tch d liu v xut kt qu kim nh thang o lng.
Bc 2: Cn loi b nhng bin rc. Trong kt qu Nu thy bin no
c h s tng quan vi bin tng (Corrected Item-Total Correclation) nh
36
hn 0,3 th cn loi b bin ra khi thang o trc khi tin hnh phn tch
nhn t EFA.
Bc 3: La chn h s Cronbachs Alpha tt nht tin cy ca
thang o tng quan cc bin cht ch, bng cch loi tr bin quan st c
mc tng quan thp trong thang o th s t c h s Cronbachs
Alpha tt hn (Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted). Qu trnh ny c lp li
cho n khi la chn c h s Cronbachs Alpha tt nht. tin cy ca
thang o c h s Cronbachs Alpha t tiu chun 0,6 (thang o c th s
dng c trong m hnh nghin cu).
2.2.3. Phn tch nhn t khm ph EFA
Phn tch nhn t khm ph EFA l k thut phn tch rt gn mt tp
hp gm nhiu bin quan st thnh mt s nhn t t hn nhng vn cha
ng hu ht ni dung thng tin v ngha thng k ca tp bin ban u
(Hair & CTG, 1998). M hnh phn tch nhn t EFA c th hin bng
phng trnh:
X
i
= a
i1
F
1
+ a
i2
F
2
+ + a
ij
F
j
+V
i
U
i
Trong :
X
i
bin quan st th i
a
ij
h s hi quy bi chun ha ca nhn t j i vi bin i
F
j
nhn t chung
V
i
h s hi quy chun ha nhn t c trng ca bin i
U
i
nhn t c trng ca bin i
Cc nhn t c trng c tng quan vi nhau v vi cc nhn t
chung. Bn thn cc nhn t chung cng c th c din t nh nhng kt
hp tuyn tnh ca cc bin quan st:
F
j
= W
1j
Z
1
+ W
2j
Z
2
+ + W
kj
Z
k

Trong :
F
j
c lng tr s ca nhn t th j
W
kj
trng s nhn t j ca bin k (k>j)
Z
k
bin quan st c chun ha (Z-score) t bin X
k
(a
ik
X
tb
)
Z
k
=
Std. Deviation
37
Z
k
gi tr chun ha quan st th i ca bin X
k
a
ik
gi tr quan st th i ca bin X
k

X
tb
gi tr trung bnh ca bin X
k

Std. Deviation lch tiu chun (n-1) ca bin X
k
Tp bin {Z
1
, Z
2
, , Z
k
} l tp bin gc {X
1
, X
2
, , X
k
} a m hnh
phn tch nhn t EFA. Tp bin gc c chun ha (Z-score) c gi tr
trung bnh bng 0 (Mean = 0) v gi tr lch tiu chun bng 1 (Std.
Deviation = 1). Tp bin gc cha chun ha v c chun ha u c kt
qu phn tch thng k nh nhau (phn tch nhn t EFA, phn tch hi quy,
v.v). Da vo phn mm SPSS 15.0 for Windows, tp bin gc c chun
ha c chng trnh t ng tnh ton v lu li bng lnh Save
standardized values as variables trong Analyze Descriptive Statistics
Descriptives.
2.2.3.1. Kim nh phn tch nhn t EFA
M hnh phn tch nhn t EFA c cho l ph hp khi cc tiu chun
sau y c tha iu kin:
(i) H s ti nhn t (Factor Loadings): l nhng h s tng quan n
gia cc bin v cc nhn t. H s ti nhn t ln hn 0,3 c cho l ph
hp vi quy m mu ln hn 350 s quan st.
(ii) Tnh thch hp ca EFA (Kaiser Meyer Olkin): l ch s dng
xem xt s thch hp ca phn tch nhn t nu 0,5 KMO 1.
(iii) Kim nh Bartlett (Bartletts Test of Sphericity): kim nh gi
thuyt H
0
(cc bin khng c tng quan vi nhau trong tng th). Ma trn
tng quan tng th l mt ma trn n v trong tt c cc gi tr trn ng
cho u bng 1 v ngoi ng cho bng 0. i lng kim nh ny da
trn s bin i thnh i lng Chi-Square t nh thc ca ma trn tng
quan. ngha kim nh Bartlett cho bit nu bc b gi thuyt H
0
: i lng
Chi-Square ln, ngha thng k nh hn 0,05 th phn tch nhn t l thch
hp, cn nu cha c c s bc b gi thuyt H
0
: i lng Chi-Square nh,
ngha thng k ln hn 0,05 th phn tch nhn t c kh nng khng thch hp.
38
(iv) Phng sai cng dn (cumulative of variance): l phn trm
phng sai ton b c thch bi cc nhn t, ngha l coi bin thin 100%
th gi tr ny cho bin phn tch nhn t c ng c bao nhiu % v b tht
thot bao nhiu %. Tiu chun chp nhn phn tch nhn t c phng sai
cng dn ln hn 50% vi Eigenvalue phi ln hn 1.
Sau khi rt gn c cc bin nhn t mi (F
j
) t mt tp bin quan st,
cc bin F
j
ny c a vo cc phn tch tip theo nh tng quan v hi
quy; kim nh Independent-Sample T-test; kim nh One-Way Anova.
2.2.3.2. Gii thch ngha nhn t
Vic gii thch cc nhn t c thc hin trn c s nhn ra cc bin
gc c h s ti (Rotated Factor Loadings) ln cng mt nhn t. Theo
nghin cu Ming-Chang Lee (2007)
[13]
v vic a ra gii php thc hin
ng b trong m hnh phn tch nhn t EFA, vic gii thch ngha nhn t
da trn cc bin quan st c h s ti (Rotated Factor Loadings) ln trong
cng mt nhm nhn t, t trch gn h s nhn t ca cc bin quan st
ny trong ma trn h s nhn t (Component Score Coefficient) gii thch
ngha nhn t. Sau y l mt v d minh ha gii thch ngha nhn t:
Gi nh m hnh phn tch nhn t EFA rt gn mt tp gm 6 bin
quan st X
k
= {X
1
, X
2
, X
3
, X
4
, X
5
, X
6
} thnh mt tp c 2 nhn t F
j
= {F
1
,
F
2
}. Trn c s bng phn tch ma trn nhn t xoay (Rotated Component
Matrix), nhn t F
1
c 3 bin quan st ti u gii thch s bin thin ca d
liu thuc nhn t F
1
= {X
1
, X
3
, X
5
} v F
2
c 3 bin quan st ti u gii thch
s bin thin ca d liu thuc nhn t F
2
= {X
2
, X
4
, X
6
}.
Bc 1: Xy dng h phng trnh nhn t
T ma trn trng s nhn t W
kj
(Component Score Coefficient Matrix)
W
11
W
12
W
21
W
22
W
31
W
32
W
41
W
42
W
51
W
52
W
kj
=
W
61
W
62
39
v cc bin quan st X
k
= {X
1
, X
2
, X
3
, X
4
, X
5
, X
6
} c chun ha (Z-score)
Z
k
= {Z
1
, Z
2
, Z
3
, Z
4
, Z
5
, Z
6
}, ta c h phng trnh nhn t nh sau:
F
1
= W
11
Z
1
+ W
21
Z
2
+ W
31
Z
3
+ W
41
Z
4
+ W
51
Z
5
+ W
61
Z
6

F
2
= W
12
Z
1
+ W
22
Z
2
+ W
32
Z
3
+ W
42
Z
4
+ W
52
Z
5
+ W
62
Z
6

Bc 2: La chn bin gii thch ti u nht cho mi nhn t
gii thch s bin thin ca d liu t 2 phng trnh, chng ta loi
b nhng bin quan st c h s ti (Rotated Factor Loadings) thp, ch chn
lc bin quan st c h s ti (Rotated Factor Loadings) cao gii thch s
bin thin ti u nht cho mi nhn t. H phng trnh trn c n gin
nh sau:
F
1
= W
11
Z
1
+ W
31
Z
3
+ W
51
Z
5

F
2
= W
22
Z
2
+ W
42
Z
4
+ W
62
Z
6

Bc 3: Tnh h s ti u cho mi nhn t
Da vo h phng trnh n gin (FS2), ta c:
F
1(OPT)
= W
11
+ W
31
+ W
51

F
2(OPT)
= W
22
+ W
42
+ W
62

Bc 4: Chun ha cc h s t h phng trnh (FS2)
Score F
1
= F
1
/ F
1(OPT)
= (W
11
Z
1
+ W
31
Z
3
+ W
51
Z
5
) /F
1(OPT)

Score F
2
= F
2
/ F
2(OPT)
= (W
22
Z
2
+ W
42
Z
4
+ W
62
Z
6
) / F
2(OPT)
(FS1)
(FS2)
(FS3)
Nh vy, nhn t trong h phng trnh (FS3) c gii thch ngha
nh sau:
Mun tng nhn t F
1
ln 1 n v th cn tc ng tch cc hoc cn
tng cc bin quan st X
1
, X
3
, X
5
ln (W
11
+ W
31
+ W
51
) /F
1(OPT)
n v. iu
ny c ngha l mun tng mc tha mn nhn t F
1
ca ngi lao ng
ln 1 im th cn c gii php ng b tc ng ln cc bin quan st X
1
, X
3
,
X
5
. theo trng s (W
11
+ W
31
+ W
51
) /F
1(OPT)
im. Tng t, mun tng mc
tha mn nhn t F
2
ca ngi lao ng ln 1 im th cn c gii php
ng b tc ng ln cc bin quan st X
2
, X
4
, X
6
. theo trng s (W
22
+ W
42
+
W
62
) /F
2(OPT)
im.
40

TCCV
X
1 (9 bin)
TLPL
X
2 (6 bin)
HQCV
X
3 (6 bin)
DTPT
X
4 (6 bin)

SAT
TUCHU
X
5 (4 bin)
ONCV
X
6 (4 bin)
CSQT
X
7 (4 bin)
PTLV
X
8 (7 bin)
TDTT
X
9 (5 bin)
QHLV
X
10 (8 bin)

F
1


F
2
F
j

F
j
= W
1j
Z
1
+ W
2j
Z
2
+ + W
kj
Z
k
(vi k > j)

Ghi ch: Nhn t F
1
gii thch c phn bin thin
nhiu nht trong ton b X
k
bin quan st a vo
phn tch nhn t. Nhn t tip theo (F
2
, F
3
, , F
j
)
gii thch c phn bin thin cn li. Cc nhn t
ny F
1
, F
2
, , F
j
khng c tng quan vi nhau.

Kim nh phn tch nhn t EFA:
Factor Loadings > 0,3 (n > 350)
Kaiser Meyer Olkin (KMO): 0,5 KMO 1
Bartletts Test of Sphericity: Sig. < 0,05
Cumulative of variance > 50% (Eigenvalue > 1)
Phn tch nhn t EFA
H
1

H
2

H
j

H
1
H
2
H
3
H
4
H
5
H
6
H
7
H
8
H
9
H
10

















Hnh A2-02: M hnh phn tch nhn t khm ph EFA
2.2.3.3. Qu trnh thc hin phn tch nhn t khm ph EFA
Sau khi kim nh tin cy ca thang o bng h s Cronbachs
Alpha loi b bin rc hoc bin c tng quan thp trong thang o lng,
cc bin quan X
k
st cn li c a vo phn tch nhn t khm ph EFA.
Khi phn tch nhn t, tp hp bin quan st X
k
c rt gn thnh mt
tp hp bin nhn t F
j
mi t hn. Cc nhn t ny c t tn li v c
gii thch bng cc bin c h s ti (Rotated Factor Loadings) ln. Tp hp
bin nhn t F
j
c s dng l bin c lp a vo phn tch tng quan
v hi quy o lng s tha mn ca ngi lao ng vi doanh nghip.
41
2.2.4. Phn tch tng quan v hi quy
Sau khi phn tch nhn t khm ph EFA, m hnh hi quy tuyn tnh
tng qut nh gi s hi lng ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh nghip c
iu chnh li nh sau:
SAT =
0
+
1
F
1
+
2
F
2
+ +
j
F
j
+ e
i
Trong :
SAT S hi lng ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh nghip t tp hp X
k

tiu ch nh gi.
F = {F
1
,, F
j
} Cc bin thang o nhn t nh hng n SAT
= {
0
,,
j
} H s hi quy tc ng n SAT
e
i
sai s
Nguyn tc xy dng m hnh hi quy:
(i) Xem xt ma trn h s tng quan (Pearson Correlation):
Mi lin h tng quan gia cc bin nhn t F
j
: Kim nh Pearson
gia cc bin nhn t F
j
c ngha Sig. 0,05 v h s tng quan cht ch
th cc bin nhn t F
j
c du hiu a cng tuyn.
Mi lin h gi bin nhn t F
j
vi bin ph thuc SAT: Kim nh
Pearson gia tng bin nhn t F
j
vi bin ph thuc SAT c mi lin h
tng quan nhm xc nh bin nhn t F
j
tc ng ng bin hay nghch bin
n bin ph thuc SAT.
(ii) Cc th tc chn bin c lp (F
j
):
Phng php Enter c s dng phn tch hi quy bng cch tt c
cc bin c lp c a vo mt ln, a ra cc thng s thng k lin quan
n cc bin. Nu bin no tha u kin kim nh ngha h s hi quy
(Sig. 0,05) th nn gi li trong m hnh hi quy, cn bin no khng tha
iu kin kim nh th nn loi ra.
(iii) nh gi mc ph hp ca m hnh hi quy
- H s xc nh R
2
(R Square) l h s cng tng khi s bin c lp
c a thm vo m hnh. Tuy nhin, cn xem xt mc phn nh st
42
43
hn th nn s dng h s R
2
iu chnh (Adjusted R Square), v n khng
nht thit tng ln khi s bin c lp c a thm vo m hnh.
- Kim nh ANOVA: l mt php kim nh gi thuyt v ph hp
ca m hnh hi quy tuyn tnh tng th. ngha ca kim nh ny l xem
xt mi quan h gia bin ph thuc SAT c lin h tuyn tnh vi ton b
tp hp cc bin nhn t F
j
hay khng (Gi thuyt H
0
l
1
=
2
= =
j
= 0):
Nu bc b gi thuyt H
0
(Sig. 0,05): Tn ti t nht mt bin nhn t F
j
gii
thch c thay i bin ph thuc SAT; hoc nu khng c c s bc b gi
thuyt H
0
(Sig. 0,05): Cha th kt lun cc bin nhn t F
j
gii thch c
thay i bin ph thuc SAT.
(iv) Kim nh s vi phm cc gi nh cn thit trong m hnh hi
quy tuyn tnh
+ Kim tra bng biu tn s Histogram, biu tn s Q-Q plot,
biu phn tn Scatter nhm nh gi mc tuyn tnh ph hp vi d
liu quan st hay khng.
+ Kim nh Pearson trong ma trn h s tng quan (Pearson
Correlation), bt c lin h tng quan qua li cht ch no gia cc bin c
lp F
j
th c du hiu a cng tuyn.
+ chp nhp ca bin (Tolerance): chp nhn ca bin c lp F
j

c nh ngha l (1 R
j
2
), trong R
j
2
l h s tng quan bi khi bin c
lp F
j
c d on t cc bin c khc. Nu (1 R
j
2
) cng nh th c du
hiu a cng tuyn. H s phng i phng sai (VIF Variance Inflation
Factor): H s phng i phng sai ca bin F
j
c nh ngha VIF = 1 / (1
R
j
2
). Nu VIF > 10 th c du hiu a cng tuyn.
+ Kim nh gi thuyt phng sai ca sai s khng i: Kim nh
tng quan hng Spearmans ho c s dng xem xt gi thuyt H
0
: H
s tng quan hng ca tng th bng 0. Nu kt qu kim nh gi thuyt H
0

khng th b bc b (Sig. > 0,05), do c th kt lun phng sai ca sai s
khng thay i trong m hnh hi quy.
TCCV
(9 bin)
TLPL
(6 bin)
HQCV
(6 bin)
DTPT
(6 bin)
TUCHU
(4 bin)
ONCV
(4 bin)
CSQT
(4 bin)
PTLV
(7 bin)
TDTT
(5 bin)
QHLV
(8 bin)
TCCV
(k
1
9)
TLPL
(k
2
6)
HQCV
(k
3
6)
DTPT
(k
4
6)
TUCHU
(k
5
4)
ONCV
(k
6
4)
CSQT
(k
7
4)
PTLV
(k
8
7)
TDTT
(k
9
5)
QHLV
(k
10
8)

TCCV

TLPL

HQCV

DTPT

TUCHUCV

ONCV

CSQT

PTLV

TDTT

QHLV
F
1
F
2
F
3
F
4
F
5
F
6
F
7
F
8

F
j

2
(F
1
)

2
(F
2
)

2
(F
3
)

2
(F
4
)

2
(F
5
)

2
(F
6
)

2
(F
7
)

2
(F
8
)

2
(F
j
)

PHN TCH M T C IM
V THNG TIN C NHN
NGI LAO NG
(Gii tnh, nhm tui, trnh hc vn,
thi gian lm vic, thu nhp, v.v)
Nhm gii php,
chnh sch i vi
DOANH NGHIP
Nhm gii php,
chnh sch i vi
C QUAN QL

Kim nh tin cy
bng h s Cronbachs
Alpha
Phn tch nhn t EFA
Phn tch hi quy vi
bin ph thuc
Gii php, chnh sch
So snh
k l s lng bin gc
a vo phn tch EFA
l h s Cronbachs
Alpha
l h s ti (Rotated
Factor Loadings)
F
j
l bin nhn t
Ch thch:
Hnh A2-03: K thut phn tch nh gi s hi lng ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh nghip

SAT


Tp hp bin X
k

44


















Chng 3:
KT QU NGHIN CU

Nh trnh by chng 2, trc khi a ra kt qu nghin cu, c
s d liu cn c lc li, lm sch v m ha bng phn mm ng dng
SPSS 15.0 for Windows. Sau , kt qu nghin cu c trnh by gm
nhng ni dung sau: Thng k m t; kim nh tin cy ca thang o; phn
tch nhn t khm ph EFA; iu chnh gi thuyt; phn tch hi quy v kim
nh m hnh. s hi lng ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh nghip.

3.1. KIM TRA C S D LIU
3.1.1. Chn mu:
Theo quan im ca Gorsuch (1983, c trch bi MacClallum v
ng tc gi 1999), v Hong Trng & Chu Nguyn Mng Ngc (2005), kch
thc mu ti thiu phi t n 295 = (59 x 5) s quan st. M hnh nghin
cu ca ti ny gm 59 bin quan st v s lng mu quan st ph hp l
n = 431, m bo tin cy, mc n nh khi phn tch nh gi s hi
lng ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh nghip trn a bn tnh Bn Tre.
3.1.2. Cch thc thu thp thng tin:
Cch thc thu thp thng tin ca nghin cu ti ny c trin khai
thc hin c s h tr ca Lin on Lao ng tnh Bn Tre v cc c quan
chc nng ti a phng nhm tit kim thi gian v chi ph iu tra. Sau khi
kt thc qu trnh iu tra kho st, phiu thu thp thng tin c kim tra,
loi b mt s phiu tr li khng hp l. Nh vy s quan st ph hp c
a vo phn tch k thut m hnh nh gi s hi lng ca ngi lao ng
i vi doanh nghip l n = 431, bao gm 12 doanh nghip thuc cc lnh vc
u t, sn xut, thng mi v dch v.
45

3.2. THNG K M T
3.2.1. M t c im c nhn ca ngi lao ng:
Thng tin c nhn ca ngi lao ng gm: gii tnh, nhm tui, trnh
hc vn, doanh nghip ang lm vic, ngh nghip, thi gian lm vic, thu
nhp trung bnh mi thng, cc khon chi tiu theo phn trm thu nhp v
hot ng ngoi gi: (1) V gii tnh, ngi lao ng nam chim t l 35,3%
v n chim t l 64,7% trn tng s lao ng, trn thc t s lng lao ng
n nhiu hn lao ng nam. (2) V nhm tui, ngi lao ng c phn loi
theo nhm di 19 tui, 20-29 tui, 30-39 tui, 40-49 tui, trn 50 tui.
tui lao ng t 20-29 chim t l cao nht 47,8% trn tng s lao ng, k
n tui lao ng t 30-39 chim t l 31,1%. S lng lao ng di
tui lao ng (di 19 tui) chim t l rt thp di 1%. (3) V trnh hc
vn, ngi lao ng c phn loi theo nhm di trung cp, trung cp, cao
ng, i hc v trn i hc. Trnh hc vn tp trung nhm trnh
di trung cp chim t l cao nht 64,3% trn tng s lao ng. (4) V
doanh nghip, ngi lao ng lm vic ti cc doanh nghip thuc cc lnh
vc u t, sn xut, kinh doanh v dch v. S lng ngi lao ng c
kho st a s l i tng c trnh hc vn thp, ch yu tp trung nhng
ngnh nh may mc, thy sn, ma ng. (5) V thi gian lm vic, ngi
lao ng c phn loi theo nhm di 1 nm, 1-3 nm, 3-5 nm, 5-7 nm,
7-9 nm, trn 10 nm. Qua s liu kho st, thi gian lm vic t 1-3 nm c
s lng ngi lao ng chim t l cao nht 36,9% v trn 10 nm chim t
l 24,1% trn tng s lao ng. (6) V thu nhp trung bnh mi thng, ngi
lao ng c phn loi theo nhm di 1,0 triu; 1,0-2,0 triu; 2,1-3,0 triu;
3,1-4,0 triu; 4,1-5,0 triu; trn 5,0 triu. Da vo bng s liu thng k, a
phn ngi lao ng c thu nhp thp, tp trung 02 nhm 1,0-2,0 triu
(chim t l 52,9%) v 2,1-3,0 triu (chim t l 34,8%).
46
Trnh hc vn
duoi trung cap
65%

Thu nhp trung bnh mi thng
1,0 - 2,0 trieu
53%

Hnh A3-01: C cu ngi lao ng v trnh hc vn v thu nhp trung bnh
(7) V cc khon chi tiu theo phn trm thu nhp, ngi lao ng
c phn loi theo nhm chi tiu 5-10%, 10-20%, 20-30%, 30-40%, 40-
50%, trn 50% thu nhp hng thng. Qua s liu thu thp, c 25,97% trn
tng s lao ng dnh 30-40% thu nhp trung bnh mi thng cho khon chi
tiu n ung chim t l cao nht.
(8) V hot ng ngoi gi, phn ln hot ng ngoi gi ca ngi lao
ng dnh cho xem tivi, c sch bo (chim 85,58% trn tng s lao ng),
dnh thi gian nh (chim 64,19%) v s t ngi lao ng tham gia cc
hot ng vn, cu lc b ngoi gi lm vic.
(Xem ph lc 2 trang 78, mc A2.1. M t c im c nhn )
3.2.2. Kt hp v so snh c im c nhn
(1) Kt hp nhm tui v thu nhp trung bnh mi thng: da trn kt
qu thng k, tui t 20-29 tui vi thu nhp trung bnh t 1,0-2,0 triu
ng thng chim t l 33% trn tng s lao ng. Ring 02 nhm t 30-39
tui v 40-49 tui c mt phn phi tng i ng u gia cc nhm thu
nhp trung bnh mi thng nhng vi t l thp hn.
47
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
duoi 1
trieu
1,0 - 2,0
trieu
2,1 - 3,0
trieu
3,1 - 4,0
trieu
4,1 - 5,0
trieu
tren 5
trieu
nam
nu

