Hs Li Thuyet Va Cau Hoi Thuong Gap Trong Hoa Huu Co

Li ni u
CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C
Cc em hc sinh thn mn! Nh trao i vi cc em, mn ha hc l mn hc i hi cao v kin thc, cn phi hiu su v bit cch d on tnh cht da vo nhng kin thc c sn. Trong thi tuyn sinh i hc, c 25/50 cu hi l thuyt.Tuy nhin hin nay cc em li dnh thi gian hc mn ha hc ch yu l lm bi tp nh lng ( c tnh ton), m thc t bi tp nh lng khng cung cp cho chng ta bao nhiu kin thc c. Do , kin thc ca cc em thng thiu ht, v vy trong thi c cc em thng rt s cu hi l thuyt v thng hay lm sai cu l thuyt ( k c nhng em hc kh), v vy vic n luyn l thuyt trong ha hc l rt quan trng, theo thy em nn dnh thi gian ca mnh theo t l 5 phn cho vic n l thuyt, 3 phn cho vic rn luyn bi tp, 2 phn cho vic rn luyn tr li cu hi l thuyt ( chia thi gian hc thnh 10 phn). Nhm gip cc em c mt chuyn n luyn l thuyt, thy bin son chuyn Cu hi l thuyt thng gp trong ha hu c, do bin son trong thi gian ngn nn ti liu vn cn nhiu thiu xt v vn cn nhiu iu cha ng , nhng thy cng hi vng ti liu ny gip ch cc em trong qu trnh lm bi thi mn ha hc. Cc cu hi l thuyt trong ha hu c thng t hi v mt chng c th no m ch yu dng cu hi tng hp, v vy trong ti liu ny thy cng vit di dng cc cu hi thi, ti liu gm 23 dng cu hi thng gp trong thi i hc v cc cu hi minh ha trong thi i hc chnh thc t cc nm 2007 2013 ( c p n km theo) cc em vn dng. Ngoi ra cn c tp cc cu hi thi th cc em t rn luyn thm nhm gip cc em nm ton b l thuyt hu c thi i hc. Chc cc em hc tt!
GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)
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A. L THUYT V CU HI THNG GP TRONG THI I HC DNG 1: NHNG CHT PHN NG C VI DUNG DCH AgNO3/NH3 L THUYT Nhng cht tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 gm 1. Ank-1-in (ankin c lin kt ba u mch): Phn ng th H bng ion kim loi Ag Cc phng trnh phn ng: R-CCH + AgNO3 + NH3 R-CCAg + NH4NO3 c bit CHCH + 2AgNO3 + 2NH3 AgCCAg + 2NH4NO3 Cc cht thng gp: axetilen (etin) C2H2; propin CH3-CC; vinyl axetilen CH2=CH-CCH Nhn xt: - Ch c C2H2 phn ng theo t l 1:2 - Cc ank-1-ankin khc phn ng theo t l 1:1 2. Andehit (phn ng trng gng): Trong phn ng ny andehit ng vai tr l cht kh Cc phng trnh phn ng: R-(CHO)x + 2xAgNO3 + 3xNH3 + xH2O R-(COONH4)x + 2xAg + 2xNH4NO3 Andehit n chc (x=1) R-CHO + 2AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O R-COONH4 + 2Ag + 2NH4NO3 T l mol nRCHO : nAg = 1:2 Ring andehit fomic HCHO t l mol nHCHO : nAg = 1:4 HCHO + 4AgNO3 + 6NH3 + 2H2O (NH4)2CO3 + 4Ag + 4NH4NO3 Nhn xt: - Da vo phn ng trng gng c th xc nh s nhm chc - CHO trong phn t andehit. Sau bit andehit no hay cha no ta da vo t l mol gia andehit v H2 trong phn ng kh andehit to ancol bc I - Ring HCHO t l mol nHCHO : nAg = 1:4. Do nu hn hp 2 andehit n chc tc dng vi AgNO3 cho nAg > 2.nandehit th mt trong 2 andehit l HCHO - Nu xc nh CTPT ca andehit th trc ht gi s andehit khng phi l HCHO v sau khi gii xong th li vi HCHO. 3. Nhng cht c nhm -CHO - T l mol ncht : nAg = 1:2 + axit fomic: HCOOH + Este ca axit fomic: HCOOR + Glucozo, fructozo: C6H12O6 + Mantozo: C12H22O11 CU HI Cu 1.Cu 49-A7-748: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3, l: A. anehit fomic, axetilen, etilen. B. anehit axetic, axetilen, butin-2. C. anehit axetic, butin-1, etilen. D. axit fomic, vinylaxetilen, propin. Cu 2.Cu 5-B8-371: Cho dy cc cht: C2H2, HCHO, HCOOH, CH3CHO, (CH3)2CO, C12H22O11 (mantoz). S cht trong dy tham gia c phn ng trng gng l A. 3. B. 5. C. 6. D. 4. Cu 3.Cu 22-CD8-216: Cho dy cc cht: glucoz, xenluloz, saccaroz, tinh bt, mantoz. S cht trong dy tham gia phn ng trng gng l A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 5. Cu 4.Cu 33-CD8-216: Cho dy cc cht: HCHO, CH3COOH, CH3COOC2H5, HCOOH, C2H5OH, HCOOCH3. S cht trong dy tham gia phn ng trng gng l A. 3. B. 6. C. 4. D. 5.
GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)
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Cu 5.Cu 50-A9-438: Cho cc hp cht hu c: C2H2; C2H4; CH2O; CH2O2 (mch h); C3H4O2 (mch h, n chc). Bit C3H4O2 khng lm chuyn mu qu tm m. S cht tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 to ra kt ta l A. 2. B. 4. C. 3. D. 5. Cu 6.Cu 52-A9-438: Dy gm cc dung dch u tham gia phn ng trng bc l: A. Glucoz, glixerol, mantoz, axit fomic. B. Glucoz, fructoz, mantoz, saccaroz. C. Glucoz, mantoz, axit fomic, anehit axetic. D. Fructoz, mantoz, glixerol, anehit axetic. Cu 7.Cu 41-CD12-169: Cho dy cc cht: anehit axetic, axetilen, glucoz, axit axetic, metyl axetat. S cht trong dy c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc l A. 3. B. 2. C. 5. D. 4. Cu 8.Cu 8-A13-193: Cc cht trong dy no sau y u to kt ta khi cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 d, un nng? A. vinylaxetilen, glucoz, axit propionic. B. vinylaxetilen, glucoz, anehit axetic. C. glucoz, imetylaxetilen, anehit axetic. D. vinylaxetilen, glucoz, imetylaxetilen. Cu 9.Cu 56-B13-279: Cht no di y khi cho vo dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 d, un nng, khng xy ra phn ng trng bc? A. Mantoz. B. Fructoz. C. Saccaroz. D. Glucoz.
DNG 2: NHNG CHT TC DNG VI Cu(OH)2 L THUYT I. Phn ng nhit thng 1. Ancol a chc c cc nhm -OH k nhau - To phc mu xanh lam - V d: etilen glicol C2H4(OH)2; glixerol C3H5(OH)3 TQ: 2CxHyOz + Cu(OH)2 (CxHy-1Oz)2Cu + 2H2O Mu xanh lam 2. Nhng cht c nhiu nhm OH k nhau - To phc mu xanh lam - Glucozo, frutozo, saccarozo, mantozo TQ: 2CxHyOz + Cu(OH)2 (CxHy-1Oz)2Cu + 2H2O Mu xanh lam 3. Axit cacboxylic RCOOH 2RCOOH + Cu(OH)2 (RCOO)2Cu + 2H2O 4. tri peptit tr ln v protein - C phn ng mu biure vi Cu(OH)2/OH- to phc mu tm II. Phn ng khi un nng - Nhng cht c cha nhm chc andehit CHO khi tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 un nng s cho kt ta Cu2O mu gch - Nhng cht cha nhm CHO thng gp + andehit + Glucozo + Mantozo to RCHO + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaOH RCOONa + Cu2O gch + 2H2O ( Nhng cht khng c nhiu nhm OH k nhau, ch c nhm CHO th khng phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit thng) CU HI
GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)
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Cu 1.Cu 45-CD7-439: Cho cc cht c cng thc cu to nh sau: HOCH2-CH2OH (X); HOCH2-CH2CH2OH (Y); HOCH2-CHOH-CH2OH (Z); CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH3 (R); CH3-CHOH-CH2OH (T). Nhng cht tc dng c vi Cu(OH)2 to thnh dung dch mu xanh lam l A. X, Y, Z, T. B. X, Y, R, T. C. Z, R, T. D. X, Z, T. Cu 2.Cu 8-B8-371: Cho cc cht: ru (ancol) etylic, glixerin (glixerol), glucoz, imetyl ete v axit fomic. S cht tc dng c vi Cu(OH)2 l A. 4. B. 3. C. 1. D. 2. Cu 3.Cu 38-B9-148: Cho cc hp cht sau: (a) HOCH2-CH2OH.(b) HOCH2-CH2-CH2OH. (c) HOCH2-CH(OH)-CH2OH. (d) CH3-CH(OH)-CH2OH. (e) CH3-CH2OH. (f) CH3-O-CH2CH3. Cc cht u tc dng c vi Na, Cu(OH)2 l: A. (a), (b), (c). B. (c), (d), (f). C. (a), (c), (d). D. (c), (d), (e). Cu 4.Cu 14-B10-937: Cc dung dch phn ng c vi Cu(OH)2 nhit thng l: A. lng trng trng, fructoz, axeton. B. anehit axetic, saccaroz, axit axetic. C. fructoz, axit acrylic, ancol etylic. D. glixerol, axit axetic, glucoz. Cu 5.Cu 51-B10-937: Cht X c cc c im sau: phn t c nhiu nhm -OH, c v ngt, ho tan Cu(OH)2 nhit thng, phn t c lin kt glicozit, lm mt mu nc brom. Cht X l A. xenluloz. B. mantoz. C. glucoz. D. saccaroz. Cu 6.Cu 39-CD11-259: Cho cc cht: saccaroz, glucoz, fructoz, etyl fomat, axit fomic v anehit axetic. Trong cc cht trn, s cht va c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc va c kh nng phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 iu kin thng l A. 3. B. 5. C. 4. D. 2. Cu 7.Cu 13-CD13-415: Dy cc cht no di y u phn ng c vi Cu(OH)2 iu kin thng? A. Glucoz, glixerol v saccaroz. B. Glucoz, glixerol v metyl axetat. C. Etylen glicol, glixerol v ancol etylic. D. Glixerol, glucoz v etyl axetat.
DNG 3: NHNG CHT PHN NG C VI DUNG DCH Br2 L THUYT - Dung dch brom c mu nu - Nhng cht tc dng vi dung dch brom gm 1. Hidrocacbon bao gm cc loi sau: + Xiclopropan: C3H6 (vng) + Anken: CH2=CH2....(CnH2n) + Ankin: CHCH.......(CnH2n-2) + Ankadien: CH2=CH-CH=CH2...... (CnH2n-2) + Stiren: C6H5-CH=CH2 2. Cc hp cht hu c c gc hidrocacbon khng no + in hnh l gc vinyl: -CH=CH2 3. Andehit R-CHO R-CHO + Br2 + H2O R-COOH + HBr 4. Cc hp cht c nhm chc andehit + Axit fomic + Este ca axit fomic + Glucozo + Mantozo 5. Phenol (C6H5-OH) v anilin (C6H5-NH2): Phn ng th vng thm
GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)
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OH

