AISC-ASD89-1

Title
Design of Compression Member

Description
Check the adequacy of a W10 45 section by Allowable Stress Design. A36 steel is used
and service loads are 50 kips dead load and 110 kips live load.

Compression Member

Verification Example

Theoretical Results (AISC-ASD89)

Compute slenderness ratio
( KL) x 1.0(30)12
=
= 83.3
rx
4.32

( KL) y
ry

1.0(15)12
= 89.6
2.01

Compute allowable stress Fa . Compare the KL / r with Cc to determine whether the

shoter or long column fomular applies
Cc =

2 2 E
=
Fy

2 2 29, 000
= 126
36

Since the controlling KL / r of 89.6 is less than Cc , the allowable stress is based on the
parabolic equation for inelastic buckling. Thus, by calculation or from ASD
NUMERICAL VALUES TABLE 3
( KL / r ) 2
1
Fy
2Cc2

Fa =
= 14.3 ksi
5 3( KL / r ) ( KL / r )3
+

3
8Cc
8Cc3
Comparison of stresses
P 160
fa =
=
= 12.0 ksi < [ Fa = 14.3 ksi ]
Ag 13.3

Results by the MIDAS/Gen

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MIDAS/Gen - Steel Code Checking [ AISC-ASD89 ]
=====================================================
*.DEFINITION OF LOAD COMBINATIONS WITH SCALING UP FACTORS.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------LCB C Loadcase Name(Factor) + Loadcase Name(Factor) + Loadcase Name(Factor)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 0
DL( 1.000) +
LL( 1.000)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*. UNIT SYSTEM : kip, in
*. SECTION PROPERTIES : Designation = W10x45
Shape
= H - Section. (Rolled)
2

AISC-ASD89-1

Depth
=
Web Thick =

10.100, Top F Width =

0.350, Top F Thick =

8.020, Bot.F Width =

0.620, Bot.F Thick =

8.020
0.620

*. DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR STRENGTH EVALUATION :

Ly = 3.60000e+002, Lz = 3.60000e+002, Lu = 3.60000e+002
Ky = 1.00000e+000, Kz = 5.00000e-001
*. MATERIAL PROPERTIES :
Fy = 3.60000e+001, Es = 2.90000e+004, MATERIAL NAME = A36
*. FORCES AND MOMENTS AT (I) POINT :
Axial Force
Fxx =-1.60000e+002
===================================
[[[*]]] CHECK AXIAL STRESS.
===================================
( ). Check slenderness ratio of axial compression member (Kl/r).
[ AISC-ASD89 Specification B7. ]
-. Kl/r = 89.6 < 200.0 ---> O.K.
( ). Calculate allowable compressive stress (Fa).
[ AISC-ASD89 Specification E2. (E2-1) ]
[ 2*(Pi^2)*Es ]
-. Cc = SQRT [ ----------------- ] = 126.10
[
Fy
]
-. Kl/r < Cc
[
(Kl/r)^2 ]
[ 1 - ----------- ]*Fy
[
2*Cc^2 ]
-. Fa = ------------------------------- = 14.258 kip/in^2.
5 3*(Kl/r) (Kl/r)^3
--- + ---------- - ----------3
8*Cc
8*Cc^3
( ). Calculate axial compressive stress of member (fa).
-. fa = Fxx/Area = -12.030 kip/in^2.
( ). Check ratio of axial stress (fa/Fa).
fa
12.030
-. ---- = ------------ = 0.844 < 1.000 ---> O.K.
Fa
14.258

Verification Example

Comparison of Results
Reference

MIDAS/Gen

( KL) y / ry (slenderness ratio)

89.6

89.6

Cc (limit slenderness ratio)

126

126

Fa (allowable compressive stress)

14.3 ksi

14.3 ksi

f a (axial compressive stress)

12.0 ksi

12.0 ksi

Reference
CHARLES G. SALMON, JOHN E. JOHNSON, Steel Structure, Example 6.11.1
4

AISC-ASD89-2
Title
Design of Laterally Supported Beam

Description
Select the lightest W or M section to carry a uniformly distributed dead load of 0.2 kip/ft
superimposed (i.e., in addition to the beam weight) and 0.8 kip/ft live load. The simply
supported span is 20ft. The compression flange of the beam is fully supported against
lateral movement. Use Allowable Stress Design with A36 steel.