Hnh A3-02: Kt hp gia nhm tui v thu nhp trung bnh
(2) Kt hp trnh hc vn v thu nhp trung bnh mi thng: da
trn kt qu thng k, trnh di trung c mc thu nhp t 1,0-2,0 triu
ng/thng chim t l 37,4% trn tng s lao ng, k n thu nhp t 2,1-
3,0 triu ng/thng chim t l 22,7%. iu ny cho bit thu nhp trung bnh
mi thng ca ngi lao ng u ph thuc trong nhm trnh hc vn
thp (di trung cp).
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
0
20
40
duoi trung cap
duoi 1 1,0 - 2,1 - 3,1 - 4,1 - tren 5
trieu 2,0
trieu
3,0
trieu
4,0
trieu
5,0
trieu
trieu
trung cap
cao dang
dai hoc

Hnh A3-03: Kt hp gia trnh hc vn v thu nhp trung bnh
(3) Kt hp doanh nghip v thu nhp trung bnh mi thng: da trn
kt qu thng k, Cng ty CP XNK Thy sn Bn Tre c quy m lao ng
ln vi thu nhp ca ngi lao ng t 2,1-3,0 triu ng/thng. Cc doanh
nghip c quy m lao ng ln khc th thu nhp ca ngi lao ng di 2,0
triu ng/thng. Cc doanh nghip c quy m lao ng nh th thu nhp ca
ngi lao ng ng tp trung t 2,1-3,0 triu ng/thng).
48
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
d
u
o
1
,
0

-

2
,
1

-

3
,
1

-

4
,
1

-

t
r
e
i

1

t
r
2
,
0

t
r
i
3
,
0

t
r
i
4
,
0

t
r
i
5
,
0

t
r
i
n

5

t
r
i i
e
u
e
u
e
u
e
u
e
u
e
u
Alliance One
Duoc
In
Khong Hiep
Mia Duong
Minh Chau
Cong trinh Do thi
Cap thoat nuoc
Nam Long
Luong Quoi
Thuy san
Viet Hong

Hnh A3-04: Kt hp gia doanh nghip v thu nhp trung bnh
(4) Kt hp thi gian lm vic v thu nhp trung bnh mi thng: da
vo kt qu thng k, ngi lao ng lm vic t 1-3 nm c thu nhp trung
bnh t 1,0-2,0 triu ng/thng chim 29,2% trn tng s lao ng, cn lm
vic trn 10 nm c thu nhp trung bnh 2,1-3,0 triu ng/thng chim t l
11,6% trn tng s lao ng.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
d
u
o
i
1
,
0

-

2
,
2
,
1

-

3
,
3
,
1

-

4
,
4
,
1

-

5
,
t
r
e
n

1

t
r
i
e
u
0

t
r
i
e
u
0

t
r
i
e
u
0

t
r
i
e
u
0

t
r
i
e
u

5

t
r
i
e
u
duoi 1nam
1-3 nam
3-5 nam
5-7 nam
7-9 nam
tren 10 nam

Hnh A3-05: Kt hp gia thi gian lm vic v thu nhp trung bnh
(Xem ph lc 2 trang 80, mc A2.2. Kt hp v so snh c im c nhn)
49
3.2.3. M t nhn t quan tm ca ngi lao ng
Cc nhn t m doanh nghip cn ci thin c bao gm nhng ni
dung nh sau: (1) iu kin lao ng, mi trng lm vic (KLV); (2) Thi
gian lm vic (TGLV); (3) Chnh sch, ni quy v quy nh v lao ng
(CSQT); (4) i sng vt cht ca cng nhn vin (SVC); (5) i sng vn
ha tinh thn ca cng nhn vin (SVH); (6) Chnh sch tin lng, thng
i
Tun th cc quy nh php lut v lao ng (QPL); (9) Chnh sch o to
Ph php v cch gi hiu qu cng
o quan tr
hai th hi s 2, nhn t no qu
thng k gi th t
ci thin c.
v phc li khc (TLPL); (7) Cc m quan h ni lm vic (QHLV); (8)
v pht trin nhn vin (TPT); (10) ng
vic (HQCV). Trong 10 nhn t v s quan tm nu cng ty ci thin, ngi
lao ng ch c chn 3 trong 10 nhn t nhn t n ng nht
th ghi s 1, nhn t no quan trng th g an
trng th ba th ghi s 3. Sau y l kt qu a u tin ca
cc nhn t vi mc quan trng nu doanh nghip
. Nu
QHLV
QPL
SVH
TPT
HQCV
CSQT
KLV
TLPL
SVC
TGLV

TLPL
SVC
KLV
TGLV
QHLV
QPL
HQCV
TPT
CSQT
SVH

Hnh A3-06: Mc quan trng nht Hnh A3-07: Mc quan trng th 2
QHLV
HQCV
CSQT
QPL
SVH
TGLV
TPT
SVC
KLV
TLPL

Hnh A3-08: Mc quan trng th 3 Ngun: S liu kho st ca ti nm 2009
v tnh ton ca tc gi.
Bng 3-01: S quan tm ca ngi
lao ng nu doanh nghip ci thin
Mc quan trng
i vi nhn t
Th t
u tin
Nht Th 2 Th 3
u tin 1 (6) TLPL (6) TLPL (1) KLV
u tin 2 (1) KLV (4) SVC (6) TLPL
u tin 3 (2) TGLV (2) TGLV (4) SVC
50
Qua kt qu phn tch cho thy rng cc nhn t m ngi lao ng
quan tm hoc hi lng nu doanh nghip cn u tin ci thin nhng nhn t
sau y: (6) Chnh sch tin lng, thng v phc li khc (TLPL); (1) iu
kin lao ng, mi trng lm vic (KLV); (4) i sng vt cht ca cng
nhn vin (SVC); (2) Thi gian lm vic (TGLV).
(Xem ph lc 2 trang 82, mc A2.3. M t nhn t quan tm)
3.2.4. M t nguyn vng ca ngi lao ng
C 442 ngi lao ng phn hi thng tin y , xc nh th t u
tin cho 04 nhm nhn t v nguyn vng ca bn thn, bao gm nh ng ni
dung c c
ph hp vi bn thn; Nhn c tin lng v tng lng tng xng vi
sc lc b ra v ci thin cuc sng; Cng ty c iu kin lm vic
thong; (2) Nguyn vng nhm nhn t 2: Mong lm vic trong mt mi
thin, gn b trong cng vic, tha mn i sng tinh thn gip cn bng cng
vic v cuc sng; (3) Nguyn vng nhm nhn t 3: Mong mun c hon
la chn cng vic yu

th sau: (1) Nguyn vng nhm nhn t 1: Mong c lm cng vi


trng vn ha, c cc hot ng x hi bn thn c th xy dng cc mi
quan h x hi. c lm vic vi nhng ng nghip, nh qun l thn
thin, khng nh bn thn v c tn trng. C th
thch, nng cao, pht huy ti a nng lc bn thn; (4) Nguyn vng nhm
nhn t 4: Mong mun c to iu kin cho i hc tp, o to nng cao
trnh , tay ngh c lm vic gn b lu di vi cng ty.
0%
Nguyn vng 1 Nguyn vng 2 Nguyn vng 3 Nguyn vng 4
60%
80%
100%
40%
20%
Quan trng 1 Quan trng 2 Quan trng 3 Quan trng 4

Hnh A3-09: Xp hng nguyn vng nhm nhn t theo mc quan trng
51
Qua th cho thy quan trng nht thuc nhm 1, quan trng th hai
thuc nhm 2, quan trng th ba thuc nhm 3, quan trng th t thuc nhm
4. Nh vy, nguyn vng u tin nht ca ngi lao ng l mong c lm
cng vic ph hp vi bn thn; Nhn c tin lng v tng lng tng
xng vi sc lc b ra v ci thin cuc sng; Cng ty c iu kin lm
vic thong.
(Xem ph lc 2 trang 83, mc A2.4. M t nguyn vng)
3.2.5. M t vn kh khn ca ngi lao ng
phn nh t bng cu
nh k; (3) c cung cp ba n gia ca; (4) Ngh php c lng;
,22%.
(Xem ph lc 2 trang 84, mc A2.6. M t ch phc li v o to)
Nhng vn kh khn ca ngi lao ng c
hi kho st, bao hm cc ni dung theo th t u tin nh sau: (1) Chi ph
sinh hot cao, tin lng khng m ng; (2) Tin cng, tin lng hin
nay qu thp; (3) Khng c iu kin hc hnh, nng cao trnh ; (4) Khng
c nh cho cng nhn; (5) t c a im gii tr ngoi gi lm vic; (6)
iu kin i li t ni n cng ty xa v kh khn; (7) Khng c nh
hng r rng pht trn ngh nghip
(Xem ph lc 2 trang 83, mc A2.5. M t vn kh khn)
3.2.6. M t ch phc li, chng trnh o to
V ch phc li, cc khon phc li c tn s ln hn 300 s quan
st, gm: (1) ng BHYT, BTXH, BH tht nghip y ; (2) c kim tra
sc khe
(5) c tr lng ngoi gi theo quy nh; (6) Ngh bnh c lng; (7) C
ch bo him tai nn 24/24; (8) Tr cp ch thai sn. Nhng khon
phc li cn li c nhn t cng ty c t l rt thp trn tng s lao ng.
V chng trnh o to, ngi lao ng c tham gia t 1-2 kha hc c t
l 31,99% trn tng s lao ng; t 3 kha tr ln c t l 3
3.2.7. Tm tt kt qu thng k m t
Qu trnh thc hin phn tch thng k cho thy:
52
Th nht, t l k vng trung bnh v tui lao ng t 20-29 tui,
trnh hc vn di trung cp, thi gian lm vic t 1-3 nm, thu nhp trung
bnh mi thng t 1,0-2,0 triu ng chi tiu cho n ung chim 30-40% thu
nhp mi thng. Nh vy, vn cn nghin cu ti cn xc nh yu t
ci thin tin lng phc li, o to pht trin nng cao trnh hc vn s
tc ng nh th no n s hi lng ca ngi lao ng doanh nghip.
i sng vt cht, thi gian
lm vic cc nhn
t k
li, phn tch th t n n
u, cho bi c c m lao n
g tin , i cn nghin c u phn tch nhn t EFA, ng u
tng quan v hi y n m nh gi nhn t tc n
ung ca ng i lao ng i
NH IN CY HA
3.3 kim h tin y thang o nhn t:
it k nghin cu
d Item-Total
ng o lng.
Sau n st ban
u X
m
= 59 bin, s bin quan st b loi tr khi thang o l 09 bin v s
Th hai, s quan tm, nguyn vng v nhng kh khn ca ngi lao
ng cng cho bit nhn t chnh m ngi lao ng cp: tin lng phc
li, iu kin lao ng v mi trng lm vic,
l nhng vn m ngi lao ng u tin la chn so vi
hc.
Tm ng k m ch cung cp nhng th g tin c
thit ban t c im t khi qut v ngi ng. Tr
c s thn t hin c
mi quan h qu h g n s
hi lng ch vi doanh nghip.

3.3. KIM T T NG O
.1. Kt qu n c
Trong phn kim nh tin cy thang o chng th
cho bit: (a) H s tng quan vi bin tng (Correcte
Correlation) nh hn 0,3 th xem nh l bin rc v cn phi loi b khi m
hnh; (b) H s Cronbachs Alpha ti thiu l 0,6 c xem l ph hp s
dng trong m hnh, tuy nhin cn la chn h s Cronbachs Alpha tt nht
nu bin gc bt k tng quan khng ph hp trong tha
khi phn tch tin cy 10 thang o nhn t, s bin qua

bin quan st a vo m hnh l X


k
= 50 bin.
53
Bng 3-02: Kt qu tng hp kim nh tin cy thang o
S bin quan st
Thang o
lng
Trc khi
kim nh
Sau khi
kim nh
Bin quan st loi tr khi
thang o lng
Cronbach
Alpha
1. TCCV 9 6 TCCV
1
, TCCV
6
, TCCV
7
0,759
2. TLPL 6 5 TLPL
6
0,805
3. HQCV 6 6 0,863
4. DTPT 6 6 0,719
5. TUCHU 4 4 0,787
6. ONCV 4 2 ONCV
1
, ONCV
4
0,796
7. CSQT 4 3 CSQT
4
0,746
8. PTLV 7 6 PTLV
6
0,852
9. TDTT 5 5 0,831
10. Q 2 HLV 8 7 QHLV
7
0,93
Tng cng 59 50
Ngun: S liu kh a ti nm 2009 v tnh ton ca tc gi.
3.3.2. Kt qu kim nh tin cy tiu ch o lng chung
Kim nh tin cy 3 tiu ch o lng chung (CHUNG
1
, CHUNG
2
,
CHUNG ) cho thy nu loi b i bt k bin no trong thang o ny th h s
Cronbachs Alpha u gim. Do bachs Alpha tt nht = 0,764
vi s lng bin gc ph hp k =
o st c
3
h s Cron
3 trong thang o ny.

KHM PH A
3.4.1. Phn tch nhn t EFA ca tp hp bin
ph EFA nh n st
X
k
thnh tp hp bin nhn t F
j
(tha iu kin k>j). Phn tch nhn t EFA
s O a
t n (b) in q
bin quan st X
k
no c h s ti nh hn 0,3 i khi m hnh phn
ch a cc i
(Xem ph lc 3 trang 85: Kim nh tin cy thang o)
3.4. PHN TCH NHN T EF
X
k
(k=50)
Phn tch nhn t khm m r t gn tp hp bin qua
c cho l ph h p khi: (a) h KM phi t 0,5 KMO 1, ngh
kim nh Bartlet
nu
h hn 0,05; b uan st X
k
c h s ti 0,3 v
u lo
tch; (c) Tng phng sai gii th c nhn t F
j
phi ln hn 50% (v
iu kin Eigenvalue > 1).
54

Component Number
50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
E
i
g
e
n
v
a
l
u
e
10
20
15
5
0



Hnh A3-10: Gii thch s lng nhn t bng i lng Eigenvalue
Sau khi kt thc qu trnh phn tch nhn t khm ph EFA ca tp hp
bin quan st X
k
(k=50) c rt gn tp hp bin nhn t F
j
(j=10) vi
ngha gii thch b
10 nhn t u gii
65,54% s bin thin d
liu vi eigenvalue > 1
thch
ng cc bin quan st X
k
c h s ti 0,3; h s Kaiser-
im
nh B
Meyer-Olkin: KMO = 0,941 tha kiu kin 0,5 KMO 1; ngha k
artlett: Sig. = 0,000, tha diu kin Sig. < 0,05 vi mc gii thch
65,54% s bin thin ca d liu.
Bng 3-03: Tng hp cc bin nhn t F
j
sau khi phn tch EFA
Tn nhn t K hiu
Nhn
t
Phng
sai
Bin quan st
F1: Quan h cng vic F1_QuanHe F
1
16,519 QHLV6, QHLV4, QHLV5,
QHLV3, QHLV2, TDTT4, TDTT3,
QHLV1, QHLV8, TDTT5, CSQT2,
TDTT2, TDTT1, PTLV7, ONCV2,
F2: Hiu r kt qu cng
vic
F2_HieuRo F
2
8,222 HQCV4, HQCV6, HQCV5,
HQCV2, HQCV1, DTPT4,
HQCV3,
F3: Tin lng t
xng vi KQCV
PL4, TLPL5, ng F3_TienLuong F
3
7,807 TLPL1, TLPL2, TL
DTPT6, TLPL3,
F4: Phng tin lm
ic
F4_PhuongTien F
4
7,033 PTLV3, PTLV4, PTLV1, PTLV5,
PTLV2, v
F5: Quyn hn thc hin F5_QuyenHan F
5
5,923 TUCHU4, TUCHU3, TUCHU2,
55
Tn nhn t K hiu
Nhn
t
Phng
sai
Bin quan st
cng vic TUCHU1, CSQT3,
F6: Thch nghi vi cng
vic hin ti
F6_ThichNghi F
6
5,270 TCCV8, TCCV2, TCCV9,
F7: Hun luyn pht
in k nng lm vic
F7_HuanLuyen F
7
5,169 DTPT2, DTPT1, DTPT3,
tr
F
thch th
8: Cng vic i hi
c sng to
F8_ThachThuc F
8
3,818 TCCV3, TCCV5, TCCV4, DTPT5,
F9: Chnh sch x l k
lut cng bng
F9_KyLuat F
9
3,281 CSQT1,

F10: t khi lo lng b mt
ic lm
F10_MatViec F
10
2,497 ONCV3,
v
Ngun: Kt qu phn tch EFA
3.4.2. Phn tch nhn t EFA ca 3 tiu ch o lng chung
t l tng.
Sau khi phn tch mc gii thch
o lng CHUNG = {CHUNG
1
, CHUNG
2
,
est cho
y m lch cao hn tiu ch o lng
ao hm ht ngha ca d liu. Vic la chn bin SAT l
ng i vi doanh nghip.
(Xem ph lc 4 trang 91: Phn tch nhn t EFA)
Tp hp bin {CHUNG
1
, CHUNG
2
, CHUNG
3
} o lng mc tha
mn chung: (1) iu kin lm vic, chnh sch, phc li; (2) Gn b lu di
vi cng vic; (3) Doanh nghip ni ngi lao ng lm vic r
nhn t EFA, tp hp bin ny cho thy
67,92% s bin thin ca d liu v c rt gn thnh mt bin nhn t duy
nht (CHUNG).
3.4.3. Kim nh tham s One-Sample T-Test bin nhn t (CHUNG)
im trung bnh t tiu ch
CHUNG
3
} l 3,5994 im trong khi im trung bnh trn tng th o
lng hi lng chung ca ngi lao ng SAT l im trung bnh t tp hp
50 bin X
k
l 3,8229 im. Qua Kim nh tham s One-Sample T-T
th c hi lng chung SAT chnh
CHUNG, dao ng trong khong (-0,3086; -0,1385), do tiu ch o lng
CHUNG cha b
ph hp trong vic gii thch ngha ton b d liu nh gi s hi lng
chung ca ngi lao
56









Hnh A3-11: M hnh iu chnh nh gi s hi lng
N V HI QUY
3.5.1. iu chnh gi t:
t F n F , yu t no tht s tc
SAT c thc hin bng phng trnh hi quy tuyn tnh bi:
SAT =
0
+
1
F
1
+
2
F
2
+ +
10
F
10
+ e
i
vo phn tch hi quy c tnh bng
k
> 0,3.

n h cng vic c tc ng ng

3.5. PHN TCH TNG QUA
thuy
Vic xem xt trong cc nhn t
1 10
ng n mc hi lng chung ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh nghip
Trong , cc bin nhn t a
cch tnh F
j
= W
kj
Z
k
(>0,3), tc l trng s nhn t c trch t bng ma
trn trng s nhn t Z (Component Score Coefficient Matrix) nhn vi bin
quan st X c h s ti
kj
T bng ma trn tng quan v cc bin nhn t v cc bin ph thuc
o lng s hi lng chung ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh nghip, cho
thy bin nhn t tc ng bin ph thuc ng bin hay nghch bin.
iu chnh gi thuyt cho m hnh:
- Gi thuyt H

1 1
bin n SAT;
: Nhn t F Qua
Bin ph thuc
SAT
(a) Bn nhn t
iu chnh

F
1
_QuanHe
F
2
_HieuRo
F
3
_TienLuong
F
4
_PhuongTien
F
5
_QuyenHan
F
6
_ThichNghi
F
7
_HuanLuyen
F
8
_ThachThuc
F _KyLuat
9
F
10
_MatViec
(b) c im v nhu cu
ngi lao ng
Gii tnh, tui, trnh hc vn,
thi gian lm vic, thu nhp trung bnh
v c im khc
Nhu cu cn ci thin ti doanh
nghip, nguyn vng trong tng lai
v nhng kh kh hin ti ca ngi
Hi quy
lao ng
Gii php
57
- Gi thuyt H
2

: Nhn t F
2
Hiu r kt qu cng vic c tc ng
ng bin n SAT;
- Gi thuyt H
3

: Nhn t F
3
Tin lng tng xng vi kt qu cng

hi quy tuyn tnh nh gi mc tc ng ca cc
, F
5
, F
6
, F
9
,
vic c tc ng ng bin n SAT;
- Gi thuyt H
4

: Nhn t F
4
Phng tin lm vic c tc ng ng
bin n SAT;
- Gi thuyt H
5

: Nhn t F
5
Quyn hn thc hin cng vic c tc
ng ng bin n SAT;
- Gi thuyt H
6

: Nhn t F
6
Thch nghi vi cng vic hin ti c tc
ng ng bin n SAT;
- Gi thuyt H
7

: Nhn t F
7
Hun luyn pht trin k nng lm vic
c tc ng ng bin n SAT;
- Gi thuyt H
8

: Nhn t F
8
Cng vic i hi thch thc sng to
c tc ng ng bin n SAT;
- Gi thuyt H
9

: Nhn t F
9
Chnh sch x l k lut cng bng c
tc ng ng bin n SAT;
- Gi thuyt H
10

: Nhn t F
10
t khi lo lng b mt vic lm c tc
ng ng bin n SAT;

