Hng dn gii chi tit Ha khi A nm 2013_M 374

Thnh ng

P N CHI TIT CHO THI TUYN SINH I HC NM 2013

MN HA HC KHI A M 374
Cho bit nguyn t khi (theo vc) ca cc nguyn t:
H = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35,5; P = 31; Ca = 40;
Cr = 52, Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Ag =108; Ba = 137.
I. PHN CHUNG CHO TT C TH SINH (40 cu, t cu 1 n cu 40)
Cu 1 : Hn hp X gm 3,92 gam Fe, 16 gam Fe2 O3 v m gam Al. Nung X nhit cao trong iu
kin khng c khng kh, thu c hn hp cht rn Y. Chia Y thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn mt
tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long (d), thu c 4a mol kh H2. Phn hai phn ng vi dung dch
NaOH d, thu c a mol kh H2. Bit cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca m l
A. 5,40
B. 3,51
C. 7,02
D. 4,05
p n C
Hng dn:
nFe = 0.07 mol, nFe2O3 = 0.1 mol
- Phn 2 phn ng vi NaOHd sinh a mol kh H2
Al phn ng cn d Fe2O3 ht
- Phn 1 phn ng vi vi H2SO4 sinh 4a mol kh H2 Al sinh a mol v Fe sinh 3a mol
Trong phn 1: nAl = a/1.5 v nFe = 3a
Trong hn hp Y th nAl d = 2a/1.5 v nFe = 6a
- Do Fe2O3 phn ng ht nn nFe lc sau = nFe + 2*nFe2O3 = 0.07 + 0.2 = 6a
a = 0.045 mol
nAl d = 0.06
- Phn ng:
Fe2O3 + 2Al 2Fe + Al2O3
0.1 0.2 mol (Do Al d nn Fe2O3 phn ng ht)
nAl ban u = 0.06 + 0.2 = 0.26 mol m = 7.02 gam
Cu 2: Trong iu kin thch hp, xy ra cc phn ng sau
(a) 2H2SO4 + C 2SO2 + CO2 + 2H2O
(b) H2SO4 + Fe(OH)2 FeSO4 + 2H2O
(c) 4H2SO4 + 2FeO Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 4H2O
(d) 6H2SO4 + 2Fe Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
Trong cc phn ng trn, phn ng xy ra vi dung dch H 2SO4 long l
A. (a)
B. (c)
C. (b)
D. (d)
p n C
Hng dn:
Cc phn ng (a), (c), (d) l ca axit H2SO4 c.
Cu 3: Trong mt bnh kn cha 0,35 mol C2H2 ; 0,65 mol H2 v mt t bt Ni. Nung nng bnh mt
thi gian, thu c hn hp kh X c t khi so vi H 2 bng 8. Sc X vo lng d dung dch
AgNO3 trong NH3 n phn ng hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y v 24 gam kt ta. Hn hp kh
Y phn ng va vi bao nhiu mol Br2 trong dung dch?
A. 0,10 mol.
B. 0,20 mol.
C. 0,25 mol.
D. 0,15 mol
p n D
Hng dn: Dng bi ton v hn hp gm ton cht kh S dng phng php bo ton KL
- Khi lng hn hp: mhh = 0.35*26 + 0.65*2 = 10.4 g
- Bo ton khi lng ta c: mhn hp kh trc = mhn hp kh sau = 10.4 g
- S mol kh lc sau: nkh lc sau = 10.4/(8*2) = 0.65 mol
- S mol kh gim chnh l s mol ca Hiro phn ng (cng vi C 2H2 to thnh C2H4
v C2H6 do Nung nng bnh mt thi gian, ): nH2 p = (0.65 + 0.35) 0.65 = 0.35 mol
- Phn ng to kt ta:
C2H2
C2Ag2
0.1 mol 0.1 mol
1

 Hng dn gii chi tit Ha khi A nm 2013_M 374

Thnh ng

nC2H2 p = 0.35 0.1 = 0.25 mol

- Phn ng cng H2 xy ra:
C2H2 + H2 C2H4 (1)
C2H2 + 2H2 C2H6
x x mol
y 2y mol
- Ta c h phng trnh:
x + y = 0.25 mol
(tng s mol C2H2 phn ng)
2x + y = 0.35 mol
(tng s mol H2 phn ng)
x = 0.1, y = 0.15 mol
- Hn hp Y phn ng vi dung dch Br2:
C2H4 + Br2 C2H4Br2
0.15 0.15 mol
Cu 4: iu kin thch hp xy ra cc phn ng sau:
(a) 2C + Ca CaC2
(b) C + 2H2 CH4
(c) C + CO2 2CO
(d) 3C + 4Al Al4C3
Trong cc phn ng trn, tnh kh ca cacbon th hin phn ng
A. (c)
B. (b)
C. (a)
D. (d)
p n A
Hng dn: Cc phn ng cn li C u th hin tnh oxi ha.
Cu 5: Ln men m gam glucoz to thnh ancol etylic (hiu sut phn ng bng 90%). Hp th
hon ton lng kh CO2 sinh ra vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thu c 15 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m
l
A. 15,0
B. 18,5
C. 45,0
D. 7,5
p n A
Hng dn:
- Phn ng ln men glucoz:
C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 (H = 90%)
- Ta c: nCO2 = nCaCO3 = 15/100 = 0.15 mol
mglucoz = [0.5*nCO2/0.9]*180 = 15 g
Cu 6: Hn hp X gm Ba v Al. Cho m gam X vo nc d, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton, thu c 8,96 lt kh H2 (ktc). Mt khc, ha tan hon ton m gam X bng dung dch NaOH,
thu c 15,68 lt kh H2 (ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 29,9
B. 24,5
C. 19,1
D. 16,4
p n B
Hng dn:
- Khi cho Ba v Al vo nc th Ba p vi nc to thnh OH - v H2, sau Al phn ng
vi OH- to thnh kh H2). Khi cho Ba v Al vo NaOH th Ba v Al phn ng ht hon
ton.
- Ta c nkh (2) = 0.7 mol > nkh (1) = 0.4 mol
phn ng (1) Al cha tan ht do
thiu OH
- Lng OH- thiu ha tan ht Al (1): nOH thiu = nAl cha tan = nH2 t hn/1.5 = 0.3/1.5 = 0.2
mol
nBa(OH)2 thiu = 0.1 mol
- Ta c h phng trnh:
nBa + 1.5*nAl = 0.7 mol ( phn ng 2)
nBa + 0.1 = 0.5*nAl (thiu 0.1mol Ba ha tan ht Al, Ba : Al = 1 :2 )
nBa = 0.1 mol; nAl = 0.4 mol
m = 24.5 g
Cu 7: Khi lng Ag thu c khi cho 0,1 mol CH3CHO phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung
dch AgNO3 trong NH3, un nng l
A. 10,8 gam
B. 43,2 gam
C. 16,2 gam
D. 21,6 gam
2

