Chuyen De. PT - BPT - HPT Mu Loga (Le Van Doan) 2 PDF

ThS.
L Vn on

07/2013

Chuyn
M Logarit
(Dng cho n luyn TNPT v i hc Cao ng)

E m a i l : v a n d o a n _ a u t o m o b i l e @ y a h o o . c o m . v n

MC LC
Trang
A Cng thc m & logarit cn nh .................................................................................... 1
B Phng trnh & Bt phng trnh m ........................................................................... 3
Dng ton 1. Gii bng cch a v cng c s hoc logarit ha ..................................... 3
Cc th d ................................................................................................... 3
Bi tp tng t ......................................................................................... 16
Dng ton 2. Gii bng cch t n ph .......................................................................... 25
Cc th d ................................................................................................... 25
Bi tp tng t ......................................................................................... 67
Dng ton 3. Gii bng cch s dng tnh n iu ca hm s ....................................... 77
Cc th d ................................................................................................... 77
Bi tp tng t ......................................................................................... 88
C Phng trnh & Bt phng trnh logarit ..................................................................... 92
Dng ton 1. Gii bng cch a v cng c s ............................................................... 92
Cc th d ................................................................................................... 93
Bi tp tng t ......................................................................................... 124
Dng ton 2. Gii bng cch t n ph .......................................................................... 138
Cc th d ................................................................................................... 138
Bi tp tng t ......................................................................................... 154
Dng ton 3. S dng tnh n iu hm s & Bt ng thc .......................................... 164
Cc th d ................................................................................................... 165
Bi tp tng t ......................................................................................... 175
D H phng trnh & H bt phng trnh m logarit ................................................. 180
Dng ton 1. Gii h bng php bin i tng ng .................................................... 180
Cc th d ................................................................................................... 180
Bi tp tng t ......................................................................................... 192
Dng ton 2. Gii h bng cch t n ph ...................................................................... 197
Cc th d ................................................................................................... 197
Bi tp tng t ......................................................................................... 206
Dng ton 3. S dng tnh n iu hm s & Bt ng thc .......................................... 216
Cc th d ................................................................................................... 216
Bi tp tng t ......................................................................................... 226
E Bi ton cha tham s m logarit ................................................................................ 230
Cc th d ................................................................................................... 231
Bi tp tng t ......................................................................................... 250

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Chuyn . PT BPT HPT HBPT M v Logarit Ths. L Vn on

Page - 1 -
A CNG THC M V LOGARIT CN NH

C CC C Cng thc m v ly tha: a v b l cc s thc dng, x v y l nhng s thc ty .

O
n
a a.a.a...a =

O
x
x
x
a a
b
b
1

=

( )

O
x y x y
a a .a
=
O
x
y
x y
a a =
O
x
x y n
y n
a 1
a a
a a

= =
O
( )
( )

0
0
u x
u x 1 x 1,
x 0
'
1
1
1 l
= =
!
l
l 1
1
1+

O
( ) ( )
y x
x.y x y
a a a = =
O
n n n
a. b ab =
O
( )
x
x x
a .b a.b =
G
( )
m
m
n n m
n
a a a = =

C CC C Cng thc logarit: Cho 0 a 1 < v b, c 0 .

O
x
a
log b x b a = =
O
a a a
b
log log b log c
c
=
O
10
lg b log b log b = =
(logarit thp phn)
O

a
a
a
log b khi
log b
log b khi
'
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
1+

O
e
lnb log b =
( )
, e 2, 718... =
(logarit t nhin hay log nepe)
O
a
a
1
log b log b

O
a a
log 1 0, log a 1 = =
O
b
a
b log a =
O
( )
a a a
log b.c log b log c =
G
a
log b
b a =

Cng thc i c s

O
c
a
c
log b
log b
log a
= O
log c log a
b b
a c =
O
a
b
1
log b ,
log a
=
a
lnb
log b
lna
=
O
ab
a b
1
log c
1 1
log c log c
=

C CC C Hm s m logarit v o hm
a/ Hm s m
( )

x
y a , a 0, a 1 = .
Tp xc nh: D = .
n s a

l
chn
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Page - 2 -
Tp gi tr:
( )
T 0, = .

Tnh n iu

Nhn trc honh lm tim cn ngang.
Dng th:

b/ Hm s logarit

( )

a
y log x , a 0, a 1 = .
Tp xc nh:
( )
D 0, = .
Tp gi tr: T = .

Tnh n iu

Nhn trc tung lm tim cn ng.
Dng th

c/ o hm ca hm m v logarit

o hm hm s s cp o hm hm s hp
O
( ) ( )
'
1
x .x , x 0

=
( )
.
'
1
u .u u'

=
O
( )
'
x x
a a . lna =
( )
'
u u
a a .u' . ln u =
O
( )
'
x x
e e =
( )
'
u u
e e .u' =
O
( )
'
a
1
log x
x lna
=
( )
'
a
u'
log u
ulna
=
O
( ) ( )
'
1
ln x , x 0
x
=
( )
'
u'
lnu
u
=
Khi

hm s ng bin.
Khi : hm s nghch bin.
Khi : hm s ng bin.
Khi : hm s nghch bin.

1
1

O O

O 1 O
1

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Page - 3 -
B PHNG TRNH BT PHNG TRNH M

I L THUYT C BN

II CC TH D
Th d 1. Gii phng trnh:
( )

2x 3 x 8
4
x 8 x 2
1
3.243 .9
9

=
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
x 8
x 2
'
1
1
!
1
1
+
.
Ta c:
1
4 5 2 2
4
1
3 3 ; 243 3 ; 9 3 ; 3
9
= = = = nn:
( )
2x 3 x 8
1
5 2
x 8 x 2 2
4
3 .3 3 .3
1 1

( ) ( )
=

1 2x 3 x 8
5 2 2
4 x 8 x 2
3 3
1 1

( ) ( )
=

1 2x 3 x 8
5 2 2
4 x 8 x 2
1 1

=

( ) ( )

Dng 1. Gii phng trnh m bng cch a v cng c s hoc logarit ha
C CC C a v cng c s:
Phng trnh m:
Dng cc cng thc m v ly tha a v dng .
Vi th .
Trng hp c s a c cha n th: .
Bt phng trnh m:
Dng cc cng thc m v ly tha a v dng .
Nu th .
Nu th .
Trng hp c s a c cha n th .
C CC C Logarit ha: .
Lu : Khi gii phng trnh, bt phng trnh cn t iu kin phng trnh c
ngha. Sau khi gii xong cn so snh nghim (tp nghim) vi iu kin
nhn nghim (tp nghim) thch hp.
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Page - 4 -

2
41x 102x 248 0 =

62
x 4 x
41
= = .
Kt hp vi iu kin, phng trnh cho c hai nghim:
62
x 4 x
41
= = .
( )

3x 1
6x 7
3 3 3 4
3 3 3 3 3 3 9 27
1
1

( )
( )

Bi gii tham kho
Ta c:
1
1
2
1
3
3x 1
1 16
2
3 3
3 9
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3.3 3
1

1

1 1

= =

( )
( )

( )

( )
v
1
1
2
6x 7
3 23
3
3 4 2
4 24
3 9 27 3 3 .3 3
1

1 1

= =

( ) ( )

( )
.
( )
( ) ( )
16 23
3x 1 6x 7
9 24
3 3

=
( ) ( )

16 23
3x 1 6x 7
9 24
=

611
x
30
= .
Vy phng trnh cho c nghim duy nht
611
x
30
= .
( )

2
2x 1 4x 3 2x 3x 78
4 .5 5.10

=
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
2
4x 2 4x 2 2x 3x 78
2 .5.5 5.10

=

2
4x 2 2x 3x 78
5.10 5.10

=

2
4x 2 2x 3x 78 =

1 641
x
4
= .
Vy phng trnh c hai nghim
1 641
x
4
= .
( )

x x x x
5.3 3.2 7.2 4.3 =
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
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Page - 5 -
( )
x x x x
5.3 4.3 7.2 3.2 =

x x
3 .9 2 .4 =

x 2
3 3
2 2
1 1

=

( ) ( )
.
x 2 = .
Vy phng trnh c nghim duy nht x 2 = .
( )

x x 1 x 2 x 1 x 1 x 2
5 5 5 3 3 3

=
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
x x x x
x x
2 2
5 5 3 3
5 3.3
5 3
5 3
=

x x
1 1 1 1
5 1 3 3
5 25 3 9
1 1

=

( ) ( )

x x
31 31
.5 .3
25 9
=

x 2
5 25 5
3 9 2
1 1

= =

( ) ( )

x 2 = .
( ) ( )
( )

2x 1 x 1
3x x 1
17 4 17 4

=
Bi gii tham kho
Ta c:
( )( ) ( )
( )
( )
1
1
17 4 17 4 1 17 4 17 4
17 4
= = =
.
( )
( ) ( )
2x 1 x 1
3x x 1
17 4 17 4

=

2x 1 x 1
3x x 1

=

2
1 5
5x 2x 1 0 x
6
= = .
Vy phng trnh c hai nghim:
1 5 1 5
x x
6 6

= = .
Nhn xt: Dng tng qut ca bi ton l
( ) ( ) f x g x
a b = vi a.b 1 = .
Ta c:
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
f x g x
1
1
a.b 1 b a a a f x g x
a
= = = = = .
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Page - 6 -
( )

x 2 x 1 x 1
2 2 1 2 1

=
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
x x x
4.2 2.2 1 2.2 1 =

x x
2.2 1 2.2 1 =

x
x x
x x
2.2 1 0
2.2 1 2.2 1
2.2 1 2.2 1
'
1
=

1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

x 1
x
1
2 2
2
4.2 2
'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1 =
1
1+

x 1
x 1
1
2 2
2
'
1
1
11
!
1
= =
1
1
1+

x 1 = .
Vy nghim ca phng trnh l x 1 = .
( ) ( ) ( )

x 1 x 3
x 2 x 2

=
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 1 0 x 1 .
( ) ( ) ( )
x 2 1 x 1 x 3 0
l
l
=
l
l
l
l

x 1 0
x 1 x 3

2
x 1
x 3 0
x 1 x 6x 9
'
1
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

x 1
x 3
x 5 x 2
'
1
1
!
1 = =
1
+

x 1
x 5
.
Kt hp vi iu kin, nghim ca phng trnh l x 5 = .
( ) ( ) ( )

2
x 5x 4 x 4
2 2
x 3 x 3

=
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Page - 7 -
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
x 3 1 x 5x 4 x 4 0
l l
=
l l
l l

( )

2
2
x 3 1 0 VN
x 5x 4 x 4

( )

2
2
x 4 0
x 5x 4 x 4
x 5x 4 x 4 VN
'
1
1
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
1+

x 4
x 0 x 6
'
1
1
!
1 = =
1
+

x 0 x 6 = = .
Vy phng trnh cho c hai nghim: x 0 x 6 = = .
( )

2
x 3 x 5x 6
2 3

=
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
Ly logarit c s 2 hai v, ta c:
( )
2
x 3 x 5x 6
2 3
log 2 log 3

=
( ) ( )

2
2 2
x 3 log 2 x 5x 6 log 3 =
( ) ( )( )

2
x 3 x 2 x 3 log 3 0 =
( ) ( )

2
x 3 . 1 x 2 log 3 0
l
=
l
l

( )

2
x 3 0
1 x 2 log 3

3 3
x 3
x log 2 2 log 18
= =
.
Vy phng trnh c hai nghim l
3
x 3 x log 18 = = .
( )

2
4 2
3
x
2x 5x 3
2
5 7 0

=
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
2
4 2
3
x
2x 5x 3
2
5 5
log 5 log 7 0

=
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Page - 8 -
( )

4 2 2
5 5
3
2x 5x 3 log 5 x log 7 0
2
1

=

( )

( )

2 2 2
5
3 3
2 x 1 x x log 7 0
2 2
1 1

=

( ) ( )

( )

2 2
5
3
x . 2 x 1 log 7 0
2
1
l
=
l
l
( )

( )

2
2
2
2 5
5
5
3
6
3
x
x
x 0
2
2
2
log 7
1
2 x 1 log 7 0
x 1 x 2log 175
2 2

=
=

=
= =

.
Vy phng trnh c cc nghim l
5
6 1
x x 2log 175
2 2
= = .
( )

2
x 4 2 x
2 .5 1

=
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
( )
2
x 4 2 x
2 2
log 2 .5 log 1

=

2
x 4 2 x
2 2
log 2 log 5 0

=
( )

2
2
x 4 2 x log 5 0 =
( )( ) ( )

2
x 2 x 2 x 2 log 5 0 =
( )( )

2
x 2 x 2 log 5 0 =

2
x 2
x 2 log 5
.
Vy phng trnh cho c hai nghim:
2
x 2 x 2 log 5 = = .
( )

2
x 2x
3
2
2
=
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
2
x 2x
2 2
3
log 2 log
2
=

2
2 2 2
x 2x. log 2 log 3 log 2 =
( )

2
2
x 2x 1 log 3 0 1 =
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Page - 9 -
( )
2
2 2
2
x 1 log 3
' 1 1 log 3 log 3 0
x 1 log 3
= =

=
.
2 2
x 1 log 3 x 1 log 3 = = .
( )

x 1
x
x
5 .8 500
=
i hc Kinh T Quc Dn nm 1998
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 0 .
( )
x 1
3
x 3 2
x
5 .2 5 .2
=

3x 3
x
x
3 2
5 2
. 1
5 2
=

3x 3
2
x 3
x
5 .2 1
=
( )

x 3
x 3
x
5 .2 1 1
=
( )
x 3
x 3
x
5 5
1 log 5 .2 log 1
1

=

( )

x 3
x 3
x
5 5
log 5 log 2 0
=
( )

5
x 3
x 3 log 2 0
x
=
( )

5
1
x 3 1 log 2 0
x
l
l
=
l
l

5
x 3
1
1 log 2 0
x

5
x 3
1 1
x log 2

5
x 3
x log 2
.
So vi iu kin, phng trnh c hai nghim:
5
x 3 x log 2 = = .
( )

2
2x 3
x 2
x
3 .4 18
=
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Page - 10 -
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 0 .
( )
2
2x 3
x 2
x
3 3
log 3 .4 log 18
1

=

( )

2
2x 3
x 2
x
3 3 3
log 3 log 4 log 18
=
( )

4x 6
2
x
3 3
x 2 log 2 log 9.2
=
( )

2
3 3 3
4x 6
x 2 log 2 log 9 log 2
x
1

( )

( )

2
3 3
4x 6
x 2 log 2 2 log 2 0
x
1

( )

( )

2
3
4x 6
x 4 1 log 2 0
x
1

( )

( )

2
3
3x 6
x 4 log 2 0
x
=
( )( )
( )

3
3 x 2
x 2 x 2 log 2 0
x
=
( )

3
3
x 2 x 2 log 2 0
x
1

=

( )

2
3
x 2
x 2x 3log 2 0 : VN

x 2 = .
So vi iu kin, phng trnh cho c nghim duy nht x 2 = .
( )

x
4 x
x 2
8 4.3

=
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 2 .
( )
3x
x 2
4 x
2
2
3
2
=

3x
2
4 x
x 2
2 3
=
( )

x 4
4 x
x 2
2 3 1
=
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Page - 11 -
( )
x 4
4 x
x 2
2 2
1 log 2 log 3
=
( )

2
x 4
4 x log 3
x 2

( )

2
x 4
x 4 log 3 0
x 2

( )

2
1
x 4 log 3 0
x 2
1

=

( )

2
x 4 0
1
log 3
x 2

2
x 4
x 2 log 3
.
So vi iu kin, phng trnh cho c hai nghim:
2
x 4 x 2 log 3 = = .
Th d 17. Gii bt phng trnh:
( )

2
9x 17x 11 7 5x
1 1
2 2

1 1

( ) ( )

Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
2
9x 17x 11 7 5x =
( )

2
2
9x 12x 4 0 3x 2 0

2
x
3
= .
Vy
2
x
3
= l nghim ca bt phng trnh.
( )

x
2x
x 1
1
3
9

( )

Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 1 .
( )
2x
2x
x 1
3 3

2x
2x
x 1

2
2x 4x
0
x 1
<

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Page - 12 -

x 2
1 x 0
<
< <
.
Kt hp vi iu kin, tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l
( ) ( )
x ; 2 1; 0 .
( ) ( )
( )

x 3 x 1
x 1 x 3
10 3 10 3

<
i hc Giao Thng Vn Ti nm 1998 Cao ng S Phm Nha Trang nm 2002
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
x 1 0 x 1
x 3 0 x 3
' '
1 1
1 1
! !
1 1
1 1
+ +
.
Ta c:
( )( ) ( )
( )
( )
1
1
10 3 10 3 1 10 3 10 3
10 3
= = =
.
( )
( ) ( )
x 3 x 1
x 1 x 3
10 3 10 3

<

x 3 x 1
x 1 x 3

<

( )( )

2
2x 10
0
x 1 x 3
<

3 x 5
1 x 5
< <

< <
.
So vi iu kin, tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l:
( ) ( )
x 3; 5 1; 5 .
( )

x 1 x 2 x 2 x 1
3 5 3 5

Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
x x x x
25.5 5.5 9.3 3.3

x x
20.5 6.3

x
5 3
3 10
1

( )

5
3
3
x log
10
.
Vy tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l
5
3
3
x log ;
10
1

( )
.
( )

x x 1 x 2 x x 1 x 2
4 4 4 9 9 9

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Page - 13 -
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
x x 2 x x x 2 x
4 4.4 4 .4 9 9.9 9 .9

x x
4 .21 9 .91

x
4
9
4 91 91
x log
9 21 21
1

<

( )
.
4
9
91
x log ;
21
1

( )
.
( )

2
x 1
x 2x
1
2
2

Bi gii tham kho
( )
2
x 1
x 2x
1
2
2

2
x 2x x 1
2 2

2
x 2x x 1

2
x 2x 1 x
( )

2
2
2
1 x 0
1 x 0
x 2
x 2x 0
x 2x 1 x
'
' 1 1
1
1
1 1

! !
1 1

1 1
1+
1+
.
)
x 2;
.
( )

x x 2
x x
2.3 2
1
3 2

i hc S Phm H Ni khi B, M, T nm 2001
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
x
x x x x
3
3 2 0 3 2 1 x 0
2
1

( )
.
Vi
x x
x 0 3 2 0 < < .
( )
x x x x
2.3 4.2 3 2
x 0
'
1

1
1

!
1 <
1
1+

x x
3 3.2
x 0
'
1

1
1
!
1 <
1
1+

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Page - 14 -

x
3
3
2
x 0
'
1
1
1

1

1

!
( )
1
1
< 1
1
+

3
3
x log
x 2
x 0
' 1
1
1
1
1

! ( )
1
1
<
1
1+
.
Vi
x x
x 0 3 2 0 .
( )
x x x x
2.3 4.2 3 2
x 0
'
1

1
1

!
1
1
1+

x x
3 3.2
x 0
'
1

1
1
!
1
1
1+

x
3
3
2
x 0
'
1
1
1

1

1

!
( )
1
1
1
1
+

2
3
x log
2
x 0
'
1
1

11
!
1
1
1
1+

2
3
0 x log
2
< .
2
3
x 0; log
2
l
(
l
.
( )

2
2x x 1 1 x
2 2
1 1
x x
2 2

1 1

( ) ( )

Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1
x 1 . 2x x 1 1 x 0
2
l 1
l l

l
l
l
( )
l
l

( )

2 2
1
x 2x 2x 0
2
1

( )

( )

1 1
x ; 1 ; 0 ;
2 2
l l
l l

l l
l l
.
( )
1 1
x ; 1 ; 0 ;
2 2
l l
l l

l l
l l
.
( )

2x 1 3 x
5 7

<
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 15 -
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
2x 1 3 x
5 5
log 5 log 7

<
( )

5
2x 1 3 x log 7 <

5 5
2x x log 7 3log 7 1 <
( )

5 5
x 2 log 7 3log 7 1 <

5
5
1 3log 7
x
2 log 7
<
.
5
5
1 3log 7
x ;
2 log 7
1

( )
.
( )

2
x 5x 6 x 3
5 2

Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
2
x 5x 6 x 3
5 5
log 5 log 2

( )

2
5
x 5x 6 x 3 log 2
( )( ) ( )

5
x 2 x 3 x 3 log 2 0
( ) ( )

5
x 3 x 2 log 2 0
l

l
l

( ) ( )