Laterally Supported Beam

Verification Example

Theoretical Results (AISC-ASD89)

A36 steel. Assume compact sectionsince nearly all sections satisfy the width/thickness
limits p : thus, the allowable stress Fb would be
Fb = 0.66 Fy

Note that rounded values (i.e., 0.66 times 36 = 23.8 ksi ; use 24 ksi) are accepted values in
accordance with ASD-NUMERICAL VALUES TABLE
The superimposed service load (1kip/ft) bending moment is
M = wL2 / 8 = 1.0(20) 2 / 8 = 50 ft-kips
Required S x =

M 50(12)
=
= 25 in 3
24
Fb

Try W12 22 : S x = 25.4 in 3

Check compact limits ( p ) of ASD-Table B5.1
bf
2t f

4.03
= 4.7 < 10.8
2(0.425)

d 12.31
=
= 47.3 < 107
tw 0.260

(Table 7.4.2)

OK

(Table 7.4.2)

OK

Note that ASD uses overall depth d whereas LRFD uses the supported height hc of the web
even though the limit is the same.
Check the flexural stress :
M = 1.022(20) 2 / 8 = 51.1 ft-kips
fb =

(including beam weight)

M 51.1(12)
=
= 24.1 ksi [ Fb = 24 ksi ]
Sx
25.4

Use W12 22, Fy = 36 ksi

OK

AISC-ASD89-2

Results by the MIDAS/Gen

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MIDAS/Gen - Steel Code Checking [ AISC-ASD89 ]
=====================================================
*.DEFINITION OF LOAD COMBINATIONS WITH SCALING UP FACTORS.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------LCB C Loadcase Name(Factor) + Loadcase Name(Factor) + Loadcase Name(Factor)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 0
Load( 1.000)
+ Self Weight( 1.000)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*. UNIT SYSTEM : kip, in
*. SECTION PROPERTIES : Designation = W12x22
Shape
= H - Section. (Rolled)
Depth
= 12.310, Top F Width = 4.030, Bot.F Width =
Web Thick = 0.260, Top F Thick = 0.425, Bot.F Thick =

4.030
0.425

*. DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR STRENGTH EVALUATION :

Ly = 2.40000e+002, Lz = 2.40000e+002, Lu = 0.00000e+000
Ky = 1.00000e+000, Kz = 1.00000e+000
*. MATERIAL PROPERTIES :
Fy = 3.60000e+001, Es = 2.90000e+004, MATERIAL NAME = A36
*. FORCES AND MOMENTS AT (1/2) POINT :
Bending Moments My
= 6.13250e+002, Mz

= 0.00000e+000

==================================================
[[[*]]] CHECK BENDING STRESSES ABOUT MAJOR AXIS.
==================================================
( ). Check depth-thickness ratio of web (DTR).
[ AISC-ASD89 Specification B5.1 ]
-. DTR = Dweb/tw
= 44.077
-. DTR < 640/SQRT[Fy] ---> COMPACT SECTION !
( ). Check width-thickness ratio of flange (BTR).
[ AISC-ASD89 Specification B5.1 ]
-. h/t
= 44.08 < 70. ---> kc = 1.0
-. BTR = bf/2tf = 4.74
-. BTR < 65/SQRT[Fy] ---> COMPACT SECTION !
( ). Calculate allowable bending stresses (FBCy,FBTy).
[ AISC-ASD89 Specification F1.1 (F1-1) ]
3

Verification Example

-. FBCy,FBTy = 0.66*Fy =

23.760 kip/in^2. if Fy < 65 ksi.

( ). Calculate actual bending stresses of member (fbcy,fbty).

-. fbcy = (My*Ccom)/Iyy = -24.196 kip/in^2.
-. fbty = (My*Cten)/Iyy
= 24.196 kip/in^2.

AISC-ASD89-2

Comparison of Results
Fb (allowable stress)
b f / 2t f (width-thickness ratio of flange)
f b (flexural stress)

Reference

MIDAS/Gen

Fb = 0.66 f b = 23.8 ksi

Fb = 0.66 f b = 23.8 ksi

4.7

4.7

24.1 ksi

24.2 ksi

Reference
CHARLES G. SALMON, JOHN E. JOHNSON, Steel Structure, Example 7.5.1

AISC-ASD89-3
Title
Design for Combined Bending and Axial Load

Description
Investigate the acceptability of a W16 67 used as a beam-column under the loading shown
in Figure. The total service loads are P = 350 kips and M = 60 ft-kips, and Fy = 60 ksi. Use
Allowable Stress Design.