3.5.2. Kt qu hi quy v kim nh:
Phng trnh
nhn t n s hi lng chung ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh nghip SAT
c xc nh nh sau:
SAT = 0,136 + 0,173F
1
+ 0,129F
4
+ 0,222F
5
+ 0,133F
6
+ 0,119F
9
+ 0,223F
10
Vi h s xc nh R
2
= 0,914 cho thy 0,914 x 0,655 = 59,87% s thay
i bin ph thuc SAT c gii thch bi cc bin nhn t F
1
, F
4
F
10
nhng cng cho thy rng 40,13% s thay i bin ph thuc SAT khng
c gii thch bi cc bin nhn t ny.
58
Gii thch ngha h s hi quy: Trong iu kin cc yu t khc
khng i, nu F
1
tng mt n v th SAT tng 0,173 n v; F
4
tng mt n
ng n nhn t F
1
_QuanHeQuan h cng
vic khi xy dng gii php, nu tng mc tha mn trong quan h cng
vic ca ngi lao ng ln 1 im, th cn xy dng cc gii php ng b
theo mc ng gp cc tiu ch o lng (0,13QHLV
6
+ 0,09QHLV
4
+
0,1QHLV
5
+ 0,09QHLV
3
+ 0,08QHLV
2
+ 0,1TDTT
4
+ 0,08TDTT
3
+
0,07QHLV
1
+ 0,07QHLV
8
+ 0,05TDTT
5
+ 0,02CSQT
2
+ 0,03TDTT
2
+
0,05TDTT + 0,03PTLV + 0,0 ONCV ) im.
(2) Gii thch ngha tc ng n nhn t F _PhuongTienPhng
ng n nhn t F6_ThichNghi Thch nghi
vi cng vi a mn
ong vic to iu kin ngi lao ng thch nghi vi cng vic hin ti
tiu ch o lng (0,33TCCV
8
+ 0,34TCCV
2
+ 0,33TCCV
9
) im.
v th SAT tng 0,129 n v; F
5
tng mt n v th SAT tng 0,222 n v;
F
6
tng mt n v th SAT tng 0,133 n v; F
9
tng mt n v th SAT
tng 0,119 n v; F
10
tng mt n v th SAT tng 0,223 n v.
Gii thch ngha tc ng n cc nhn t:
(1) Gii thch ngha tc
1
1 7 2
4
tin lm vic khi xy dng gii php, nu tng mc tha mn trong vic
trang b y phng tin lm vic cho ngi lao ng ln 1 im, th cn
xy dng cc gii php ng b theo mc ng gp cc tiu ch o lng
(0,26PTLV
3
+ 0,22PTLV
4
+ 0,18PTLV
1
+ 0,17PTLV
5
+ 0,17PTLV
2
) im.
(3) Gii thch ngha tc ng n nhn t F
5
_QuyenHan Quyn hn
thc hin cng vic khi xy dng gii php, nu tng mc tha mn trong
vic trao quyn hn thc hin cng vic ca ngi lao ng ln 1 im, th
cn xy dng cc gii php ng b theo mc ng gp cc tiu ch o
lng (0,29TUCHU
4
+ 0,27TUCHU
3
+ 0,18TUCHU
2
+ 0,13TUCHU
1
+
0,13CSQT
3
) im.
(4) Gii thch ngha tc
c hin ti khi xy dng gii php, nu tng mc th
tr
ln 1 im, th cn xy dng cc gii php ng b theo mc ng gp cc
59
(5) Gii thch ngha tc ng n nhn t F9_KyLuat Chnh sch
x l k lut cng bng khi xy dng gii php, nu tng mc tha mn
trong vic thc hin chnh sch k lut cng i vi ngi lao ng ln 1
im, th cn xy dng cc gii php ng b theo mc ng gp cc tiu
ch o lng (CSQT
1
) im.
(6) Gii thch ngha tc ng n nhn t F10_MatViec t khi lo
lng b mt vic lm khi xy dng gii php, nu tng mc tha mn
trong vic m bo cng vic n nh ngi lao ng an tm lm vic ln
y dng cc gii php ng b theo mc ng gp cc 1 im, th cn x
tiu ch o lng (ONCV
3
) im.
Regression Standardized Residual
4 2 0 -2 -4 -6
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
60
40
20
0

Observed Cum Prob
1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0
E
x
p
e
c
t
e
d

C
u
m

P
r
o
b
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0

Regression Standardized Predicted Value
2 0 -2 -4
R
e
g
r
-6
e
s
s
i
o
n

S
t
u
d
e
n
t
i
z
e

D
e
l
e
t
e
d

(
P
r
e
s
s
)

R
e
s
i
d
u
a
l
4
2
0
-2
d
-4

Hnh A3-12: Histogram Hnh A3-13: Q-Q plot Hnh A3-14: Scatter
Vic xc nh tm quan trng ca cc bin nhn t n bin ph thuc
c da vo h s chun ha Beta (Standardized Coefficients). T kt qu
h nh gi s hi lng SAT cho thy h s Beta chun ha
PhuongTien Phng tin lm vic ; nhn
rang 99: Phn tch tng quan v hi quy)
hi quy ca m hn
ca cc bin F
1
, F
4
, F
5
, F
6
, F
9
v F
10
ln lt l 0,350; 0,214; 0,361; 0,173;
0,082; 0,109. Do c th kt lun rng nhn t F
5
_QuyenHan Quyn hn
thc hin cng vic c tm quan trng cao nht i vi s hi lng chung
ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh nghip; k tip l nhn t F
1
_QuanHe
Quan h cng vic; nhn t F
4
_
t F
6
_ThichNghi Thch nghi vi cng vic hin ti ; nhn t F
10
_MatViec
t khi lo lng b mt vic lm v cui cng l nhn t F
9
_KyLuat Chnh
sch x l k lut cng bng.
(Xem ph lc 5 t
60

3.6. SO SNH C IM C NHN NH HNG N S HI LNG
Nh cp trong m hnh khi nim v cc nt nh hng n s
hi lng ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh nghip gia cc nhm c im
ngi lao ng nh gii tnh, nhm tui, trnh hc vn, c quan, thi gian
tr
th mu c lp (Independent-Sample T-test) v kim
tha mn gia ngi nam
ia ngi nam v ngi n c s khc bit v kha cnh
at; cc kha cnh khc cha c s bc b H
0
hay
m
lm vic, thu nhp trung bnh, ch phc li c s khc bit gia cc nhm
vi nhau hay khng nh hng n s hi lng ca ngi lao ng i vi
doanh nghip trn a bn tnh Bn Tre bng cc k thut kim nh v
trung bnh ca 2 tng
nh phng sai mt yu t (One-Way ANOVA).
3.6.1. Gii tnh
So snh mc tha mn v kha cnh F
1
_QuanHe, F
4
_PhuongTien,
F
5
_QuyenHan, F
6
_ThichNghi, F
9
_KyLuat, F
10
_MatViec, SAT gia nam v
n c khc nhau khng, ta c gi thit: H
0
: Mc
v ngi n khng c s khc bit trn tng th; H
1
: Mc tha mn gia
ngi nam v ngi n c s khc bit trn tng th.
Kt qu kim nh Independent-Sample T-test, cho thy: mc tha
mn g
F4_PhuongTien, F9_KyLu
chp nhp H
1
.
3.6.2. Nhm tui
So snh mc tha mn v kha cnh F
1
_QuanHe, F
4
_PhuongTien,
F
5
_QuyenHan, F
6
_ThichNghi, F
9
_KyLuat, F
10
_MatViec, SAT gia cc nhm
tui c khc nhau khng, ta c gi thit: H
0
: Mc tha mn gia cc nh
tui khng c s khc bit trn tng th; H
1
: Mc tha mn gia cc nhm
tui c s khc bit trn tng th.
61
Kt qu kim nh One-Way ANOVA, cho thy: mc tha mn
gia cc nhm tui c s khc bit v kha cnh F5_QuyenHan, F9_KyLuat;
cc kha cnh khc cha c s bc b H
0
hay chp nhp H
1
.
3.6.3. Trnh hc vn
So snh mc tha mn v kha cnh F
1
_QuanHe, F
4
_PhuongTien,
it trn tng th; H
1
: Mc
m trnh hc vn c s khc bit trn tng th.
a mn gia cc
ne-Way ANOVA, cho thy: mc tha mn
gia cc doa F
1
_QuanHe,
4
_PhuongTien, F
5
_QuyenHan, F
6
_ThichNghi, F
9
_KyLuat, F
10
_MatViec,
vic c khc nhau khng, ta c gi thit: H
0
: Mc tha mn
gia cc nhm thi gian lm vic khng c s khc bit trn tng th; H
1
: Mc
tha mn gia cc nhm thi gian lm vic c s khc bit trn tng th.
F
5
_QuyenHan, F
6
_ThichNghi, F
9
_KyLuat, F
10
_MatViec, SAT gia cc nhm
trnh hc vn c khc nhau khng, ta c gi thit: H
0
: Mc tha mn
gia cc nhm trnh hc vn khng c s khc b
tha mn gia cc nh
Kt qu kim nh One-Way ANOVA, cho thy: mc tha mn
gia cc nhm trnh hc vn c s khc bit v kha cnh F6_ThchNghi,
F9_KyLuat; cc kha cnh khc cha c s bc b H
0
hay chp nhp H
1
.
3.6.4. Doanh nghip
So snh mc tha mn v kha cnh F
1
_QuanHe, F
4
_PhuongTien,
F
5
_QuyenHan, F
6
_ThichNghi, F
9
_KyLuat, F
10
_MatViec, SAT gia cc doanh
nghip c khc nhau khng, ta c gi thit: H
0
: Mc th
doanh nghip khng c s khc bit trn tng th; H
1
: Mc tha mn gia
cc doanh nghip c s khc bit trn tng th.
Kt qu kim nh O
nh nghip c s khc bit v tt c kha cnh
F
SAT.
3.6.5. Thi gian lm vic
So snh mc tha mn v kha cnh F
1
_QuanHe, F
4
_PhuongTien,
F
5
_QuyenHan, F
6
_ThichNghi, F
9
_KyLuat, F
10
_MatViec, SAT gia cc nhm
thi gian lm
62
Kt qu kim nh One-Way ANOVA, cho thy: mc tha mn
gia cc nhm thi gian lm vic c s khc bit v kha cnh F5_QuyenHan,
F6_ThchNghi; cc kha cnh khc cha c s bc b H
0
hay chp nhp H
1
.
F
10
_MatViec, SAT gia cc nhm
tng th.
3.6.7. Ch phc li
ng ch phc li v ng i, ta
c gi thit: H : Mc tha mn gia ngi c hng ch phc li v
ngi khng c hng ch phc li khng c s khc bi ng th;
H : Mc tha mn gia ngi c hng ch phc li v ngi khng
c hng ch phc li c s khc bit trn tng th.
phc li c s khc bit.
(Xem ph lc 6 trang 103: Kim nh phi tham s)

3.7. TM TT KT QU NGHIN CU
Chng ny gii thiu cc kt qu nghin cu c c t vic x l
v phn tch s liu thu thp c. Trc tin, d liu c sn lc, lm
3.6.6. Thu nhp
So snh mc tha mn v kha cnh F
1
_QuanHe, F
4
_PhuongTien,
F
5
_QuyenHan, F
6
_ThichNghi, F
9
_KyLuat,
thu nhp c khc nhau khng, ta c gi thit: H
0
: Mc tha mn gia cc
nhm thi gian lm vic khng c s khc bit trn tng th; H
1
: Mc tha
mn gia cc nhm thu nhp c s khc bit trn
Kt qu kim nh One-Way ANOVA, cho thy: mc tha mn
gia cc nhm thu nhp c s khc bit v kha cnh F6_ThchNghi; cc kha
cnh khc cha c s bc b H
0
hay chp nhp H
1
.
So snh mc tha mn v kha cnh F
1
_QuanHe, F
4
_PhuongTien,
F
5
_QuyenHan, F
6
_ThichNghi, F
9
_KyLuat, F
10
_MatViec, SAT gia ngi
c h i khng c hng ch phc l
0
t trn t
1
Kt qu kim nh Independent Samples T-test, cho thy: mc tha
mn gia ngi c hng ch phc li v ngi khng c hng ch
63
sch v m ha trc khi c th cho tin hnh x l v cho ra kt qu thng
k suy din.
Th g qut v
u nghin cu theo gii tnh, tui, thi gian lm vic, trnh hc vn,
t thnh
0 nhm nhn t, i din cho vic nh gi s hi lng ca ngi lao ng
p trn a bn tnh Bn Tre.
vic, thu nhp trung bnh, ch
nht, phn m t mu gip chng ta c ci nhn tn
m
thu nhp v cc tiu ch nh gi khc.
Th hai, vic xc nh h s Cronbachs Alpha v phn tch nhn t
h tr trong vic loi b 9 bin quan st c tin cy thp trc khi a vo
phn tch nhn t, hi quy v tng quan.
Th ba, vic phn tch nhn t EFA rt gn 50 bin quan s
1
i vi doanh nghi
Th t, vic phn tch hi quy tuyn tnh c tin hnh vi phng
php bnh phng b nht thng thng OSL gip ta c c phng trnh
hi quy tuyn tnh cng nh cng nh hng ca cc nhn t i vi s
tha mn ca ngi lao ng. Kt qu phn tch hi quy cho thy c 6 nhn t
vi cng nh hng mnh n s hi lng chung ca ngi lao ng i
vi doanh nghip l F
6
_QuyenHan Quyn hn thc hin cng vic c tm
quan trng cao nht; k tip ln lt l nhn t F
1
_QuanHe Quan h cng
vic; nhn t F
4
_PhuongTien Phng tin lm vic; nhn t
F
6
_ThichNghi Thch nghi vi cng vic hin ti; nhn t F
10
_MatViec t
khi lo lng b mt vic lm; v cui cng nhn t F
9
_KyLuat Chnh sch x
l k lut cng bng.
Cui cng, khi so snh c im c nhn gia cc nhm gii tnh, nhm
tui, trnh hc vn, c quan, thi gian lm
phc li, cho thy c vn c s khc bit mc tha mn v kha cnh nhn
t trn ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh nghip trn a bn tnh Bn Tre.

64

Chng 4:
KT LUN V GI MT S GII PHP

Trong chng ny, trc ht t kt qu nghin cu chng ta s a ra
kt lun v s hi lng ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh nghip trn a bn
ti Bn Tre. Cui chng ny s l mt s gii hn
lng chung ca
8
to; Nhn t F
9
Chnh sch x l k lut cng bng;
hn t F
10
t khi lo lng b mt vic lm.
uy tuyn tnh c tin hnh vi phng
i doanh nghip,
tnh Bn Tre. Tip n l xut mt s gii php i vi ngi s dng lao
ng v c quan qun l
ca nghin cu ny v cc xut cho cc nghin cu trong tng lai.

4.1. KT LUN
Trn c s tip cn nhng c s l thuyt nghin cu s hi lng ca
ngi lao ng trc y, ti xy dng c m hnh gm 10 thang o
lng v 59 bin quan st nh hng n s hi lng ca ngi lao ng i
vi doanh nghip trn a bn tnh Bn Tre. Bng phng php phn tch
nhn t khm ph EFA cho thy m hnh ban u c iu chnh li v 59
bin quan st c rt gn thnh 10 nhn t o lng s hi
ngi lao ng i vi doanh nghip: Nhn t F
1
Quan h cng vic; Nhn
t F
2
Hiu r kt qu cng vic; Nhn t F
3
Tin lng tng xng vi kt
qu cng vic; Nhn t F
4
Phng tin lm vic; Nhn t F
5
Quyn hn
thc hin cng vic; Nhn t F
6
Thch nghi vi cng vic hin ti; Nhn
t F
7
Hun luyn pht trin k nng lm vic; Nhn t F Cng vic i
hi thch thc sng
N
Thng qua vic phn tch hi q
php bnh phng b nht thng thng OSL xc nh mc nh hng
ca tng nhn t n s hi lng ca ngi lao ng i v
kt qu thc nghim ch ra rng c 06 nhn t chnh tht s c tc ng n
65
s hi lng chung ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh nghip trn a bn tnh
Bn Tre theo th t quan trng sau: nhn t F
6
_QuyenHan Quyn hn thc
hin cng vic; nhn t F
1
_QuanHe Quan h cng vic; nhn t
F
4
_PhuongTien Phng tin lm vic; nhn t F
6
_ThichNghi Thch nghi
vi cng vic hin ti; nhn t F
10
_MatViec t khi lo lng b mt vic lm;
v nhn t F
9
_KyLuat Chnh sch x l k lut cng bng.
Bn cnh , kt qu phn tch thng k m t cung cp mt s
ng tin cn quan tm:
Th nht, thu nhp ca ngi lao ng cn thp, c thu nhp trung bnh
i thng t 1,0 n 2,0 triu ng, trong dnh cho chi tiu n ung chim
0-40% thu nhp. Thng qua kt qu kim nh v k vng trung bnh v
c tha mn ca ngi lao ng gia cc nhm thu nhp cho thy nu
i thin thu nhp trung bnh ca ngi lao ng t khong 1,0-2,0 triu
ng/thng ln khong 2,1-3,0 triu ng/thng th mc tha mn chung
ca m
i x hi cng cho
g chung ca ngi
e:

th

m
3
m
c

ngi lao ng tng ln. Bn cnh , nu ngi lao ng c quan t


tt hn trong vic h tr y ch lao ng v phc l
thy mc tha mn ca ngi lao ng s thay i tt hn.
Th hai, trong bi cnh kinh t Vit Nam ang lm pht cao th nhng
kh khn ca ngi lao ng nh: Chi ph sinh hot cao trong khi tin lng
khng p ng; Tin cng, tin lng hin ti qu thp; Khng c iu
kin hc hnh, nng cao trnh ; Khng c nh cho cng nhn; Khng c
nh hng r rng pht trin ngh nghip cng lm gim mc hi lng
ca ngi lao ng.

4.2. GI MT S GII PHP
4.2.1. Nhm gii php chnh tc ng n s hi ln
lao ng i vi doanh nghip trn a bn tnh Bn Tr
Gm su nhm gii php chnh tc ng n s hi lng chung ca
ngi lao ng i vi doanh nghip trn a bn tnh Bn Tre: (1) nhm gii
66
php F
6
_QuyenHan Quyn hn thc hin cng vic; (2) nhm gii php
F
1
_QuanHe Quan h cng vic; (3) nhm gii php F
4
_PhuongTien
Phng tin lm vic; (4) nhm gii php F
6
_ThichNghi Thch nghi vi
cng vic hin ti; (5) nhm gii php F
10
_MatViec t khi lo lng b mt vic
lm; v (6) nhm gii php F
9
_KyLuat Chnh sch x l k lut cng bng.









Hnh A4-01: S cc gii php chnh tc ng n s hi lng chung
4.2.1.1. Nhm gii php F _QuyenHan: Gm 5 gii php
S tha mn trong vic trao quyn hn thc hin cng vic c
6
SAT

F
1
_
Q
u
a
n
H
e

(
1
5

g
i
a
i

p
h
a
p
)


F
4
_
P
h
u
o
n
g
T
i
e
n

(
5

g
i
a
i

p
h
a
p
)


F
6
_
T
h
i
c
h
N
g
h
i

(
3

g
i
a
i

p
h
a
p
)


F
_
M
a
t
V
i
e
1
0
c

(
1

g
i
a
i

p
h
a
p
)


F
9
_
K
y
L
u
a
t

(
1

g
i
a
i

p
h
a
p
)


F
5
_
Q
u
y
e
n
H
a
n

(
5

g
i
a
i
h
a
p
)