5 5 5
x ; 2 log 2 3; do : log 2 1 x 2 log 2 3
l
< = <
l
l
.
( )
5
x ; 2 log 2 3;
l

l
l
.
( )

2
x x
49.2 16.7
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
2
x x
4 2
2 7
2 7

( )

2
x 4 x 2
2 7 1

( )
2
x 4 x 2
2 2
1 log 2 log 7

( )

2
2
x 4 x 2 log 7
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Page - 16 -
( ) ( )

2
2 2
x log 7 .x 2log 7 4 0 2
Ta c:
( ) ( )
2 2
2
2 2 2 2
log 7 8 log 7 16 log 7 4 4 log 7 0 = = = .
( )
( )
( )
2 2
1
1 2
2 2
2 2 2
log 7 4 log 7
x 2
2
, x x
log 7 4 log 7
7
x log 7 2 log
2 4
= =
= = =
.
( )

2
7
2 x log x 2
4
< .
( )
2
7
x ; log 2;
4
1

( )
.
BI TP TNG T
Bi tp 1. Gii cc phng trnh sau
1/
x 1 x 1
32 0, 25.128

= . S: x 14 = .
2/
2x 3
x
1
3 3 3
81
1
1

=

( )
( )
. S:
16
x
13
= .
3/
x x 3 x 3
2 4 0,125 0, 25 = . S:
2 19
x
5

= .
4/
x 1 x 1 x
2.3 6.3 3 9

= . S: x 1 = .
5/
x x 1 2 x
1
2 .5 .10
5

= . S: x 1 = .
6/
( )
2x 1
7x
x 1
8 0, 25. 2
= . S:
2
x 1 x
7
= = .
7/
x
2x 3
2
0,125.4
8

( )
. S: x 6 = .
8/
( )
5
x x x 1
2 .5 0,1. 10

= . S:
3
x
2
= .
9/
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2x 1
x x 1 x 1
3 4
2x
2 2 4 2

= . S:
1
x 1 x 3 x
3
= = = .
10/
x x
2 25 125
.
5 8 64
1 1

=

( ) ( )
. S: x 3 = .
11/
2
2x x 5 2x 1
2 8

= . S:
1
x 2 x
2
= = .
12/
x 1 x 1 x
1 x
1
2 .4 . 16
8

= . S: x 2 = .
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Page - 17 -
13/
x x
2 . 3 216 = . S: x 6 = .
14/
x x 1
5 .8 100
= . S:
40
25
x log
2
= .
15/
x 1 2x 3 3x 1
2 .3 6

= . S:
12
x log 9 = .
16/
3x 1
8x 2
9 3

= . S:
2
x
7
= .
17/
2x 3
x
5 125
= . S:
3
x
5
= .
18/
4x 6
3x 4
5 25

= . S:
7
x
5
= .
19/
2
x 1 x 2x 11 9
5 9 5
.
3 25 3

1 1 1

=

( ) ( ) ( )
. S:
7
x 2 x
2
= = .
20/
x 7 1 2x
1 1
. 2
2 2

1 1

=

( ) ( )
. S: x 9 = .
21/
x 1 x 3 x 1
20 60
4 .3 .5
27

= . S:
1
x
2
= .
22/
x 1 x x x 1
3 6 .2 .3

= . S: x 2 = .
23/
( )
x 2
x x 1
2 .3 3
= . S: x 0 = .
24/
2
3
3
1
17
x
16
x 1
1
3
9
= . S:
5 3
x x 1 x
4 4
= = = .
25/
x 1 x x
5 . 8 100
= . S:
5
x 2 x log 10 = = .
26/
( )
2 2
x
x
2x 24 x 12
3
0, 6 .5 .9
5

1

=

( )
. S: x 2 3 = .
27/
3 x 1 2x 1 3 x
2 . 4 .8 2 2.0,125

= . S:
53
x
7
= .
28/
6 x 1 x 1
2 2 .2 4

= . S:
3
x
2
= .
29/
8
x 1
x
3 4 9
.
4 3 16
1 1

=

( ) ( )
. S: x 1 x 4 = = .
30/
2
x 1 x x 1
5 9
. 1
3 25

1 1

=

( ) ( )
. S:
3
x x 1
2
= = .
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Page - 18 -
31/
4x 2 x 1
x 2 x 1
1
27 .81
9

= . S:
2
x 3 x
11
= = .
32/
2
3x 19 1 1
x 2 x 2 x 4
16 0, 25.2

= . S:
5
x 1 x
2
= = .
1/
x x 1 x 2 x x 3 x 1
5 5 5 3 3 3

= . S: x 0 = .
2/
x 1 x 2 x 3 x 4
3 3 3 3 750

= . S: x 5 = .
3/
x x 1 x 2 x x 2 x 1
2 2 2 3 3 3

= . S: x 2 = .
4/
x x 2 x 1 x 2 x 2
4 4 4 3 3

= . S:
4
3
1280
x log
729
= .
5/
2 2 2 2
x 1 x 2 x x 1
2 2 3 3

= . S: x 3 = .
6/
x 1 x x 1
3 3 3 9477

= . S: x 7 = .
7/
9 7
x x
2x 5 x 4
2 2
2 3 3 4

= . S:
3
x
2
= .
8/
x x 2 x 2 x 1
1 1
3.4 .9 6.4 .9
3 2

= . S:
9
4
62
x log
21
= .
9/
3 1
x x
x 2x 1
2 2
9 2 2 3

= . S:
9
2
9 2
x log
4
= .
10/
x x 1 x 2 x x 1 x 2
3 3 3 5 5 5

= . S:
3
5
31
x log
16
= .
11/
1 1
x x
x 2x 2
2 2
5 9 3 5

= . S:
3
x
2
= .
12/
1 1
x x
x 2x 1
2 2
4 3 3 2

= . S:
3
x
2
= .
1/
( )
3x
3 2 2 3 2 2 = . S:
1
x
3
= .
2/
( ) ( )
3x 1 5x 8
5 2 6 5 2 6

= . S:
7
x
8
= .
3/
( ) ( )
x 1 2x 8
3 2 2 3 2 2

= . S: x 3 = .
4/
( )
3
3x 4x
3 2 2 3 2 2
= . S:
3 21
x 1 x
6

= = .
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Page - 19 -
5/
( ) ( )
x 1
x 1
x 1
5 2 5 2
= . S: x 1 x 2 = = .
6/
( ) ( )
x 3 x 1
x 1 x 3
82 9 82 9

= . S: x 5 = .
7/
( ) ( )
2x 1 4x 3
4x 3 2x 1
145 12 145 12

= . S:
2
x
2
= .
8/
( ) ( )
3x 1 x
x 3x 1
226 25 226 25
= . S:
10
x
10
= .
9/
2x 5 2x 1
2x 1 2x 5
6 35 6 35

1 1

=

( ) ( )
. S:
13
x
2
= .
10/
( ) ( )
2
x 2x 9 2x 7
7 48 7 48

= . S: x 2 = .
1/
2
3x 7 1 1
x 2 x 2 x 4
16 0, 25.2

= . S:
5
x x 1
2
= = .
2/
2 x 4 x
x 3
1 1
3 99
3 9

1 1

=

( ) ( )
. S: x 6 = .
3/
( )
1
1
x
x 5 x 5 x 1
1
2 .4
2

l
l
=
l
l
l
. S: x 1 = .
4/
( )
2
1
x 1
x 3 2 x
2 2 4
l
l
=
l
l
l
. S: x 9 = .
5/
( )
x x
4 3 x x
4 3 4 5 7
27 3
l
l
=
l
l
l
l
. S: x 10 = .
6/
2 2 2
x 4 x x 12 2x x 16
4 4 4 1

= . S: x 4 x 3 x 2 = = = .
1/
( ) ( )
2
x x 5 x 10
x 2 x 2

= . S: x 1 x 5 = = .
2/
( )
x 1
2
2x x 1
= . S: x 1 = .
3/
( )
x 2
2
x x 1
= . S: x 2 = .
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Page - 20 -
4/
( )
2
x 1
2
x x 1 1
= . S: x 0 x 1 = = .
5/
( )
x 3
x 1 1
= . S: x 0 x 3 = = .
6/
( ) ( )
sin x 2 3 cos x
2 2
2 x x 2 x x

. S:
1 5
x x
2 6

= = .
7/
( ) ( )
2 2
x x 4 3x 5x 2
2
x 3 x 6x 9

= . S: x 4 x 5 = = .
8/
( )
2
4 x
2
x 2x 2 1
= . S: x 1 x 2 = = .
9/
( )
2
x 4
2
x 5x 4 1
= . S:
5 13
x x 2
2
= = .
10/
( )
2
4 x
2 2
x x 1 x x 1
= . S:
15
x 0 x 1 x
2
= = = .
11/
( )
2
9 x
2 2 3
x 2x 2 x 2x 2 0
= . S:
4 5
x 1 x
3
= = .
12/
( ) ( )
3
x 1 x 1
3
x 1 x 1

= . S: x 0 x 2 x 1 3 3 = = = .
13/
( )
2
x x 2
x 3 x 3
= . S: x 1 x 2 x 4 = = = .
1/
2
x 4 x 2
2 5

= . S:
2
5
x 2 x log
4
= = .
2/
2
x 5x 6 x 3
5 2

= . S:
5
x 3 x log 50 = = .
3/
2
x 4x x 4
3 2

= . S:
3
x 4 x log 2 = = .
4/
2
x x 1
1
8 .5
8
= . S:
5
x 1 x 1 log 8 = = .
5/
x 1
x
x
3 .4 18
= . S:
3
x 2 x log 2 = = .
6/
2
2x 3
x 2
x
3 .4 18
= . S: x 2 = .
7/
2
x x
3 .2 1 = . S:
2
x 0 x log 3 = = .
8/
2
x x
2 .5 10 = . S:
5
x 1 x 1 log 2 = = .
9/
3x
x
x 2
3 .2 6
= . S: x 1 = .
10/
x
2 x
3x 6
8 36.3

= . S:
2
3
x 4 x log
4
= = .
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Page - 21 -
11/
2x 1
x 1
2
4.9 3.2
= . S:
3
x
2
= .
12/
x
2 x
x 2
8 36.3

= . S:
3
x 4 x 2 log 2 = = .
13/
2
x 2x x
3
2 .3
2
= . S:
2
2
x 1 x log
3
= = .
14/
x
x
x 1
3 .8 36
= . S:
2
3
x 2 x log
2
= = .
15/
3x
x 2
x 1
5 .2 4

= . S:
5
2
x 2 x log
5
= = .
16/
2x 1 3 x
5 7

= . S:
175
x 4 log 5 = .
17/
5
3 log x
5 25x
= . S: x 5 = .
18/
x
4 lg
2
4
x 1600 = . S:
1
x 40 x
10
= = .
19/
x
log 5 4 3
x .5 5 = . S:
4
1
x x 5
5
= = .
20/
4 log x
x 100 = . S:
4
x 10
= .
21/
log x 2
x 1000x = . S:
1
x x 1000
10
= = .
22/
2
log x 4
x 32
= . S:
1
x 2 x
32
= = .
23/
( )
2
25 5
log 5x 1 log 7
7 x
= . S:
1
x 125 x
5
= = .
24/
x x
7 5
5 7 = . S:
( )
7 5
5
x log log 7 = .
25/
2x 1
x
x 1
5 .2 50
= . S:
2
5
x 2 x log
2
= = .
26/
9
log x 2
9.x x = . S: x 9 = .
27/
2
x 1 2x x 1 x
5 .2 10.8

= . S:
2
1
x 2 x log 5
2
= = .
28/
x 1 2x 1
4.9 3 2

= . S:
3
x
2
= .
29/
1 1
x x
x 2x 1
2 2
4 3 3 2

= . S:
3
x
2
= .
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Page - 22 -
30/
4x 1 3x 2
2 1
5 7

1 1

=

( ) ( )
. S:
7
7
2
2 log
5
x
2
4log 3
5

=
.
31/
2
3 x 4 x
3 125.125
= . S:
2
3 3 3
8
3log 5 9log 5 16 log 5
3
2

.
Bi tp 7. Gii cc bt phng trnh sau
1/
x 1 x
x 2 x 2
4 0, 25.32

. S:
( ( )
; 13 1; 0 2;
l l

l l
l l
.
2/
( )
2
2x 3x 6
0, 3 0, 00243

< . S:
( )
1
x ; 1;
2
1

( )
.
3/
x 2
x
1
3
3

( )
. S:
)
x 2; 7
.
4/
8x
8 4096 . S:
( )
x 2; .
5/
2 2
x 3x 4 x 3x 4
2 3

< . S:
( ) ( )
x ; 1 4; .
6/
2
4x 15x 13 4 3x
1 1
2 2

1 1

<

( ) ( )
. S:
3
x \
2
' '
1 1
1 1
! !
1 1
1 1 + +
.
7/
6x 5
2 5x
2 25
5 4
1

<

( )
. S:
5 1
x ; ;
2 16
1 1

( ) ( )
.
8/
6 3
x 2x 1 1 x
1 1
2 2

1 1

<

( ) ( )
. S:
( )
x ;1 \ 0 .
9/
( )
x x 1 x 1 x 2
5 3 2 5 3

. S:
)
x 3;
.
10/
x x 2 x 1 x 1
7 5 2.7 118.5

< . S:
( )
x ; 2 .
11/
x 2 x 3 x 4 x 1 x 2
2 2 2 5 5

. S:
( )
x 0; .
12/
x x 1 x 2
3 3 3 11

. S: x 0; 4
l
l
l
.
13/
2x 3 x 7 3x 1
6 2 .3

. S:
)
x 4;
.
14/
x 1 x 3 x 4 x 2
7.3 5 3 5

. S:
(
x ; 1
l

l
l
.
15/
x 2 x 1 x x 2
2 5 2 5

. S:
5
2
3
x log ;
20
1
.
16/
x 1 x 2
2 .3 36

. S:
( )
6
x log 8; .
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Page - 23 -
17/
( ) ( )
x
x 1
x 1
2 1 2 1
. S:
( )
1 5 1 5
; 1;
2 2
l

l

l
l
l
.
18/
( ) ( )
2 2
x 2x 1 x 2x 1
4
2 3 2 3
2 3

. S: x 1 2; 1 2
l

l
l
.
19/
2
x 1
x 2x
1
2
2
. S:
)
x 2;
.
20/
1
1
2x 1
3x 1
2 2
. S:
1
x ;
3
1

( )
.
21/
2
2
x 2
x 1
0, 2 25
. S:
( )
x 1;1 .
Bi tp 8. Gii bt phng trnh:
( ) ( )
x 1
x 1
x 1
5 2 5 2
.
Cao ng s phm k thut Vinh nm 2001
S:
) )
x 2; 1 1;

.
x 1
2 4x 6
4
x 2
.
S:
( ) ( )
x ; 2 4; .
x
4 2x 4
2
x 1

.
i hc Vn Ha H Ni nm 1997
S:
1
x ;1
2
1
.
( )
x
2
x x 1 1 < .
S:
( )
x ; 1 .
2
x x 1
x 2x
1
3
3

( )
.
i hc Bch Khoa H Ni nm 1997
S:
( )
x 2; .
2 x 1 x x 2
6x 3 .x 3 2.3 .x 3x 9
< .
S:
)
3
x 0;1 ;
2
1

( )
.
2 2 2
2 x 1 x 2 x
4x x.2 3.2 x .2 8x 12
.
i hc Dc H Ni nm 1997
S:
( ) ( )
x 2; 1 2; 3 .
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Page - 24 -
2 x 1 x 2 x
4x 3 .x 3 2x .3 2x 6
.
thi th i hc nm 2013 khi B, D THPT Sm Sn Thanh Ha
S:
2
3
3
x 0; log 2 ;
2
1
l

l
l
)
.
( )
2
x 4 2 x 2
3 x 4 3 1

.
i hc S Phm Vinh khi A, B nm 2000
S: x 2 x 2 .
( )
2
2 x 2 x
3x 5x 2 2x 3 .2x. 3x 5x 2 2x 3 .
i hc Y Thi Bnh nm 2001
S:
1
1 x
3
< .
( )
4 x 1 2 x 1
x 8.e x x .e 8

.
i hc Xy Dng nm 2001
S: x 2 < .

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Page - 25 -

I L THUYT C BN

II CC TH D
C CC C Cc th d v t n ph dng 1:
( )
( )
( )
( )

f x
f x
t a , t 0
P a 0
P t 0
'
1
=
1
1
=
!
1
=
1
1+
.
( )

x x
9 5.3 6 0 =
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( ) ( )
x
2 x
3 5.3 6 0 =
( ) ( )

2
x x
3 5.3 6 0 =
t
x
t 3 0 = . Khi :
( )
( )
( )

2
t 2 N
t 5t 6 0
t 3 N
=

=

x
3
x
t 3 2 x log 2
x 1
t 3 3

= = =

=
= =

.
Vy nghim ca phng trnh l
3
x 1 x log 2 = = .
Dng 2. Gii phng trnh m bng cch t n ph
C CC C Loi 1:
C CC C Loi 2:
Chia hai v cho ri t n ph (chia c s ln hoc nh nht).
C CC C Loi 3: vi . t .

C CC C Loi 4:
Lu : Mt s trng hp ta t n ph khng hon ton. Ngha l sau khi t n
ph t vn cn x. Ta gii phng trnh theo t vi x c xem nh l hng s.
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Page - 26 -
( ) ( )

2x
x
x
7
6. 0, 7 7
100
=
i hc An Ninh Nhn Dn khi D, G nm 2000
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
2x x
7 7
6. 7 0
10 10
1 1

=

( ) ( )

x
2
7
t 0
10
t 6t 7 0
'
1
1
1
1
= 1
1

!
( )
1
1
1 =
1
1+

( ) ( )

x x
7 7
t 1 L t 7 N
10 10
1 1

= = = =

( ) ( )

0,7
x log 7 =
Vy phng trnh c nghim duy nht:
0,7
x log 7 = .
( )

1 2x x
2 15.2 8 0
=
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh : D = .
( )
2x x
2.2 15.2 8 0 =
( )

2
x x
2. 2 15.2 8 0 =

x
2
t 2 0
2t 15t 8 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

( )
( )

x
t 2
1
t N
2
t 8 L
'
1
=
1
1
1
1
1

! =
1
1
1
1 =
1
1+

x 1
1
2 2 x 1
2
= = = .
Vy phng trnh c nghim l x 1 = .
( )

x x 1
4.4 9.2 8 0
=
Cao ng S Phm TW nm 2006
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
2x x
4.2 18.2 8 0 =
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 27 -

x
2
t 2 0
4t 18t 8 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

x
x
2 4
x 2
1
x 1
2
2
=

=
=
=

.
Vy phng trnh c hai nghim l x 1 x 2 = = .
( ) ( )
( )

x x
7 4 3 2 3 6 =
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
( ) ( )
x
2 x
2 3 2 3 6 0
l
l
=
l
l

( ) ( )

2
x x
2 3 2 3 6 0
l
l
=
l
l

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )

x
x
x
2 3
2
t 2 3 2
t 2 3 0
x log 2
t t 6 0
t 2 3 3 L

'
1

= = 1
=
1
1
=
!

1

1
=
= =
1

1+
.
Vy phng trnh c mt nghim l
( )
2 3
x log 2
= .
( ) ( )( ) ( )
( )

x x x
7 5 2 2 5 3 2 2 3 1 2 1 2 0 =
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
( ) ( )( ) ( )
3x 2x x
1 2 2 5 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 0 =
( )
( )

x
3 2
t 1 2 0
t 2 5 t 3t 1 2 0
'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1 =
1
1+

( )
( )
( )

x
2
t 1 2 0
t 1 t 2 4 t 2 1 0
'
1
1
=
1
1
!
l 1
1 =
l
1
l 1+

( )
( )
( )
( )

x
x
x
x
t 1 2 0
1 2 1
x 0
t 1
1 2 1 2 x 1
t 1 2
x 2
1 2 3 2 2
t 3 2 2
'
1
1
=
= 1
1

=
1

1
= 1
1

= =
!

