TRNG I HC BCH KHOA TPHCM KHOA K THUT HA HC B MN CNG NGH THC PHM

ti: Xy dng HACCP cho phn xng sn xut m n lin

GVHD: PGS. TS NG TH ANH O SVTH: 1. V Ngc Trng 2. Phm Vn Dng Lm 3. H Quang Khoa 4. inh Thanh H 5. Lu Hng Mn

I. TNG QUAN V QUY TRNH CH BIN M N LIN:

1. Tng quan v lch s, vai tr ca thc phm m trong i sng x hi: M n lin l loi thc n nhanh p ng c nhu cu nng lng cho con ngi trong iu kin x hi cng nghip, c ng o ngi tiu dng ca mi tng lp lao ng chp nhn v tiu th kh mnh. Cng vi s pht trin ca nn kinh t th trng, sn phm m Vit Nam khng ch gii hn trong phm vi ni a m bc u c xut sang nhiu nc khc trn th gii nh: Nga, Hungary, Php, Ty Ban Nha M n lin c sn xut u tin ti Nht Bn vo nm 1952 v rt c a chung i vi ngi dn Nht Bn trong bi cnh nn kinh t ang phc hi sau hu qu ca bom nguyn t. Dn dn sn phm m lan sang cc nc thuc a v ngy nay c mt trn ton cu. Sn phm m c gia nhp vo Vit Nam vo nhng nm 1956-1966 vi s lng rt hn ch ch yu di hnh thc cung cp cho qun i hoc cho cu tr thin tai, chin tranh. S lng cc my ch bin m ti Vit Nam trc gii phng rt hn ch. Sau gii phng c quc hu ho v c mt thi gian di hot ng trong c ch bao cp cng vi nhng kh khn chung v ngun nguyn liu, thit b thay th nn sn lng v cht lng cha pht trin ng vi nhu cu thc s ca thng trng. Vo nm 1982, vi chnh sch i mi kinh t, Vit Nam m ca hi nhp vi th gii. Nh nc khuyn khch thnh lp x nghip sn xut, to iu kin pht trin khoa hc cng ngh. Nn cng nghip sn xut m n lin Vit Nam bt u hot ng tr li c bit l cc tnh pha nam vi mt s nh my ln vi thit b cng ngh tng i hon chnh nh: Vi Fon, Colusa, Miliket, Bnh Ty. Nhu cu tiu th tng r rt t nm 1988 v thc n nhanh thch hp cho tc phong cng nghip m mang li tnh kinh t cao. Tuy nhin s pht trin khng ng u do c qu nhiu c s ch bin l t th cng gy ra s xo trn cht lng trong th trng ni a. Ngy nay do nhu cu xut khu cng nh tiu th ni a tng cao. Trong cnh tranh trn th trng gi c tn tui ring cho sn phm ca mnh, cc nh sn xut bn cnh vic cnh tranh v gi c, cnh tranh v cht lng c quan tm hng u.

Cho nn hin nay cht lng m ngy cng c ci thin, cng ngh ngy cng c ci tin, mu m, chng loi sn phm ngy cng a dng v phong ph. c thm thu nhp v tn ti lu di trn th trng th gii, bn cnh nhng cnh tranh khc, vic cnh tranh v cht lng bao gi cng l yu t hng u. a HACCP vo trong cng ngh ch bin l bin php tch cc trong vic xy dng v bo m cht lng n nh ca thc phm 2. Quy trnh cng ngh ch bin m n lin: M n lin gm c hai dng: dng chin v khng chin. Dng m chin c a chung hn dng m khng chin. Sn phm m n lin qua chin c nhng sp u im hn m n lin qua chin khng nhng sp do sau khi hp tinh bt b h ho tr nn mm do d dnh li vi nhau, khi nhng sp si m c ti ra, d v khun v d chn u v mu sc vt m s p hn.

Bo qun, lu thng phn Bo phiqun, lu thng phn phi

Ph gia (mui, ng, bt ngt, Na2CO3,

Nc Bt m Nho trn Cn th Cn bn tinh Cn tinh Ct si

CMC...) Pha nc trn bt

Hi nc

Hp chn Qut ro Ct nh lng

Nc lo

Phun nc lo V khun Sa khuon Chin

Bt nm du

Lm ngui M nguyn vt ng gi V thng

M chnh phm

Du shortenin g M vn b

Phn loi

V bao

M th phm

3. Thuyt minh dy chuyn cng ngh: a. Chun b nguyn liu Bt m: Bt m s dng trong sn xut m n lin thng l loi bt thng hng hoc loi mt. Bt c lm sch bng cch loi tp cht (st, ct sn, rc, cn trng v cht thi cng nghip), nh lng ri a vo sn xut. Chun b nc trn Nc trn c chun b trn nhng nguyn liu c bn: Nc, mui n, ng, bt ngt, bt sp, CMC, mu thc phm Cc ph gia c ho tan trong thng khuy, sau c bm ln bn cha trn i trn bt v c bm nc vo cho lng. Tu theo cht lng bt m lng nc c th thay i t nhiu sao cho khi bt sau khi trn t m theo yu cu mong mun (thng thng khong 30-40%). Chun b nc sp: Thnh phn nc sp ch yu l: Nc Gia v: bt ngt, mui, hnh, ti, ng, ribonucleic, t Bt sp vi hng v khc nhau tu theo loi sn phm. Hng v a vo sn phm c th l hng g, tm, cua, btu thuc yu cu sn phm. b. Trn bt: Qu trnh ny vi mc ch to ra khi bt nho c ng nht. cc giai on sau c tin hnh tt, nc, gia v, ph gia phi c phn phi ng u trong khi bt nho. Yu cu k thut ca khi bt nho sau khi trn phi m u, do dai. Nu bt qu nho s b kt dnh vo trc cn p gy kh khn cho qu trnh cn. Nu bt qu kh, khi cn cc tm bt d b t khc. Do vic gim st cht ch liu lng nc trn vo

thi gian trn l cn thit. Thng thng thi gian trn khong 15-20 pht, m ca khi bt sau khi trn khong 30-33%.