Beam-column with Combined Bending and Axial Load

Verification Example

Theoretical Results (AISC-ASD89)

Column effect
KL 15(12)
=
= 73
ry
2.46
KL / r
73
=
= 0.747
Cc
97.7
Fa = Cc Fy = 0.381(60) = 22.8 ksi
fa =

P
350
=
= 17.8 ksi
Ag 19.7

f a 17.8
=
= 0.78 > 0.15
Fa 22.8

Beam effect
76b f 76(10.235)
Lc =
=
= 8.4 ft
60(12)
Fy

(controls)

or
Lc =

20, 000
20, 000
=
= 11.6 ft
(d / Af ) Fy 2.40(60)12

Fb =

12, 000
12, 000
=
= 27.8 ksi < 0.60 Fy
Lb d / Af 15(12)(2.40)

Lb 15(12)
=
= 65.5
2.75
rT
Fb = 40.0

( Lb / rT ) 2
(65.5) 2
= 40.0
= 29.9 ksi
425
425

Cm = 0.6 0.4( M 1 / M 2 ) = 0.60

60(12)
= 6.15 ksi
117
Cm f b 0.6(6.15)
=
= 0.12
29.9
Fb
fb =

KL 15(12)
=
= 25.9
6.96
rx
Fe' = 223 ksi
2

AISC-ASD89-3

where the x-axis is the axis of bending. The magnification factor is

1
1.0
1.0
=
=
= 1.09
'
1 f a / Fe 1 17.8 / 223 1 0.0798
Check of ASD Formulas
For stability, Formular (H1-1)
f a Cm f b
1.0
(
) = 0.78 + 0.12(1.09) = 0.91 < 1.0
+
Fa
Fb 1 f a / Fe'
For yielding, Formualr (H1-2), at the braced point,
fa
f
17.8 6.15
+ b =
+
= 0.66 < 1.0
0.60 Fy Fb
36 29.9

Results by the MIDAS/Gen

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------MIDAS/Gen - Steel Code Checking [ AISC-ASD89 ]
=================================================
*.DEFINITION OF LOAD COMBINATIONS WITH SCALING UP FACTORS.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------LCB C Loadcase Name(Factor) + Loadcase Name(Factor) + Loadcase Name(Factor)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 0
Load( 1.000)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*. UNIT SYSTEM : kip, in
*. SECTION PROPERTIES : Designation = W16x67
Shape
= H - Section. (Rolled)
Depth
= 16.330, Top F Width = 10.235, Bot.F Width =
Web Thick =
0.395, Top F Thick =
0.665, Bot.F Thick =

10.235
0.665

*. DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR STRENGTH EVALUATION :

Ly = 1.80000e+002, Lz = 1.80000e+002, Lu = 1.80000e+002
Ky = 1.00000e+000, Kz = 1.00000e+000
*. MATERIAL PROPERTIES :
Fy = 6.00000e+001, Es = 2.90000e+004, MATERIAL NAME = A572-60
*. FORCES AND MOMENTS AT (J) POINT :
Axial Force
Fxx =-3.50000e+002
Shear Forces
Fyy = 0.00000e+000, Fzz =-4.00000e+000
Bending Moments My
= 7.20000e+002, Mz = 0.00000e+000
Moments of j-node Myyj = 7.20000e+002, Mzzj = 0.00000e+000
3