 Hng dn gii chi tit Ha khi A nm 2013_M 374

Thnh ng

p n D
Hng dn:
- CH3CHO l anehit n chc phn ng trng gng to 2Ag
- Khi lng Ag to thnh: mAg = 108*[2nCH3CHO] = 21.6 g
Cu 8: Cho bt Fe vo dung dch gm AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton,
thu c dung dch X gm hai mui v cht rn Y gm hai kim loi. Hai mui trong X v hai kim
loi trong Y ln lt l:
A. Cu(NO3)2; Fe(NO3)2 v Cu; Fe
B. Cu(NO3)2; Fe(NO3)2 v Ag; Cu
C. Fe(NO3)2; Fe(NO3)3 v Cu; Ag
D. Cu(NO3)2; AgNO3 v Cu; Ag
p n B
Hng dn:
- Dy in ha ca kim loi:
Fe2+ Cu2+
Ag+
Fe3+
- 2 mui to thnh l ca ion c tnh oxi ha yu hn (ly t tri sang): Fe2+ v Cu2+
- 2 KL to thnh l ca KL c tnh kh yu hn (ly t phi sang): Ag v Cu
- Cch khc: loi A do Fe tc dng vi Cu2+, loi C do Cu tc dng vi Fe3+, loi D do Cu
tc dng vi Ag+
Cu 9: Cho 100 ml dung dch amino axit X nng 0,4M tc dng va vi 80 ml dung dch
NaOH 0,5M, thu c dung dch cha 5 gam mui. Cng thc ca X l
A. NH2C3H6COOH
B. NH2C3H5(COOH)2
C. (NH2)2C4H7COOH
D. NH2C2H4COOH
p n A
Hng dn: namino axit = 0.04 mol; nNaOH = 0.04 mol X l amino axit ch c 1 gc COOH
- PTP:
H2N-R-COOH + NaOH H2N-R-COONa + H2O
0.04 mol

0.04 mol
- M H2N-R-COONa = 5/0.04 = 125
R = 42 R = C3H6
NH2C3H6COOH
Cu 10: Cho 1,37 gam Ba vo 1 lt dung dch CuSO4 0,01 M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton, khi lng kt ta thu c l
A. 3,31 gam
B. 2,33 gam
C. 1,71 gam
D. 0,98 gam
p n A
Hng dn:
nCu2+ nSO42- = 0.01 mol; nBa2+ = 0.01 mol nOH- = 0.02 mol
- Phng trnh ion thu gn:
Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4
0.01 0.01
0.01 mol (va )
2+
Cu
+ 2OH Cu(OH)2
0.01
0.02
0.01 mol (va )
mkt ta = mBaSO4 + mCu(OH)2 = 0.01*233 + 98*0.01 = 3.31 g
Cu 11: Khi c chiu sng, hirocacbon no sau y tham gia phn ng th vi clo theo t l mol
1 : 1, thu c ba dn xut monoclo l ng phn cu to ca nhau?
A. isopentan.
B. pentan.
C. neopentan.
D. butan.
p n B
Hng dn:
isopentan c 4 v tr th, pentan c 3, neopentan c 1 v butan c 2.
Cu 12: Oxi ha hon ton 3,1 gam photpho trong kh oxi d. Cho ton b sn phm vo 200 ml
dung dch NaOH 1M n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X. Khi lng mui
trong X l
A. 14,2 gam
B. 11,1 gam
C. 16,4 gam
D. 12,0 gam
p n A
Hng dn: nH3PO4 = nP = 0.1 mol, nNaOH = 0.2 mol
Ta c t l:
nNaOH / nH3PO4 = 0.2 / 0.1 = 2 To mui duy nht Na2HPO4 (0.1 mol)
3