Hnh 1: M hnh thit b nho trn bt m c. Cn bt-ct si: Bt sau khi trn c phn phi u cho h thng my cn. Cn bt: Mc ch qu trnh ny nhm to ra nhng l bt c kch thc theo yu cu, khi to hnh si m c ng u v tng ng nht ca khi bt nho v gim bt lng khng kh bn trong bt.

Hnh 2: M hnh thit b cn m

Hnh 3: My cn bt

 Ct si Mc ch ct si nhm to hnh cho si m theo kch thc mong mun, kt hp vi h thng bng ti to ra sng cho si m. Qu trnh ct phi qua nhiu cp nhm gim lng nc t do, tng lng nc thm vo m (gm gluten v tinh bt), tinh bt s hp th nc lm cho si m dai hn, ng thi kch thch l m khng b gim t ngt, gim ti trng ca my. Yu cu qu trnh ny l l bt sau khi cn phi c b dy theo ng yu cu, b mt l bt c bng phng v nhn bng. L bt sau khi ct phi c kch thc ng quy nh, khng dnh chm v c qun ng nht theo yu cu.

Hnh 4: My ct si d. Hp chn M sau qu trnh ct si c chuyn sang thit b hp bng bng ti. Qu trnh hp nhm lm chn si m, c nh cu trc ca si, h ho si, to dai. Yu cu k thut ca qu trnh l sau khi hp si m phi chn u (h ho 85-90%), khng qu sng, khng nho, khng b dnh li.

Hnh 5: M hnh thit b hp

Hnh 6: Thit b hp e. Ct nh lng Sau qu trnh hp chn si m c a vo ct nh lng nh my ct c vn tc dao c tnh ton cho ph hp vi nng sut dy chuyn v vn tc bng ti. Mc ch ca qu trnh l to hnh cho vt m, ct bng m thnh tng ming c kch thc v trng lng theo yu cu. Mc ch ca qu trnh l to hnh cho vt m, ct bng m

thnh tng ming c kch thc v trng lng theo yu cu. Yu cu ca qu trnh ny l dao ct phi to c nhng nht ct gn, ct la c ton b bng m. TRng lng v kch thc ca ming m sau khi ct phi ng nht.

Hnh 7: My ct nh lng f. Nhng sp v lm ro: Qu trnh nhm lm tng cht lng ca si m, lm ra tri lp nha o ngoi gip si m ti ra, khng b chai cng, mu sc p hn khi c chin v d v khun Yu cu ca qu trnh l sau khi nhng sp, si m phi mm mi khng b kt dnh, khng b bin dng. M sau qu trnh nhng sp c a qua h thng lm ro bng bng ti v qut ro bt nc trc khi v khun. g. V khun M sau khi nhng sp v lm ro c xp vo khun nhm to hnh dng ng nht cho vt m, c nh vt m trong qu trnh chin. h. Qu trnh chin: Mc ch ca qu trnh ny l lm gim m ca si m, thay th mt phn nc trong si m bng cht bo, lm tng thm gi tr dinh dng cho m, to thm mi v, mu sc, lm chn dn si m, lm tng thi gian bo qun. Qu trnh c thc hin trong iu kin du chin c b sung lin tc v tun th theo thi gian v iu kin nhit thch hp quy nh trc. hn ch qu trnh oxy ho du v lm tng thi gian bo qun sn phm, mt lng nh cht chng oxy ho c th c b sung vo trong du. Yu cu k thut ca qu trnh ny l sau khi chin vt m phi c vng u c hai mt, khng b m sng, khng b i kht.

Hnh 8: M hnh thit b chin

Hnh 9: Thit b chin

i. Lm ngui-tch du: M vt sau qu trnh chin c bng ti a qua h thng lm ro v c thi ngui. Mc ch ca qu trnh ny l loi bt lng du bm trn b mt si m, lm ngui nhit vt m sau khi chin lp du b mt kh li. Sau khi c lm ngui bng ti s a nhng vt m qua giai on phn loi. Nhng vt m dt yu cu s c a vo ng gi, nhng vt m khng t s c loi ra cho nhng mc ch thng mi khc.

Hnh 10: M hnh thit b lm ngui

Hnh 11: Thit b lm ngui j. ng gi Vt m c ng vo gi cng vi cc gi bt nm v cc gi gia v c ch bin, c ng gi v chun b trc tu theo yu cu sn xut. Mc ch ca qu trnh ny l m bo c yu cu v sinh, yu cu bo qun trong tng tr v lu thng phn phi, to ra sn phm hon chnh ti tay ngi tiu dng. Yu cu k thut ca qu trnh ng gi l bao b phi kn, ng chng loi cng bt trn bao b. Bao b s dng phi p, an ton v mt v sinh, tun th cc quy nh v mu m, nhn hiu cng b trn thng trng. Sau khi ng gi, cc gi m c bng ti a n khu vc xp vo thng, ng thng v xut xng.

Hnh 12: Thit b ng gi 4. Nguyn liu sn xut chnh trong cng ngh sn xut m. Nguyn liu sn xut m n lin l bt m, shortening cng vi mt s nguyn liu ph khc nh bt ngt, mui, ng, bt sp, gia v, ph gia a. Bt m: Bt m c sn xut m thng l bt m c sn xut t ht la m trng. Bt m c nhiu loi nhng thng thng ngi ta s dng loi bt thng hng v loi 1. Bt a vo ch bin thng phi l bt tt, tho mn cc iu kin: - Mu sc: Trng c trng ca bt m - Mi v: phi c mi v thm c trng, khng c v l. - m: <9%. - Tp cht: khng c tp v c, tp kim loi, khng c xc ng vt, tp cht c ngun gc ng vt, cn trng. - chua: 3.5 (ml NaOH 1N/100gr bt) - Gluten t: >28% - cng t: >18cm - Tro: <0.75% cht kh. b. Nc Cht lng nc dng trong sn xut rt quan trng v nh hng trc tip n cht lng sn phm. Nc c s dng trong ch bin phi hi cc tiu chun nh nc dng ung theo Q BYT 505-1992:

