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Gio n dy Ph o Ton 7 Nm hc 2012 - 2013

A. Cc bi tp v tnh ton
1. Tnh
1)
1 5 1
2
12 8 3
_


,
2)
1 1
1,75 2
9 18
_


,
3)
5 3 1
6 8 10
_
+

,

4)
2 4 1
5 3 2
_ _
+ +

, ,
5)
3 6 3
12 15 10
_


,
6)
3 3 1 1 1 1
0,375 0,3 0,25 0,2
1,5 1 0,75 6
11 12 3 7 13 3
;
5 5 5 2 2 2 1
7
0,625 0,5 2,5 1,25 1 0,875 0,7
11 12 3 3 7 13 6
A B
+ + +
+
+ +
+ + +
7)
5 5 5
8 3 3
11 8 11
_
+

,
8)
1 9 2
.13 0,25.6
4 11 11

9)
4 1 5 1
: 6 :
9 7 9 7
_ _
+

, ,
2.Tm x bit:
1.
1 1 5 5 1 3 11
a. 3 : x . 1 b. : x
4 4 3 6 4 4 36
1 3 7 1 1 5 2 3
c. 1 x : 3 : d. x
5 5 4 4 8 7 3 10
22 1 2 1 3 1 3
e. x f. x
15 3 3 5 4 2 7
_ _


, ,
_ _
+ + +

, ,
+ +
2.
a) x: 15 = 8: 24 b) 36 : x = 54 :
3
d) 1,56 : 2,88 =
2,6 : x
2,5 : 4x = 0,5 : 0,2
c)
1
3
2
: 0,4 = x :
1
1
7
1 2
:3 :0,25
5 3
x
3 2 3 1
5 7 5 1
x x
x x
+

+ +
1 0,5 2
2 1 3
x x
x x
+ +

+ +
3. a: Tm x bit |x -1| = 2x 5 b: Tm x bit : ||x +5| - 4| = 3
c: Tm x bit: * | 9 - 7x | = 5x -3; * 8x - |4x + 1| = x +2
* | 17x - 5| - | 17x + 5| = 0; * | 3x + 4| = 2 | 2x - 9|
d. Tm x bit:
* | 10x + 7| < 37 * | 3 - 8x| 19 * | x +3| - 2x = | x - 4|
3. Tm x bit
a) (x -1)
3
= 27; b) x
2
+ x = 0; c) (2x + 1)
2
= 25; d) (2x - 3)
2
= 36;
e) 5
x + 2
= 625; f) (x -1)
x + 2
= (x -1)
x + 4
; g) (2x - 1)
3
= -8.
h)
1 2 3 4 5 30 31
. . . . ... .
4 6 8 10 12 62 64
= 2
x
;
4: Tm s nguyn dng n bit
a) 32 < 2
n
< 128; b) 2.16 2
n
> 4; c) 9.27 3
n
243.
5. Cho P =
( 5)
( 6)
( 6)
( 5)
( 4)
x
x
x
x
x
+
+

Tnh P khi x = 7
GV:Nguyn Huy Tn Trng THCS Xun Minh 1
Gio n dy Ph o Ton 7 Nm hc 2012 - 2013
6. So snh
a) 99
20
v 9999
10
; b) 3
21
v 2
31
; c) 2
30
+ 3
30
+ 4
30
v 3.24
10
.
3. Tm x , y, z bit
a)
7 5
;
4 3
z y y x

v 2x + 3y z = 186. b)
z y x z
y x
y
z x
x
z y
+ +

+ +

+ + 1 3 2 1
c)
21 6 10
z y x

v 5x+y-2z=28 d) 3x=2y; 7x=5z, x-y+z=32
e)
5 3
;
4 3
z y y x

v 2x -3 y + z =6. g)
5
4
4
3
3
2 z y x

v x+y+z=49.
h)
4
4
3
2
2
1

z y x
v 2x+3y-z=50. i)
5 3 2
z y x

v xyz = 810.
4: Cho x v y l hai i lng t l thun: x
1
v x
2
l hai gi tr khc
nhau ca x; y
1
v y
2