 Hng dn gii chi tit Ha khi A nm 2013_M 374

Thnh ng

Khi lng mui: mNa2HPO4 = 142*0.1 mol = 14.2 g

Cu 13: Cho X l hexapeptit, Ala-Gly-Ala-Val-Gly-Val v Y l tetrapeptit Gly-Ala-Gly-Glu. Thy
phn hon ton m gam hn hp gm X v Y thu c 4 amino axit, trong c 30 gam glyxin v
28,48 gam alanin. Gi tr ca m l
A. 77,6
B. 83,2
C. 87,4
D. 73,4
p n B
Hng dn: nGly = 30/75 = 0.4 mol, nAla = 28.48/89 = 0.32 mol
- t x, y ln lt l s mol ca X v Y, ta c: 2x + 2y = 0.4 mol
2x + y = 0.32 mol
- Ta c: MGly = 75; MAla = 89; MVal = 117; MGlu = 147
MX = (75*2 + 89*2 + 117*2) 18*5 = 472; MY = 75*2 + 89 + 147 18*3 = 332
x = 0.12 mol, y = 0.08 mol
m = 0.12*472 + 0.08*332 = 83.2 g
Cu 14: trng thi c bn, cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Na( Z = 11) l
A. 1s22s22p53s2
B. 1s22s22p43s1
C. 1s22s22p63s2
D. 1s22s22p63s1
p n A
Hng dn: Cu ny cho im TS!!!!
Cu 15: Hn hp X cha ba axit cacboxylic u n chc, mch h, gm mt axit no v hai axit
khng no u c mt lin kt i (C=C). Cho m gam X tc dng va vi 150 ml dung dch NaOH
2M, thu c 25,56 gam hn hp mui. t chy hon ton m gam X, hp th ton b sn phm
chy bng dung dch NaOH d, khi lng dung dch tng thm 40,08 gam. Tng khi lng ca hai
axit cacboxylic khng no trong m gam X l
A. 15,36 gam
B. 9,96 gam
C. 18,96 gam
D. 12,06 gam
p n D
Hng dn:
- Do cc axit u n chc nn ta t CT cc axit l R-COOH, ta c:
nR-COOH = nNaOH = 0.3 mol;
mR-COOH = mR-COONa 22*nNaOH = 25,56 6.6 = 18.96 g
MR-COOH = 18.96/0.3 = 63.2
Axit no n c M < 63.2 l HCOOH hoc CH3COOH
- Bo ton khi lng trong phn ng t chy: nO2 = [mCO2 + mH2O maxit]/32 = 0.66 mol
- Bo ton nguyn t phn ng t chy: 2nR-COOH + 2nO2 = 2nCO2 + nH2O = 1.92 mol (1)
- cho tng khi lng sn phm:
4nCO2 + 18nH2O = 40.08 g (2)
nCO2 = 0.69 mol; nH2O = 0.54 mol n2 axit ko no c 1 = nCO2 nH2O = 0.15 mol
naxit no = 0.3 0.15 = 0.15 mol. (n y c th th vi 2 axit HCOOH v CH3COOH)
- t axit no l CnH2nO2, 2 axit khng no l CmH2m-2 O2, s mol CO2:
nCO2 = n*0.15 + m * 0.15 = 0.69 n + m = 4.6 (vi n = 1 hoc n = 2)
Vi n = 2 m = 2.6 C 1 axit khng no c s C < 2.6 (Loi v ko c axit no tha)
Vi n = 1 m = 3.6 (nhn) m2 axit ko no = 18.96 0.15*46 = 12.06 g
Cu 16: Dung dch axit axetic phn ng c vi tt c cc cht trong dy no sau y?
A. Na, NaCl, CuO
B. Na, CuO, HCl C. NaOH, Na, CaCO3 D. NaOH, Cu, NaCl
p n C
Hng dn: Axit axetic khng phn ng vi NaCl (loi A, D), HCl (loi B), Cu (loi D)
Cu 17: Tn thay th (theo IUPAC) ca (CH3)3C-CH2-CH(CH3)2 l
A. 2,2,4-trimetylpentan
B. 2,2,4,4-tetrametylbutan
C. 2,4,4,4-tetrametylbutan
D. 2,4,4-trimetylpentan
p n C
Cu 18: T nilon-6,6 l sn phm trng ngng ca
A. etylen glicol v hexametyleniamin
B. axit aipic v glixerol
C. axit aipic v etylen glicol.
D. axit aipic v hexametyleniamin
-

 Hng dn gii chi tit Ha khi A nm 2013_M 374

Thnh ng

p n D
Cu 19: Hn hp X gm Na, Ba, Na2O v BaO. Ha tan hon ton 21,9 gam X vo nc, thu c
1,12 lt kh H2 (ktc) v dung dch Y, trong c 20,52 gam Ba(OH) 2. Hp th hon ton 6,72 lt kh
CO2 (ktc) vo Y, thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 23,64
B. 15,76
C. 21,92
D. 39,40
p n B
Hng dn: Quy i hn hp thnh Na (x mol), Ba (ymol) v O (z mol), ta c:
- Phn ng: Na + H2O NaOH + 0.5 H2
Ba + 2H2O Ba(OH)2 + H2
(bn cht phn ng khng i)
O + H2 H2O
- Ta c h phng trnh: 23x + 137y + 16z = 21.9 g
0.5x + y z = 0.05 mol
(s mol kh H2 sn phm cn li)
y = 20.52 / 171 = 0.12 mol (s mol Ba = s mol Ba(OH) 2)
x = 0.14, y = 0.12, z = 0.14 (mol) nOH- = nNaOH + 2nBa(OH)2 = 0.14 + 2*0.12 = 0.38 mol
- Ta c: nCO3- = nOH- - nCO2 = 0.38 0.3 = 0.8 mol < nBa2+ = 0.12 mol
nBaCO3 = 0.08*197 = 15.76 g
Cu 20: Hp cht X c thnh phn gm C, H, O cha vng benzen. Cho 6,9 gam X vo 360 ml dung
dch NaOH 0,5 M (d 20% so vi lng cn phn ng) n phn ng hon ton, thu c dung dch
Y. C cn Y thu c m gam cht rn khan. Mt khc, t chy hon ton 6,9 gam X cn va
7,84 lt O2 (ktc), thu c 15,4 gam CO2. Bit X c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin
nht. Gi tr ca m l
A. 13,2
B. 12,3
C. 11,1
D. 11,4
p n B
Hng dn: nNaOH p = 0.36*0.5/120% = 0.15 mol, nO2 = 0.35 mol, nCO2 = 0.35 mol
- Bo ton khi lng phn ng t chy: mH2O = mX + mO2 mCO2 = 2.7 g nH2O = 0.15 mol
- Bo ton nguyn t O: nO trong X = 2nCO2 + nH2O 2nO2 = 0.15 mol
- Ta c: nC trong X = nCO2 = 0.35 mol, nH trong X = 2nH2 = 0.3 mol
- Lp t l: nC : nH : nO = 0.35 : 0.3 : 0.15 = 7 : 6 : 3
CTPT = CTDGN ca X l C7H6O3
X c 1 lin kt
X c gc -COO
- nX = 6.9 / 138 = 0.05 mol. T l nNaOH / nX = 3:1 X l este ca phenol: HCOOC6H4OH
- Phn ng:
HCOOC6H4OH + 3NaOH HCOONa + C6H4(ONa)2 + 2H2O
0.05 mol

0.1 mol
- Bo ton khi lng trong phn ng: mX + mNaOH = m + mH2O
m = 6.9 + 0.18*40 0.1*18 = 12.3 g
Cu 21: Bit X l axit cacboxylic n chc, Y l ancol no, c hai cht u mch h, c cng s
nguyn t cacbon. t chy hon ton 0,4 mol hn hp gm X v Y (trong s mol ca X ln hn
s mol ca Y) cn va 30,24 lt kh O2, thu c 26,88 lt kh CO2 v 19,8 gam H2O. Bit th tch
cc kh o iu kin tiu chun. Khi lng Y trong 0,4 mol hn hp trn l
A. 17,7 gam
B. 9,0 gam
C. 11,4 gam
D. 19,0 gam
p n C
Hng dn: nO2 = 1.35 mol; nCO2 = 1.2 mol; nH2O = 1.1 mol
- S CTB = nCO2 / nhh = 1.2 / 0.4 = 3 X v Y c 3C Ancol c dng C3H8Oz (ancol no)
- S HTB = 2nH2O / nhh = 2*1.1/0.4 = 5.5 X l axit c s H < 5.5, n chc ( v Y c 8H)
X l C3H4O2 hoc C3H2O2.
bi cho s mol ca X ln hn Y. S H trung bnh gn X hn X l C3H4O2
- Ta c h phng trnh:
nX + nY = 0.4 mol
2nX + 4nY = 1.1 mol
5