p

ho ngi
c, lao ng l mt thc o mc tha mn to ng lc ng vin lm vi
gip ngi lao ng thoi mi, t tin, c trch nhim hn i vi hot ng
kinh doanh ca doanh nghip. V vy, thc o ny cn tp trung gii quyt
mt s vn sau: (1) Ngi lao ng c quyn ch ng v t chu trch
nhim vi cng vic; (2) Ngi lao ng c quyn hn thc hin cng
vic; (3) Ngi lao ng c khuyn khch a ra nhng sng kin, xut
ci tin cng vic; (4) Ngi lao ng c khuyn khch tham gia vo cc
quyt nh lin quan n cng vic; (5) Ngi lao ng bit cch x l cc
tnh hung khn cp ti ni lm vic khi c s c xy ra
4.2.1.2. Nhm gii php F
1
_QuanHe: gm 15 gii php
S tha mn trong mi quan h cng vic gia ngi lao ng v lnh
o l mt thc o mc tha mn gip ngi lao ng lm vic thoi mi
67
khi c cp lnh o quan tm, gip trong cng vic. V vy, thc o
ny cn tp trung gii quyt mt s vn sau: (1) Cp trn trc tip hiu
c, quan tm v gip nhn vin gii quyt cc vn kh khn; (2)
Nhn vin c cp trn h tr chuyn mn trong cng vic; (3) Nhn vin
Cp trn lun bo
trong ngy lm vic u tin; (12) Nhn vin thng xuyn c
i cp trn; (13) Ngi lao ng c y
rong vic trang b y phng tin lm vic cho ngi
a mn gip ngi lao ng thoi mi, an
p; (2) Ngi lao ng cn c trang b
ng, c bng hng dn thc hin m bo
m bo theo cc nguyn tc an ton (thng thot, sch s,
thng xuyn c cp trn hng dn trong cng vic; (4)
v quyn li cho nhn vin; (5) Nhn vin trong cng ty lun c tn trng
v tin tng; (6) Cp trn c tham kho kin ca nhn vin trc khi ra
quyt nh; (7) Cp trn lun thng bo v cung cp cho nhn vin v nhng
thay i lin quan n cng ty; (8) Lnh o xem nhn vin l mt thnh vin
quan trng ca cng ty; (9) C s cnh tranh lnh mnh gia cc ng nghip
vi nhau; (10) Nhn vin hiu r nn lm g v gp ai nu c thc mc v
cng vic; (11) Nhn vin c gii thiu, hng dn v nh hng cng
vic r rng
cc bui hp nhm/t/phng ban v
thng tin ng v cn thit hon thnh tt cng vic; (14) Ban lnh o
lun quan tm ci thin mi trng v phng tin lm vic cho cng nhn
vin; (15) Ngi lao ng c m bo c vic lm thng xuyn.
4.2.1.3. Nhm gii php F
4
_PhuongTien: gm 5 gii php
S tha mn t
lao ng l mt thc o mc th
ton v hi lng chp nhn ng gp cng sc vo hot ng kinh doanh ca
doanh nghip. V vy, thc o ny cn tp trung gii quyt mt s vn
sau: (1) Ngi lao ng cn c cung cp y trang thit b v cng c
dng c cn thit khi h lm vic, thay th hoc b sung nu trang thit b,
cng c dng c cha p ng yu cu ca ngi lao ng trong hot ng
sn xut kinh doanh ca doanh nghi
y phng tin bo h lao
an ton trong cng vic nguy him n con ngi; (3) Ni lm vic ca ngi
lao ng cn c
68
khong khng an ton, ca thot him, dng c phng chy cha chy,
v.v); (4) Ngi lao ng c hng dn y v sc kho v an ton
lao ng nhm hn ch s c hoc ri ro trc khi bt u lm vic; (5) Mi
trng lm vic sch s, khng c hi.
4.2.1.4. Nhm gii php F
6
_ThichNghi: gm 3 gii php
S tha mn trong vic thch nghi vi cng vic hin ti m ngi lao
ng chp nhn lm vic l mt thc o mc tha mn m ngi lao
ng cn c trch nhim hn i vi hot ng sn xut kinh doanh hin ti
ca doanh nghip. V vy, thc o ny cn tp trung gii quyt mt s vn
sau: (1) Cng vic hin ti khin nhn vin cm thy b tc, khng pht
trin c kh nng ca bn thn; (2) Cng vic hin ti ca nhn vin rt
nhm chn; (3) Cng vic hin nay tri vi ngh nghip v chuyn mn ca
nhn vin.
4.2.1.5. Gii php F
10
_MatViec:
S tha mn trong vic t khi phi lo lng b mt vic l l mt thc
o mc tha mn m ngi lao ng cm thy khng s b ui vic hay
mt vic i vi tnh cht cng vic m h m nhn. Vi thc o ny,
doanh nghip cn tp trung gii quyt to s an tm v n nh cho ngi lao
ng khi lm vic.
4.2.1.6. Gii php F
9
_KyLuat:
S tha mn trong vic chnh sch x l k lut ca cng ty cng bng
v nht qun l l mt thc o mc tha mn m ngi lao ng cm
thy khng b i x bt cng trong cng vic hay trong mi quan h lm
vic.Vi thc o ny, doanh nghip cn c nhng chnh sch x l k lut r
rng, minh bch v cng khai ngi lao ng nm vng v lm vic theo
ng quy nh, chnh sch cng ty.
4.2.2. Nhng gii php khc:
4.2.2.1. Gii php ci thin thu nhp, nng cao i sng vt cht cho
ngi lao ng:
69
Vn ci thu nhp, nng cao i sng vt cht ca ngi lao ng l
vn mu thun li ch gia doanh nghip v ngi lao ng. pht huy
hiu qu ngun lc ngi lao ng b ra ng gp vo hot ng sn xut
kinh doanh ca doanh nghip cng nh ngi lao ng hi lng i vi
khong thu nhp m h nhn c, cn lu mt s ni dung sau:
Th nht, phi m bo hi ha li ch ca doanh nghip v ngi lao
ng; gi vng quan h ti u gia phn tch ly vi phn chia cho ng i lao
tha mn khc.
c nh chnh xc t
t
ng no th ngi lao ng phi t c mt thnh
ng t t chc ti sn xut sc lao ng v phn t chc chung ca c
doanh nghip; cng bng v minh bch; ng thi, s dng cc hnh thc tr
lng ph hp nht vi nhu cu cp thit, u tin tha mn ca tng loi
ngi lao ng. V thu nhp ca ngi lao ng ngha quan trng trong vic
ci thin s tha mn cng vic nn ngi s dng lao ng phi ht sc lu
, nht l khi gi tr tha mn ca thu nhp mc thp hn mc tha mn
cng vic v c v tr kh khim tn so vi cc nhn t
Th hai, phn phi tin lng phi da trn c s x
l tham gia ng gp ca tng n v, tng ngi thc s tham gia ng gp
vo vic p ng tha mn nhua cu ca i tc, khch hng, ngi tiu dng,
vo thnh qu lao ng chung. T l tham gia ng gp ca tng c nhn,
tng n v c xc nh trn c s tng hp kt qu nh gi cc mt sau
y: (1) Tham gia ng gp v mt s lng; (2) Tham gia ng gp v m
tun th cc quy nh v cht lng; (3) Tham gia ng gp v mt tun th
tin ; (4) Trnh chuyn mn, nghip v c o to; (5) Thm nin
cng tc v cng vic.
Th ba, cn c ch khen thng hp l. Mc ch ca thng l
nhm tr thu nhp cho ngi lao ng khuyn khch h lm vic tt hn.
c c mt phn th
tch nht nh trong cng vic, chng hn t c doanh thu trong kinh
doanh hay t c nng sut trong sn xut. nhn vin c c s tha
mn i vi cc khon thng, doanh nghip phi xy dng cho mnh chnh
70
sch thng r rng v ton din ngay t ban u vi cc mc thng c th
cho tng thnh tch c th. n lc xt thng doanh nghip phi da v
nhng g ra m thng. Tuy nhin, doanh nghip cn phi trnh thng
trn lan bnh qun thng thy cc doanh nghip nh nc v n t c tc
dng to s tha mn hay ng vin ngi lao ng lm vic tt hn m c
xem nh l mt khon lng khc v khon thng ny khng ph thuc vo
hiu sut lm vic ca h.
Th t, tr cp i vi nhn vin vn phng thng ch yu bao gm
cc khon nh tr cp cm tra, tr cp i li (chi ph i li t nh n doanh
nghip v ngc li; chi ph gi xe; khon tr cp khc) v ph in thoi.
Ty thuc vo tnh hnh c th ca doanh nghip mnh m doanh nghip cn
phi s dng cc tr cp ny mt cch hp l v khon thu nhp ny khng
nhng mang li mt phn thu nhp cho ngi lao ng m cn gip h cm
hn
ng tc
yn dng ngi lao ng trong tng giai on, cn xc nh r cng tc o
p
vi c s o to xy dng v ci tin chng trnh o to theo xu hng
ngn hn v di hn, m bo o to ng ngi, tuyn dng ng cng vic
cho ngi lao ng.
Hai l, y mnh kim tra cht lng o to c chn lc hc vin cho
doanh nghip t giai on o to n giai on sau o to. Tuy nhin, nhiu
c s o to hin ti ch p ng mt phn giai on kt thc o to, vn
n c s quan tm ca doanh nghip i vi h.
4.2.2.2. Gii php o to nhn lc cho doanh nghip:
Nhm trang b nhng kin thc cn thit, k nng lm vic v chuyn
mn ca ngi lao ng cho ph hp v xc thc trc khi tuyn dng trong
cng vic c th ti doanh nghip. C quan qun l phi hp thc hin ng
b cc c s o to v cc doanh nghip trong vic xy dng chng trnh
o to, k hoch o to v tuyn dng trn c s mt s ni dung sau y:
Mt l, gn kt mc tiu chin lc pht trin doanh nghip v c
tu
to chuyn mn v chun mc tuyn dng ngi lao ng, khi phi h
71
cha c kim tra nh gi cho giai on sau o to. Do vy, cn c s phi
hp cht ch, cam kt gia c s o to v doanh nghip trong vic nh gi
im t
ng lp tuyn sinh v o to
theo quy m di tiu chun cht lng nhm tit kim chi ph, o to ngnh
ngh mt cch t pht theo th trng, hoc nhng mc ch khc). Khi tuyn
dng ngi lao ng, Ban gim c thng o to li ti doanh nghip trc
khi ngi lao ng bt u lm vic. Do vy, vn ny cn c quan tm
hn, trong vic h tr ngn sch i vi gii php ny l cn thit.
t c s lng mu nh vy. Do , rt cn c cc nghin cu
k ra sau o to cn lu mt s ni dung sau: (1) Nhng thay i ca
c nhn trong qu trnh thc hin cng vic sau khi o to; (2) Phn hi t
cc n v o to v hc vin sau khi kt thc o to; (3) Cc bng chng
cho thy mc tip nhn v thu thp c ca hc vin bao gm vic gia
tng s hiu bit v kin thc, thi lm vic c ci thin v kt qu lm
vic c nng cao; (4) Cc tiu ch khc nh mc chuyn nghip ca
ging vin trong cc bi hun luyn, chi ph t chc chng trnh o to; (5)
Phng php s dng nh gi nh phng vn, bng kim tra, cu hi
thm d v cc kt qu kho st, phng vn ng nghip v cc nh qun l
trc v sau khi o to ghi nhn s tin b ca nhn vin tham d; (6)
Kt qu nh gi s c bo co cho Ban gim c doanh nghip.
Ba l, h tr ngn sch gio dc i vi chnh sch o to cho doanh
nghip. Hin ti, mt s c s o to ngoi c
theo nhng mc ch khc nhau (chng hn nh o to v li nhun, o to

4.3. GII HN CA TI V GI NGHIN CU TIP THEO
Nghin cu v s hi lng ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh nghip
trn a bn tnh Bn Tre, vi s lng mu khong 431 l tng i ph hp.
Tuy nhin do nhng gii hn v ngun ti lc v nhn lc nn nghin cu ny
ch c th
72
vi s lng mu ln hn cho ti ny v kch thc mu cng ln th
chnh xc ca nghin cu cng ca
ti nghin cu tp trung vo c hi lng ca ngi lao
ng l mt khi nim x hi vi phm vi rng v a dng. V vy, vi
c th ha nhng thang o v s hi lng ca ngi lao ng i vi
doanh nghip ti a bn nghin cu. Tuy nhin, kt qu nghin cu cng
phn nh ph hp mt s kha cnh vi mc gii thch R
2
= 0,5987 trong
hnh nh gi s hi lng chung ca ngi lao ng i vi doanh nghip
n a bn tnh Bn Tre. V vy vn cn nhng yu t khc cn phi tip tc
khm ph a vo cc nghin cu tip theo.
Nh cp phn t vn , mc tiu ca nghin cu ny l
nhng nh hng ca cc nhn t n tha mn ca ngi lao ng, thy
c vn iu kin lm vic, chnh sch, phc li ca doanh nghip, gip
ngi lao ng lm vic hiu qu v gn b lu di vi cng vic hin ti
trong doanh nghip. T , c th m rng m hnh nghin cu s hi lng
vi i tng ngi lao ng theo ngnh ngh hoc ngi lao ng cht
lng cao hoc nghin cu trn a bn khc hoc nghin cu s hi lng t
pha ngi s dng lao ng i vi ngi lao ng c c s hi lng
hi ha t hai pha lao ng v s dng lao ng. Nhng nghin cu tip theo
cn tip tc tm ti, khm ph v pht trin nhng thang o lng mi ph
hp hn na cho vn nghin cu ny c nhng chnh sch c th v bao
qut hn.

o.
nh gi m
c xy
dng m hnh nghin cu v thang o c tc gi ng dng trong ti
nghin cu xut pht t nhng nghin cu trc y nc ngoi v nhng
nghin cu trong nc trong thi gian gn y. Do , c s khc bit v thi
gian v khng gian nghin cu, ng thi c rt t ngun ti liu tham kho v
lnh vc nghin cu cho nn tc gi gp nhiu kh khn trong vic vn dng
v
m
tr
73

PH LC

Trang
o v bng cu hi kho st......................................................... 74
Ph lc 2: Thng k m t ....................................................................................... 78
Ph lc 3: Kim nh ............................... ............... 85
Ph lc 4: Phn .................................................. ................... 91
Ph lc 5: Phn v hi quy ............................................................ 99
Ph lc 6: Kim s.......................................................................... 103



Ph lc 1: Thang
tin cy thang o...... ............
t nhn t EFA...... ....
tch tng quan
nh phi tham

73

PH L C 1
THANG O V BNG CU HI KHO ST

A1.1. Thang o
Thang o Likert 05 mc

Mc thang Likert im
1. Rt khng ng y 1
2. Khng ng 2
3. Khng chc 3
4. ng 4
5. Rt ng 5

Cc loi thang o c s dng trong bng cu hi
Nhm nhn t Bin Thang o
c im c nhn
Gii tnh nh danh
Nhm tui Th bc
Trnh hc vn Th bc
C quan cng tc nh danh
Cng vic ang lm nh danh
Thi gian lm vic Th bc
Tng thu nhp trung bnh / thng Th bc
Cc khon chi tiu theo % thu nhp Th bc
Thng tin phn
loi
ngi lao ng
Hot ng ngoi gi nh danh
Thang o nhn t
Tnh cht cng vic (TCCV)
Tin lng v phc li (TLPL)
nh gi hiu qu cng vic (HQCV)
o to pht trin (DTPT)
S t ch trong cng vic (TUCHU)
Tnh n nh trong cng vic (ONCV)
Chnh sch v quy trnh lm vic (CSQT)
Phng tin lm vic v ATL (PTLV)
Trao i thng tin (TDTT)
nh gi s hi
lng ca ngi
lao ng i vi
doanh nghip
theo thang o
lng
Quan h ni lm vic (QHLV)
Likert 5 mc
Thng tin chung
iu kin lm vic, chnh sch, phc li (CHUNG
1
)
Gn b lu di vi cng vic (CHUNG
2
)
Tiu ch nh
gi chung s hi
lng Cng ty ni ti ang lm rt l tng (CHUNG
3
)
Likert 5 mc
Thng tin khc
Cng ty cn ci thin yu t g?
Mong mun trong tng lai?
Th bc
Vn ci thin
cng ty, mong
mun v kh
khn
Kh khn trong qu trnh lm vic, sinh sng? nh danh

74
A1.2. Bng cu hi kho st
08h Inh 8an Tra 6huong Irnh nghIan ru u. Van da rhuyan d}rh Iur Iuong Iao dong,
8o kh6h Inh 8an Tra ro rau dan ru, nguon nhan Iur rua Inh 8an Ira. Thur Irang & gIaI phap

FhIE0 Th0 ThkF Th0h TIh
a nh Ia 8u haI Long 6u a hguoI Lao ong
BuJ c su do ng y cu a uBh0 tinh Be n Tre theo 0uyet dinh so 8O1/0BuBh0 nga y 12/O2/2OOO ve vie c trie n khai thuc
hie n de ta i nghie n cu u khoa ho c va hat trie n co ng nghe, ho trJ dia huJng trong vie c nghie n cu u hoa ch dinh chinh sa ch tao
do ng lu c la m vie c giu ich cho cac doanh nghie va nguJ i lao do ng, chu ng toi ra t mong nha n duJ c hJ ta c cu a quy anh/chi.
Tra n tro ng!

Fhan 1. Th0h TIh 6k hhk h
1. Io I Inh: 1:ham; 2:hu
Z. hho m IuoI: 0uJi 1O; 2O 2O; 8O 8O; 4O 4O; Tren 5O;
8. Trnh do ho r va n. LJ ______/12; Trung ca ; Cao da ng; Bai ho c; Tre n da i hoc;
4. 6o quan ro ng Ia r: ..............................................................................................................................................
6. 6o ng vIa r dang Ia m...........................................................................................................................................
6. Tho I gIan Iam vIa r IaI doanh nghIa p Inh da n nay duor.
0uJi 1 na m; Tu 18 nam; Tu 85 nam; Tu 57 na m; Tu 7O nam; Tre n 1O nam;
7. To ng Ihu nha p Irung bnh moI Iha ng (trie u do ng):
0uJi 1tr; Tu 1,O 2,Otr; 2,1 8,Otr; 8,1 4,Otr; 4,1 5,Otr; Tre n 5tr;
8. 6o ra u rhI IIa u. Anh chi vui lo ng cho biet viec chi tie u va o cac khoa n sau rhIa m bao nhIa u % Ihu nha p ha ng Ihang.
Ca c khoa n chi tie u 51O% 1O2O% 2O8O% 8O4O% 4O5O% >5O%
Be da nh, tiet kie m
Chi tieu a n, uo ng
Tie n thue nha /ho ng tro , die n, nuJ c
Chi tieu nhu ye u ham ca nha n trong tha ng
Chi hi kham va cham so c su c kho e
Chi hi di la i, va n chuye n (xa ng xe, ve ta u xe)
Chi hi cho tho ng tin (die n thoai, ba o chi, internet)
Chi hi mua sam qua n a o, gia y de
Chi hi cho nhu ca u ho c ta
Chi hi cho gia i tri (ca nha c, va n nghe ,)
Chi hi giao te , bie u, hi (sinh nhat, da m cuJi)


































































9. hoa I do ng ngoa I gIo. hgoa i thJi gian la m vie c, anh chi thuJ ng tham gia vao nhu ng hoa t do ng na o sau da y (co the cho n
nhieu mu c):
Xem tivi, do c sach bao;
ChJi the thao;
Tham gia ca c cau la c bo; giao luu;
Tha m nguJi tha n;
Bi a n uo ng, nha u cu ng ba n be ;
Mua sam;
Tham gia ca c hoat do ng va n ho a;
Rat it tham gia sinh hoa t ngoai giJ;
0 nJi lam vie c va sinh so ng rat
it dia die m vui chJi, giai tri;
0anh han lJ n thJi gian J nha ;
hoa t do ng khac;

Fhan Z. h0I 0h khk0 8kT M06 0 hkI L0h 60 k h00I Lk0 0h
hhu ng ra u sau da y IIa n quan da n su ha I Io ng ru a knhlrh} doI vo I ra r ya u Io Ia o do ng Iur Ia m vIar ru ng nhu moI Iruo ng
doanh nghIa p ma knhlrh} dang Iam vIa r. ha y khoanh Iro n ron so Ihrh ho p Iha hIa n mu r do do ng y hay kho ng do ng y
do I vo I moI ra u Ihao Ihang do nhu sau.
Thang do mu r do do ng y
1. aI khong do ng y
2. Kho ng do ng y
8. Fha n va n, kho ng co y kie n
4. Bo ng y
5. aI do ng y (phaI bIa u hoa n Ioa n du ng)


I. Tnh rhaI ro ng vIa r (T66V) Mu c do do ng y
1. Co ng vie c cho he toi ha t huy na ng lu c ca nha n. 1 2 8 4 5
2. Co ng vie c hie n tai cu a toi ra t nham cha n. 1 2 8 4 5
8. Co ng vie c cu a toi co nhieu tha ch thu c. 1 2 8 4 5
4. Co ng vie c cu a toi kho ng do i ho i co nhie u ky na ng. 1 2 8 4 5
5. Co ng vie c cu a toi do i hoi su sa ng ta o. 1 2 8 4 5
G. Co ng vie c cu a toi mang tinh dJn gia n. 1 2 8 4 5
7. Khoi luJ ng co ng vie c cu a toi la vu a ha i, cha nha n duJ c. 1 2 8 4 5
8. Co ng vie c hie n tai khie n to i cam tha y be ta c, kho ng hat trie n duJ c kha na ng cu a ba n tha n. 1 2 8 4 5
O. Co ng vie c hie n nay tra i vJi nghe nghie va chuye n mo n cu a toi. 1 2 8 4 5


75
II. TIan Iuong va phu r Io I (TLFL) Mu c do do ng y
1. Tien luJng cu a toi tuJng xu ng vJi tinh cha t co ng viec dang lam va suc lu c bo ra. 1 2 8 4 5
2. Toi duJc tra luJng hu hJ vJ i ket qua cong vie c. 1 2 8 4 5
8. Toi nha n duJc huc lJi tot ngoai tien luJng (vi du bao hiem, chi hi di lai, an uong, di du lich
ha ng na m).
1 2 8 4 5
4. Tien luJng dam ba o cuoc song cua ban tha n va gia dinh toi. 1 2 8 4 5
5. Toi duJc nha n tien thuJng khi hoan thanh tot co 1 2 8 4 5 ng viec.
G. Toi duJc danh gia ta ng luJng hang na 1 2 8 4 5 m.
7. hgoai tie n luJng Anh/chi co n nha n duJc nhung huc lJi nao duJi day tu co ng ty:
TrJ ca nha J ; tien thue nha;
TrJ ca tie n tau xe, tien xang;
BuJc kiem tra suc kho e dinh ky;
BuJc cung ca bu a an giu a ca;
hghi he co luJng;
Tien tau xe di he nam;
hghi benh co luJng
TrJ ca che do thai sa n;
Bong BhXh, BhYT, Bh tha t nghie day du ;
Co che do bao hiem tai nan 24/24;
BuJc tra luJng ngoai giJ theo quy dinh;
ho trJ chi hi ho c ta ;

III. a nh gIa hIau qua rong vIa r (h6V) Mu c do do ng y
1. Toi duJc co ng ty da nh gia va ghi nhan day du tha n ie c. 1 2 8 4 5 h tich trong co ng v
2. Toi duJc co ng ty khen ngJi khi hoan thanh tot cong 1 2 8 4 5 viec.
8. FhuJng thuc danh gia hieu qua cong vie c J co ng ty toi la hJ ly . 8 4 5 1 2
4. Toi luon hieu ke t qua cong viec m ong 8 4 5 ro a ca tren m dJi. 1 2
5. hhung vie c to J c gh an c o s g 8 4 5 i la m du i nh o dong go va u tha nh co n cu a co ng ty. 1 2
G. Toi hieu ro ca ie n mat nao de e nang ca ua cong vie 8 4 5 n cai th nhung co th o hieu q c. 1 2


IV. a o Iao va phaI IrIa nl Iha ng IIan o do ng y 6o ho I (TFT) Mu c d
1. Toi duJc tham gia cac kh n luye n can th e lam v qua. 1 2 8 4 5 o a hua iet d iec hie u
2. Toi duJc cung ca day du ta i lieu va chuJng trinh rien ky na ng lam viec. 1 2 8 4 5 huan luyen de hat t
8. Cong ty toi co ke hoach dao tao, ha t trien nghe n n ro ra ng. 1 2 8 4 5 ghie cho nhan vie
4. Toi biet ro nhung dieu kie n ca n co de hat trien trong cong viec. 8 4 5 1 2
5. Toi ra t la uan ve kha na ng ha t trie n cu ng 8 4 5 c q va thanh co ng a minh tro cong ty. 1 2
G. Cong ty t hu nhi ti rie 5 oi luon k ye n khich va tao e u cJ hoi thang en va ha t t n nha n vien. 1 2 8 4
Trong mot n /c nhieu g trinh da am, Anh hi duJc tham gia bao chuJn o tao: Khong co; Tu 1 2 khoa; Tren 8 kho a;


V. 8u Iu rhu Irong ro 06V) M o ng y ng vIa r (T06h u c do d
1. Toi duJc khuye n khi o cac quyet di en quan d g viec. 1 5 ch tham gia va nh li e n co n 2 8 4
2. Toi duJc khuye n khi sa ng kien, de at cai tie n viec. 1 5 ch dua ra nhu ng xu cong 2 8 4
8. Toi co du quye n ha n ong viec. 1 2 4 5 de thu c hien c 8
4. BuJc quyen chu do n chiu tra ch nhie m vJi g viec. 1 2 5 g va tu con 8 4

VI. Tnh on d}nh Irong rong vIar (0h6V) Mu c do do ng y
1. Ba so nha n vien trong co ng ty toi duJc ky ke c dinh thJ i han. 1 2 8 4 5 t hJ dong lao dong khong xa
2. Toi duJc dam ba o co viec lam thuJng xuye n 1 2 8 4 5 .
8. Toi it khi hai lo la ng bi ma t viec lam. 5 1 2 8 4
4. Cong ty hoat do ng rat on dinh va kin u q 8 4 5 toi h doanh co hie ua. 1 2

VII. 6hnh q T) Mu ng y sarh va uy Irnh Iam vIar (68 c do do
1. Cong ty toi co chin ky luat cong bang hat qua n. 1 2 4 5 h sach xu ly va n 8
2. Toi duJc giJi thieu a dinh huJ ng cong ro ra ng tr gay la m viec d n. 1 2 4 5 , huJng da n v vie c ong n a u tie 8
8. Toi biet cach xu ly uong khan ca tai nJi viec khi o xa y ra. 1 4 5 cac tinh h lam co su c 2 8
4. Cac chinh sach de ng tien, danh gia cong rong co i luo n minh ng
khai va ro rang.
1 2 8 4 5
bat, tha viec t ng ty to bach, co

VIII. Fhuong IIan Iam vIar va kn Ioan Iao dong Mu c do do ng y (FTLV)
1. hJi toi lam viec duJc dam bao theo cac nguye n ta c an toan. 1 2 8 4 5
2. Mo i truJng lam viec sach se, kho ng doc hai. 1 2 8 4 5
8. Toi du i va cong cu ca 8 Jc cung ca day du trang thiet b n thiet cho cong viec. 1 2 4 5
4. Toi du ao ho lao do ng J nJi lam . 8 4 Jc trang bi day du huJng tie n b viec 1 2 5
5. Toi du toan khi bat dau l viec trong c ty. 1 2 8 4 Jc huJ ng dan day du ve su c khoe va an am ong 5
G. Toi du an lao do ng dinh ky ha ng nam 1 2 8 4 Jc tham gia huan luyen an to . 5
7. Ban la ai thien mo i truJng va huJng tien vie c cho c nhan vie n 1 2 8 4 nh da o luon quan tam c lam ong 5

IX. Trao do do ng y doI Ihong IIn (TTT) Mu c
1. Toi co de hoa n thanh to t con e c. 1 2 8 4 day du thong tin du ng va can thiet g vi 5
2. Toi th n vJi ca tr 1 2 8 4 uJng xuye n co cac buoi ho nhom/to/hong ba en. 5
8. Ca t ve nhung th oi lien qua cong ty. 1 2 8 4 ren cu a toi luo n tho ng bao va cung ca cho to i ay d n den 5
4. Ca t Jc khi ra quyet h. 1 2 8 4 ren cu a toi co tham khao y kien ca duJi tru din 5
5. Toi hi thac mac ve cong viec. 1 2 8 4 eu ro nen lam gi va ga ai neu co 5









76
X. uan ha noI Iam vIar (hLV) Mu c do do ng y
1. La nh nhan vien la mot thanh vie n quan trong cua con 8 4 5 dao xem g ty. 1 2
2. hhan vie n trong cong ty luo n duJ c to n trong va tin tuJng. 1 2 8 4 5
8. Ca tren luo n bao ve quyen lJi cho nha n vi 1 2 8 4 5 en.
4. hhan vie n duJc ca tre n ho trJ chuyen mo 1 2 8 4 5 n trong co ng viec.
5. hhan vie n thuJ ng xuye n duJc ca tre n huJng dan trong co ng viec. 8 4 5 1 2
G. Ca tren t uc tie hieu duJc, quan tam n v t a n 8 4 5 r va giu dJ nha ien giai quye cac va n de kho kh . 1 2
7. Khong khi ec l va 4 5 lam vi uon than thien cJi mJ. 1 2 8
8. Co su ca la c dong nghi i nhau. 1 4 5 nh tranh nh ma nh giua ca e vJ 2 8

XI. Mu r do haI Iong r M o ng y hung (8kT) u c do d
1. hhin chung, toi ca m ie n la m vie c, chin ch, huc o ng ty toi la r 1 4 5 thay dieu k h sa lJi J c at tot. 2 8
2. Toi muon ga n bo la viec hie n tai va co ng ty. 1 4 5 u dai vJi cong vJi 2 8
8. Theo suy nghi rie ng ng ty nJi toi lam viec ly tuJng. 1 4 5 , toi cam tha y co dang la rat 2 8

knhlrh} vuI Iong bIaI Iha ng Ihong I

(a) knhlrh} vuI Iong rho bIa I au Io sau day ma knhlrh} rho Ia
ran pha I ra I IhIan o ro ng Iy
hay rhon ra 8 yau Io va da nh so Iu 1 da n 8
rho m nhu In sau.
mu r do quan Ia m Ihao Ihu Iu uu IIan doI voI ra r y
ru a mnh.
, theo thu tu: (1) quan trong nhat; (2) quan 8) quan tro ng
thu 8;

Bie u kien lao am viec.
ThJi gian la m
Chinh sach, n ve lao don
BJi song vat c n vien.
BJi song van cong nhan v
Chinh sach ti g, huc lJi kha
Cac moi quan am viec.

