DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ..............................................................................................

i
SURAT PERINTAH KERJA PRAKTEK ............................................................
ii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN .................................................................................
iii
SURAT KETERANGAN TELAH MELAKUKAN KERJA PRAKTEK..........
v
KATA PENGANTAR .............................................................................................
vi
DAFTAR ISI

..............................................................................................
viii

DAFTAR TABEL

..............................................................................................
xi

DAFTAR GAMBAR .............................................................................................

xii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ...........................................................................................
xiv
BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

A. Latar Belakang Masalah ....................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................
1
B. Tujuan Kerja Praktek .........................................................................................
2
C. Manfaat Kerja Praktek .......................................................................................
3
D. Tempat dan Waktu Kerja Praktek ....................................................................
4

E. Pembatasan Masalah ..........................................................................................

4
F. Metode Pengumpulan Data ...............................................................................
5
G. Sistematika Laporan ..........................................................................................
5
BAB II TINJAUAN UMUM PERUSAHAAN
A. Sejarah Umum PT. Indonesia Power ................................................................
7
B. Sejarah PLTA Wonogiri ....................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
9
C. Tujuan dan Manfaat ..........................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
10
D. Lokasi ................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
11
E. Struktur Organisasi ............................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
11
F. Visi, Misi dan Motto...........................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
14
G. Budaya, Filosofi dan Tujuh Nilai Perusahaan IP HaPPPI..................................
....................................................................................................................................
15
H. Makna Bentuk dan Logo.....................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
18
I. Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja ( K3 )...........................................................
....................................................................................................................................
19

BAB III DATA TEKNIK

A. Data Bangunan Sipil...........................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
23
1. Waduk ( Reservoir ).............................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
23
2. Bendungan Utama (Main Dam)...........................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
24
3. Terowongan Pengambilan Air ( Water Way ) .....................................................
....................................................................................................................................
25
4. Power Intake........................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
25
5. Kolam Olakan ( Surge Tank )..............................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
27
6. Pipa Pesat ( Pen Stock ).......................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
27
7. Main Spillway......................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
28
8. Emergency Spillway.............................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
30
9. Power House........................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
30
10. Draft Tube............................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
30
11. Tail Race..............................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................
31
B. Data Mesin..........................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
31
1. Turbin..................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
31
2. Pengendali Turbin ( Governor )..........................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
32
3. Generator ............................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
34
4. Transformator.....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
38
5. Kompresor...........................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
42
6. Battery dan Charger ..........................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
42
7. Diesel Emergency...............................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
42
8. Booster Pump......................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
43
9. Sand Separator....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
44
C. Prinsip Kerja Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air ....................................................
....................................................................................................................................
44

BAB IV SISTEM PROTEKSI GENERATOR

A. Generator.............................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
47
1. Cara Kerja Generator .........................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
48
2. Konstruksi Generator .........................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
48
3. Sistem Eksitasi ...................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
50
B. Sistem Proteksi Generator...................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
51
1. Differential Relay ...............................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
58
2. Differential Ground Relay .................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
62
3. Over Current Relay ............................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
65
4. Over Voltage Relay ............................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
68
5. Loss of Field Relay .............................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
72
6.

Field Ground Relay ............................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................
75
7. Ground Over Voltage Relay ...............................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
77
8. Lock Out Relay ...................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
78
C. Pemeliharaan Relay Proteksi...............................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
79
1. Pemeliharaan Rutin ............................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
79
2. Pemeliharaan Korektif .......................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
81
3. Pemeliharaan Darurat .........................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
82
D. Pengujian Relay Proteksi....................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
54
1. Individual Test ( Pengujian Relay Secara Individual ) ......................................
....................................................................................................................................
82
2. Function Test .....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
83
3. Hasil Pengujian Relay Proteksi di PLTA Wonogiri ..........................................
....................................................................................................................................
83

BAB V PENUTUP....................................................................................................
58
A. Kesimpulan...........................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
58
B. Saran .....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
59
DAFTAR PUSTAKA...............................................................................................
60

DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 UBP PT. Indonesia Power.....................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
8
Tabel 3.4 Rating turbin PLTA Wonogiri...............................................................
....................................................................................................................................
32
Tabel 4.5 Rating relay tipe CAG...........................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
60

Tabel 4.9 Rating relay tipe CWR 2........................................................................