Trong sut v khng c mi v l, cc cht hu c, v c, cc kim loi nng u phi nm trong gii hn cho php theo quy nh. Khng c php c vi sinh vt gy bnh. Khng c php c s hin din ca ho cht tr su, cc kim loi nng trc tip gy c cho ngi. c. Du shortening Du shortening l loi du c tinh luyn, hydro ho, nhm lm gim ni i ca mch axit bo, gim bt s oxy ho trong qu trnh bo qun ng thi ko di c thi gian s dng. Du shortening c tnh cht c l tt hn du tinh luyn dng lng. c im ca du shortening: - C nhit nng chy cao, bn nhit cao. - C cng cn thit v tan chy tt. - Nhit trng hp cao, t b hi hoc tr mi - Kh b oxy ho hn cc loi du lng - C kh nng kh ho cao khi cho thm vo 4-6% mono hay Glycerid. M c chin bng du shortening c hnh thc cm quan v cht lng tt hn nhiu so vi du tinh luyn. Si m s c kh ro, du khng b thm ra ngoi, thi gian bo qun c lu hn gim c s oxy ho ca khng kh. Du dng trong n xut m phi t cc tiu chun sau: - Mu sc b mt: Trng c, xp, khng b chy - Mi v: - Khng b hi, chau - Tp cht khng c tp cht l - Hm lng nc v cc cht bay hi: 0.1-0.5% - Phn ng Kreiss: m tnh - Nhit ng c :30-40oC - Mu (theo thang 12):<5 - Ch s axit:<5(mgKOH/1g du) - Ch s peroxide:<5(ml Na2S2O3)

- Ch tiu vi sinh: khng c vi khun gy bnh, khng c nm mc. - Kim loi nng: theo yu cu v sinh ca b y t d. Cc cht ph gia: Trng: Bn cnh vic lm tng thm gi tr dinh dng, hng v cho sn phm. Protein lng trng trng ho tan trong nc c tnh to gel, to bt, lm bn nh tng. Lng trng c lecithine thuc nhm nh ho c tnh cht lm chm s thoi ho ca tinh bt. Mui: Mui nhm to v mn ca sn phm, lm tng dai ca gluten lm si m gy nt. Nhng nu nhiu mui qu s c tc dng ngc li lm chp ca gluten tng qu mc, nh hng n cht lng sn phm ng thi s lm si m mn. Thng thng lng mui s dng khong 1-2%. Gia v: Cc thnh phn ch yu l: bt ngt, ng, bt sp, tiu, hnh, ti, t...Cc gia v c phi ch vo thnh phn ca nc trn, nc sp thnh gia v chun b sn v c ng gi vo tng gi bt nm. Tu theo loi sn phm m ngi ta mun phi trn cc thnh phn khc nhau to hng v ring cho gi m. Ho cht, cht ph gia: Mt s ho cht c php s dng trong thc phm c cho vo nhm lm tng hiu qu cht lng sn phm. Quy nh v s dng ho cht phi : - Khng c gy c hi cho ngi s dng - Khng lm cho sn phm c mi l - Khng lm gim dinh dng ca sn phm ch bin - Sn phm chuyn ho cng khng gy c cho ngi s dng - Khng gy ra h hi cho bao b, thit b v dng c ch bin CMC (cacboxyl Methyl Cellulose):

c dng vi hm lng khong 0.5-1% nhm lm tng dai ca si m. Nc tro: L dng dung dch kim NaOH, KOH, Na 2CO3 c pha ch vi t l khc nhau c tc dng lm tng dai ca si m, tng qu trnh h ho, gim s thoi ho cu trc tinh bt. Phm mu: Thng l l mu Tartrazin thuc nhm mu tng hp c php dng trong thc phm nhm to mu hp dn cho sn phm ng thi lm tng thm gi tr cm quan. 5. Cc s c v thit b , cng ngh trong qu trnh sn xut thng gp a. Cc s c thit b: Cc s c v thit b lm nh hng rt ln n nng sut v hnh dng bn ngoi ca sn phm, lm tng t l ph phm. Cc s c thng l h hng c kh. Nhng h hng nh thng l bng ti b ngng mt cng on , vn tc cc cng on khng ng b, my ng gi b trc trc...Nhng h hng ln hn l mt cn b r, dao ct b mn, xch ti b t, phng hp b x hi, thng li hay li ti b gin. Thng thng cn phi c s theo di xc nh ng s c c bin php sa cha kp thi. Cc s c v cng ngh gy nh hng rt quan trng n cht lng sn phm. S c v nguyn nhn rt a dng, do cn phi tm hiu xc nh ng nguyn nhn a ra bin php khc phc kp thi. S c thng gp l: Bng 1: S c thit b v nguyn nhn Cc s c Si m khng dai Nguyn nhn Bt xu Pha trn khng ng liu lng Thi gian trn khng Thiu hi Thiu nhit cho chin

L m qua my cn khng u

Bt xu Trn bt cha t iu chnh my cn cha ng L cn c s c Trn bt khng u Dao ct, lc gt bt b hng Kt hp bng m Bng ti ai qu nhanh Lng hi khng Hp qu chn L m cn qu mng Dao ct qu nhanh Hp qu chn Nc sp pha ch khng t yu cu Cht lng bt khng tt, mu thc phm s dng khng ng liu lng, phm mu thiu cht lng. Nhit du chin cha t Thi gian chin khng thch hp Nhit du chin Thi gian chin khng thch hp Cht lng du chin xu Cht lng bt km Cht lng du chin km Qut lm ngui khng cng sut Bt trn cn khng u M chn khng u Lc m trong khun du Np khun y qu st M cha ro ht nc sp Nhit du chin b mt v y cho khng u nhau

Si m qua dao ct b t hoc bt dnh vo nhau, si m b n li Hp khng chn Si m bt dnh vo nhau M ct ming thiu trng lng M t ht nc sp, m b lt M chin b nht mu