1
1 =
= 1

1

=
1

1 =
1
1+
.
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 28 -
Vy phng trnh c ba nghim l x 2 x 0 x 1 = = = .
Nhn xt: Vn ca bi ton l nhn ra
( )
( )
n
1 2 , n Z vi
( )
n 1 1 2 , =
vi
( )
n 2 3 2 2 , = vi
( )
n 3 7 5 2 = . Theo kinh nghim ca
ti, nu chng ta gp phng trnh m c nhiu c s dng s v t (cha
cn) v khng phi l cp nghch o ca nhau
( )
a.b 1 = th ta nn s
dng my tnh b ti tm, chng hn nh
( )
X
1 2 v lc , ti s
CALC nhng s nguyn X nh 2, 3, 4, ri s dng cng thc
( ) ( )
c b
b bc c
a a a = = nhn ra n s ph.
( )

x 2 x 2
4 16 10.2

=
i hc Hng Hi nm 1998
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 2 0 x 2 .
( )
x 2
2
t 2 0
t 10t 16 0
'
1
=
1
1

!
1
=
1
1+

x 2 x 2
x 2
2 8 x 2 3 x 11 t 2 0
x 3
t 8 t 2 2 2 x 2 1

'
1
= = = =
1
1

!

1 =
= = = =
1
1+
.
So vi tp xc nh, phng trnh c hai nghim : x 3 x 11 = = .
( )

2x 2 x
2 3.2 1 0
=
i hc Thy Sn nm 1997
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( ) ( )
( )
x
x
2
x x
2
t 2 0
t 2 0
3 17
4. 2 3.2 1 0 t
4 4.t 3t 1 0
3 17
t L
4
'
1
1
=
1
1
1
'
1 1
=
1 1
1 1
= =
! !
1 1
=
1 1
1+ 1
1
1
=
1
1
1+

( )

x
2 2
17 3 17 3
2 x log log 17 3 2
4 4

= = = .
Vy nghim phng trnh l:
( )
2
x log 17 3 2 = .
( )

2 2
x x 1 x x 2
9 10.3 1 0

=
D b 2 i hc khi B nm 2006
Bi gii tham kho
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 29 -
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
( )
2
2
2 x x 1
x x 1
10
3 .3 1 0
3

=

2
2
2
x x 1 1
x x 1
2
x x 1 1
t 3 3 3
t 3 0
1
3t 10t 3 0
t 3 3
3

'
1 = = =
1 =
1

!
1
=
= = = 1
1+

2
2
x x 1 1 x 1 x 2
x 0 x 1
x x 1 1

= = =

= =
=

.
Vy phng trnh c 4 nghim l x 2 x 1 x 0 x 1 = = = = .
( )

2 1
1
x x
1 1
3. 12
3 3
1 1

=

( ) ( )

Hc Vin Chnh Tr Quc Gia Tp. H Ch Minh Ban khoa hc x hi nm 2000
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 0 .
( )
1 1
2.
x x
1 1
12 0
3 3
1 1

=

( ) ( )
1
x
2
1
t 0
3
t t 12 0
'
1
1
1
1
1
= 1

!
( )
1
1
1
=
1
1+

( )
( )

t 3 N
t 4 L

1
x
1
3
1 1
3 log 3 1
3 x
1

= = =

( )
x 1 = .
So vi iu kin, nghim ca phng trnh l x 1 = .
( )

2x 5 x 1
3 36.3 9 0

=
Cao ng Kinh T K Thut Cng Nghip khi A nm 2004
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
( ) 2 x 1
x 1
27.3 36.3 9 0

=

x 1
x 1 x 1
2 x 1 1
t 3 0
t 3 0 3 1 x 1
1
x 2
27t 36t 9 0 3 3
t 1 t
3

'
1
' =
1 1
= = =
1 1
1 1

! !

1 1 =
= = = =
1 1

1+ 1
1+
.
Vy phng trnh c hai nghim x 2 = v x 1 = .
( )

x 1 2 x
5 5 124

=
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh : D = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 30 -
( )
x
x
x
2
x
t 5 0
t 5 0
25
5.5 124 0
25
5t 124t 25 0 5 5t 124 0
t
'
1
' =
1 1
=
1 1
1 1
=
! !
1 1
=
=
1 1
1+ 1
1+

( )
( )

x
x
t 5 25 N
x 2
1
t 5 L
5
= =
= =
.
Vy phng trnh c mt nghim l x 2 = .
( )

x 1 x
5 5 4 0
=
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 0 .
( )
x
x
5
5 4 0
5
=
( )
( )

x
x x
2 x
t 5 0
t 5 1 N t 5 0
5
t 4t 5 0 t 5 5 L t 4 0
t
'
1
'
= 1 1
= = = 1 1
1 1
! !
1 1

= = = = 1 1
1+ 1
1+

x 0
5 5 x 0 x 0 = = = .
Vy phng trnh c mt nghim x 0 = .
( )

2 2x 2 x
3 2.3 27 0

=
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
( ) 2 1 x
1 x
3 2.3.3 27 0

=
( )

2
1 x 1 x
3 6.3 27 0

=
( )
( )

1 x 1 x
2 1 x
t 3 0 t 3 3 L
1 x 2 x 1
t 6t 27 0 t 3 9 N

'
1
= = =
1

1
= =
!

1
= = =
1
1+
.
( )

2 2
x x 5 x 1 x 5
4 12.2 8 0

=
Cao ng S Phm Tp. H Ch Minh nm 2002
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
2
x 5
x 5 0
x 5
.
( )
2 2
2
x x 5 x x 5
2 6.2 8 0

1

=
( )

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 31 -

2
2
2
x x 5
x x 5
2
x x 5
2 2
t 2 0
t 6.t 8 0
2 4

'
1
= 1
=
1

!
1
= 1
=
1
+

2 2
2 2
x x 5 1 x 5 x 1
x x 5 2 x 5 x 2

= =

= =

( )
( )

2
2
2
2
x 1 x 1 0
x 3 x 3
x 5 x 1
9 x 2
x 2 0
x
4
9
x
x 5 x 2
4
' '
1 1
1 1
1
!
!

1 = =
1 1 = + 1
1+

'
1
' 1 1
=
1 1 1
1
!
!
1
= 1
1 =
1
1
1+ 1+
.
Kt hp vi iu kin, phng trnh c hai nghim l
9
x x 3
4
= = .
( )

2 2
x x 2 x x
2 2 3

=
i hc khi D nm 2003
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
( )
2
2 x x
x x
2 4.2 3 0

=

2
2
x x
x x
1
2 4. 3 0
2
=

2
x x
t 2 0
1
t 4. 3 0
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
1+

( )

2
2
2
x x
x x
2
2
x x 2
t 2 1 L x 1
t 2 0
x x 2
x 2
t 3t 4 0
t 2 4 2
'
1
= = =
1 =
1
=
!

1 =
=
= = = 1

1+

.
Vy phng trnh c hai nghim x 1 x 2 = = .
( )

2 2
sin x cos x
9 9 6 1 =
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
Cch gii 1. t n ph vi 1 n.
( )
2 2
1 cos x cos x
1 9 9 6
=
( )

2
2
cos x
cos x
9
9 6 0 2
9
=
t :
( )
2
cos x
t 9 , 1 t 9 =
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 32 -
( )
9
2 t 6 0
t
=

2
t 6t 9 0 =

2
cos x
t 3 9 3 = =

2
2cos x 1
3 3 =

2
2cos x 1 0 =
( )

k
cos 2x 0 x , k
4 2

= = .
Cch gii 2. t n ph vi 2 n dn n h phng trnh.
t:
( )
2
2
sin x
cos x
u 9
, 1 u, v 9
v 9
'
1
=
1
1

!
1
=
1
1+
.
( ) 2 2 2 2
sin x cos x sin x cos x
u v 6
1
u.v 9 .9 9 9
'
1 =
1
1
!
1
= = =
1
1+

u v 3 = =

2 2
sin x cos x
9 9 3 = =

2
2cos x 1
3 3 =

2
2cos x 1 0 =
( )

k
cos 2x 0 x , k
4 2

= = .
Cch gii 3. Phng php c lng hai v (dng bt ng thc Cauchy).
Ta c:
2 2 2 2
Cauchy
sin x cos x sin x cos x
9 9 2 9 .9 2. 9 6 = = .
Du " " = xy ra khi:
( )
2 2
sin x cos x
k
9 9 cos 2x 0 x , k
4 2

= = = .
( )

2
2
1
cot x
sin x
4 2 3 0 =
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
( )
sin x 0 x k , k .
( )
2
2 cot x
cot x
4 2.2 3 0 =
2
2
1
do : 1 cot x
sin x
1

=

( )

2
cot x
2
t 2 1
t 2t 3 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

2
cot x
t 2 1
t 1 t 3
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
= =
1
1+

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 33 -

2
cot x
2 1 =

2
cot x 0 =
( )
cot x 0 x k , k
2
= = .
So vi iu kin, phng trnh c mt tp nghim:
( )
x k , k
2
= .
( )

2 2
1 2sin x 2cos x
4 9.4 5 1

=
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
2 2
1 2cos x 2cos x
1 4 9.4 5 0

=

2
2
2cos x
2cos x
4 9
5 0
4
4
=
( )

2
2cos x
t 4 , 1 t 16
t 9
5 0
4 t
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
1+

2
2cos x
2
t 4
t 20t 36 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

( )
( ) ( )

2
2cos x
t 4 , 1 t 16
t 18 L t 2 N
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
= =
1
1+

( )

2
2cos x 2
1 1
4 2 2cos x cos x x k , k
2 2 3
= = = = .
( )

3 3x 3 3x 4 x 4 x 3
3 3 3 3 10

=
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
3x x 3
3x x
27 81
27.3 81.3 10
3 3
=
( )

3x x 3
3x x
1 1
27. 3 81. 3 10 1
3 3
1 1

=

( ) ( )

t
Cauchy
x x
x x
1 1
t 3 2 3 . 2
3 3
= = .
3
3 x 3x 2x x 3x 3
x x 2x 3x 3x
1 1 1 1 1
t 3 3 3.3 . 3.3 . 3 t 3t
3 3 3 3 3
1

= = =

( )
.
( ) ( )
3 3
1 27 t 3t 81t 10 =
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 34 -

3
3
10
t
27
=
( )

x
x
1 10
t 3 2 N
3 3
= =

x
x
2
x
y 3 3
y 3 0
x 1
1
3y 10y 3 0
y 3
3
= =
'
1
=
1
1

=
!
1
=
= =
1
1+
.
( )

x 1 x x
x
3
27 27 16 3 6 0
3
1

=

( )

thi th i hc ln 1 nm 2013 THPT Trn Ph H Tnh
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( ) ( )

x x
x x
27 3
27 16 3 6 0 1
27 3
1

=

( )

t
x 3 x x 3
x x x
3 3 27
t 3 t 3 27 t 9t
3 3 27
1

= = =

( )
.
( )
3
1 t 7t 6 0 =
t 1 t 2 t 3 = = = .
Vi
x x
3 x
3 1 13 1 13
t 1 3 1 3 x log
2 2 3

= = = = .
Vi
x x
x
3
t 2 3 2 3 3 x 1
3
= = = = .
Vi
x x
3 x
3 21 3 21 3
t 3 3 3 3 x log
2 2 3

= = = = .
Vy phng trnh c ba nghim:
3 3
21 3 1 13
x 1 x log x log
2 2

= = = .
( )
( )

3x x
x 3 x 1
1 12
2 6.2 1 1
2
2

=
i hc Y H Ni nm 2000
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
3x x
3x x
8 12
1 2 6.2 1 0
2 2
=
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 35 -
( )
( )
( )

3
x x
3 x
x
8 2
2 6 2 1 0
2
2
l
l 1

l
=

l

( )
l
l

t
x
x
2
t 2
2
= .
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
3 2 3
3 x x x x 3
x 2 3 3
x x x
2 4 8 8
t 2 3. 2 . 3.2 . 2 t 6t
2
2 2 2
= = .
( )
3
x
x
t 6t 6t 1
2
t 2
2
'
1
=
1
1
1

!
1
=
1
1
1+

( )

x
x x
x
t 1
2 1 L
x 1
2
2 2 t 2
2
'
1 =
'
1 1
=
1 1
1 1
=
! !
1 1
= =
1 1
1+
1
1+
.
Vy nghim phng trnh l x 1 = .
( ) ( )

x
5
log 5 4 1 x =
D b 2 i hc khi D nm 2003
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
x
5 4 0 .
Cch gii 1. t n ph.
( )
x 1 x x
x
1
5 4 5 5 5. 4 0
5
= =

x x
2 x
t 5 0 t 5 1
x 1
t 4t 5 0 t 5 5

= = =

=

= = =

.
Kt hp vi iu kin, phng trnh c nghim duy nht x 1 = .
Cch gii 2. S dng tnh n iu ca hm s.
Nhn thy x 1 = l mt nghim ca phng trnh
( )
.
Hm s
( ) ( )
x
5
f x log 5 4 : = l hm s ng bin.
Hm s
( )
g x 1 x : = l hm s nghch bin.
Do , x 1 = l nghim duy nht ca phng trnh
( )
.
( ) ( )

x
2
x log 9 2 3 =
i hc Hu khi A, B H chuyn ban nm 2000
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
x
9 2 0 .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 36 -
( ) ( )
x
2
log 9 2 3 x =

x 3 x
9 2 2

=

x
x
8
2 9 0
2
=

2 x
x x x
t 1 t 8 t 9t 8 0 2 1 x 0
x 3 t 2 0 t 2 0 2 8
' '
1 1 = = = = =
1 1 1 1

! !

1 1 = = = =
1 1
1+ 1+
.
So vi iu kin, nghim ca phng trnh l: x 0 x 3 = = .
( ) ( )

x
x 3
log log 9 6 1
l
=
l
l

i hc Dn Lp ng khi A, V nm 2001
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
( )
x
3
x
0 x 1
log 9 6 0
9 6 0
'
1
<
1
1
1
1

!
1
1
1
1
1+
.
( ) ( )
x
3
log 9 6 x =

x x
9 6 3 =
( )
( )

x x
2 x
t 3 0 t 3 3 N
x 1
t t 6 0 t 3 2 L
'
1
= = =
1 1
=
!

1
= = =
1
1+
.
So vi iu kin, nghim x 1 = khng tha. Vy phng trnh v nghim.
( ) ( )

x 1 x
3
log 9 4.3 2 2x 1
=
i hc Dn Lp Phng ng nm 2001
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin :
x 1 x
9 4.3 2 0
.
( )
x 1 x 2x 1
9 4.3 2 3

=

2x 2x x
9.3 3.3 4.3 2 0 =

2x x
6.3 4.3 2 0 =
( )
( )

x
x
2
x
t 2 1 N
t 3 0
x 0
1
6t 4t 2 0
t 2 L
3
' = =
1
=
1
1

=
!
1
=
= =
1

1+
.
Thay x 0 = vo iu kin, iu kin tha. Vy nghim phng trnh l x 0 = .
( )

2x 1 x 1 x x 1
5.3 7.3 1 6.3 9 0 1

=
i hc Hng c khi A nm 2001
Bi gii tham kho
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 37 -
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
x x x x
7 5
1 1 6.3 3.3 .3 . 3
3 3
=
( ) ( )

2 2
x x x
7 5
1 3.3 .3 . 3
3 3
=

( ) ( )

2
x x x
7 5
1 3.3 .3 . 3 2
3 3
=
t
x
t 3 0 =
( )
2
7 5
2 1 3t t t
3 3
=

2
2
2
2
2
7 7 5
0 t t t 0
7
5 3 3 0 t
5 1
7 5
t t 3
1 3t t t
5t 16t 3 0
5
3 3
3
5 7 5t 2t 3 0
t 1 t
1 3t t t
5
3 3
' '
1 1
1 1
'
1 1 1
1 1 1

1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
= =
! ! ! =
=
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1 =

1 1 1 = =
= 1+
1 1
1 1
1+ 1+

x
3
x
1 1 1
3 t x log
5 5 5
t 1 x 0 3 1

= = =

= = =

.
Vy phng trnh c hai nghim l
3
1
x 0 x log
5
= = .
( )

x 3 x
2 2 9 1

i hc K Thut Cng Ngh nm 1998
Bi gii tham kho
( )
x
x
8
1 2 9 0
2

x
2
t 2 0
t 9t 8 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1

1
1+

x
t 2 0
1 t 8
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
1
1+

x
1 2 8
0 x 3 .
Vy tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l x 0; 3
l
l
l
.
( )

2
2
2x x
x 2x
1
9 2 3 1
3

( )

D b 2 i hc khi D nm 2005
Bi gii tham kho
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 38 -
( )
2 2
x 2x x 2x
1 9 2.3 3 0

( )
( )

2 2
2
x 2x x 2x
3 2.3 3 0 2

t:
2
x 2x
t 3 0
= .
( )
2
t 0
2
t 2t 3 0
'
1
1
1
!
1
1
1+

t 0
1 t 3
'
1
1
!
1
1
+

0 t 3 < .
Vi
2
x 2x
0 t 3 0 3 3
< <

2
x 2x 1
x 1 2; 1 2
l

l
l
.
Vy tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l x 1 2; 1 2
l

l
l
.
( )

x x 1
1 1
1
3 1 1 3

Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
x x
x 1 x 1
3 1 0 3 1 x 0
x 1 1 3 0 3 1

' ' '
1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1

! ! !
1 1 1
1 1 1
+ 1 1 + +

( )
x x 1
1 1
1 0
3 1 1 3

( )( )

x 1 x
x x 1
1 3 3 1
0
3 1 1 3

( )
( )

x
x
x
x
3
2 3
3
0 2
3
3 1 1
3

1

( )

t
x
t 3 0 = .
( )
( ) ( )( )
t 0
t 0
4
2 t 3
2 t
3
0
2
0
t
t 1 1 t 1 4 t
3
'
1
1 '
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1

! !
1 1
1 1 1
1 1

1 1
1 1
1+
1 ( )
1+

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 39 -

x
3
x
3
3
3 3
0 x log
1 3 1 t
2
2 2
t 4 4 3
x log 4
1

< < < < < <

( )

<

.
( )
3 3
3
x 0; log log 4;
2
1

( )
.
( )

x 1 x
2 2 1 1
<
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 0 .
( ) ( )

x
x
2
1 2 1 2
2
<
t
x
t 2 . Do x 0 t 1 = .
( )
2
t 1
t 1
2
2
t t 2 0
t 1
t
'
1
'
1 1
1 11 1

! !
1 1 <
<
1 1
1+
1
1+

x
1 t 2 1 2 2 0 x 1 < < < .
)
x 0;1
.
( )

2 2
x 2x x x 2x x 1
3.9 49.3 6 1

Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
2
x 2x 0 x 0 x 2 .
( ) ( )

2 2
x 2x x x 2x x
1 3.9 7.3 6 2

t
2
x 2x x
t 3 0

= .
( )
2
t 0
2
3t 7t 6 0
'
1
1
1
!
1
1
1+

t 0
2
t 3
3
'
1
1
11
!
1

1
1
1+

2
x 2x x
t 3 3 3

2
x 2x x 1
2
x 2x x 1
( )

2
2
2
x 0 x 2
x 2x 0
1
1 x 0
x 1 0 x
4
4
x 2
x 1 x 2x x 1
'
' 1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1

1
1 1

! !
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1 +
1+
.
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 40 -
)
1
x ; 0 2;
4
l
l

l
l
.
( )

x x 1 x
25 5 5 5
<
i hc Dn Lp Ngoi Ng Tin Hc nm 1998
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 0 Tp xc nh:
)
D 0;
.
( )
( )
2
x x
5 6.5 5 0 <

x
2
t 5 0
t 6t 5 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
<
1
1+

x
t 5 0
1 t 5
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
< <
1
1+

1 t 5 < <

x
1 5 5 < <
0 x 1 < <
0 x 1 < < .
( )
x 0;1 .
( )

1 x x 1 x
8 2 4 2 5 1

Cao ng Giao Thng nm 2004
Bi gii tham kho
( ) ( )
2
x x x
1 8 2.2 2 5 2.2

x
2
t 2 0
8 2t t 5 2.t
'
1
=
1
1
!
1

1
1+

( )

2 2
2
t 0 t 0
5 2t 0 5 2t 0
8 2t t 0
8 2t t 5 2t
'
1
'
1
1

1
1
1
1
1 1
<
! !
1 1
1 1
1 1

1 1
+
1+

t 0 t 0
5 5
t t
2 2
2 t 4 17
1 t
5
'
1
1 '
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1

! !
1 1
1 1
1 1

1 1
1 1 < <
1+
1
1+

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 41 -

5 5
t 4 1 t
2 2
< <
1 t 4 <

x
1 2 4 <

0 x 2
2 2 2 <
0 x 2 <
(
x 0; 2
l
l
l
.
( ) ( )
( )
( )

2
2
x x x
2 2 2 2 1 2 1 <
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
x
2 1 0 x 0 .
t:
( )
x 2 x x 2
t 2 1, t 0 t 2 1 2 t 1 = = = .
( ) ( ) ( )( )
2 2
2 2
t 1 2 t 1 2 1 t <
( ) ( )( )

2 2
2 2
t 1 t 3 t 1 <
( )( ) ( )( )

2 2
2
t 1 t 1 t 3 t 1 0
l
<
l
l

( ) ( ) ( )( )

2 2 2
2
t 1 t 1 t 3 t 1 0 <
( ) ( ) ( )

2 2 2
t 1 t 1 t 3 0
l
<
l
l
l

( ) ( )

2
t 1 2t 2 0 <
( )

3
2 t 1 0 < t 1 < .
Vi
x x
t 1 2 1 1 2 2 x 1 < < < < .
)
x 0;1
.
( ) ( ) ( )
( )

x x x
9 3 11 2 2 5 2 6 2 3 2 1 <
Bi gii tham kho
Nhn thy rng:
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )( )
x 3
x 3 x
x 2
x 2 x
x x x
9 3 11 2 3 2 3 2
5 2 6 3 2 3 2
3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 1
'
1
l l
1
1 l l
= =
1
l l
1
l l 1
1
1
l l
1
1
l l
= =
!
l l 1
l l 1
1
1
l
1
= = 1
l
1
l
1
1
1+
.
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 42 -
t
( ) ( )
x x
1
t 3 2 0 3 2
t
= = .
( )
( )
3 2
x
1
t 2t 2 1
t
t 3 2 0
'
1
1
<
1
1

!
1
1
=
1
1
+

( )

4 3
x
t 2t t 2 1
t 3 2 0
'
1
<
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
+

( )( )( )
( )

2
x
t 1 t 2 t t 1 0
t 3 2 0
'
1
<
1
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
1+

( )
x
2 t 1
t 3 2 0
'
1 < <
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
+

0 t 1 < <
( )

x
2 3 1 <
x 0 < .
( )
x ; 0 .
( )

x
x
2x
2.5
5 3 5
5 4

Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
2x
5 5
5 4 0 2x log 4 x log 2 .
t
x
u 5 0 = .
( )
2
2u
u 3 5
u 4

2 2
2
2
2
4u 4u
u 45
u 4
u 4

2 2
2
2
u u
4. 45
u 4
u 4

2
2
2
u
t 0
u 4
t 4t 45 0
'
1
1
=
1
1
!