FhuJng ha va cach thuc da nh gia hieu qua co ng viec.



(b) knhlrh} vu IaI mong muo n rua m I voI ya au d o mu
(1) quan trong nhat; (2) quan trong thu hai; (8) qu h qu th
Jc lam cong vie c hu hJ vJi ba hh J x c l
eu kie n c
J ng va o d oi h e x ca
vJi nhu ng dong n a th n, ro vi ma
g viec va cuo c s
n duJ c hoan thien, kha ng di ha Jc g. lu ng v c yeu t
eu kien cho di ho o c do e lam v c gan b
q Ia a ng ho u m
trong thu hai; (
do ng, moi truJ ng l
viec.


oi quy va quy dinh g.
hat cua cong nha
ua

ho a tinh tha n c
, thuJn
ien.
.

en luJng
he nJi l
c



Tua n thu cac quy dinh ha luat ve lao dong.
Chinh sach dao tao va hat trien nhan vie n.
I Iong rho b nh do
an tro ng t
nhung
u 8; (4)
u Io s
an trong
ay Iha
u 4;
r do uu IIa n.

_______ Mong du n than; an duJ c tien luJng va ta ng lu ng tuJng ung vJi su u c bo
ra va du ca i thien cuoc song; Cong ty co di
_______ Mong lam viec trong mo t mo i tru
lam vie
n hoa, c
thoang;
ca c hoat ong xa h de ba n t an co th ay du ng c moi
quan he xa hoi. BuJc lam vie c ghie, nh quan ly a n thie gan bo t ng cong ec, thoa n dJi
song tinh than giu can ba ng co n o ng
_______ Mong muo nh ban t n va du to n tro n Co the a chon co ie hich,
na ng cao, ha t huy toi da nang luc ba n than.
_______ Mong muo n duJ c tao di c ta , da tao nang ao trinh , tay ngh de duJ c ie o lau
da i vJi cong ty.

(r) knhlrh} gap pha I nhung kho khan g Irong ua Irnh m vIa r v sInh so (co the c n ie nh uc):
Bie u kien di lai tu nJi J den cong ty xa va kho khan;
Khong co nha J cho co ng nha n;
Chi hi sinh hoat cao, tien luJng khong du da u ng;
Khong co dieu kien ho c hanh, na ng cao trinh do ;
t co dia die m vui chJi giai tri ngoai giJ la m vie c;
Khong co dinh hu a t trien nghe nghie; Jng ro rang de h
Tien cong, tien luJng hien nay la qua tha;
hhung van de kha c (xin ghi ro):






p Iar knhl






6ha n Ihanh ram on su ho rua rh}
77

2
THNG K M T

A2.1. M t c im c nhn:
PH LC
Gii nh t
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
nam 152 35,3 35,3 35,3
nu 279 64,7 64,7 100,0
Valid
Total 431 100,0 100,0

Nhm tui
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
duoi 19 tuoi 3 ,7 ,7 ,7
20-29 tuoi 206 47,8 47,8 48,5
30-39 tuoi 134 31,1 31,1 79,6
40-49 tuoi 74 17,2 17,2 96,8
tren 50 tuoi 14 3,2 3,2 100,0
Valid
Total 431 100,0 100,0

Trnh hc vn
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
duoi trung cap 277 64,3 64,3 64,3
trung cap 70 16,2 16,2 80,5
cao dang 28 6,5 6,5 87,0
dai hoc 56 13,0 13,0 100,0
Valid
Total 431 100,0 100,0

Doanh nghip
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Cong ty May Alliance One
84 19,5 19,5 19,5
Cong ty CP Duoc Pham Ben Tre
20 4,6 4,6 24,1
Cong ty CP In Ben Tre
19 4,4 4,4 28,5
DNTN Khong Hiep
16 3,7 3,7 32,3
Cong ty CP Mia Duong Ben Tre
36 8,4 8,4 40,6
Co so Thach dua Minh Chau
19 4,4 4,4 45,0
Cong ty TNHH MTV Cong trinh Do thi
13 3,0 3,0 48,0
Cong ty TNHH MTV Cap thoat nuoc
20 4,6 4,6 52,7
Cong ty CP May Nam Long
32 7,4 7,4 60,1
DNTN Ep dau Luong Quoi
9 2,1 2,1 62,2
Cong ty CP XNK Thuy san Ben Tre
92 21,3 21,3 83,5
Cong ty CP May Viet Hong
71 16,5 16,5 100,0
Total
431 100,0 100,0
78

Thi gian lm vic
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
duoi 1 nam 28 6,5 6,5 6,5
1-3 nam 159 36,9 36,9 43,4
3-5 nam 42 9,7 9,7 53,1
5-7 nam 53 12,3 12,3 65,4
7-9 nam 45 10,4 10,4 75,9
tren 10 nam 104 24,1 24,1 100,0
Valid
Total 431 100,0 100,0

ung bnh m thn Thu nhp tr i g
Frequency Percent
Cumulative
Valid Percent Percent
duoi 1 trieu 3 ,7 ,7 ,7
1,0 - 2,0 trieu 228 52,9 52,9 53,6
2,1 - 3,0 trieu 150 34,8 34,8 88,4
3,1 - 4,0 trieu 35 8,1 8,1 96,5
4,1 - 5,0 trieu 5 1,2 1,2 97,7
tren 5 trieu 10 2,3 2,3 100,0
Valid
Total 431 100,0 100,0

C cu lao ng dnh cho khon chi tiu theo % thu nhp mi thng
bnh / thng % thu nhp trung
Chi tiu
20% 0%
40-
>50% Total
05- 10- 20- 30-
10% 3 40% 50%
16,44 ,9 0 dnh, tit kim 59,93 10 6 6,51 4,11 2,05 10
Ch 2,18 9,71 ,09 21,84 18,20 0 i tiu n ung 22 25,97 10
Ti 36,63 ,52 0,33 0,66 0 n thu nh/phng tr, in nc 45,87 14 1,98 10
N 19,39 15 0,61 0,61 0 hu cu yu phm c nhn 72,73 5, 1,52 10
Kh 18,39 90 0,38 0,38 0 m v chm sc sc khe 73,18 6, 0,77 10
33,88 ,30 0,82 0 i li, vn chuyn 50,55 12 2,46 10
Th 12,64 40 0,55 0 ng tin (bo ch, in thoi, internet) 81,32 4, 1,10 10
M 71,07 22,01 72 0,31 0 ua sm qun o, giy dp 4, 1,89 10
N 20,83 33 2,50 0 hu cu hc tp 65,00 8, 3,33 10
Gi 3 11,59 45 0 i tr (ca nhc, vn ngh) 86,2 1, 0,72 10
G 31 29,26 63 0,51 0,51 0 iao t, biu, h (sinh nht, m ci) 60, 7, 1,78 10

Tham gia hot ng ngoi gi
Ho t Percent of cases

t ng N Percen
Xem tivi, c sch bo 368 23,97 85,58
Ch 4 i th thao 61 3,97 14,19
T 4 2 3,256 ham gia cc cu lc b giao lu 1 0,91
T 0 4 55,81 hm ngi thn 24 15,6
2 2 35,35 i n ung, nhu cng bn b 15 9,90
M 7 8 43,49 ua sm 18 12,1
T 2 5 7,442 ham gia cc hot ng vn ha 3 2,08
R 4 5 7,907 t t tham gia sinh hot ngoi gi 3 2,21
khu vui chi, gii tr 7 8 20,23 ni lm vic v sinh sng t c 8 5,66
D 6 8 64,19 nh phn ln thi gian nh 27 17,9
H 4 2 19,53 ot ng khc 8 5,47
79
A nhn
Gii tnh v thu nhp trung bnh mi thng
2.2. Kt hp v so snh c im c
Count
0 68 59 17 4 4 152
3 160 91 18 1 6 279
3 228 150 35 5 10 431
nam
nu
T1
Total
duoi 1 trieu 1,0 - 2,0 trieu 2,1 - 3,0 trieu 3,1 - 4,0 trieu 4,1 - 5,0 trieu tren 5 trieu
T7
Total

Nhm tui v thu nhp trung bnh mi thng
Cou
1 2 0 0 0 0 3
1 142 55 8 0 0 206
1 58 56 12 1 6 134
0 23 32 12 3 4 74
0 3 7 3 1 0 14
3 228 150 35 5 10 431
duoi 19 tuoi
20-29 tuoi
30-39 tuoi
40-49 tuoi
tren 50 tuoi
T2
duoi 1 trieu 1,0 - 2,0 trieu 2,1 - 3,0 trieu 3,1 - 4,0 trieu 4,1 - 5,0 trieu tren 5 trieu
T7
Tota
Total
l

ng bnh mi thng Trnh hc vn v thu nhp tru
2 161 98 13 2 1 277
1 45 20 4 0 0 70
0 14 8 5 0 1 28
0 8 24 13 3 8 56
3 228 150 35 5 10 431
duoi trung cap
trung cap
cao dang
dai hoc
T3
Total
duoi 1 trieu 1,0 - 2,0 trieu 2,1 - 3,0 trieu 3,1 - 4,0 trieu 4,1 - 5,0 trieu To
T7
tren 5 trieu tal

Doanh nghip v thu nhp trung bnh mi thng
Count
1 60 18 3 0 2 84
0 11 6 3 0 0 20
0 5 9 3 1 1 19
0 2 10 2 0 2 16
0 29 6 1 0 0 36
0 10 9 0 0 0 19
0 2 9 2 0 0 13
0 1 9 9 1 0 20
2 26 4 0 0 0 32
0 6 3 0 0 0 9
0 28 52 6 1 5 92
0 48 15 6 2 0 71
3 228 150 35 5 10 431
Cong ty May Alliance One
Cong ty CP Duoc Pham
duoi 1 trieu 1,0 - 2,0 trieu 2,1 - 3,0 trieu 3, ieu tren 1 - 4,0 trieu 4,1 - 5,0 tr 5 trieu
T7
Total
Ben Tre
Cong ty CP In Ben Tre
DNTN Khong Hiep
Cong ty CP Mia Duong
Ben Tre
Co so Thach dua Minh
Chau
Cong ty TNHH MTV Cong
trinh Do thi
Cong ty TNHH MTV Cap
thoat nuoc
Cong ty CP May Nam
Long
DNTN Ep dau Luong
Quoi
Cong ty CP XNK Thuy san
Ben Tre
T4
Cong ty CP May Viet Hong
Total

thu nhp tru nh thng Thi gian lm vic v ng b mi
Cou t
3 22 3 0 0 0 28
0 126 29 2 0 2 159
0 20 20 2 0 0 42
0 17 27 7 0 2 53
0 15 21 6 2 1 45
0 28 50 18 3 5 104
3 228 150 35 5 10 431
duoi 1 nam
1-3 nam
3-5 nam
5-7 nam
7-9 nam
tren 10 nam
T6
Total
duoi 1 trieu 1,0 - 2,0 trieu 2,1 - 3,0 trieu 3,1 - 4,0 trieu 4,1 - 5,0 trieu tren 5 trieu
T7
Total

80
Nhm tui v trnh hc vn
3 0 0 0 3
148 29 12 17 206
73 24 10 27 134
46 13 4 11 74
7 4 2 1 14
277 70 28 56 431
duoi 19 tuoi
20-29 tuoi
30-39 tuoi
40-49 tuoi
tren 50 tuoi
T2
Total
duoi trung cap trung cap cao dang dai hoc
T3
Total

ian lm vic v trn h Thi g h c vn
20 4 2 2 28
107 29 11 12 159
25 9 3 5 42
39 6 2 6 53
26 6 2 11 45
60 16 8 20 104
277 70 28 56 431
duoi 1 nam
1-3 nam
3-5 nam
5-7 nam
7-9 nam
tren 10 nam
T6
Total
duoi trung cap trung cap cao dang dai hoc
T3
Total

Doanh nghip v trnh c h vn
53 18 8 5 84
3 11 0 6 20
7 5 3 4 19
12 0 0 4 16
13 13 5 5 36
18 1 0 0 19
7 3 1 2 13
6 5 1 8 20
19 8 3 2 32
4 3 1 1 9
70 2 3 17 92
65 1 3 2 71
277 70 28 56 431
Cong ty May Alliance One
Cong t
Ben Tre
y CP Duoc Pham
Cong ty CP In Ben Tre
DNTN Khong Hiep
Cong ty CP Mia Duong
Tre Ben
Co so Thach dua Minh
Chau
Cong ty TNHH MTV Cong
trinh Do thi
Cong ty TNHH MTV Cap
thoat nuoc
Cong ty CP May Nam
Long
DNTN Ep dau Luong
Quoi
Cong ty CP XNK Thuy san
Ben Tre
Cong ty CP May Viet Hong
T4
Total
duoi trung cap trung cap cao dang dai hoc
T3
Total





81

A2.3. M t nhn t quan tm

Yu t cn ci thin ti doanh nghip N Percent Percent of Cases
Quan trng nht trong 10 yu t
iu kin lao ng, mi trng lm vic 57 14,47 14,47
Thi gian lm vic 53 13,45 13,45
Chnh sch, ni quy v quy nh v lao ng 13 3,299 3,299
i sng vt cht ca cng nhn vin 49 12,44 12,44
i sng vn ha tinh thn ca cng nhn vin 9 2,284 2,284
Chnh sch tin lng, thng v phc li khc 181 45,94 45,94
Cc mi quan h ni lm vic 4 1,015 1,015
Tun th cc quy nh php lut v lao ng 6 1,523 1,523
Chnh sch o to v pht trin nhn vin 11 2,792 2,792
Phng php v cch thc nh gi HQCV 11 2,792 2,792


Quan trng th hai trong 10 yu t
i doanh nghip N Percent Percent of Cases Yu t cn ci thin t
iu kin lao ng, mi trng lm vic 64 16,24 16,24
T lm 74 18,78 18,78 hi gian vic
Chnh ni quy v quy nh v lao ng 21 5,33 5,33 sch,
i sng vt cht ca cng nhn vin 75 19,04 19,04
i sng vn ha tinh thn ca cng nhn vin 25 6,345 6,345
Chnh sch tin lng, thng v phc li khc 90 22,84 22,84
Cc mi quan 2,03 h ni lm vic 8 2,03
Tun th p o 84 2,284 cc quy nh hp lut v la ng 9 2,2
Chnh sc vi 18 9 4,569 h o to v pht trin nhn n 4,56
Phng php v cch thc n CV 10 8 2,538 h gi HQ 2,53


Quan th ba trong 10 nhn t
Yu t cn ci thin ti doanh nghip N Percent Percent of Cases
trng
iu kin lao ng, mi trng lm vic 71 18,07 18,07
Thi gian lm vic 40 10,18 10,18
Chnh sch, ni quy v quy nh v lao ng 28 7,125 7,125
i sng vt cht ca cng nhn vin 50 12,72 12,72
i sng vn ha tinh thn ca cng nhn vin 32 8,142 8,142
Chnh sch tin lng, thng v phc li khc 53 13,49 13,49
Cc mi quan h ni lm vic 20 5,089 5,089
Tun th cc quy nh php lut v lao ng 29 7,379 7,379
Chnh sch o to v pht trin nhn vin 45 11,45 11,45
Phng php v cch thc nh gi HQCV 25 6,361 6,361

82

A2.4. M t n ng
n vng
u
nht
uan
trng
2
Quan
trng
3
Quan
trng
4
Cng
guyn v

C cu lao ng theo mc quan trng v nguy
Ng yn vng
Quan
trng
Q

Nguyn vng nhm 1: Mong cng vic
i bn thn; c ti g v tng l
ng vi s ra v thin cuc ;
c iu ki vic thong
77,42 ,37 6,452 3,763 100
c lm ph
hp v Nhn n ln ng
tng x c lc b ci sng
Cng ty n lm
12
Nguyn vng nhm 2: Mong lm vic trong mt mi
ng vn ha, c cc hot ng x hi bn thn c
xy dng cc mi quan h x hi. c lm vic vi
25 27,96 100
tr
th
nhng ng nghip, nh qun l thn thin, gn b
trong cng vic, tha mn i sng tinh thn gip cn
9,946 37,1
bng cng vic v cuc sng
Nguyn vng nhm 3: Mong mun c hon thin,
khng nh bn thn v c tn trng. C th la chn
cng vic yu thch, nng cao, pht huy ti a nng lc
bn thn
6,452 23,66 47,85 22,04 100
Nguyn vng nhm 4: Mong mun c to iu kin
cho i hc tp, o to nng cao trnh
c lm vic gn b lu di v
, tay ngh
i cng ty
6,183 26,88 20,7 46,24 100
Cng 100 100 100 100

A2.5. M t vn kh k

Vn khn c gi lao g
khn N ent Percent of Cases

hn
kh a n n
Kh Perc
iu kin i li t n cng ty xa v kh kh 121 ,15 33,52 ni n 11
Khng c nh cho cng nhn 149 ,73 41,27 13
Chi ph sinh hot n lng khng p 260 ,96 72,02 cao, ti ng 23
Khng c iu kin hc hnh, nng cao trnh 156 14,38 43,21
t c a im gii tr ngoi gi lm vic 145 13,36 40,17
Khng c nh hng r rng pht trin ngh
nghip 54 4,977 14,96
Tin cng, tin lng hin nay qu thp 200 18,43 55,4





83

A2.6. M t c c li v o to
ty
h nt Percent of Cases
h ph

Ngi lao ng c nhn phc li t cng
P c li N Perce
Tr cp n u 1 ,619 4,098 h , tin th nh 5 0
Tr cp tin tu n xng 20 6 5,464 xe, ti 0,82
c kim tra s nh k 316 5 86,34 c khe 13,0
c cung cp b gia ca 312 8 85,25 a n 12,8
Ngh php c l 293 ,1 80,05 ng 12
Tin tu xe i ph 2 2,459 p nm 9 0,37
Ngh bnh c l 280 6 76,5 ng 11,5
Tr cp ch thai sn 247 10,2 67,49
ng BHXH, BHYT, BH tht nghip y 336 13,87 91,8
C ch bo him tai nn 24/24 269 11,11 73,5
c tr lng ngoi gi theo quy nh 282 11,64 77,05
H tr chi ph hc tp 43 1,775 11,75


Ngi lao ng c tham gia chng trnh o to
Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent Percent
1 119 31,99 90,84 90,84 -2 khoa
tren 3 khoa 12 3,226 9,16 100
Total 131 35,22 100



84

PH LC 3
KIM NH TIN CY THANG O

A3.1. Tha t c TCC
Thang o nhn t tnh cng vi CCV): g bin quan st. Kt qu
1
V
7

h hn 0,3 cho nn cn loi b 02 bin khng ph hp ny ra khi thang o nhn
ong thang o
ng o nhn tnh cht ng vic ( V)
cht c (T m 9
kim nh cho thy h s tng quan vi bin tng ca 02 bin gc TCCV , TCC
n
t TCCV. Tip tc kim nh cho thy nu loi b i bin TCCV
6
tr
nhn t TCCV th h s Cronbachs Alpha tng ln. Do h s Cronbachs Alpha
tt nht = 0,759 vi s lng bin gc ph hp k = 6 trong thang o nhn t
TCCV.
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha N of Items
,759 6


Item-Total Statistics

Scale Mean if
Item Deleted
Scale
Variance if
Item Deleted
Corrected
Item-Total
Correlation
Cronbach's
Alpha if Item
Deleted
TCCV2
13,12 17,573 ,528 ,718
TCCV3
12,24 16,882 ,478 ,730
TCCV4
12,23 17,229 ,437 ,741
TCCV5
11,98 16,753 ,484 ,728
TCCV8
13,01 16,618 ,610 ,696
TCCV9
12,99 17,091 ,483 ,728


o n t tin g v ph i (TLPL
Thang o nhn t tin lng v phc li (TLPL): gm 6 bin quan st. Kt
hang o nhn t TLPL th
A3.2. Thang hn ln c l )

qu kim nh cho thy nu loi b i bin TLPL
6
trong t
h s Cronbachs Alpha tng ln. Do h s Cronbachs Alpha tt nht = 0,805
vi s lng bin gc ph hp k = 5 trong thang o nhn t TLPL.