l hai gi tr tng ng ca y.
a) Tnh x
1
bit x
2
= 2; y
1
= -
4
3
v y
2
=
7
1
b) Tnh x
1
, y
1
bit rng: y
1
x
1
= -2; x
2
= - 4; y
2
= 3.
5: Cho x v y l hai i lng t l thun.
a) Vit cng thc lin h gia y v x bit rng tng hai gi tr
tng ng ca x bng
4k th tng hai gi tr tng ng ca y bng 3k
2
( k 0).
b) Vi k = 4; y
1
+ x
1
= 5, hy tm y
1
v x
1
.
6: (Ton )
a) Hai con g trong 1,5 ngy 2 qu trng. Hi 4 con g trong
1,5 tun bao nhiu qu trng ? (p s: 28 qu)
7: Mi chng trai cu c 10 con c trong 5 pht. Hi vi kh nng
cu c nh vy th 50 chng trai cu c 50 con c trong bao nhiu
pht ?
8: Tm ba phn s ti gin bit tng ca chng bng
63
25
5
t ca chng t l nghch vi
20; 4; 5; mu ca chng t l thun vi 1; 3; 7.
9: Chi vi mt tam gic l 60cm. Cc ng cao c di l 12cm; 15cm; 20cm. Tnh
di mi cnh ca tam gic .
10: Mt xe t khi hnh t A, d nh chy vi vn tc 60km/h th s ti B lc
11gi. Sau khi chy c na ng th v ng hp v xu nn vn tc t gim
xung cn 40km/h do n 11 gi xe vn cn cch B l 40km.
a/ Tnh khong cch AB
b/ Xe khi hnh lc my gi?
GV:Nguyn Huy Tn Trng THCS Xun Minh 2
Gio n dy Ph o Ton 7 Nm hc 2012 - 2013
11: Mt n v lm ng, lc u t k hoch giao cho ba i I, II, III , mi i
lm mt on ng c chiu di t l (thun) vi 7, 8, 9. Nhng v sau do thit b my
mc v nhn lc ca cc i thay i nn k hoch c iu chnh, mi i lm
mt on ng c chiu di t l (thun) vi 6, 7, 8. Nh vy i III phi lm hn so
vi k hoch ban u l 0,5km ng. Tnh chiu di on ng m mi i phi lm
theo k hoch mi.
B. Cc bi ton lin quan n Hm s :
1: Cho hm s y = f(x) = 4x
2
- 9
a. Tnh f(-2);
)
2
1
( f

b. Tm x f(x) = -1
c. Chng t rng vi x R th f(x) = f(-x)
2: Vit cng thc ca hm s y = f(x) bit rng y t l thun vi x theo h s t l
1
4
a. Tm x f(x) = -5
b. Chng t rng nu x
1
> x
2
th f(x
1
) > f(x
2
)
3: Vit cng thc ca hm s y = f(x) bit rng y t l nghch vi x theo h s a =12.
a.Tm x f(x) = 4 ; f(x) = 0
b.Chng t rng f(-x) = -f(x)
4: Cho hm s y = f(x) = kx (k l hng s, k 0). Chng minh rng:
a/ f(10x) = 10f(x)
b/ f(x
1
+ x
2
) = f(x
1
) + f(x
2
)
c/ f(x
1
- x
2
) = f(x
1
) - f(x
2
)
MT PHNG TA
1: th hm s y = ax i qua im A (4; 2)
a. Xc nh h s a v v th ca hm s .
b. Cho B (-2, -1); C ( 5; 3). Khng cn biu din B v C trn mt phng ta , hy cho
bit ba im A, B, C c thng hng khng?
2. Cho cc hm s y = f(x) = 2x v
x
18
) x ( g y
. Khng v th ca chng em hy
tnh ta giao im ca hai th.
3. Cho hm s:
x
3
1
y

a. V th ca hm s.
b. Trong cc im M (-3; 1); N (6; 2); P (9; -3) im no thuc th (khng v cc
im )
4: V th ca hm s
) x x 2 (
3
2
y +