1
1

1
1+

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 43 -

2
2
u
t 0
u 4
t 5
'
1
1
=
1
1
!

1
1

1
1+

2
2
u
5
u 4

2 2
u 5 u 4

4 2
u 25u 100 0

2 2
u 20 u 5 <
u 20 u 5 <

x x
5 20 5 5 <

5
1
x log 20 x
2
< .
So vi iu kin, tp nghim bt phng trnh l
( )
5 5
1
x log 2; log 20;
2
1

( )
.
( )
( )
( )
( )
f x
2.f x 2.f x
.a . a.b .b 0 = .
PP
Chia hai v cho
( ) 2.f x
b , ri t n ph
( ) f x
a
t 0
b
\
I 1
= I 1
I 1
I 1
( )
(chia c s ln hoc nh nht).
( )

x x x
8 18 2.27 =
Cao ng S Phm Qung Ngi nm 2006
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
2x 3x
3 3
1 2.
2 2
1 1

=

( ) ( )

x x
x
3 2 3 2
3 3
t 0 t 0 3
t 1 x 0
2 2
2
2t t 1 0 2t t 1 0
' '
1 1
1 1
1 1

1 1 1
= =
1 1

= = = ! !
( ) ( )
1 1
( )
1 1
1 1 = =
1 1
+ +
.
( )

x x x
6.4 13.6 6.9 0 =
i hc Dn Lp Bnh Dng nm 2001
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 44 -
( )
x 2x
3 3
6 13. 6. 0
2 2
1 1

=

( ) ( )

x
x
x
2
3 2
3
t 0 2 3
x 1
2
3 3
6.t 13t 6 0
2 2
1
' 1
1 = 1
1 = ( )
1

= ! ( )
1
1
1

1 = =
1
+

( )
.
Vy phng trnh c hai nghim: x 1 x 1 = = .
( )

x x x
25 15 2.9 =
i hc Dn Lp Hi Phng khi A nm 2000
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
2x x
5 5
2 0
3 3
1 1

=

( ) ( )

2
x
x
x
t 1
t t 2 0
t 2
5
1 x 0
5
3
t 0
5
3 t 0
3
'
1
=
1
'
1 1 =
1 1
1 = 1 1
1 1
= = 1 ! !

1 1
1 ( ) =
1 1

1 1 = ( )
1 1
+
1
( )
1
+
.
( )

1 1 1
x x x
2.4 6 9 =
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 0 .
( )
1 1
x x
4 6
2. 1 0
9 9
1 1

=

( ) ( )

2
1
x
x
2 2
2. 1 0
3 3
l
l 1 1

l
=

l

( ) ( )
l
l

( )

x
x
x
x 2
2 3
2
t 1 L
2
t 0 2 1 1 3
x log
3
3 2 2
2 1
2t t 1 0
t
3 2
1
' 1
1 = = 1
1 1 = ( )
1
= = ! ( )
1
1 ( )
1

1 = = =
1
+

( )
.
So vi iu kin, nghim ca phng trnh l
2
3
1
x log
2
= .
( )

x x 2x 1
9 6 2

=
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 45 -
Cao ng Bn Cng Hoa Sen khi D nm 2006
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
x x x
9 6 2.4 0 =
( )

x
2x x x
3
t 0
2 3 3 3
2 0 1 x 0
t 1 2 2 2
t 2 L
'
1
1
1

1
=
1

1 1 1 1
( )
1
= = = !

1 =
( ) ( ) ( )
1
1
1
= 1
1 +
.
( )

x x x x
3.8 4.12 18 2.27 0 =
i hc khi A nm 2006
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
x 2x 3x
3 3 3
3 4. 2. 0
2 2 2
1 1 1

=

( ) ( ) ( )

( )

x
x
x
3 3
3 3
t
3
t 0 2 2
x 1
2
3
2t t 4t 3 0
t 1 L
2
1
'
1
1 = = 1
1
= ( ) 1
1
= !
( )
1
1
1

1 =
= =
1

1+

( )
.
Vy phng trnh c nghim duy nht l x 1 = .
( )

2 2
2x x x 2x
4 2.4 4 0
=
Cao ng Kinh T K Thut Cng Nghip II nm 2006
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
2 2
2x 2x x x
4 2.4 1 0

= (chia hai v cho
2x
4 0 )
( )

2 2
2
x x x x
4 2.4 1 0

=

2
2
x x
x x 2
2
x 0 t 4 0
t 4 1 x x 0
x 1
t 2t 1 0
'
1
= =
1
1
= = =
!

1 =
=
1

1+
.
( )

3 3
x 5 1 x 5 x x
4 2.2 2.4

=
D b Cao ng S Phm H Nam khi A nm 2006
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 46 -
( )
3 3
x 5 1 x 5 x
x 2x
4 2.2
2 0
4 2

=

3 3
x 5 x x 5 x
4.4 2.2 2 0

=
( )

3
3 2 x 5 x
x 5 x
4.2 2.2 2 0

=
( )

3 3
3
x 5 x x 5 x 1
2
x 5 x
1
2 t 0 2 t 2
2
4t 2t 2 0
2 t 1 L

'
1

= = = =
1
1

!
1
=
1
= =
1+

3
x 5 x 1 =

3
x 5 x 1 =

3 2
x 5 x 3x 3x 1 = .

3 2
x 3x 2x 6 0 x 3 = = .
( )

2 2
2x 1 x x 2x 2
2 9.2 2 0

=
i hc Thy Li c s II H cha phn ban nm 2000
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
2 2
2x x x 2x
2.2 9.2 4.2 0
=

2 2
2x 2x x x
2.2 9.2 4 0

=
( )

2
2 2 x x
x x
2.2 9.2 4 0
=

2
2
2
x x
x x
2
x x
2 4
t 2 0
1
2t 9t 4 0
2
2
= '
1

=
1
1

!
1
=
=
1

1+

2
2
x x 2 x 1
x 2 x x 1

= =

= =

.
Vy phng trnh c hai nghim l: x 1 x 2 = = .
( )

2
2 2 2
log 2x log 6 log 4x
4 x 2.3 =
i hc Quc Gia Tp. H Ch Minh khi A nm 2001
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
x 0
x 0
x 0
'
1
1

!
1
1
+
Tp xc nh:
( )
D 0; = .
( )
2 2 2
1 log x log x 2log 2x
4 6 2.3 0
=

2 2 2
log x log x 1 log x
4.4 6 2.9 0
=
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 47 -

2 2 2
log x log x log x
4.4 6 18.9 0 =

2 2
2
log x log x
3 3
4 18. 0
2 2
l
1 1
l

=
l

( ) ( ) l
l

2
2
log x
18t t 4 0
3
t 0
2
'
1
=
1
1
1
1 !
1
= 1

1
( )
1
+

( )
( )

2
2
log x
log x
3 4
t N
2 9
3 1
t L
2 2

= =

( )

1

= =

( )

2
log x 2 =

1
x
4
= .
Kt hp vi iu kin, nghim ca phng trnh l
1
x
4
= .
( )

2x 4 x 2x 2
3 45.6 9.2 0

Cao ng Cng ng H Ty nm 2005
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh D = .
( )
x x x
81.9 45.6 36.4 0

2x x
3 3
81. 45. 36 0
2 2
1 1

( ) ( )

x
2
3
t 0
2
81t 45t 36 0
'
1
1
1

1
=
1

!
( )
1
1
1
1
+

t 0
4
1 t
9
'
1
1
11
!
1

1
1
1+

4
0 t
9
<

x
3 4
0
2 9
1

< <

( )

3
2
4
x log 2
9
= .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 48 -
(
x ; 2
l

l
l
.
( )

x x x
9 10.6 6.4 0
i hc Dn Lp Vn Lang nm 1998
Bi gii tham kho
( )
2
x x
3 3
10. 6 0
2 2
l
1 1
l

l

( ) ( ) l
l

x
2
3
t 0
2
t 10t 6 0
'
1
1
1

1
=
1

!
( )
1
1
1
1
+

t 0
t 5 19 t 5 19
'
1
1
1
!
1
<
1
1+

x x
3 3
5 19 5 19
2 2
1 1

<

( ) ( )

( ) ( )

3 3
2 2
x log 5 19 x log 5 19 < .
Vy tp nghim cn tm l
( ) ( )
3 3
2 2
x ; log 5 19 log 5 19 ;
1 1

( ) ( )
.
( )

1 1 1
x x x
9.25 16.15 25.9 1
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 0 .
( ) ( )

2 1
x x
5 5
1 9. 16. 25 0 2
3 3
1 1

( ) ( )

t
1
x
5
t 0
3
1

=

( )
.
( )
2
t 0
2
9t 16t 25 0
'
1
1
1
!
1
1
1+

t 0
25
t 1
t
9
25
t
9
'
1
1
1
1
1

!
1
1
1

1
1
+

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 49 -

1
2
x
5 25 5
3 9 3
1 1

=

( ) ( )

1
2
x

1 1 2x 1
2 0 0 0 x
x x 2
< .
Kt hp vi iu kin, tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l:
1
x 0;
2
l
(
l
.
( )

x x x
2 4.5 4 10 1 <
Bi gii tham kho
( )
x x x
1 2 10 4.5 4 0 <
( ) ( )

x x x
2 1 5 4 1 5 0 <
( )( )

x x
1 5 2 4 0 <
( ) ( )

x x
x x
x x
x x
1 5 0 5 1
2 4 0 2 4 x 2
x ; 0 2;
x 0
1 5 0 5 1
2 4 0 2 4
' '
1 1
<
1 1
1 1
! !

1 1

1 1
1 1 + +

' '
< 1 1
<
1 1
1 1

! !

1 1
< <
1 1

1 1 + +
.
( ) ( )
x ; 0 2; .
( )

x x x 1 x
8.3 9 9

thi th i hc nm 2013 THPT H Huy Tp H Tnh
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 0 .
( )
x x 2 x 2x
8.3 9.3 3

( )

2 x x
x x
8.3 9.3 1

( )

2 x x
x x
9.3 8.3 1 0

x x
2
t 3 0
9t 8t 1 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1

1
1+

x x
t 3 0
1
t 1 t
9
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1

1
1
1+

x x 2
1
t 3 3
9

= =
x x 2
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 50 -
x x 2

2
x 2 0 x 2 0
x 0 x x 4x 4
' '
1 1
1 1 1

! !
1 1
1 1
+ 1+

x 2
0 x 2
1 x 4
'
1
1

!
1
1
+

0 x 2 2 x 4 .
0 x 4 .
Kt hp vi iu kin, tp nghim bt phng trnh l x 0; 4
l
l
l
.
( )

4
4
1
x
x x x
2
2.3 9 9 1

Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 0 .
( )
4 4
x x x x
1 2.3 3.9 9
(chia hai v cho

x
9 )

4 4
x x x
2 x x
3 9
2. 3. 1
3 9

( )

4 4
x x x x
2.3 3.9 1 2

t
4
x x
t 3 0
= .
( )
4
x x
2
t 3 0
2
3t 2t 1 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1

1
1+

4
x x 1
1
t 3 3
3

4
x x 1

4
x x 1 0

4
1 5
x
2

7 3 5
0 x
2
.
7 3 5
x 0;
2
l
l
l
l
.
( )

2x x x 4 x 4
3 8.3 9.9 0 1

i hc S Phm H Ni khi B, D nm 2000
Bi gii tham kho
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 51 -
iu kin: x 4 .
( )
2x x x 4 x 4
1 3 8.3 9.9 0

2x x x 4
2 x 4 2 x 4
3 3
8. 9 0
3 3

(Chia hai v cho
x 4
9

)
( )
( )

2 x x 4
x x 4
3 8.3 9 0 2

t
x x 4
t 3 0

= .
( )
x x 4
2
t 3 0
2
t 8t 9 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1

1
1+

t 9

x x 4 2
3 3

x x 4 2
x 4 x 2 <
( )

2
2
x 2 0
x 2
x 0
x 3x 0
x 2 x 4
'
' 1 1
1
1
1 1

! !
1 1

1 1
1+
1+
.
( )
x 0; .
( ) ( )

x x
2
log 7.10 5.25 2x 1
i hc Thy Sn nm 1999
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
x
x x x x
10
25
10 5 5
7.10 5.25 0 7.10 5.25 x log
25 7 7
1

<

( )
.
( )
x x 2x 1
7.10 5.25 2

x x x
7.10 5.25 2.4 0 (Chia hai v cho
x
4 )

2
x x
5 5
7. 5. 2 0
2 2
l
1 1
l

l

( ) ( ) l
l

x
2
5
t 0
2
5t 7t 2 0
'
1
1
1

1
=
1

!
( )
1
1
1
1
+

x
5
t 0
2
2
t 1
5
'
1
1
1

1
=
1

1
( )
!
1
1
1
< <
1
1
+

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 52 -

x
2 5
1
5 2
1

< <

( )

1 x 0 < < .
( )
x 1; 0 .
( )

2 2
x x x 2x 3 1 x 2x 3
4 3.2 4 0 1

Cao ng khi A, B, D nm 2011
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
2
x 2x 3 0 x 1 x 3 .
( )
2 2
2x x x 2x 3 2 x 2x 3
2 3.2 .2 4.2 0

2 2
x 2x 3 x 2 x 2x 3 x
1 3.2 4.2 0

(chia hai v cho
2x
2 )

2
x 2x 3 x
2
t 2 0
4t 3t 1 0
'
1
= 1
1
!
1
<
1
1+

2
x 2x 3 x
t 2 0
1
1 t
4

'
1
= 1
1
1
!
1
< < 1
1
1+

2
x 2x 3 x
1
0 2
4

< <

2
x 2x 3 x 2 <

2
x 2x 3 x 2 <

2
2 2
x 2 0
7
x 2x 3 0 3 x
2
x 2x 3 x 4x 4
'
1

1
1
1
<
!
1
1
1 <
1
+
.
Kt hp vi iu kin, tp nghim ca phng trnh l:
7
x 3;
2
l
l
l
l
.
( ) ( ) f x f x
a b c = vi a.b 1 =
PP
t
( ) ( ) f x f x 1
t a b
t
= = .
( ) ( )
( )

x x
2 1 2 1 2 2 0 =
i hc khi B nm 2007
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 53 -
Ta c:
( )( ) ( ) ( )
x x
x
2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 = = = .
t
( ) ( )
x x
1
t 2 1 0 2 1
t
= = .
( )
2
1
t 2 2 0 t 2 2 1 0
t
= =
( )
( )

x
x
2 1 2 1
t 2 1 x 1
x 1
t 2 1
2 1 2 1
=
= =

=
=

=
.
( ) ( )
( )

x x
2 3 2 3 4 1 =
i hc Tng Hp Tp. HCM khi D nm 1994 i hc Quc Gia Tp. HCM nm 1996
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh D = .
Ta c :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
x x
x
2 3 . 2 3 1 2 3 . 2 3 1 1 = = = .
t
( ) ( )
( )
x x
x
1 1
t 2 3 0 2 3 0
t
2 3
= = =
.
( )
( )
( )

2
t 2 3 0 N
1
1 t 4 t 4t 1 0
t
t 2 3 0 N
= =

=

Vi
( )
x
t 2 3 2 3 2 3 x 1 = = = .
Vi
( )
x
t 2 3 2 3 2 3 x 1
= = = .
( )

x x
3 3
5 2 6 5 2 6 10
1 1

=

( ) ( )

Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh D = .
Ta c:
( )( )
3 3
3
5 2 6 5 2 6 5 2 6 5 2 6 1
1 1

= =

( )( )
.
x x x
3 3 3 x
x
3
1
5 2 6 . 5 2 6 1 1 5 2 6
5 2 6
1 1 1

= = =

( ) ( ) ( )
1

( )
.
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 54 -
t
x x
3 3
1
t 5 2 6 0 5 2 6
t
1 1

= =

( ) ( )
.
( )
( )
( )

2
t 5 2 6 0 N
1
t 10 0 t 10t 1 0
t
t 5 2 6 0 N
= =

=

x
3
x
3
t 5 2 6 5 2 6
x 3
x 3
t 5 2 6 5 2 6

= =

=
( )

=
1

= =

( )
.
( ) ( )
( )

x x
x 3
5 21 7 5 21 2

=
i hc Quc Gia H Ni khi D nm 1997
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh D = .
Nhn xt:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
x x
x
5 21 . 5 21 4 5 21 . 5 21 4 = = .
t:
( ) ( )
x
x x
4
t 5 21 0 5 21 0
t
= = .
( )
x
x 3
4
7.t 2
t
=

2 x x
7t 8.2 t 4 0 =
( )
( )
( )

x x
x
2
x x x x
x
4.2 3.2
t 2 0 N
7
' 16.4 7.4 9.4 3.2
2
t 0 N
7
= =
= = =
.
Vi
( )
x
x
x x
2
t 2 5 21 2 1 x 0
5 21
1

= = = =

( )
.
Vi
( )
x
x x
x
2
5 21
2 2 2
t 5 21 7 x log 7
7 7
5 21
1

( )
1

= = = =

( )
.
2
5 21
x 0 x log 7
1

( )
= = .
( ) ( )
( )

sin x sin x
8 3 7 8 3 7 16 =
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh D = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 55 -
Ta c :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
sin x sin x
sin x
8 3 7 . 8 3 7 1 8 3 7 . 8 3 7 1 1 = = = .
t
( ) ( ) ( )
sin x sin x sin x
1
t 8 3 7 0 8 3 7 8 3 7 t
t
= = = .
( )
( )
( )

2
t 8 3 7 0 N
1
t 16 t 16t 1 0
t
t 8 3 7 0 N
= =

=

Vi
( )
( )
sinx
t 8 3 7 8 3 7 8 3 7 sin x 1 x k2 , k
2
= = = = .
Vi
( )
( )
sinx
t 8 3 7 8 3 7 8 3 7 sinx 1 x ,
2
= = = = l l .
Vy phng trnh c hai tp nghim:
( )
x k2 x , k,
2 2