M chin b m mu

M b t u

M b m trng

M vng khng u hai mt

Bao gi khng kn Gi m b r r du ra ngoi

Giy ng gi khng t yu cu kn My ng gi b trc trc Gi du, gi gia v b r r do sai st trong qu trnh ng gi Mu m, kch c, thiu thng tin v sn phm theo quy nh yu cu ca lut nh (ngy sn xut, hn s dng) Bao km cht lng v v sinh: bao b d, c mi hi, c c t hu c v kim loi nng gy hi thi ra r vt liu lm bao b. Giy ng gi khng t yu cu kn My ng gi b trc trc M qu lu ngoi khng kh Khng kh trong khu vc ng gi c m cao

Bao gi khng ng quy cch

Bao gi khng t yu cu v v sinh

M ng gi khui ra b u

II. S mt bng nh my:

X l nc thi

V sinh N Thay N

Khi Vn Phng

Thay Nam V sinh Nam Nh xe my Nh xe hi

Khu vc Sn Xut
Khu nhp Nguyn liu
X L Nc Sn Xut

Vi Sinh QC Cm Quan Lu Mu

Thnh Phm
Bo V

Bo v

III. Thit lp HACCP cho cng ngh sn xut m n lin

Cc s c v thit b lm nh hng rt ln n nng sut v hnh dng bn ngoi ca sn phm. Cc s c cng ngh li gy nh hng rt quan trng n cht lng sn phm v thng l h hng sn phm hng lot. S c v nguyn nhn rt a dng do cn phi tm hiu v xc nh ng nguyn nhn a ra bin php khc phc kp thi. c th tm kim ng nguyn nhn v c bin php ngn chn kp thi, vic thng xuyn theo di cc yu t ri ro c th xy ra mt cch c h thng v thng xuyn l

cn thit. p dng HACCP vo cng ngh sn xut s gip chng ta thc hin c vn ny. C th phn chia cc k hoch HACCP ca h ra thnh nhiu loi: - Cc vn v an ton thc phm (theo yu cu lut nh) - Cc vn v cht lng sn phm (theo yu cu ca khch hng).

IV. Cc nguyn tc c bn ca HACCP v cc iu kin ph hp vi HACCP

1. By nguyn tc c bn ca HACCP: Nguyn tc 1: Tin hnh phn tch cc mi nguy him. Lp danh sch cc mi nguy him tm nng lc cn l nguyn liu cho n lc thnh phm Nguyn tc 2: Xc nh im kim sat chnh yu (CCPs) trong qu trnh ch bin Nguyn tc 3: Thit lp cc gii hn kim sot chnh yu i vi mi CCP Nguyn tc 4: Thit lp mt h thng gim st cho mi CCP Nguyn tc 5: Lp cc hnh ng khc phc khi gii hn ca im kim sot chnh yu b ph v. Nguyn tc 6: Thit lp cc qui trnh thm nh. Cc bin php thm nh v nh gi, cc th tc v cc th nghim vic thm nh thng xuyn phi y c th khng nh rng h thng HACCP ang hot ng mt cch hiu qu. Nguyn tc 7: Thit lp h thng lu h s v ti liu Vic thc hin HACCP da trn 7 nguyn tc nu trn v c trin khai qua 12 bc. Trnh t cc bc c minh ha qua biu sau

12 bc
1 2

Lp ra nhm HACCP
M t sn phm

Xc nh mc ch s dng d nh

Thit lp qui trnh sn xut

Thm nh to ch qui trnh sn xut

By nguyn tc ca HACCP Nguyn tc 1

Lp ra danh sch tt c nhng mi nguy him tim nng phn tch ri ro, xc nh cc bin php kim sot o lng

Xc nh CCPs

Nguyn tc 2

Thit lp gii hn ti hn cho mi CCP

Nguyn tc 3

Thit lp mt h thng gim st cho mi CCP

Nguyn tc 4

10

Thit lp cc hot ng khc phc cho nhng lch hc c th xy ra Thit lp qui trnh thm nh

Nguyn tc 5

11

Nguyn tc 6

12

Thit lp h thng lu h s v ti liu

Nguyn tc 7

V. Thnh lp nhm HACCP

1. Thnh lp nhm HACCP- Cc chng trnh hun luyn h tr: - Nhm c thit lp bao gm nhng ngi c lin quan n m hnh HACCP, n qu trnh thc hin, qu trnh sa i v thm nh ca HACCP. Gm c: - Nhm trng: gim c k thut hoc gim c sn xut - Cc thnh vin: Tr l gim st cho sn xut Ngi gim st cht lng dy chuyn sn xut Ngi gim st sn xut Ngi gim st cht lng thc phm Ngi gim st cht lng thit b - Cc v tr khc: Mi thnh vin trong nhm u c hun luyn y kin thc h tr cho chng trnh HACCP, v cc bc thc hin trong m hnh HACCP ca cng ngh ch bin thc phm ti nh my mnh. Ty theo nhim v ca mi c nhn trong nhm m vic hun luyn c th tp trung theo cc ni dung sau: - HACCP - Sn phm - Nguyn liu - V sinh an ton - My thit b - Ha sinh, vi sinh - Kho hng C th xy dng mt tp hp cc chng trnh hun luyn ang xen nh sau:

Trng Gim

Gim

Gim

Ph

Gim

Gim

Gim

nhm

st sn xut

st liu x

st cht trch th

st v sinh

st kho

st thit b

nguyn lng x x x x

HACCP x Sn x phm Nguyn liu V sinh My thit b Ha sinh, vi sinh Kho x x x x x

x x x x x

nghim x x x x x x

x x

x x x x

x x

x x x x x

x x x

cha Cc yu x cu khc

nh k nh gi li v b sung HACCP di s gim st ca c nhm trong s tham kho cc ci tin ca k thut cng ngh thc phm trong nc v th gii Cc d liu ti hn cn c ghi nhn hng ngy v c thm nh bi ngi c kinh nghim, c nng lc chuyn mn v quyn hn c ch nh trc t chnh phn xng nhm HACCP 2. Trch nhim nhm HACCP: Gim c iu hnh: Ch nh my hoc l ngi c trch nhim cao nht ra chin lc HACCP cho nh my v h tr cc hot ng ca k hoch HACCP