GV:Nguyn Huy Tn Trng THCS Xun Minh 3
Gio n dy Ph o Ton 7 Nm hc 2012 - 2013
C. BIU THC I S - N THC A THC - A THC MT BIN.
CNG V TR A THC MT BIN
1. BIU THC I S
1: Tnh gi tr ca biu thc: A = x
2
+ (- 2xy) -
3
1
y
3
vi |x| = 5; |y| = 1
2 : Cho x - y = 9, tnh gi tr ca biu thc :
x y 3
9 y 4
y x 3
9 x 4
B
+
+

( x -3y; y -3x)
3 : Xc nh gi tr ca biu thc cc biu thc sau c ngha:
a.
2 x
1 x
2

+
; b.
1 x
1 x
2
+

; c.
y 3 xy
c by ax

+ +
d.
1 2 +

x
y x
4 : Tnh gi tr ca biu thc
2 x
2 x 3 x 2
M
2
+
+

ti: a. x = -1; b. |x| = 3
5 : Cho a thc P = 2x(x + y - 1) + y
2
+ 1
a. Tnh gi tr ca P vi x = -5; y = 3
b. Chng minh rng P lun lun nhn gi tr khng m vi mi x, y
6: a. Tm GTNN ca biu thc
10
3
1
) 1 (
2
2

,
_

+ + y x C
b.Tm GTLN ca biu thc
3 ) 1 2 (
5
2
+

x
D
7: Cho biu thc
1
3

x
x
E
. Tm cc gi tr nguyn ca x :
a. E c gi tr nguyn b. E c gi tr nh nht
2. N THC - TCH CC N THC -
Bi 1: Cho cc n thc
y x A
3
15
4

;
3 5
7
3
y x B
.
C cc cp gi tr no ca x v y lm cho A v B cng c gi tr m khng?
Bi 2: Thu gn cc n thc trong biu thc i s.
a.
( ) ( )
3
2 4 2 3 2 3
y x ax axz
2
1
y bx 5 axy
11
6
. y x
9
7
C +
,
_

+
,
_

b.
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2
2 2 2 2 3
7 7 3
2
4 4
4 , 0 . 15
2 . 8 .
16
1
. 3
z y ax y x
x x y x y x
D
n n

,
_

(vi axyz 0)
Bi 3: Tnh tch cc n thc ri cho bit h s v bc ca n thc i vi tp hp cc
bin s (a, b, c l hng)
a.
5
4 3 3
) 1 (
2
1
1
]
1

z y x a
;
b. (a
2
b
2
xy
2
z
n-1
) (-b
3
cx
4
z
7-n
)
GV:Nguyn Huy Tn Trng THCS Xun Minh 4
Gio n dy Ph o Ton 7 Nm hc 2012 - 2013
c.
3
2 5 3 3
4
5
.
15
8

,
_


,
_

z y ax y x a
Bi 4: Cho ba n thc: M = -5xy; N = 11xy
2
; P=
3 2
y x
5
7
. Chng minh rng ba n
thc ny khng th cng c gi tr dng
3. N THC NG DNG. TNG V HIU CC N THC NG DNG
Bi 1: Cho n thc A = 5m (x
2
y
3
)
3
;
9 6
2
y x
m
B
trong m l hng s dng.
a. Hai n thc A v B c ng dng khng ?
b. Tnh hiu A - B
c. Tnh GTNN ca hiu A B
Bi 2: Cho A = 8x
5
y
3
; B = -2x
6
y
3
; C = -6x
7
y
3
Chng minh rng Ax
2
+ Bx + C = 0
Bi 3: Chng minh rng vi nN
*