= = l l .
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
f x g x f x g x
f x g x
f x
f x g x
g x
a .a a
.a .a b 0
a
a
a

.
.
PP
t
( )
( )
f x
g x
u a
v a
'
1
= 1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
a v phng trnh tch s hoc phng trnh thun nht hoc h.
( )

2 2
x x x x 2x
2 4.2 2 4 0

=
i hc khi D nm 2006
Bi gii tham kho
Cch gii 1. t hai n ph a v phng trnh tch s
t
2
2
2
x x
x x
x x
2x 2x
u 2 0
u 2
2
v v 2 0 2
'
1
=
1
1
= =
!
1
=
1
1+
.
( )
u
u 4. v 4 0
v
=

2
uv v 4u 4v 0 =
( ) ( )
v u v 4 u v 0 =
( )( )
u v v 4 0 =

2
2 x x 2x
2x
u v x 0 x x 2x 2 2
v 4 x 1 2x 2 2 4

= = = =

= = = =

.
Cch gii 2. a v phng trnh tch s
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 56 -
( )
2
2
x
x x x x
x
2
2 .2 2 .2 4. 4 0
2
=
( )

2
2
x x
x x x
x
2 2
2 2 2 4 0
2
1

( )

( )

2
x x x
x
4
2 2 2 0
2
1

=

( )

2
x x
2
x
x
x
2 2
x x x 0
4
x 1 4 4
2
2
= =

= =
=

.
( )

x x x
25.2 10 5 25 =
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh D = .
( )
x x x x
25.2 25 2 .5 5 0 =
( ) ( )

x x x
25 2 1 5 2 1 0 =
( )( )

x x
2 1 25 5 0 =

x x
x x
2 1 0 2 1 x 0
x 2 25 5 0 5 25

= = =

= = =

.
( )

x x x 1
12.3 3.15 5 20
=
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh D = .
( ) ( ) ( )
x x x
3.3 4 5 5 5 4 0 =
( )( )

x x
5 4 3.3 5 0 =

x x
x
5 4 0 : V nghim do 5 4 0, x
3.3 5 0

x
3
5 5
3 x log
3 3
= = .
Vy phng trnh c mt nghim:
3
5
x log
3
= .
( )

x x x 1
12.3 3.15 5 20
=
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh D = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 57 -
O OO O Cch 1. Nghim ca phng trnh bc hai (theo x)
( ) ( )
2 x x
2x 3 1 4.3 .x 6.3 1 0 =
( ) ( ) ( )
2
x x x x x x
9 1 8.3 16.9 8 6.3 1 144.9 24.3 1 12.3 1 = = =
( )

x x
x x
x x
3 12.3 12.3 1 1
x 1 x
4 2
1 x 3 12.3 12.3 1
3 1 x 1 6.3
6 6 4

= = =

= = =

Ta c: x 1 = l mt nghim ca phng trnh
( )
1
Hm s
( )
x
f x 3 = ng bin x .
Hm s
1 x
y
6 6
= nghch bin x .
x 1 =

l nghim duy nht ca phng trnh
( )
1
1
x 1 x
2
= = .
O OO O Cch 2. a v phng trnh tch loi phn tch thnh nhn t
( ) ( )
2 x
2x 3x 1 6.3 . 2x 1 0 =
( ) ( )

x
1
2 x 1 x 6.3 . 2x 1 0
2
1

=

( )

( )( )
( )

x
x
1
x
2
2x 1 x 1 6.3 0
1 x
3 1
6 6

Ta c: x 1 = l mt nghim ca phng trnh
( )
1
Hm s
( )
x
f x 3 = ng bin x .
Hm s
1 x
y
6 6
= nghch bin x .
x 1 =

l nghim duy nht ca phng trnh
( )
1
1
x 1 x
2
= = .
Th d 93. Gii phng trnh :
( )

2 x 1 x 2 x
4x x.3 3 2x .3 2x 6
=
Hc Vin Chnh Tr Quc Gia Tp. H Ch Minh H cha phn ban nm 2000
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 x x x
4x 2x .3 x.3 2x 3.3 6 0 =
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 58 -
( ) ( ) ( )

2 x x x
2x 2 3 x 2 3 3 2 3 0 =
( )( )

x 2
2 3 2x x 3 0 =

x
2 3
2 3 0
3
x log 2 x 1 x
2x x 3 0 2
= = =
.
Vy phng trnh c ba nghim l
3
3
x 1 x log 2 x
2
= = = .
( ) ( )

2 x 1 x x 1 x 1 x
x .5 3 3.5 x 2.5 3 0

=
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh D = .
O OO O Cch 1. Nghim ca phng trnh bc hai (theo x)
( ) ( )
x 2 x x x x
5 .x 5.3 3.5 .x 2.5 5.3 0 =
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
x x x x x x x
5.3 3.5 4.5 . 2.5 5.3 5.3 5 = =
( )

x
x 1
x 1
3
3 x 2
x 2 5.
1
5
5 5
=
=
1
1

= =

( ) ( )

Phng trnh
( )
1 c mt nghim l x 1 = .
Hm s
( )
x
3
f x
5
1

=

( )
nghch bin x .
Hm s
( )
1 2
g x x
5 5
= ng bin x .

x 1 = l nghim duy nht ca phng trnh
( )
1
O OO O Cch 2. a v phng trnh tch loi phn tch thnh nhn t
( ) ( ) ( )
2 x x
x 3x 2 .5 5 x 1 .3 0 =
( ) ( )
( )

x x x
x 1
x 1 x 2 .5 5.3 0
3 x 2
1
5 5
l
= 1

l
l
=

( )

Phng trnh
( )
1 c mt nghim l x 1 = .
Hm s
( )
x
3
f x
5
1

=

( )
nghch bin x .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 59 -
Hm s
( )
1 2
g x x
5 5
= ng bin x .

( )
1
( )

2
cos x
5 sin x =
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh D = .
Ta c:
2
2 2
cos x
2 cos x 0 cos x
5 1
cos x 0 5 5 5 sin x
sin x 1
'
1

1
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
1
1
1+
.
( )

2
2 cos x
cos x 0 5 1
x k , k
sin x 1 sin x 1 2
' '
1 1
= =
1 1
1 1
=
! !
1 1 = =
1 1
1+ 1+
.
Vy phng trnh c mt tp nghim:
( )
x k , k
2
= .
( )

1999 1999
sin x cos x 1 =
i hc Y Tp. H Ch Minh nm 1999
Bi gii tham kho
( )
1999 1999
1 sin x cos x 0 =

2 2 2 1997 2 1997
sin x cos x sin x sin x cos x cos x 0 =
( ) ( ) ( )

2 1997 2 1997
sin x 1 sin x cos x 1 cos x 0 1 =
Ta c:
( )
( )
( )

2 1997
2 1997
sin x 1 sin x 0
2
cos x 1 cos x 0
'
1

1
1
!
1

1
1+

T
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 1997
2 1997
sin x 1 sin x 0
1 , 2
cos x 1 cos x 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

x k2
sin x 0 cos x 0
cos x 1 sin x 1
x k2
2
=
' '
1 1 = =
1 1

! !

1 1 = =
=
1 1
+ +
.
Vy phng trnh c hai tp nghim: x k2 x k2
2
= = .
( )

2 2
sin x cos x
4 4 6 cos 2x 1 =
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh D = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 60 -
Xt hm s:
( )
f x 6 cos 2x = .
Ta c:
( )
1 cos 2x 1 5 6 cos 2x 7 2
Xt hm s:
( )
2 2 2
2
sin x cos x sin x
sin x
4
g x 4 4 4
4
= =
t
( )

2 2
sin x 2 0 sin x 1
t 4 , 0 sin x 1 4 4 4 Hay t 1; 4
l
=
l
l
.
Khi ,
( )
g x c vit li l
( )

4
g t t , t 1; 4
t
l
=
l
l
.
( ) ( )

2
2 2
t 2 1; 4
4 t 4
g' t 1 . Cho g ' t 0
t 2 1; 4 t t
l
=
l
l
= = =

l
=
l
l
.
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1;4
1;4
max g t max g x 5
g 1 5
g 2 4
min g t min g x 4
g 4 5
l
l
l
l
l
l
'
' 1
1 = =
=
1
1
1
1
1
11 1
=
! !
1 1
= =
1 1
1 1 =
1 1
1+ 1+
.
Hay
( )

2 2
sin x cos x
4 4 4 5 3
T
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
sin x cos x
sin x cos x
4 4 6 cos 2x
1 , 2 , 3 6 cos 2x 5
4 4 5
'
1
= 1
1
1
1

!
1
1
1

1
1+

2 2
sin x cos x
6 cos 2x 5
4 4 5
'
1 =
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
( )

2 2
2 2
cos 2x 1
sin x 0 cos x 0 x k , k
2
cos x 1 sin x 1
'
1 =
1
1

1
1' '
1 1
= = =
!
1 1
1 1
1
! !
1
1 1
= = 1
1 1
1
1 1 + + 1+
.
Vy phng trnh cho c mt tp nghim:
( )
x k , k
2
= .
( )

x x
x x
4 2 2
0
4 2 2

Cao ng Kinh T i Ngoi khi A, D nm 2006
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh D = .
( )
( )( )
( )( )
x x
x
x
x
x x x
2 2 2 1
2 1 x 0
2 1
0 0
x 1
2 2
2 2 2 1 2 2

< <
.
( ) ( )
x ; 0 1; .
( )

2 2 2
2 x 1 x 2 x
4x x.2 3.2 x .2 8x 12

Cao ng Kinh T K Thut Hi Dng nm 2002
Bi gii tham kho
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 61 -
Tp xc nh D = .
( )
2 2 2
2 x x 2 x
4x 2x.2 3.2 x .2 8x 12 0
( ) ( ) ( )

2 2 2
x x 2 2 x
2x.2 8x 3.2 12 4x x .2 0
( ) ( ) ( )

2 2 2
x x 2 x
2x 2 4 3 2 4 x 2 4 0
( )( ) ( )
( )( ) ( )

2 2
x 2 x 2
2 4 2x 3 x 0 f x 2 4 x 2x 3 0 1 = <
Cho

2
2 x
2
x 2 2 4 0 x 2
x 1 x 3 x 1 x 3 x 2x 3 0
' ' ' 1 1 1
= = =
1 1 1
1 1 1

! ! !
1 1 1 = = = = =
1 1 1
1+ 1 1 + +
.
Bng xt du
x
2 1 2 3
2
x
2 4
0 0
2
x 2x 3
0 0
( )
f x 0 0 0 0
Da vo bng xt, tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l:
( ) ( )
x 2; 1 2; 3 .
( ) ( )

2
x 4 2 x 2
3 x 4 .3 1 0

Cao ng S Phm H Nam khi A nm 2006
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( ) ( ) ( )

2
x 4 2 x 2
3 x 4 .3 1 1

Nu
( )
( )

2
2
x 4
x 4 2 x 2
2 x 2
3 1
x 2 3 x 4 .3 1
x 4 .3 0
'
1

1
1

!
1

1
1+

Do
( )
1 lun ng vi x 2 hay
( )
x ; 2 2;
l

l
l
l tp nghim ca bt
phng trnh.
Nu
( )
( )

2
2
x 4
x 4 2 x 2
2 x 2
3 1
x 2 3 x 4 .3 1
x 4 .3 0
'
1
<
1
1
< <
!
1
<
1
1+

Do
( )
1 khng c tp nghim (v nghim) khi x 2 < .
( )
x ; 2 2;
l

l
l
.
( )

2 2 2
x 3x 2 x 6x 5 2x 3x 7
4 4 4 1

=
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 62 -
( ) ( )

2 2 2 2
x 3x 2 2x 6x 5 x 3x 2 2x 6x 5
4 4 4 .4 1 1

=
t
2
2
x 3x 2
2x 6x 5
u 4 0
v 4 0

'
1
1 =
1
!
1
= 1
1
+
.
( )
1 u v uv 1 =
( )( )
u 1 1 v 0 =
u 1 v 1 = =

2 2
x 3x 2 2x 6x 5
4 1 4 1

= =

2 2
x 3x 2 0 2x 6x 5 0 = =
x 1 x 2 x 1 x 5 = = = = .
Vy phng trnh cho c bn nghim: x 1 x 2 x 5 = = = .
( )
( )

2
2 2
x 1
x x 1 x
4 2 2 1

=
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
2 2 2
2x 2x 1 x x 2x 1
2 2 2 1

=
( )

2 2 2
2x 2x 1 x x 2x 1
2 2 2 1 0 1

=
t
2
2
2
2x 2x
x 2x 1
1 x
u 2 0
u.v 2
v 2 0
'
1
=
1
1
=
!
1
=
1
1+
.
( )
1 u v uv 1 0 =
( ) ( )
u 1 v u 1 0 =
( )( )
u 1 1 v 0 =

2
2
2x 2x 2
2
1 x
u 2 1 2x 2x 0 x 0
x 1 1 x 0
v 2 1

= = = =

= =
= =

.
Vy phng trnh c ba nghim: x 0 x 1 x 1 = = = .
( ) ( )
( )

2 2
log x log x
2
2 2 x. 2 2 1 x =
i hc Quc Gia H Ni Hc Vin Ngn Hng nm 2000
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 1 .
t:
t 2 t
2
log x t x 2 x 4 = = = .
( )
( ) ( )
t t
t t
2 2 2 2 2 1 4 =
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 63 -
( ) ( ) ( )( )

t t t
2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2
l l
=
l l
l l

t t t t
a b 1 a b = vi
( )
a 2 2
b 2 2 2
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
+

( ) ( )

t t t t
a 1 b a b 0 =
( ) ( )

t t t
a 1 b a 1 0 =
( )( )

t t
a 1 1 b 0 =

t
2
t
a 1
t 0 log x 0 x 1
b 1
= = =
.
( )

x x x
8.3 3.2 24 6 =
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( ) ( ) ( )
x x x x
8.3 24 3.2 2 .3 0 =
( ) ( )

x x x
8 3 3 2 3 3 0 =
( )( )

x x
3 3 8 2 0 =

x
x
3 3 0 x 1
x 3 8 2 0

= =

= =

.
Vy nghim phng trnh l x 1 x 3 = = .
( )

2x x
2 2 6 6 =
Bi gii tham kho
t
x
2
u 2 0
v u 6
v u 6 6
'
1
=
1
1
=
!
1
=
1
1+
.
( )
2
2
u v 6
v u 6
'
1
=
1
1

!
1
=
1
1+

( )

2 2
u v u v =
( )( )
u v u v 1 0 =
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 64 -

u v 0
u v 1 0
.
Vi
2 x
u 3
u v u u 6 0 2 3 x 8
u 2
= = = =
.
Vi
2
u v 1 0 u u 5 0 = =

x
2
1 21
u
21 1 21 1
2
2 x log
2 2
1 21
u
2

= =
.
2
21 1
x 8 x log
2
= = .
( )

x
x 1 x x 1 1 x
8 2 18
2 1 2 2 2 2 2

=

Bi gii tham kho
( ) ( )

x 1 1 x x 1 1 x
8 1 18
1
2 1 2 1 2 2 2

=

t
( ) ( )
x 1
x 1 1 x x 1 1 x
1 x
u 2 1
u.v 2 1 . 2 1 2 2 2 u v
v 2 1
'
1
=
1
1
= = =
!
1
=
1
1+
.
( )
8 1 18 u v 2
u 8v 18
1
u v u v
9
u v uv
u 9 v
u v uv
8
'
1
= =
'
1 1 =
=
1 1 1

! !
1 1 =
= =
1 1
=
+
1
1+

Vi
x 1
1 x
2 1 2
u v 2 x 1
2 1 2
'
1
=
1
1
= = =
!
1
=
1
1+
.
Vi
x 1
1 x
2 1 9
9
u 9 v x 4
9
8
2 1
8
'
1
=
1
1
1
= = =
!
1
=
1
1
1+
.
( )

x x 2 x 2x
6 2 4.3 2

Bi gii tham kho
t
x
x
u 3 0
v 2 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
( )
2
uv 4v 4u v 0
( )( )
u v v 4 0
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 65 -

u v 0 u v 0
v 4 0 v 4 0
' '
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1
1 1
+ +

x x x x
x x
3 2 3 2
2 4 2 4
' '
1 1

1 1
1 1

! !
1 1

1 1
1 1 + +

x 0 x 0
x 2 x 2
' '
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1
1 1
+ +

x 2 x 0
( )
x ; 0 2;
l

l
l
.
( )

x 2x 1
2 2x 1 2 4x 2
<
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
1
2x 1 0 x
2
.
( ) ( ) ( )

x 2x
2 2x 1 2.2 2 2x 1 1 <
t
x
u 2 0
v 2x 1 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
( )
2 2
1 u v 2u 2v <
( ) ( )

2
2 2
u v 2u 2v <
( )

2
u v 0
u v

x
2 2x 1

2x
2 2x 1
2x 0 2x 1

1
x 0 x
2

( )

1
x ; \ 0;
2
' '
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1
1 1 + +
.
1 1
x ; \ 0;
2 2
1 ' '
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1
)
1 1 + +
.
( )

5
2x log 2
x x x 1
5 1 5 3 5 2.5 16

Bi gii tham kho
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 66 -
( )
x x 2x x 1
5 1 5 3 2.5 10.5 16

( ) ( ) ( )

2
x x x x
5 1 5 3 2 5 3 2 5 1 1
iu kin:
x
5 1 0 x 0 .
t
x
x
u 5 1 0
v 5 3
'
1
1 =
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
( )
2 2
1 u v 2u 2v

2 2
2u 2v u v
( )

2
2 2
u v 0
u v 2u 2v
'
1
1
1
!
1

1
1+

( )

2
u v 0
u v 0
'
1
1
1
!
1

1
1+

u v =

x x
5 1 5 3 =

x
x x
5 3 0
5 1 5 3
'
1

1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

x
2x x
5 3
5 7.5 10 0
'
1

1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

x 1 = .
Vy bt phng trnh c nghim x 1 = .