 Hng dn gii chi tit Ha khi A nm 2013_M 374

Thnh ng

nX = 0.25 mol; xY = 0.15 mol

- Bo ton nguyn t O trong phn ng chy: 2nX + z*nY +2nO2= = 2nCO2 + nH2O
z = 2 Ancol Y l C3H8O2 mY = 0.15*76 = 11.4 g
Cu 22: Tin hnh cc th nghim sau
(a) Sc kh etilen vo dung dch KMnO4 long.
(b) Cho hi ancol etylic i qua bt CuO nung nng.
(c) Sc kh etilen vo dung dch Br2 trong CCl4.
(d) Cho dung dch glucoz vo dung dch AgNO3, trong NH3 d, un nng.
(e) Cho Fe2O3 vo dung dch H2SO4 c, nng.
Trong cc th nghim trn, s th nghim c xy ra phn ng oxi ha - kh l
A. 5.
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
p n D
Hng dn: Cc phn ng oxi ha kh: a, b, c, d
a) CH2=CH2 + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O 3HOCH2-CH2OH + 2MnO2 + 2KOH
b) C2H5OH + CuO CH3-CHO + Cu + H2O
c) CH2=CH2 + Br2 CH2Br-CH2Br
d) C6H12O6 + 2AgNO3 + 2NH3 + H2O OHCH2-[CH-OH]4- COOH + 2Ag + 2NH4NO3
Cu 23: Cho s cc phn
ng:
t0
t0, CaO
X + NaOH
(dung
dch)
Y
+
Z;
Y
+
NaOH
(rn)
T + P;
15000C
t0, xt
T
Q + H2 ;
Q + H2 O
Z.
Trong s trn, X v Z ln lt l
A. HCOOCH=CH2 v HCHO
B. CH3COOC2H5 v CH3CHO
C. CH3COOCH=CH2 v CH3CHO
D. CH3COOCH=CH2 v HCHO
p n C
Hng dn: T phn ng phn hy ca T 15000C T l CH4, Q l C2H2
- T phn ng iu ch ra T Y l CH3COONa X c dng CH3COO- Loi A
- Phn ng: C2H2 + H2O CH3CHO (Z) X l CH3COOCH=CH2 (p n C)
Cu 24: ng vi cng thc phn t C4H10O c bao nhiu ancol l ng phn cu to ca nhau?
A. 3
B. 5
C. 4
D. 2
p n C
Hng dn: Cng thc s ng phn CnH2n+2O2 = 2n-2
( 1< n<6)
- Ancol no, n chc c dng R-OH. S ng phn ca gc R l 2 n-2 = 22 = 4 p
1) C4H9OH
2) C3H6(CH3)-OH
3) CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-OH
4) CH3-(OH)C(CH3)-CH2-OH
Cu 25: Cho m gam Fe vo bnh cha dung dch gm H2SO4 v HNO3, thu c dung dch X v
1,12 lt kh NO. Thm tip dung dch H2SO4 d vo bnh thu c 0,448 lt kh NO v dung dch Y.
Bit trong c hai trng hp NO l sn phn kh duy nht, o iu kin tiu chun. Dung dch Y
ha tan va ht 2,08 gam Cu (khng to thnh sn phm kh ca N +5). Bit cc phn ng u xy ra
hon ton. Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,40
B. 4,20
C. 4,06
D. 3,92
p n C
Hng dn: S phn ng
Fe
Fe2+
NO3

NO
Cu
Cu2+
- Bo ton electron cho qu trnh phn ng: 2nFe + 2nCu = 3nNO
nFe = [3*(0.05 + 0.02) 2*0.0325] / 2 = 0.145 mol mFe = 4.06 g

 Hng dn gii chi tit Ha khi A nm 2013_M 374

Thnh ng

Cu 26: Lin kt ha hc gia cc nguyn t trong phn t HCl thuc loi lin kt
A. cng ha tr khng cc
B. ion
C. cng ha tr c cc
D. hiro
p n C
Hng dn:
- Cc cht c lin kt CHT c cc: HX, SO2, NH3, H2O, CO2 (phn t CO2 ko phn cc)
- Cc cht c lin kt CHT ko cc: X2, ankan, anken, ankin.
Cu 27: Thc hin cc th nghim sau
(a) Cho dung dch HCl vo dung dch Fe(NO3)2
(b) Cho FeS vo dung dch HCl.
(c) Cho Si vo dung dch NaOH c.
(d) Cho dung dch AgNO3 vo dung dch NaF.
(e) Cho Si vo bnh cha kh F2.
(f) Sc kh SO2 vo dung dch H2S.
Trong cc th nghim trn, s th nghim xy ra phn ng l
A. 6
B. 5
C. 4
D. 3
p n B
Hng dn: Cc phn ng xy ra: a, b, c, e, f
a) 3Fe2+ + 4H+ + NO3- 3Fe3+ + NO + 2H2O
b) FeS + HCl FeCl2 + H2S (CuS, PbS th ko tan)
c) Si + 2NaOH + H2O Na2SiO3 + 2H2 (SiO2 ch tan trong kim nng chy)
e) Si + 2F2 SiF4
( t0 thng ch tc dng vi F2)
d) SO2 + 2H2S 3S + 2H2O
Cu 28: Ha tan hon ton m gam Al bng dung dch HNO3 long, thu c 5,376 lt (ktc) hn hp
kh X gm N2, N2O v dung dch cha 8m gam mui. T khi ca X so vi H 2 bng 18. Gi tr ca m
l
A. 17,28
B. 19,44
C. 18,90
D. 21,60
p n D
Hng dn: Dng bi KL c tnh kh mnh nh Al, Mg tc dng vi HNO3 (hoc H2SO4)
cn ch sn phm c th c mui NH4NO3.
- Ta c h:
nN2 + nN2O = 0.24 mol
28nN2 + 44nN2O = 0.24*18*2 g
nN2 = 0.12 mol; nN2O = 0.12 mol
- Bo ton electron cho phn ng: 3nAl = 10nN2 + 8nN2O + 8nNH4NO3
3*m/27 = 10*0.12 + 8*0.12 + 8*nNH3NO3 nNH3NO3 = m/72 0.27 (mol)
- Khi lng mui to thnh: mmui = mAl(NO3)3 + mNH3NO3
8m = 213*(m/27) + 80*( m/72 0.27) m = 21.6 g
Cu 29: Cho hn hp X gm 0,01 mol Al v a mol Fe vo dung dch AgNO 3 n khi phn ng hon
ton, thu c m gam cht rn Y v dung dch Z cha 3 cation kim loi. Cho Z phn ng vi dung
dch NaOH d trong iu kin khng c khng kh, thu c 1,97 gam kt ta T. Nung T trong
khng kh n khi lng khng i, thu c 1,6 gam cht rn ch cha mt cht duy nht. Gi tr
ca m l
A. 8,64
B. 3,24
C. 6,48
D. 9,72
p n D
Hng dn:
- Do Al3+ tan trong OH-d. Nung kt ta T (hidroxit ca Fe3+, c th c Fe2+) trong
khng kh chc chn to thnh Fe2O3.
7