 Xt duyt k hoch HACCP tng th sau khi gim c x nghip cng vi i HACCP xem xt li k hoch ny Xem xt, cho kin, cp ngn sch v tha thun v cng vic kinh doanh v hng pht trin ca nh my. iu hnh ton b cc hot ng ca nh my v h tr cc hot ng ca k hoch HACCP Gim c sn xut: Qun l v iu hnh hot ng sn xut v thnh phm iu hnh hot ng ca k hoch HACCP v iu phi cc hot ng HACCP vi cc thnh vin trong i HACCP Gim st i HACCP v cc hot ng HACCP. Xem xt lp k hoch HACCP tng th vi cc thnh vin i HACCP trc khi chuyn ln gim c iu hnh xin ph duyt ln cui Tr l Trng Phng Kim Tra Cht Lng (QC) Bo co trc tip vi Gim c Sn Xut Chu trch nhim v kim sot cht lng cc hot ng sn xut trong dy chuyn (ngha l t khu tip nhn n khu gi hnh i) v kim nghim thnh phm bao gm c vic lu gi v gii phng l hng thnh phm Nghin cu v pht trin sn phm mi. Chu trch nhim gii quyt cc khiu ni khch hng/ngi tiu dng v xut vic thu hi sn phm. Chun b cc ti liu HACCP v cc h s lin quan n k hoch HACCP ri bo co ln iu Phi Vin i HACCP Xem xt li cc h s HACCP Xem xt li k hoch HACCP cng vi cc thnh vin ca i HACCP

 Gim St Vin Kim Tra Cht Lng Dy Chuyn Sn Xut: Bo co cho Tr L Trng Phng Kim Tra Cht Lng Kim tra cc dy chuyn ch bin t khu tip nhn nguyn liu cho n khi gi hng i v gim st cc kim vin vin kim tra, ghi nhn v x l thch hp. Gim st cc kim nghim vin QC hon thnh cc nhim v ch nh r trong k hoch HACCP Xem xt li mt s cc h s v kim tra cht lng Hiu chun mt s trang thit b c lin quan n chng trnh HACCP Gim St Vin Qun L Cht Lng Phng Th Nghim Bo co ln Tr L Trng Phng Qun L Cht Lng Chu trch nhim nh gi thnh phm trong phng th nghim (kim tra cm quan, phn tch l, ha v vi sinh) Chu trch nhim v cc phn tch ha v vi sinh ni chung Xem xt li mt s cc h s ca kim tra cht lng (QC). Gim st nhn vin phng th nghim hon thnh cc nhim v lin quan n k hoch HACCP v SSOP Trng Phng Sn Xut: Bo co trc tip cho gim c sn xut Chu trch nhim v qui trnh sn xut v thc hin chng trnh HACCP Gim st cc hot ng sa cha trong dy chuyn sn xut khi c vn . Np cc bo co kt qu sn xut cho gim c sn xut Xem xt k hoch HACCP cng vi thnh vin i HACCP Gim St Sn Xut:

 Gim st vic sn xut hng ngy trong xng Xem xt bt c vn no ny sinh trong sn xut, sau bo co cc vn xy ra ln Trng Phng Sn Xut Ra ch th v hng dn cho nhn vin di quyn trong dy chuyn sn xut tun th chng trnh HACCP v ch th ca Trng Phng Sn Xut. Xem xt li k hoch HACCP cng vi cc thnh vin i HACCP K S Trng Bo co trc tip ln Gim c Sn Xut Chu trch nhim v sa cha cc phng tin my mc nu c vn Bo tr cho ton b cc my mc thit b, cc phng tin h tr qu trnh sn xut v duy tr iu kin v sinh tt cho nh my Gim St K Thut iu hnh v kim tra my mc v cc trang thit b ln, sau bo co cho K S Trng ngh ln K S Trng t mua cc ph tng d tr cho my mc thay th hay sa cha my khi cn Phi hp vi K S Trng phn tch cc kh nng pht trin hiu qu s dng cc thit b. Tr gip K S Trng h tr thc hin chng trnh HACCP va SSOP Trng Kho Bo co trc tip cho Gim c Sn Xut Chu trch nhim v lu tr v kim sot tn kho thnh phm, nguyn liu, nhn v thng cac-ton. Chu trch nhim v vic bao b sn phm, ng thng v nhp xut hng vo kho. Gim St Kho

 Gim st nhn vin kho khi xp thnh phm vo kho, bo co tn kho thnh phm ln Trng Phng Sn Xut v Gim c Sn Xut Gim St Thu Mua Nguyn Liu Bo co ln Gim c Thu Mua Tip xc vi ngi bn nguyn liu v mua nguyn liu Gim c Marketing Bo co ln Tng Gim c Chu trch nhim v tip th sn phm v cc n t hng Sp xp lch phn phi u ra v iu phi vic xp hng vo nh my Cng phi hp vi Gim c Sn Xut v Trng Phng Kim Tra Cht Lng/Nghin Cu Pht Trin gii quyt cc khiu ni ca khch hng hay ca ngi tiu dng.

VI. M T Sn Phm Xc nh Mc ch S Dng

Bng 2: M t sn phm Sn phm Chi tiu Sn phm M chin n lin hng tm, g , cua, chay (ng gi cng vi cc gi gia v trong bao giy Kcraft hoc PP hoc hp nha) Hnh 13: m: 5.0% Hnh 14: Hm lng cht bo: 1520% cht kh Hnh 15: Hm lng protit: 10% cht kh Hnh 16: Hm lng nit tng s ca gi gia v: 2.0% cht kh Hnh 17: Hm lng NaCl trong vt m: 4.0% cht kh Hnh 18: Hm lng tro khng tan trong acid HCl: 0.1% cht kh Hnh 19: Ch s axit: 2.0 mg KOH/g Hnh 20: Ch s peroxide: Hnh 21: + Trong vt m: 0.4 ml Na2S2O3 0.002N/g