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 67 -
BI TP TNG T
1/
x x
25 30.5 125 0 = . S: x 1 x 2 = = .
2/
x
x
2
3 8.3 15 0 = . S:
3
x 2 x log 25 = = .
3/
2 2
x 2 x 2
4 9.2 8 0

= . S: x 1 = .
4/
4x 8 2x 5
3 4.3 27 0

= . S:
3
x x 1
2
= = .
5/
x x
x
8 2
5
4 2
. S:
2
3 39
x 1 x log
2
= = .
6/
( ) ( )
x x
7 4 3 3 2 3 2 0 = . S: x 0 = .
7/
( ) ( )
x x
3 2 2 2 2 1 3 = . S:
2 1
x log 2
= .
8/
2 2
2x 2x 1 x x
3 28.3 9 0

= . S: x 1 x 2 = = .
9/
2 2
x 1 x 3
9 36.3 3 0

= . S: x 1 x 2 = = .
10/
2 2
sin x cos x
2 4.2 6 = . S:
( )
x k , k
2
= .
11/
2
2
1
cot x
sin x
4 2 3 0 = . S:
( )
x k , k
2
= .
12/
2 2
sin x cos x
81 81 30 = . S: S = .
13/
3 2 cos x 1 cos x
4 7.4 2 0

= . S:
( )
2
x k2 , k
3
= .
14/
2 2
sin x cos x
25 25 26 = . S:
( )
x k
, k
x k
2
.
15/
2 2
sin x cos x
4 2 5 = . S:
( )
x k , k
2
= .
16/
2 2
sin x cos x
81 81 82 = . S:
( )
x k
, k
x k
2
.
17/
2 2
cos x sin x
9 9 10 = . S:
( )
x k
, k
x k
2
.
18/
2 2
sin x 1 cos x
4 4 10
= . S:
( )
k
x , k
4 2

= .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 68 -
19/
6x 3x
e 3.e 2 0 = . S:
1
x ln2 x 0
3
= = .
20/
x 2 x 2
4 16 10.2

= . S: x 3 x 11 = = .
21/
2 2
x x 2 x 1 x 2
4 5.2 6

= . S: x 2 = .
22/
2 2
x 2x x x 2x x 1
9 7.3 2

= . S:
1
x
4
= .
23/
2 2
x x 2 x 1 x 2
4 5.2 6 0

= . S:
3
x
2
= .
24/
2 2
x x 5 x 1 x 5
4 12.2 8 0

= . S:
9
x 3 x
4
= = .
25/
( ) ( )
x x 10
5 10
3 3 84 0
= . S: x 20 = .
26/
x 2
5 x
1
2 9
4
1

=

( )
. S:
2
4
x log
9
= .
27/
x 3
5 2x
1
6 12
6
1

=

( )
. S:
12
x 3 log 6 = .
28/
( )
2x
x
x
3
2. 0, 3 3
100
= . S:
10
3
x log 3 = .
29/
x 4
3 x
3
4 7
2
= . S:
2
x log 112 = .
30/
2 3x 3
x x
8 2 12 0
= . S:
6
x 3 x log 8 = = .
1/
x 2 x
3 3 10 0

= . S: x 2 x 0 = = .
2/
x 2 2 x
2 2 15 0

= . S: x 2 = .
3/
2x 2x
e 4e 3
= . S: x ln2 = .
4/
x 1 x
3 3 4 0
= . S:
( )
2
3
x log 7 2 = .
5/
x 1 x
5 5 4 0
= . S: x 0 x 1 = = .
6/
2 2
x x 2 x x
2 2 3

= . S: x 1 x 2 = = .
7/
2 2
1 x 1 x
10 10 99

= . S: x 1 = .
8/
2 2
1 x 1 x
5 5 24

= . S: x 1 = .
9/
3 x 1
5 3x
5.2 3.2 7 0

= . S: x 1 = .
10/
x 1
x 1
x 1 2
3.2 8.2 4 0
= . S: x 9 = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 69 -
11/
x 1 x 4 x 2
4 2 2 16

= . S: x 0 = .
12/
x x x
8 2.4 2 2 0 = . S: x 0 x 1 = = .
13/
x x x 1
8 3.4 3.2 8 0
= . S: x 0 x 2 = = .
14/
4x 3x x
2 2.2 8.2 16 0 = . S:
( )
2
x log 5 1 = .
15/
2
x
x 1 2x 1 3x 1
3
27 9 2.3 2.3

= . S: x 0 = .
16/
2x 3x 1 x 3
4 2 2 16 0

= . S:
( )
2
x log 5 1 = .
17/
3x x
x 1 x 3
1 1
8 8. 3.2 125 24.
2 2

1 1

=

( ) ( )
. S: x 1 = .
18/
3x 2x x
x
1 325
2 2 1 .2
16 2
= . S:
2
15 161
x log
8
= .
19/
3x x x
3x
1
5 27 5 9.5 64
5
1

=

( )
. S:
5
x 0 x log 2 = = .
20/
3x x
3x x 1
8 1
2 6 2 1
2 2

1

=

( )
. S: x 1 = .
21/
x
2
x 2
9 10 4
4 2

= . S: x 3 = .
22/
2x x
3 3 5 5 = . S:
3
17 1
x log
2
= .
23/
3 x x 1
27 2 3. 3 2
= . S: x 0 = .
24/
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 x 1 2 x 2
x 4 x 6
2 2 2 2 64

= . S: x 0 x 1 = = .
25/
2x 1 x 2 x 2x 2
3 3 1 6.3 3

= . S:
( )
3
6 33
x log
3
= .
26/
2x 1 x 1 x x 1
5.3 7.3 1 6.3 9 0

= . S:
3 3
3 1
x log x log
5 5
= = .
1/
x x x
3.9 7.6 6.4 0 = . S: x 1 = .
2/
x x 2x 1
25 10 2

= . S: x 0 = .
3/
2x x 2x
4.2 6 18.3 = . S: x 2 = .
4/
4 4
x x x 1 x
8.3 9 9

= . S: x 16 = .
5/
x x 2 4 x 2 2
3 45.6 9.2 0

= . S: x 2 = .
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Page - 70 -
6/
cos x sinx lg7
2sinx 2cos x 1 2sin 2cos x 1
1
2 5 0
10

1

=

( )
. S:
x k
4
x k2
3
x k2
2
.
7/
x x x
64.9 84.12 27.16 0 = . S: x 1 x 2 = = .
8/
x x 3x 1
125 50 2

= . S: x 0 = .
9/
2 2
2x 1 x x 2x 2
2 9.2 2 0

= . S: x 1 x 2 = = .
10/
x
x x
2
4.3 9.2 5.6 = . S: x 4 = .
11/
1 1 1
x x x
6.9 13.6 6.4 0 = . S: x 1 = .
12/
3x x 2x 3x
2 2 .3 2.3 0 = . S: x 0 = .
13/
1 1 1
x x x
4 6 9

= . S:
1 5
2
3
x log
2
= .
14/
x 1 x 1 x 1
x x x
4 6 2.9

= . S: x 1 = .
15/
2 2 2
2x 6x 9 x 3x 5 2x 6x 9
3 4.15 3.5

= . S: x 4 x 1 = = .
16/
2 2 2
x 2x 1 x 2x 1 x 2x
25 9 34.15

= . HD:
2
2x x
x 0
Chia : 9 x 2
x 1 3
.
17/
2x x 2x
6.3 13.6 6.2 0 = . S: x 1 = .
1/
( ) ( )
2 2
x x
2 3 2 3 4 = . S: x 1 = .
2/
( ) ( )
x x
5 24 5 24 10 = . S: x 1 = .
3/
x x
5 2 6 5 2 6 10
1 1

=

( ) ( )
. S: x 2 = .
4/
( ) ( )
x x
x 2
6. 5 1 2 5 1 2

= . S: x 0 = .
5/
( ) ( )
x x
x 3
5 21 7. 5 21 2

= . S:
5 21
2
x 0 x log 7
= = .
6/
x x
3 3
3 8 3 8 6
1 1

=

( ) ( )
. S: x 3 = .
7/
sinx sin x
7 4 3 7 4 3 4
1 1

=

( ) ( )
. S:
( )
x k , k
2
= .
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Page - 71 -
8/
( ) ( )
tan x tan x
8 3 7 8 3 7 16 = . S:
( )
x k , k
4
= .
9/
( ) ( )
tan x tan x
5 2 6 5 2 6 10 = . S:
( )
x k , k
4
= .
10/
( ) ( )
cot x cot x
2 3 2 3 4 = . S:
( )
x k , k
4
= .
11/
( ) ( )
2 2
1 2sin x 2cos 1
2 8 3 8 6

= . S:
( )
k
x , k
2
= .
12/
x x
3 3
3 8 3 8 6 0
1 1

=

( ) ( )
. S: x 3 = .
13/
( ) ( )
x x
2 3 2 3 14 = . S: x 1 = .
14/
x x
2 3 2 3 4
1 1

=

( ) ( )
. S: x 2 = .
15/
( ) ( )( )
x x
2 3 7 4 3 2 3 8 4 3 = . S: x 0 x 2 = = .
16/
( ) ( )
x x
x 1
4 6 9. 4 6 10

= . S: x 0 = .
17/
( ) ( )
x x
7 4 3 3. 2 3 2 0 = . S: x 0 = .
18/
( ) ( )
x x
o o
2cos 72 2cos 36 3 = . HD:
( )
2
x
o
t 3t 1 0
t 2cos 72 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
19/
( ) ( ) ( )
x x x
26 15 3 2 7 4 3 2 2 3 1 = . S: x 0 = .
20/
x x
7 3 5 7 3 5
7. 8
2 2
1 1

=

( ) ( )
. S:
7 3 5
2
x 0 x log 7
= = .
21/
x x
6 35 6 35 12
1 1

=

( ) ( )
. S: x 2 = .
22/
( )
( )
( )
2
2
x 1 x 2x 1
4
2 3 2 3
2 3

=
. S: x 1 x 1 2 = = .
23/
( ) ( )
x x
2x
2 3 16. 2 3 2 = . S: x 1 = .
24/
( ) ( )
x x
x 3
3 5 16. 3 5 2

= . S:
3 5
2
x log 4
= .
25/
( ) ( )
x x
x 3
5 21 7. 5 21 2

= . S:
5 21
2
1
x 0 x log
7
1

= =

( )
.
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 72 -
26/
( ) ( )
2 2
x 1 x 1
7 4 3 6. 2 3 7 0

= . S: x 3 = .
27/
( ) ( )
x 1 1 x x 1 1 x
7 4 3 7 4 3 7

= . S:
3
x
2
= .
28/
( )
( )
2
2
x 2x 1
2 x 2x 1
9 2 5
9 2 5 10 2 5
5 2

. S: x 0 x 1 x 2 = = = .
29/
( ) ( )
2 2
2
x x x x
1 x x
5 1 2 3 5 1

= . S: x 0 x 1 = = .
30/
( )
2x 2x x
1 1 2 1 2 1 2 .2 = . S: x 1 x 0 = = .
1/
x x x
2 3 1 6 = . S: x 0 = .
2/
x x x
1 12 3 4 = . S: x 0 = .
3/
x x x
12 6 4.3 3.2 = . S: x 1 x 2 = = .
4/
( )
2
2 2
x 1
x x 1 x
4 2 2 1

= . S:
2
2x 2x
2
x 0 u 2
x 1
v 1 x
'
1
= =
1
1
!

1 =
=
1

1+
.
5/
x x x
8.3 3.2 6 24 = . S: x 1 x 3 = = .
6/
x x x 1
12.3 3.15 5 20
= . S:
3
x log 5 1 = .
7/
x 3 x
8 x.2 2 x 0
= . S: x 2 = .
8/
2 2
x 2x x 1 2x 1
1
.3 3 9.3 27 0
3

= . S: x 0 x 2 = = .
9/
( )
2 x x 3 2
x .3 3 12 7x 12 x 8x 19x = . S: x 0 x 3 x 4 = = = .
10/
2 2
x x x x 2x
2 4.2 2 4 0

= . S: x 0 x 1 = = .
11/
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 x x 2 x x
1 x 1 x
2 2 2 .2 1 0

= . S: x 0 x 1 = = .
12/
2 2 2
x 3x 2 x 6x 5 2x 3x 7
4 4 4 1

= . S: x 1 x 2 x 5 = = = .
13/
2 2
x 2x 9 3x x 3 x 2x 9 x 3x x 3 x
3 .4 3 .4 4 4 0

= . S: x 3 = .
14/
2 x x 2 2 x 2 x
x .6 6 x .6 6

= . S: x 0 x 6 = = .
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Page - 73 -
1/
( ) ( )
x x 1
0, 4 2, 5 1, 5
. S:
( )
x ; 1 .
2/
x x 1 x 2
3 3 3 11

< . S:
)
x 0; 4
.
3/
x x
2 2 3 0
< . S:
2 2
3 5 3 5
x log ; log
2 2
1

( )
.
4/
x 1 x 2
4 2 3

< . S:
( )
x ; 2 .
5/
x 0,5 x
4 7.2 4 0

< . S:
( )
x 2; .
6/
2x 1 x 1
3.5 2.5 0, 2

< . S:
( )
x ; 0 .
7/
2x 1 x
5 26.5 5 0
. S:
( ) ( )
x ; 1 1; .
8/
2x 2 3x 2
3 4.3 27 0

. S:
( )
x ; 0 .
9/
x 1
x 1
2 1
2
2 1
<
. S: x .
10/
x x 1
1 1
3 5 3 1
<

. S:
( )
x ;1 .
11/
x x 1
1 1
2 1 1 2

. S:
( )

2
4
x 0; log 1;
3
1

( )
.
12/
1 1
1 2
x x
4 2 3 0

. S:
1
x 0 x
2
< .
13/
2 2
x x 1 x x 2
9 1 10.3

. S:
( )
x ; 2 1; 0 1;
l l

l l
l l
.
14/
( )
( )
2
x 2
2 x 1
x
3
4 2 8 52
. S:
( )
x 3; .
15/
4 4
x x 1 x x
8.3 9 9

. S:
( )
x 0;16 .
16/
x x x
25.2 10 5 25 . S:
( )
x 0;2 .
17/
2x 1 x 1 x x
5 6 30 5 .30

. S:
( )
25 6
x log 6; log 5 .
18/
x x x
6 2.3 3.2 6 0 . S: x .
19/
x x 2 x x
6 2 4.3 4
. S:
( )
x ; 0 2;
l

l
l
.
20/
x x x
27 12 2.8 . S:
( )
x 0; .
21/
1 1 1
x x x
49 35 25 . S:
7 7
5 5
1 5 1 5
x log ; log
2 2
1

( )
.
22/
2x 2 x 2
3 4.3 27 0

< . S:
( )
x 0;1 .
23/
2x 1 x
5 26.5 5 0
. S:
( ) ( )
x ; 1 1; .
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Page - 74 -
24/
x x 1 x x 1 1
4 5.2 16 0

. S: x 1; 3
l
l
l
.
25/
( ) ( )
x x
3 2 3 2 2 . S: x 0 = .
26/
( ) ( ) ( )
x x x
9 3 11 2 2 5 2 6 2 3 2 1 < . S:
( )
x ; 0 .
27/
( ) ( )
x x
2 2
x 2 1 x 2 1
4
2 3 2 3
2 3

. S:
( )
x 1 2;1 2 .
28/
( ) ( )
x x
x
2 2
2
2 x 2 x
1 x 2
3 5 3 5 2

. S: x 0 x 2 = = .
29/
x
x
x
2.5
5 3 5
25 4

. S:
( )
5 5
1
x log 2; log 20;
2
1

( )
.
30/
1 1
1 2
x x
2 2 9

< . S:
( ) ( )
x ; 2 1; .
31/
3x x 1
1 1
128 0
4 8
1 1

( ) ( )
.
32/
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
x x x
2 2 2 2 1 2 1 < . S:
)
x 0;1
.
33/
( )
2x 1 x 2
2 9.2 4 x 2x 3 0
.
34/
1 x x
x
2 2 1
0
2 1
. S:
( ) )
x ; 0 1;
.
35/
x 1
x x 1
11.3 31
5
4.9 11.3 5

.
36/
x
2x 1 x
4 7.5 2
3 5 12.5 4

.
37/
( )
x
2
x x 1 1 < . S:
( )
x ; 1 .
x x 1 x x 1
2 2 3 3

.
i hc Quc Gia H Ni nm 1996
S:
)
x 2;
.
x
x 1 2x 1
2
3 2 12 0

< .
Hc Vin Cng Ngh Bu Chnh Vin Thng nm 1998
S:
( )
x 0; .
Bi tp 28. Gii phng trnh:
2 2 2
x 3x 2 x 6x 5 2x 3x 7
4 4 4 1

= .
S: x 1 x 5 x 2 = = = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 75 -
2 1
1
x x
1 1
3. 12
3 3
1 1

( ) ( )
.
i hc Vn Ha H Ni nm 1996
S:
( )
x 1; 0 .
x x x
2.14 3.49 4 0 .
i hc Giao Thng Vn Ti nm 1996
S:
2
7
x log 3;
1

( )
.
2x x x 4 x 4
3 8.3 9.9 0

.
i hc S Phm H Ni khi B nm 2000
S:
( )
x 5; .
2 2
x 2x x x 2x x 1
9 7.3 2

.
Cao ng s phm nh tr mu gio TWI nm 2001
S:
)
1
x ; 0 2;
4
l
l

l
l
.
2 2 2
2x x 1 2x x 1 2x x
25 9 34.25

.
i hc Kin Trc H Ni nm 1996
S:
x 1 3
0 x 2
x 1 3
.
x x x x
2.27 18 4.12 3.8 = .
thi th i hc nm 2010 ln 1 khi A THPT Phan Chu Trinh Nng
S: x 1 = .
x x 2
x x
2.3 2
1
3 2
.
Hc Vin Hnh Chnh Quc Gia nm 2001
S:
3
2
x 0; log 3
l
l

l
( l
l
.
2 2
1 x 1 x
5 5 24

.
thi th i hc nm 2011 THPT Ty Thy Anh
S:
( ) ( )
x ; 1 1; .
2 x 1 x 1 2 x 1
2x .5 5x 5 x.5 10x 5

.
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 76 -
S:
)
1
x ; 3;
2
l
l

l
(
l
.
( ) ( )
3 3
log x log x
2
2012 2003 2012 2003 x
3
.
S:
)
x 1;
.
( ) ( )
3
x x
x
2
5 1 5 1 2 0
.
thi th i hc nm 2010 THPT Tng Vn Trn Nam nh
S:
( ) ( )
5 1 5 1
2 2
x log 2 1 ; log 2 1

l
l

l
l
l
.
( )

4 x 4 x 4 x
9 8.3 9 3 5, x

.
thi th i hc nm 2012 THPT chuyn Ngoi Ng i hc S Phm H Ni
S:
)
x 0; 4
.

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 77 -

I L THUYT C BN

II CC TH D
( )

x
3 5 2x =
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )

M
( )
x
f x 3 = ng bin trn v
( )
g x 5 2x = nghch bin trn .

Phng trnh
( )

c mt nghim duy nht l x 1 = .
x x x
4 3 5 =
( )

i hc Cao ng pha Bc nm 1970
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )

( )
x x
4 3
1
5 5
1 1

=

( ) ( )
.
Xt hm s
( )

x x
4 3
y f x , x
5 5
1 1

= =

( ) ( )
.
Dng 3. Gii phng trnh m bng cch s dng tnh n iu ca hm s
Xt phng trnh:
on nhn l mt nghim ca phng trnh

Da vo tnh ng bin v nghch bin ca

v

kt lun l nghim duy nht:
o ng bin v nghch bin (hoc ng bin nhng nghim ngt).
o n iu v

(hng s).
Nu

ng bin (hoc nghch bin) trn v

th .
Nu ng bin trn D v th .
Nu

nghch bin trn v

th .

Nu c o hm n cp k v lin tc trn D, ng thi c ng m nghim phn
bit th phng trnh: s c khng qu nghim.
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 78 -
( ) ( )
x x
4 4 3 3
f ' x . ln . ln 0, x f x
5 5 5 5
1 1

= <

( ) ( )
nghch bin trn .

Phng trnh
( )

x
x
2
2 3 1 =
( )

i hc Kin Trc Tp. H Ch Minh nm 1995
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )

Chia hai v ca
( )
cho
x
2 0 :
( )
x
x
3 1
1
2 2
1
1

=

( )
( )
.
Xt hm s :
( )
x
x
3 1
f x
2 2
1
1

=

( )
( )
trn .
( )

x
x
3 3 1 1
f ' x ln ln 0, x
2 2 2 2
1 1
1 1

= <

( ) ( )
( ) ( )

( )
f x nghch bin trn .