Verification Example

================================
[[[*]]] CHECK AXIAL STRESS.
================================
( ). Check slenderness ratio of axial compression member (Kl/r).
[ AISC-ASD89 Specification B7. ]
-. Kl/r = 73.2 < 200.0 ---> O.K.
( ). Calculate allowable compressive stress (Fa).
[ AISC-ASD89 Specification E2. (E2-1) ]
[ 2*(Pi^2)*Es ]
-. Cc = SQRT [ -----------------] = 97.68
[
Fy
]
-. Kl/r < Cc
[
(Kl/r)^2 ]
[ 1 - ----------- ]*Fy
[
2*Cc^2 ]
-. Fa = -------------------------------- = 22.778 kip/in^2.
5 3*(Kl/r) (Kl/r)^3
--- + ---------- - ---------3
8*Cc
8*Cc^3
( ). Calculate axial compressive stress of member (fa).
-. fa = Fxx/Area = -17.766 kip/in^2.
( ). Check ratio of axial stress (fa/Fa).
fa
17.766
-. ---- = ------------- = 0.780 < 1.000 ---> O.K.
Fa
22.778
===================================================
[[[*]]] CHECK BENDING STRESSES ABOUT MAJOR AXIS.
===================================================
( ). Check laterally unbraced length of compression flange (Lu).
[ AISC-ASD89 Specification F1.1 (F1-2) ]
-. Lcr1 = (76*bf)/SQRT[Fy] = 100.42 in.
-. Lcr2 = 20000/((d/Af)*Fy) = 138.93 in.
-. Lcr
= MIN[ Lcr1, Lcr2 ]
= 100.42 in.
-. Lu
= 180.00 in. > Lcr
( ). Calculate bending coefficient (Cb).
[ AISC-ASD89 Specification F1.3 ]
-. Cb = 1.000 (User defined or default value)
( ). Calculate radius of gyration (rT)
-. Azz = Bf*tf + tw*(Ccom-tf)/3
-. Izz
= tf*Bf^3/12 + {(Ccom-tf)/3}*tw^3/12
-. rT
= SQRT[Izz/Azz]
4

=
=
=

7.7938
59.4289
2.761

AISC-ASD89-3

( ). Check ratio of Lu-rT (Lu/rT).

[ AISC-ASD89 Specification F1.3 ]
-. CRrog2 = SQRT[ (510000*Cb)/Fy ] = 92.195
-. Lu/rT
= 65.185 < CRrog2
( ). Calculate allowable compressive bending stresses (FBC).
[ AISC-ASD89 Specification F1.3 (F1-6,F1-8) ]
12000*Cb
-. FBCi = -------------= 27.786 kip/in^2.
(Lu*d)/Af
2 Fy*(Lu/rT)^2
-. FBCj = [ --- - ------------------ ]*Fy = 30.002 kip/in^2.
3 1530000*Cb
-. FBC = MAX( FBCi, FBCj )
= 30.002 kip/in^2.
====================================
[[[*]]] CHECK COMBINED STRESSES.
====================================
( ). Check interaction ratio of combined stresses (Axial compression + bending).
[ AISC-ASD89 Specification H1. (H1-1, H1-2) ]
-. fa/Fa > 0.15
-. Single Curvature Bending.
-. Cmy = 0.6 - 0.4*(My1/My2) = 0.600
-. Single Curvature Bending.
-. Cmz = 0.6 - 0.4*(Mz1/Mz2) = 1.000
-. Cmz > 1.0 ---> Cmz = 1.0
12*(Pi^2)*Es
-. F'ey = ----------------- = 223.267 kip/in^2.
23*(Kl/r)^2
Cmy
-. SFy = --------------= 0.652
1. - fa/F'ey
*. Check interaction ratio of combined stress at member end point.
fa
Cmy*fbcy
Cmz*fbcz
-. Rmax1 = ---- + ----------------------- + ---------------------Fa
(1-fa/F'ey)*FBCy
(1-fa/F'ez)*FBCz
fa
SFy*fbcy SFz*fbcz
= ---- + ------------- + ------------Fa
FBCy
FBCz
= 0.914 < 1.000 ---> O.K.
fa
fbcy
fbcz
-. Rmax2 = ----------- + --------- + -------0.6*Fy
FBCy
FBCz
= 0.699 < 1.000 ---> O.K.

(H1-1)

(H1-2)

Verification Example

Comparison of Results
Reference

MIDAS/Gen

73

73

Fa (allowable compressive stress)

22.8 ksi

22.8 ksi

f a (axial compressive stress)

17.8 ksi

17.8 ksi

Fb (allowable compressive bending stress)

29.9 ksi

30.0 ksi

Cm (equivalent moment correction factor)

0.6

0.6

223 ksi

223 ksi

f a Cm f b
1.0
(
) (for stability)
+
Fa
Fb 1 f a / Fe'

0.91

0.91

fa
f
+ b
0.60 Fy Fb

0.70

0.70

( KL) y / ry (slenderness ratio)

Fe' (Euler stress devided by a factor of a safety)

Interaction ratio of combined stresses

(for yielding)

Reference
CHARLES G. SALMON, JOHN E. JOHNSON, Steel Structure, Example 12.14.1
6