....................................................................................................................................
63
Tabel 4.16 Rating relay tipe KV 13.........................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
70
Tabel 4.21 Rating relay HLF-D...............................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
73
Tabel 4.25 Rating DGF-3........................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
76

DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Lambang PT. PLN (Persero)................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
10
Gambar 2.2 Bidang persegi panjang vertikal...........................................................
....................................................................................................................................
10
Gambar 2.3 Petir dan Kilat......................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
11
Gambar 2.4 Tiga Gelombang..................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
11
Gambar 2.5 Struktur Organisasi..............................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
13
Gambar 3.1 Macam-macam PMT............................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
14
Gambar 3.2 PMT Single Pole..................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
16
Gambar 3.3 PMT Three Pole...................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
17
Gambar 3.4 Proses pemadaman busur api pada SF6 PMT......................................
....................................................................................................................................
18
Gambar 3.5 PMT Satu Katup dengan Gas SF6.......................................................

....................................................................................................................................
19
Gambar 3.6 Proses pemadaman busur api pada PMT Minyak................................
....................................................................................................................................
21
Gambar 3.7 PMT Bulk oil.......................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
22
Gambar 3.8 Low oil Content Circuit Breaker..........................................................
....................................................................................................................................
22
Gambar 3.9 Proses pemadaman busur api pada PMT Udara Hembus (Air Blast).
....................................................................................................................................
24
Gambar 3.10 PMT Udara Hembus / Air Blast...........................................................
....................................................................................................................................
24
Gambar 3.11 Ruang kontak utama (breaking chamber) pada PMT Vacuum...........
....................................................................................................................................
25
Gambar 3.12 PMT dengan Hampa Udara (vacuum).................................................
....................................................................................................................................
26
Gambar 3.13 Proses pemadaman busur api pada PMT Hampa Udara......................
....................................................................................................................................
26
Gambar 3.14 PMT Magnet (magnetic circuit breaker)............................................
....................................................................................................................................
27
Gambar 3.15 Interupting chamber PMT SF6 saat proses pemutusan arus llistrik....
....................................................................................................................................
28
Gambar 3.16 PMT dengan penggerak pegas pilin.....................................................
....................................................................................................................................
29

Gambar 3.17 PMT dengan penggerak pegas gulung.................................................

....................................................................................................................................
30
Gambar 3.18 PMT SF6 dynamic...............................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
31
Gambar 3.19 Diagram mekanisme operasi PMT SF6 dynamic................................
....................................................................................................................................
31
Gambar 3.20 Skematik PMT SF6 dynamic...............................................................
....................................................................................................................................
32
Gambar 3.21 Mekanik penggerak jenis pegas pilin (helical spring).........................
....................................................................................................................................
34
Gambar 4.1 Pemasangan alat pentanahan dan penandaan area kerja dengan garis
merah..........................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
38
Gambar 4.2 Pengukuran tahanan isolasi menggunakan sangkar Faraday...............
....................................................................................................................................
39
Gambar 4.3 Rangkaian pengukuran tahanan isolasi pemutus tenaga......................
....................................................................................................................................
40
Gambar 4.4 Alat ukur tahanan isolasi, KYURITSU model 3123............................
....................................................................................................................................
40
Gambar 4.5 Pemasangan pentanahan local dan pelepasan I/P dan O/P klem.........
....................................................................................................................................
41
Gambar 4.6 Terminal tempat pengukuran tahanan isolasi PMT.............................
....................................................................................................................................
42
Gambar 4.7 Alat ukur tahanan kontak merk PROGRAMA....................................

.............................................................................................................
45
Gambar 4.8 Cara pengamanan pada saat pengukuran tahanan kontak di
switchyard..................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
46
Gambar 4.9 Hasi pengukuran keserempakan PMT (a) ...........................................
....................................................................................................................................
48
Gambar 4.10 Hasi pengukuran keserempakan PMT (b)............................................
....................................................................................................................................
48
Gambar 4.11 Hasi pengukuran keserempakan PMT (c)............................................
....................................................................................................................................
49
Gambar 4.12 Breaker Analyzer.................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
50
Gambar 4.13 Rangkaian uji untuk PMT tanpa closing resistor.................................
....................................................................................................................................
50
Gambar 4.14 Alat ukur tahanan tanah KYURITSU Model 4102..............................
....................................................................................................................................
53
Gambar 4.15 Penggunaan alat ukur tahanan tanah....................................................
....................................................................................................................................
53
Gambar 4.16 Pemeliharaan PMT bagian luar............................................................
....................................................................................................................................
55
Gambar 4.17 Lemari mekanik PMT..........................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
55
Gambar 4.18 Form hasil pemeliharaan Bay 70 KV Semen I G.I Arjawinangun......

....................................................................................................................................
57