Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MC LC
MC LC .................................................................................................................... i
DANH MC T VIT TT..................................................................................... iii
DANH MC HNH V .............................................................................................. v
DANH MC BNG .................................................................................................. vi
LI NI U............................................................................................................. 1
PHN I GII THIU V N V THC TP ........................................................ 3
1. Gii thiu chung ...................................................................................................... 3
2. Chc nng chnh ca Trung tm .............................................................................. 3
3. Tnh hnh hot ng ................................................................................................. 5
PHN II NI DUNG BO CO THC TP ........................................................... 6
CHNG 1 GII THIU CHUNG V QUY HOCH MNG V TUYN V TI
U HA CHO MNG UMTS ................................................................................... 6
1.1 c im ca mng truy v tuyn 3G .................................................................... 6
1.2 Nhng thch thc................................................................................................... 7
CHNG 2 QU TRNH QUY HOCH MNG V TUYN ................................ 9
2.1 Dung lng ............................................................................................................ 9
2.1.1 K thut tng lu lng ...................................................................................... 9
2.1.2 Dung lng mm............................................................................................... 10
2.2 Vng ph ............................................................................................................. 10
2.2.1 Mc tiu ph sng ............................................................................................. 10
2.2.2 Sector ha v s to hnh chm tia thch nghi ................................................... 11
2.3 Cht lng dch v............................................................................................... 11
2.4 Th tc pht trin quy hoch v ti a dung lng cng nh vng ph sng........ 11
2.4.1 Chun b ........................................................................................................... 12
2.4.2 S ngi s dng .............................................................................................. 12
2.4.3 Qun l quy hoch mng................................................................................... 13
2.5 Pht trin k hoch thit k mng ......................................................................... 13
2.5.1 Phn tch lu lng .......................................................................................... 14
2.5.2 c tnh kch thc vng ph ........................................................................... 16
GVHD: TS. Phm Duy Phong
ii
2.5.3 M hnh c tnh t bo .................................................................................... 17
2.5.4 Xc xut vng ph............................................................................................. 18
2.6 M phng phn tch k hoch thit k mng ........................................................ 20
2.7 Ti u ha ........................................................................................................... 21
CHNG 3 QUY HOCH DUNG LNG........................................................... 22
3.1 Dung lng truyn ............................................................................................... 22
3.2 H s ti ng ln .............................................................................................. 23
3.3 nh hng ca tp m ......................................................................................... 24
3.4 H s ti ng xung ......................................................................................... 25
3.5 Chuyn giao mm ................................................................................................ 26
3.6 Dung lng ng ln ng xung ................................................................. 27
3.6.1 Dung lng ng ln ...................................................................................... 27
3.6.2 Dung lng ng xung ................................................................................. 27
3.7 Ci thin dung lng............................................................................................ 29
3.7.1 Tng cng tn s............................................................................................ 29
3.7.2 Sector ha ........................................................................................................ 30
3.7.3 Phn tp pht................................................................................................... 30
3.7.4 M ha tc bt thp ..................................................................................... 30
KT LUN ............................................................................................................... 31
TI LIU THAM KHO ......................................................................................... 32
iii
DANH MC T VIT TT
T vit tt
T ting Anh
ACI
Nhiu knh ln cn
AMR
Adaptive Multi-rate
a tc tng thch
ATM
BER
Xc sut li bit
BS
Base station
Trm c s
CCQ
CE
Channel Element
Phn t mng
CLP
u tin mt mt t bo
CN
Core Network
Mng li
COSSAP
GFC
GPRS
GSM
Communication
cu
HSC
Cu trc t bo phn cp
HEC
ISS
B cu trc m phng
ITU
International Telecommunication
Union
MUD
Multi-user Detection
QoS
Quality of Service
RAKE
ng truyn
RAN
RF
Radio frequency
Tn s sng v tuyn
iv
RX
Receiving functionality/receiver
SDH
H thng phn cp s ng b
TX
Transmitting
functionality/transmitter
UE
User equipment
VCI
VPI
Nhn dng ng o
WCDMA
access
v
DANH MC HNH V
vi
DANH MC BNG
Bng 2.1
macrocell ........................................................................................................................ 28
1
LI NI U
2
Trong qu trnh lm bo co em c gng nhiu nhng do kin thc hn ch
cng khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st. Em mong nhn c s ph bnh, nh gi
nhn xt t qu thy c cng bn b.
Em xin chn thnh cm n s hng dn, gip tn tnh ca Tin s Phm
Thnh Phong, cng cc bn trong nhm thc tp lun bn cnh gip em hon thnh
bi bo co ny.