OH + 3Br-Br Br Br Br + 3HBr
2,4,6-tribromphenol (kt ta trng) (dng phn t: C 6H5OH + 3Br2 C6H2Br3OHtrng + 3HBr ) - Tng t vi anilin CU HI Cu 1.Cu 48-B8-371: Cho dy cc cht: CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H5OH, CH2=CH-COOH, C6H5NH2 (anilin), C6H5OH (phenol), C6H6 (benzen). S cht trong dy phn ng c vi nc brom l A. 7. B. 5. C. 6. D. 8. Cu 2.Cu 39: Hirocacbon X khng lm mt mu dung dch brom nhit thng. Tn gi ca X l A. xiclopropan. B. etilen. C. xiclohexan. D. stiren. Cu 3.Cu 25-CD9-956: Cht X c cng thc phn t C3H7O2N v lm mt mu dung dch brom. Tn gi ca X l A. axit -aminopropionic. B. metyl aminoaxetat. C. axit -aminopropionic. D. amoni acrylat. Cu 4.Cu 28-B10-937: Trong cc cht: xiclopropan, benzen, stiren, metyl acrylat, vinyl axetat, imetyl ete, s cht c kh nng lm mt mu nc brom l A. 3. B. 5. C. 4. D. 6. Cu 5.Cu 16-A12-296: Cho dy cc cht: stiren, ancol benzylic, anilin, toluen, phenol (C6H5OH). S cht trong dy c kh nng lm mt mu nc brom l A. 5. B. 4. C. 3. D. 2. Cu 6.Cu 52-A12-296: Cho dy cc cht: cumen, stiren, isopren, xiclohexan, axetilen, benzen. S cht trong dy lm mt mu dung dch brom l A. 5. B. 4. C. 2. D. 3. Cu 7.Cu 46-B13-279: Hirocacbon no sau y khi phn ng vi dung dch brom thu c 1,2ibrombutan? A. But-1-en. B. Butan. C. Buta-1,3-ien. D. But-1-in. Cu 8.Cu 58-B13-279: Cho dy cht sau: isopren, anilin, anehit axetic, toluen, pentan, axit metacrylic v stiren. S cht trong dy phn ng c vi nc brom l A. 6. B. 4. C. 7. D. 5. DNG 4: NHNG CHT PHN NG C VI H2 L THUYT 1. Hidrocacbon bao gm cc loi sau: Hidrocacbon bao gm cc loi sau: +xicloankan vng 3 cnh:CnH2n VD: Xiclopropan: C3H6 (vng 3 cnh), xiclobutan C4H8 (vng 4 cnh)... (cc em nh l vng 3 cnh v 4 cnh nh VD C6H10 m vng 3,4 cnh vn c) + Anken: CH2=CH2....(CnH2n) + Ankin: CHCH.......(CnH2n-2) + Ankadien: CH2=CH-CH=CH2...... (CnH2n-2) + Stiren: C6H5-CH=CH2 + benzen (C6H6), toluen (C6H5-CH3).... 2. Cc hp cht hu c c gc hidrocacbon khng no + in hnh l gc vinyl: -CH=CH2 GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188) Trang: 5.
3. Andehit R-CHO ancol bc I R-CHO + H2 R-CH2OH 4. Xeton R-CO-R ancol bc II R-CO-R + H2 R-CHOH-R 5. Cc hp cht c nhm chc andehit hoc xeton - glucozo C6H12O6 CH2OH-[CHOH]4-CHO + H2 CH2OH-[CHOH]4-CH2OH Sobitol - Fructozo C6H12O6 CH2OH-[CHOH]3-CO-CH2OH + H2 CH2OH-[CHOH]4-CH2OH Sobitol CU HI Cu 1.Cu 18-CD8-216: Cho cc cht sau: CH3-CH2-CHO (1), CH2=CH-CHO (2), (CH3)2CH-CHO (3), CH2=CH-CH2-OH (4). Nhng cht phn ng hon ton vi lng d H2 (Ni, to) cng to ra mt sn phm l: A. (2), (3), (4). B. (1), (2), (4). C. (1), (2), (3). D. (1), (3), (4). Cu 2.Cu 16-CD9-956: Cho cc cht: xiclobutan, 2-metylpropen, but-1-en, cis-but-2-en, 2-metylbut-2en. Dy gm cc cht sau khi phn ng vi H2 (d, xc tc Ni, to), cho cng mt sn phm l: A. xiclobutan, 2-metylbut-2-en v but-1-en. B. but-1-en, 2-metylpropen v cis-but-2-en. C. 2-metylpropen, cis-but-2-en v xiclobutan. D. xiclobutan, cis-but-2-en v but-1-en. Cu 3.Cu 56-A10-684: Hiro ho cht hu c X thu c (CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH3. Cht X c tn thay th l A. 2-metylbutan-3-on. B. 3-metylbutan-2-ol. C. metyl isopropyl xeton. D. 3-metylbutan-2-on. Cu 4.Cu 32-B10-937: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi H2 (xc tc Ni, to), to ra sn phm c kh nng phn ng vi Na l: A. C2H3CHO, CH3COOC2H3, C6H5COOH. B. C2H3CH2OH, CH3COCH3, C2H3COOH. C. CH3OC2H5, CH3CHO, C2H3COOH. D. C2H3CH2OH, CH3CHO, CH3COOH. Cu 5.Cu 43-B10-937: C bao nhiu cht hu c mch h dng iu ch 4-metylpentan-2-ol ch bng phn ng cng H2 (xc tc Ni, to)? A. 2. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3. Cu 6.Cu 32-CD10-824: ng vi cng thc phn t C3H6O c bao nhiu hp cht mch h bn khi tc dng vi kh H2 (xc tc Ni, to) sinh ra ancol? A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 1. Cu 7.Cu 12-B13-279: Trong cc cht: stiren, axit acrylic, axit axetic, vinylaxetilen v butan, s cht c kh nng tham gia phn ng cng hiro (xc tc Ni, un nng) l A. 4. B. 2. C. 5. D. 3. Cu 8.Cu 55-CD13-415: Cho cc cht: but-1-en, but-1-in, buta-1,3-ien, vinylaxetilen, isobutilen, anlen. C bao nhiu cht trong s cc cht trn khi phn ng hon ton vi kh H2 d (xc tc Ni, un nng) to ra butan? A. 4. B. 6. C. 5. D. 3.
DNG 5: NHNG CHT PHN NG C VI DUNG DCH NaOH L THUYT + Dn xut halogen R-X + NaOH ROH + NaX + Phenol GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188) Trang: 6.
C6H5OH + NaOH C6H5ONa + H2O + Axit cacboxylic R-COOH + NaOH R-COONa + H 2O + Este RCOOR + NaOH RCOONa + ROH + Mui ca amin R-NH3Cl + NaOH R-NH2 + NaCl + H2O + Aminoaxit H2N-R-COOH + NaOH H 2N-R-RCOONa + H 2O + Mui ca nhm amino ca aminoaxit HOOC-R-NH3Cl + 2NaOH NaOOC-R-NH 2 + NaCl + 2H2O Lu : Cht tc dng vi Na, K - Cha nhm OH: 1 R-OH + Na R-ONa + H2 2 - Cha nhm COOH 1 RCOOH + Na R-COONa + H2 2 CU HI Cu 1.Cu 39-B07-285: Cho cc cht: etyl axetat, anilin, ancol (ru) etylic, axit acrylic, phenol, phenylamoniclorua, ancol (ru) benzylic, p-crezol. Trong cc cht ny, s cht tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH l A. 4. B. 6. C. 5. D. 3. Cu 2.Cu 19-B8-371: Cho cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C2H8O3N2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, thu c cht hu c n chc Y v cc cht v c. Khi lng phn t (theo vC) ca Y l A. 46. B. 85. C. 45. D. 68. Cu 3.Cu 23-CD8-216: Cho dy cc cht: phenol, anilin, phenylamoni clorua, natri phenolat, etanol. S cht trong dy phn ng c vi NaOH (trong dung dch) l A. 3. B. 2. C. 1. D. 4. Cu 4.Cu 15-B9-148: Cho hai hp cht hu c X, Y c cng cng thc phn t l C3H7NO2. Khi phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, X to ra H2NCH2COONa v cht hu c Z; cn Y to ra CH2=CHCOONa v kh T. Cc cht Z v T ln lt l A. CH3OH v NH3. B. CH3OH v CH3NH2. C. CH3NH2 v NH3. D. C2H5OH v N2. Cu 5.Cu 39-B9-148: Hai hp cht hu c X v Y l ng ng k tip, u tc dng vi Na v c phn ng trng bc. Bit phn trm khi lng oxi trong X, Y ln lt l 53,33% v 43,24%. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y tng ng l A. HOCH2CHO v HOCH2CH2CHO. B. HOCH2CH2CHO v HOCH2CH2CH2CHO. C. HOCH(CH3)CHO v HOOCCH2CHO. D. HCOOCH3 v HCOOCH2CH3. Cu 6.Cu 24-CD9-956: S hp cht l ng phn cu to, c cng cng thc phn t C4H8O2, tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH nhng khng tc dng c vi Na l A. 3. B. 1. C. 2. D. 4. Cu 7.Cu 4-B10-937: Hai hp cht hu c X v Y c cng cng thc phn t l C3H7NO2, u l cht rn iu kin thng. Cht X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, gii phng kh. Cht Y c phn ng trng ngng. Cc cht X v Y ln lt l A. vinylamoni fomat v amoni acrylat. B. axit 2-aminopropionic v axit 3-aminopropionic. GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188) Trang: 7.
C. axit 2-aminopropionic v amoni acrylat. D. amoni acrylat v axit 2-aminopropionic. Cu 8.Cu 35-A11-318: Cho dy cc cht: phenylamoni clorua, benzyl clorua, isopropyl clorua, m-crezol, ancol benzylic, natri phenolat, anlyl clorua. S cht trong dy tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH long, un nng l A. 3. B. 4. C. 6. D. 5. Cu 9.Cu 29-B11-846: Cho dy cc cht: phenyl axetat, anlyl axetat, metyl axetat, etyl fomat, tripanmitin. S cht trong dy khi thy phn trong dung dch NaOH (d), un nng sinh ra ancol l A. 3. B. 5. C. 4. D. 2. Cu 10.Cu 5-CD12-169: Cho dy cc dung dch: axit axetic, phenylamoni clorua, natri axetat, metylamin, glyxin, phenol (C6H5OH). S dung dch trong dy tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH l A. 4. B. 3. C. 6. D. 5. DNG 6: NHNG CHT PHN NG C VI DUNG DCH HCl L THUYT - Tnh axit sp xp tng dn C6H5OH < H2CO3 < RCOOH < HCl - Nguyn tc: Axit mnh y axit yu ra khi mui - Nhng cht tc dng c vi HCl gm + Hp cht cha gc hidrocacbon khng no. in hnh l gc vinyl -CH=CH 2 CH2=CH-COOH + HCl CH 3-CHCl-COOH + Mui ca phenol C6H5ONa + HCl C6H5OH + NaCl + Mui ca axit cacboxylic RCOONa + HCl RCOOH + NaCl + Amin R-NH2 + HCl R-NH 3Cl - Aminoaxit HOOC-R-NH2 + HCl HOOC-R-NH 3Cl + Mui ca nhm cacboxyl ca aminoaxit H2N-R-COONa + 2HCl ClH3N-R-COONa + NaCl + Ngoi ra cn c este, peptit, protein, saccarozo, mantozo, tinh bot, xenlulozo tham gia phn ng thy phn trong mi trng axit CU HI Cu 1.Cu 40-B8-371: un nng cht H2N-CH2-CONH-CH(CH3)-CONH-CH2-COOH trong dung dch HCl (d), sau khi cc phn ng kt thc thu c sn phm l: A. H2N-CH2-COOH, H2N-CH(CH3)-COOH. B. H2N-CH2-COOH, H2N-CH2-CH2-COOH. C. H3N+-CH2-COOHCl-, H3N+-CH2-CH2-COOHCl-. D. H3N+-CH2-COOHCl-, H3N+-CH(CH3)-COOHCl-. Cu 2.Cu 49-CD8-216: Cho dy cc cht: C6H5OH (phenol), C6H5NH2 (anilin), H2NCH2COOH, CH3CH2COOH, CH3CH2CH2NH2. S cht trong dy tc dng c vi dung dch HCl l A. 4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 5. Cu 3.Cu 60-CD13-415: Cht no di y khi phn ng vi HCl thu c sn phm chnh l 2clobutan? A. But-2-in. B. But-1-en. C. But-1-in. D. Buta-1,3-ien GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188) Trang: 8.
DNG 7: NHNG CHT PHN NG C VI DUNG DCH NaOH v HCl L THUYT + Axit cacboxylic c gc hidrocacbon khng no CH2=CH-COOH + NaOH CH2=CH-COONa + HCl CH2=CH-COOH + HCl CH 3-CHCl-COOH + Este khng no HCOOCH=CH2 + NaOH HCOONa + OH-CH=CH2 CH3-CHO HCOOCH=CH2 + HCl HCOOCHCl-CH3 + aminoaxit H2N-R-COOH + NaOH H2N-R-COONa + H2O H2N-R-COOH + HCl ClH3N-R-COOH + Este ca aminoaxit H2N-R-COOR + NaOH H2N-R-COONa + ROH H2N-R-COOR + HCl ClH3N-R-COOR + Mui amoni ca axit cacboxylic R-COONH4 + NaOH R-COONa + NH3 + H2O R-COONH4 + HCl R-COOH + NH4Cl CU HI Cu 1.Cu 19-B07-285: Cho cc loi hp cht: aminoaxit (X), mui amoni ca axit cacboxylic (Y), amin (Z), este ca aminoaxit (T). Dy gm cc loi hp cht u tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH v u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl l A. X, Y, Z, T. B. X, Y, T. C. X, Y, Z. D. Y, Z, T. Cu 2.Cu 52-CD9-956: Cho tng cht H2NCH2COOH, CH3COOH, CH3COOCH3 ln lt tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (to) v vi dung dch HCl (to). S phn ng xy ra l A. 5. B. 6. C. 4. D. 3. DNG 8: NHNG CHT PHN NG C VI QU TM L THUYT - Nhng cht lm qu tm chuyn sang mu (tnh axit) + Axit cacboxylic: RCOOH + Mui ca axit mnh v bazo yu: R-NH3Cl + Aminoaxit c s nhm -COOH nhiu hn s nhm -NH2: axit glutamic, - Nhng cht lm qu tm chuyn sang mu xanh (tnh baz) + Amin R-NH2 (tr C6H5NH2) + Mui ca bazo mnh v axit yu RCOONa + Aminoaxit c s nhm NH2 nhiu hn s nhm COOH: lysin,.... CU HI Cu 1.Cu 3-B07-285: Dy gm cc cht u lm giy qu tm m chuyn sang mu xanh l: A. anilin, metyl amin, amoniac. B. amoni clorua, metyl amin, natri hiroxit. C. anilin, amoniac, natri hiroxit. D. metyl amin, amoniac, natri axetat. Cu 2.Cu 32-CD7-439: Trong s cc dung dch: Na2CO3, KCl, CH3COONa, NH4Cl, NaHSO4, C6H5ONa, nhng dung dch c pH > 7 l A. KCl, C6H5ONa, CH3COONa. B. NH4Cl, CH3COONa, NaHSO4. C. Na2CO3, NH4Cl, KCl. D. Na2CO3, C6H5ONa, CH3COONa. Cu 3.Cu 36-A8-329: C cc dung dch ring bit sau: GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188) Trang: 9.
C6H5-NH3Cl (phenylamoni clorua), H2N-CH2-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH, ClH3N-CH2-COOH, HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH, H2N-CH2-COONa. S lng cc dung dch c pH < 7 l A. 2. B. 4. C. 5. D. 3. Cu 4.Cu 38-CD10-824: Dung dch no sau y lm qu tm chuyn mu xanh? A. Phenylamoni clorua. B. Etylamin. C. Anilin. D. Glyxin. Cu 5.Cu 31-CD11-259: Cho cc dung dch: C6H5NH2 (anilin), CH3NH2, NaOH, C2H5OH v H2NCH2COOH. Trong cc dung dch trn, s dung dch c th lm i mu phenolphtalein l A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 5. Cu 6.Cu 44-A11-318: Dung dch no sau y lm qu tm i thnh mu xanh? A. Dung dch lysin. B. Dung dch alanin. C. Dung dch glyxin. D. Dung dch valin. Cu 7.Cu 36-B11-846: Cho ba dung dch c cng nng mol: (1) H2NCH2COOH, (2) CH3COOH, (3) CH3CH2NH2. Dy xp theo th t pH tng dn l: A. 2, 1, 3. B. 2, 3, 1. C. 3, 1, 2. D. 1, 2, 3. Cu 8.Cu 50-A12-296: Dung dch cht no sau y lm qu tm chuyn thnh mu hng? A. Axit aminoaxetic. B. Axit -aminopropionic. C. Axit -aminoglutaric. D. Axit ,-iaminocaproic. Cu 9.Cu 33-A13-193: Dung dch no sau y lm phenolphtalein i mu? A. axit axetic. B. alanin. C. glyxin. D. metylamin Cu 10.Cu 47-A13-193: Trong cc dung dch: CH3CH2NH2, H2NCH2COOH, H2NCH2CH(NH2) COOH, HOOCCH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH, s dung dch lm xanh qu tm l A. 4. B. 3. C. 1. D. 2.
DNG 9: SO SNH TNH BAZ L THUYT - nh gi iu ny, thng thng ta da vo 2 yu t: th nht, gc R l gc y hay ht e; th hai, s lng gc R l bao nhiu. - Nu gc R l y e th n s y e vo nguyn t N, lm tng mt in tch m trn N. Do , N d nhn proton hn, tnh baz s tng. Nu cng nhiu gc R y e th mt e trn N li cng tng, tnh baz cng mnh na. V vy, nu trong phn t amin ton l gc y e th tnh baz s nh sau: NH3 < amin bc I < amin bc II - Ngc li, nu gc R ht e, th n s lm gim mt e trn nguyn t N. Mt in tch m gim, N s kh nhn proton hn, tnh baz s gim. V cng tng t nh trn, nu cng nhiu gc ht e th tnh baz li cng gim na. Nn nu trong phn t amin ton l gc ht th tnh baz s theo th t sau: NH3> amin bc I > amin bc II Tng hp hai nhn xt trn li ta c th t sau: ht bc III < ht bc II < ht bc I < NH3 < y bc I < y bc II - Nhm y: Nhng gc ankyl (gc hydrocacbon no): CH3-, C2H5-, iso propyl Cc nhm cn cha cp e cha lin kt: -OH (cn 2 cp), -NH2 (cn 1 cp). - Nhm ht: tt c cc nhm c cha lin kt , v lin kt ht e rt mnh. Nhng gc hydrocacbon khng no: CH2=CH- , CH2=CH-CH2- Nhng nhm khc cha ni i nh: -COOH (cacboxyl), -CHO (andehyt), -CO- (cacbonyl), -NO2 (nitro), . Cc nguyn t c m in mnh: -Cl, -Br, -F (halogen) VD: Th t sp xp tnh baz: (C6H5-)2NH < C6H5-NH2 < NH3 < CH3-NH2 < C2H5-NH2 < (CH3)2NH < (CH3)3N. GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188) Trang: 10.
CU HI Cu 1.Cu 7-A12-296: Cho dy cc cht: C6H5NH2 (1), C2H5NH2 (2), (C6H5)2NH (3), (C2H5)2NH (4), NH3 (5) (C6H5- l gc phenyl). Dy cc cht sp xp theo th t lc baz gim dn l: A. 3, 1, 5, 2, 4. B. 4, 1, 5, 2, 3. C. 4, 2, 3, 1, 5. D. 4, 2, 5, 1, 3. Cu 2.Cu 47-CD13-415: Dy gm cc cht c sp xp theo th t tng dn lc baz t tri sang phi l: A. Phenylamin, etylamin, amoniac. B. Etylamin, amoniac, phenylamin. C. Etylamin, phenylamin, amoniac. D. Phenylamin, amoniac, etylamin.
DNG 10: SO SNH TNH AXIT L THUYT So snh tnh axit ca 1 s hp cht hu c l so snh linh ng ca nguyn t H trong hp cht hu c Hp cht no c linh ng ca nguyn t H cng cao th tnh axit cng mnh. a. nh ngha linh ng ca nguyn t H (hidro): L kh nng phn ly ra ion H (+) ca hp cht hu c . b). Th t u tin so snh: - so snh ta xt xem cc hp cht hu c cng nhm chc cha nguyn t H linh ng (VD: OH, COOH ....) hay khng. - Nu cc hp cht hu c c cng nhm chc th ta phi xt xem gc hydrocacbon ca cc HCHC l gc y in t hay ht in t. + Nu cc hp cht hu c lin kt vi cc gc y in t (hyrocacbon no) th linh ng ca nguyn t H hay tnh axit ca cc hp cht hu c gim. + Nu cc hp cht hu c lin kt vi cc gc ht in t (hyrocacbon khng no, hyrocacbon thm) th linh ng ca nguyn t H hay tnh axit ca cc hp cht hu c tng. c). So snh tnh axit (hay linh ng ca nguyn t H) ca cc hp cht hu c khc nhm chc.. - Tnh axit gim dn theo th t: Axit V C > Axit hu c > H2CO3 > Phenol > H2O > Ru. d). So snh tnh axit (hay linh ng ca nguyn t H) ca cc hp cht hu c cng nhm chc. - Tnh axit ca hp cht hu c gim dn khi lin kt vi cc gc hyrocacbon (HC) sau: Gc HC c lin kt 3 > gc HC thm > gc HC cha lin kt i > gc HC no. - Nu hp cht hu c cng lin kt vi cc gc y in t (gc hyrocacbon no) th gc axit gim dn theo th t: gc cng di cng phc tp (cng nhiu nhnh) th tnh axit cng gim. VD: CH3COOH > CH3CH2COOH > CH3CH(CH3)COOH. - Nu cc hp cht hu c cng lin kt vi cc gc y in t nhng trong gc ny li cha cc nhm ht in t (halogen) th tnh axit tng gim theo th t sau: + Cng 1 nguyn t halogen, cng xa nhm chc th th tnh axit cng gim. VD: CH3CH(Cl)COOH > ClCH2CH2COOH + Nu cng 1 v tr ca nguyn t th khi lin kt vi cc halogen s gim dn theo th t: F > Cl > Br > I ... VD: FCH2COOH > ClCH2COOH >... CU HI Cu 1.Cu 40-CD9-956: Cho cc cht HCl (X); C2H5OH (Y); CH3COOH (Z); C6H5OH (phenol) (T). Dy gm cc cht c sp xp theo tnh axit tng dn (t tri sang phi) l: A. (T), (Y), (X), (Z). B. (Y), (T), (X), (Z). C. (X), (Z), (T), (Y). D. (Y), (T), (Z), (X). Cu 2.Cu 57-CD11-259: Dy gm cc cht xp theo chiu lc axit tng dn t tri sang phi l: A. HCOOH, CH3COOH, CH3CH2COOH. B. CH3COOH, CH2ClCOOH, CHCl2COOH. C. CH3COOH, HCOOH, (CH3)2CHCOOH. D. C6H5OH, CH3COOH, CH3CH2OH. GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188) Trang: 11.
DNG 11: SO SNH NHIT SI V TAN L THUYT a). nh ngha: Nhit si ca cc hp cht hu c l nhit m ti p sut hi bo ha trn b mt cht lng bng p sut kh quyn. b). Cc yu t nh hng n nhit si ca cc hp cht hu c. C 2 yu t nh hng n nhit si l khi lng phn t ca hp cht hu c v lin kt hiro ca HCHC . c). So snh nhit si gia cc hp cht. - Nu hp cht hu c u khng c lin kt hiro th cht no c khi lng phn t ln hn th nhit si cao hn. - Nu cc hp cht hu c c cng nhm chc th cht no c khi lng phn t ln hn th nhit si cao hn. - Cht c lin kt hiro thi c nhit si cao hn cht khng c lin kt hiro. - Nu cc hp cht hu c c cc nhm chc khc nhau th cht no c linh ng ca nguyn t ln hn th c nhit si cao hn nhng 2 hp cht phi c khi lng phn t xp x nhau. CU HI Cu 1.Cu 20-B07-285: Cho cc cht: axit propionic (X), axit axetic (Y), ancol (ru) etylic (Z) v imetyl ete (T). Dy gm cc cht c sp xp theo chiu tng dn nhit si l A. T, Z, Y, X. B. Z, T, Y, X. C. T, X, Y, Z. D. Y, T, X, Z. Cu 2.Cu 3-A8-329: Dy gm cc cht c xp theo chiu nhit si tng dn t tri sang phi l: A. CH3CHO, C2H5OH, C2H6, CH3COOH. B. CH3COOH, C2H6, CH3CHO, C2H5OH. C. C2H6, C2H5OH, CH3CHO, CH3COOH. D. C2H6, CH3CHO, C2H5OH, CH3COOH. Cu 3.Cu 32-B9-148: Dy gm cc cht c sp xp theo chiu tng dn nhit si t tri sang phi l: A. CH3COOH, C2H5OH, HCOOH, CH3CHO. B. CH3CHO, C2H5OH, HCOOH, CH3COOH. C. CH3COOH, HCOOH, C2H5OH, CH3CHO. D. HCOOH, CH3COOH, C2H5OH, CH3CHO. Cu 4.Cu 21-CD12-169: Cho dy cc cht: etan, etanol, etanal, axit etanoic. Cht c nhit si cao nht trong dy l A. axit etanoic. B. etanol. C. etanal. D. etan.
DNG 12: NG PHN CA CHT HU C L THUYT - Phn loi hp cht * Xc nh gi tr k da vo cng thc CnH2n+2-2kOz (z 0) => Xc nh nhm chc : -OH, -COOH, -CH=O, -COO- => Xc nh gc hirocacbon no, khng no, thm, vng, h - Vit ng phn cho tng loi hp cht * Vit mch C theo th t mch C gim dn. Tm li : T CTTQ k = ? Mch C v nhm chc ng phn (cu to v hnh hc) 1. Cng thc tnh nhanh mt s ng phn thng gp a. Hp cht no, n chc mch h TT CTPT HP CHT CNG THC TNH GHI CH Ancol n chc, no, mch h GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188) 2n 2 1<n<6 Trang: 12.
CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C CnH2n + 2O Ete n chc, no, mch h (n 1)(n 2) 2 (n 2)(n 3) 2 2 n 3 2 n 3 2n 2 2n 1
2<n<6 2<n<7 2<n<7 2<n<7 1<n<5 1<n<5
CnH2nO
Anehit n chc, no, mch h Xeton n chc, no, mch h
3 4
CnH2nO2 CnH2n + 3N
Axit no, n chc, mch h Este n chc, no, mch h Amin n chc, no, mch h
b. Tnh s loi trieste Khi cho glixerol + n axit bo (n nguyn dng) th s loi tri este to ra c tnh theo cng thc: Loi trieste Cng thc (s loi tri este) Trieste cha 1 gc axit ging nhau Trieste cha 2 gc axit khc nhau Trieste cha 3 gc axit khc nhau Cng thc chung (tng s trieste) Vi n = 1: => S trieste = 1 Vi n = 2: => S trieste = 2 + 4. C2 = 6 2 3 Vi n = 3: => S trieste = 3 4. C3 3. C3 = 18 2 2 Vi n 4 => S trieste = n 4. Cn 3. Cn n 2 (n + 1) 2 c.Tnh s loi mono este, ieste Khi cho glixerol + n axit bo th s loi mono este v i este to ra c tnh theo cng thc: Loi este Cng thc Cng thc 2: S trieste = Mono este i este - i este cha 1 loi gc axit - i este cha 2 loi gc axit khc nhau Tng = 2n Cng thc = 2n = 3. Cn
2 2
=n 2 = 4.C n 3 = 3. C n
= n + 4.C2n + 3. C3n (n 3)
(n 2)
2
2n + 2n + 3. Cn
VD : Cho glixerin tc dng vi hn hp 3 axit bo gm C17H35COOH, C17H31COOH v C17H33COOH th to c ti a bao nhiu loi cht bo? A. 12 B. 16 C. 18 D. 20 hng dn gii: Lu s cht bo l s trieste p dng cng thc vi n = 3 ta c: 2 3 n + 4. C3 + 3. C3 = 18 => p n C. d. T n amino axit khc nhau ta c n! s peptit. Nhng nu c i cp amino axit ging nhau th n! cng thc tnh s peptit l i 2 2. iu kin c ng phn hnh hc GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188) Trang: 13.
- C lin kt i trong mch - Cacbon c lin kt i phi gn vi 2 nhm nguyn t khc nhau R1R2C = CR3R4 ( th R1 R2 v R3 R4 ) CU HI Cu 1.Cu 2-B07-285: Cc ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C8H10O (u l dn xut ca benzen) c tnh cht: tch nc thu c sn phm c th trng hp to polime, khng tc dng c vi NaOH. S lng ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C8H10O, tho mn tnh cht trn l A. 1. B. 4. C. 3. D. 2. Cu 2.Cu 28-B07-285: Cho glixerol (glixerin) phn ng vi hn hp axit bo gm C17H35COOH v C15H31COOH, s loi trieste c to ra ti a l A. 6. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4. Cu 3.Cu 43-B07-285: Hai este n chc X v Y l ng phn ca nhau. Khi ho hi 1,85 gam X, thu c th tch hi ng bng th tch ca 0,7 gam N2 (o cng iu kin). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X v Y l A. HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3. B. C2H3COOC2H5 v C2H5COOC2H3. C. C2H5COOCH3 v HCOOCH(CH3)2. D. HCOOCH2CH2CH3 v CH3COOC2H5 Cu 4.Cu 18-CD7-439: C bao nhiu ru (ancol) bc 2, no, n chc, mch h l ng phn cu to ca nhau m phn t ca chng c phn trm khi lng cacbon bng 68,18%? (Cho H = 1; C = 12; O = 16) A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 2. Cu 5.Cu 39-CD7-439: S hp cht n chc, ng phn cu to ca nhau c cng cng thc phn t C4H8O2, u tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH l A. 5. B. 3. C. 6. D. 4. Cu 6.Cu 41-CD7-439: Hp cht hu c X (phn t c vng benzen) c cng thc phn t l C7H8O2, tc dng c vi Na v vi NaOH. Bit rng khi cho X tc dng vi Na d, s mol H2 thu c bng s mol X tham gia phn ng v X ch tc dng c vi NaOH theo t l s mol 1:1. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. CH3OC6H4OH. B. HOC6H4CH2OH. C. CH3C6H3(OH)2. D. C6H5CH(OH)2. Cu 7.Cu 9-A8-329: Khi phn tch thnh phn mt ru (ancol) n chc X th thu c kt qu: tng khi lng ca cacbon v hiro gp 3,625 ln khi lng oxi. S ng phn ru (ancol) ng vi cng thc phn t ca X l A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 1. Cu 8.Cu 10-A8-329: S ng phn este ng vi cng thc phn t C4H8O2 l A. 6. B. 5. C. 2. D. 4. Cu 9.Cu 27-A8-329: S ng phn hirocacbon thm ng vi cng thc phn t C8H10 l A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 5. Cu 10.Cu 46-A8-329: Cho cc cht sau: CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-CH=CH2, CH2=CH-CH=CH-CH2-CH3, CH3-C(CH3)=CH-CH3, CH2=CH-CH2-CH=CH2. S cht c ng phn hnh hc l A. 3. B. 2. C. 1. D. 4. Cu 11.Cu 53-A8-329: S ng phn xeton ng vi cng thc phn t C5H10O l A. 3. B. 5. C. 6. D. 4. Cu 12.Cu 29-B8-371: Hirocacbon mch h X trong phn t ch cha lin kt v c hai nguyn t cacbon bc batrong mt phn t. t chy hon ton 1 th tch X sinh ra 6 th tch CO2 ( cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Khi cho X tc dng vi Cl2 (theo t l s mol 1 : 1), s dn xut monoclo ti a sinh ra l A. 4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 5. Cu 13.Cu 18-B9-148: S ipeptit ti a c th to ra t mt hn hp gm alanin v glyxin l A. 3. B. 1. C. 2. D. 4. Cu 14.Cu 21-CD9-956: S ng phn cu to ca amin bc mt c cng cng thc phn t C4H11N l A. 4. B. 3. C. 5. D. 2.
GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)
Trang: 14.
Cu 15.Cu 55-CD9-956: Cho cc cht: CH2=CHCH=CH2; CH3CH2CH=C(CH3)2; CH3CH=CHCH=CH2; CH3CH=CH2; CH3CH=CHCOOH. S cht c ng phn hnh hc l A. 2. B. 1. C. 4. D. 3. Cu 16.Cu 4-A10-684: Trong s cc cht: C3H8, C3H7Cl, C3H8O v C3H9N; cht c nhiu ng phn cu to nht l A. C3H7Cl. B. C3H8. C. C3H9N. D. C3H8O. Cu 17.Cu 6-A10-684: Tng s cht hu c mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C2H4O2 l A. 1. B. 3. C. 2. D. 4. Cu 18.Cu 10-A10-684: C bao nhiu tripeptit (mch h) khc loi m khi thy phn hon ton u thu c 3 aminoaxit: glyxin, alanin v phenylalanin? A. 4. B. 9. C. 3. D. 6. Cu 19.Cu 11-B10-937: Tng s hp cht hu c no, n chc, mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C5H10O2, phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH nhng khng c phn ng trng bc l A. 4. B. 5. C. 8. D. 9. Cu 20.Cu 11-CD10-824: Hai cht X v Y c cng cng thc phn t C2H4O2. Cht X phn ng c vi kim loi Na v tham gia phn ng trng bc. Cht Y phn ng c vi kim loi Na v ho tan c CaCO3. Cng thc ca X, Y ln lt l: A. HCOOCH3, HOCH2CHO. B. HCOOCH3, CH3COOH. C. HOCH2CHO, CH3COOH. D. CH3COOH, HOCH2CHO. Cu 21.Cu 14-CD10-824: ng vi cng thc phn t C2H7O2N c bao nhiu cht va phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH, va phn ng c vi dung dch HCl? A. 3. B. 1. C. 4. D. 2. Cu 22.Cu 15-CD10-824: Thu phn cht hu c X trong dung dch NaOH (d), un nng, thu c sn phm gm 2 mui v ancol etylic. Cht X l A. CH3COOCH2CH3. B. CH3COOCH2CH2Cl. C. CH3COOCH(Cl)CH3. D. ClCH2COOC2H5. Cu 23.Cu 26-CD10-824: S lin kt (xich ma) c trong mi phn t: etilen; axetilen; buta-1,3-ien ln lt l: A. 5; 3; 9. B. 3; 5; 9. C. 4; 3; 6. D. 4; 2; 6. Cu 24.Cu 43-CD10-824: Cp cht no sau y khng phi l ng phn ca nhau? A. Saccaroz v xenluloz. B. Glucoz v fructoz. C. Ancol etylic v imetyl ete. D. 2-metylpropan-1-ol v butan-2-ol. Cu 25.Cu 52-CD10-824: Cht no sau y c ng phn hnh hc? A. But-2-in. B. 1,2-icloetan. C. 2-clopropen. D. But-2-en. Cu 26.Cu 53-CD10-824: S amin thm bc mt ng vi cng thc phn t C7H9N l A. 3. B. 5. C. 2. D. 4. Cu 27.Cu 33-CD11-259: S ancol ng phn cu to ca nhau c cng thc phn t C5H12O, tc dng vi CuO un nng sinh ra xeton l A. 2. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4. Cu 28.Cu 34-CD11-259: Cht no sau y c ng phn hnh hc? A. CH2=CH-CH=CH2. B. CH3-CH=C(CH3)2. C. CH3-CH=CH-CH=CH2. D. CH2=CH-CH2-CH3. Cu 29.Cu 37-CD11-259: Hai cht hu c X, Y c thnh phn phn t gm C, H, O (MX < MY < 82). C X v Y u c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc v u phn ng c vi dung dch KHCO3 sinh ra kh CO2. T khi hi ca Y so vi X c gi tr l A. 1,47. B. 1,91. C. 1,57. D. 1,61. Cu 30.Cu 46-CD11-259: Cho cc cht: axetilen, vinylaxetilen, cumen, stiren, xiclohexan, xiclopropan v xiclopentan. Trong cc cht trn, s cht phn ng c vi dung dch brom l A. 6. B. 4. C. 5. D. 3. Cu 31.Cu 47-CD11-259: S hp cht ng phn cu to ca nhau c cng thc phn t C8H10O, trong phn t c vng benzen, tc dng c vi Na, khng tc dng c vi NaOH l A. 7. B. 6. C. 4. D. 5. GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)
2
Trang: 15.
Cu 32.Cu 11-A11-318: Cho 13,8 gam cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C7H8 tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 45,9 gam kt ta. X c bao nhiu ng phn cu to tha mn tnh cht trn? A. 5. B. 6. C. 4. D. 2. Cu 33.Cu 13-A11-318: Hp cht hu c X cha vng benzen c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin nht. Trong X, t l khi lng cc nguyn t l mC : mH : mO = 21 : 2 : 8. Bit khi X phn ng hon ton vi Na th thu c s mol kh hiro bng s mol ca X phn ng. X c bao nhiu ng phn (cha vng benzen) tha mn cc tnh cht trn? A. 3. B. 9. C. 7. D. 10. Cu 34.Cu 50-A11-318: Cho buta-1,3-ien phn ng cng vi Br2 theo t l mol 1:1. S dn xut ibrom (ng phn cu to v ng phn hnh hc) thu c l A. 2. B. 4. C. 1. D. 3. Cu 35.Cu 32-B11-846: Ancol v amin no sau y cng bc? A. (CH3)2CHOH v (CH3)2CHNH2. B. (C6H5)2NH v C6H5CH2OH. C. C6H5NHCH3 v C6H5CH(OH)CH3. D. (CH3)3COH v (CH3)3CNH2. Cu 36.Cu 49-B11-846: S ng phn cu to ca C5H10 phn ng c vi dung dch brom l A. 8. B. 7. C. 9. D. 5. Cu 37.Cu 5-B12-359: Thy phn este X mch h c cng thc phn t C4H6O2, sn phm thu c c kh nng trng bc. S este X tha mn tnh cht trn l A. 4. B. 3. C. 6. D. 5. Cu 38.Cu 35-A12-296: Hiro ha hon ton hirocacbon mch h X thu c isopentan. S cng thc cu to c th c ca X l A. 6. B. 7. C. 4. D. 5. Cu 39.Cu 40-A12-296: Cho dy cc hp cht thm: p-HO-CH2-C6H4-OH, p-HO-C6H4-COOC2H5, pHO-C6H4-COOH, p-HCOO-C6H4-OH, p-CH3O-C6H4-OH. C bao nhiu cht trong dy tha mn ng thi 2 iu kin sau? (a) Ch tc dng vi NaOH theo t l mol 1 : 1. (b) Tc dng c vi Na (d) to ra s mol H2 bng s mol cht phn ng. A. 3. B. 4. C. 1. D. 2. Cu 40.Cu 16-B12-359: S trieste khi thy phn u thu c sn phm gm glixerol, axit CH3COOH v axit C2H5COOH l A. 9. B. 4. C. 6. D. 2. Cu 41.Cu 45-B12-359: C bao nhiu cht cha vng benzen c cng cng thc phn t C7H8O? A. 3. B. 5. C. 6. D. 4. Cu 42.Cu 47-B12-359: Cho axit cacboxylic X phn ng vi cht Y thu c mt mui c cng thc phn t C3H9O2N (sn phm duy nht). S cp cht X v Y tha mn iu kin trn l A. 3. B. 2. C. 4. D. 1. Cu 43.Cu 15-CD12-169: S ancol bc I l ng phn cu to ca nhau c cng thc phn t C5H12O l A. 8. B. 1. C. 4. D. 3. Cu 44.Cu 38-CD12-169: S nhm amino v s nhm cacboxyl c trong mt phn t axit glutamic tng ng l A. 1 v 2. B. 1 v 1. C. 2 v 1. D. 2 v 2. Cu 45.Cu 25-A13-193: ng vi cng thc phn t C4H10O c bao nhiu ancol l ng phn cu to ca nhau? A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 5. Cu 46. Cu 20-B13-279: S ng phn amin bc mt, cha vng benzen, c cng cng thc phn t C7H9N l A. 3. B. 2. C. 5. D. 4. Cu 47. Cu 37-B13-279: Cht no sau y trong phn t ch c lin kt n? A. Metyl fomat. B. Axit axetic. C. Anehit axetic. D. Ancol etylic.
GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)
Trang: 16.
Cu 48. Cu 4-CD13-415: S ng phn cha vng benzen, c cng thc phn t C7H8O, phn ng c vi Na l A. 4. B. 5. C. 3. D. 2. Cu 49. Cu 25-CD13-415: S ng phn cu to, mch h ng vi cng thc phn t C4H6 l A. 4. B. 2. C. 5. D. 3. Cu 50. Cu 42-CD13-415: Hp cht X c cng thc phn t C5H8O2, khi tham gia phn ng x phng ha thu c mt anehit v mt mui ca axit cacboxylic. S ng phn cu to tha mn tnh cht trn ca X l A. 5. B. 3. C. 4. D. 2.
DNG 13: PHN NG TCH NC CA ANCOL L THUYT 1. Cc loi phn ng tch nc * C 3 loi sau: Tch nc to anken Tch nc to ete. Tch nc c bit. 2. Phn ng tc nc to anken ( olefin) a. iu in: * k ancol n, no s C 2. * k phn ng: H2SO4 c, 170oC. dkpu CnH2n + H2O. b. Phn ng: CnH2n + 1OH n 2 Ancol no, n anken ( olefin) X Y Ta c: dY/X < 1 3. Phn ng tch nc to ete. a. iu in: * k ancol: vi mi ancol. * k phn ng: H2SO4 c, 140oC. b. Phn ng: H 2 SO4 R-O-R + H2O. * ancol n: ROH + ROH 140o C X Y ta c: dY/X > 1 H 2 SO4 Rb-(O)a.b-Ra + a.b H2O * ancol a: bR(OH)a + aR(OH)b 140o C 4. Tch nc c bit. a. Phn ng C2H5OH vi oxit kim loi ( Al2O3,...) 450oC. Al2 O3 , ZnO CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + H2 + 2H2O. 2C2H5OH 450o C buta-1,3-dien b. Phn ng tch nc ca ancol a vi H2SO4 c, 170oC. H 2 SO4 CH3CHO + H2O C2H4(OH)2 1700 C
H 2 SO4 HOCH2-CH2-CHO + H2O C3H5(OH)3 1700 C
CU HI Cu 1.Cu 2-A7-748: Khi tch nc t mt cht X c cng thc phn t C4H10O to thnh ba anken l ng phn ca nhau (tnh c ng phn hnh hc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. CH3CH(CH3)CH2OH. B. CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3. C. CH3OCH2CH2CH3. D. (CH3)3COH. GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188) Trang: 17.
Cu 2.Cu 47-CD7-439: Khi thc hin phn ng tch nc i vi ru (ancol) X, ch thu c mt anken duy nht. Oxi ho hon ton mt lng cht X thu c 5,6 lt CO2 ( ktc) v 5,4 gam nc. C bao nhiu cng thc cu to ph hp vi X? (Cho H = 1; C = 12; O = 16) A. 4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 5. Cu 3.Cu 31-A8-329: Khi tch nc t ru (ancol) 3-metylbutanol-2 (hay 3-metylbutan-2-ol), sn phm chnh thu c l A. 2-metylbuten-3 (hay 2-metylbut-3-en). B. 2-metylbuten-2 (hay 2-metylbut-2-en). C. 3-metylbuten-2 (hay 3-metylbut-2-en). D. 3-metylbuten-1 (hay 3-metylbut-1-en). Cu 4.Cu 11-CD8-216: Khi un nng hn hp ru (ancol) gm CH3OH v C2H5OH (xc tc H2SO4 c, 140oC) th s ete thu c ti a l A. 4. B. 2. C. 1. D. 3. Cu 5.Cu 16-B13-279: Tn gi ca anken (sn phm chnh) thu c khi un nng ancol c cng thc (CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH3 vi dung dch H2SO4 c l A. 3-metylbut-2-en. B. 2-metylbut-1-en. C. 2-metylbut-2-en. D. 3-metylbut-1-en. Cu 6.Cu 55-B13-279: un si dung dch gm cht X v KOH c trong C2H5OH, thu c etilen. Cng thc ca X l A. CH3COOH.B. CH3CHCl2. C. CH3CH2Cl. D. CH3COOCH=CH2.
DNG 14: PHN NG CNG NC V PHN NG THY PHN L THUYT 1. Phn ng cng H2O a. Cc anken cng H2O/H+ to ancol H+ CnH2n + H2O CnH2n+1OH - Thng anken cng H2O/H+ c th to ra 2 ancol, nu anken c tnh i xng th ch to mt ancol duy nht. b. Ankin cng H2O/HgSO4 to andehit hoc xeton - C2H2 cng nc to ra andehit HgSO4 ,t o C2H2 + H2O CH3CHO - Cc ankin khc cng nc to ra xeton HgSO4 ,t o R-CC-R + H2O R CO- CH2-R 2. Phn ng thy phn a.Este b thy phn trong mi trng axit, mi trng kim - Trong mi trng axit thy phn este l phn ng thun nghch, trong mi trng kim thy phn este l phn ng mt chiu ( gi l phn ng x phng ha) - este n thy phn H+ RCOOR + H2O RCOOH + ROH RCOOR + NaOH RCOONa + ROH Este thy phn thng to ancol, nhng nu este dng RCOOCH=R th to andehit, este dng RCOOCR=R th to xeton. RCOOC6H4R + 2NaOH RCOONa + RC6H5ONa + H2O R C = O + NaOH HO R COONa O - este a thy phn Ra(COO)abRb + abNaOH aR(COONa)b + bR(OH)a b. Cht bo x phng ha to ra mui v glixerol (RCOO)3C3H5 + NaOH 3RCOONa + C3H5(OH)3 GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188) Trang: 18.
c. disaccarit, polisaccarit ( saccaroz, mantoz, tinh bt, xenluloz) b thy phn trong mi trng axit H+ C12H22O11 + H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 Saccaroz glucoz fructoz H+ C12H22O11 + H2O C6H12O6 Mantoz glucoz H+ (C6H10O5)n + nH2O nC6H12O6 Tinh bt, xenluloz glucoz d. Peptit v protein thy phn trong mi trng axit, ln mi trng kim - thy phn hon ton H+ H[NH-R-CO]nOH + (n-1) H2O nH2N-R-COOH H[NH-R-CO]nOH + n NaOH nH2N-R-COONa + H2O - Thy phn khng hon ton peptit trong mi trng axit thu c cc peptit nh hn v amino axit CU HI Cu 1.Cu 21-A1-748: Hirat ha 2 anken ch to thnh 2 ancol (ru). Hai anken l A. 2-metylpropen v but-1-en (hoc buten-1). B. eten v but-1-en (hoc buten-1). C. propen v but-2-en (hoc buten-2). D. eten v but-2-en (hoc buten-2). Cu 2.Cu 51-A1-748: Mt este c cng thc phn t l C4H6O2, khi thu phn trong mi trng axit thu c axetanehit. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca este l A. CH2=CH-COO-CH3. B. HCOO-C(CH3)=CH2. C. HCOO-CH=CH-CH3. D. CH3COO-CH=CH2. Cu 3.Cu 46-B07-285: Thy phn este c cng thc phn t C4H8O2 (vi xc tc axit), thu c 2 sn phm hu c X v Y. T X c th iu ch trc tip ra Y. Vy cht X l A. ru metylic. B. etyl axetat. C. axit fomic. D. ru etylic. Cu 4.Cu 37-CD7-439: Este X khng no, mch h, c t khi hi so vi oxi bng 3,125 v khi tham gia phn ng x phng ho to ra mt anehit v mt mui ca axit hu c. C bao nhiu cng thc cu to ph hp vi X? A. 2. B. 4. C. 5. D. 3. Cu 5.Cu 12-A8-329: Tinh bt, xenluloz, saccaroz, mantoz u c kh nng tham gia phn ng A. thy phn. B. trng gng. C. trng ngng. D. ho tan Cu(OH)2. Cu 6.Cu 37-A9-438: X phng ho mt hp cht c cng thc phn t C10H14O6 trong dung dch NaOH (d), thu c glixerol v hn hp gm ba mui (khng c ng phn hnh hc). Cng thc ca ba mui l: A. CH2=CH-COONa, CH3-CH2-COONa v HCOONa. B. CH3-COONa, HCOONa v CH3-CH=CH-COONa. C. CH2=CH-COONa, HCOONa v CHC-COONa. D. HCOONa, CHC-COONa v CH3-CH2-COONa. Cu 7.Cu 21-A10-684: Anken X hp nc to thnh 3-etylpentan-3-ol. Tn ca X l A. 3-etylpent-2-en. B. 3-etylpent-3-en. C. 3-etylpent-1-en. D. 2-etylpent-2-en. Cu 8.Cu 8-B10-937: Cc cht u khng b thu phn trong dung dch H2SO4 long nng l: A. t capron; nilon-6,6; polietilen. B. poli(vinyl axetat); polietilen; cao su buna. C. nilon-6,6; poli(etylen-terephtalat); polistiren. D. polietilen; cao su buna; polistiren. Cu 9.Cu 17-B10-937: Thy phn este Z trong mi trng axit thu c hai cht hu c X v Y (MX < MY). Bng mt phn ng c th chuyn ho X thnh Y. Cht Z khng th l A. metyl propionat. B. metyl axetat. C. etyl axetat. D. vinyl axetat. Cu 10.Cu 37-B10-937: Hp cht hu c mch h X c cng thc phn t C6H10O4. Thu phn X to ra hai ancol n chc c s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t gp i nhau. Cng thc ca X l A. C2H5OCO-COOCH3. B. CH3OCO-CH2-CH2-COOC2H5. C. CH3OCO-CH2-COOC2H5. D. CH3OCO-COOC3H7.
GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)
Trang: 19.
Cu 11.Cu 48-B10-937: Thy phn hon ton 1 mol pentapeptit X, thu c 2 mol glyxin (Gly), 1 mol alanin (Ala), 1 mol valin (Val) v 1 mol phenylalanin (Phe). Thy phn khng hon ton X thu c ipeptit Val-Phe v tripeptit Gly-Ala-Val nhng khng thu c ipeptit Gly-Gly. Cht X c cng thc l A. Gly-Ala-Val-Phe-Gly. B. Gly-Phe-Gly-Ala-Val. C. Val-Phe-Gly-Ala-Gly. D. Gly-Ala-Val-Val-Phe. Cu 12.Cu 44-CD10-824: Nu thu phn khng hon ton pentapeptit Gly-Ala-Gly-Ala-Gly th thu c ti a bao nhiu ipeptit khc nhau? A. 1. B. 4. C. 2. D. 3. Cu 13.Cu 1-CD11-259: Cho cc polime: (1) polietilen, (2) poli(metyl metacrylat), (3) polibutaien, (4) polistiren, (5) poli(vinyl axetat) v (6) t nilon-6,6. Trong cc polime trn, cc polime c th b thu phn trong dung dch axit v dung dch kim l: A. (1), (4), (5). B. (1), (2), (5). C. (2), (5), (6). D. (2), (3), (6). Cu 14.Cu 37-B12-359: Este X l hp cht thm c cng thc phn t l C9H10O2. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, to ra hai mui u c phn t khi ln hn 80. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. CH3COOCH2C6H5. B. HCOOC6H4C2H5. C. C6H5COOC2H5. D. C2H5COOC6H5. Cu 15.Cu 41-B12-359: Cho dy cc cht sau: toluen, phenyl fomat, fructoz, glyxylvalin (Gly-Val), etylen glicol, triolein. S cht b thu phn trong mi trng axit l A. 6. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. Cu 16. Cu 56-B12-359: Hirat ha 2-metylbut-2-en (iu kin nhit , xc tc thch hp) thu c sn phm chnh l A. 2-metylbutan-2-ol. B. 3-metylbutan-2-ol. C. 3-metylbutan-1-ol. D. 2-metylbutan-3-ol. Cu 17. Cu 28-CD12-169: Cho cc este: etyl fomat (1), vinyl axetat (2), triolein (3), metyl acrylat (4), phenyl axetat (5). Dy gm cc este u phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH (un nng) sinh ra ancol l: A. 1, 3, 4. B. 3, 4, 5. C. 1, 2, 3. D. 2, 3, 5. Cu 18. Cu 28-A13-193: Cht no sau y khi un nng vi dung dch NaOH thu c sn phm c anehit? A. CH3COOCH2CH=CH2. B. CH3COOC(CH3)=CH2. C. CH2=CHCOOCH2CH3. D. CH3COOCH=CHCH3. Cu 19. Cu 43-A13-193: Dy cc cht u c kh nng tham gia phn ng thy phn trong dung dch H2SO4 un nng l: A. glucoz, tinh bt v xenluloz. B. saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz. C. glucoz, saccaroz v fructoz. D. fructoz, saccaroz v tinh bt. Cu 20. Cu 44-B13-279: Este no sau y khi phn ng vi dung dch NaOH d, un nng khng to ra hai mui? A. C6H5COOC6H5 (phenyl benzoat). B. CH3COO[CH2]2OOCCH2CH3. C. CH3OOCCOOCH3. D. CH3COOC6H5 (phenyl axetat). Cu 21. Cu 30-CD13-415: Khi x phng ha triglixerit X bng dung dch NaOH d, un nng, thu c sn phm gm glixerol, natri oleat, natri stearat v natri panmitat. S ng phn cu to tha mn tnh cht trn ca X l A. 4. B. 2. C. 1. D. 3.
