CHNG III : LIN KT HA HC

BI 12: LIN KT ION TINH TH ION

I. S HNH THNH ION, CATION, ANION 1) ion, cation, anion a) ion

Nhm 2: 1. Vit cu hnh e ca Cl (Z=17) 2. Tnh s p, s e, s in tch (+), s in tch (-)

Nhm 1: 1. Vit cu hnh e ca Na (Z=11) 2. Tnh s p, s e, s in tch (+), s in tch (-) 3. Nu nguyn t Na nhng 1e, tnh in phn tch cn li.

3. Nu nguyn t Cl nhn thm 1e, tnh in phn tch cn li.

p n:
11Na:

1s22s22p63s1
nhng 1e

C 11p: 11+
11+ 11+

C 11p: 11+ C 11e: 11-

C 10e: 10-

ion dng (cation) NT trung ho in Phn t mang in 1+

17Cl:

1s22s22p63s23p5 C 17p: 17+

17+
nhn 1e

- C 11p: 11+ - C 11e: 11-

C 17e: 18-

ion m (anoin)

NT trung ho in

Phn t mang in 1-

BI 12: LIN KT ION TINH TH ION

I. S HNH THNH ION, CATION, ANION 1) ion, cation, anion a) ion

Nguyn t trung ha v in, khi nguyn t nhng 1. Khi no nguyn tr thnh thnh phn ion ? t mang hay nhn electron th t n tr in gi l ion. C my - C 2. loi ion: loi ion ? * ion dng (cation) * ion m (anion)

BI 12: LIN KT ION TINH TH ION

I. S HNH THNH ION, CATION, ANION 1) ion, cation, anion a) Ion

b) Cation

VD: S to thnh ion Natri

11+
nhng 1e

11+

+ + 1e

Na 22p (2 1)63s1 1s2 2s8

Tn gi:

Na+

(2 8 )
Cation Natri
Cation + Tn kim loi ( km ho tr nu KL c nhiu ha

BI 12: LIN KT ION TINH TH ION

I. S HNH THNH ION, CATION, ANION 1) ion, cation, anion a) Ion

b) Cation

Na
(2 8 1)

Na+ + 1e Cation Natri

Cation + Tn kim loi

Tn gi:

( km ho tr nu KL c nhiu ha tr)
VD: Vit qu trnh hnh thnh cc ion t nguyn t sau v gi tn ion.

Li
(2,1)

Mg
(2, 8, 2)

Li+ + 1e (cation Liti) Mg2+ + 2e (cation Magie)

Al

(2,8,3) M

Al 3+ + 3e (cation Nhm) M n+ + ne

(n = 1, 2, 3)

BI 12: LIN KT ION TINH TH ION

I. S HNH THNH ION, CATION, ANION 1) ion, cation, anion a) Ion b) Cation

Khi tham gia cc phn ng ho hc cc kim loi nhng .. i e lp ngoi cng c c xu hng cu hnh e bn vng ging kh him gn nht (c 2 ion dng hay hoc 8 e lp ngoi cng) to thnh cation . gi l M M n+ + n e (n = 1, 2, 3)
Tn gi: Cation + Tn kim loi
(km ho tr nu KL c nhiu ha tr)

BI 12: LIN KT ION TINH TH ION

I. S HNH THNH ION, CATION, ANION 1) ion, cation, anion a) Ion

b) Cation

c) Anion

VD: S to thnh anion Cl+

nhn 1e

17+

Cl + 22p63s23p5 1s22s (2 8 7)

1e

Clanion clorua

(2 8 8 )

Tn gi: anion + tn gc aixt ( tr ion O2-)

BI 12: LIN KT ION TINH TH ION

I. S HNH THNH ION, CATION, ANION 1) ion, cation, anion a) Ion

b) Cation

c) Anion

Cl
(2 8 1)

1e

Clanion clorua
( tr ion O2 - )

Tn gi: Anion + Tn gc axit

VD: Vit qu trnh hnh thnh cc ion t nguyn t sau:

F
(2,7)

+ 1e F (anion florua) + 2e S 2(anion sunfua)

(2,5) M +

+ 3e N 3(anion Nitrua) ne M n+

S
(2, 8, 6)

(n = 5, 6, 7)

BI 12: LIN KT ION TINH TH ION

I. S HNH THNH ION, CATION, ANION 1) ion, cation, anion a) Ion b) Cation

c) Anion

Trong phn ng ho hc t cu hnh e bn vng ca kh him, cc nguyn t phi kim c xu hng nhn e tr thnh .. ion m hay cn gi l .. anion ..