3
PHN I GII THIU V N V THC TP
pht trin mng vin thng. ng dng cng ngh mi trong o m in nng.
GVHD: TS. Phm Duy Phong
4
-
thit k bn v thi cng cc cng trnh vin thng, in lc, cng ngh thng
tin.
-
Gim st thi cng cc cng trnh vin thng, in lc v cng ngh thng
tin.
2.3 o kim v nh gi cht lng cc thit b dch v, cng trnh vin thng, in
lc v cng ngh thng tin
-
o kim ha mng:
+ o kim ha mng tng i c nh: o SS& & R2, o ng b,
5
-
thng.
-
do Trng giao.
L m hnh gn kt cht ch gia o to, Nghin cu khoa hc v Sn xut
kinh doanh ca Tp on in lc Vit Nam, trong thi gian qua Trung tm Nghin
cu v T vn Vin thng in lc thu c nhng thnh tu ng k, gp phn
nng cao cht lng o to trnh i ng cn b, ging vin, nng cao t l doanh
thu ca NCKH v CGCN.
6
PHN II NI DUNG BO CO THC TP
Giao din v tuyn tin tin, phc v linh hot cho vic thc hin v
QoS khc nhau. Do s khc bit gia cc gi tr suy hao tn hiu khc nhau,
nhng vng ph v lu lng c nh hin nay ch cn c s dng trong mng
GVHD: TS. Phm Duy Phong
7
thoi v tuyn, khng th s dng cho cho tng lai. Yu cu lu lng v cc
ch tiu QoS phi c phn bit gia cc dch v khc nhau.
C ch hiu dng vi nhiu sng trung bnh v chc chn khi hot ng
trong mi trng gii hn nhiu sng mnh. H thng hiu sut quang ph ln
i hi t bo c nhng u th tt bng cch la chn v tr thch hp, bng
thng anten, gc nghing, nh hng,vv
9
CHNG 2 QU TRNH QUY HOCH MNG V TUYN
Dung lng;
b)
Vng ph;
c)
Vi mng 3G, qu trnh quy hoch v ti u/ti quy hoch l mt qu trnh lin
tc. Khi hon thnh quy hoch dung lng v ph sng v mt mng c xy dng,
nhng thit b u cui c a vo mng v cho php kim sot hiu sut mng.
Qu trnh ny l qu trnh lin tc m bo hiu sut v ti u ha. Mc ch ca quy
hoch mng li l kim sot v ti a ha nh hng gia ba tham s.
2.1 Dung lng
Dung lng WCDMA l mt vn nhiu mt v ph thuc vo nhiu yu t
tng tc vi nhau. V d, nhiu ngi cng truy cp vo mt t bo lm cho tc
d liu tng, dung lng t bo v th m gim i. Ngoi ra, ti trong t bo tng cng
khin mc nhiu tng ln; iu ny cng s lm gim dung lng ca t bo. Cui
cng, dung lng mm l mt vn khc cn c xem xt, bi v trong cc tnh
hung nht nh mt s th bo c th c lng ti nh hn nhng t bo khc, v do
cng sut d tha ny c th c chia s gia cc t bo.
2.1.1 K thut tng lu lng
Mt s k thut nng cao dung lng hu ch c th c h tr cho mng
WCDMA. Phng php s dng c th bao gm Macro, micro, picocell, c th chng
ph ln nhau nh l mt h thng phn cp t bo. H thng phn cp t bo s dng
GVHD: TS. Phm Duy Phong
10
ba loi t bo khc nhau c bit n nh l cu trc th bc t bo HSC
(Hierarchical Cell Structure). HSC l mt phng php c in tng dung lng ti
mt im nng. tng y l s dng di tn s khc nhau cho nhng ngi s
dng khc nhau. Tuy nhin vi iu kin l nh iu hnh phi mua ph tn tn
dng li th ca HSC. V d, mt nh iu hnh c th mua ba ph tn ring bit trong
3 ph tn dnh cho ng xung v 3 ph tn dnh cho ng ln. Nh iu hnh
c c hi chuyn i thay th cc tn s trong mi trng dy c, lm gim nhiu
knh ln cn ACI, hoc nhiu iu hnh giao thoa.
2.1.2 Dung lng mm
Chuyn giao mm c s dng khi nhiu kt ni c kt ni n nhiu trm
gc, tt c u hot ng trn cng mt tn s v tuyn (RF). Vic s dng nhiu kt
ni lm gim cng sut t mi trm c s phc v cho mi thit b ngi dng (UE).
Chuyn giao mm nh vy s lm gim nhiu v tng dung lng t bo trong lt
chuyn giao.