Phng trnh
( )

( )

x
x
2
3 4 5 1 =
i hc Tng Hp Tp. H Ch Minh nm 1995
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
( )
( )

x
x
x
x
1 5
1 3 4 5 1 4.
3 3
1
1

= =

( )
( )

( )

Xt hm s
( )
x
x
1 5
f x 4.
3 3
1
1

=

( )
( )
trn .
( )

x
x
1 1 5 5
f ' x 4. ln . ln 0, x
3 3 3 3
1
1

= <

( )
( )

( )
f x nghch bin trn .
Ta li c
( )
f 2 1 = nn x 2 = l nghim duy nht ca phng trnh.
( )

x x
3 5 6x 2 =
i hc S Phm H Ni khi A nm 2001
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 79 -
Bi gii tham kho
Xt hm s
( )
x x
f x 3 5 6x 2 = trn .
Ta c:
( )
x x
f ' x 3 ln 3 5 ln5 6 = l hm s lin tc v
( )
( )
f ' 0 ln3 ln5 6 0
f ' 1 3ln3 5ln5 6 0
'
1
= <
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

( )
f ' x c nghim duy nht
o
x x = .
Bng bin thin:
x

o
x
( )
f ' x
0
( )
f x

T bng bin thin, ta thy
( )
f x khng qu hai nghim phn bit.
M
( ) ( )
f 0 f 1 0 = = nn phng trnh cho c hai nghim: x 0 x 1 = = .
( )

2x 1 2x 2x 1 x x 1 x 2
2 3 5 2 3 5

=
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
2x 1 2x 2x 1 x x 1 x 2
2 3 5 2 3 5

=

2x
2x 2x x x 1 x 1
2
3 5.5 2 3 5.5
2

=
( )

2x 2x 2x x 1 x 1 x 1
2 2.3 10.5 2 2.3 10.5

=
Xt hm s
( )

t t t
f t 2 2.3 10.5 , t = .
( ) ( )
t t t
f ' t 2 . ln2 2.3 . ln3 10.5 . ln5 0, t f t = ng bin trn .
Phng trnh
( )
c dng
( ) ( )
f 2x f x 1 2x x 1 x 1 = = = .21
( ) ( )

2 2
x 1 x x
2 2 x 1

=
i hc Thy Li nm 2001
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

2 2
x 1 x x 2 x 1 x x 2
2 2 x 2x 1 2 x 1 2 x x 1

= =
Nhn thy
( )
1 c dng:
( ) ( ) ( )

2
f x 1 f x x 2 =
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 80 -
Xt hm s
( )
t
f t 2 t = trn :
( ) ( )
t
f ' t 2 ln2 1 0, t f t = ng bin trn
( )
3
T
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 , 2 , 3 x 1 x x x 2x 1 0 x 1 = = = .
( ) ( )
( )

x 1 x
2 1 3 2 2 x 1
=
Cao ng S Phm Hng Yn khi A nm 2006
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
( ) ( )
x 1 2x
2 1 2 1 x 1
=
( ) ( )
( )

x 1 2x
2 1 x 1 2 1 2x 1
=
( )
1 c dng
( ) ( ) ( )
f x 1 f 2x 2 =
Xt hm s
( )
( )
t
f t 2 1 t = trn .
( )
( ) ( )
t
f ' t 2 1 . ln 2 1 1 0 = Hm s
( )
f t ng bin trn
( )
3 .
T
( ) ( ) ( )
1 , 2 , 3 x 1 2x x 1 = = .
( )
( )

3 3
x x x x
36. 2 3 9.8 4.27 =
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
3 3
x x
x x
8 27
2 3
4 9
=
( )

3 3
x x 3x 2 3x 2
2 3 2 3

=
Xt hm s:
( )

t t
f t 2 3 , t = .
( ) ( )
t t
f ' t 2 . ln2 3 . ln3 0, t y f x = = ng bin trn .
Phng trnh
( )
c dng:
( ) ( )
3 3
x 2
f x f 3x 2 x 3x 2
x 1
= =
.
( )

2
x 3x 1 x 2 2
2 2 x 4x 3 0

=
Bi gii tham kho
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 81 -
Tp xc nh: D = .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

2
x 3x 1 2 x 2 2
2 x 3x 1 2 x 2 f x 3x 1 f x 2

= =
Xt hm s
( )
t
f t 2 t = xc nh v lin tc trn .
( ) ( )
t
f ' t 2 ln2 1 0, t f t = ng bin trn .
( )
2 2
x 1
x 3x 1 x 2 x 4x 3 0
x 3
= =
.
( )

2
x 3x 1 x 2 2
2013 2013 x 3x x 3 0

=
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
( )
2
x 3x 0 x , 0 3,
l

l
l
.
( )
( )
( )
2
x 3x 1 2 x 2
2013 x 3x 1 2013 x 2

=
( )
( ) ( )

2
f x 3x 1 f x 2 =
Xt hm s
( )
t
f t 2013 t = xc nh v lin tc trn .
( ) ( )
t
f ' t 2013 ln2013 1 0, t f t = ng bin trn .
( )
( )
2 2
2
2
x 3 0
x 3x 1 x 2 x 3x x 3 x 3
x 3x x 3
'
1
1
1
= = =
!
1
=
1
1+
.
( )

2 2
cos x sin x
2013 2013 cos2x 0 =
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
2 2
cos x 2 sin x 2
2013 cos x 2013 sin x =
( ) ( ) ( )

2 2
f cos x f sin x =
Xt hm s

( )
t
f t 2013 t = lin tc v xc nh trn

0,1
l
l
l
.
( ) ( ) ( )
t
f ' t 2013 ln 2013 1 0, t 0,1 f t
l
=
l
l
ng bin trn on 0,1
l
l
l
.
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
k
cos x sin x cos x sin x 0 cos 2x 0 x , k
4 2

= = = = .
Vy phng trnh c mt tp nghim l
( )
k
x , k
4 2

= .
( )

2 2
cos x sin x
e e cos 2x =
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Page - 82 -
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
2 2
cos x sin x 2 2
e e cos x sin x =

2 2
cos x 2 sin x 2
e cos x e sin x =
( ) ( ) ( )

2 2
f cos x f sin x =
Xt hm s
( )
t
f t e t = xc nh v lin tc trn on

0;1
l
l
l
.
( ) ( )
t
f ' t e 1 0, t 0;1 f t
l
=
l
l
lun ng bin trn on 0;1
l
l
l
.
( ) ( )
2 2
k
cos x sin x cos 2x 0 2x k x , k
2 4 2

= = = = .
Vy phng trnh c mt tp nghim l
( )
k
x , k
4 2

= .
Th d 123. Gii phng trnh :
( ) ( )
( )

x x
x
2 3 2 3 4 1 =
Hc Vin Cng Ngh Bu Chnh Vin Thng ( s 2) nm 1998
Bi gii tham kho
( ) ( )

x x
2 3 2 3
1 1 2
4 4
1 1

=

( ) ( )

Nhn thy x 1 = l mt nghim phng trnh
( )
2 .
Xt hm s
x x
2 3 2 3
y
4 4
1 1

=

( ) ( )
trn .

x x
2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3
y' . ln . ln 0, x
4 4 4 4
1 1

= <

( ) ( )
V tri l hm s
nghch bin.
Cn v phi y 1 = l hm hng nm ngang. Do , phng trnh
( )
2 c nghim duy
nht v nghim l x 1 = .
( )

x 1 x
2 4 x 1
=
i hc Ngoi Thng khi D nm 1997
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
t
x
2 t 0 = . Lc :
( )
2
t 1 2 x
t 2t x 1 0
t 1 2 x
=

=
.
Trng hp 1:
( )

x
t 1 2 x 2 1 2 x 1 = =
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 83 -
Ta c:
( )
( )
( ) ( )
x
f x 2 :
g x 1 2 x :
f 1 g 1
'
1
=
1
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
1 =
1
1+

( )
1 : c mt nghim duy nht l x 1 = .
Trng hp 2:
( )

x
t 1 2 x 2 1 2 x 2 = =
iu kin :
2 x 0
1 x 2
1 1 x 0
'
1
1
1
<
!
1

1
1+
.
Ta c:
(
x 1; 2
l

l
l
th
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
x
f x 2 h 1 2
: 2 :
h x 1 2 x h 2 1
'
1
= =
1
1
!
1
= < =
1
1+
V nghim.
Th d 125. Tm nghim dng ca phng trnh:
( )

2 2
log 3 log 5
x x x =
i hc Ngoi Thng nm 1996
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 0 (do nghim dng).
t
t
2
log x t x 2 0 = = .
( ) ( )

t t
t t t
2 3
2 3 5 1
5 5
1 1

= =

( ) ( )

Nhn thy t 1 = l mt nghim ca phng trnh
( )
.
Xt hm s
( )
t t
2 3
f t
5 5
1 1

=

( ) ( )

Ta c:
( )

t t
2 2 3 3
f ' t ln ln 0, t
5 5 5 5
1 1

= <

( ) ( )
Hm s
( )
f t nghch bin.
Mt khc y 1 = l hm hng s
( )
// Ox .
Vy t 1 = l nghim duy nht ca
( )

t 1
x 2 2 2 = = = l nghim cn tm ca
( )
.
( ) ( ) ( )

x x
x 4 .9 x 5 .3 1 0 =
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
t:
x
t 3 0 = .
( ) ( ) ( )
2
x 4 .t x 5 .t 1 0 =
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2
x 5 4 x 4 x 6x 9 x 3 = = =
L hm tng.
L hm gim
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 84 -
( )
( )
x 5 x 3
t 1
2 x 4
x 5 x 3 1
t
x 4 2 x 4
= =
= =
.
Vi
x
t 1 3 1 x 0 = = = .
Vi
( ) ( )

x x
x 4 0
x 4
1
t 0
1
3 . x 4 1 1 x 4 3
x 4
'
1
'
1 1
1 1
1 1
=
! !
1 1
= =
1 1
1+
1

1+

Phng trnh
( )
1 c mt nghim l

x 1 = .
Xt hm s:
( ) ( ) ( )
x
f x 3 . x 4 , x 4; =
Ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
x x x
f ' x 3 . x 4 . ln 3 3 3 . x 4 . ln 3 1 0, x 4;
l
= =
l
l

( )
f x ng bin
( )
x 4; v
( )
g x 1 = l hm khng i.

( )
1 .
Vy phng trnh
( )
c hai nghim l x 0 x 1 = = .
( ) ( )

2 2
x 2 x 2
4 x 7 .2 12 4x 0 =
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
t:
2
x
t 2 0 = .
( ) ( )
2 2 2
t x 7 .t 12 4x 0 =
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2 2 2
2 2
2
7 x x 1
t 4
2
x 7 4 12 4x x 1
7 x x 1
t 3 x
2
= =
= =

= =

Vi

2
x 2 2
t 4 2 4 2 x 2 x 2 = = = = = .
Vi
( )
( )

2
2
2
2
x 2
x 2
3 x 0 x 3; 3
t 3 x 0
2 3 x
2 x 3 1
'
1 '
1
1
1
1 1
=
! !
1 1
=
= 1 1
1+
1
+
.
Xt hm s
( )
( )
2
x 2
f x 2 x , x 3; 3 =
( ) ( )
2 2
x x
f ' x 2 .2x. ln2 2x 2x 2 . ln2 2 = =
Cho
( )
( )

2 2
x x
2x 0
f ' x 0
2 . ln2 2 0 VN do : 2 . ln2 2 0, x
=

=

x 0 = .
Bng bin thin:
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 85 -
x
3 0 3
( )
f ' x

0 +

( )
f x

11 11

1

Vi
( )
( ) ( )
x 3; 0 f ' x 0 : f x < nghch bin.
Nu
( ) ( ) ( )
x 1 f x f 1 3 1 : < = v nghim.
Nu
( ) ( ) ( )
x 1 f x f 1 3 1 : < = v nghim.
( )
x 3; 0 th phng trnh
( )
1 c nghim duy nht l x 1 = .
Vi
( ) ( )
x 0; f ' x 0 :
( )
f x ng bin.
Nu
( ) ( ) ( )
x 1 f x f 1 3 1 : < < = v nghim.
Nu
( ) ( ) ( )
x 1 f x f 1 3 1 : = v nghim.
( )
x 0; th phng trnh
( )
1 c nghim duy nht l x 1 = .
Vy phng trnh
( )
c 4 nghim l: x 1 x 2 = = .
x 4 2x 4
3 2 13

Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
x 4 0 x 4
x 2
2x 4 0 x 2
' '
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1
1 1
+ +

Xt hm s:
( )
x 4 2x 4
f x 3 2

= xc nh trn
)
D 2;
.
( ) ( )
x 4 2x 4
1 1
f ' x 3 . ln3. 2 . ln2. 0, x 2,
2 x 4 2x 4

=

.
( )
x 4 2x 4
f x 3 2

= ng bin
( )
x 2, .
M:
( ) ( )
x 4 2x 4
f x 3 2 f 0 13 x 0

= = .
( )
x 0; .
( )

x x x
3.2 7.5 49.10 2
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 86 -
( )
x x
3.2 7.5 2 49.10

x
x
3.2 7.5 2
49
10

( )

x x x
1 1 1
3 7 2 49 1
5 2 10
1 1 1

( ) ( ) ( )

Xt hm s:
( )
x x x
1 1 1
f x 3 7 2
5 2 10
1 1 1

=

( ) ( ) ( )
xc nh trn .
( )

x x x
1 1 1 1 1 1
f ' x 3 ln 7 ln 2 ln 0, x
5 5 2 2 10 10
1 1 1 1 1 1

= <

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
.
( )
x x x
1 1 1
f x 3 7 2
5 2 10
1 1 1

=

( ) ( ) ( )
lun nghch bin trn .
M:
( ) ( )
x x x
1 1 1
f x 3 7 2 f 1 49 x 1
5 2 10
1 1 1

= = <

( ) ( ) ( )
.
( )
x ; 1 .
2 x
x
3 3 2x
0
4 2

Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh:
x 2x
1
4 2 0 2 2 x
2
.
Xt hm s:
( )
2 x
f x 3 3 2x
= trn .
( )

2 x
f ' x 3 . ln3 2 0, x
= < .
( )
2 x
f x 3 3 2x
= l hm s lun nghch bin trn .

Xt hm s:
( )
x
g x 4 2 = trn
1
\
2
' '
1 1
1 1
! !
1 1
1 1 + +
.
( )

x
1
g' x 4 ln 4 0, x \
2
' '
1 1
1 1
=
! !
1 1
1 1 + +
.
( )
x
g x 4 2 = l hm s lun ng bin trn
1
\
2
' '
1 1
1 1
! !
1 1
1 1 + +
.
Lc :
( )
( )
( )
f x
4 0
g x

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 87 -
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )

f x 0 f 2 f x 0 f 2
1 1
g x 0 g g x 0 g
2 2
' '
1 1
= =
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1

! !

1 1 = < =
1 1

1 1
( ) ( )
1 1 + +

x 2 x 2
1 1
x x
2 2
' '
1 1
1 1
1 1 1 1

! !
1 1
<
1 1
1 1
1 1 + +

1
x 2
2
< .
1
x ; 2
2
l
(
l
.

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 88 -
BI TP TNG T
Bi tp 41. Gii cc phng trnh sau:
1/
x
2 x 3 0 = . S: x 1 = .
2/
x
1 1
x
2 2
1

=

( )
. S: x 1 = .
3/
6 x
7 x 2
= . S: x 5 = .
4/
x
x x
2
2 5 29 = . S: x 2 = .
5/
x x
4 7 9x 2 = . S: x 0 x 1 = = .
6/
x x
4 6 25x 2 = . S: x 0 x 2 = = .
7/
x x x x
6 2 5 3 = . S: x 0 x 1 = = .
8/
x x x
3 5 2.4 = . S: x 0 x 1 = = .
9/
x
x
2
4 9 7 = . S: x 2 = .
10/
( )
x
8 3x 1 4 = . S:
1
x
3
= .
11/
x x x x
3 4 12 13 = . S: x 2 = .
12/
x x x x
3 8 4 7 = . S: x 0 x 1 = = .
13/
x x x x
2 3 5 10 = . S: x 1 = .
14/
x x x
2013 2014 2.2012 = . S: x 0 = .
15/
x x x x
9 5 4 2 20 = . S: x 2 = .
16/
x x x x 3 2
x x x
1 1 1
5 4 3 2 2x 5x 7x 17
2 3 6
= . S: x 1 = .
17/
x 1 x
2 2.4 x
= . S: x 0 = .
18/
2x 1 3x
5 5 x 1 0
= . S: x 1 = .
19/
2 2 2
x 3cos x x 4cos x
2 2 2014cos 3x

= . S:
k
x
6 3

= .
20/
2 3 2
1 x 4 sin x 1 x 3sinx
2 2 2013sin3x

= . S:
k
x
3
= .
21/
2
2 2
12 x 12 8x
x x
1 1
253 253
8 x

= . S: x 8 = .
22/
2
3 2 2
47x 21 7 x
3
x 3x x
2
280 21x 7x
713 713
x 3x

. S: x 8 x 5 = = .
23/
x x x x x
3 3 2 2 6 2x 6

= . S: x 1 = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 89 -
24/
2x 5 x 1 1 1
e e
2x 5 x 1

=

. S: x 2 x 4 = = .
25/
2x 1 2x 2x 1 x x 1 x 2
2 3 5 2 3 5

= . S: x 1 = .
26/
2 2
x x 3 2x 2 2x 3 x x
2 9 x 6 4 3 5x

= . S: x 1 x 6 = = .
27/
x x
2 2 x x 1 x 1
2 3 2 2 3 x 1

= . S: x 0 x 1 = = .
28/
x x
3 .2x 3 2x 1 = . S: x 1 x 1 = = .
29/
2
x x x 8 2
2 2 8 2x x

= . S: x 2 x 4 = = .
30/
2 x
x x 1 3 = . S: x 0 = .
31/
( )( )
x x
1 x 2 4 3.4 = . S:
1
x 0 x x 1
2
= = = .
32/
( ) ( ) ( )
x x x
3 2 3 2 5 = . S: S = .
33/
( ) ( )
x
x x
2
3 2 3 2 10 = . S: x 2 = .
34/
( ) ( )
x x
x 3
3 5 16. 3 5 2

= . S: x 2 = .
35/
( ) ( )
x x
x
3 2 2 3 2 2 6 = . S: x 1 = .
36/
x x
x
2 3 2 3 2
1 1

=

( ) ( )
. S: x 2 = .
37/
( )
x x
x
4 15 4 15 2 2
1 1

=

( ) ( )
. S: x 2 = .
38/
( ) ( )
x x
x
2 3 2 3 4 = . S: x 1 = .
39/
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
cos2x
sin x cos x cos2x
1
2 2 2 2 2 2 1
2
1

=

( )
. S:
k
x
4 2

= .
40/
( )
x x
9 x 12 3 11 x 0 = . S: x 0 x 2 = = .
41/
( )
x 2 x 2
3.25 3x 10 .5 x 3

= . S:
5
25
x 2 x log
3
= = .
42/
x 3 x
8 x.2 2 x 0
= . S: x 2 = .
43/
( ) ( )
2 2
x 2 x 2
9 x 3 .3 2 1 x 0 = . S:
3
x 0 x log 2 = = .
44/
( ) ( )
2 2
2
x 2 x 2
6 2 x 6x 1 .6 x 6x 1 0 = . S: x 0 x 1 = = .
45/
( )
2x x x x
3 2 9 3 9.2 0 = . S: x 0 x 2 = = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 90 -
46/
( )
x x
25 2 3 x .5 2x 7 0 = . S: x 1 = .
i hc Ti Chnh K Ton H Ni nm 1997
47/
( )
x 2 x 2
3.25 3x 10 .5 3 x 0

= . S:
5
x 2 x 2 log 3 = = .
48/
x 1 x 1
3.9 (3x 7).3 2 x 0

= . S: x 0 x 1 = = .
49/
( )
x x
3.4 3x 10 .2 3 x 0 = . S:
2
x 1 x log 3 = = .
50/
( )
x x
9 2 x 2 .3 2x 5 0 = . S: x 1 = .
i hc Thng Mi nm 1995
51/
2 x 1 x x 2
4x 3 3 2.3 .x 2x 6
= . S:
2
3
3
x x log 2
2
= = .
52/
( ) ( )
2 x x
x 2 3 x 2 1 2 0 = . S: x 0 x 2 = = .
53/
( )
x x
4 x 8 2 12 2x 0 = . S: x 1 x 2 = = .
54/
( ) ( )
x x
x 4 .9 x 5 .3 1 0 = . S: x 0 x 1 = = .
55/
( )
3x 2x 2 x 3
2 3x.2 1 3x .2 x x 2 = . S: x 0 = .
56/
( )
2 2
x 2 x 2
4 x 7 .2 12 4x 0 = . S: x 1 x 2 = = .
57/
( )
x x
x 2.3 1 3 2 = . S: x 1 = .
58/
( ) ( )
x x
9 x 2 .3 2 x 4 0

= . S: x 1 = .
Bi tp 42. Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:
1/
x 1 x 1 x
2 3 6 1

. S: x 2 < .
2/
x x x x
7 5 2.3 2 3 . HD: Chia
( ) ( )
x
7 f x f 2 x 2 .
3/
x x x
2 3 5 38 . S: x 2 .
4/
1 x
x
3 3x 2
0
2 1
. S: x 0 x 1 < .
Hc Vin Qun Y nm 1996
5/
x
2
3 x 4
0
x x 6

.
6/
( )( )
x 2 2
x 1
5 x 3 x 5x 6
0
3 1
. S:
( ) )
x ; 3 2;1 2;
l

l
l
.
7/
( )
x 2x x
2
9x 512
2 2 1 log x 2x
x

. HD:
( ) ( )
f x f 2 x 2 .
( ) ( )
2 x x
x 3 2 x 2 1 2 0 = .
thi th i hc nm 2013 khi A v A
1
S GD & T Vnh Phc
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Page - 91 -
S: x 0 x 2 = = .
x x
3 .2x 3 2x 1 = .
thi th i hc nm 2010 TTBDVH & LTH Quang Minh
S: x 1 = .
2
2 2
1 x 1 2x
x x
x 2
2 2
2x

= .
HSG tnh Tin Giang nm 2011 2012 (ngy thi th nht 25/10/2011)
S: x 2 = .
2
sin x sin x sin x 1 4
x
3 3 4 sin
2 4

1

( )
.
HSG tnh Hng Yn Khi 12 Nm hc 2005 2006
S:
( )
x k2 , k
2
= .
( )
cos 2x 1
2
1 1
2 cos 2x log 3cos2x 1
2 2
= .
HSG tnh Thi Bnh Khi 12 Nm hc 2006 2007
S:
( )
x k , k
6
= .
( ) ( )
x x
2
4 x 11 .2 8 x 3
0
log x 1

.
thi th i hc nm 2010 ln 1 THPT ng Sn 1
S:
( )
x 1; 3 4;
l

l
l
.
2
2
x 1 x 1
2
x x
3
2
x 1 x 1
x ln x ln 1 x
x x

1 1

( ) ( )
.
thi th i hc nm 2009 khi A (Ngi ra : B Ch Thi Bnh)
S:
)
x 1;
.
2
ln x 5ln x 7
2
x
1 1
x 1 1 x 1 1

=

.
thi th i hc nm 2009 khi A Trng i hc Hng c
2 2
log 3 log 5
x x x = .
i hc Ngoi Thng Tp. H Ch Minh nm 1995
S: x 2 = .