+ Trong du sa t: 0.5 ml Na2S2O3 0.002N/g

Cch s dng v i tng s dng Vt liu bao gi v iu kin ng gi Thi gian luu tr Ni tiu th sn phm Hng dn khuyn khch ghi trn nhn iu kin vn chuyn,

s dng phi km theo bt nm. Cc gi bt nm c ch bin ring. C th qua x l nhit hoc khng qua x l nhit. C th c dng nh thc phm n nhanh. (Nhit lm chnh vt m khng cao lm v khng tiu dit cc vi sinh vt gy bnh) i tng: Mi i tng trong x hi. M c ng gi vo cc bao giy Kraft, bao PP hoc hp nha. Nguyn liu bao b c th nhp trc tip, in n c gia cng ti th trng ni a hoc mua li t cc nh sn xut bao b uy tn trong nc. Trng lng gi m c th 85g hoc 75gty thuc yu cu n hng v th trng tiu th. Cc gi m c ng vo thng carton 30 gi. 6 thng k t ngy sn xut

- Th trng ni a - Th trng bn ngoi nc: Chu u, ng u, Chu Cch dng.

- Khng c gi b r du, rch bao - Khng b cn trng gm nhm gy h hng bao gi - Khng tr trong iu kin m t

bo qun Bo qun: trong iu kin nhit thng thng, kh, mt

VII. Phn Tch Cc Mi Nguy

Bng 3: Phn tch mi nguy Nguyn liu/ cng on ch bin Nc sn xut Sinh hc Mi nguy Xc nh mi nguy tim n c a vo, c kim sot hoc gia tng cng on ny. Vi sinh vt C mi nguy ng k no v an ton v sinh khng? (C/ khng) C VSV nh hng n cht lng sn phm. L gii nhn nh v mi nguy tim n. C th p dng cc bin php phng nga no ngn chn cc mi nguy ng k. Kim sot qu trnh x l nc. Kim tra theo tiu chun k thut quy Ha hc D lng ha cht sau x l (NaOH, Cl) Kim loi nng c trong nc. C C D lng ha cht i vo sn phm, nh hng n sc khe ngi tiu dng. Kim loi nng c trong ngun nc, qu trnh x l khng loi b trit , nh hng n sc khe Kim tra theo tiu chun k thut quy nh. X nh. Kim sot qu trnh x l nc. X X G M P H A C C P

Bt m

Vt l Tp cht Sinh VSV gy bnh, nm hc mc c c trong bt m.

Khng C

ngi tiu dng. Nguyn liu bt c th nhim vi sinh vt, b m trong iu kin vn chuyn, bo qun, nm mc c c th pht trin gy h hng bt, nh bt. Vi sinh vt nh hng ti sc khe ngi tiu dng.

- Cc vi sinh vt nhim vo s b loi tr trong qu trnh ch bin - Cc c t khng b loi tr Kim sot ngun cung cp). Kim tra theo tiu chun k thut quy nh. D lng thuc tr su khng th b loi tr trong cc qu trnh ch bin tip Kim sot ngun (cam kt ca nh cung cp).

hng n cht lng (cam kt ca nh

Ha hc

Kim loi nng, c t afltoxin. D lng thuc tr su.

- D lng thuc tr su trn ht la m - D lng kim loi nng c mt trong qu trnh vn chuyn v bo qun gy hai cho sc

- D lng thuc mi theo

khe ngi tiu dng Cc mi nguy ny nu khng b loi trong qu trnh x l s c kh nng nh hng ti sc khe Vt l Tp cht: ct, , kim loi, rc, vt l, cn trng , mi mt. C

Kim tra theo tiu chun k thut quy nh.

ngi tiu dng. - Nhim cc vt ngoi - Kim sot ngun lai qua qu trnh ch bin nguyn liu, vn chuyn v bo qun - Ct, st c th lm h hng thit b - Cc vt ngoi lai c th to mi kh chu, gy h hng sn phm Vi sinh vt nh hng ti sc khe ngi tiu dng. (cam kt ca nh cung cp). Kim tra theo tiu chun k thut quy nh.

Ph gia: CMC, nc tro, mui

Sinh hc

Vi sinh vt c trong ph gia.

Kim sot ngun (cam kt ca nh cung cp). Kim tra theo tiu

phosphate, mu thc phm. Ha hc Kim loi nng. C Cc mi nguy ny nu khng b loi trong qu trnh x l s c kh nng nh hng ti sc khe Vt l Tp cht. Sinh Vi sinh vt hc Ha hc Kim loi nng Khng Khng C ngi tiu dng. Mui l mi trng c ch vi sinh vt. Kim loi nng khng b loi tr trong qu trnh x l c kh nng nh hng n sc khe ngi tiu Vt l Tp cht Shortening Sinh Vi sinh vt trong hc shorterning. Khng C dng. Vi sinh vt gy mi i kht.

chun k thut quy nh. Kim sot ngun (cam kt ca nh cung cp). Kim tra theo tiu chun k thut quy nh. Kim tra theo tiu chun quy nh. X X

Mui

Kim sot ngun (cam kt ca nh cung cp). Kim tra theo tiu

chun k thut quy Ha hc Kim loi nng Ch s acid, ch s peroxyde. C nh. Kim loi nng xc tc Kim sot ngun qua trnh oxi ha cht (cam kt ca nh bo, nh hng n cht lng sn phm. Cc ch s acid, peroxyde ca du vo trong sn phm, nh hng n cht Vt l Tp cht Sinh Vi sinh vt trong du hc Khng C lng sn phm. Vi sinh vt gy mi i kht. Vi sinh vt trong sn phm s nh hng ti sc khe ngi Ha hc Kim loi nng Ch s acid, ch s peroxyde. C cung cp). Kim tra theo tiu chun k thut quy nh. tra cht lng du chin. Kim sot ngun (cam kt ca nh cung cp). Kim tra theo tiu chun k thut quy X X

chin cao c th thm Thng xuyn kim

Du thc vt

tiu dng. nh. Kim loi nng xc tc Kim sot ngun qua trnh oxi ha cht (cam kt ca nh bo, nh hng n cung cp).

cht lng sn phm. Kim loi nng nh hng n sc khe ngi tiu dng. Cc ch s acid, peroxyde nh hng n cht lng sn Vt l Tp cht Sinh Vi sinh vt hc Khng C phm. Thit b khng c lm v sinh sch s trc v sau mi ca sn xut VSV nhim t mi trng xung quanh Ha hc Vt l Vt l, rc C Kim loi nng C

Kim tra theo tiu chun k thut quy nh. Thng xuyn kim tra cht lng du chin.