 Hng dn gii chi tit Ha khi A nm 2013_M 374

Thnh ng

Ta c: nFe2O3 = 0.01 mol nFe ban u = 0.02 mol

Ta c h:
nFe2+ + nFe3+ = 0.02 mol
90*nFe2+ + 107*nFe3+ = 1.97 g
nFe2+ = nFe3+ = 0.01 mol
- Bo ton electron: 3nAl + 2nFe2+ + 3nFe3+ = nAg to ra
m = 108*(3*0.01 + 2*0.01 + 3*0.01) = 8.64 g
Cu 30: Cht no sau y khng to kt ta khi cho vo dung dch AgNO3?
A. HCl
B. K3PO4
C. KBr
D. HNO3
p n D
Hng dn:
- AgNO3 + HCl
AgCltrng
+ HNO3
- 3AgNO3 + K3PO4
Ag3PO4vng + KNO3
- AgNO3 + KBr
AgBrvng
+ HNO3
Cu 31: Phenol phn ng c vi dung dch no sau y?
A. NaCl.
B. KOH.
C. NaHCO3.
D. HCl.
p n B
Hng dn: Phenol tc dng c vi kim, kim loi kim, nc Brom
C6H5OH + KOH C6H5OK + H2O
Cu 32: Cho cc cn bng ha hc sau:
2HI (k).
N2O4 (k).
(a) H2 (k) + I2 (k)
(b) 2NO2 (k)

2NH3 (k).
(c) 3H2 (k) + N2 (k)

2SO3 (k).
(d) 2SO2 (k) + O2 (k)

nhit khng i, khi thay i p sut chung ca mi h cn bng, cn bng ha hc no trn

khng b chuyn dch?
A. (a).
B. (c).
C. (b).
D. (d).
p n A
Hng dn: Thay i p sut khng lm chuyn dch cn bng khi tng s mol kh tham gia
bng tng s mol kh to thnh.
a) 2 2 (khng chuyn dch)
b) 2 1
c) 4 2
d) 3 - 2
Cu 33: Kim loi st tc dng vi dung dch no sau y to ra mui st(II)?
A. CuSO4.
B. HNO3 c, nng, d.
C. MgSO4.
D. H2SO4 c, nng, d.
p n A
Hng dn:
- Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4
+ Cu
- Fe + 6HNO3
Fe(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O
- Fe khng phn ng c vi MgSO4
- 2Fe + 6H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
Cu 34: Ha tan hon ton 1,805 gam hn hp gm Fe v kim loi X vo bng dung dch HCl, thu
c 1,064 lt kh H2. Mt khc, ha tan hon ton 1,805 gam hn hp trn bng dung dch HNO 3
long (d), thu c 0,896 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Bit cc th tch kh u o iu
kin tiu chun. Kim loi X l
A. Al.
B.Cr.
C. Mg.
D. Zn.
p n A
Hng dn: nH2 = 0.0475 mol; nNO = 0.04 mol
a. TH1: Kim loi X khi tc dng vi HCl v HNO3 u to ra 1 sn phm oxi ha.

 Hng dn gii chi tit Ha khi A nm 2013_M 374

Thnh ng

Khi tc dng vi HCl th Fe cho sn phm oxi ha l Fe 2+, cn khi tc dng vi HNO3
cho sn phm l Fe3+. S mol e chnh lch gia 2 phn ng:
ne chnh lch = 3nNO 2nH2 = 3*0.04 2*0.045 = 0.025 mol = nFe
mX = 1. 805 56*0.025 = 0.405 g
- S mol H2 do X sinh ra l: nH2 do X = 0.0475 0.025 = 0.0225 mol
X 0.5n H2
0.045/n 0.0225 (mol)
MX = 0.405 / (0.045/n) = 9n Kim loi M l Al (n = 3)
Cu 35: Cc cht trong dy no sau y u to kt ta khi cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong
NH3 d, un nng?
A. vinylaxetilen, glucoz, anehit axetic.
B. glucoz, imetylaxetilen, anehit axetic.
C. vinylaxetilen, glucoz, imetylaxetilen.
D. vinylaxetilen, glucoz, axit propionic.
p n A
Hng dn: Cc cht to tc dng vi AgNO 3/NH3 to kt ta: hp cht c nhm -CHO
(anhit, glucozo, mantozo), este ca axit fomic, cht c ni 3 u mch (ankin)
Cu 36: Tin hnh in phn dung dch cha m gam hn hp CuSO 4 v NaCl (hiu sut 100%, in
cc tr, mng ngn xp), n khi nc bt u b in phn c hai in cc th ngng in phn,
thu c dung dch X v 6,72 lt kh (ktc) anot. Dung dch X ha tan ti a 20,4 gam Al2 O3. Gi
tr ca m l
A. 25,6.
B. 23,5
C. 51,1.
D. 50,4.
p n C
Hng dn: Dd X ha tan c Al2O3 X cha Al(OH)3 (CuSO4 thiu, NaCl d, kh to
thnh Anot l Cl2) hoc cha H2SO4 (NaCl thiu, CuSO4 d, kh to thnh Anot l Cl2 v O2).
a. TH1: X cha Al(OH)3 (CuSO4 thiu, NaCl d, kh to thnh Anot l Cl2)
2NaOH + Al2O3 2NaAlO2 + H2O
0.4
0.2 (mol)
- Phn ng in phn sau khi CuSO4: 2NaCl + 2H2O 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2
0.4 0.2 mol
- Phn ng in phn lc u: 2NaCl + CuSO4 Cu + Cl2 +
Na2SO4
0.1
0.3 0.2 = 0.1 (mol)
- Khi lng hn hp ban u: m = 160*nCuSO4 + 58.5*(2nCl2) = 51.1 g
Cu 37: Cht no sau y khi un nng vi dung dch NaOH thu c sn phm c anehit?
A. CH3-COO-C(CH3)=CH2.
B. CH3-COO-CH=CH-CH3.
C. CH2=CH-COO-CH2-CH3.
D. CH3-COO-CH2-CH=CH2.
p n B
Hng dn: Este thy phn trong mi trng kim to ra anehit c dng R-COO-CH=C-R
Cu 38: Dung dch no sau y lm phenolphtalein i mu?
A. glyxin.
B. metylamin.
C. axit axetic.
D. alanin.
p n B
Hng dn: Nhng cht c tnh baz mnh lm dd phenolphtalein chuyn sang mu hng.
Cu 39: Cho 0,1 mol tristearin (C17H35COO)3C3H5 tc dng hon ton vi dung dch NaOH d, un
nng, thu c m gam glixerol. Gi tr ca m l
A. 27,6.
B. 4,6.
C. 14,4.
D. 9,2.
p n D
Hng dn: (C17H35COO)3C3H5
+ 3NaOH 3 C17H35COONa + C3H5(OH)3
- Ta c: nglixerol = ncht bo = 0.1 mol mglixerol = 0.1*92 = 9.2 g
-

