Tp ch Khoa hc HQGHN, Khoa hc T nhin v Cng ngh 23 (2007) 130-134

iu tra hp cht carotenoit trong mt s thc vt ca Vit Nam

H Th Bch Ngc, Trn Th Huyn Nga, Nguyn Vn Mi*
Khoa Sinh hc, Trng i hc Khoa hc T nhin, i hc Quc gia H Ni 334 Nguyn Tri, H Ni, Vit Nam
Nhn ngy 10 thng 3 nm 2006

Tm tt. Carotenoit l mt nhm cc hp cht thc vt th sinh phn b ph bin trong gii thc vt. Chng c bit n nh l cc hp cht c kh nng chng oxi ha do c th c chc nng trong phng chng lo ha, ung th... Chnh v th m ngy nay cc nh khoa hc ang quan tm rt nhiu n kh nng a cc cht ny vo ng dng trong thuc cha bnh hoc thc phm chc nng. T cc bc thm d ban u, chng ti iu tra c thnh phn mt s carotenoit (beta caroten, lutein, lycopen) trong 30 i tng thc vt ph bin Vit Nam bng phng php sc k lng cao p (HPLC). Kt qu cho thy, c mt s mu cha c ba cht trn (nh c chua, hoa hng vng, hoa ip, rau dn cm, l b ng) trong , beta caroten tm thy nhiu trong l u , rau ngt, tht b , rau sam; lutein c nhiu nht trong l inh lng v lycopen th c nhiu nht trong qu c chua.

1. M u Carotenoit l cc sc t t nhin to ra mu vng, da cam, trong rt nhiu cc loi hoa qu (gc, chanh, o, m, cam, nho), rau (c rt, c chua), nm v hoa. Chng cng c mt trong cc sn phm ng vt nh trng, tm hm, c Ngy nay, cc hp cht carotenoit rt c quan tm nghin cu, t c nhng kt qu khng ch v nh hng ca chng ln cc c th sinh vt m cn a ra mt s sn phm thuc v thc phm thuc b sung hng ngy. Beta caroten l tin cht ca vitamin A. Tuy nhin khi b tha thi vitamin A s b

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Tc gi lin h. T: 84-4-5585349 E-mail: muinv@vnu.edu.vn

o thi, cn beta caroten c d tr trong gan n lc cn thit. Beta caroten tham gia v nh hng n mt s qu trnh sinh l trong c th nh tng cng h min dch, ngn nga mt s ung th ng tiu ho [1, 2]Beta caroten c nhiu trong gc, c rt, da , c ci , du ty, b ng Lutein c ngun gc t luteum, theo ting Latinh c ngha l non hong, do ln u tin c pht hin v tch t non hong. Lutein ch yu c mu da cam, thng gp trong nhiu rau qu, nh ng, xoi, khoai lang, b ng, t ngt, ci xon Lutein c kh nng phn ng vi cc gc t do, bo v t bo khi b xi ho, chng ung th da, lo ho da, lo ho thu tinh th, lm gim hin tng x va ng mch [3]. 130

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Lycopen c kh nng bo v t bo khi s xi ho, lycopen cn gp phn vo qu trnh hp th nh sng khi quang hp. Mt s nghin cu gn y xc nh rng lycopen c kh nng lm chm qu trnh pht trin ca ung th tuyn tin lit, rut kt v thc qun [4]. Lycopen phn b kh rng ri trong t nhin, thng gp trong c chua, i, da , u , nho Chnh v vy, vic nghin cu sn xut thuc c ngun gc tho dc mang mt ngha v cng thit thc. Cng nhm mc ch , chng ti tin hnh iu tra mt s hp cht carotenoit trong thc vt Vit Nam.

3. Kt qu v tho lun - Kt qu ph HPLC nh lng beta caroten l u Trong 30 mu thc vt chng ti nghin cu bng HPLC th l u c hm lng beta-caroten cao nht ( peak s 8, hnh 1A).

2. i tng v phng php nghin cu 2.1. i tng - 30 loi thc vt Vit Nam - Cc b phn nghin cu: l, hoa, c v qu bao gm + Hoa: hoa hng vng, hoa tiu mui, hoa ip. + L: Dn cm, dn ta, cn ty, ta t, rau b, hnh l, m , rau ay, l u , dip c, b ng, ngi cu, tng, rau m, rau sam, rau du, l din, l tru khng, rau ngt, inh lng, l mp ng (l bnh t). + Qu, c: Tht mi mt, tht b , tht u xanh, xoi, t vng, c chua (qu chn va, khng nhn). 2.2. Phng php A Mu thc vt c sy kh nhit 65 70oC, sau nghin thnh bt. Ly 10 gam bt ngm chit qua m vi 100 ml n-hecxan, c quay thu cao. Ly 2 mg cao ho tan trong 5 ml h dung mi (gm axeton nitrin: metanol: clorofoc = 70 : 27 : 3) chy HPLC [5-9].

B
Hnh 1. A. Ph HPLC ca l u peak 8 vi thi gian lu l 6,569 pht B. Cu trc beta-caroten.

- Kt qu ph HPLC nh lng lutein ca l inh lng Trong 30 mu thc vt c chng ti phn tch bng HPLC th l cy inh lng c hm lng lutein cao nht (peak thu 2, hnh 2A)

Hnh 2A. Ph HPLC ca l inh lng peak 2 vi thi gian lu l 3,332 pht.

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Hnh 2B. Cu trc lutein.

- Kt qu ph HPLC nh lng lycopen qu c chua Trong 30 mu thc vt chng ti kho st bng HPLC th hm lng lycopen c chua l cao nht (peak 6, hnh 3A).

Hnh 3B. Cu trc lycopen.