2. Phi trn, nho trn

- Gam st iu kin v sinh an ton cho mi trng xung quanh - Cc VSV ny s b tiu dit qua cc qu

trnh hp, chin Thi nhim t thit b Chn thit b inox dng cho ch bin

thc phm t, ct, rc, vt l c Gim st iu kin v X th t mi trng xung quanh ln vo sinh an ton cho mi trng xung quanh

3. Cn bt v ct si

Sinh hc

Vi sinh vt

b nho bt Thit b khng c lm v sinh sch s trc v sau mi ca sn xut VSV nhim t mi trng xung quanh

- Gm st iu kin v sinh an ton cho mi trng xung quanh - Cc VSV ny s b tiu dit qua cc qu

Ha hc Vt l

Kim loi nng

trnh hp, chin Thi nhim t thit b - Chn thit b thp dng cho ch bin

Vt l, rc, mnh kim loi

thc phm t, ct, rc, vt l c Gim st iu kin v Kh th t mi trng xung quanh ln vo b nho bt Dao ct b m, gy, mn sinh an ton cho mi trng xung quanh - Kim tra dao ct thng xuyn - Cc mnh kim loi c th i vo sn phm sau cng n g

4. Hp

Sinh hc Ha

Vi sinh vt Kim loi nng

Khng Khng

hc Vt l 5. Ct nh Sinh Vi sinh vt lng hc

Khng C

Thit b khng c lm v sinh sch s trc v sau mi ca sn xut VSV nhim t mi trng xung quanh

- Gm st iu kin v sinh an ton cho mi trng xung quanh - Cc VSV ny s b tiu dit qua qu trnh

Ha hc

Kim loi nng

chin Thi nhim t thit b - Chn thit b thp dng cho ch bin thc phm - Kim tra dao ct thng xuyn - Cc mnh kim loi c th i vo sn

Vt l Vt l, rc, mnh kim loi

phm sau cng t, ct, rc, vt l c Gim st iu kin v X th t mi trng xung quanh ln vo b nho bt Dao ct b m, gy, sinh an ton cho mi trng xung quanh - Kim tra dao ct thng xuyn

mn

- Cc mnh kim loi c th i vo sn phm sau cng

6. Nhng sp

Sinh hc Ha

Vi sinh vt -

Khng Khng Khng C

7. V khun

hc Vt l Vt l Sinh Vi sinh vt hc

Vi sinh vt t thit b, Gim st v sinh thit mi trng sn xut. b, mi trng sn xut. Vi sinh vt c th b tiu dit trong cc qu trnh chin.

Ha

Khng C

8. Chin

hc Vt l Sinh Vi sinh vt hc Vt l Cn chy

Do nhit chin cao. Du chin km cht lng, s dng qu nhiu ln, du b ha en. - Thng xuyn kim X tra cht lng du Kim tra theo tiu chun cht lng.

Cht lng

M chin khng t cht lng

Do ch chin (nhit , thi gian) khng thch hp lm m c mu khng u, qu nht hay qu m. Vi sinh vt, cn trng c th nhim vo m t mi trng.

Cng nhn vn hnh v nhn vin QC theo di cht ch nhit v thi gian chin.

9. Lm ngui

Sinh hc

Vi sinh vt, cn trng.

- Gim st v sinh mi trng sn xut. - Vi sinh vt c th xm nhp, pht trin trong sn phm v c phn phi ti ngi tiu dng

Ho

Khng C Vt l c th nhim vo vt m gy nh hng cht lng sn phm. - Gim st v sinh cng nhn - Gim st v sinh mi trng sn xut - Vt l s c ng gi cng vi sn phm v phn phi X

hc Vt l Vt l

n tay ngi tiu dng. 10. ng gi a. Gi gia v: c ch bin t cc loi gia v khc nhau Sinh hc Vi sinh vt C VSV c th tn ti bn trong gi hoc b mt bn ngoi bao gi, cc gi ny s c b vo ti m thnh phm. - Gim st v sinh mi trng sn xut. - VSV nhim vo s c iu kin tn ti v pht trin trn m thnh phm - Thit lp HACCP ring cho cng ngh ch bin cc gi gia Ho Kim loi nng, mu Khng C Vt l c th ri vo sn phm trong qu trnh ng gi, nh sn phm. v - Gim st v sinh mi trng sn xut. - Thit lp HACCP ch bin cc gi gia v. X X

hc thc phm. Vt l Vt l

hng n cht lng ring cho cng ngh

b. Bao b

Sinh hc

Vi sinh vt

Bao b b nhim vi sinh vt.

- Gim st v sinh an ton bao b a vo ng gi. - Bao b nhim, vi sinh vt s pht trin trong gi m thnh phm v gy nh hng trc tip n sc kho ngi tiu

Ho hc

Phm mu, ph gia, kim loi nng trong vt liu lm bao b.

dng. - Bao b c in n t - Gim st tiu chun cc phm mu khng an ton cho bao b s - Vt liu bao b c s hin din qu mc nng khng an ton cho thc phm - Cc nitro anin mch vng c th gy c v sinh bao b dng cho thc phm trc - Kim sot ngun (cam kt ca nh

dng trong thc phm khi a vo ng gi.

cho php cc kim loi cung cp)

v to mi hi cho sn phm c. ng gi, thnh phm Vt l Khng Sinh Vi sinh vt hc C - Thi gian sau khi lm ngui v ko di c th to iu kin cho nhng vi sinh vt t khng kh xm nhp v pht trin trc bao gi. cc gi gia v, bao b. - Gim st v sinh mi trng sn xut. - Khng thi gian ch ng gi ko di. - Thnh phm c nhim vi sinh vt s c lu thng trn hng trc tip n sc kho ngi tiu dng. Ho hc Vt l Vt l Khng C Vt l c th nhim vo vt m gy nh hng cht lng sn phm - Gim st v sinh mi trng sn xut. - Vt l s c ng gi cng vi sn phm v phn phi n tay ngi tiu X X

- Nhim vi sinh vt t th trng v nh

11. Bo qun v lu thng phn phi

Sinh hc

Vi sinh vt, cn trng, gm nhm.