a/ 8.2
n
+ 2
n+1
c tn cng bng ch s 0
b/ 3
n+3
- 2.3
n
+ 2
n+5
- 7.2
n
chia ht cho 25
c/ 4
n+3
+ 4
n+2
- 4
n+1
- 4
n
chia ht cho 300
Bi 4: Vit tch 31.5
2
thnh tng ca ba ly tha c s 5 vi s m l ba s t nhin
lin tip.
Bi 5: Cho A = (-3x
5
y
3
)
4
; B = (2x
2
z
4
). Tm x, y, z bit A + B = 0
1. Chng minh rng nu a thc f(x) = ax
2
+ bx + c chia ht cho 3 vi mi x th cc h
s a, b, c u chia ht cho 3.
Bi 2: Cho f(x) + g(x) = 6x
4
- 3x
2
- 5 f(x) - g(x) = 4x
4
- 6x
3
+ 7x
2
+ 8x - 9
Hy tm cc a thc f(x) ; g(x)
GV:Nguyn Huy Tn Trng THCS Xun Minh 5
Gio n dy Ph o Ton 7 Nm hc 2012 - 2013
Bi 3: Cho f(x) = x
2n
- x
2n-1
+.....+ x
2
- x + 1 ( xN)
g(x) = -x
2n+1
+ x
2n
- x
2n-1
+....+x
2
- x + 1 (x N)
Tnh gi tr ca hiu f(x) - g(x) ti
10
1
x
Bi 4: Cho f(x) = x
8
- 101x
7
+ 101x
6
- 101x
5
+....+ 101x
2
- 101x + 25.Tnh f(100)
Bi 5: Cho f(x) = ax
2
+ bx + c. Bit 7a + b = 0, hi f(10). f(-3) c th l s m khng?
Bi 6: Tam thc bc hai l a thc c dng f(x) = ax + b vi a, b, c l hng, a 0.
Hy xc nh cc h s a, b bit f(1) = 2; f(3) = 8
Bi 7: Cho f(x) = ax
3
+ 4x(x
2
- 1) + 8 g(x) = x
3
- 4x(bx +1) + c- 3
trong a, b, c l hng.Xc nh a, b, c f(x) = g(x)
Bi 8: Cho f(x) = 2x
2
+ ax + 4 (a l hng) g(x) = x
2
- 5x - b ( b l hng)
Tm cc h s a, b sao cho f(1) = g(2) v f(-1) = g(5)
NGHIM CA A THC MT BIN
Bi 1: Cho hai a thc f(x) = 5x - 7 ; g(x) = 3x +1
a/ Tm nghim ca f(x); g(x) b/ Tm nghim ca a thc h(x) = f(x) - g(x)
c/ T kt qu cu b suy ra vi gi tr no ca x th f(x) = g(x) ?
Bi 2: Cho a thc f(x) = x
2
+ 4x - 5
a/ S -5 c phi l nghim ca f(x) khng?
b/ Vit tp hp S tt c cc nghim ca f(x)
Bi 3: Thu gn ri tm nghim ca cc a thc sau:
a/ f(x) = x(1-2x) + (2x
2
-x + 4)
b/ g(x) = x (x - 5) - x ( x +2) + 7x
c/ h(x) = x (x -1) + 1
Bi 4: Tm a thc f(x) ri tm nghim ca f(x) bit rng:
x
3
+ 2x
2
(4y -1) - 4xy
2
- 9y
3
- f(x) = - 5x
3
+ 8x
2
y - 4xy
2
- 9y
3
Bi 5: Cho a thc P = 2x(x + y - 1) + y
2
+ 1
a/ Tnh gi tr ca P vi x = -5; y = 3
b/ Chng minh rng P lun lun nhn gi tr khng m vi mi x, y
Bi 6: Cho g(x) = 4x
2
+ 3x +1; h(x) = 3x
2
- 2x - 3
a/ Tnh f(x) = g(x) - h(x);
b/ Chng t rng -4 l nghim ca f(x)
c/ Tm tp hp nghim ca f(x)
Bi 7: Rt gn biu thc sau
a/ (3x +y -z) (4x -2y + 6z)
b )K= 2x.(-3x + 5) + 3x(2x 12) + 26x c)