- Hm lng % cc hp cht carotenoit (beta-caroten, lutein, lycopen) trong tng s cc cht hp th bc sng 457nm ca cc mu thc vt phn tch bng phng php HPLC. Kt qu phn tch c gii thiu bng 1

Hnh 3A. Ph HPLC ca qu c chua peak 6 vi thi gian lu l 4,742 pht.

Bng 1. Hm lng beta caroten, lutein, lycopen ca cc mu thc vt STT Hm lng % % cc cht carotenoit Mu beta-caroten lutein lycopen Xoi t vng Hoa hng vng Hoa t mui C chua Hoa ip Rau dn cm Rau dn ta Cn ty Rau ta t Rau b L hnh Rau ay L m L u 50.409 28.189 22.658 _ 20.566 17.045 50.688 42.287 28.862 8.582 37.986 20.823 19.541 49.399 57.059 _ _ 18.911 3.436 18.833 1.848 24.663 17.721 19.018 16.359 21.545 33.326 28.988 12.103 11.864 _ 9.269 7.538 9.169 22.483 3.361 3.073 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ STT Hm lng % % cc cht carotenoit Mu beta- caroten lutein lycopen L dip c L b ng L ngi cu L tng L rau m L rau du L din L tru L rau ngt L mp ng L inh lng L rau sam Tht mi mt Tht b Tht u xanh 29.583 35.868 33.032 _ 12.469 52.915 42.57 35.597 50.049 24.642 18.376 55.311 12.733 52.699 _ 25.943 23.598 12.568 11.435 22.188 12.495 21.61 22.961 13.984 6.815 50.762 12.78 14.599 15.208 2.979 _ 6.499 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

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y l kt qu bc u s dng phng php HPLC iu tra nhanh cc cht carotenoit v hm lng ca chng c trong thc vt. Qua bng trn chng ti thy c nhng mu thc vt c c 3 hp cht beta caroten, lutein, lycopen nh: c chua, hoa hng vng, hoa ip, rau dn cm, l b ng. C mu ch c hai cht beta-caroten v lutein nh rau dn ta, cn ty, rau b, l hnh, rau ay, l m , l u , l dip c, l ngi cu,, l rau m, l rau du, l din, l tru khng, l rau ngt, l mp ng, l inh lng, l rau sam, tht mi mt, tht b . C mu li c hai cht lutein v lycopen nh hoa t mui. C mu c hai cht beta-caroten v lycopen nh t vng. C mu ch c betacaroten nh xoi, c mu ch c lutein nh l u tng, tht u xanh. Hm lng beta caroten c nhiu nht l u (57,059%); hm lng lutein c nhiu nht l inh lng (50,762%), hm lng lycopen c nhiu nht qu c chua (22,483%). Tip theo y, chng ti s nghin cu hon thin hn v hot tnh sinh hc cc hp cht carotenoit ca cc thc vt quan tm.

- Hm lng lycopen c nhiu nht qu c chua (22,483%) - Nhng thc vt c c ba hp cht ny vi hm lng cao l rau dn cm, l b ng, hoa ip, hoa hng vng, c chua.

Ti liu tham kho

[1] Lan Phng, Bch khoa ton th v vitamin, mui khong v cc yu t vi lng, NXB Y hc, H Ni, 1999. [2] L Don Din, Cng ngh sau thu hoch thuc ngnh nng nghip Vit Nam trong xu th hi nhp v ton cu ho, NXB Nng nghip, H Ni, 2004. [3] Huy Bch v nnk, Cy thuc v ng vt lm thuc Vit Nam, NXB Khoa hc K thut, H Ni, 2004. [4] Nguyn Thin Lun, L Don Din, Phan Quc Kinh, Cc loi thc phm thuc, thc phm chc nng Vit Nam, NXB Nng nghip, H Ni, 1999. [5] Phm Lun, C s l thuyt sc k lng hiu sut cao, Khoa Ho, Trng i hc Tng hp, H Ni, 1987. [6] T.W. Goodwin, The biochemistry of the Carotenoids, Vol. 1, Plants, Second Edition, Chapman and Hall, London and New York, 1980. [7] J.S. Anadries, Vitamin analysis in body fruits and foodstuffs with high performance liquid chromatography, PhD Thesis, University of Amsterdam, 1989. [8] J.L. Bureau, R.J. Busway, HPLC determination of carotenoids in fruits and vegetables in the United States, J. food Sci, Off. Publ. Inst. food Technol 51 (1986) 128. [9] M.P. Bueno, Determination of retinol and carotene by High performance liquid chromatography, Food Chemistry 59 (1997) 435.

4. Kt lun T nhng thc vt phn tch cho thy: - Hm lng beta caroten c nhiu nht l u (57,059%), ri n l rau sam (55,311%), rau du (52,915%), rau dn cm (50,688%). - Hm lng lutein c nhiu nht l inh lng (50,762%), ri n l hnh (33,326%).

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Study of some carotenoids from some plants in Viet Nam

Ha Thi Bich Ngoc, Tran Thi Huyen Nga, Nguyen Van Mui
Department of Biology, College of Science, VNU, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam

Carotenoids contributing plentifully in vegetation are antioxidants that can treat cancer, anti aging, etc. Thus, they could be used to produce medicine and medical food. From 30 plant samples analyzed by HPLC, we found that there are some plant samples containing beta-carotene or lutein or lycopene. There are five samples containing all three above substances: flowers of Rosa Chinensis Jacq., flowers of Dendrobium superbum Reicho, leaf of Amaranthus viridis L., leaf of Cucurbita pepo L., fruit of Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. The maximum ratio of beta-carotene is 57,059% in leaf of Carica papaya L., lutein is 50,762% in leaf of Polysceas fruiticosa Harms, lycopene is 22,483% in fruit of Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.