85
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha N of Items
,805 5

Item-Total Statistics

Scale Mean if
Item Deleted
Scale
Variance if
Item Deleted
Corrected
Item-Total
Correlation
Cronbach's
Alpha if Item
Deleted
TLPL1
12,23 16,183 ,577 ,771
TLPL2
12,17 15,777 ,633 ,755
TLPL3
12,23 15,469 ,569 ,775
TLPL4
12,72 16,001 ,606 ,763
TLPL5
12,32 15,416 ,572 ,774

3.3. Thang o nhn t nh gi hiu qu cng vic (HQCV)
c (HQCV): gm 6 bin quan

A
Thang o nhn t nh gi hiu qu cng vi
st. Kt qu kim nh cho thy nu loi b i bt k bin no trong thang o nhn
t HQCV th h s Cronbachs Alpha u gim. Do h s Cronbachs Alpha tt
nht = 0,863 vi s lng bin gc ph hp k = 6 trong thang o nhn t HQCV.
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha N of Items
,863 6

Item-Total Statistics

Scale Mean if
Item Deleted
Scale
Variance if
Item Deleted
Corrected
Item-Total
Correlation
Cronbach's
Alpha if Item
Deleted
HQCV1
16,90 20,492 ,591 ,851
HQCV2
16,97 19,903 ,631 ,844
HQCV3
16,96 20,487 ,651 ,841
HQCV4
16,77 19,617 ,679 ,835
HQCV5
16,81 18,790 ,774 ,817
HQCV6
16,69 20,475 ,613 ,847


A3.4. Thang o nhn t o to pht trin, c hi thng tin (DTPT)
nhn t DTPT.
Thang o nhn t o to pht trin, c hi thng tin (DTPT): gm 6 bin
quan st. Kt qu kim nh cho thy nu loi b i bt k bin no trong thang o
nhn t DTPT th h s Cronbachs Alpha u gim. Do h s Cronbachs Alpha
tt nht = 0,819 vi s lng bin gc ph hp k = 6 trong thang o

86
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha N of Items
,819 6

Item-Total Statistics

Scale Mean if
Item Deleted
Scale
Variance if
Item Deleted
Corrected
Item-Total
Correlation
Cronbach's
Alpha if Item
Deleted
DTPT1
15,87 19,713 ,599 ,788
DTPT2
15,91 19,499 ,625 ,782
DTPT3
15,79 19,820 ,673 ,771
DTPT4
15,59 21,964 ,534 ,801
DTPT5
15,69 21,578 ,520 ,804
DTPT6
15,60 21,198 ,557 ,796

3.5. Thang o nhn t s t ch trong cng vic (TUCHU)
bin quan st.

A
Thang o nhn t s t ch trong cng vic (TUCHU): gm 4
Kt qu kim nh cho thy nu loi b i bt k bin no trong thang o nhn t
TUCHU th h s Cronbachs Alpha u gim. Do h s Cronbachs Alpha tt
nht = 0,787 vi s lng bin gc ph hp k = 4 trong thang o nhn t TUCHU.
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha N of Items
,787 4

Item-Total Statistics

Scale Mean if
Scale Corrected Cronbach's
Variance if
I Item Deleted tem Deleted
Item-Total
Correlation
Alpha if Item
Deleted
TUCHU1
9,87 7,873 ,605 ,728
TUCHU2
9,98 7,883 ,541 ,763
TUCHU3
9,87 7,549 ,657 ,701
TUCHU4
9,56 8,498 ,580 ,742


A3.6. Thang o nhn t tnh n nh trong cng vic (ONCV)
Thang o nhn t tnh n nh trong cng vic (ONCV): gm 4 bin quan
st. Kt qu kim nh cho thy nu loi b i bin ONCV
4
, ONCV
1
trong thang o
nhn t ONCV th h s Cronbachs Alpha tng ln. Do h s Cronbachs Alpha
tt nht = 0,796 vi s lng bin gc ph hp k = 2 trong thang o nhn t
ONCV.

87

Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha N of Items
,796 2

Item-Total Statistics
Scale Mean if
Scale
Variance if
Corrected
Item-Total
Cronbach's
Alpha if Item
Item Deleted Correlation Item Deleted Deleted
ONCV2
3,48 1,553 ,665 .(a)
ONCV3
3,77 1,266 ,665 .(a)
a verag The value is negative due to a negative a
ssumptions. You may want to check item codi
e covariance among items. This violates reliability model
a ngs.


A ang o nh t chnh sch v quy trnh lm vic (CSQT)
Thang o nhn t chnh sch quy trnh lm vic (CSQT): gm 4 bin quan
nh cho thy h s tng quan vi bin tng ca bin gc
CSQT hn n lo p o
nhn t CSQ kim nh t lo i k o ng
thang o nh C th nba Alp u . h
Cronbachs Alpha t t 46 g b c ph h 3
thang o nh SQ
Reliability
3.7. Th n

st. Kt qu kim
4
nh 0,3 cho nn c i b bin khng ph h ny ra khi thang
T. Tip tc cho hy nu i b bt bin n tro
n t SQT h s Cro chs ha gim Do s
t nh = 0,7 vi s ln in g p k = trong
n t C T.
Statistics
Cro ch's nba
Alpha N of Items
,746 3

Item-Tot stics al Stati

Sca n if le Mea
Item Deleted
Scale
Variance if
Item Deleted
Corrected
Item-Total
Correlation
Cronbach's
Alpha if Item
Deleted
CSQT1
7,32 3,632 ,504 ,737
CSQT2
7,20 2,928 ,642 ,575
CSQT3
7,35 3,289 ,577 ,657


A3.8 hang h h in lm vic (PTLV)
Thang h h n lm vic (PTLV): gm 7 bin quan st. Kt
qu n th u l i bin PTLV
6
trong thang o nhn t TLV th
h s ronba l ng ln. Do h s Cronbachs Alpha t nht = 0,852
ng thang o nhn t PTLV.
. T o n n t p ng t
o n n t p ng ti
kim h cho y n oi b P
C chs A pha t t
vi s lng bin gc ph hp k = 6 tro
88
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha N of Items
,852 6

Item-Total Statistics
Scale Mean if
Item Deleted
Scale
Variance if
Item Deleted
Corrected
Item-Total
Correlation
Cronbach's
Alpha if Item
Deleted
PTLV1
18,72 16,970 ,693 ,819
PTLV2
19,06 16,705 ,597 ,836
PTLV3
18,71 17,368 ,684 ,821
PTLV4
18,75 16,234 ,623 ,832
PTLV5
18,87 16,163 ,724 ,811
PTLV7
18,87 17,812 ,532 ,847


A hang o nhn t i thng tin (TDTT)
Thang o nhn t trao i thng tin (TDTT): gm 5 bi n quan st. Kt qu
k y n i bt k bin no trong thang o nhn t TDTT th h
s bachs Alpha u gim. D h s Cronbachs Alpha t nh = 0,831 vi
s g bin gc ph hp k = 5 trong thang o nhn t TDTT.
Reliability Statistics
3.9. T trao

im nh cho th u loi b
Cron o t t
ln
Cronbach's
Alpha N of Items
,831 5

Item-Total Statistics
Scale Mean if
Item Deleted
Scale
Variance if
Item Deleted
Corrected
Item-Total
Correlation
Cronbach's
A

lpha if Item
Deleted
TDTT1
13,87 12,423 ,524 ,825
TDTT2
14,26 10,558 ,630 ,799
TDTT3
14,03 10,713 ,687 ,781
TDTT4
14,28 10,365 ,694 ,779
TDTT5
13,80 11,410 ,621 ,800


A Thang o nhn t quan h ni lm vic (QHLV)
Thang o nhn quan h ni lm vic (QHLV): gm 8 bin quan st. Kt qu
c QHLV
7
trong thang o nhn t QHLV th
s Cronbachs Alpha tt nht = 0,932
i s lng bin gc ph hp k = 7 trong thang o nhn t QHLV.
3.10.
t
k y n loi b i bin g im nh cho th u
h s Cronbachs Alpha tng ln. Do h
v

89
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha N of Items
,932 7

Ite tal tic m-To Statis s

Scale Mean if
Item Deleted
Scal Corrected
It tal
Cro 's e
V ce i
nbach
Alpha if Ite arian f em-To m
D It lete em De d C ion orrelat eleted
QHLV1
21,14 30,195 ,779 ,922
QHLV2
21,10 29,477 ,830 ,917
QHLV3
21,11 29,514 ,790 ,920
QHLV4
21,04 29,124 ,864 ,913
QHLV5
21,08 29,901 ,784 ,921
QHLV6
21,04 30,503 ,710 ,928
QHLV8
21,19 30,041 ,717 ,928


A3.11. Tiu ch ng chung (CHUNG
1
C G
Tiu ch o g ng U , C NG H
3
3 n quan
s kim ch y lo t k n no th Cronbachs
A u gim. Cronbachs A t t 0 v l
b ph hp k = 3.
Reliability Statis
o l , CHUNG ,
2
HUN
3
)
ln chu (CH NG
1
HU
2
, C UNG ) gm bi
t. Kt qu nh o th nu i b i b bi h s
lpha Do h s lpha t nh = ,764 i s ng
in gc
tics
Cronbach's
Alpha N of Items
,764 3

I otal isti tem-T Stat cs

Scale Mean if
Item Deleted
Scale
Variance if
Item Deleted
Corrected
Item-Total
Correlation
C ch ronba 's
A Ite lpha if m
Deleted
CHUNG1
7,12 3,483 , , 608 669
CHUNG2
7,02 3,902 ,561 ,721
CHUNG3
7,46 3,444 ,620 ,655


90

PH LC 4
PHN TCH NHN T EFA

A4.1. Kt qu phn tch nhn t EFA ca tp hp bin X
k
(k=50):

KMO and Bartlett's Test
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling
Adequacy.
,941
Approx. Chi-Square
13428,471
df
1225
Bartlett's Test of
Sphericity
Sig.
,000


Total Variance Explained
Initial Eigenvalues
Extraction Sums of Squared
Loadings
Rotation Sums of Squared
Loadings
Component
Total
% of
Variance
Cumulative
%
Total
% of
Variance
Cumulative
%
Total
% of
Variance
Cumulative
%
1 18,360 36,719 36,719 18,360 36,719 36,719 8,260 16,519 16,519
2 2,957 5,913 42,633 2,957 5,913 42,633 4,111 8,222 24,741
3 2,404 4,809 47,442 2,404 4,809 47,442 3,904 7,807 32,548
4 1,603 3,207 50,648 1,603 3,207 50,648 3,517 7,033 39,581
5 1,445 2,889 53,537 1,445 2,889 53,537 2,962 5,923 45,504
6 1,439 2,879 56,416 1,439 2,879 56,416 2,635 5,270 50,774
7 1,341 2,682 59,098 1,341 2,682 59,098 2,584 5,169 55,943
8 1,171 2,342 61,440 1,171 2,342 61,440 1,909 3,818 59,762
9 1,035 2,071 63,510 1,035 2,071 63,510 1,641 3,281 63,043
10 1,015 2,030 65,540 1,015 2,030 65,540 1,249 2,497 65,540
11 0,941 1,881 67,421
12 0,855 1,709 69,130
13 0,847 1,693 70,823
14 0,829 1,658 72,481
15 0,758 1,516 73,998
16 0,724 1,448 75,445
17 0,663 1,326 76,772
18 0,646 1,292 78,064


44 0,213 0,426 98,052
45 0,194 0,389 98,441
46 0,180 0,360 98,801
47 0,169 0,338 99,139
48 0,159 0,317 99,457
49 0,144 0,289 99,746
50 0,127 0,254 100,000
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
91

Rotated Component Matrix(a)
Component
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
QHLV6 ,793
QHLV4 ,752
QHLV5 ,741
QHLV3 ,732
QHLV2 ,698
TDTT4 ,685
TDTT3 ,679
QHLV1 ,663
QHLV8 ,648
TDTT5 ,605
CSQT2 ,507
TDTT2 ,502
TDTT1 ,495
PTLV7 ,481
ONCV2 ,444
HQCV4 ,755
HQCV6 ,713
HQCV5 ,700
HQCV2 ,497
HQCV1 ,434
DTPT4 ,429
HQCV3 ,409
TLPL1 ,786
TLPL2 ,721
TLPL4 ,626
TLPL5 ,510
DTPT6 ,496
TLPL3 ,455
PTLV3 ,757
PTLV4 ,659
PTLV1 ,629
PTLV5 ,616
PTLV2 ,563
TUCHU4 ,708
TUCHU3 ,692
TUCHU2 ,531
TUCHU1 ,449
CSQT3 ,415
TCCV8 ,803
TCCV2 ,783
TCCV9 ,763
DTPT2 ,801
DTPT1 ,774
DTPT3 ,390
TCCV3 ,749
TCCV5 ,523
TCCV4 ,426
DTPT5 ,344
CSQT1 ,699
ONCV3 ,395
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.
a Rotation converged in 15 iterations.





92

Component Score Coefficient Matrix
Component
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
TCCV2 -,048 -,053 ,026 -,045 ,028 ,365 ,042 -,087 ,015 ,078
TCCV3 ,035 -,021 -,025 -,071 -,052 -,023 ,007 ,474 -,101 ,011
TCCV4 -,075 ,005 ,068 ,043 ,147 ,120 -,199 ,220 -,108 ,012
TCCV5 -,018 -,081 ,095 -,039 ,018 ,077 ,021 ,299 -,115 ,037
TCCV8 -,020 -,055 ,029 -,033 -,033 ,350 ,030 ,014 -,044 ,011
TCCV9 -,022 ,008 ,022 ,010 -,019 ,350 -,067 -,080 -,027 -,086
TLPL1 -,071 -,093 ,381 ,094 -,153 -,027 -,032 ,080 -,065 -,077
TLPL2 -,043 -,075 ,327 -,019 -,098 -,012 -,068 ,073 ,076 ,016
TLPL3 -,074 ,068 ,111 -,043 ,116 ,020 ,010 -,104 -,068 ,220
TLPL4 -,017 -,080 ,262 -,082 ,035 ,012 -,087 ,085 -,015 ,112
TLPL5 -,004 ,097 ,166 -,092 -,019 ,101 ,002 -,144 -,161 ,182
HQCV1 -,019 ,137 ,049 ,008 ,008 ,009 ,096 -,121 -,176 -,154
HQCV2 ,011 ,153 ,069 -,113 -,033 ,054 ,126 -,213 -,103 ,041
HQCV3 -,001 ,097 ,071 -,065 ,031 ,086 -,045 -,177 ,112 -,083
HQCV4 -,029 ,348 -,105 ,006 -,008 -,048 -,116 ,035 -,062 -,074
HQCV5 -,043 ,282 -,059 ,032 -,031 -,020 -,012 -,023 -,100 ,049
HQCV6 -,077 ,310 -,061 ,009 -,086 -,098 -,063 ,118 ,103 ,029
DTPT1 -,018 -,073 -,083 ,007 -,087 -,011 ,454 -,015 ,051 ,100
DTPT2 -,029 -,063 -,043 -,003 -,036 -,012 ,446 -,011 -,055 ,014
DTPT3 -,008 ,071 ,001 -,036 ,001 ,043 ,128 -,049 ,024 -,135
DTPT4 -,089 ,124 -,037 -,037 -,103 -,067 ,140 ,190 ,271 -,119
DTPT5 -,063 ,084 ,078 ,021 ,007 -,043 -,062 ,198 ,033 -,245
DTPT6 -,025 ,004 ,174 -,002 -,041 ,021 -,025 ,051 ,057 -,234
TUCHU1 -,039 -,093 ,091 -,013 ,179 -,046 ,009 ,044 ,093 -,117
TUCHU2 -,033 -,164 -,058 -,053 ,254 -,068 ,178 ,032 ,177 ,063
TUCHU3 -,050 -,002 -,074 -,004 ,392 -,024 -,080 -,009 -,001 -,052
TUCHU4 -,004 ,002 -,085 -,065 ,418 ,004 -,052 -,039 -,124 -,064
ONCV2 ,023 ,030 ,011 ,073 -,136 -,027 -,022 ,087 ,024 ,287
ONCV3 -,010 ,078 ,028 -,002 -,100 ,017 -,033 ,012 ,112 ,301
CSQT1 -,011 -,042 -,004 -,060 ,011 ,033 -,009 -,144 ,529 ,085
CSQT2 ,037 ,053 -,049 ,012 ,098 ,097 -,075 -,145 -,011 ,131
CSQT3 -,048 ,025 -,095 ,087 ,183 -,010 -,079 ,011 ,081 ,162
PTLV1 -,065 -,044 -,059 ,270 -,036 -,031 ,065 -,037 ,114 ,138
PTLV2 -,057 -,091 ,105 ,252 -,152 -,034 -,003 ,039 ,158 -,019
PTLV3 -,084 ,000 ,003 ,395 -,042 -,004 -,033 ,011 -,182 -,055
PTLV4 -,078 ,059 -,055 ,334 ,002 -,049 -,051 -,030 -,060 -,096
PTLV5 -,048 -,094 -,058 ,252 ,103 ,092 ,049 -,120 -,010 -,042
PTLV7 ,061 -,057 -,007 ,045 ,186 ,017 -,076 -,086 -,096 -,142
TDTT1 ,088 ,048 ,016 ,106 -,164 -,031 ,036 ,044 -,220 -,179
TDTT2 ,055 ,003 -,010 -,029 -,027 ,056 -,018 -,080 ,252 -,213
TDTT3 ,146 ,012 -,064 -,062 ,049 -,026 -,137 -,032 ,122 -,151
TDTT4 ,1 -,041 -,044 -,104 79 -,019 ,067 ,002 -,071 ,054 -,270
TDTT5 ,102 ,063 -,122 ,052 -,028 -,054 -,046 ,019 ,001 -,003
QHLV1 ,128 -,047 -,024 -,036 -,070 -,064 ,057 ,033 ,051 ,101
QHLV2 ,145 -,089 ,027 -,061 -,064 -,034 ,047 ,081 -,037 ,135
QHLV3 ,172 -,105 -,007 -,051 -,019 -,063 ,031 ,034 -,040 ,074
QHLV4 ,176 -,041 -,024 -,085 -,054 -,050 ,045 ,075 -,089 ,111
QHLV5 ,180 -,056 -,063 -,0 -,002 -,012 -,039 26 ,046 -,111 ,098
QHLV6 ,247 -,101 -,138 -,028 ,014 -,029 -,025 -,008 -,102 ,037
QHLV8 ,124 ,004 -,043 -,006 ,010 -,041 ,011 -,042 ,003 -,060
Extraction Method: Prin ompone
n.
omponent Scores.



cipal C nt Analysis.
Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalizatio
C

93



Bin nhn : gm 15 bin quan st QHLV6, QHLV4, QHLV5, QHLV3,
TT3, QHLV1, QHLV8, TDTT5, CSQT2, TDTT2, TDTT1,
uan h cng vic (F1_QuanHe)
t F
1
QHLV2, TDTT4, TD
PTLV7, ONCV2, gii thch Q
TT K hiu Ni dung bin quan st H s ti
QHLV6
p trn trc tip hiu c, quan tm v gip nhn
gii quyt cc vn kh khn 0,793
n vin c cp trn h
1
C
vin
Nh tr chuyn mn trong cng
0,752
c cp trn hng d
2 QHLV4 vic
Nhn vin thng xuyn
3 QHLV5
n
trong cng vic 0,741
4 QHLV3 Cp trn lun bo v quyn li cho nhn vin 0,732
Nhn vin trong cng ty lun c tn trng v tin
98
ra quyt nh 0,685
7 TDTT3
p cho ti v
nhng thay i lin quan 0,679
QHL
L o x m nh vin quan trng
c 0,663
C s cnh tranh lnh mnh gia cc ng nghip vi
10 TDTT5
5 QHLV2 tng 0,6
Cp trn ca ti c tham kho kin cp di trc khi
6 TDTT4
Cp trn ca ti lun thng bo v cung c
n cng ty
t th
8
nh em nhn vin l
V1 a cng ty
9 QHLV8 nhau 0,648
Ti hiu r nn lm g v gp ai nu c thc mc v
cng vic 0,605
11 CS 2
Ti c gii thiu, hng d
QT
n v
m vic u
nh
vi rng tin 0,507
TD
hng cng
c r trong ngy l
12 TT2
Ti thng xuyn c cc bui p nhm/ ng ban
vi c n 2
13 TDTT1
h t/ph
p tr 0,50
Ti c y thng tin ng v cn thit hon
thnh tt cng vic 0,495
14 PTLV7
Ban lnh o lun quan tm ci thin mi trng v
phng tin lm vic cho cng nhn vin 0,481
15 ONCV2 Ti c m bo c vic lm thng xuyn 0,444


Bin nhn t F
2
: gm 7 bin quan st HQCV4, HQCV6, HQCV5, HQCV2,
HQCV1, DTPT4, HQCV3, gii thch Hiu r kt qu cng vic (F2_HieuRo)
94
TT K hiu Ni dung bin quan st H s ti
1 HQCV4
Ti lun hiu r kt qu cng vic m cp trn mong
i 0,755
2 HQCV6
Ti hiu r cn ci thin nhng mt no c th nng
0,713
3 HQCV5 thnh cng ca cng ty 0,700
cao hiu qu cng vic
Nhng vic ti lm c ghi nhn c ng gp vo s
4 HQCV2
Ti c cng ty khen ngi khi hon thnh tt cng
vic 0,497
5 HQCV1
T c n v i n y th
tch tr
6 D PT4
i cng ty h gi gh hn nh
ong cng vic 0,434
T
Ti bit r n u t t tron
cn c 429
7 H
P thc
h 409
nh g i kin cn c ph rin g
g vi 0,
QCV3 l
hng nh gi hiu qu c ng vic cng ty ti
p l 0,

Bin F m bin q TL L2 LP , T L5
L ii thch ng t
3_TienLu

3
: g 6 uan nhn t st PL1, TLP , T L4 LP ,
DTPT6, T PL3, g Tin l ng xng vi tnh cht cng vi c
(F ong)
TT K hiu Ni dung bin quan st H s ti
1 TLPL1
Tin lng ca ti tng xng v i t g vi
an m c b 78
nh cht cn c
g l v s lc ra 0, 6
2 TLPL2 Ti c tr lng ph hp vi kt qu ng v c
3 T
c i 0,721
Tin lng
LPL4
m bo cuc sng ca bn hn g
n 62
T T h n t h tt
5 D PT6
n t n y ch o u c hi th
tin ph in nhn 496
6 T L3
i n g n ng bo
him hi p i l n g, u lc ng , v. 455
t v ia
h ti 0, 6
LPL5 i c nhn tin t ng khi ho hn cng vic 0,510
T
C g ty i lu
4
khu n kh v t nhi ng
v t tr vin 0,
LP
T nh c phc l i tt n oi ti l (v d
, c h i, un i d h h nm v) 0,