2.2 Vng ph
Vng ph 3G cho php ngi dng c th di chuyn d dng t mng hin ti
vo cc mng 3G khc. Ngoi ra, vng ph s c cung cp theo kiu cu trc phn
cp t bo trong h thng. Theo ngi dng s chuyn t mt mi trng picocell,
microcell sang mi trng macrocell. Mng UMTS s khng c lp vi mng GSM
hin c m n s cng tn ti vi thng GSM. Nhiu thit b u cui c th chuyn
i t 2G sang 3G v ngc li.
2.2.1 Mc tiu ph sng
S a dng ca cc dch v mng yu cu mc khc nhau ca vng ph do
cc yu t nh Eb/No (enegy-per-bit/noise-per-spectral) khc nhau, cn p ng mc
yu cu ca dch v, li x l khc nhau v trong trng hp c th c hoc khng
c chuyn giao mm xy ra. Trng hp ny s xy ra trong mt HSC c mt t bo
bao ph mt t bo khc, hai t bo ny s dng tn s khc nhau, v vy, chuyn giao
mm s khng c tt. Cui cng, bt k s thay i qu ng truyn no, nh tp
m trm gc, tp m cng sut thu, vv, tt c s nh hng ln CCQ. Mc tiu vng
ph phi c a vo tnh ton bao gm mi trng ca ngi dng, cng vi cc
thng s tnh ton phm vi khc nhau. Vng ph sng a gic c th s dng m t
GVHD: TS. Phm Duy Phong
11
gn ng cc khu vc c t l bt buc. y c coi l c s tin hnh nhng php
kim nh thu nhn sau ny v iu ny c li rt nhiu cho nh iu hnh. Mc ph
cho khu th dy c, khu th v ngoi thnh thng hnh thnh nhng vng trn
ng tm bao quanh th trn. Vng ph theo cc tuyn ng c li hn khi s dng
mt danh sch hoc mt lch trnh cc tuyn giao thng tin hnh che ph thay v c
tm cch lin kt cc th trn bng nhng a gic. iu ny s cho kt qu kh a dng
nhng c th gy chng ln ln nhau.
2.2.2 Sector ha v s to hnh chm tia thch nghi
Sector ha l vic phn chia t bo thnh cc vng hnh qut (sector), ln lt
c th lm tng dung lng. Ngoi ra, tng cng vng ph sng ca cc sector ny
c th s dng anten thch nghi c kh nng theo di s di chuyn ca UE, do lm
tng vng ph sng thc t. Khi xem xt t bo sector ha v anten thch nghi, c th
c tnh nh hng ca mt quang ph ln k thut a ch ha. N ph thuc vo
cc loi sng v tuyn v cc thit b anten.
2.3 Cht lng dch v
Trong mng 3G, QoS c ngha quan trng hn rt nhiu so vi h thng 2G
trc y. iu ny l do s a dng ca cc dch v d liu bng thng rng. Nhng
dch v nh l gi video, trao i d liu i hi QoS cao hn, do cn m bo tr
truyn dn v QoS c th chp nhn c. Nh vy, cng vi dung lng v vng
ph, QoS l mt vn quan trng cn c xem xt cn thn trong h thng UMTS ,
do tnh cht ca dch v v yu cu ca ngi dng cui cng. C nhiu cp khc
nhau ca QoS, cho php nhiu loi nhng ng dng c h tr. Hin nay vn cha
th khng nh c tnh v mc dng ca mt s dch v phi thoi mi s ging vi
nh hng c a ra, v vy tht v l khi ti u ha UMTS cho mt nhm cc ng
dng ring.
2.4 Th tc pht trin quy hoch v ti a dung lng cng nh vng ph sng
Cc thng s CCQ cn c xem xt chc chn rng cc th tc hiu qu c
th c s dng cho k hoch pht trin mng. Mi tham s trong ba tham s dung
lng, vng ph v QoS cn phi c xem xt cn bng v ti u.
Giao din khng kh WCDMA khng th on trc v lin tc thay i. iu
ny l do ty bin ca ngi s dng v tc d liu ca h thay i. Mi cell phi
GVHD: TS. Phm Duy Phong
12
c thit k chnh xc v do cc iu kin trc tin t c ca quy hoch
mng li chnh xc gm 3 giai on sau:
a)
Chun b;
b)
c lng t bo mng;
c)
2.4.1 Chun b
Giai on chun b bao gm nh gi dung lng ban u v vng ph cn
thit, nh ngha k hoch quy hoch chin lc, kim tra cc hot ng hn ch v
cui cng chun b cc thit k s b. iu ny ph thuc vo yu cu ca nh iu
hnh v do n c xy dng da vo u vo thu c t thc t.