 Hng dn gii chi tit Ha khi A nm 2013_M 374

Thnh ng

Cu 40: Dy cc cht u tc dng c vi dung dch Ba(HCO3)2 l:

A. HNO3, Ca(OH)2 v Na2SO4.
B. HNO3, Ca(OH)2 v KNO3.
C. HNO3, NaCl v Na2SO4.
D. NaCl, Na2SO4 v Ca(OH)2.
p n A
Hng dn:
- Gc Ba2+ c th tc dng vi CO32-, SO42-, SO3, CrO42-, PO43-, HPO42- Gc HCO3- l gc lng tnh c th tc dng vi: H+, OHII. PHN RING (10 cu)
Th sinh ch c lm mt trong hai phn (Phn A hoc Phn B)
A. Theo chng trnh Chun (10 cu, t cu 41 n cu 50)
Cu 41: Cho X v Y l hai axit cacboxylic mch h, c cng s nguyn t cacbon, trong X n
chc, Y hai chc. Chia hn hp X v Y thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn mt tc dng ht vi Na, thu
c 4,48 lt kh H2 (ktc). t chy hon ton phn hai, thu c 13,44 lt kh CO 2 (ktc). Phn
trm khi lng ca Y trong hn hp l
A. 28,57%
B. 57,14%
C. 85,71%
D. 42,86%
p n D
Hng dn: nH2 = 0.2 mol; nCO2 = 0.6 mol
- Tng s mol kh H2 phn 1:
0.5nX + nY = 0.2 mol (nX, nY l s mol trong mi phn)
- Tng s mol kh CO2 phn 2: nCO2 = n*(nX + nY) = 0.6
vi n l s C ca X v Y
n = 0.6 / (nX + nY) (1)
- Ta c 0.5(nX + xY) < 0.5nX + nY < nX + nY 0.5(nX + xY) < 0.2 < nX + xY
0.2 < nX + xY < 0.4 Th vo (1): 1.5 < n < 3 n = 2
X l CH3COOH v Y l HOOC-COOH; nX = 0.2 mol v nY = 0.1 mol
%mY = 0.1*90/(0.2*60 + 0.1*90) = 42.86%
Cu 42: t chy hon ton hn hp X gm 0,07 mol mt ancol a chc v 0,03 mol mt ancol
khng no, c mt lin kt i, mch h, thu c 0,23 mol kh CO 2 v m gam H2O. Gi tr ca m l
A. 5,40
B. 2,34
C. 8,40
D. 2,70
p n A
Hng dn: S CTB ca 2 ancol: CTB = nCO2= / nancol = 0.23/(0.07 + 0.03) = 2.3
C 1 ancol c s C < 2.3
- TH1: Ancol khng no, c 1 lin kt i c s C < 2.3 Khng c ancol no tha
- TH2: Ancol a chc c s C < 2.3 Ch c th l C2H4(OH)2
- S mol do C2H6O2 to ra: nCO2 = 0.07*2 = 0.14 mol, nH2O = 0.07*3 = 0.21 mol
S mol CO2 do X to ra l 0.23 0.14 = 0.09
S C ca ancol khng no, c 1 lin kt i = 0.09 / 0.03 = 3 C C3H6OH
S mol H2O to ra: nH2O = 0.21 + 0.03*3 = 0.3 mol mH2O = 0.3*18 = 5.4 g
Cch 2:
- Ta suy lun: Ancol khng no, c 1 ni i th to ra nH2O = nCO2. Cn ancol C2H4(OH)2
to ra nH2O = nCO2 + nC2H4(OH)2 (Do C2H4(OH)2 l ancol no)
- Tng s mol H2O = nCO2 + nC2H6O2 = 0.23 + 0.07 = 0.3 mol mH2O = 0.3*18 = 5.4 g
Cu 43: Dy cc cht u c kh nng tham gia phn ng thy phn trong dung dch H2SO4 un
nng l:
A. fructoz, saccaroz v tinh bt
B. saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz
C. glucoz, saccaroz v fructoz
D. glucoz, tinh bt v xenluloz
p n B
Hng dn:
10