DNG 15: PHN LOI POLIME L THUYT I. Mt s khi nim 1. Polime: l hp cht c phn t khi ln, phn t do nhiu n v c s ( gi l mt xch) lin kt vi nhau 2.monome l nhng phn t nh, phn ng to nn polime GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188) Trang: 20.
3. h s n: l polime ha hay h s polime 4. Mt xch: xt ,t o VD: n CH2 = CH2 ( CH2 CH2 )n Monome polime => mt xch l -CH2-CH2II. Phn loi. C 2 cch phn loi polime l da vo ngun gc, da vo cch tng hp. * Da vo ngun gc chia 3 loi: + polime thin nhin: c trong t nhin nh bng, t tm + polime nhn to ( polime bn tng hp): do ch ha t polime t nhin nh t visco, t axetat, cao su lu ha + polime tng hp: do con ngi to nn t cc monome Ch : polime nhn to v tng hp u l polime ha hc. * Da vo cch tng hp ( p dng phn loi polime tng hp) + Polime trng hp: c tng hp bng phn ng trng hp + Polime trng ngng: c tng hp bng phn ng trng ngng III. Cu trc. - Cc mt xch ca polime c th ni vi nhau to thnh cc loi mch: * Mch khng phn nhnh: thng cc cht khi trng hp, trng ngng u c cu trc mch khng phn nhnh tr nhng trng hp nu bn di. * Mch phn nhnh: amilopectin, glicogen... * Mng khng gian: cao su lu ha, nha bakelit,... - Cc mt xch trong mch polime ni vi nhau theo mt trt t nht inh ( v d: u ni vi ui, u ni vi u ...) th ngi ta gi polime c cu to iu ha. Cn cc mt xch ni vi nhau khng theo mt trt t, quy lut nht nh th ngi ta gi polime c cu to khng iu ha. IV. Mt s loi vt liu polime 1. Cht do Phn loi Tn Monome to thnh ngun gc cch tng hp PE: polietilen CH2=CH2 Nha tng hp Trng hp PP: polipropilen CH2=CH-CH3 Nha tng hp Trng hp PVC: poli (vinyl clorua) CH2=CH-Cl Nha tng hp Trng hp PVA: poli ( vinyl axetat) CH2=CH-OOCCH3 Nha tng hp Trng hp PS: poli stiren CH2=CH-C6H5 Nha tng hp Trng hp Plexiglas CH2=C-COOCH3 Nha tng hp Trng hp thy tinh hu c poli (metyl metacrylat) CH3 Teflon CF2=CF2 Nha tng hp Trng hp Bch kim hu c Nha poli acrylic CH2=CH-COOH Nha tng hp Trng hp Poli ( phenol fomandehit): PPF Nha tng hp Trng hp * Nha novolac *un nng hn hp fomandehit v phenol ly d vi xc tc axit c nha novolac * Nha rezol * un nng hn hp phenol vi fomandehit theo t l mol 1: 1,2 c xc tc kim * Nha rezit hay bakelit thu c nha rezol * Khi un nng nha rezol nhit 150oC thu c nha rezit hay l bakelit. 2. T GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188) Trang: 21.
Tn
CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C Mono me to thnh Phn loi Ngun gc Cch tng hp
GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)
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CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C Hexametylen iamin H2N-(CH2)6-NH2 V axit adipic HOOC-(CH2)4 -COOH axit -aminocaproic H2N-(CH2)5-COOH Cacprolactam; C6H11ON c cu trc vng 7 cnh axit -aminoenang H2N-(CH2)6-COOH Axit terephtalic HOOC-C6H4-COOH etylen glycol HO-CH2-CH2-OH Vinyl xianua ( acrilonitrin) CH2=CH-CN Clo ha PVC hn hp xenlulozo diaxxetat v xenlulozo triaxetat. Thin nhin T tng hp poliamit T tng hp poliamit T tng hp poliamit T tng hp poliamit T tng hp polieste T tng hp t vinylic T tng hp t vinylic Nhn to Nhn to Tn Mono me to thnh CH2=CH-CH=CH2 CH2=CH-CH=CH2 v CH2=CH-C6H5 CH2=CH-CH=CH2 v CH2=CH-CN CH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2 Trng ngng
Bng , len, t tm, t nhn... T nilon-6,6 poli( hexametylen-adipamit) T nilon-6 Policaproamit T capron T nilon-7 T enan T lapsan
Trng ngng Trng hp Trng ngng Trng ngng
T nitron ( olon ) poliacrilonitrin T clorin T axetat T visco 3. Cao su Cao su Buna Cao su Buna - S Cao su Buna-N
Trng hp clo ha
Phn loi Ngun gc Cch tng hp cao su tng hp trng hp cao su tng hp n trng hp cao su tng hp ng trng hp
Cao su isopren cao su tng hp trng hp Ca su thin nhin t nhin 4. Keo dn ure-fomandehit H+, to H+, to n (NH2)2CO + n HCHO n H2N-CO-NH-CH2OH (-NH-CO-NH-CH2-)n + n H2O ure fomandehit monometyllolure poli( ure-fomandehit) Keo dn ure-pomandehit c sn xut t poli( ure-fomandehit) CU HI Cu 1.Cu 3-A7-748: Nilon6,6 l mt loi A. t visco. B. t poliamit. C. polieste. D. t axetat. Cu 2.Cu 49-CD7-439: Trong s cc loi t sau: t tm, t visco, t nilon-6,6, t axetat, t capron, t enang, nhng loi t no thuc loi t nhn to? A. T visco v t nilon-6,6. B. T tm v t enang. C. T nilon-6,6 v t capron. D. T visco v t axetat. Cu 3.Cu 37-B8-371: Polime c cu trc mng khng gian (mng li) l A. PVC. B. PE. C. nha bakelit. D. amilopectin. Cu 4.Cu 8-A10-684: Cho cc loi t: bng, t capron, t xenluloz axetat, t tm, t nitron, nilon-6,6. S t tng hp l A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 5. Cu 5.Cu 60-A10-684: Trong cc polime sau: (1) poli(metyl metacrylat); (2) polistiren; (3) nilon-7; (4) poli(etylen- terephtalat); (5) nilon-6,6; (6) poli(vinyl axetat), cc polime l sn phm ca phn ng trng ngng l: A. (3), (4), (5). B. (1), (3), (6). C. (1), (3), (5). D. (1), (2), (3). GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188) Trang: 23.
Cu 6.Cu 14-B11-846: Cho cc t sau: t xenluloz axetat, t capron, t nitron, t visco, t nilon-6,6. C bao nhiu t thuc loi t poliamit? A. 3. B. 4. C. 1. D. 2. Cu 7.Cu 25-A12-296: Loi t no sau y c iu ch bng phn ng trng hp? A. T nitron. B. T visco. C. T xenluloz axetat. D. T nilon-6,6. Cu 8.Cu 59-A12-296: C cc cht sau: keo dn ure-fomanehit; t lapsan; t nilon-6,6; protein; si bng; amoni axetat; nha novolac. Trong cc cht trn, c bao nhiu cht m trong phn t ca chng c cha nhm -NH-CO-? A. 6. B. 4. C. 3. D. 5. Cu 9.Cu 9-B12-359: Cc polime thuc loi t nhn to l A. t visco v t nilon-6,6. B. t tm v t vinilon. C. t nilon-6,6 v t capron. D. t visco v t xenluloz axetat. Cu 10.Cu 60-B12-359: Cho cc cht: caprolactam (1), isopropylbenzen (2), acrilonitrin (3), glyxin (4), vinyl axetat (5). Cc cht c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng hp to polime l A. 1, 2 v 3. B. 1, 2 v 5. C. 1, 3 v 5. D. 3, 4 v 5. Cu 11. Cu 3-A13-193: T nilon-6,6 l sn phm trng ngng ca A. axit aipic v etylen glicol. B. axit aipic v hexametyleniamin. C. axit aipic v glixerol. D. etylen glicol v hexametyleniamin. Cu 12. Cu 1-B13-279: Trong cc polime: t tm, si bng, t visco, t nilon-6, t nitron, nhng polime c ngun gc t xenluloz l A. si bng, t visco v t nilon-6. B. t tm, si bng v t nitron. C. si bng v t visco. D. t visco v t nilon-6. Cu 13. Cu 60-B13-279: T nitron (olon) l sn phm trng hp ca monome no sau y? A. CH2=CHCN. B. CH3COOCH=CH2. C. CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3. D. CH2=CHCH=CH2. Cu 14. Cu 56-CD13-415: T no di y thuc loi t nhn to? A. T nilon-6,6. B. T axetat. C. T tm. D. T capron. DNG 16: NHNG CHT THAM GIA PHN NG TRNG HP, TRNG NGNG L THUYT 1. iu kin cc cht tham gia phn ng trng hp. - vng km bn: VD: caprolactam - c lin kt bi nh + anken, ankin, ankadien + stiren,.. + hp cht c lin kt i nh c nhm vinyl ( CH2=CH-), axit acrylic, axit metacrylic.. 2. iu kin cc cht c th tham gia phn ng trng ngng - c t nht 2 nhm chc c kh nng phn ng ta lin kt tr ln ( ch yu: tch H hoc OH) nh COOH, - NH2 OH. VD: HOOC-[CH2]4-COOH, H2N-[CH2]6-NH2, H2N-[CH2]5-COOH, HO-CH2-CH2-OH, CU HI Cu 1.Cu 18-B07-285: Dy gm cc cht c dng tng hp cao su Buna-S l: A. CH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2, C6H5CH=CH2. B. CH2=CH-CH=CH2, C6H5CH=CH2. C. CH2=CH-CH=CH2, lu hunh. D. CH2=CH-CH=CH2, CH3-CH=CH2. Cu 2.Cu 36-CD7-439: Polivinyl axetat (hoc poli(vinyl axetat)) l polime c iu ch bng phn ng trng hp A. C2H5COO-CH=CH2. B. CH2=CH-COO-C2H5. C. CH3COO-CH=CH2. D. CH2=CH-COO-CH3. Cu 3.Cu 50-CD7-439: Polime dng ch to thu tinh hu c (plexiglas) c iu ch bng phn ng trng hp GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188) Trang: 24.
A. CH2 =CHCOOCH3. B. CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3. C. CH3COOCH=CH2. D. C6H5CH=CH2. Cu 4.Cu 25-CD8-216: T nilon - 6,6 c iu ch bng phn ng trng ngng A. HOOC-(CH2)2-CH(NH2)-COOH. B. HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH v HO-(CH2)2-OH. C. HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH v H2N-(CH2)6-NH2. D. H2N-(CH2)5-COOH. Cu 5.Cu 9-A9-438: Poli(metyl metacrylat) v nilon-6 c to thnh t cc monome tng ng l B. CH2=C(CH3)-COOCH3 v H2N-[CH2]6-COOH. A. CH2=CH-COOCH3 v H2N-[CH2]6-COOH. C. CH2=C(CH3)-COOCH3 v H2N-[CH2]5-COOH. D. CH3-COO-CH=CH2 v H2N-[CH2]5-COOH. Cu 6.Cu 23-B9-148: Dy gm cc cht u c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng hp l: A. stiren; clobenzen; isopren; but-1-en. B. 1,2-iclopropan; vinylaxetilen; vinylbenzen; toluen. C. buta-1,3-ien; cumen; etilen; trans-but-2-en. D. 1,1,2,2-tetrafloeten; propilen; stiren; vinyl clorua. Cu 7.Cu 19-CD10-824: Polime no sau y c tng hp bng phn ng trng ngng? A. poliacrilonitrin. B. poli(metyl metacrylat). C. polistiren. D. poli(etylen terephtalat). Cu 8.Cu 18-A11-318: Sn phm hu c ca phn ng no sau y khng dng ch to t tng hp? A. Trng ngng hexametyleniamin vi axit aipic. B. Trng hp vinyl xianua. C. Trng ngng axit -aminocaproic. D. Trng hp metyl metacrylat. DNG 17: CC PHT BIU TRONG HA HU C L THUYT - Cc em cn xem k bi phenol, cacbohidrat, polime, amin amino axit peptit v protein ( cc pht biu ch yu trong cc bi ny. - Ngoi ra cc chng khc, ch yu pht biu v nhng tnh cht ha hc c bit ca cc cht, v vy cc em khi hc cc chng ny nh este, ancol, hidrocacbon thm, cn ch nh nhng im ny. CU HI Cu 1.Cu 11-A1-748: Pht biu khng ng l: A. Dung dch natri phenolat phn ng vi kh CO2, ly kt ta va to ra cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH li thu c natri phenolat. B. Phenol phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, ly mui va to ra cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl li thu c phenol. C. Axit axetic phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, ly dung dch mui va to ra cho tc dng vi kh CO2 li thu c axit axetic. D. Anilin phn ng vi dung dch HCl, ly mui va to ra cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH li thu c anilin. Cu 2.Cu 25-A1-748: chng minh trong phn t ca glucoz c nhiu nhm hiroxyl, ngi ta cho dung dch glucoz phn ng vi A. Cu(OH)2 trong NaOH, un nng. B. kim loi Na. C. Cu(OH)2 nhit thng. D. AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3, un nng. Cu 3.Cu 41-A1-748: Mnh khng ng l: A. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 cng dy ng ng vi CH2=CHCOOCH3. B. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c anehit v mui. C. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 tc dng c vi dung dch Br2. D. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 c th trng hp to polime. Cu 4.Cu 16-B07-285: Mt trong nhng im khc nhau ca protit so vi lipit v glucoz l A. protit lun cha chc hiroxyl. B. protit lun cha nit. GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188) Trang: 25.
C. protit lun l cht hu c no. D. protit c khi lng phn t ln hn. Cu 5.Cu 42-B07-285: Pht biu khng ng l A. Dung dch fructoz ho tan c Cu(OH)2. B. Thy phn (xc tc H+, to) saccaroz cng nh mantoz u cho cng mt monosaccarit. C. Sn phm thy phn xenluloz (xc tc H+, to) c th tham gia phn ng trng gng. D. Dung dch mantoz tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 khi un nng cho kt ta Cu2O. Cu 6.Cu 55-CD7-439: T l s ngi cht v bnh phi do ht thuc l gp hng chc ln s ngi khng ht thuc l. Cht gy nghin v gy ung th c trong thuc l l A. moocphin. B. cafein. C. aspirin. D. nicotin. Cu 7.Cu 2-A8-329: Este X c cc c im sau: - t chy hon ton X to thnh CO2 v H2O c s mol bng nhau; - Thu phn X trong mi trng axit c cht Y (tham gia phn ng trng gng) v cht Z (c s nguyn t cacbon bng mt na s nguyn t cacbon trong X). Pht biu khng ng l: A. Cht X thuc loi este no, n chc. B. t chy hon ton 1 mol X sinh ra sn phm gm 2 mol CO2 v 2 mol H2O. C. Cht Y tan v hn trong nc. D. un Z vi dung dch H2SO4 c 170oC thu c anken. Cu 8.Cu 13-A8-329: Gluxit (cacbohirat) ch cha hai gc glucoz trong phn t l A. tinh bt. B. mantoz. C. xenluloz. D. saccaroz Cu 9.Cu 17-A8-329: Pht biu ng l: A. Phn ng thy phn este trong mi trng axit l phn ng thun nghch. B. Phn ng gia axit v ru khi c H2SO4 c l phn ng mt chiu. C. Tt c cc este phn ng vi dung dch kim lun thu c sn phm cui cng l mui v ru ancol. D. Khi thy phn cht bo lun thu c C2H4(OH)2. Cu 10.Cu 23-A8-329: Pht biu khng ng l: A. Trong dung dch, H2N-CH2-COOH cn tn ti dng ion lng cc H3N+-CH2-COO-. B. Aminoaxit l hp cht hu c tp chc, phn t cha ng thi nhm amino v nhm cacboxyl. C. Hp cht H2N-CH2-COOH3N-CH3 l este ca glyxin (hay glixin). D. Aminoaxit l nhng cht rn, kt tinh, tan tt trong nc v c v ngt. Cu 11.Cu 25-A8-329: Pht biu ng l: A. Cc cht etilen, toluen v stiren u tham gia phn ng trng hp. B. Tnh baz ca anilin mnh hn ca amoniac. C. Cao su thin nhin l sn phm trng hp ca isopren. D. Tnh axit ca phenol yu hn ca ru (ancol). Cu 12.Cu 60-A9-438: Pht biu no sau y l ng? A. Benzen lm mt mu nc brom nhit thng. B. Anilin tc dng vi axit nitr khi un nng, thu c mui iazoni. C. Cc ancol a chc u phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 to dung dch mu xanh lam. D. Etylamin phn ng vi axit nitr nhit thng, sinh ra bt kh. Cu 13.Cu 37-B9-148: Pht biu no sau y l ng? A. T visco l t tng hp. B. Trng ngng buta-1,3-ien vi acrilonitrin c xc tc Na c cao su buna-N. C. Trng hp stiren thu c poli(phenol-fomanehit). D. Poli(etylen terephtalat) c iu ch bng phn ng trng ngng cc monome tng ng. Cu 14.Cu 44-B9-148: Pht biu no sau y l ng? A. Saccaroz lm mt mu nc brom. B. Xenluloz c cu trc mch phn nhnh. C. Amilopectin c cu trc mch phn nhnh. D. Glucoz b kh bi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3. Cu 15.Cu 53-B9-148: Pht biu no sau y khng ng? A. Glucoz tc dng c vi nc brom. B. Khi glucoz dng vng th tt c cc nhm OH u to ete vi CH3OH. GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188) Trang: 26.
C. Glucoz tn ti dng mch h v dng mch vng. D. dng mch h, glucoz c 5 nhm OH k nhau. Cu 16.Cu 10-CD9-956: Pht biu no sau y sai? A. Trong cng nghip c th chuyn ho cht bo lng thnh cht bo rn. B. Nhit si ca este thp hn hn so vi ancol c cng phn t khi. C. Sn phm ca phn ng x phng ho cht bo l axit bo v glixerol. D. S nguyn t hiro trong phn t este n v a chc lun l mt s chn. Cu 17.Cu 15-A10-684: Trong s cc pht biu sau v phenol (C6H5OH): (1) Phenol tan t trong nc nhng tan nhiu trong dung dch HCl. (2) Phenol c tnh axit, dung dch phenol khng lm i mu qu tm. (3) Phenol dng sn xut keo dn, cht dit nm mc. (4) Phenol tham gia phn ng th brom v th nitro d hn benzen. Cc pht biu ng l: A. (2), (3), (4). B. (1), (2), (4). C. (1), (2), (3). D. (1), (3), (4). Cu 18.Cu 41-B10-937: Pht biu no sau y ng? A. Khi un C2H5Br vi dung dch KOH ch thu c etilen. B. un ancol etylic 140oC (xc tc H2SO4 c) thu c imetyl ete. C. Dung dch phenol lm phenolphtalein khng mu chuyn thnh mu hng. D. Dy cc cht: C2H5Cl, C2H5Br, C2H5I c nhit si tng dn t tri sang phi. Cu 19.Cu 40-CD10-824: Pht biu ng l: A. Vinyl axetat phn ng vi dung dch NaOH sinh ra ancol etylic. B. Phenol phn ng c vi nc brom. C. Thu phn benzyl clorua thu c phenol. D. Phenol phn ng c vi dung dch NaHCO3. Cu 20.Cu 9-CD11-259: Pht biu no sau y ng? A. Trong mt phn t tetrapeptit mch h c 4 lin kt peptit. B. Trong mi trng kim, ipeptit mch h tc dng c vi Cu(OH)2 cho hp cht mu tm. C. Cc hp cht peptit km bn trong mi trng baz nhng bn trong mi trng axit. D. Amino axit l hp cht c tnh lng tnh. Cu 21.Cu 58-CD11-259: C mt s nhn xt v cacbohirat nh sau: (1) Saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz u c th b thu phn. (2) Glucoz, fructoz, saccaroz u tc dng c vi Cu(OH)2 v c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc. (3) Tinh bt v xenluloz l ng phn cu to ca nhau. (4) Phn t xenluloz c cu to bi nhiu gc -glucoz. (5) Thu phn tinh bt trong mi trng axit sinh ra fructoz. Trong cc nhn xt trn, s nhn xt ng l A. 2. B. 4. C. 3. D. 5. Cu 22.Cu 16-A11-318: Khi ni v peptit v protein, pht biu no sau y l sai? A. Tt c cc protein u tan trong nc to thnh dung dch keo. B. Protein c phn ng mu biure vi Cu(OH)2 . C. Lin kt ca nhm CO vi nhm NH gia hai n v -amino axit c gi l lin kt peptit. D. Thy phn hon ton protein n gin thu c cc -amino axit. Cu 23.Cu 53-A11-318: Pht biu no sau y v anehit v xeton l sai? A. Axeton khng phn ng c vi nc brom. B. Anehit fomic tc dng vi H2O to thnh sn phm khng bn. C. Hiro xianua cng vo nhm cacbonyl to thnh sn phm khng bn. D. Axetanehit phn ng c vi nc brom. Cu 24.Cu 9-B11-846: Cho cc pht biu sau v cacbohirat: (a) Glucoz v saccaroz u l cht rn c v ngt, d tan trong nc. (b) Tinh bt v xenluloz u l polisaccarit. (c) Trong dung dch, glucoz v saccaroz u ho tan Cu(OH)2, to phc mu xanh lam. (d) Khi thu phn hon ton hn hp gm tinh bt v saccaroz trong mi trng axit, ch thu GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188) Trang: 27.
c mt loi monosaccarit duy nht. (e) Khi un nng glucoz (hoc fructoz) vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c Ag. (g) Glucoz v saccaroz u tc dng vi H2 (xc tc Ni, un nng) to sobitol. S pht biu ng l A. 5. B. 6. C. 4. D. 3. Cu 25.Cu 12-B11-846: Cho cc pht biu sau: (a) Khi t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon X bt k, nu thu c s mol CO2 bng s mol H2O th X l anken. (b) Trong thnh phn hp cht hu c nht thit phi c cacbon. (c) Lin kt ho hc ch yu trong hp cht hu c l lin kt cng ho tr. (d) Nhng hp cht hu c khc nhau c cng phn t khi l ng phn ca nhau. (e) Phn ng hu c thng xy ra nhanh v khng theo mt hng nht nh. (g) Hp cht C9H14BrCl c vng benzen trong phn t. S pht biu ng l A. 3. B. 2. C. 5. D. 4. Cu 26.Cu 34-B11-846: Pht biu no sau y ng? A. Trong phn ng este ha gia CH3COOH vi CH3OH, H2O to nn t -OH trong nhm COOH ca axit v H trong nhm OH ca ancol. B. Tt c cc este u tan tt trong nc, khng c, c dng lm cht to hng trong cng nghip thc phm, m phm. C. phn bit benzen, toluen v stiren ( iu kin thng) bng phng php ho hc, ch cn dng thuc th l nc brom. D. Phn ng gia axit axetic vi ancol benzylic ( iu kin thch hp), to thnh benzyl axetat c mi thm ca chui chn. Cu 27.Cu 46-B11-846: Cho cc pht biu sau: (a) Anehit va c tnh oxi ho va c tnh kh. (b) Phenol tham gia phn ng th brom kh hn benzen. (c) Anehit tc dng vi H2 (d) c xc tc Ni un nng, thu c ancol bc mt. (d) Dung dch axit axetic tc dng c vi Cu(OH)2. (e) Dung dch phenol trong nc lm qu tm ho . (g) Trong cng nghip, axeton c sn xut t cumen. S pht biu ng l A. 4. B. 3. C. 5. D. 2. Cu 28.Cu 55-B11-846: Pht biu khng ng l: A. Metylamin tan trong nc cho dung dch c mi trng baz. B. Protein l nhng polipeptit cao phn t c phn t khi t vi chc nghn n vi triu. C. Etylamin tc dng vi axit nitr nhit thng to ra etanol. D. ipeptit glyxylalanin (mch h) c 2 lin kt peptit. Cu 29.Cu 57-B11-846: Cho cc pht biu sau: (a) C th dng nc brom phn bit glucoz v fructoz. (b) Trong mi trng axit, glucoz v fructoz c th chuyn ho ln nhau. (c) C th phn bit glucoz v fructoz bng phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3. (d) Trong dung dch, glucoz v fructoz u ho tan Cu(OH)2 nhit thng cho dung dch mu xanh lam. (e) Trong dung dch, fructoz tn ti ch yu dng mch h. (g) Trong dung dch, glucoz tn ti ch yu dng vng 6 cnh (dng v ). S pht biu ng l A. 4. B. 3. C. 5. D. 2. Cu 30.Cu 2-A12-296: Cho cc pht biu sau: (a) Cht bo c gi chung l triglixerit hay triaxylglixerol. (b) Cht bo nh hn nc, khng tan trong nc nhng tan nhiu trong dung mi hu c. (c) Phn ng thy phn cht bo trong mi trng axit l phn ng thun nghch. GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188) Trang: 28.
(d) Tristearin, triolein c cng thc ln lt l: (C17H33COO)3C3H5, (C17H35COO)3C3H5. S pht biu ng l A. 4. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3. Cu 31. Cu 17-A12-296: Cho cc pht biu sau v phenol (C6H5OH): (a) Phenol tan nhiu trong nc lnh. (b) Phenol c tnh axit nhng dung dch phenol trong nc khng lm i mu qu tm. (c) Phenol c dng sn xut phm nhum, cht dit nm mc. (d) Nguyn t H ca vng benzen trong phenol d b thay th hn nguyn t H trong benzen. (e) Cho nc brom vo dung dch phenol thy xut hin kt ta. S pht biu ng l A. 4. B. 2. C. 5. D. 3. Cu 32.Cu 21-A12-296: Pht biu no sau y l ng? A. Tt c cc peptit u c phn ng mu biure. B. H2N-CH2-CH2-CO-NH-CH2-COOH l mt ipeptit. C. Mui phenylamoni clorua khng tan trong nc. D. iu kin thng, metylamin v imetylamin l nhng cht kh c mi khai. Cu 33.Cu 24-A12-296: Cho cc pht biu sau: (a) t chy hon ton este no, n chc, mch h lun thu c s mol CO2 bng s mol H2O. (b) Trong hp cht hu c nht thit phi c cacbon v hiro. (c) Nhng hp cht hu c c thnh phn nguyn t ging nhau, thnh phn phn t hn km nhau mt hay nhiu nhm CH2 l ng ng ca nhau. (d) Dung dch glucoz b kh bi AgNO3 trong NH3 to ra Ag. (e) Saccaroz ch c cu to mch vng. S pht biu ng l A. 5. B. 3. C. 4. D. 2. Cu 34.Cu 55-A12-296: Cho cc pht biu sau v cacbohirat: (a) Tt c cc cacbohirat u c phn ng thy phn. (b) Thy phn hon ton tinh bt thu c glucoz. (c) Glucoz, fructoz v mantoz u c phn ng trng bc. (d) Glucoz lm mt mu nc brom. S pht biu ng l A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 35.Cu 6-B12-359: Th nghim no sau y chng t trong phn t glucoz c 5 nhm hiroxyl? A. Kh hon ton glucoz thnh hexan. B. Cho glucoz tc dng vi Cu(OH)2. C. Tin hnh phn ng to este ca glucoz vi anhirit axetic. D. Thc hin phn ng trng bc. Cu 36.Cu 6-CD12-169: Cho cc pht biu sau: (1) Fructoz v glucoz u c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc; (2) Saccaroz v tinh bt u khng b thy phn khi c axit H2SO4 (long) lm xc tc; (3) Tinh bt c to thnh trong cy xanh nh qu trnh quang hp; (4) Xenluloz v saccaroz u thuc loi isaccarit. Pht biu ng l A. (1) v (2). B. (3) v (4). C. (2) v (4). D. (1) v (3). Cu 37.Cu 9-CD12-169: Pht biu no sau y l ng? A. Si bng, t tm thuc loi polime thin nhin. B. T visco, t xenluloz axetat u thuc loi t tng hp. C. Polietilen v poli(vinyl clorua) l sn phm ca phn ng trng ngng. D. T nilon6,6 c iu ch t hexametyleniamin v axit axetic. Cu 38.Cu 13-CD12-169: Pht biu no sau y l sai? A. Protein n gin c to thnh t cc gc -amino axit. B. Tt c cc peptit u c kh nng tham gia phn ng thy phn. GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188) Trang: 29.
C. Trong phn t ipeptit mch h c hai lin kt peptit. D. Tripeptit GlyAlaGly c phn ng mu biure vi Cu(OH)2. Cu 39.Cu 19-CD12-169: Pht biu no sau y l ng? A. Este isoamyl axetat c mi chui chn. B. Etylen glicol l ancol no, n chc, mch h. C. Axit bo l nhng axit cacboxylic a chc. D. Ancol etylic tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH. Cu 40.Cu 37-CD12-169: Pht biu no sau y l sai? A. Poli(metyl metacrylat) c dng ch to thy tinh hu c. B. Cao su bunaN thuc loi cao su thin nhin. C. Lc baz ca anilin yu hn lc baz ca metylamin. D. Cht bo cn c gi l triglixerit hoc triaxylglixerol. Cu 41. Cu 53-CD12-169: Pht biu no sau y l ng? A. Axit glutamic l thnh phn chnh ca bt ngt. B. Amino axit thuc loi hp cht hu c tp chc. C. Cc amino axit thin nhin hu ht l cc -amino axit. D. nhit thng, cc amino axit u l nhng cht lng. Cu 42. Cu 59-CD12-169: Cho cc pht biu: (1) Tt c cc anehit u c c tnh oxi ho v tnh kh; (2) Tt c cc axit cacboxylic u khng tham gia phn ng trng bc; (3) Phn ng thy phn este trong mi trng axit l phn ng thun nghch; (4) Tt c cc ancol no, a chc u ha tan c Cu(OH)2. Pht biu ng l A. 2 v 4. B. 1 v 3. C. 3 v 4. D. 1 v 2. Cu 55 : Cho cc pht biu sau: Cu 43. -A13-193 (a) Glucoz c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc. (b) S chuyn ha tinh bt trong c th ngi c sinh ra mantoz (c) Mantoz c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc. (d) Saccaroz c cu to t hai gc -glucoz v -fructoz. Trong cc pht biu trn, s pht biu ng l A. 4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 1. Cu 44. Cu 11-B13-279: Pht biu no sau y khng ng? A. Triolein c kh nng tham gia phn ng cng hiro khi un nng c xc tc Ni. B. Cc cht bo thng khng tan trong nc v nh hn nc. C. Cht bo b thy phn khi un nng trong dung dch kim. D. Cht bo l trieste ca etylen glicol vi cc axit bo. Cu 45. Cu 24-B13-279: Cho cc pht biu sau: (a) Cc cht CH3NH2, C2H5OH, NaHCO3 u c kh nng phn ng vi HCOOH. (b) Phn ng th brom vo vng benzen ca phenol (C6H5OH) d hn ca benzen. (c) Oxi ha khng hon ton etilen l phng php hin i sn xut anehit axetic. (d) Phenol (C6H5OH) tan t trong etanol. Trong cc pht biu trn, s pht biu ng l A. 4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 1. Cu 46. Cu 30-B13-279: Cacbohirat no sau y thuc loi isaccarit? A. Amiloz. B. Saccaroz. C. Glucoz. D. Xenluloz. Cu 47. Cu 42-B13-279: Cho cc pht biu sau: (a) Hiro ha hon ton glucoz to ra axit gluconic. (b) iu kin thng, glucoz v saccaroz u l nhng cht rn, d tan trong nc. (c) Xenluloz trinitrat l nguyn liu sn xut t nhn to v ch to thuc sng khng khi. (d) Amilopectin trong tinh bt ch c cc lin kt -1,4-glicozit. (e) Sacaroz b ha en trong H2SO4 c. GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188) Trang: 30.
(f) Trong cng nghip dc phm, saccaroz c dng pha ch thuc. Trong cc pht biu trn, s pht biu ng l A. 2. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4. Cu 48. Cu 3-CD13-415: Pht biu no sau y l ng? A. Saccaroz c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc. B. Hiro ha hon ton glucoz (xc tc Ni, un nng) to ra sobitol. C. Xenluloz tan tt trong nc v etanol. D. Thy phn hon ton tinh bt trong dung dch H2SO4, un nng, to ra fructoz. DNG 18: TNG HP TNH CHT CA CHT HU C L THUYT - Cn nm c c ch, quy tc ca cc phn ng, xc c s lng cc sn phm c th xy ra, xc nh c sn phm chnh, sn phm ph. - Nm tnh cht ha hc ca cc hp cht c bn thng gp nh phenol, anilin, axit axetic, ancol etilic, metyl amin. - Nm c cc phn ng vi cc tc nhn thng gp nh NaOH, HCl, qu tm, AgNO3/NH3, dung dch Br2, H2 CU HI Cu 1.Cu 53-A1-748: Cho cc cht: HCN, H2, dung dch KMnO4, dung dch Br2. S cht phn ng c vi (CH3)2CO l A. 4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 1. 9-B07-285: Cho tt c cc ng phn n chc, mch h, c cng cng thc phn t Cu 2.Cu C2H4O2 ln lt tc dng vi: Na, NaOH, NaHCO3. S phn ng xy ra l A. 2. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3. Cu 3.Cu 56: Dy gm cc cht u phn ng vi phenol l: A. dung dch NaCl, dung dch NaOH, kim loi Na. B. nc brom, anhirit axetic, dung dch NaOH. C. nc brom, axit axetic, dung dch NaOH. D. nc brom, anehit axetic, dung dch NaOH. Cu 4.Cu 8-CD7-439: Cho cht X tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sau c cn dung dch thu c cht rn Y v cht hu c Z. Cho Z tc dng vi AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3 thu c cht hu c T. Cho cht T tc dng vi dung dch NaOH li thu c cht Y. Cht X c th l A. CH3COOCH=CH-CH3. B. CH3COOCH=CH2. C. HCOOCH3. D. HCOOCH=CH2. Cu 5.Cu 13-CD7-439: Cho cc cht sau: phenol, etanol, axit axetic, natri phenolat, natri hiroxit. S cp cht tc dng c vi nhau l A. 1. B. 3. C. 2. D. 4. Cu 6.Cu 29-A8-329: Cho glixerin trioleat (hay triolein) ln lt vo mi ng nghim cha ring bit: Na, Cu(OH)2, CH3OH, dung dch Br2, dung dch NaOH. Trong iu kin thch hp, s phn ng xy ra l A. 4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 5. Cu 7.Cu 49-A8-329: Cho iso-pentan tc dng vi Cl2 theo t l s mol 1 : 1, s sn phm monoclo ti a thu c l A. 2. B. 4. C. 3. D. 5. Cu 8.Cu 11-B8-371: nh hng ca nhm -OH n gc C6H5- trong phn t phenol th hin qua phn ng gia phenol vi A. H2 (Ni, nung nng). B. dung dch NaOH.C. Na kim loi. D. nc Br2. Cu 9.Cu 56-B8-371: Ba cht hu c mch h X, Y, Z c cng cng thc phn t C3H6O v c cc tnh cht: X, Z u phn ng vi nc brom; X, Y, Z u phn ng vi H2 nhng ch c Z khng b thay i nhm chc; cht Y ch tc dng vi brom khi c mt CH3COOH. Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l: GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188) Trang: 31.
A. C2H5CHO, (CH3)2CO, CH2=CH-CH2OH. B. C2H5CHO, CH2=CH-O-CH3, (CH3)2CO. C. (CH3)2CO, C2H5CHO, CH2=CH-CH2OH. D. CH2=CH-CH2OH, C2H5CHO, (CH3)2CO Cu 10.Cu 4-CD8-216: Hai cht hu c X1 v X2 u c khi lng phn t bng 60 vC. X1 c kh nng phn ng vi: Na, NaOH, Na2CO3. X2 phn ng vi NaOH (un nng) nhng khng phn ng Na. Cng thc cu to ca X1, X2 ln lt l: A. CH3-COOH, CH3-COO-CH3. B. (CH3)2CH-OH, H-COO-CH3. C. H-COO-CH3, CH3-COOH. D. CH3-COOH, H-COO-CH3. Cu 11.Cu 7-A9-438: Hp cht hu c X tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH v dung dch brom nhng khng tc dng vi dung dch NaHCO3. Tn gi ca X l A. axit acrylic. B. anilin. C. metyl axetat. D. phenol. Cu 12.Cu 48-A9-438: Cacbohirat nht thit phi cha nhm chc ca A. ancol. B. anehit. C. xeton. D. amin. Cu 13.Cu 31-B9-148: Cho mt s tnh cht: c dng si (1); tan trong nc (2); tan trong nc Svayde (3); phn ng vi axit nitric c (xc tc axit sunfuric c) (4); tham gia phn ng trng bc (5); b thu phn trong dung dch axit un nng (6). Cc tnh cht ca xenluloz l: A. (2), (3), (4) v (5). B. (3), (4), (5) v (6). C. (1), (2), (3) v (4). D. (1), (3), (4) v (6). Cu 14.Cu 48-B9-148: t chy hon ton 1 mol hp cht hu c X, thu c 4 mol CO2. Cht X tc dng c vi Na, tham gia phn ng trng bc v phn ng cng Br2 theo t l mol 1 : 1. Cng thc cu to ca X l A. HO-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-CHO. B. HOOC-CH=CH-COOH. C. HO-CH2-CH=CH-CHO. D. HO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CHO. Cu 15.Cu 56-CD9-956: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi ancol etylic l: A. NaOH, K, MgO, HCOOH (xc tc). B. HBr (to), Na, CuO (to), CH3COOH (xc tc). C. Na2CO3, CuO (to), CH3COOH (xc tc), (CH3CO)2O. D. Ca, CuO (to), C6H5OH (phenol), HOCH2CH2OH. Cu 16.Cu 59-CD9-956: Hai hp cht hu c X, Y c cng cng thc phn t C3H6O2. C X v Y u tc dng vi Na; X tc dng c vi NaHCO3 cn Y c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y ln lt l A. C2H5COOH v HCOOC2H5. B. HCOOC2H5 v HOCH2CH2CHO. C. C2H5COOH v CH3CH(OH)CHO. D. HCOOC2H5 v HOCH2COCH3. Cu 17.Cu 53-A10-684: t chy hon ton V lt hi mt amin X bng mt lng oxi va to ra 8V lt hn hp gm kh cacbonic, kh nit v hi nc (cc th tch kh v hi u o cng iu kin). Amin X tc dng vi axit nitr nhit thng, gii phng kh nit. Cht X l A. CH2=CH-CH2-NH2. B. CH3-CH2-NH-CH3. C. CH2=CH-NH-CH3. D. CH3-CH2-CH2-NH2. Cu 18.Cu 24-B10-937: Cho phn ng: 2C6H5-CHO + KOH C6H5-COOK + C6H5-CH2-OH Phn ng ny chng t C6H5-CHO A. ch th hin tnh oxi ho. B. khng th hin tnh kh v tnh oxi ho. C. va th hin tnh oxi ho, va th hin tnh kh. D. ch th hin tnh kh. Cu 19.Cu 17-CD10-824: Thu phn hon ton tinh bt trong dung dch axit v c long, thu c cht hu c X. Cho X phn ng vi kh H2 (xc tc Ni, to), thu c cht hu c Y. Cc cht X, Y ln lt l: A. glucoz, fructoz. B. glucoz, etanol. C. glucoz, saccaroz. D. glucoz, sobitol. Cu 20.Cu 51-CD10-824: Kh nng phn ng th nguyn t clo bng nhm -OH ca cc cht c xp theo chiu tng dn t tri sang phi l: A. phenyl clorua, propyl clorua, anlyl clorua. B. anlyl clorua, phenyl clorua, propyl clorua. C. phenyl clorua, anlyl clorua, propyl clorua. D. anlyl clorua, propyl clorua, phenyl clorua. Cu 21.Cu 60-CD10-824: iu kin thch hp: cht X phn ng vi cht Y to ra anehit axetic; cht X phn ng vi cht Z to ra ancol etylic. Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l: A. C2H4, O2, H2O. B. C2H2, H2O, H2. C. C2H2, O2, H2O. D. C2H4, H2O, CO. GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188) Trang: 32.
Cu 22.Cu 4-CD11-259: Sn phm ch yu trong hn hp thu c khi cho toluen phn ng vi brom theo t l s mol 1:1 (c mt bt st) l A. p-bromtoluen v m-bromtoluen. B. benzyl bromua. C. o-bromtoluen v p-bromtoluen. D. o-bromtoluen v m-bromtoluen. Cu 23.Cu 49-CD11-259: un si hn hp gm propyl bromua, kali hiroxit v etanol thu c sn phm hu c l A. propan-2-ol. B. propin. C. propen. D. propan. Cu 24.Cu 56-CD11-259: Cht X tc dng vi benzen (xt, t) to thnh etylbenzen. Cht X l A. C2H4. B. C2H2. C. CH4. D. C2H6. Cu 25.Cu 46-A11-318: X, Y, Z l cc hp cht mch h, bn c cng cng thc phn t C3H6O. X tc dng c vi Na v khng c phn ng trng bc. Y khng tc dng c vi Na nhng c phn ng trng bc. Z khng tc dng c vi Na v khng c phn ng trng bc. Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l: A. CH3-CO-CH3, CH3-CH2-CHO, CH2=CH-CH2-OH. B. CH3-CH2-CHO, CH3-CO-CH3, CH2=CH-CH2-OH. C. CH2=CH-CH2-OH, CH3-CO-CH3, CH3-CH2-CHO. D. CH2=CH-CH2-OH, CH3-CH2-CHO, CH3-CO-CH3. Cu 26.Cu 17-B11-846: Triolein khng tc dng vi cht (hoc dung dch) no sau y? A. H2 (xc tc Ni, un nng). B. Dung dch NaOH (un nng). C. H2O (xc tc H2SO4 long, un nng). D. Cu(OH)2 ( iu kin thng). Cu 27.Cu 26-B11-846: Ho tan cht X vo nc thu c dung dch trong sut, ri thm tip dung dch cht Y th thu c cht Z (lm vn c dung dch). Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l: A. anilin, axit clohiric, phenylamoni clorua. B. phenol, natri hiroxit, natri phenolat. C. natri phenolat, axit clohiric, phenol. D. phenylamoni clorua, axit clohiric, anilin. Cu 28.Cu 53-B12-359: Cho phenol (C6H5OH) ln lt tc dng vi (CH3CO)2O v cc dung dch: NaOH, HCl, Br2, HNO3, CH3COOH. S trng hp xy ra phn ng l A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 1. Cu 29.Cu 46-CD12-169: Cht no sau y va tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH, va tc dng c vi nc Br2? A. CH3CH2COOH. B. CH3COOCH3. C. CH2=CHCOOH. D. CH3CH2CH2OH. Cu 30.Cu 17-A13-193: Dung dch axit axetic phn ng c vi tt c cc cht trong dy no sau y? A. NaOH, Cu, NaCl. B. Na, NaCl, CuO. C. NaOH, Na, CaCO3. D. Na, CuO, HCl. Cu 31. Cu 22-A13-193: Phenol phn ng c vi dung dch no sau y? A. NaCl. B. HCl. C. NaHCO3. D. KOH. Cu 32. Cu 36-A13-193: Khi c chiu sng, hirocacbon no sau y tham gia phn ng th vi clo theo t l mol 1 : 1, thu c ba dn xut monoclo l ng phn cu to ca nhau? A. neopentan. B. pentan. C. butan. D. isopentan. Cu 33. Cu 10-CD13-415: Dung dch phenol (C6H5OH) khng phn ng c vi cht no sau y? A. Na. B. Br2. C. NaCl. D. NaOH.
DNG 19: TNG HP S HU C L THUYT - Cc em cn nm vng tnh cht ha hc ca cc hp cht hu c, nh cc iu kin ca phn ng, cc quy tc sau: + Qui tc th vo ankan + Qui tc cng Maccopnhicop + Qui tc tch Zaixep + Qui tc th vo bezen - Mt s phn ng lm tng mch C. GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188) Trang: 33.
15000 c + T 1C 1C : 2CH4 C2H2 + 3H2 CuCl , NH 4Cl ,t 0 + T 2C 4C : 2C2H2 CH C-CH=CH2 0 MgO , ZnO ,t c 2C2H5OH CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + 2H2O + H2 6000 c ,C + T 2C 6C 3C2H2 C6H6 + Ni 2 gc ankyl : R-Cl + R -Cl + 2Na R-R + 2NaCl - Tng mch C gn vo nhn benzen AlCl3 ,t o Ar-R + R-X R-Ar-R ( orto , para ) - Chuyn ho hp cht c oxi + CuO ,t o + R ' OH / H 2 SO4 dac + O2 / Mn2+ R-CHO H + / OH R-OH R-COOH Este Ancol o + H 2 ,t
- Mt s phn ng lm gim mch C. + Phn ng crckinh ankan + anken ) CaO ,t 0 c + CH3COONa + NaOH CH4 + Na2CO3 - Mt s phn ng khng lm thay i mch C. + Hirocacbon khng no Hirocacbon no Ni ,t 0 CnH2n+2-2a + a H2 CnH2n+2 + Hirocacbon no thnh Hirocacbon khng no ( vng thm ) - ehiro ho (loi b hydr ) - Cc phn ng khc. HgSO4 CH3CHO + C2H2 + H2O 800 C + Al4C3 + 12H2O 4Al(OH)3 + 3CH4 + CaC2 + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + C2H2. Lu : - Trong bi tp iu ch nu dng phn ng to ra hn hp sn phm th ch ly sn phm chnh iu ch, khng ly sn phm ph. - Thnh phn ca kh thin nhin : CH4 (90%), cn li C2H6, C3H8, C4H10 - Kh crckinh: Hyrocacbon cha no ( C2H4, C3H6, C4H8) , ankan (CH4, C2H6, C4H10 v H2) - Kh than : Ch yu l H2 (60%), CH4 (25%) cn li l CO, CO2, N2... - Kh l cao : CO2, CO, O2, N2 ... CU HI Cu 1.Cu 42-A1-748: Cho s + NaOHdac , du + Cl2 ( tilemol1:1) + HCl Y X C6H6 Z pcao ,t o cao Fe ,t o Hai cht hu c Y, Z ln lt l A. C6H5ONa, C6H5OH. B. C6H4(OH)2, C6H4Cl2. C. C6H5OH, C6H5Cl. D. C6H6(OH)6, C6H6Cl6. Cu 2.Cu 55-B07-285: Cho s phn ng: + CH 3 I + CuO + HONO X Z NH3 Y ( tilemol1:1) to Bit Z c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng. Hai cht Y v Z ln lt l: C. CH3OH, HCHO. D. CH3OH, HCOOH A. C2H5OH, HCHO. B. C2H5OH, CH3CHO. Cu 3.Cu 38-CD7-439: Cho s chuyn ho: Glucoz X Y CH3COOH. Hai cht X, Y ln lt l A. CH3CH2OH v CH2=CH2. B. CH3CH(OH)COOH v CH3CHO. C. CH3CH2OH v CH3CHO. D. CH3CHO v CH3CH2OH. Cu 4.Cu 8-A8-329: Cho s chuyn ho sau: C3H4O2 + NaOH X + Y X + H2SO4 long Z + T Bit Y v Z u c phn ng trng gng. Hai cht Y, Z tng ng l: A. CH3CHO, HCOOH. B. HCOONa, CH3CHO. C. HCHO, CH3CHO. D. HCHO, HCOOH. Cu 5.Cu 14-B8-371: Cho cc phn ng: GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188) Trang: 34.