+ ne (n = 5, 6, 7)

M n+

Tn gi:

Anion + Tn gc axit ( tr ion O2 -)

BI TP S 2 :

1. Tm ra im ging v khc nhau gia cc ion sau:

a) Na+ v NH4+
b) - -v -b) Cl Cl vNO NO 33

p n:
1. Na+ v NH4+ u mang in tch dng. Na+ : ion to nn t 1 nguyn t. NH4+ : ion to nn t 2 nguyn t. 2. Cl- v NO3- u mang in tch m. Cl- : ion to nn t 1 nguyn t.

NO3- : ion to nn t 2 nguyn t.

Kt lun: ion Na+ v Cl - l ion n nguyn t ion NH4+ va ion NO3- l ion a nguyn t

BI 12: LIN KT ION TINH TH ION

I. S HNH THNH ION, CATION, ANION 1) ion, cation, anion 2) Ion n nguyn t - Ion a nguyn t

- Ion n Th nguyn no lt ion l n ion to nguyn nn tt 1 nguyn ? t. V d: Na+ , Mg 2+ , Cl-, O2-

- Ion a nguyn t ion l nhm nguyn t Th no l a nguyn t mang in tch dng hay m.
V d : NH4+ : cation amoni OH- : anion hydroxi SO42- : anion sunfat

BI 12: LIN KT ION TINH TH ION

I. S HNH THNH ION, CATION, ANION 1) ion, cation, anion

2) Ion n nguyn t - Ion a nguyn t II. S TO THNH LIN KT ION

VD: Xt s to thnh phn t NaCl :

* Xt s to thnh phn t NaCl :

+
11+

17+

lc ht tnh in

Na(2,8,1) Na+
to nn lin kt ion

ClCl(2,8,7)

=> hnh thnh phn t NaCl

Th no l lin kt ion ?

BI 12: LIN KT ION TINH TH ION

I. S HNH THNH ION, CATION, ANION

1) ion, cation, anion 2) Ion n nguyn t - Ion a nguyn t II. S TO THNH LIN KT ION

1. nh ngha Lin kt ion l lin kt c hnh thnh do lc ht tnh in gia cc ion mang in tri du 2. c im - Bn cht : do lc ht tnh in - Hnh thnh gia kim loi v phi kim

* Xt s to thnh phn t NaCl :

+
11+

17+

lc ht tnh in

Na(2,8,1) Na+
S to thnh phn t NaCl : 1e

ClCl(2,8,7)

+ Na + Cl Na + Cl 2 x 1e Na+ + Cl NaCl Phng trnh di chuyn e : 2 Na + Cl2

2Na+Cl-

BI 12: LIN KT ION TINH TH ION

I. S HNH THNH ION, CATION, ANION 1) ion, cation, anion

2) Ion n nguyn t - Ion a nguyn t II. S TO THNH LIN KT ION

1. nh ngha Lin kt ion l lin kt c hnh thnh do lc ht tnh in gia cc ion mang in tri du 2. c im - Bn cht : do lc ht tnh in
- Hnh thnh gia kim loi v phi kim
VD: S to thnh phn t NaCl 1e
Na+ + Cl- 2 x 1e Na + Cl Na+ + Cl NaCl Phng trnh di chuyn e : 2 Na + Cl2

2 NaCl

LIN KT ION TINH TH ION

1.Tinh th NaCl
3 6 1 2 5
Na+ Cl-

Na+ Cl-

4
Cu hi V sao tinh th ion rt bn vng ?

- Mt ion Na+ c bao quanh bi 6 ion Cl-

=> Tinh th ion rt bn vng v lc ht tnh in gia cc ion ngc du trong tinh th rt ln

- Mt ion Cl - c bao quanh bi 6 ion Na+

BI 12: LIN KT ION TINH TH ION

I.

S HNH THNH ION, CATION, ANION

II. S TO THNH LIN KT ION III. TINH TH ION

1) Tinh th NaCl : SGK/58

2) Tnh cht chung ca hp cht ion

- Tinh th ion rt bn vng v lc ht tnh in gia cc ion ngc du trong tinh th rt ln - Hp cht ion c tnh cht chung: + Kh rn, kh bay hi, kh nng chy. + Thng tan nhiu trong nc. + Dn in khi nng chy v khi tan trong nc. Trng thi rn khng dn in.

Tinh th NaCl

CNG C
Cu 1: Phng trnh biu din no sau y sai ?

A) Al +

3e

Al3O2 S2 -

B) O + 2e C) S + 2e

D) K

K+ + 1e

CNG C
Cu 3: Trong cu no sau y, hp cht c cha ion a nguyn t ?

A. B. C.

Na2SO4 MgCl2 NaBr

D.

BaO

Dn d: - Hc bi

- Lm cc bi tp SGK
- Xem trc bi lin kt cng ha tr

Sai mt ri. Hu...hu ...

ng ri. Gii qu!

ng ri. Gii qu!

ng ri. Gii qu!

ng ri. Gii qu!