Xem xt ban u cho vic chun b l s lng ngi dng. Ta xt:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Ngi dng c phn chia thnh hai khu vc: ngi dng doanh nghip v
ngi dng c nhn. V d, thi gian gi trung bnh trong khong 120 n 180 giy.
N s phn no kh khn hn khi tnh ton trong mng UMTS do cc dch v mi s
c s dng chuyn mch gi. Hin nay hu ht dch v mi c p dng
chuyn mch gi. Tuy nhin trung bnh thi gian gi nh hng ng k n lu
lng mng, d on chnh xc, hp l phi c coi l mt yu t quan trng. iu
ny nhiu khi kh khn do kch thc mi c b sung vo dch UMTS (3G), khi
lng d liu trung bnh thng qua l rt ln. Vn phc tp hn nhu cu v mt
dch v nht nh (V d: Vng ph sng theo s kin th thao) cng phi c a
vo tnh ton, v s kin ny s thay i theo thi gian trong ngy, theo ngy trong
nm. Khi lu lng mng s tng t bin.
2.4.2 S ngi s dng
Tnh ton s lng ngi dng trong mt khu vc c th c thc hin bng
m rng iu tra dn s. S ngi dng v lu lng yu cu cho tng ngi dng
cho ta lu lng yu cu.
13
2.4.3 Qun l quy hoch mng
Khi s lng t bo c xc nh, cn lp k hoch chi tit tn s, xc nh tn
s v tuyn (RF) cho tng cell. iu ny s nh hng n vng ph sng nh xy
dng cc vng ph sng, chi ph, xy dng lut quy hoch, cu hnh, t li v tr cell
v cc hot ng khc nh ACI cng phi c xem xt. Do cn b cng c lp k
hoch chuyn nghip. C nhiu cng c c sn trn th trng, c cung cp bi
ATDL, Logica, Commweb, Agilent B cng c lp k hoch bao gm mt b tin
ch module phn mm c tch hp vo cc ng dng quy hoch hin ti. Cc
module c th bao gm cc cng c qun l thng tin, thit k cc cng c di ng,
thit b, cu hnh, cc cng c kim k, gim st hiu sut mng v cc cng c bo
co d n hoc cc cng c qun l chung.
2.5 Pht trin k hoch thit k mng
Khi xem xt mt ci nhn tng th thit k quy hoch mng li, cc i tng
c xem xt. Bao gm:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Thit lp v tr cell.
e)
14
xt. Tuy nhin i vi nhng dch v yu cu QoS cao v thi gian thc, th vng ph
phi l ng nht. Cui cng, nu mt nh iu hnh c mt mng li 2G hin ti th
ngi dng s chuyn giao gia 2G v 3G, ti s dng cell. Thng th cc nh quy
hoch s tn dng v tr cc trm BTS 2G b sung v tr cn thiu. iu ny lm
gim ng k chi ph cho vic xy dng h thng. Nu quy hoch hp l vic ti s
dng li cc trm BTS ca 2G nh quy hoch c th tit kim c 40% chi ph cho
xy dng mng 3G.
2.5.1 Phn tch lu lng
Phn tch lu lng bao gm nhng iu sau:
a)
b)
c)
d)
(2.1)
15
gi b chn s xa ngay lp tc. Do mt ngi dng trong khu vc phi xem xt,
mt lu lng c th c tnh ton v c th hin trn mi km2 (Erl/km2 ). i
vi dch v d liu, khi lu lng c m t tt hn nh php o megabit trn 1
giy trn 1km2 (Mbps/km2), dung lng d liu c truyn i trong mt n v thi
gian qua mt khu vc.
b) Mc s dng v cung cp dch v
Thm nhp th trng kinh doanh bao gm s lng thu bao bnh qun u
ngi ca dn s chia cho s lng nhn vin kinh doanh. N c th c chia theo
phn trm iu tra cho cc nhm i tng khc nhau (v d ngi dng doanh
nghip).