to
HBr + C2H5OH C2H4 + Br2 askt (1:1mol ) C2H4 + HBr C2H6 + Br2 S phn ng to ra C2H5Br l A. 4. B. 2. C. 1. D. 3. Cu 6.Cu 26-B8-371: Cho s chuyn ho sau: + HCldu + Br2 (1:1mol ) Fe ,t o + NaOH ,t o , p Toluen X Y Z Trong X, Y, Z u l hn hp ca cc cht hu c. Z c thnh phn chnh gm A. m-metylphenol v o-metylphenol. B. o-metylphenol v p-metylphenol. C. benzyl bromua v o-bromtoluen. D. o-bromtoluen v p-bromtoluen. Cu 7.Cu 50-CD8-216: Cho s chuyn ha sau (mi mi tn l mt phng trnh phn ng): Tinh bt X Y Z metyl axetat. Cc cht Y, Z trong s trn ln lt l: A. C2H5OH, CH3COOH. B. CH3COOH, CH3OH. C. CH3COOH, C2H5OH. D. C2H4, CH3COOH. Cu 8.Cu 51-A9-438: Cho dy chuyn ho sau: + NaOH +X Phenol phenol axetat Y ( hp cht thm) to Hai cht X, Y trong s trn ln lt l: A. anhirit axetic, phenol. B. axit axetic, phenol. C. anhirit axetic, natri phenolat. D. axit axetic, natri phenolat. Cu 9.Cu 58-A9-438: Cho s chuyn ha: H+ KCN CH3CH2Cl Y X to Cng thc cu to ca X, Y ln lt l: A. CH3CH2NH2, CH3CH2COOH. B. CH3CH2CN, CH3CH2CHO. C. CH3CH2CN, CH3CH2COOH. D. CH3CH2CN, CH3CH2COONH4. Cu 10.Cu 60-B9-148: Cho s chuyn ho: + HBr Mg ,etekhan H 2 SO4 dac ,t o Butan-2-ol Y Z X (anken) Trong X, Y, Z l sn phm chnh. Cng thc ca Z l A. (CH3)3C-MgBr. B. CH3-CH2-CH2 -CH2-MgBr. C. CH3-CH(MgBr)-CH2-CH3. D. (CH3)2CH-CH2-MgBr. Cu 11.Cu 38-CD9-956: Cht X c cng thc phn t C4H9O2N. Bit: X + NaOH Y + CH4O Y + HCl (d) Z + NaCl Cng thc cu to ca X v Z ln lt l A. CH3CH(NH2)COOCH3 v CH3CH(NH3Cl)COOH. B. H2NCH2CH2COOCH3 v CH3CH(NH3Cl)COOH. C. H2NCH2COOC2H5 v ClH3NCH2COOH. D. CH3CH(NH2)COOCH3 v CH3CH(NH2)COOH. Cu 12.Cu 48-CD9-956: Cho cc chuyn ho sau: xt ,t o X + H2O Y Ni ,t o Y + H2 Sobitol Y + 2AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O Amoni glucozat + 2Ag + 2NH4NO3 Xt Y E + Z as, diepluc Z + H2O X + G X, Y v Z ln lt l: A. tinh bt, glucoz v kh cacbonic. B. xenluloz, glucoz v kh cacbon oxit. C. xenluloz, fructoz v kh cacbonic. D. tinh bt, glucoz v ancol etylic. Cu 13.Cu 16-A10-684: Cho s chuyn ho: + HCl + H 2 du ( Ni ,t o ) + NaOHdu ,t o Triolein Z X Y GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188) Trang: 35.
Tn ca Z l A. axit stearic. B. axit oleic. C. axit panmitic. D. axit linoleic. Cu 14.Cu 24-A10-684: Cho s chuyn ho: + ddBr2 + O2 , xt + NaOH + CH 3OH , xt ,t o + CuO ,t o C3H6 Y X T Z E ( este a chc) Tn gi ca Y l A. glixerol. B. propan-1,2-iol. C. propan-2-ol. D. propan-1,3-iol Cu 15.Cu 6-B10-937: Cho s chuyn ho sau: +Z + H 2 ,t o , Pd , PdCO3 xt ,t o Cao su buna-N C 2 H 2 X Y t o , xt , p Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l: A. benzen; xiclohexan; amoniac. B. axetanehit; ancol etylic; buta-1,3-ien. C. vinylaxetilen; buta-1,3-ien; stiren. D. vinylaxetilen; buta-1,3-ien; acrilonitrin. + H 2O + Br2 + CuO ,t o X Z Cu 16.Cu 55-B10-937: Cho s phn ng: Stiren Y H + ,t o H+ Trong X, Y, Z u l cc sn phm chnh. Cng thc ca X, Y, Z ln lt l: A. C6H5CH2CH2OH, C6H5CH2CHO, m-BrC6H4CH2COOH. B. C6H5CHOHCH3, C6H5COCH3, m-BrC6H4COCH3. C. C6H5CH2CH2OH, C6H5CH2CHO, C6H5CH2COOH. D. C6H5CHOHCH3, C6H5COCH3, C6H5COCH2Br. Cu 17.Cu 58-B10-937: Hp cht hu c mch h X c cng thc phn t C5H10O. Cht X khng phn ng vi Na, tho mn s chuyn ho sau: + H2 + CH 3COOH Y Este c mi chui chn X H 2 SO4 dac Ni ,t o Tn ca X l A. 2,2-imetylpropanal. B. 3-metylbutanal. C. pentanal. D. 2-metylbutanal. Cu 18.Cu 38-CD11-259: Cho s phn ng: + X ( xt ,t o ) + Z ( xt ,t o ) + M ( xt ,t o ) CH4 Y T CH3COOH (X, Z, M l cc cht v c, mi mi tn ng vi mt phng trnh phn ng). Cht T trong s trn l A. C2H5OH. B. CH3CHO. C. CH3OH. D. CH3COONa. KCN H 3O + ,t o Cu 19.Cu 53-CD11-259: Cho s chuyn ha: CH3CH2Cl X Y Trong s trn, X v Y ln lt l A. CH3CH2CN v CH3CH2COOH. B. CH3CH2CN v CH3CH2CHO. C. CH3CH2CN v CH3CH2OH. D. CH3CH2NH2 v CH3CH2COOH. Cu 20.Cu 54-A11-318: Cho s phn ng: + HCN trunghop dongtrunghop X ; X polime Y; X + CH2=CH-CH=CH2 polimeZ CHCH Y v Z ln lt dng ch to vt liu polime no sau y? A. T capron v cao su buna. B. T olon v cao su buna-N. C. T nitron v cao su buna-S. D. T nilon-6,6 v cao su cloropren. Cu 21.Cu 59-A11-318: Cho dy chuyn ho sau: + Br2 ,as,tilemol1:1 + C2 H 4 , xt ,t o KOH / C2 H 5OH ,t o Benzen X Y Z ( trong X,Y,Z l sn phm chnh) Tn gi ca Y, Z ln lt l A. 1-brom-1-phenyletan v stiren. B. 1-brom-2-phenyletan v stiren. C. 2-brom-1-phenylbenzen v stiren. D. benzylbromua v toluen. Cu 6 : Cho phn ng: C H -CH=CH Cu 22. -B11-846 6 5 2 + KMnO4 C6H5-COOK + K2CO3 + MnO2 + KOH + H2O. Tng h s (nguyn, ti gin) tt c cc cht trong phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng trn l A. 24. B. 34. C. 27. D. 31. Cu 23.Cu 28-B11-846: Cho s phn ng: xt ,t o Axit cacboxylic Y1 ( 1) X + O2
xt ,t Ancol Y2 (2) X + H2
o
GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)
Trang: 36.