 Hng dn gii chi tit Ha khi A nm 2013_M 374

Thnh ng

- Monosaccarit nh glucoz, fructoz khng c kh nng tham gia phn ng thy phn.
Cu 44: Cho cc cp oxi ha kh c sp xp theo th t tng dn tnh oxi ha ca cc ion kim
loi: Al3+/Al; Fe2+/Fe, Sn2+/Sn; Cu2+/Cu. Tin hnh cc th nghim sau:
(a) Cho st vo dung dch ng(II) sunfat.
(b) Cho ng vo dung dch nhm sunfat.
(c) Cho thic vo dung dch ng(II) sunfat.
(d) Cho thic vo dung dch st(II) sunfat.
Trong cc th nghim trn, nhng th nghim c xy ra phn ng l:
A. (b) v (c)
B. (a) v (c)
C. (a) v (b)
D. (b) v (d)
p n B
Hng dn:
- Fe
+ CuSO4 FeSO4
+ Cu
- Sn
+ CuSO4 FeSO4
+ Sn
Cu 45: Cho cc pht biu sau:
(a) Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc, crom thuc chu k 4, nhm VIB.
(b) Cc oxit ca crom u l oxit baz.
(c) Trong cc hp cht, s oxi ha cao nht ca crom l +6
(d) Trong cc phn ng ha hc, hp cht crom(III) ch ng vai tr cht oxi ha.
(e) Khi phn ng vi kh Cl2 d, crom to ra hp cht crom(III).
Trong cc pht biu trn, nhng pht biu ng l:
A. (a), (b) v (e)
B. (a), (c) v (e)
C. (b), (d) v (e)
D. (b), (c) v (e)
p n B
Hng dn:
- Cc oxit ca Crom: CrO l oxit baz, Cr2O3 l oxit lng tnh, CrO3 l oxit axit
- Phn ng trong mi trng kim crom(III) ng vai tr cht kh; cn trong mi trng
axit crom(III) ng vai tr cht oxi ha
Cu 46: Th nghim vi dung dch HNO3 thng sinh ra kh c NO2. hn ch kh NO2 thot ra
t ng nghim, ngi ta nt ng nghim bng:
(a) bng kh.
(b) bng c tm nc.
(c) bng c tm nc vi.
(d) bng c tm gim n.
Trong 4 bin php trn, bin php c hiu qu nht l
A. (d)
B. (c)
C. (a)
D. (b)
p n B
Hng dn: NO2 c tnh axit, ta nn dng kim loi b kh c.
- Phn ng:
2Ca(OH)2 + 4NO2 Ca(NO2)2 + Ca(NO3)2 + 2H2O
Cu 47: Hn hp X gm H2, C2H4 v C3H6 c t khi so vi H2 l 9,25. Cho 22,4 lt X (ktc) vo
bnh kn c sn mt t bt Ni. un nng bnh mt thi gian, thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi
H2 bng 10. Tng s mol H2 phn ng l
A. 0,070 mol
B. 0,015 mol
C. 0,075 mol
D. 0,050 mol
p n C
Hng dn: nX = 1 mol
- Bo ton khi lng cho phn ng gm ton cht kh:
mX = mY nX*mX = nY*MY 1*9.25*2 = nY*10*2 nX = 0.925 mol
- S mol kh gim chnh l s mol H2 phn ng: nH2 = nX nY = 1 0.925 = 0.075 mol
11

 Hng dn gii chi tit Ha khi A nm 2013_M 374

Thnh ng

Cu 48: Trong cc dung dch CH3-CH2-NH2, H2N-CH2-COOH, H2N-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH,

HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH, s dung dch lm xanh qu tm l
A.4
B.1
C. 2
D.3
p n C
Hng dn: Cc cht lm xanh qu tm: amin no; baz ca kim loi kim hoc kim th;
amino axit c s nhm NH2 > COOH; mui ca kim loi kim hoc kim th vi axit yu
- 2 dung dch lm xanh qu tm: CH3-CH2-NH2 v H2N-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH
Cu 49: Cho phng trnh phn ng aAl +bHNO3
cAl(NO3)3 + dNO + eH2O.
T l a : b l
A. 1 : 3
B. 2 : 3
C. 2 : 5
D. 1 : 4
p n D
Hng dn:
- Phn ng: Al + 4HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O
Cu 50: Cho 25,5 gam hn hp X gm CuO v Al2O3 tan hon ton trong dung dch H2SO4 long,
thu c dung dch cha 57,9 gam mui. Phn trm khi lng ca Al2O3 trong X l
A. 40%
B. 60%
C. 20%
D. 80%
p n C
Hng dn: t s mol CuO v Al2O3 ln lt l x, y. Ta c:
CuO CuSO4
Al2O3 Al2(SO4)3
x
x mol
y
y mol
- Ta c h:
80x + 102y = 25.5 g
160x + 342y = 57.9 g
x = 0.255 mol; y = 0.05 mol
%Al = (102*0.05)/(102*0.05 + 80*0.255) = 20%
B. Theo chng trnh Nng cao (10 cu, t cu 51 n cu 60)
Cu 51: Cho phng trnh phn ng:

aFeSO 4 bK 2Cr2O7 cH 2 SO 4 dFe 2 (SO 4 )3 eK 2SO 4 fCr2 (SO 4 )3 gH 2O

T l a:b l
A.3:2
B 2:3
C. 1:6
D. 6:1
p n D
Hng dn: 6FeSO4 + K2Cr2O7 + 7H2SO4 3Fe2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + 7H2O
Cu 52: Cho cc pht biu sau:
(a) x l thy ngn ri vi, ngi ta c th dng bt lu hunh .
(b) Khi thot vo kh quyn , freon ph hy tn ozon
(c) Trong kh quyn, nng CO2 vt qu tiu chun cho php gy ra hiu ng nh knh.
(d) Trong kh quyn, nng NO2 v SO2 vt qu tiu chun cho php gy ra hin tng ma
axit
Trong cc pht biu trn , s pht biu ng l:
A.2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 1
p n D
Hng dn:
- Hg + S HgS (HgS l hp cht duy nht ca Hg khng c)
- Kh freon l CF2-CF2 (gy ph hy tng ozon)
- CO2 l tc nhn chnh gy hiu ng nh chnh.
- Ma axit do NO2 v SO2 to ra.
Cu 53: Cho cc pht biu sau:
(a) Glucoz c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc
12