Ngoi ra cn chia theo loi hnh dch v v tc d liu bao gm c nhu cu
QoS. s dng dch v cn phi thc hin cc dch v chuyn mch cuc gi/ gi
cn v cho cc dch v chuyn mch gi trong gi bn. Lu lng phi phn tch tnh
ton cho nhiu loi dch v (v d nh thoi, d liu, video). Cc mi trng khc
nhau, trong nh, ngoi tri, cng vi t nhn v s dng cng cng. Mt m hnh lu
lng n gin ha cc gi nh. M hnh lu lng cho php nh gi trong sut thi
gian gi v c tnh cc t l chuyn giao. lm c iu ny ta dng phng php
lp tnh ton cung cp lu lng truy cp mi cell. Ngoi ra, thng s cn thit nh
c tnh thi gian ngi dng bn ti mt cell s cho php d on chnh xc v lu
lng ca khu vc ph sng. Nu dch v c p dng cho mi thu bao, bn
lu lng c to ra. S khc bit s dng d liu c phn tch trong Bng 2.1.
i vi dch v tng tc a phng tin tc d liu l khong 128 kbps, v
th mt chiu di trung bnh cho cc cuc gi kiu ny s kt ni trong khong 144
giy. Trong khi mt cuc gi thoi c tc d liu khong 12,2 kbps trong sut
thi gian cuc gi hiu qu c th l khong 1 pht.
Dch v
Bng 2.1
S dng mu v dch v a ra
S dng
(kbps)
Loi chuyn
mch (chuyn
mach gi tin)
Thi gian
gi/bn trong 1h
128
144
CS
0.25
2000
53
PS
0.01
a phng tin c
tnh tng tc cao
a phng tin c
GVHD: TS. Phm Duy Phong
16
tc cao
a phng tin tc
bnh thng
D liu tc thp
SMS
Thoi
384
14
PS
0.2
14.4
14.4
12.2
156
156
60
CS
PS
CS
0.1
2
1.5
Im = 10log
(2.2)
17
hiu). Mt b thu RAKE c s dng dch v WCDMA thng c 4-6 nhnh nhn.
Tuy nhin, chuyn giao mm vn c xem xt trong vic ci thin qu ng truyn.
c) Vng ph b gii hn
Vng ph gi l gii hn khi n khng c nng lc x l tt c cc lu
lng truy nhp. T quan im dung lng, kch thc cell cn ln hn rt nhiu. Di
cell ti a gi l h s gii hn. Din tch ti a ca cell c s dng xc nh s
lng trm gc yu cu.
d) Dung lng b gii hn
Mng c dung lng gii hn A l mng khng c kh nng h tr tt c cc
lu lng cung cp. S cell c tnh bng cch chia s ngi s dng m mt cell c
th h tr bi s ngi trn mi km2. Tng cell ca h thng bng tng s din tch
c chia cho din tch mt cell. i vi nhiu b gii hn, mt tn hiu nh hn s
gy mt tn trong cc cell nh hn, v do tng chi ph thc hin thm cc cell
cn thit, ngoi ra s lm gim dung lng.
e) H s ti
H thng t n cng sut cc i khi n t c ti ti 100 phn trm dung
lng, hoc cng sut ti a l thuyt t c. Dung lng ca mt cell ph thuc
vo Eb/No. Khu vc ph sng ph thuc vo ti so vi cng sut cc i. Khi cng
sut cc i kch thc cell s co li v khng v mc nhiu s tin ti v cng.
Cng sut lin quan trc tip n yu t ti v mt mng UMTS (3G) c th khng
vn hnh ht cng sut cc.
2.5.3 M hnh c tnh t bo
Nh cp trc , mt lng gn ng s yu cu ca cc t bo c th
c tnh bng cch nhn s dng ca ngi dn. Khi s lng ngi dng v lu
lng cho mi ngi dng c cho trc, chng ta c th tnh c lu lng yu
cu. Khi vng ph v dung lng c tnh ton, ta c th c tnh m hnh cell theo
m hnh:
18
19
Hnh 2.2
20
Hnh 2.3
c im lu lng;
Yu cu QoS;
Kh nng mt tn hiu.
21
D liu tc cao khin s lng ngi dng c kh nng s dng mng t
hn. V vy, cht lng mng tt hn, gim kh nng mt tn hiu. Kt ni v tuyn s
tt hn, tiu th ti nguyn nhiu hn, c ngha l c t thu bao hn c th s dng h
thng. Phm vi ph sng d liu tc cao, phm vi ph sng cho microcell v mi
trng trong nh, ng v tr vi mt h thng 2G, tt c nhng vn chnh s cn
phi c ln k hoch cn thn m bo mng li n nh hiu qu. Phn tch lu
lng, nh gi phm vi ph sng v m cell cng c thc hin phn tch m
phng.
2.7 Ti u ha
Ti u ha mng li lin quan n vic thu thp d liu lp i lp li s cung
cp mt bc tranh chnh xc v hot ng mng. Ti u ha s i hi cc cng c
driving test c dung lng hot ng cao. Vi v d v cc chc nng cn thit cao hn
bao gm phn tch ng b ha s cp v th cp m ng b ha, o cng sut, o
c xo trn m, v thi gian di chuyn v chng ln ln nhau. Cn phi thc hin
ng thi c ting ni v d liu ti mng 2G v mng 3G. D liu bao gm chuyn
tip v o ngc iu tit lin kt, t l li bit hoc khung hnh, ACI b cuc gi,
khng khi to cuc gi, nh v v tinh ton cu (GPS). Cc d liu ny cho ta ci
nhn ton cnh v qu trnh hnh thnh mng.