o
xt ,t Y3 + H2O (3) Y1 + Y2 Bit Y3 c cng thc phn t C6H10O2. Tn gi ca X l A. anehit acrylic. B. anehit axetic. C. anehit metacrylic. D. anehit propionic. Cu 24.Cu 52-B11-846: Cho s phn ng: + H 2O + HCN X2 (1) CH3CHO X1 H + ,t o + CO2 + Mg ,ete + HCl (2) C2H5Br Y1 Y2 Y3 Cc cht hu c X1, X2, Y1, Y2, Y3 l cc sn phm chnh. Hai cht X2, Y3 ln lt l A. axit 2-hiroxipropanoic v axit propanoic. B. axit axetic v axit propanoic. C. axit axetic v ancol propylic. D. axit 3-hiroxipropanoic v ancol propylic. Cu 25.Cu 30-A12-296: Cho s phn ng: xt (a) X + H2O Y (b) Y + AgNO3 + NH3 + H2O amoni gluconat + Ag + NH4NO3 xt (c) Y E + F as X+ Q ( d) Z + H2O chatdiepluc X, Y, Z ln lt l: A. Xenluloz, fructoz, cacbon ioxit. B. Xenluloz, saccaroz, cacbon ioxit. C. Tinh bt, glucoz, etanol. D. Tinh bt, glucoz, cacbon ioxit. Cu 26.Cu 31-A12-296: Hp cht X c cng thc C8H14O4. T X thc hin cc phn ng (theo ng t l mol): (a) X + 2NaOH X1 + X2 + H2O (b) X1 + H2SO4 X3 + Na2SO4 (c) nX3 + nX4 nilon-6,6 + 2nH2O (d) 2X2 + X3 X5 + 2H2O Phn t khi ca X5 l A. 174. B. 216. C. 202. D. 198. Cu 27.Cu 42-A12-296: Cho s chuyn ha sau: (a) C3H4O2 + NaOH X + Y (b) X + H2SO4 (long) Z + T (c) Z + dung dch AgNO3/NH3 (d) E + Ag + NH4NO3 (d) Y + dung dch AgNO3/NH3 (d) F + Ag + NH4NO3 Cht E v cht F theo th t l A. HCOONH4 v CH3CHO. B. (NH4)2CO3 v CH3COONH4. C. HCOONH4 v CH3COONH4. D. (NH4)2CO3 v CH3COOH. Cu 28.Cu 51-A12-296: Cho s chuyn ha: KCN + H 3O + ,t o CH3Cl X Y Cng thc cu to ca X, Y ln lt l: A. CH3NH2, CH3COONH4. B. CH3CN, CH3CHO. C. CH3NH2, CH3COOH. D. CH3CN, CH3COOH. Cu 29.Cu 7-B12-359: Cho dy chuyn ha sau: + H 2O + H2 + H 2O Z Y CaC2 X H 2 SO4 ,t o Pd / PbCO 3,t o Tn gi ca X v Z ln lt l A. axetilen v ancol etylic. B. axetilen v etylen glicol. C. etan v etanal. D. etilen v ancol etylic. CaO ,t o Cu 30.Cu 39-B12-359: Cho phng trnh ha hc: 2X + 2NaOH 2CH4 + K2CO3 + Na2CO3 A. CH2(COOK)2. B. CH2(COONa)2. C. CH3COOK.D. CH3COONa. Cu 31. Cu 24-CD12-169: Cho s AgNO3 / NH 3 + NaOH + NaOH ,t o Z Este X ( C4H10O2) C2H3O2Na Y to to Cng thc cu to ca X tha mn s cho l A. CH3COOCH2CH3. B. CH2=CHCOOCH3. C. CH3COOCH=CH2. D. HCOOCH2CH2CH3.
GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)
Trang: 37.
Cu 32. Cu 18-A13-193: Cho s cc phn ng: t CaO ,t o T+P X + NaOH (dung dch) Y + Z Y + NaOH ( rn) 1500o C t o , xt T Q + H2O Q + H2 Trong s trn, X v Z ln lt l: A. CH3COOCH=CH2 v CH3CHO. B. HCOOCH=CH2 v HCHO. C. CH3COOCH=CH2 v HCHO. D. CH3COOC2H5 v CH3CHO. Cu 33. Cu 58-A13-193: Trng hp no sau y khng xy ra phn ng? to (a) CH2=CH-CH2-Cl + H2O (b) CH3 CH2 CH2 Cl + H2O to (c) C6H5-Cl + NaOH c ( vi C6H5 l gc phenyl) o t (d) C2H5Cl + NaOH c A. (b). B. (a). C. (d). D. (c). Cu 34. Cu 6-B13-279: Cho s phn ng: C2H2 X CH3COOH. Trong s trn mi mi tn l mt phn ng, X l cht no sau y? A. CH3COONa. B. HCOOCH3. C. CH3CHO. D. C2H5OH.
DNG 20: TNG HP DY NG NG V CNG THC TNG QUT L THUYT - Trong ha hc, dy ng ng l mt dy cc hp cht hu c vi cng mt cng thc tng qut, vi cc tnh cht ha hc tng t do s hin din ca cng mt nhm chc, v th hin cc tnh cht vt l bin i dn dn do kt qu ca vic tng kch thc v khi lng phn t - Dy ng ng ca mt s hidrocacbon tiu biu Dy ng ng Cng thc tng qut Ankan CnH2n + 2 (n 1) Anken CnH2n (n 2) Ankin CnH2n 2 (n 2) - Cng thc tng qut ca mt s hp cht hu c
Ancol no, n chc no, a chc no a chc n chc khng no, n chc (c 1 lin kt i) khng no, a chc (c 1 lin kt i) khng no CnH2n+1OH (n 1) CnH2n+2-m(OH)m (1 m n) nt R(OH)m ROH CnH2n-1OH (n 3) CnH2n+2O (n 1) CnH2n+2Om (1 m n) nt CxHyOm CxHyO CnH2nO (n 3) Anehit CnH2n+1CHO (n 0) CnH2n+2-m(CHO)m (1 m n) nt R(CHO)m RCHO CnH2n-1CHO (n 2) CnH2nO (n 1) CnH2n-mOm (2 m n) nt CxHyOm CxHyO CnH2n-2O (n 3) Axit v Este CnH2n+1COOH (n 0) CnH2n+2-m(COOH)m (1 m n) nt R(COOH)m RCOOH CnH2n-1COOH (n 2) CnH2nO2 (n 1) CnH2n+2-2mO2m (2 m n) nt CxHyO2m CxHyO2 CnH2n-2O2 (n 3)
CnH2n-m(OH)m (2 m n) nt
CnH2nOm (2 m n) nt
CnH2n-m(CHO)m (2 m n) nt
CnH2n-2mOm (2 m n) nt
CnH2n-m(COOH)m nt
CnH2n-2mO2m (2 m n) nt
GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)
Trang: 38.
CU HI Cu 1.Cu 41-B07-285: t chy hon ton a mol mt anehit X (mch h) to ra b mol CO2 v c mol H2O (bit b = a + c). Trong phn ng trng gng, mt phn t X ch cho 2 electron. X thuc dy ng ng anehit A. no, n chc. B. khng no c hai ni i, n chc. C. khng no c mt ni i, n chc. D. no, hai chc. Cu 2.Cu 40-A8-329: un nng V lt hi anehit X vi 3V lt kh H2 (xc tc Ni) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton ch thu c mt hn hp kh Y c th tch 2V lt (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Ngng t Y thu c cht Z; cho Z tc dng vi Na sinh ra H2 c s mol bng s mol Z phn ng. Cht X l anehit A. khng no (cha mt ni i C=C), hai chc. B. no, hai chc. C. khng no (cha mt ni i C=C), n chc. D. no, n chc. Cu 3.Cu 17-B8-371: Axit cacboxylic no, mch h X c cng thc thc nghim (C3H4O3)n, vy cng thc phn t ca X l A. C12H16O12. B. C6H8O6. C. C3H4O3. D. C9H12O9. Cu 4.Cu 47-B8-371: Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z l ng ng k tip, khi lng phn t ca Z bng 2 ln khi lng phn t ca X. Cc cht X, Y, Z thuc dy ng ng A. ankin. B. ankan. C. ankaien. D. anken. Cu 5.Cu 7-CD8-216: Cng thc n gin nht ca mt hirocacbon l CnH2n+1. Hirocacbon thuc dy ng ng ca A. ankan. B. ankin. C. ankaien. D. anken. Cu 6.Cu 8-CD8-216: Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C4H6O4 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (un nng) theo phng trnh phn ng: C4H6O4 + 2NaOH 2Z + Y. oxi ho ht a mol Y th cn va 2a mol CuO (un nng), sau phn ng to thnh a mol cht T (bit Y, Z, T l cc hp cht hu c). Khi lng phn t ca T l A. 44 vC. B. 58 vC. C. 82 vC. D. 118 vC. Cu 7.Cu 22-B9-148: Cho cc hp cht hu c: (1) ankan; (2) ancol no, n chc, mch h; (3) xicloankan; (4) ete no, n chc, mch h; (5) anken; (6) ancol khng no (c mt lin kt i C=C), mch h; (7) ankin; (8) anehit no, n chc, mch h; (9) axit no, n chc, mch h; (10) axit khng no (c mt lin kt i C=C), n chc. Dy gm cc cht khi t chy hon ton u cho s mol CO2 bng s mol H2O l: A. (1), (3), (5), (6), (8). B. (3), (4), (6), (7), (10). C. (3), (5), (6), (8), (9). D. (2), (3), (5), (7), (9). Cu 8.Cu 47-B10-937: Cho cc cht: (1) axit picric; (2) cumen; (3) xiclohexanol; (4) 1,2-ihiroxi-4metylbenzen; (5) 4-metylphenol; (6) -naphtol. Cc cht thuc loi phenol l: A. (1), (3), (5), (6). B. (1), (4), (5), (6). C. (1), (2), (4), (5). D. (1), (2), (4), (6). Cu 9.Cu 5-CD10-824: Anehit no mch h X c cng thc n gin nht C2H3O. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C2H3O. B. C6H9O3. C. C4H6O2. D. C8H12O4. Cu 10.Cu 48-CD12-169: Cng thc chung ca amin no, n chc, mch h l A. CnH2n-5N (n 6). B. CnH2n+1N (n 2). C. CnH2n-1N (n 2). D. CnH2n+3N (n 1). DNG 21: PHN BIT TCH CHT L THUYT 1. NHN BIT CC CHT HU C (Tng qut)
Cht mun nhn bit
Thuc th
Hin tng
Phn ng
Trang: 39.
GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)
CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C Phai mu nu