,
_


,
_

5
4
5 2
5
5
7
9
2
6
3
3
2 x x x
x
x
M
Bi 8: Tm x bit: a) x +2x+3x+4x+....+ 100x = -213
b)
6
1
4
1
3
1
2
1
x x
c) 3(x-2)+ 2(x-1)=10 d)
4
2
3
1

+ x x

GV:Nguyn Huy Tn Trng THCS Xun Minh 6
Gio n dy Ph o Ton 7 Nm hc 2012 - 2013
e)
12
11
11
10
10
9
9
8
8
7
7
6
+

+
x x x x x x
f)
14
27
13
38
12
23
11
32 +
+
+

+
+
+ x x x x
g)
13 2 x
h)
3
1
2 8 4 2 3 + x x
i)
3
2
3 5 2 3
1
+ +

x x
k)
2 + x
+
2 x
=3 m) (2x-1)
2
5 =20 n) ( x+2)
2
=
3
1
2
1


p) ( x-1)
3
= (x-1)
q*) (x-1)
x+2
= (x-1)
2
r*) (x+3)
y+1
= (2x-1)
y+1
vi y l mt
s t nhin
Bi 9 . Cho a thc A(x) = -x
3
-5x
2
+7x +2 va B(x) = x
3
+ 6x
2
-3x -7
a) Tnh A(x) +B(x) va A(x) B(x)
b) Chng to x = 1 la nghiem cua A(x) +B(x) nhng khong
phai la nghiem cua A(x).
Bi 10: Cho a thc M(x) = 5x
3
+ 2x
4
x
2
+ 3x
2
x
3
x
4
+ 1 4x
3
a) Tnh M(1) v M(- 1)
b) Chng t a thc M(x) khng c nghim
8: Cho hai a thc: f(x) = 2x
2
(x - 1) - 5(x + 2) - 2x(x - 2) ;
g(x) = x
2
(2x - 3) - x(x + 1) - (3x - 2)
a. Thu gn v sp xp f(x) v g(x) theo lu tha gim dn ca
bin.
b. Tnh h(x) = f(x) - g(x) v tm nghim ca h(x).
Bi 11: Cho cc a thc
F(x) = 4x
2
+ 3x -2 G(x) = 3x
2
- 2x +5 H(x) = x(5x-2)
+3
a) Tnh gi tr ca a thc F(x) ti x = -
2
1
b.Tm x F(x) +
G(x) - H(x) = 0
c.Chng t F(x) - 3x + 5 lun dng vi mi x
Bi 12: Cho cc a thc
A(x) = -1 + 5x
6
- 6x
2
- 5 - 9x
6
+ 4x
4
- 3x
2
B(x) = 2 - 5x
2
+ 3x
4
- 4x
2
+
3x + x
4
- 4x
6
- 7x
a) Thu gn v sp xp cc s hng theo th t gim dn ca bin
b) Tm bc v cc h s ca mi a thc
c) Tm nghim ca a thc C(x) = A(x) - B(x)
d) Tm x a thc M(x) = C(x) + x
2
c gi tr nh nht. Tm
gi tr nh nht
Bi 13: Chng minh rng vi nN
*