22
CHNG 3 QUY HOCH DUNG LNG
23
T bo ATM
S bit:
L gi tr nhn dng ng o
VCI
PT
Kiu t bo
CLP u tin mt t bo
HEC iu khin tiu trng li
24
dng v ph thuc vo kiu dch v. a nhng tham s ny vo tnh ton ta c th
tnh h s ti cho ng ln.
Bng 3.1 Cc tham s tnh ton h s ti ng ln
nh ngha
Eb/No c xc nh v nhiu nhit v nhiu
tp m
3.3 nh hng ca tp m
Tp m c th m t nh l s gia tng mc can thip bng rng qua nhit
tp m trong vic tip nhn trm gc. T cc th minh ha trong Hnh 3.2 c th
cho thy rng, tng tp m 3dB, tng ng vi 50% lu lng d liu, hoc c th
c m t nh l mt yu t tng ng vi ti trng 50%.
25
Tuy nhin, tp m tng khng phi tuyn tnh, do s can thip tp m tng
0.6dB tng ng vi mt yu t np l 75%. Tng s d liu thng qua kt hp ca tt
c ngi dng ng thi. Trong v d ny, mt lu lng d liu 1300 kbps c th t
c vi mc tng 6dB ca tp m. Kt qu cui cng l tp m tng lm gim kch
thc cell.
Dng s suy gim trung bnh gia cc trm gc v ngi nhn UE (c tnh n
nhy ca UE), cng sut cho mi thu bao c th c xc nh. nh hng gia
tng tp m ty thuc vo nhiu, cng do mc cng sut pht ti thiu, v vy cn quy
nh mc cng sut truyn cn thit cho ngi dng mt v tr trung bnh trong t
bo. Cng sut truyn phi da trn sc mnh truyn trung bnh v khng phi l cng
sut pht ti a cho cc ngoi vi ca t bo.
3.4 H s ti ng xung
Cng nh cc h s ti ng ln tho lun phn trc, cc nhn t trn cng
rt quan trng i vi h s ti ng xung. Bng 3.2 lit k v m t cc tham s
khc nhau v sut cc gi tr tnh kch thc ny c tho lun chi tit di y.
H s hot ng ni chung c gi l t l lu lng thoi so vi lu lng d
liu truy cp. T l thoi v d liu s c s on chnh xc hn ton b d liu tip
theo c cung cp t cc hot ng dch v UMTS. Mt tham s quan trng cn
c a vo xem xt khi c gng so snh gia h s ti ng xung v ng ln l
h s ca ngi dng.
Bng 3.2 Cc h s ti ng xung
Tham s phn loi
Kch thc ngh
a)H s hot ng ca ngi dng X 0.67 cho ting ni, gi s 50% thi gian c
lp vt l
hot ng ni v mo u DPCCH lin tc TX
1.0 cho d liu
b)Tc d liu ca ngi dng X
Ph thuc vo loi dch v
c)Eb/No cn thit p ng c QoS Ph thuc vo tc UE, Fading a ng, v
(E.g.BER). Ting ni bao gm c ting ni loi hnh dch v, anten phn tp TX.
v nhiu
Ph thuc vo ng dn-a ng truyn
d)Knh trc giao ca ngi s dng
1=trc giao hon ton;
0=khng trc giao.
e)T l cell khc ring ca trm gc Ph thuc vo v tr ca UE trong cell v vng
quyn lc, nhn c bi ngi s dng ti loga chun, mi ngi dng s c mt t l
GVHD: TS. Phm Duy Phong
26
X
f)T l trung bnh trc giao trong cell
Tnh trc giao c nh ngha l thuc tnh phn tch tn ti gia hai ngi
dng. Nu c hai ngi dng c thuc tnh phn tch tt h s khng ly nhiu cho
nhau. Nu cc m trc giao ng xung c s dng m bo vic phn tch
ngi s dng, trong trng hp khng c truyn lan a ng, tnh trc giao vn cn
khi UE nhn c tn hiu trong ng xung ny. Tuy nhin, nu tri tr ln
xy ra trong cc knh radio, th UE s xem y l nhiu a truy cp.
Mt h s trc giao bng 1 tng ng vi ngi s dng hon ton trc giao
vi nhau, Trn knh a ng, h s trc giao in hnh nm trong khong 0.4 v 0,9 (
trong phm vi 0-1).