CH2 = CH2 + Br2 BrCH2 CH2Br CH CH + 2Br2 Br2CH CHBr2
Hp cht c lin kt C = C hay C C Phenol
dd Brom
OH + 3Br2 Br
OH Br Br NH2 + 3Br2 + 3HBr
Kt dd Brom ta trng Anilin
(ke t tu a tra ng)
NH2 Br Br Br + 3HBr
(ke t tu a tra ng)
Hp cht c lin kt C = C CC Ankyl benzen Ankin c lin kt ba u mch Hp cht c nhm CH = O: Andehit, glucoz, mantz Axit fomic Este formiat H COO R Hp cht c nhm CH= O Ancol a chc (c t nht 2 nhm OH gn vo 2 C lin tip) Anehit Metyl xton Hp cht c H linh ng: axit, Ancol, phenol Cu2O gch Cu(OH)2 To dd mu xanh l trong sut dd NaHSO3 bo ha Na, K Kt ta dng kt tinh Si bt kh khng mu dd AgNO3 trong NH4OH (Ag2O) Kt ta vng nht dd KMnO4 Phai mu tm
3CH2 = CH2 + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O 3HOCH2CH2OH + 2MnO2 + 2KOH 3CHCH+8KMnO4 3HOOCCOOH + 8MnO4+8KOH
CH3
2 + 2KMnO 4 0
COOK
HO 80-100 C
+ 2MnO2 +KOH+H2O
RCCH + Ag[(NH3)2]OH RCCAg + H2O + 2NH3 R CH = O + 2Ag[(NH3)2]OH R COONH4 + 2Ag + H2O + 3NH3 CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO + Ag2O
Kt ta Ag (phn ng trng bc)
t ,ddNH3 CH2OH(CHOH)4COOH + 2Ag
(Phn ng ny nhn bit nc tiu bnh tiu ng c cha glucoz)
HCOOH+2Ag[(NH3)2]OH(NH4)2CO3 + 2Ag +H2O+2NH3