 Hng dn gii chi tit Ha khi A nm 2013_M 374

Thnh ng

(b) S chuyn ha tinh bt trong c th ngi c sinh ra mantoz

(c) Mantoraz c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc
(d) Saccaroz c cu to t hai gc -glucoz v -fructoz
Trong cc pht biu trn , s pht biu ng l:
A.3
B. 4
C. 2
D. 1
p n A
Hng dn:
- Pht biu a, b, c u ng; cn pht biu d l sai.
- Sa li: Saccaroz c cu to t hai gc -glucoz v -fructoz
Cu 54: Cho 13,6 gam mt cht hu c X (c thnh phn nguyn t C, H, O) tc dng va vi
dung dch cha 0,6 mol AgNO3 trong NH3, un nng , thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to ca
X l :
A. CH3-CC-CHO
B. CH2=CH=CH-CHO
C. CHC-CH2-CHO
D. CHC-[CH2]2-CHO
p n C
Hng dn: nAg = 0.4 mol
- Ta c: nAg to ra < nAgNO3 phn ng X l c cha ni ba u mch (loi A, B)
- T A nhn thy X l anehit n chc nX = 0.5*nAg = 0.2 mol
MX = 13.6 / 0.2 = 68 p n C. X l CHC-CH2-CHO
Cu 55: Peptit X b thy phn theo phng trnh phn ng X + 2H2O 2Y + Z (trong Y v Z l
cc amino axit). Thy phn hon ton 4,06 gam X thu c m gam Z. t chy hon ton m gam Z
cn va 1,68 lt kh O2 (ktc), thu c 2,64 gam CO2 ; 1,26 gam H2O v 224 ml kh N2 (ktc).
Bit Z c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin nht. Tn gi ca Y l
A. glyxin
B. lysin
C. axit glutamic
D. alanin
p n A
Hng dn: nO2 = 0.075 mol; nCO2 = 0.06 mol; nH2O = 0.07 mol; nN2 = 0.01 mol
Trong Z: nC = nCO2 = 0.06 mol; nH = 2*nH2O = 0.14 mol; nN = 2*nN2 = 0.02 mol
- Bo ton s mol O trong Z: nO + 2nO2 = 2nCO2 + nH2O nO trong X = 0.04 mol
- Trong Z: C : H : N :O = nC : nH : nN : nO = 0.06 : 0.14 : 0.02 : 0.04 = 3 : 7 : 1: 2
Z l C3H7NO2 hay CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH (Ala)

Bo ton khi lng trong phn ng chy: mZ + mO2 = mCO2 + mH2O +mN2
mZ = 2.64 + 1.26 + 0.01*28 0.075*32 = 1.78 g nZ = 1.78/89 = 0.02 mol
nH2O = 0.04 mol, nY = 0.04 mol
- Bo ton khi lng trong phn ng thy phn: mX + mH2O = mY + mZ
mY = 4.06 + 0.04*18 1.78 = 3 g
MY = 3/0.04 = 75 (Gly)
Cch 2: Bo ton khi lng mZ = 2.64 + 1.26 + 0.01*28 0.075*32 = 1.78 g
- Trng hp Z l amino axit c 1 nhm NH2 nZ = 2*nN2 = 0.02 mol
MZ = 1.78/0.02 = 89 Z l Ala
- nZ = 1.78/89 = 0.02 mol; nH2O = 0.04 mol, nY = 0.04 mol
- Bo ton khi lng trong phn ng thy phn: mX + mH2O = mY + mZ
mY = 4.06 + 0.04*18 1.78 = 3 g MY = 3/0.04 = 75 (Gly)
Cu 56: Trng hp no sau y khng xy ra phn ng?
-

(a) CH2 CH CH 2 Cl H 2O

(b) CH3 CH2 CH 2 Cl H 2O

t cao,p cao

(c) C6 H5 Cl NaOH ac
0

13

; vi (C6H5- l gc phenyl)

 Hng dn gii chi tit Ha khi A nm 2013_M 374

Thnh ng

t
(d) C2 H5 Cl NaOH

A. (a)
B. (c)
C. (d)
D. (b)
p n D
Hng dn: Gc vinyl halogen (CH2=CH-X ) v gc phenol halogen (C6H5-X) ch xy ra
phn ng thy phn trong mi trng kim, iu kin t 0cao, Pcao.
Cu 57: Trng hp no sau y, kim loi b n mn in ha hc?
A. t dy st trong kh oxi kh.
B. Thp cacbon trong khng kh m.
C. Kim loi km trong dung dch HCl
D. Kim loi st trong dung dch HNO3 long
p n B
Hng dn: iu kin xy ra n mn in ha hc:
- Cc in cc phi khc nhau v bn cht. C th l cp hai kim loi khc nhau, kim loi

phi kim hay kim loi hp cht.

- Cc in cc phi tip xc trc tip hoc gin tip vi nhau qua dy dn.
- Cc in cc cng tip xc vi dung dch cht in li
Cu 58: Cho 12 gam hp kim ca bc vo dung dch HNO3 long (d), un nng n phn ng
hon ton, thu c dung dch c 8,5 gam AgNO3. Phn trm khi lng ca bc trong mu hp kim
l
A. 65%
B. 30%
C. 55%
D. 45%
p n D
Hng dn:

nAgNO3 = 8.5/170 = 0.05 mol nAg = nAgNO3 = 0.05 mol

%Ag = 0.05*108 / 12 = 0.45 = 45%

Cl,d
dungdchNaOH,d
X
Y
Cu 59: Cho s phn ng Cr
t0

Cht Y trong s trn l

A. Na2Cr2O7
p n D

B. Cr(OH)2

C. Cr(OH)3

Hng dn: Chui phn ng:

1. 2Cr + 3Cl2

2CrCl3
2. CrCl3 + 4NaOHd
Na[Cr(OH)4]

D. Na[Cr(OH)4]

+ 3NaCl

Cu 60: Hn hp X gm ancol metylic, ancol etylic v glixerol. t chy hon ton m gam X, thu
c 15,68 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 18 gam H2O. Mt khc, 80 gam X ha tan c ti a 29,4 gam
Cu(OH)2. Phn trm khi lng ca ancol etylic trong X l
A. 46%
B. 16%
C. 23%
D. 8%
p n C
Hng dn: nH2O = 1 mol; nCO2 = 0.7 mol; nCu(OH)2 = 0.3 mol
- Gi s mol CH3OH, C2H5OH, C3H5(OH)3 trong m gam X ln lt l x, y ,z. Ta c:
nCO2 = x + 2y + 3z = 0.7 mol (1)
nH2O = 2x + 3y + 4z = 1 mol (2)
- Trong 80 g X, ta c:
2C3H5(OH)3 + Cu(OH)2

0.6 mol 0.3 mol

Ta c:
C (32x + 46y + 92z) gam X th c
z mol C3H5(OH)3
Theo :
80 gam X
c
0.6 mol C3H5(OH)3
0.6(32x + 46y + 92z) = 80z 19.2x + 27.6y - 24.8z = 0 (3)
T (1), (2), (3) x = 0.05 mol; y = 0.1 mol; z = 0.15 mol.
%C2H5OH = 0.1*46(0.05*32 + 0.1*46 + 0.15*92) = 23%

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