3.5 Chuyn giao mm
Mo u chuyn giao mm c th c nh ngha l tng cc kt ni ang hot
ng, chia cho tng s ngi s dng tr 1. li t c bng chuyn giao mm
tng i vi cc ng truyn n Eb/No phi c quan tm v c gi l li
phn tp macro. iu ny c o khi gim Eb/No yu cu cho mi ngi dng.
li ny c th t c bng cch phn tch m phng mc ng truyn.
Nu ngi dng hin ti tham gia vo mt qu trnh chuyn giao mm, th tt
cc trm gc khc trong tp hot ng c tnh l mt phn ca cell khc. Cng
sut ti a m b khuch i trm gc c th cung cp l h s gii hn ng xung.
khi mng bo ha, s tng ng xut hin gia h s ti ng xung v ng ln,
t , vi vic t cng sut nh, tng tp m trn tp m nhit tng n v cng.
Trong trng hp ny, cn phi c tnh tng cng sut pht trm gc thc hin
vic nh c ng xung.
27
3.6 Dung lng ng ln ng xung
3.6.1 Dung lng ng ln
Tip theo s pht trin mng cc khu vc nng thn, dung lng ng vai tr
th cp so vi vng ph sng. Tuy nhin, trong mt th mi trng, ni mt dch
v d liu tc cao ang c cung cp bi trm gc ngoi tri tiu chun th phm
vi vng ph sng c th gim do cc yu cu dung lng cc b ha. Ngc li khi
khng c nhu cu dung lng trong kch thc cell th s lm tng vng ph.
V u ra cng sut UE l lun thp hn cng sut ca mt trm gc, phm vi
ph sng macrocell c th c tnh ton bng ti ng ln. Do , u ra cng sut
ca mt trm gc macro l khong 40-46 dBm (tng ng vi 10-40 W) cho mi
sector v cng sut u ra ca UE thng l 21dBm ( tng ng vi 125mW).
S dng mt m hnh truyn tiu chun, nh m hnh Okamura-hata, ngi ta
c th tnh ton nhng ci tin c thc hin trong quy ng truyn trn bn knh
cell tng ng. Kt qu c th nhn thy trong bng 3.3, trong c th thy mi quan
h r rng gia din tch vng ph v mt trm gc.
V d, vi mt mc ci thin hiu nng ng truyn 2dB ( t 4dB tng ln
6dB), th s c mt s ci thin v mt cell yu cu t 59 xung 46%.
Bng 3.3 Ph sng ng ln
Mt trm gc-s v tr tng i (%)
27
10
46
52
59
68
77
88
100
28
phi c a vo tnh ton. nh hng ca nhiu gia cc cell, gy ra bi cc trm
gc ln cn, s nh hng ng k n dung lng ng xung . Tuy nhin, vic s
dng m trc giao s m bo rng nh hng ca nhiu gia cc cell lin k s gim
ng xung so vi vi cc ng ln. Ngoi ra, quy hoch mng v mi trng
truyn sng s c nh hng n mc nhiu t cc cell ln cn nu quy hoch mng
khng c thc hin chnh xc. Trong mi trng th dy c, cc gc ph c xu
hng cch ly cc cell hn hn macro cell, v vy bng cch s dng microcell s m
bo rng trong mt mi trng nh vy, nhiu gia cc cell s thp hn trong mt mi
trng macrocell. c tnh cch ly cell c biu din vi tham s t l nhiu cell ln
cn-trn-cell hin thi. Tnh trc giao tt hn i vi m ng xung thng tn ti
trong mi trng cell thng thng c t truyn lan a ng trong microcell. Ngoi ra
nu c t truyn lan a ng , iu ny s dn n iu ny s dn n tp m a
ng, do , Eb/No yu cu ln hn trong ng xung c th c gi nh trong
microcell v tri ngc vi macrocell.
Bng 3.4
Microcell
0.20
1.50
60.00
8.00
80.00
0.95
Macrocell
0.65
1.50
60.00
5.50
80.00
0.60
Microcell
1430
1440
Macrocell
1040
660
29
Vi microcell c mt s cn bng tng i hp l gia dung lng ng ln
v ng xung. Tuy nhin, trong cc macrocell, thng lng ng xung thng
thp hn hn ng ln. Do vic s dng m trc giao, cng sut ng xung ph
thuc vo a ng v mi trng truyn lan hn so vi ng ln.
Nu cc UE nm gn cc trm gc, dung lng cell trong vng ph s ln hn.