ddNH3 Hay: HCOOH + Ag2O CO2 + 2Ag + H2O
HCOOR+2Ag[(NH3)2]OH(NH4)2CO3 + 2Ag +ROH+2NH3

t RCHO + 2Cu(OH)2
0
RCOOH + Cu2O + 2H2O
CH2 OH CH2 OH
HO CH2 HO CH2
CH2 OH HO CH2
]
CH OH + Cu(OH)2 + HO CH CH O Cu O CH + 2H2O CH2 OH HO CH2

^
R CHO + NaHSO3 R CHOH NaSO3
2R OH + 2Na 2R COOH + 2Na 2C6H5 OH + 2Na
2R ONa + H2 2R COONa + H2 2C6H5 ONa + H2
2.NHN BIT CC CHT HU C (Chi tit)
GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)
Trang: 40.
Cht
Ankan
Thuc th
Cl2/s dd Br2 dd KMnO4
Hin tng
Sn phm sau P lm hng giy qu m Mt mu mt mu Sp cho p trng gng Mt mu Mt mu mt mu kt ta mu vng nht kt ta mu Mt mu
Phn ng
as CnH2n+2 + Cl2 CnH2n+1Cl + HCl
CnH2n + Br2 CnH2nBr2 3CnH2n + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O 3CnH2n(OH)2 + 2MnO2 + 2KOH

PdCl2 ,CuCl 2 2CH2 = CH2 + O2 CH3CHO
Anken Kh Oxi Ankaien dd Br2 dd Br2 dd KMnO4 AgNO3/NH3 (c ni 3 u mch) dd CuCl trong NH3 Toluen dd KMnO4, t0
CnH2n2 + 2Br2 CnH2nBr4 CnH2n2 + 2Br2 CnH2nBr4 3CHCH+8KMnO4 3HOOCCOOH + 8MnO4+8KOH HC CH + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH Ag C C Ag + 2H2O + 4NH3 RC CH + [Ag(NH3)2]OH RC CAg + H2O + 2NH3 CH CH + 2CuCl + 2NH3 Cu C C Cu + 2NH4Cl R C C H + CuCl + NH3 R C C Cu + NH4Cl
Ankin
CH3
2 + 2KMnO 4 0
COOK
HO 80-100 C
+ 2MnO2 +KOH+H2O CHOH = CH2OH + 2MnO2 + 2H2O

+ H2
CH = CH2
Stiren
dd KMnO4
Mt mu
+ 2KMnO 4 + 4H2O
2R OH + 2Na
0
Ancol Ancol bc I
Na, K
CuO (en) t0
khng mu
Cu (), Sp cho p trng gng Cu (), Sp khng p trng gng dung dch mu xanh lam
2R ONa
t R CH2 OH + CuO R CH = O + Cu + H2O
R CH = O + 2Ag[(NH3)2]OH R COONH4 + 2Ag + H2O + 3NH3
Ancol bc II Ancol a chc
CuO (en) t0
t R CH2OH R + CuO R CO R + Cu + H2O
CH2 OH CH2 OH
HO CH2 HO CH2
CH2 OH HO CH2
]
Cu(OH)2
CH OH + Cu(OH)2 + HO CH CH O Cu O CH + 2H2O CH2 OH HO CH2

^
Anilin
nc Brom
To kt ta trng
NH2 + 3Br2
NH2 Br Br Br + 3HBr
(ke t tu a tra ng)
Anehit
AgNO3 trong NH3 Cu(OH)2 NaOH, t0 dd Brom
Ag trng gch Mt mu
R CH = O + 2Ag[(NH3)2]OH R COONH4 + 2Ag + H2O + 3NH3

t RCHO + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaOH RCOONa + Cu2O + 3H2O
0
RCHO + Br2 + H2O RCOOH + 2HBr
GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)
Trang: 41.
Andehit no hay ko no u lm mt mu nc Br2 v y l phn ng oxi ha kh. Mun phn bit andehit no v khng no dng dd Br2 trong CCl4, mi trng CCl4 th Br2 khng th hin tnh oxi ha nn ch phn ng vi andehit khng no
Cht
Axit cacboxylic
Thuc th
Qu tm
CO2 3
Hin tng
Ha CO2 Ha xanh Ha Khng i
Phn ng
2R COOH + Na2CO3 2R COONa + CO2 + H2O S nhm NH2 > s nhm COOH S nhm NH2 < s nhm COOH S nhm NH2 < s nhm COOH 2H2NRCOOH + Na2CO3 2H2NRCOONa + CO2 + H2O
Aminoaxit
CO2 3
CO2 Ha xanh dd xanh lam gch Ag trng Mt mu sn phm tham gia p trng gng Vn c dd xanh lam dd xanh lam Ag trng sn phm tham gia p trng gng sn phm tham gia p trng gng
Amin
Qu tm Cu(OH)2 Cu(OH)2 NaOH, t0 AgNO3 / NH3 dd Br2 Thu phn
2C6H12O6 + Cu(OH)2 (C6H11O6)2Cu + 2H2O CH2OH (CHOH)4 CHO + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaOH

t CH2OH (CHOH)4 COONa + Cu2O + 3H2O
0
Glucoz
CH2OH (CHOH)4 CHO + 2Ag[(NH3)2]OH CH2OH(CHOH)4COONH4 + 2Ag + H2O + 3NH3 CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO + Br2 CH2OH(CHOH)4COOH+2HBr C12H22O11 + H2O C6H12O6 Glucoz + C6H12O6 Fructoz
Saccaroz
C12H22O11
Vi sa Cu(OH)2 Cu(OH)2
C12H22O11
Ca(OH)2
C12H22O11.CaO.2H2O
C12H22O11 + Cu(OH)2 (C12H22O11)2Cu + 2H2O C12H22O11 + Cu(OH)2 (C12H22O11)2Cu + 2H2O
Mantoz
C12H22O11
AgNO3 / NH3 Thu phn
C12H22O11
H2O
2C6H12O6 (Glucoz)
Thu phn Tinh bt