a/ 8.2
n
+ 2
n+1
c tn cng bng ch s 0
b/ 3
n+3
- 2.3
n
+ 2
n+5
- 7.2
n
chia ht cho 25
c/ 4
n+3
+ 4
n+2
- 4
n+1
- 4
n
chia ht cho 300
GV:Nguyn Huy Tn Trng THCS Xun Minh 7
Gio n dy Ph o Ton 7 Nm hc 2012 - 2013
Mt s bi ton tng hp hnh hc
1. Cho ABC, cc trung tuyn BM, CN. Trn tia i ca tia MB ly im I sao cho
MB = MI. Trn tia i ca tia NC ly im K sao cho NC = NK. Chng minh rng
a, AMI = CMB b, AI // BC; AK // BC c, A l trung im ca KI
2. Cho ABC , im S nm ngoi ABC v thuc na mt phng b l ng
thng AC khng cha im B; trn cc tia i ca cc tia SA; SB; SC theo th t ly
im D; E; F sao cho SD = SA; SE = SB;
SF = SC. Ni D vi E, E vi F, F vi D. a, Chng minh ABC = DEF.
b, Gi M l im bt k thuc on thng BC; trn tia i ca tia SM ly N sao cho SN
= SM. Chng minh ba im E, F, N thng hng
3. Cho tam gic ABC , v v pha ngoi tam gic cc tam gic vung cn nh A l
BAE v CAF
1) Nu I l trung im ca BC th AI vung gc vi EF v ngc li nu I thuc BC v
AI vung gc vi EF th I l trung im ca BC
2) chng t rng AI = EF/ 2. ( vi I l trung im ca BC )
3) Ga s H l trung im ca EF ,hy xt quan h ca AH v BC.
4. Cho ABC, gi M l trung im ca cnh BC. T A k
AD // BM sao cho AD = BM ( im D v im M nm khc pha so vi cnh AB).
a. CMR: DI=IM t suy ra M,I,D thng hng.
b. Chng minh BD// AM.
5. Cho tam gic ABC ( AB < AC) c AM l phn gic ca gc A.(M
thuc BC).Trn
AC ly D sao cho AD = AB. a. Chng minh: BM = MD
b. Gi K l giao im ca AB v DM .Chng minh: DAK = BAC
c. Chng minh : AKC cn d. So snh : BM v CM.
6: Cho ABC cn ti A, cnh y nh hn cnh bn. ng trung trc ca AC ct
ng thng BC tiM. Trn tia i ca tia AM ly im N sao cho AN = BM
a/ Chng minh rng gc AMC = gc BAC
b/ Chng minh rng CM = CN
c/ Mun cho CM CN th tam gic cn ABC cho trc phi c thm iu kin g?
HD:c/ Ta c CM = CN , CM CN th tam gic CMN vung cn ti C.
Suy ra gc M = 45
0
.Tam gic ACM cn ti M nn ng cao xut pht t M (MK)cng
l ng phn gic.
Nn gc CMK = 45
0
: 2 = 27,5
0
.m tam gic CMK vung ti K suy ra gc KCM = 90
0
-
27,5
0
=62,5
0
.
Vy tam gic cn ABC phi c gc y = 62,5
0
7:Tam gic ABC c AB > AC. T trung im M ca BC v mt ng thng vung
gc vi tia phn gic ca gc A, ct tia phn gic ti H, ct AB, AC lm lt ti E v F.
Chng minh rng: a/ BE = CF
GV:Nguyn Huy Tn Trng THCS Xun Minh 8
Gio n dy Ph o Ton 7 Nm hc 2012 - 2013
b/
2
AC AB
AE
+

;
2
AC AB
BE

c/
2
B

B C

A
E M

8. Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A. K


AH BC
. K HP vung gc vi AB v ko di
c PE = PH. K HQ vung gc vi AC v ko di c QF = QH
1/Chng minh
APE APH, AQH AQF
2/Chng minh E, A, F thng hng v A l trung im ca EF
3/Chng minh BE//CF 4/Cho AH = 3cm, AC = 4cm. Tnh HC, EF
Bi 36. Cho

ABC can tai A (

0
90 A <
), ve BD
GV:Nguyn Huy Tn Trng THCS Xun Minh 9

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