Tuy nhin, trong Bng 3.5 gi nh tt c ngi dng c phn phi ng nht trn
din tch cell. N khng th h tr 2Mbps cho mi ngi dng trong cell nu ngi
dng cn 2Mbps nm ri rc c lp trong khu vc di ng, bao gm c vng bin
cell.
Vn chnh nh hng n ng xung l tnh trc giao ca ngi s dng
v h s ti cell, v nhng tham s ny thay i ph thuc vo loi cell s dng. nh
vy vi v d gi thit c gii thiu v nh quy hoch mng phi quan tm n
nhng vn trn khi quy hoch dung lng ng xung. Phn tip theo s gii qut
vn l lm th no c th tn dng u im dung lng vi mt lot nhng ci
thin tim nng.
3.7 Ci thin dung lng
C mt s phng thc c sn nng cao dung lng nh cch thm cc tn
s b sung, sector ha, s dng phn tp pht v s dng m ha bit tc thp hn.
Nhng phng thc c s dng trong phn ny, bt u vi phng php b sung
tn s.
3.7.1 Tng cng tn s
S dng tn s b sung s cho cng sut ln hn mt cell. V d, nu mt nh
iu hnh mua nhiu hn mt ph tn, mt s sng mang c th c s dng
cn bng lu lng ti v cng c th tng dung lng cho mi cell. Mt trong nhng
phng php gim nh u t hn na l chia s b khuch i cng sut cho cc
sng mang. Hn na phng php khuch i cng sut hiu qu nht c th t c
bng cch chia s mt b khuch i cng sut gia hai sng mang. Ngoi ta, khi
ng cong ti bt u gim, cng sut pht cn thit cho mi ngi dung gim. Tuy
nhin tng cng sut pht ng xung c kh nng ch t c li dung lng ti
thiu t ng cong ti. Do , iu ny l khng c xem l mt phng php hiu
qu tng dung lng ng xung.
GVHD: TS. Phm Duy Phong
30
3.7.2 Sector ha
Mt phng php chun tng dung lng ca mt v tr c th c thc hin
bi sector ha. Y sector l tng s tng y ln cng sut, tuy nhin trong thc t hiu
qu t c khong 90%. Nhc im ca sector ha khi quan tm n tng dung
lng l khi tng s lng sector th phi tng s lng anten s phi ci t v quy
hoch sng v tuyn phi c xem xt sau ti u. N khng th trnh khi v nhu
cu lu lng tng ln, do , nng cp t mt v tr n hng thnh mt v tr c 3
sector s cho dung lng tng khong 2.7. V do vi mt v tr c sau sector dung
lng c th tng 5.5. Tng s sector cng s lm tng li ca anten, do ci thin
phm vi ph sng, nhng cch tip cn ny b gii hn vi chi ph ph lin quan n
vic tng cc sector v s l ny sinh thm cc vn quy hoch cn c gii quyt.
3.7.3 Phn tp pht
ci thin hiu sut vi phn tp pht ng xung, d liu c th c chia
thnh hai lung ring bit v truyn bng cch s dng m trc giao. Phn tp a
ng trong mi trng v tuyn c th s c nh hng i vi cc li t c.
V d, nu c t phn tp a ng th li dung lng trong cc ng xung s cao
hn khi s dng phn tp pht. Vi tng ny, li dung lng cao nht c th xy
ra trong microcell v picocell, ni m phn tp a ng hn ch.
3.7.4 M ha tc bt thp
Cui cng, c th tng dung lng thoi vi m ha ting a tc tng thch
(AMR). M ha thoi AMR c tm tc ngun v dung lng ph tr c th t
c bng cch s dng mt tc ngun thp hn. Cc m AMR mang li s cn
bng gia dung lng thoi v cht lng thoi nh yu cu. Vi AMR, s lng kt
ni c th c tng ln, trong khi ng thi gim tc d liu trn mi ngi dng.
Cc vn c nhc trn y cho php cc nh quy hoch nhn nh c
nhng yu cu cn thit quy hoch mng UMTS mt cch chnh xc nht. Cc vn
nh m hnh ha lu lng, dung lng truyn, hiu sut ph, h s ti ng ln
v ng xung c trnh by u c nh hng trc tip n dung lng ca
mng.
31
KT LUN
mng 3G.
-
32
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] Chris Braithwaite and Mike Scott, UMTS Network Planning anh DevelopmentDesign and Implementtation of the 3G CDMA Infrastructure
[2] Edited by Jaana Laiho, Radio Network Planning and Optimisation for UMTS, Jonh
Wiley & Sons, Ltd
[3] Jaana Laiho, Radio Network Planning and Optimisation for UMTS, Thesix for the
degrees of Doctor of Science in Technology