(C6H10O5)n
(C6H10O11)n
nH2O
nC6H12O6 (Glucoz)
ddch iot
To dung dch mu xanh tm, khi un nng mu xanh tm bin mt, khi ngui mu xanh tm li xut hin
3. Mt s thuc th thng dng - Qu tm : + RCOOH; mui RNH3Cl; aminoaxit c s nhm COOH nhiu hn NH2 : chuyn + RNH2 (tr C6H5NH2), mui RCOONa, aminoaxit c s nhm COOH t hn NH2 : xanh - Dung dch AgNO3/NH3 : + Ankin c lin kt ba u mch : to kt ta vng. + anehit v phn t c cha nhm CHO (HCOOH, HCOOR, glucoz, fructoz, mantoz). - Cu(OH)2/OH- : GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188) Trang: 42.
+ RCOOH : to dung dch mu xanh. + RCHO v cc cht cha nhm CHO : kt ta mu gch khi un nng. + Glixerol, glucoz, saccaroz, mantoz, fructoz : dung dch mu xanh lam nhit thng. + Polipeptit c t tripeptit tr ln : to mu tm biure c trng. - Dung dch brom ; + Hp cht khng no, anehit, glucoz : lm nht mu. + phenol, alanin : to kt ta trng. - Dung dch KMnO4 : + Cc hp cht khng no : lm nht mu nhit thng. + Ankylbenzen : nht mu kho un nng. - Mt s thuc th khc : I2 (HTB); HNO3 (lng trng trng g). 4.Phng php tch mt s cht a) Phng php vt l - Chit : dng tch cc cht lng khng tan vo nhau nh benzen v ancol .. - Chng ct : dng tch cc cht c nhit si khc nhau, thng dng tch cc cht thuc 3 nhm : + C nhit si thp : anehit, xeton, ete, este. + C nhit si cao : ancol, axit, amin. + Khng bay hi : mui RONa, RCOONa, RCOONH4, aminoaxit. b) S tch mt s cht : 1) CO 2 1) NaOH C6H5OH - Phenol C6H5ONa 2) CC 2) CC
1) HCl 1) NaOH C6H5NH3Cl - Anilin C6H5NH2 2) CC 2) CC 1) NaOH 1) HCl - RCOOH RCOONa RCOOH 2) Chiet 2) Chiet - Anken : Br2 v Zn - Ankin : AgNO3/HCl CU HI Cu 1.Cu 44-B07-285: C 3 cht lng benzen, anilin, stiren, ng ring bit trong 3 l mt nhn. Thuc th phnbit 3 cht lng trn l A. dung dch phenolphtalein. B. nc brom. C. dung dch NaOH. D. giy qu tm. Cu 2.Cu 43-CD7-439: Ch dng Cu(OH)2 c th phn bit c tt c cc dung dch ring bit sau: A. saccaroz, glixerin (glixerol), anehit axetic, ru (ancol) etylic. B. glucoz, lng trng trng, glixerin (glixerol), ru (ancol) etylic. C. lng trng trng, glucoz, fructoz, glixerin (glixerol). D. glucoz, mantoz, glixerin (glixerol), anehit axetic. Cu 3.Cu 38-A9-438: Thuc th c dng phn bit Gly-Ala-Gly vi Gly-Ala l A. dung dch NaOH. B. Cu(OH)2 trong mi trng kim. C. dung dch NaCl. D. dung dch HCl.
DNG 22: DANH PHP HP CHT HU C L THUYT 1.Phn loi danh php: + Tn thng thng + Tn gc - chc. + Tn thay th. 2. Tn gi thng thng. Khng tun theo quy tc khoa hc no, thng xut hin t xa v bt ngun t nguyn liu hoc tn nh bc hc tm ra, hoc mt a im no trong tnh cht ca hp cht . VD: Axitfomic (axit kin); olefin (kh du); axit axetic (axit gim), 3. Danh php thay th Gi theo quy c ca Lin on quc t ho hc l thuyt v ng dng (IUPAC). GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188) Trang: 43.
a) Da vo b khung C xut pht t cc hirocacbon no mch thng. Cc hp cht cng loi (cng dy ng ng), cng nhm chc th c ui ging nhau. C th: - Hirocacbon no (ankan) c ui an: VD: CH3 - CH2 - CH3 : propan - Hirocacbon c ni i (anken) c ui en: VD: CH2 = CH - CH3 : propen - Hirocacbon c ni ba (ankin) c ui in: VD: CH = C - CH3 : propin - Hp cht anehit c ui al: VD: CH3 - CH2 - CHO : propanal - Hp cht ru c ui ol: VD: CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - OH : propanol - Hp cht axit hu c c ui oic: VD: CH3 - CH2 - COOH : propanoic. - Hp cht xeton c ui on: b ch s nguyn t cacbon c trong mch chnh, ngi ta dng cc phn nn (phn u) sau: 1 : meta ; 2 : eta ; 3 : propa ; 4 : buta ; 5 : penta ; 6 : hexa ; 7 : hepta ; 8 : octa ; 9 : nona ; 10 : eca ; c) Tn ca nhm th. Cn ch rng, trong ho hu c, tt c nhng nguyn t khc hiro (nh Cl, Br, ) hoc nhm nguyn t (nh - NO2, - NH2,, cc gc hirocacbon CH3 -, C2H5 -,) u c coi l nhm th. - Gi tn nguyn t hoc tn nhm th. - Gi tn gc hirocacbon u xut pht t tn hirocacbon tng ng vi phn ui khc nhau. + Gc hirocacbon no ho tr 1 gi theo tn ca ankan tng ng bng cch thay ui -an bng ui -yl v c gi chung l gc ankyl. VD: Tn mt s gc in hnh CH3 : metyl C2H5 : etyl : propyl : isopropyl CH3-CH2-CH2 (CH3)2CH: phenyl : benzyl C6H5C6H5CH2: vinyl : anlyl CH2=CHCH2=CH-CH2+ Gc hirocacbon cha no ho tr 1 c ui -enyl i vi anken, ui -nyl i vi ankin v ui -ienyl i vi ien. V d: CH2 = CH -: etilenyl (thng gi l gc vinyl) CH C -: axetilenyl hay etinyl. + Gc ho tr 2 to thnh khi tch 2 nguyn t H khi 1 nguyn t C hoc tch nguyn t O khi anehit hay xeton. Gc ho tr 2 c ui t -ylien. VD: CH3 -CH2 -CH = : propylien. d) Cc bc gi tn hp cht hu c phc tp: - Bc 1: Chn mch C chnh. l mch C di nht hoc t C nhng cha ni i, ni ba, nhm th, nhm chc, - Bc 2 : nh s th t cc nguyn t C (bng ch s rp) trong mch chnh xut pht t pha gn nhm chc, ni i, ni ba, nhm th, mch nhnh. Quy tc nh s. u tin nh s ln lt theo th t. Nhm chc => ni i => ni ba => mch nhnh. i vi hp cht tp chc th u tin ln lt: Axit anehit ru. - Bc 3: Xc nh cc nhm th v v tr ca chng trn mch C chnh. - Bc 4: Gi tn. + Trc tin gi tn cc nhm th v v tr ca chng trn mch C chnh, cui cng gi tn hp cht vi mch C chnh. Tn nhnh (yl) Tn mch chnh Tn chc ( km theo s ch v tr ) ( km theo s ch v tr ) Lu : Mch cacbon phi lin tc, khng c nguyn t khc chen vo gia, v d i vi cht + Nu c nhiu nhm th ging nhau th gp chng li v thm t i 2, tri 3, tetra 4, penta 5, + Theo quy tc: Con s ch v tr ca nhm th t trc tn gi ca n, con s ch v tr ni i, ni ba v nhm chc ( mch C chnh) t pha sau. V d: Gi tn cc hp cht sau. f ) Cho tn gi, vit cng thc cu to: - Vic u tin l da vo ui ca tn gi xc nh cht ng vi mch cacbon chnh. V d: Vit CTCT ca nhng cht c tn sau: + 1, 1, 2, 2 - tetracloetan GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188) Trang: 44.
Ta i t ui an (hirocacbon no) etan (c 2C), tetraclo (c 4 clo th cc v tr 1, 1, 2, 2). Do CTCT: CHCl2 - CHCl2. + 1 - clo , 2 , 3 - imetylbutan CU HI Cu 1.Cu 44-B07-285: C 3 cht lng benzen, anilin, stiren, ng ring bit trong 3 l mt nhn. Thuc th phnbit 3 cht lng trn l A. dung dch phenolphtalein. B. nc brom. C. dung dch NaOH. D. giy qu tm. Cu 2.Cu 50-B07-285: Khi brom ha mt ankan ch thu c mt dn xut monobrom duy nht c t khi hi i vi hiro l 75,5. Tn ca ankan l (cho H = 1, C = 12, Br = 80) A. 3,3-imetylhecxan. B. 2,2-imetylpropan. C. isopentan. D. 2,2,3-trimetylpentan. Cu 3.Cu 20-CD7-439: Khi cho ankan X (trong phn t c phn trm khi lng cacbon bng 83,72%) tc dng vi clo theo t l s mol 1:1 (trong iu kin chiu sng) ch thu c 2 dn xut monoclo ng phn ca nhau. Tn ca X l (Cho H = 1; C = 12; Cl = 35,5) A. 3-metylpentan. B. butan. C. 2,3-imetylbutan. D. 2-metylpropan. Cu 4.Cu 25-B8-371: Khi t chy hon ton mt este no, n chc th s mol CO2 sinh ra bng s mol O2 phn ng. Tn gi ca este l A. metyl fomiat. B. etyl axetat. C. n-propyl axetat. D. metyl axetat. Cu 5.Cu 33-A9-438: C ba dung dch: amoni hirocacbonat, natri aluminat, natri phenolat v ba cht lng: ancol etylic, benzen, anilin ng trong su ng nghim ring bit. Nu ch dng mt thuc th duy nht l dung dch HCl th nhn bit c ti a bao nhiu ng nghim? A. 5. B. 4. C. 3. D. 6. Cu 6.Cu 1-B9-148: Khi cho a mol mt hp cht hu c X (cha C, H, O) phn ng hon ton vi Na hoc vi NaHCO3 th u sinh ra a mol kh. Cht X l A. etylen glicol. B. axit aipic. C. ancol o-hiroxibenzylic. D. axit 3-hiroxipropanoic. Cu 7.Cu 45-CD10-824: Oxi ho khng hon ton ancol isopropylic bng CuO nung nng, thu c cht hu c X. Tn gi ca X l A. imetyl xeton. B. propanal. C. metyl phenyl xeton. D. metyl vinyl xeton. Cu 8.Cu 24-CD11-259: Cng thc ca triolein l A. (CH3[CH2]14COO)3C3H5. B. (CH3[CH2]7CH=CH[CH2]5COO)3C3H5. C. (CH3[CH2]16COO)3C3H5. D. (CH3[CH2]7CH=CH[CH2]7COO)3C3H5. Cu 9.Cu 41-B11-846: Trong qu gc chn rt giu hm lng A. caroten B. ete ca vitamin A C. este ca vitamin A D. vitamin A Cu 10.Cu 38-B12-359: Alanin c cng thc l A. C6H5-NH2. B. CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH. C. H2N-CH2-COOH. D. H2N-CH2-CH2-COOH. Cu 11. Cu 4-CD12-169: Trong phn t axit cacboxylic X c s nguyn t cacbon bng s nhm chc. t chy hon ton mt lng X thu c s mol CO2 bng s mol H2O. Tn gi ca X l A. axit axetic. B. axit malonic. C. axit oxalic. D. axit fomic. Cu 12. Cu 47-CD12-169: Cho cc cht hu c: CH3CH(CH3)NH2 (X) v CH3CH(NH2)COOH (Y). Tn thay th ca X v Y ln lt l A. propan1amin v axit 2aminopropanoic. B. propan1amin v axit aminoetanoic. C. propan2amin v axit aminoetanoic. D. propan2amin v axit 2aminopropanoic Cu 13. Cu 26-A13-193: Tn thay th (theo IUPAC) ca (CH3)3CCH2CH(CH3)2 l A. 2,2,4,4-tetrametylbutan. B. 2,4,4-trimetylpentan. C. 2,2,4-trimetylpentan. D. 2,4,4,4-tetrametylbutan DNG 23: IU CH CHT HU C L THUYT 1. Phng php gim mch C. GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188) Trang: 45.
* Phn ng vi ti xt: RCOONa + NaOH RH + Na2CO3 ( c 1 nhm COONa th gim 1 C) * Phn ng Cracking: CnH2n + 2 CaH2a + 2 + CbH2b ( a + b = n) * Phn ng oxi ha khng hon ton ( tc dng vi O2 hoc KMnO4) Hidrocacbon + O2/xt Andehit hoc axit * Phn ng ln men: C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 2. Phng php tng mch C * Phn ng vuyet: RX + Na R-R + Na * Phn ng ete ha: ROH + ROH R-R + H2O ( xt: H2SO4/1400C) * phn ng: 2CH4 C2H2 +H2 * Phn ng: 2C2H2 C4H4 * Phn ng : 3C2H2 C6H6 * Phn ng: 2C2H5OH C4H6 + H2 + H2O 3. Phuong php gia nguyn mch C a. Phn ng th. * Th -H trong hidrocacbon dung X2, HNO3, H2SO4 -X, -NO2, -OSO3H * Th -X trong dn xut Hal bng NaOH/nc b. Phn ng cng: H2/Ni, X2, HX, H2O/H+, trng hp c. Phn ng tch. * tch H2 k: to, xt * tch H2O/ H2SO4 , 170oC * tch HX/ NaOH, ru. * tch X2 / Zn d. Phn ng chuyn chc. * -CH2 -OH -CHO * -CHO -COOH * -CH2 OH -COOH * -NO2 -NH2 4. Ngoi ra cc em cn nm c th 2 vn sau: * iu ch cc polime sau: P.P (Polietyilen); P.E (Polipropilen); P.S(Polistiren); P.V.C(Polivinylclorua) P.V.A(Polivinylaxetat); Poliacrylic; Polivinylancol; Poliacrilonitrin; Polimetylacrilat Polimetylmetacrilat; Teflon; Cupren; Polifomandehit; Poli phenolfomandehit; Cao su Buna Cao su Buna S; Cao su Buna N; Cao su Cloropren; Cao su t nhin; T Visco; T Polidiamit Nilon 6; Nilon 6,6; Nilon 7; T Polieste *.T cc cht d dng tm thy trong cuc sng(VD:Kim loi,g,tinh bt,CO2,) v nhng iu kin c th thc hin c,iu ch cc cht phc tp hn CU HI Cu 1.Cu 53-CD7-439: Trong cng nghip, axeton c iu ch t A. propan-1-ol. B. cumen. C. propan-2-ol. D. xiclopropan. Cu 2.Cu 24-A9-438: Dy gm cc cht u iu ch trc tip (bng mt phn ng) to ra anehit axetic l: A. C2H5OH, C2H2, CH3COOC2H5. B. HCOOC2H3, C2H2, CH3COOH. C. C2H5OH, C2H4, C2H2. D. CH3COOH, C2H2, C2H4. Cu 3.Cu 4-CD9-956: Trong thc t, phenol c dng sn xut A. nha rezit, cht dit c 2,4-D v thuc n TNT. B. nha rezol, nha rezit v thuc tr su 666. C. poli(phenol-fomanehit), cht dit c 2,4-D v axit picric. D. nha poli(vinyl clorua), nha novolac v cht dit c 2,4-D. Cu 4.Cu 36-CD9-956: Dy gm cc cht c th iu ch trc tip (bng mt phn ng) to ra axit axetic l: A. CH3CHO, C2H5OH, C2H5COOCH3. B. CH3CHO, C6H12O6 (glucoz), CH3OH. C. C2H4(OH)2, CH3OH, CH3CHO. D. CH3OH, C2H5OH, CH3CHO.
GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)
Trang: 46.
GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)
Trang: 47.
CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C P N THAM KHO ====================
Dng 1: Nhng cht phn ng c vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 Cu 1 2 3 4 5 6 A D D C A B C Dng 2: Nhng cht phn ng c vi Cu(OH)2 Cu 1 2 3 A D B C Dng 3: Nhng cht phn ng c vi dung dch Br2 Cu 1 2 3 4 A B C D C Dng 4: Nhng cht phn ng c vi H2 Cu 1 2 3 A B D D 4 B 4 D 5 C 5 B 7 D 2 C 5 B 6 D 6 A
7 B 6 A 7 A 7 D 8 A
8 B
9 C 7 A 8 D 8 A
Dng 5: Nhng cht phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH Cu 1 2 3 4 5 6 A C C B A A D Dng 6: Nhng cht phn ng c vi dung dch HCl Cu 1 A D
9 C 3 B 2 A
10 A
Dng 7: Nhng cht phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH v HCl Cu 1 A B Dng 8: Nhng cht tc dng c vi qu tm Cu 1 2 3 4 5 A D D D B C Dng 9: So snh tnh baz Cu A Dng 10: So snh tnh axit Cu A Dng 11: So snh nhit si tan Cu 1 A A 1 D 1 D 2 D 3 B 6 A 7 A 8 C
9 D 2 D 2 B 4 A
10 D
GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)
Trang: 48.
CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C 7 C 24 A 41 B 8 D 25 D 42 C 3 B 9 A 26 D 43 C 10 C 27 B 44 A 11 A 28 C 45 A 4 D 7 A 18 D 8 C 9 D 8 D 19 B 10 C 6 D 11 B 12 B 29 D 46 D 13 D 30 B 47 D 5 C 9 A 20 C 12 C 7 D 10 C 21 D 13 A 8 D 14 A 31 D 48 A 15 A 32 C 49 A 16 C 33 B 50 C 6 C
17 B 34 D
Dng 12: ng phn ca cht hu c Cu 1 2 3 4 5 6 A D A A A C B Cu 18 19 20 21 22 23 A D D C D D A Cu 35 36 37 38 39 40 A C A D B C B Dng 13: Phn ng tch nc ca ancol Cu 1 2 A B A
Dng 14: Phn ng cng nc v phn ng thy phn Cu 1 2 3 4 5 6 A D D D B A A Cu 12 13 14 15 16 17 A C C D B A A Dng 15: Phn loi polime Cu 1 2 3 4 A B D C A 5 A 6 D 7 A
11 A
14 B
Dng 16: Nhng cht tham gia phn ng trng hp, trng ngng Cu 1 2 3 4 5 A B C B C C Dng 17: Cc pht biu tron ha hu c Cu 1 2 3 4 5 6 A C C A B B D Cu 17 18 19 20 21 22 A A D B D A A Cu 33 34 35 36 37 38 A D D C D A C
7 D 23 C 39 A
8 B 24 D 40 B 9 A 26 D
9 A 25 B 41 B 10 D 27 C
10 C 26 A 42 B 11 D 28 B
11 C 27 A 43 C 12 A 29 C
12 D 28 D 44 D 13 D 30 C
13 D 29 B 45 C 14 C 31 D
14 C 30 D 46 B 15 B 32 B
15 B 31 A 47 B 16 C 33 D
16 C 32 D 48 B 17 C
Dng 18: Tng hp tnh cht ca hp cht hu c Cu 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 A B C B B D B B D Cu 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 A C D A A C C A D Dng 19: Tng hp s hu c Cu 1 2 3 4 5 6 A A C C A D B Cu 18 19 20 21 22 23 A C A B A B A
7 A 24 A
8 C 25 D
9 C 26 C
10 C 27 B 6 B
11 A 28 D
12 A 29 A 7 C
13 A 30 D 8 B
14 D 31 C
15 D 32 A 9 C
16 D 33 A
17 B 34 C 10 D
Dng 20: Tng hp ng ng v cng thc tng qut Cu 1 2 3 4 5 A C B B D A
GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)
Trang: 49.
CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C 1 B 6 D 2 C 7 A 8 D 2 B 9 A 3 C 10 B 11 D 3 B 12 D 4 D
Dng 21: Phn bit tch cht Cu A
Dng 22. Danh php hp cht hu c Cu 1 2 3 4 5 A B B C A D Dng 23: iu ch Cu A 1 B
13 C
( Cc em lm thm cc bi tp tham kho phn sau)
GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)
Trang: 50.

Hs Li Thuyet Va Cau Hoi Thuong Gap Trong Hoa Huu Co

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Li ni u

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

2<n<6 2<n<7 2<n<7 2<n<7 1<n<5 1<n<5

Anehit n chc, no, mch h Xeton n chc, no, mch h

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)

Trng ngng Trng hp Trng ngng Trng ngng

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C

Cht mun nhn bit

GV: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)

CU HI L THUYT THNG GP TRONG HA HU C Phai mu nu

Hp cht c lin kt C = C hay C C Phenol

OH Br Br NH2 + 3Br2 + 3HBr

Kt dd Brom ta trng Anilin

(ke t tu a tra ng)

(ke t tu a tra ng)

Kt ta Ag (phn ng trng bc)

t ,ddNH3 CH2OH(CHOH)4COOH + 2Ag

(Phn ng ny nhn bit nc tiu bnh tiu ng c cha glucoz)

HCOOH+2Ag[(NH3)2]OH(NH4)2CO3 + 2Ag +H2O+2NH3

HCOOR+2Ag[(NH3)2]OH(NH4)2CO3 + 2Ag +ROH+2NH3