Bin nhn t F
4
m b q s TL , P V4, L , P V5
PTLV2, gi
: g 5 in uan t P V3 TL PT V1 TL ,
i thch Phng tin lm vic (F4_PhuongTien)
TT K hiu N un i an i d g b n qu st H s
1 P
ti
TLV3
Ti c cung cp y trang th
i o c v 75
it b v cng c cn
th t ch ng ic 0, 7
2 PTLV4
Ti c t y h tin lao
0,659
3 PTLV1
m bo theo cc nguyn tc an
ton 0,629
4 PTLV5
rang b p ng bo h ng
ni lm vic
Ni ti lm vic c
Ti c hng dn y v sc kho v an ton khi
bt u lm vic trong cng ty 0,616
5 PTLV2 Mi trng lm vic sch s, khng c hi 0,563


95
Bin nhn t F
5
: gm 5 bin quan st TUCHU4, TUCHU3, TUCHU2,
TUCHU1, CSQT3, gii thch Quyn hn thc hin cng vic (F5_QuyenHan)
TT K hiu Ni dung bin quan st H s ti
1 TUCHU4
c quyn ch ng v t chu trch nhim vi cng
vic 0,708
2 TUCHU3 Ti c quyn hn thc hin cng vic 0,692
3 TUCHU2
Ti c khuyn khch a ra nhng sng kin, xut
ci tin cng vic 0,531
4 TUCHU1
Ti c khuyn khch tham gia vo cc quyt nh lin
quan n cng vic 0,449
5 CSQT3
Ti bit cch x l cc tnh hung khn cp ti ni lm
vic khi c s c xy ra 0,415


Bin nhn t F
6
: gm 3 bin quan st TCCV8, TCCV2, TCCV9, gii thch
Thch nghi vi cng vic hin ti (F6_ThichNghi)
TT K hiu Ni dung bin quan st H s ti
1 TCCV8
Cng vic hin ti khin ti cm thy b tc, khng
pht trin c kh nng ca bn thn 0,803
2 TCCV2 Cng vic hin ti ca ti rt nhm chn 0,783
3 TCCV9
Cng vic hin nay tri vi ngh nghip v chuyn mn
ca ti 0,763


Bin nhn t F
7
: gm 3 bin quan st DTPT2, DTPT1, DTPT3, gii thch
Huyn luyn pht trin k nng lm vic (F7_HuyenLuyen)
TT K hiu Ni dung bin quan st H s ti
1 DTPT2
Ti c cung cp y ti liu v chng trnh hun
luy trin k nng lm vic
2 DTP
n pht 0,801
T1
Ti
lm vi
c tham gia cc kha n c
c hiu qu 0,774
ng ty ti c k hoch o to, pht trin ngh nghi
vin r rng 0,
hun luy n thit
C p
3 DTPT3 cho nhn 390


Bin nhn t F
8
: gm 4 bin quan st TCCV3, TCCV5, TCCV ,
o (F8_ThachThuc)
4, DTPT5
gii thch Cng vic i hi thch thc, sng t
TT K hiu Ni dung bin quan st H s ti
1 TCCV3 Cng vic ca ti c nhiu thch thc 0,749
2 TCCV5 Cng vic ca ti i hi s sng to 0,523
3 TCCV4 Cng vic ca ti khng i hi c nhiu k nng
4 DTPT5
0,426
Ti rt lc quan v kh nng pht trin v thnh cng
ca mnh trong cng ty 0,344


96
Bin nhn t F
9
: gm 1 bin quan st CSQT1, gii thch Chnh sch x l
(F9_KyLuat) k lut cng bng
TT K hiu Ni dung bin quan st H s ti
1 CSQT1
Cng ty ti c chnh sch x l k lut cng bng v
nht qun 0,699


Bin nhn t F
10
: gm 1 bin quan st ONCV3, gii thch t khi lo lng b
mt vic lm (F10_MatViec)
TT K hiu Ni dung bin quan st H s ti
1 ONCV3 Ti t khi phi lo lng b mt vic lm 0,395




A4.2. Phn tch nhn t EFA ca 3 tiu ch o lng chung:
KMO and Bartlett's Test
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling
Adequacy.
,692
Approx. Chi-Square
325,580
df
3
Bartlett's Test of
Sphericity
Sig.
,000

Total Variance Explained
Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings
Component
Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative %
1
2,038 67,923 67,923 2,038 67,923 67,923
2
,527 17,565 85,488
3
,435 14,512 100,000
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Component Matrix(a)

Component
1
CHUNG3
,840
CHUNG1
,832
CHUNG2
,799
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
a 1 components extracted.

Component Score Coefficient Matrix

Component
1
CHUNG1
,408
CHUNG2
,392
CHUNG3
,412
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.
Component Scores.

97

A4.3. Kim nh tham s One-Sample T-Test bin nhn t (CHUNG):

One-Sample Statistics
N Mean Std. Deviation
Std. Error
Mean
CHUNG
431 3,5994 ,89838 ,04327


One-Sample Test
Test Value = 3.8229
t df
95% Confidence Interval of
the Difference
Lower Upper
Sig. (2-tailed)

Mean
Difference

Lower Upper
CHUNG
-5,165 430 ,000 -,22352 -,3086 -,1385







98

PH LC 5
PHN T I QUY
5.1. Ma trn tng quan gia cc bin nhn t v bin ph thuc:
CH TNG QUAN V H

A
SAT F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10
SAT Pearson
Correlation
1,849(**) ,806(**) ,702(**) ,769(**) ,771(**) ,358(**) ,684(**) ,664(**) ,577(**) ,594(**)
Sig. (2-tailed)
,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000
N 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431
F1_QuanHe Pearson
Correlation
,849(**) 1,641(**) ,564(**) ,695(**) ,595(**) ,220(**) ,463(**) ,470(**) ,519(**) ,509(**)
Sig. (2-tailed)
,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000
N 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431
F2_HieuRo Pearson
Correlation
,806(**) ,641(**) 1,554(**) ,518(**) ,584(**) ,179(**) ,534(**) ,483(**) ,432(**) ,503(**)
Sig. (2-tailed)
,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000
N 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431
F3_TienLuong Pearson
Correlation
,702(**) ,564(**) ,554(**) 1,488(**) ,553(**) -,018 ,405(**) ,292(**) ,403(**) ,392(**)
Sig. (2-tailed)
,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,706 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000
N 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431
F4_PhuongTien Pearson
Correlation
,769(**) ,695(**) ,518(**) ,488(**) 1 ,534(**) ,218(**) ,450(**) ,380(**) ,438(**) ,426(**)
Sig. (2-tailed)
,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000
N 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431
F5_QuyenHan Pearson
Correlation
,771(**) ,595(**) ,584(**) ,553(**) ,534(**) 1 ,069 ,517(**) ,478(**) ,395(**) ,399(**)
Sig. (2-tailed)
,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,152 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000
N 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431
F6_ThichNghi Pearson
Correlation
,358(**) ,220(**) ,179(**) -,018,218(**) ,069 1 ,183(**) ,411(**) ,169(**) ,205(**)
Sig. (2-tailed)
,000 ,000 ,000 ,706 ,000 ,152 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000
N 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431
F7_HuanLuyen Pearson
Correlation
,684(**) ,463(**) ,534(**) ,405(**) ,450(**) ,517(**) ,183(**) 1,405(**) ,270(**) ,286(**)
Sig. (2-tailed)
,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000
N 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431
F8_ThachThuc Pearson
Correlation
,664(**) ,470(**) ,483(**) ,292(**) ,380(**) ,478(**) ,411(**) ,405(**) 1 ,262(**) ,362(**)
Sig. (2-tailed)
,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000
N 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431
F9_KyLuat Pearson
Correlation
,577(**) ,519(**) ,432(**) ,403(**) ,438(**) ,395(**) ,169(**) ,270(**) ,262(**) 1 ,441(**)
Sig. (2-tailed)
,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000
N 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431
F10_MatViec Pearson
Correlation
,594(**) ,509(**) ,503(**) ,392(**) ,426(**) ,399(**) ,205(**) ,286(**) ,362(**) ,441(**) 1
Sig. (2-tailed)
,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000
N 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431 431
** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
* Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).




99
A5.2. Kim nh v du trong m hnh hi quy tuyn tnh bi:
Tn nhn t K hiu
K vng
du
Bin quan st
S hi lng chung ca ngi
lao ng i vi doanh
nghip
SAT 50 bin quan st X
k
F1: Quan h cng vic F1_QuanHe +
QHLV6, QHLV4, QHLV5, QHLV3,
QHLV2, TDTT4, TDTT3, QHLV1,
QHLV8, TDTT5, CSQT2, TDTT2,
TDTT1, PTLV7, ONCV2,
F2: Hiu r kt qu cng
vic
F2_HieuRo +
HQCV4, HQCV6, HQCV5, HQCV2,
HQCV1, DTPT4, HQCV3,
F3: Tin lng tng xng
vi KQCV
F3_TienLuong +
TLPL1, TLPL2, TLPL4, TLPL5,
DTPT6, TLPL3,
PTLV3, PTLV4, PTLV1, PTLV5,
F5: Quyn hn thc hin
cng vic
F5_QuyenHan +
TUCHU4, TUCHU3, TUCHU2,
TUCHU1, CSQT3,
F6: Thch nghi vi cng vic
hin ti
F6_ThichNghi + TCCV8, TCCV2, TCCV9,
F7: Hun luyn pht trin k
nng lm vic
F7_HuanLuyen + DTPT2, DTPT1, DTPT3,
F8: Cng vic i hi thch
thc sng to
F8_ThachThuc + TCCV3, TCCV5, TCCV4, DTPT5,
F9: Chnh sch x l k lut
cng bng
F9_KyLuat + CSQT1,
F10: t khi lo lng b mt
vic lm
F10_MatViec + ONCV3,
F4: Phng tin lm vic F4_PhuongTien +
PTLV2,


5.3. Xc nh nhn t nh hng n SAT A
Nhn t Bin SAT
Tn nhn t K hiu
Gi
thuyt nh
hng
Kt qu
F1: Quan h cng vic F1_QuanHe H
1

C Chp nhn
F2: Hiu r kt qu cng vic F2_HieuRo H
2

Khng Bc b
F3: Tin lng tng xng vi KQCV F3_TienLuong H
3

Khng Bc b
F4: Phng tin lm vic F4_PhuongTien H
4

C Chp nhn
F5: Quyn hn thc hin cng vic F5_QuyenHan H
5

C Chp nhn
F6: Thch nghi vi cng vic hin ti F6_ThichNghi H
6

C Chp nhn
F7: Hun luyn pht trin k nng lm vic F7_HuanLuyen H
7
Khng Bc b
F8: Cng vic i hi thch thc sng to F8_ThachThuc H
8

Khng Bc b
F9: Chnh sch x l k lut cng bng F9_KyLuat H
9

C Chp nhn
F10: t khi lo lng b mt vic lm F10_MatViec H
10

C Chp nhn
Ngun: Kt qu phn tch hi quy v kim nh gi thuyt

100
A5.4. Din gii qu trnh phn tch hi quy v kim nh:
Ln
Cc bin a
vo m hnh
Kt qu phn tch
Cc bin nhn
t cn li
1 F
1
, F
2
, F
3
, F
4
,
F
5
, F
6
, F
7
, F
8
,
F
9
, F
10
Phn tch hi quy
H s R
2
= 0,996; Anova: Sig 0,05
Coefficients: Sig.>0,05: Khng c; VIP>10: Khng c
Phng sai sai s khng i
Loi Bin F
7
v bin ny tng quan hng ln nht vi bin
tr tuyt i h s phn d
F
1
, F
2
, F
3
, F
4
,
F
5
, F
6
, F
8
, F
9
,
F
10
2 F
1
, F
2
, F
3
, F
4
,
F
5
, F
6
, F
8
, F
9
,
F
10
Phn tch hi quy
H s R
2
= 0,980; Anova: Sig 0,05
Coefficients: Sig.>0,05: Khng c; VIP>10: Khng c
Phng sai sai s khng i
Loi Bin F
2
v bin ny tng quan hng ln nht vi bin
tr tuyt i h s phn d
F
1
, F
3
, F
4
, F
5
,
F
6
, F
8
, F
9
, F
10
3 F
1
, F
3
, F
4
, F
5
,
F
6
, F
8
, F
9
, F
10
Phn tch hi quy
H s R
2
= 0,965; Anova: Sig 0,05
Coefficients: Sig.>0,05: Khng c; VIP>10: Khng c
Phng sai sai s thay i
Loi Bin F
8
v bin ny tng quan hng ln nht vi bin
tr tuyt i h s phn d
F
1
, F
3
, F
4
, F
5
,
F
6
, F
9
, F
10
4 F
1
, F
3
, F
4
, F
5
,
F
6
, F
9
, F
10
Phn tch hi quy
H s R
2
= 0,948; Anova: Sig 0,05
Coefficients: Sig.>0,05: Khng c: VIP>10: Khng c
Phng sai sai s thay i
Loi Bin F
3
v bin ny tng quan hng ln nht vi bin
tr tuyt i h s phn d
F
1
, F
4
, F
5
, F
6
,
F
9
, F
10
5 F
1
, F
4
, F
5
, F
6
,
F
9
, F
10
Phn tch hi quy
H s R
2
= 0,914; Anova: Sig 0,05
Coefficients: Sig.>0,05: Khng c; VIP>10: Khng c
Phng sai sai s khng i
Kim nh tng quan hng, bin F
1
, F
4
, F
5
, F
6
, F
9
, F
10
c lp
vi bin tr tuyt i h s phn d.
F
1
, F
4
, F
5
, F
6
,
F
9
, F
10
Ngun: Kt qu phn tch hi quy v kim nh gi thuyt

Kt qu hi quy v kim nh trng hp bin ph thuc SAT (ln cui)
Model Summary
b
,956
a
,914 ,913 ,22569 ,914 751,226 6 424 ,000
Model
1
R R Square
Adjusted
R Square
Std. Error of
the Estimate
R Square
Change F Change df1 df2 Sig. F Change
Change Statistics
Predictors: (Constant), F10_MatViec, F6_ThichNghi, F5_QuyenHan, F9_KyLuat, F4_PhuongTien, F1_QuanHe
a.
Dependent Variable: SAT
b.


101
ANOVA
b
229,596 6 38,266 751,226 ,000
a
21,598 424 ,051
251,194 430
Regression
Residual
Total
Model
1
Sum of
Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Predictors: (Constant), F10_MatViec, F6_ThichNghi, F5_QuyenHan, F9_KyLuat,
F4_PhuongTien, F1_QuanHe
a.
Dependent Variable: SAT
b.

Coefficients
a
,136 ,058 2,359 ,019
,173 ,011 ,350 15,352 ,000 ,849 ,598 ,219 ,391 2,556
,129 ,012 ,214 10,418 ,000 ,769 ,451 ,148 ,483 2,071
,222 ,011 ,361 19,597 ,000 ,771 ,689 ,279 ,597 1,675
,133 ,011 ,173 11,671 ,000 ,358 ,493 ,166 ,920 1,087
,119 ,025 ,082 4,741 ,000 ,577 ,224 ,068 ,676 1,479
,223 ,035 ,109 6,327 ,000 ,594 ,294 ,090 ,678 1,474
(Constant)
F1_QuanHe
F4_PhuongTien
F5_QuyenHan
F6_ThichNghi
F9_KyLuat
F10_MatViec
Model
1
B Std. Error
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Beta
Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig. Zero-order Partial Part
Correlations
Tolerance VIF
Collinearity Statistics
Dependent Variable: SAT
a.

1,000
.
431
-,016
,747
431
-,044
,362
431
-,042
,384
431
-,023
,641
431
-,011
,812
431
-,031
,521
431
Correlation Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Correlation Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Correlation Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Correlation Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Correlation Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Correlation Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Correlation Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
ABS_RES
F1_QuanHe
F4_PhuongTien
F5_QuyenHan
F6_ThichNghi
F9_KyLuat
F10_MatViec
Spearman's rho
ABS_RES
Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
**.
Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
*.

102

PH LC 6
KIM NH THAM S

A6.1. Kim nh trung bnh Independent-Sample T-test v gii tnh:
Group Statistics
Independent Samples Test
17,617 ,000 -1,669 429 ,096 -,25918 ,15533 -,56448 ,04612
-1,496 228,582 ,136 -,25918 ,17328 -,60061 ,08225
4,892 ,028 -2,004 429 ,046 -,25478 ,12715 -,50469 -,00487
-1,912 271,128 ,057 -,25478 ,13324 -,51710 ,00754
4,670 ,031 ,760 429 ,447 ,09528 ,12531 -,15102 ,34157
,720 265,203 ,472 ,09528 ,13234 -,16530 ,35585
,906 ,342 -,208 429 ,836 -,02083 ,10026 -,21789 ,17624
-,201 281,878 ,841 -,02083 ,10365 -,22485 ,18319
16,488 ,000 -2,377 429 ,018 -,12620 ,05308 -,23053 -,02186
-2,190 245,878 ,029 -,12620 ,05762 -,23968 -,01272
3,655 ,057 -,300 429 ,765 -,01133 ,03780 -,08563 ,06298
-,291 283,803 ,772 -,01133 ,03899 -,08807 ,06542
11,253 ,001 -,640 429 ,522 -,04937 ,07711 -,20092 ,10218
-,583 237,689 ,561 -,04937 ,08475 -,21632 ,11758
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
F1_QuanHe
F4_PhuongTien
F5_QuyenHan
F6_ThichNghi
F9_KyLuat
F10_MatViec
SAT
F Sig.
Levene's Test for
Equality of Variances
t df Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference Lower Upper
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
t-test for Equality of Means


A6.2. Kim nh trung bnh One-Way Anova v nhm tui:
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
7,735 4 426 ,000
3,631 4 426 ,006
3,991 4 426 ,003
3,484 4 426 ,008
5,493 4 426 ,000
4,696 4 426 ,001
11,215 4 426 ,000
F1_QuanHe
F4_PhuongTien
F5_QuyenHan
F6_ThichNghi
F9_KyLuat
F10_MatViec
SAT
Levene
Statistic df1 df2 Sig.


103
ANOVA
16,534 4 4,133 1,746 ,139
1008,513 426 2,367
1025,047 430
12,449 4 3,112 1,960 ,100
676,357 426 1,588
688,806 430
16,425 4 4,106 2,702 ,030
647,272 426 1,519
663,696 430
4,969 4 1,242 1,262 ,284
419,396 426 ,984
424,365 430
4,210 4 1,053 3,855 ,004
116,303 426 ,273
120,513 430
1,008 4 ,252 1,808 ,126
59,333 426 ,139
60,341 430
4,688 4 1,172 2,026 ,090
246,506 426 ,579
251,194 430
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
F1_QuanHe
F4_PhuongTien
F5_QuyenHan
F6_ThichNghi
F9_KyLuat
F10_MatViec
SAT
Sum of
Squares df Mean Square F Sig.


A6.3. Kim nh trung bnh One-Way Anova v trnh hc vn:
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
2,038 3 427 ,108
,437 3 427 ,727
1,229 3 427 ,299
,744 3 427 ,526
4,869 3 427 ,002
4,565 3 427 ,004
,486 3 427 ,692
F1_QuanHe
F4_PhuongTien
F5_QuyenHan
F6_ThichNghi
F9_KyLuat
F10_MatViec
SAT
Levene
Statistic df1 df2 Sig.

104
ANOVA
13,086 3 4,362 1,841 ,139
1011,960 427 2,370
1025,047 430
3,144 3 1,048 ,653 ,582
685,662 427 1,606
688,806 430
3,320 3 1,107 ,716 ,543
660,376 427 1,547
663,696 430
8,231 3 2,744 2,815 ,039
416,134 427 ,975
424,365 430
2,561 3 ,854 3,090 ,027
117,952 427 ,276
120,513 430
,857 3 ,286 2,052 ,106
59,483 427 ,139
60,341 430
1,776 3 ,592 1,013 ,387
249,418 427 ,584
251,194 430
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
F1_QuanHe
F4_PhuongTien
F5_QuyenHan
F6_ThichNghi
F9_KyLuat
F10_MatViec
SAT
Sum of
Squares df Mean Square F Sig.


A6.4. Kim nh trung bnh One-Way Anova v doanh nghip:
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
5,320 11 419 ,000
6,916 11 419 ,000
2,890 11 419 ,001
2,823 11 419 ,001
22,430 11 419 ,000
11,234 11 419 ,000
5,312 11 419 ,000
F1_QuanHe
F4_PhuongTien
F5_QuyenHan
F6_ThichNghi
F9_KyLuat
F10_MatViec
SAT
Levene
Statistic df1 df2 Sig.

105
ANOVA
513,155 11 46,650 38,185 ,000
511,892 419 1,222
1025,047 430
310,621 11 28,238 31,286 ,000
378,185 419 ,903
688,806 430
212,083 11 19,280 17,888 ,000
451,613 419 1,078
663,696 430
133,710 11 12,155 17,523 ,000
290,655 419 ,694
424,365 430
29,159 11 2,651 12,158 ,000
91,354 419 ,218
120,513 430
21,690 11 1,972 21,375 ,000
38,651 419 ,092
60,341 430
139,895 11 12,718 47,878 ,000
111,299 419 ,266
251,194 430
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
F1_QuanHe
F4_PhuongTien
F5_QuyenHan
F6_ThichNghi
F9_KyLuat
F10_MatViec
SAT
Sum of
Squares df Mean Square F Sig.


A6.5. Kim nh trung bnh One-Way Anova v thi gian lm vic:
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
,375 5 425 ,866
1,909 5 425 ,092
1,082 5 425 ,370
,677 5 425 ,641
1,817 5 425 ,108
2,730 5 425 ,019
,547 5 425 ,741
F1_QuanHe
F4_PhuongTien
F5_QuyenHan
F6_ThichNghi
F9_KyLuat
F10_MatViec
SAT
Levene
Statistic df1 df2 Sig.