Vi sinh vt, cn trng, gm nhm c th pht trin trong kho gy hng bao b.

dng. Kim sot iu kin bo qun trong kho.

Ho

Khng

Khng Khng

hc Vt l Khng

VIII. XC NH IM TI HN:
Xc nh cc im kim sot ti hn da trn phn tch cc mi nguy v nh gi cc mi nguy qua cc cu hi theo trnh t nhng ni dung sau:

Q1

Ti cng on ny hay cc cng on sau c bin php phng nga i vi cc mi nguy c xc nh khng? C Khng Thay i cng on ch bin, qu trnh hoc sn phm

Kim tra cng on ny c cn thit i vi ATVSTP khng? Khng Khng CCP

Khng

Q2

Cng on ny c loi b hoc gim kh nng xy ra mi nguy xung ti mc chp nhn c hay khng? Khng

Q3

Nhng mi nguy c xc nh c kh nng xy ra vt mc cho php hoc c th tng ti mc khng th chp nhn? C Khng Khng l CCP Ngng

Q4

Cng on tip theo c loi tr c mi nguy hoc gim kh nng xy ra ti mc chp nhn c khng? Khng IM KIM SOT TI HN CCP

Khng phi CCP

Ngng

Bng 4: Xc nh cc im ti hn CCP cho cng ngh sn xut v m n lin (CCPs) Nguyn liu/ cng on ch bin Mi nguy tim n Cu hi 1: C tn ti bin php ngn nga khng? Nu khng: khng l CCP Nu c, tip tc cu hi 2 Cu hi 2: Bc ny c lm loi tr hay lm gim kh nng xy ra ca mi nguy n mc c th chp nhn khng? Nu c: l CCP, tip n ct sau cng Nu khng, tip tc Chin Sn phm khng t cht ng gi lng Gi bt nm khng D kim loi kn Mnh kim loi C Khng C Khng CCP3 C Khng C Khng CCP2 C cu hi 3 Khng Cu hi 3: S nhim bn vi mi nguy nhn din c vt qua chp nhn c hay c th gia tng hn mc khng th chp nhn c? Nu khng: khng l CCP Nu c tip n cu 4 C Cu hi 4: Bc tip theo s loi tr mi nguy hi nhn din hay lm gim ti mc c th chp nhn c Nu khng: CCP Nu c: khng l CCP Khng CCP1 CCP

trong sn phm CCP s Mi nguy ng k Mc gii hn cho mi bin php ngn 1 Chin khng t cht lng Thi gian chin 2 pht 2 Gi bt nm khng kn Bt dnh ln bao b ca gi bt nm nn hn ghp m Ly mu ngu nhin kim tra 30 pht/gi Nhn vin QC C lp v x l Nhm thm nh HACCP (1 ln/tun) Thi gian chin Mc nh Trc khi sn xut nga Nhit chin 160oC Nhit chin c trn cm bin nhit . 30 pht/ln Nhn vin sn xut. Nhn vin QC. Nhn vin sn xut. Chnh nhit bng cch iu chnh lng hi t cung cp. C lp v x l. C lp v x l Nhm thm nh HACCP (1 ln/tun) Ni dung Gim st Phng Tn s php Hnh ng khc Ngi thc hin phc Xc nhn

Sn phm c cha mnh kim loi

khng kn. Mnh kim loi t cc thit b ch bin

Kim sot bng my

Tng sn phm sau ng gi c qua thit b d kim loi

Nhn vin sn xut, QC

C lp v x l

Nhm thm nh HACCP (1 ln/tun)

trong qu trnh d kim loi

Mc Lc
I. TNG QUAN V QUY TRNH CH BIN M N LIN:....................................2 1. Tng quan v lch s, vai tr ca thc phm m trong i sng x hi:. 2 2. Quy trnh cng ngh ch bin m n lin:..............................................3 3. Thuyt minh dy chuyn cng ngh:.....................................................5 a. Chun b nguyn liu...........................................................................5 b. Trn bt:..............................................................................................5 c. Cn bt-ct si:...................................................................................6 d. Hp chn..............................................................................................8 e. Ct nh lng.....................................................................................9 f. Nhng sp v lm ro:.......................................................................10 g. V khun...........................................................................................10 h. Qu trnh chin:.................................................................................10 i. Lm ngui-tch du:...........................................................................12 j. ng gi.............................................................................................13 4. Nguyn liu sn xut chnh trong cng ngh sn xut m...................14 a. Bt m:...............................................................................................14 b. Nc..................................................................................................14 c. Du shortening..................................................................................15 d. Cc cht ph gia:..............................................................................16 5. Cc s c v thit b , cng ngh trong qu trnh sn xut thng gp .................................................................................................................17 a. Cc s c thit b:..............................................................................17 II. S mt bng nh my:........................................................................20 III. Thit lp HACCP cho cng ngh sn xut m n lin..............................20 IV. Cc nguyn tc c bn ca HACCP v cc iu kin ph hp vi HACCP ....................................................................................................................21 1. By nguyn tc c bn ca HACCP:.....................................................21 V. Thnh lp nhm HACCP...........................................................................23 1. Thnh lp nhm HACCP- Cc chng trnh hun luyn h tr:............23 2. Trch nhim nhm HACCP:...................................................................24 VI. M T Sn Phm Xc nh Mc ch S Dng.....................................28 VII. Phn Tch Cc Mi Nguy........................................................................30 VIII. XC NH IM TI HN:.....................................................................43