106
ANOVA
5,214 5 1,043 ,435 ,824
1019,833 425 2,400
1025,047 430
4,440 5 ,888 ,551 ,737
684,366 425 1,610
688,806 430
36,157 5 7,231 4,897 ,000
627,540 425 1,477
663,696 430
27,189 5 5,438 5,819 ,000
397,176 425 ,935
424,365 430
1,068 5 ,214 ,760 ,579
119,445 425 ,281
120,513 430
,632 5 ,126 ,900 ,481
59,709 425 ,140
60,341 430
4,557 5 ,911 1,571 ,167
246,637 425 ,580
251,194 430
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Between Groups
Within Groups
F1_QuanHe
Total
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
F4_PhuongTien
F5_QuyenHan
F6_ThichNghi
F9_KyLuat
F10_MatViec
SAT
Sum of
Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

p:


A6.6. Kim nh trung bnh One-Way Anova v thu nh
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
2,869 5 425 ,015
1,576 5 425 ,166
Levene
Statistic df1 df2 Sig.
F1_QuanHe
1,038 5 425 ,395
1,497 5 425 ,190
,487 5 425 ,786
1,642 5 425 ,148
F4_PhuongTien
F5_QuyenHan
F6_ThichNghi
F9_KyLuat
F10_MatViec
SAT 3,339 5 425 ,006


107
ANOVA
7,515 5 1,503 ,628 ,679
1017,532 425 2,394
1025,047 430
9,403 5 1,881 1,176 ,320
679,403 425 1,599
688,806 430
11,773 5 2,355 1,535 ,178
651,923 425 1,534
663,696 430
54,122 5 10,824 12,425 ,000
370,243 425 ,871
424,365 430
1,502 5 ,300 1,073 ,375
119,011 425 ,280
120,513 430
,503 5 ,101 ,715 ,612
59,838 425 ,141
60,341 430
5,095 5 1,019 1,760 ,120
246,099 425 ,579
251,194 430
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
F1_QuanHe
F4_PhuongTien
F5_QuyenHan
F6_ThichNghi
F9_KyLuat
F10_MatViec
SAT
Sum of
Squares df Mean Square F Sig.



A6.6. Kim nh trung bnh Independent-Sample T-test v c ch phc li:
Tr cp nh , tin thu nh:

Independent Samples Test
1,086 ,298 1,100 429 ,272 ,43240 ,39327 -,34057 1,20537
,887 15,736 ,389 ,43240 ,48757 -,60261 1,46741
4,094 ,044 2,984 429 ,003 ,95342 ,31953 ,32538 1,58146
2,262 15,642 ,038 ,95342 ,42151 ,05820 1,84864
,001 ,970 ,027 429 ,978 ,00862 ,31689 -,61423 ,63147
,027 16,138 ,979 ,00862 ,32189 -,67327 ,69052
1,467 ,227 -1,423 429 ,156 -,35964 ,25280 -,85651 ,13724
-1,259 15,902 ,226 -,35964 ,28562 -,96542 ,24615
,257 ,613 -,041 429 ,967 -,00558 ,13503 -,27099 ,25983
-,051 16,859 ,960 -,00558 ,10986 -,23752 ,22635
,700 ,403 1,178 429 ,239 ,11237 ,09540 -,07513 ,29988
1,046 15,908 ,311 ,11237 ,10741 -,11544 ,34019
1,365 ,243 ,519 429 ,604 ,10110 ,19489 -,28196 ,48417
,439 15,816 ,667 ,10110 ,23047 -,38793 ,59014
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
F1_QuanHe
F4_PhuongTien
F5_QuyenHan
F6_ThichNghi
F9_KyLuat
F10_MatViec
SAT
F Sig.
Levene's Test for
Equality of Variances
t df Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference Lower Upper
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
t-test for Equality of Means

108
109
UTr cp tin tu xe, xng:

Independent Samples Test
98,024 ,000 3,678 429 ,000 1,07622 ,29264 ,50104 1,65140
1,789 28,688 ,084 1,07622 ,60146 -,15448 2,30693
39,285 ,000 3,927 429 ,000 ,93997 ,23937 ,46947 1,41046
2,274 29,106 ,031 ,93997 ,41333 ,09474 1,78520
31,127 ,000 2,678 429 ,008 ,63517 ,23718 ,16898 1,10135
1,685 29,367 ,103 ,63517 ,37698 -,13543 1,40577
6,122 ,014 3,293 429 ,001 ,62187 ,18886 ,25066 ,99308
2,656 30,505 ,012 ,62187 ,23418 ,14395 1,09979
13,730 ,000 ,929 429 ,354 ,09454 ,10181 -,10557 ,29464
,604 29,486 ,550 ,09454 ,15652 -,22534 ,41442
27,562 ,000 5,427 429 ,000 ,37858 ,06976 ,24148 ,51569
3,646 29,609 ,001 ,37858 ,10384 ,16640 ,59077
96,974 ,000 3,931 429 ,000 ,56827 ,14455 ,28416 ,85239
1,915 28,690 ,065 ,56827 ,29669 -,03882 1,17536
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
F1_QuanHe
F4_PhuongTien
F5_QuyenHan
F6_ThichNghi
F9_KyLuat
F10_MatViec
SAT
F Sig.
Levene's Test for
Equality of Variances
t df Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference Lower Upper
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
t-test for Equality of Means


Uc kim tra sc khe nh k

Independent Samples Test
5,360 ,021 -,818 428 ,414 -,16804 ,20549 -,57193 ,23584
-,685 81,104 ,495 -,16804 ,24535 -,65620 ,32012
1,615 ,204 -,886 428 ,376 -,14917 ,16842 -,48021 ,18187
-,788 84,239 ,433 -,14917 ,18920 -,52540 ,22706
4,829 ,029 ,021 428 ,984 ,00340 ,16528 -,32147 ,32826
,017 81,837 ,986 ,00340 ,19436 -,38326 ,39006
,039 ,843 -1,415 428 ,158 -,18690 ,13206 -,44648 ,07267
-1,357 88,906 ,178 -,18690 ,13771 -,46054 ,08674
,299 ,585 1,068 428 ,286 ,07507 ,07031 -,06312 ,21326
1,100 94,544 ,274 ,07507 ,06824 -,06040 ,21054
2,988 ,085 -1,202 428 ,230 -,05981 ,04976 -,15761 ,03798
-1,079 84,722 ,284 -,05981 ,05542 -,17001 ,05038
2,665 ,103 -,367 428 ,714 -,03729 ,10166 -,23710 ,16252
-,311 81,750 ,756 -,03729 ,11976 -,27553 ,20096
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
F1_QuanHe
F4_PhuongTien
F5_QuyenHan
F6_ThichNghi
F9_KyLuat
F10_MatViec
SAT
F Sig.
Levene's Test for
Equality of Variances
t df Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference Lower Upper
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
t-test for Equality of Means


U
110
c cung cp ba n tra gia ca:
Independent Samples Test
1,929 ,166 1,176 428 ,240 ,23721 ,20170 -,15924 ,63366
1,521 135,511 ,131 ,23721 ,15593 -,07116 ,54558
3,608 ,058 ,126 428 ,900 ,02080 ,16561 -,30471 ,34631
,170 147,518 ,865 ,02080 ,12216 -,22061 ,26221
,013 ,910 1,685 428 ,093 ,27269 ,16184 -,04541 ,59079
1,710 99,101 ,090 ,27269 ,15945 -,04369 ,58907
,075 ,784 -,112 428 ,911 -,01462 ,13004 -,27022 ,24098
-,113 98,039 ,910 -,01462 ,12960 -,27181 ,24256
4,515 ,034 1,202 428 ,230 ,08297 ,06904 -,05273 ,21868
1,485 125,796 ,140 ,08297 ,05589 -,02764 ,19359
1,543 ,215 ,871 428 ,384 ,04259 ,04892 -,05356 ,13874
,922 103,356 ,359 ,04259 ,04622 -,04907 ,13425
3,327 ,069 1,645 428 ,101 ,16380 ,09957 -,03191 ,35950
2,274 153,231 ,024 ,16380 ,07204 ,02148 ,30611
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
F1_QuanHe
F4_PhuongTien
F5_QuyenHan
F6_ThichNghi
F9_KyLuat
F10_MatViec
SAT
F Sig.
Levene's Test for
Equality of Variances
t df Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference Lower Upper
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
t-test for Equality of Means


UNgh php c lng:

Independent Samples Test
,731 ,393 ,742 428 ,458 ,13337 ,17966 -,21976 ,48649
,805 171,958 ,422 ,13337 ,16564 -,19359 ,46032
7,129 ,008 1,972 428 ,049 ,28930 ,14671 ,00095 ,57766
2,401 215,601 ,017 ,28930 ,12048 ,05184 ,52677
,146 ,702 1,499 428 ,135 ,21607 ,14411 -,06718 ,49932
1,508 152,715 ,134 ,21607 ,14327 -,06698 ,49912
2,282 ,132 -1,722 428 ,086 -,19862 ,11532 -,42528 ,02805
-1,767 157,221 ,079 -,19862 ,11241 -,42064 ,02341
2,274 ,132 1,855 428 ,064 ,11369 ,06130 -,00679 ,23417
2,063 179,738 ,041 ,11369 ,05511 ,00494 ,22244
,043 ,837 ,398 428 ,691 ,01733 ,04356 -,06829 ,10296
,402 153,838 ,688 ,01733 ,04309 -,06779 ,10246
3,955 ,047 1,736 428 ,083 ,15374 ,08857 -,02035 ,32783
2,206 237,802 ,028 ,15374 ,06970 ,01644 ,29104
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
F1_QuanHe
F4_PhuongTien
F5_QuyenHan
F6_ThichNghi
F9_KyLuat
F10_MatViec
SAT
F Sig.
Levene's Test for
Equality of Variances
t df Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference Lower Upper
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
t-test for Equality of Means



U
111
Tin tu xe i php nm:

Independent Samples Test
,130 ,718 -,690 429 ,490 -,32565 ,47187 -1,25311 ,60181
-,863 10,856 ,407 -,32565 ,37733 -1,15748 ,50619
,768 ,381 ,143 429 ,886 ,05541 ,38701 -,70527 ,81609
,119 10,359 ,907 ,05541 ,46488 -,97557 1,08639
,288 ,592 -1,193 429 ,234 -,45235 ,37928 -1,19782 ,29312
-1,370 10,714 ,199 -,45235 ,33006 -1,18118 ,27649
,117 ,733 -,920 429 ,358 -,27906 ,30348 -,87555 ,31743
-,880 10,483 ,399 -,27906 ,31709 -,98119 ,42307
1,075 ,300 -,988 429 ,323 -,15984 ,16170 -,47766 ,15799
-1,182 10,778 ,262 -,15984 ,13518 -,45811 ,13843
5,274 ,022 -,653 429 ,514 -,07477 ,11449 -,29980 ,15027
-1,618 14,160 ,128 -,07477 ,04620 -,17374 ,02421
,195 ,659 -,931 429 ,352 -,21741 ,23348 -,67632 ,24150
-1,299 11,085 ,220 -,21741 ,16741 -,58553 ,15071
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
F1_QuanHe
F4_PhuongTien
F5_QuyenHan
F6_ThichNghi
F9_KyLuat
F10_MatViec
SAT
F Sig.
Levene's Test for
Equality of Variances
t df Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference Lower Upper
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
t-test for Equality of Means


UNgh bnh c lng:

Independent Samples Test
4,805 ,029 -,977 428 ,329 -,16495 ,16878 -,49670 ,16680
-,901 173,777 ,369 -,16495 ,18313 -,52640 ,19650
,096 ,756 -,759 428 ,448 -,10510 ,13842 -,37717 ,16698
-,747 194,075 ,456 -,10510 ,14066 -,38252 ,17233
1,571 ,211 ,677 428 ,499 ,09190 ,13573 -,17489 ,35868
,631 176,774 ,529 ,09190 ,14569 -,19563 ,37942
1,781 ,183 -1,583 428 ,114 -,17168 ,10845 -,38484 ,04148
-1,613 207,252 ,108 -,17168 ,10642 -,38149 ,03812
,347 ,556 1,014 428 ,311 ,05860 ,05777 -,05496 ,17216
1,065 220,261 ,288 ,05860 ,05500 -,04980 ,16700
2,910 ,089 -,866 428 ,387 -,03545 ,04092 -,11587 ,04497
-,820 181,393 ,413 -,03545 ,04323 -,12075 ,04985
1,075 ,300 ,211 428 ,833 ,01764 ,08354 -,14656 ,18183
,201 183,893 ,841 ,01764 ,08754 -,15508 ,19036
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
F1_QuanHe
F4_PhuongTien
F5_QuyenHan
F6_ThichNghi
F9_KyLuat
F10_MatViec
SAT
F Sig.
Levene's Test for
Equality of Variances
t df Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference Lower Upper
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
t-test for Equality of Means


U
112
Tr cp ch thai sn:

Independent Samples Test
5,308 ,022 -,802 276 ,423 -,17802 ,22193 -,61491 ,25887
-,631 45,836 ,531 -,17802 ,28221 -,74614 ,39010
,287 ,593 -,169 276 ,866 -,03431 ,20307 -,43408 ,36545
-,181 56,035 ,857 -,03431 ,18994 -,41480 ,34617
4,646 ,032 ,027 276 ,978 ,00541 ,19730 -,38300 ,39382
,023 47,610 ,982 ,00541 ,23240 -,46197 ,47279
,670 ,414 -1,332 276 ,184 -,21696 ,16285 -,53755 ,10363
-1,360 53,849 ,179 -,21696 ,15951 -,53677 ,10286
,219 ,640 -,149 276 ,882 -,01190 ,07984 -,16907 ,14527
-,137 50,007 ,891 -,01190 ,08655 -,18574 ,16194
5,067 ,025 -1,388 276 ,166 -,08526 ,06144 -,20621 ,03568
-1,180 47,643 ,244 -,08526 ,07227 -,23061 ,06008
2,847 ,093 -,757 276 ,449 -,08574 ,11321 -,30861 ,13713
-,648 47,815 ,520 -,08574 ,13230 -,35179 ,18030
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
F1_QuanHe
F4_PhuongTien
F5_QuyenHan
F6_ThichNghi
F9_KyLuat
F10_MatViec
SAT
F Sig.
Levene's Test for
Equality of Variances
t df Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference Lower Upper
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
t-test for Equality of Means


Ung BHXH, BHYT, bo him tht nghip y :
Independent Samples Test
,124 ,725 ,729 428 ,466 ,18315 ,25107 -,31034 ,67665
,763 51,440 ,449 ,18315 ,24007 -,29871 ,66502
10,836 ,001 1,768 428 ,078 ,36277 ,20520 -,04056 ,76609
3,138 89,688 ,002 ,36277 ,11562 ,13306 ,59247
,164 ,686 1,678 428 ,094 ,33771 ,20126 -,05787 ,73329
1,639 49,745 ,108 ,33771 ,20605 -,07622 ,75163
,042 ,838 ,670 428 ,504 ,10822 ,16163 -,20947 ,42590
,682 50,736 ,499 ,10822 ,15876 -,21054 ,42697
4,930 ,027 1,516 428 ,130 ,13007 ,08577 -,03852 ,29865
1,912 58,166 ,061 ,13007 ,06803 -,00611 ,26624
,850 ,357 -,550 428 ,583 -,03346 ,06087 -,15310 ,08617
-,508 48,581 ,614 -,03346 ,06587 -,16586 ,09893
3,388 ,066 2,039 428 ,042 ,25201 ,12361 ,00905 ,49497
3,319 77,424 ,001 ,25201 ,07594 ,10081 ,40321
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
F1_QuanHe
F4_PhuongTien
F5_QuyenHan
F6_ThichNghi
F9_KyLuat
F10_MatViec
SAT
F Sig.
Levene's Test for
Equality of Variances
t df Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference Lower Upper
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
t-test for Equality of Means


113
UC ch bo him tai nn 24/24:
Independent Samples Test
1,012 ,315 ,451 428 ,652 ,07446 ,16500 -,24986 ,39877
,512 301,399 ,609 ,07446 ,14548 -,21184 ,36075
,218 ,641 ,583 428 ,560 ,07891 ,13524 -,18690 ,34472
,638 275,117 ,524 ,07891 ,12376 -,16473 ,32255
1,082 ,299 -,974 428 ,331 -,12901 ,13250 -,38945 ,13142
-1,033 256,631 ,302 -,12901 ,12486 -,37490 ,11688
,088 ,767 2,490 428 ,013 ,26266 ,10547 ,05535 ,46997
2,484 223,817 ,014 ,26266 ,10573 ,05431 ,47100
1,022 ,313 ,082 428 ,935 ,00464 ,05650 -,10641 ,11569
,090 275,005 ,929 ,00464 ,05171 -,09716 ,10644
1,601 ,206 -1,822 428 ,069 -,07262 ,03984 -,15093 ,00570
-1,794 217,695 ,074 -,07262 ,04048 -,15240 ,00716
1,519 ,218 ,612 428 ,541 ,04992 ,08156 -,11039 ,21024
,733 344,459 ,464 ,04992 ,06811 -,08405 ,18389
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
F1_QuanHe
F4_PhuongTien
F5_QuyenHan
F6_ThichNghi
F9_KyLuat
F10_MatViec
SAT
F Sig.
Levene's Test for
Equality of Variances
t df Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference Lower Upper
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
t-test for Equality of Means


Uc tr lng ngoi gi theo quy nh:

Independent Samples Test
,021 ,884 -,352 428 ,725 -,06214 ,17652 -,40909 ,28482
-,371 178,528 ,711 -,06214 ,16731 -,39229 ,26802
,000 ,992 -,766 428 ,444 -,11081 ,14462 -,39507 ,17345
-,809 178,608 ,420 -,11081 ,13704 -,38123 ,15962
,083 ,773 -1,942 428 ,053 -,27430 ,14127 -,55197 ,00337
-1,974 167,908 ,050 -,27430 ,13893 -,54857 -,00003
2,673 ,103 -,061 428 ,952 -,00690 ,11364 -,23026 ,21647
-,066 189,559 ,947 -,00690 ,10418 -,21239 ,19860
,097 ,756 -,704 428 ,482 -,04251 ,06040 -,16123 ,07621
-,748 180,697 ,456 -,04251 ,05685 -,15469 ,06967
12,183 ,001 -2,973 428 ,003 -,12590 ,04235 -,20914 -,04266
-2,706 143,696 ,008 -,12590 ,04652 -,21785 -,03395
,055 ,815 -1,448 428 ,148 -,12609 ,08707 -,29723 ,04506
-1,568 186,965 ,119 -,12609 ,08042 -,28473 ,03256
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
F1_QuanHe
F4_PhuongTien
F5_QuyenHan
F6_ThichNghi
F9_KyLuat
F10_MatViec
SAT
F Sig.
Levene's Test for
Equality of Variances
t df Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference Lower Upper
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
t-test for Equality of Means



U
114
H tr chi ph hc tp:

Independent Samples Test
1,502 ,221 -,480 428 ,632 -,11154 ,23260 -,56873 ,34565
-,394 56,941 ,695 -,11154 ,28335 -,67896 ,45587
,607 ,436 -,191 428 ,849 -,03644 ,19072 -,41130 ,33843
-,181 60,722 ,857 -,03644 ,20143 -,43926 ,36639
,889 ,346 -2,496 428 ,013 -,46342 ,18565 -,82832 -,09851
-2,480 62,368 ,016 -,46342 ,18684 -,83686 -,08997
,003 ,959 ,870 428 ,385 ,13021 ,14963 -,16389 ,42432
,845 61,549 ,401 ,13021 ,15413 -,17793 ,43836
,018 ,894 -,514 428 ,607 -,04096 ,07962 -,19746 ,11555
-,474 59,917 ,637 -,04096 ,08633 -,21364 ,13173
13,028 ,000 -2,175 428 ,030 -,12199 ,05608 -,23222 -,01177
-2,658 72,777 ,010 -,12199 ,04590 -,21348 -,03050
,063 ,802 -2,008 428 ,045 -,22993 ,11450 -,45498 -,00489
-1,827 59,512 ,073 -,22993 ,12587 -,48176 ,02189
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
F1_QuanHe
F4_PhuongTien
F5_QuyenHan
F6_ThichNghi
F9_KyLuat
F10_MatViec
SAT
F Sig.
Levene's Test for
Equality of Variances
t df Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference Lower Upper
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
t-test for Equality of Means


115

TI LIU THAM KHO


TI LIU THAM KHO BNG TING VIT

[1] inh Phi H (2009), ti nghin cu cp tnh: Vn chuyn dch lao
ng, c cu dn c, ngun nhn lc ca tnh Bn Tre: thc trng v gii
php.

[2] inh Phi H, V Thanh Sn (2010), Cc yu t tc ng n s hi lng ca
cng ng dn c i vi s pht trin cc khu cng nghip Trng hp
in hnh tnh Bn Tre. Tp ch Kinh t Pht trin, s 237 thng 7/2010);

[3] Trn Kim Dung (2003), nh gi trnh qun tr ngun nhn lc trong cc
doanh nghip du lch trn a bn thnh ph H Ch Minh;
http://hids.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/xemtin.asp?idcha=1679&cap=3&id=1755

[4] Hong Trng, Chu Nguyn Mng Ngc (2005), Phn tch d liu nghin cu
vi SPSS, Nh xut bn Thng k;



TI LIU THAM KHO BNG TING ANH

[5] Adam (1963), Equity Theory;
http://www.businessballs.com/adamsequitytheory.htm;

[6] Alderfer (1969), ERG Theory: Existence, Relatedness, Growth;
http://www.valuebasedmanagement.net/methods_alderfer_erg_theory.html

[7] Edwin Locke (1976), The nature and causes of job satisfaction. In M.D.
Dunnette (Ed). Handbook of Industrial and Organisational Psychology (p.
1297-1349). Chicago: Rand McNally College Publishing Company;

[8] Hackman & Oldham (1975), A New Strategy for Job Enrichment;
http://groupbrai.wjh.harvard.edu/jrh/pub/JRH1975_7.pdf

[9] Herzberg (1959), Two Factor Theory: Motivation Factors, Hygiene Factors;
http://www.valuebasedmanagement.net/methods_herzberg_two_factor_theory.html

[10] Kreitner & Kinicki (2007), Organizational Behavior. McGraw-Hill.

[11] Maslow (1943), Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory;
http://kalyan-city.blogspot.com/2010/06/maslow-hierarchy-of-needs-theory-of.html

[12] McClelland (1988), Theory of Needs: Achievement, Affiliation, Power;
http://www.netmba.com/mgmt/ob/motivation/mcclelland/
116

[13] Ming-Chang Lee (2007), A Study of Knowledge Alliance Performance
Methodology Through Alliance Capabilities. International Journal of
Computer Science and Network Security, Vol.7 No.7, January 2007;
http://paper.ijcsns.org/07_book/200701/200701A13.pdf

[14] SHRM (2009), 2009 Employee Job Satisfaction. Society for Human Resource
Management (SHRM)
http://www.shrm.org/Research/SurveyFindings/Articles/Pages/2009JobSatisfactionSurveyReport.aspx

[15] Smith PC, Kendall LM, & Hulin CL (1969), The Measurement of Satisfaction
in Work and Retirement, Rand McNally;

[16] Vroom (1964), Expectancy Theory: Motivation and Management;
http://www.valuebasedmanagement.net/methods_vroom_expectancy_theory.html

[17] Weiss DJ, Dawis RV, England GW, Lofquist LH (1967), Minnesota
satisfaction questionnaire short form;

[18] Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, Definition of Job Sactisfaction;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job_satisfaction

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