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Page - 92 -
C PHNG TRNH BT PHNG TRNH LOGARIT

I L THUYT C BN
C CC C Phng trnh logarit
Vi
b
a
a 0, a 1 : log x b x a = =
( )
1
Vi
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )

a a
f x g x
a 0, a 1 : log f x log g x
f x 0 hay g x 0
'
1
=
1
1
=
!
1

1
1+

( )
2
Vi
( ) ( ) ( )
( )

g x
a
a 0, a 1 : log f x g x f x a = = (m ha)
( )
3
Cc bc gii:
+ t iu kin cho biu thc c ngha, chng hn:
( )
( )
K
a
f x 0
log f x
0 a 1
'
1

1
1
!
1 <
1
1+
.
+ Dng cc cng thc bin i a v dng
( ) ( )
1 , 2 hoc
( )
3 .
C CC C Bt phng trnh logarit
Khi gii bt phng trnh logarit, ta cn ch n tnh n iu ca hm s m, chng hn gii
phng trnh:
( ) ( )
a a
log f x log g x .
+ Nu a 1 th
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
a a
log f x log g x f x g x (cng chiu).
+ Nu 0 a 1 < < th
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
a a
log f x log g x f x g x < (ngc chiu).
Trong trng hp c s a c cha n th:
+
( )( )
a
log B 0 a 1 B 1 0 . +
( )( )
a
a
log A
0 A 1 B 1 0
log B
.
Cc cng thc thng dng
( )

a a a
CT.1 log b log c log b.c = .
a a a
b
CT.2 log b log c log
c
1

=

( )
.

a
a
a
. log b
CT.3 log b
. log b
'
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
1+

a
a
1
CT.4 log b . log b
.

a
b
1
CT.5 log b
log a
= .
a
b
a
log c
CT.6 log c
log b
= .
Vi a, b, c 0 v a, b, c 1 th:
b b
a
log c log a
log b
a c
b a
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
Dng 1. Gii phng trnh logarit bng cch a v cng c s
nu l
nu chn
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 93 -
II CC TH D
C CC C Cc th d v gii phng trnh logarit a v cng c s
( ) ( )

3
log 2x 1 2 =
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
1
2x 1 0 x
2
.
( )
2
2x 1 3
=

5
x
8
= .
So vi iu kin, nghim phng trnh l
5
x
8
= .
( ) ( ) ( )

2 2
log x 2 log x 2 2 =
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
x 2 0 x 2
x 2
x 2 0 x 2
' '
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1
1 1
+ +
.
( ) ( )( )
2 2
log x 2 x 2 log 4 =
( )( )

2
x 2 x 2 4 x 8 = =
x 2 2 = .
So vi iu kin, nghim phng trnh l x 2 2 = .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

2
log x 2x 3 lg x 3 lg x 1 =
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
2
x 2x 3 0
x 3 0 x 1
x 1 0
'
1

1
1
1

!
1
1
1
1
+
.
( ) ( )( ) ( )
2
10 10
log x 2x 3 x 3 log x 1 =
( )( ) ( )

2
x 2x 3 x 3 x 1 =
( )( ) ( )

2
x 1 x 3 x 1 0 =
( )( )

2
x 1 x 6x 8 0 =
x 1 x 2 x 4 = = = .
So vi iu kin, phng trnh cho v nghim: S = .
( ) ( ) ( )

25 5 5
2log 3x 11 log x 27 3 log 8 =
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 94 -
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
11
3x 11 0
x
x 27
3
x 27 0
x 27
'
1
'
1 1

1 1 1

! !
1 1
1 1
+
1
1+
.
( ) ( ) ( ) 2
3
5 5 5
5
2log 3x 11 log x 27 log 5 log 8 =
( ) ( )

5 5 5 5
1
2. log 3x 11 log x 27 log 125 log 8
2
=
( )( )

5 5
log 3x 11 x 27 log 1000 =
( )( )
3x 11 x 27 1000 =

2
3x 92x 703 0 =

19
x x 37
3
= = .
( )

3
3
5 0,2
25
log x log x log x 7 =
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 0 .
( ) 1 2
3
3
5
5
5
log x log x log x 7
=

5 5 5
3
3log x log x log x 7
2
=

5
3
3 1 log x 7
2
1

=

( )

5
7
log x 7
2
=

5
log x 2 =
x 25 = .
So vi iu kin, phng trnh c nghim duy nht: x 25 = .
( ) ( )

2
2 2
x 5
log log x 25 0
x 5

Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
2
x 5
x 5
0
x 5
x 5
x 25 0
'
1
1
<
1
1
!

1
1

1
1+
.
( )
( )( )
2
2
x 5 x 25
log 0
x 5

=

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 95 -
( )

2
2
log x 5 0 =
x 5 1 =

x 5 1
x 5 1

x 4 x 6 = = .
So vi iu kin, phng trnh c nghim duy nht x 6 = .
( ) ( ) ( )

4 2 2 4
log log x log log x 2 =
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
2
4
x 0
log x 0 x 1
log x 0
'
1

1
1
1

!
1
1
1
1
+
.
( ) ( ) ( ) 2 2
2 2
2 2
8 log log x log log x 2 =
( )

2 2 2 2
1 1
log log x log log x 2
2 2
1

=

( )

( ) ( )

2 2 2 2 2
1 1
log log x log log x log 3
2 2
=
( )

2 2
3
log log x 3
2
=
( )

2 2
log log x 2 =

2
log x 4 =
x 16 = .
So vi iu kin, phng trnh: x 16 = .
( ) ( )

x
2
log 9 2 3 x =
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
x x
9 2 0 2 9 < .
( ) ( )
( ) 3 x
x
2 2
log 9 2 log 2

=
( )

3 x
x
9 2 2

=
( )

x
x
8
2 9 0 1
2
=
t
x
t 2 0 = .
( )
8
1 t 9 0
t
=
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 96 -

2
t 9t 8 0 =
t 1 t 8 = = .
Vi
x
t 1 2 1 x 0 = = = .
Vi
x
t 8 2 8 x 3 = = = .
Thay vo iu kin, phng trnh c hai nghim: x 0 x 3 = = .
( ) ( )

x 1
3
log 3 26 2 x
=
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
x 1 x
26
3 26 0 3
3
.
( ) ( )
x 1 2 x
3 26 3

=
( )

x
x
9
3.3 26 0 1
3
=
t
x
t 3 0 = .
( )
9
1 3t 26 0
t
=

2
3t 26t 9 0 =
( ) ( )

1
t L t 9 N
3
= =
Vi
x
t 9 3 9 x 2 = = = .
Thay vo iu kin:
2
26
3 :
3
tha Nhn nghim: x 2 = .
( ) ( )

4 2 4
log x 3 log x 1 2 log 8 =
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
x 3 0 x 3
x 1
x 1 0 x 1
' '
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1
1 1
+ +
.
( ) ( ) ( ) 1
2
1
2
4 4 4
4
log x 3 log x 1 2log 4 log 8 =
( ) ( )

2
4 4 4
4
log x 3 log x 1 log
8
1

=

( )

4 8
x 3
log log 2
x 1
1

( )

x 3
2
x 1

x 5 = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 97 -
( ) ( )

2
4
4 2
x
log log 4x 10 0
4
1

=

( )

Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 0 .
( )
2 2 4 4
4 4 2 2
log x log 4 log 4 log x 10 0 =

2 2
log x 2 8 4 log x 10 0 =

2
log x 0 =

0
x 2 1 = =
x 1 = .
So vi iu kin, nghim phng trnh l x 1 = .
( ) ( ) ( )

2
3 3
2log x 2 log x 4 0 =
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
( )
2
x 2 0
x 2
x 4
x 4 0
'
1 '
1
1
1 1
! !
1 1

1 1
+
1+
.
( ) ( )
3 3
2log x 2 2log x 4 0 =
( )

3
log x 2 x 4 0 =
( )
x 2 x 4 1 =
( )( ) ( )( )

x 2 x 4 1 x 2 x 4 1
x 4 2 x 4
' '
1 1
= =
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1 < <
1 1
1 1 + +

2 2
x 6x 7 0 x 6x 9 0
x 4 2 x 4
' '
1 1
= =
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1 < <
1 1
1 1 + +

x 3
x 3 2
2 x 4
x 4
'
' 1
1 =
=
1
1 1

! !
1 1 < <
1 1
+ 1+

x 3 2 x 3 = = .
So vi iu kin, phng trnh c hai nghim: x 3 2 x 3 = = .
( )

2 2 1
2
log x 2 log x 5 log 8 0 =
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
x 2 0 x 2
x 5 0 x 5
' '
1 1
1 1
! !
1 1
1 1
+ +
.
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 98 -
( ) ( )( )
2 2
log x 2 x 5 log 8 =
( )( )
x 2 x 5 8 =
( )( )
( )( )

x 2 x 5 8
x 2 x 5 8

2
2
x 3x 18 0
x 3x 2 0

3 17
x 3 x 6 x
2
= = = .
So vi iu kin, phng trnh c ba nghim:
3 17
x 3 x 6 x
2
= = = .
( )
( )
( ) ( )

2
2
6 2
3
2 2 2 2
1
log 3x 4 . log x 8 log x log 3x 4
3
l
=
l
l
l

Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
( )
( )
6
2
3
3x 4 0
3x 4 0
4 3x 4 0
0 x
x 0
3
x 0
x 0
'
1
1
1
1
1
'
1 1

1 1
<
! !
1 1
1 1
+
1
1
1
1
1+
.
( )
2
2
2 2 2 2
6 1
log 3x 4 .3log x 8 log x 2log 3x 4
3 2
1
l
=
l
l
( )

( ) ( )

2 2
2 2 2 2
6log 3x 4 . log x 2 log x 4 log 3x 4 =
( ) ( )

2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 log x log 3x 4 . log x 2 log 3x 4 2log 3x 4 . log x 0 =
( ) ( )

2 2 2 2 2 2
log x log x log 3x 4 2log 3x 4 log 3x 4 log x 0 =
( )( )

2 2 2 2
log x log 3x 4 log x 2 log 3x 4 0 =

2 2
2 2
log x log 3x 4 0
log x 2 log 3x 4 0

2 2
2
2 2 2
log x log 3x 4
log x 2log 3x 4 log 3x 4

= =

2
x 0
x 3x 4
x 3x 4
'
1
1
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
1 =
1
1+

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 99 -
( )

2
x 0
x 3x 4
x 3x 4
9x 25x 16 0
'
1
1
1
1
1 =
1
1 =
1
1
1
= 1
1
+

16
x 1 x 2 x
9
= = = .
So vi iu kin, nghim phng trnh l:
16
x 1 x 2 x
9
= = = .
( )
( )

2
3
log 8 x x 9 2 =
Cao ng Du Lch H Ni khi A nm 2006
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
2
8 x x 9 0 .
( )
2
8 x x 9 9 =

2
x 9 x 1 =

2 2
x 1 0 x 1
x 4
x 4 x 9 x 2x 1
' '
1 1
1 1 1
=
! !
1 1 = =
1 1
+ 1+
.
Thay nghim x 4 = vo iu kin v tha iu kin.
( ) ( )

1 4
4
1
log x 3 1 log
x
=
Cao ng Kinh T Cng Ngh Tp. H Ch Minh khi D1 nm 2006
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
x 3 0
x 3
x 3
1
x 0
0
x
'
1
'
1 1
1 1 1

! !
1 1
1 1
+
1
1+
.
( ) ( )
4 4
1
log x 3 log 1
x
=

4
x 3
log 1
x
=

x 3 1
x 4
x 4
= = .
( ) ( )

2 2 2
log x log x 6 log 7 =
Cao ng Marketing nm 1999
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 100 -
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
x 0 x 0
x 6
x 6 0 x 6
' '
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1
1 1
+ +
Tp xc nh:
( )
D 6; = .
( ) ( )
2 2
log x x 6 log 7
l
=
l
l

2
x 6x 7 0 x 1 x 7 = = = .
Kt hp vi tp xc nh, nghim cn tm l x 7 = .
( ) ( )

4 x
log x 2 . log 2 1 =
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: 0 x 1 < .
( ) ( )
2
2
1 1
log x 2 . 1
2 log x
=
( )

2 2
log x 2 2log x =
( )

2
2 2
log x 2 log x =

2
x 2 x x 1 x 2 = = = .
So vi iu kin, nghim ca phng trnh cn tm l x 2 = .
( )

x 27 3
3
log 3 3log x 2log x
4
=
Cao ng in Lc Tp. H Ch Minh nm 2006
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: 0 x 1 < .
( )
3 3
3
3 1
. log x 2log x 0
4 log x
=

3
3
3 1
. 3. log x
4 log x
=

2
3
1
log x
4
= .

3 3
1 1
log x log x
2 2
= =

1
x 3 x
3
= = .
1
x 3 x
3
= = .
( ) ( ) ( )

2
2 1
2
log x 1 log x 1 =
i hc Hu khi D, R, R H chuyn ban nm 2000
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 101 -
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
2
x 1 0
x 1
x 1 0
'
1

1
1

!
1
1
1+
Tp xc nh:
( )
D 1; = .
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2
log x 1 log x 1 0 =
( )( )

2
2
log x 1 x 1 0 =
( )( )

2
x 1 x 1 1 =
( )

2
x x x 1 0 =

1 5 1 5
x 0 x x
2 2

= = = .
So vi tp xc nh, nghim ca phng trnh l:
1 5
x
2
= .
( ) ( ) ( )

2
2 2
log x 3 log 6x 10 1 0 =
Cao ng K Thut Cao Thng nm 2006
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
2
x 3 0
5
x
6x 10 0 3
'
1

1
1

!
1
1
1+
.
( )
( )
2
2 2
2 x 3
log log 1
6x 10

( )

2
2 x 3
1
6x 10

2
x 3x 2 0 x 1 x 2 = = = .
So vi iu kin, phng trnh c nghim duy nht l x 2 = .
( )

2 3 4 20
log x log x log x log x =
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 0 .
Cch gii 1
( )
2 2 2
2
2 2 2
log x log x log x
log x
log 3 log 4 log 20
=

2
2 2 2
1 1 1
log x. 1 0
log 3 log 4 log 20
1

=

( )

2
log x 0 =
x 1 = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 102 -
Cch gii 2
( )
lnx ln x ln x ln x
0
ln2 ln3 ln4 ln20
=

1 1 1 1
ln x. 0
ln2 ln3 ln4 ln20
1

=

( )

ln x 0 =
x 1 = .
Nhn xt
Trong cch gii 1, ti s dng cng thc bin i c s:
c
a
c
log x
log x
log a
= v trong
cch gii 2, ti cng s dng cng thc y nhng c th vi c e = , lc
a
ln x
log x
lna
= .
( )

2 3 5 2 3 5
log x log x log x log x. log x. log x =
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 0 .
( )
2 3 5 2 3 5
log x log x log x log x. log x. log x =
( )

2 3 2 5 2 2 3 5 5
log x log 2 log x log 2 log x log x log 5. log x . log x =
( )

2
2 3 5 3 5
log x 1 log 2 log 2 log 5. log x 0 =

2
2
3 5 3 5
log x 0
1 log 2 log 2 log 5. log x 0

2 3 5
5
3
x 1
1 log 2 log 2
log x
log 5

3 5
5
3
x 1
1 log 2 log 2
log x
log 5

3 5
3
1 log 2 log 2
log 5
x 1
x 5

.
So vi iu kin, nghim phng trnh l
3 5
3
1 log 2 log 2
log 5
x 1 x 5

= = .
Nhn xt
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 103 -
Trong bi gii trn, ti s dng cng thc:
c
a c c a
c
log x
log x log x log a. log x
log a
= =
a v
2
log x nhm xut hin nhn t chung.
( )
( ) ( )

2
2
3 log x 8
8 x 2
=
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
2
x 8 0 x 2 2 x 2 2 < .
( )
( )
( )
2
2
3 3log x 8
2 x 2
=
( )
( )

2
2
3
3 log x 8
2 x 2
l
l =
l
l

( )

2
2
log x 8
2 x 2
=
( )

2
log 2
2
x 8 x 2 =

2
x 8 x 2 =

2
x x 6 0 =
x 2 x 3 = = .
So vi iu kin, phng trnh c nghim duy nht: x 3 = .
( ) ( ) ( )

x x
2 2
1 log 9 6 log 4.3 6 =
Cao ng K Thut Y T I nm 2006
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
x
x
9 6 0
4.3 6 0
'
1

1
1
!
1
1
1+
.
( ) ( ) ( )
x x
2 2 2
log 2 log 9 6 log 4.3 6 =
( ) ( )

x x
2 2
log 2. 9 6 log 4.3 6
l
=
l
l

x x
2.9 12 4.3 6 =
( )

2
x x
2. 3 4.3 6 0 =
( )

x
x 1
3 1 L
x 1
3 3
.
Thay x 1 = vo iu kin v tha iu kin. Vy nghim ca phng trnh l x 1 = .
( )

2
x 9
x log 27. log x x 4 =
i hc Hu khi D H chuyn ban nm 1999
Bi gii tham kho
Nhn xt
Trong bi gii trn, ti s dng cng thc:
vi v .
Ta c cng thc trn l do:

(ly log
b
hai v)
(lun ng).
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 104 -
iu kin: 0 x 1 < .
( )
2
9 x
x . log x. log 27 x 4 =

2
9
x log 27 x 4 =

2
3 4
x . x 4 x x 2
2 3
= = = .
( )

x 2
5 12x
log 4. log 2
12x 8

Cao ng Kinh T K Thut Cng Nghip I nm 2006
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
0 x 1 0 x 1
5 12x 5 2
0 x
12x 8 12 3
' '
1 1 < <
1 1
1 1 1 1
! !
1 1
< <
1 1
1 1
1 1 + +
.
( )
2
2
1 5 12x
. log 1
log x 12x 8

2 2
5 12x
log log x
12x 8

5 12x 1 5
x x x
12x 8 2 6
= = =
.
1
x
2
= .
( )
( )

9 3
log x log 2x 1 1 =
Cao ng S Phm Hng Yn khi D1, M nm 2006
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
x 0
x 0
2x 1 1 0
'
1
1
1

!
1

1
1+
.
( )
( )
3 3
log x log 2x 1 1 =
x 2x 1 1 =
x 2x 2 2 2x 1 =
x 2 2 2x 1 =

2
x 4x 4 8x 4 =

2
x 4x 0 x 0 x 4 = = = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 105 -
( ) ( )

2
2
2 2
log x 1 log x 2x 1 6 =
i hc Hu khi R, T H cha phn ban nm 1999
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
( )
2
2
x 1
x 1 0
x 1
x 2x 1 0
x 1 0
'
' 1 1
1
1
1 1

! !
1 1

1 1
1+
1+
.
( )
2 2
2 log x 1 log x 1 6 =

2
3log x 1 6 =

x 3
x 1 4
x 5
.
Kt hp vi iu kin, nghim ca phng trnh l: x 5 x 3 = = .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

2
2 1 2
2
1
log x 1 log x 4 log 3 x
2
=
Cao ng S Phm Hi Phng i hc Hi Phng nm 2004
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
x 1 0 x 1
4 x 3
x 4 0 x 4
x 1
3 x 0 x 3
' '
1 1

1 1
'
1 1 1 < <
1 1 1

! ! !
1 1 1
1 1 1
+
< 1 1
1 1
+ +
.
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
log x 1 log x 4 log 3 x =
( )( )

2 2
log x 1 log 3 x x 4 =
( )( )
x 1 3 x x 4 =

2
x 1 x x 12 =

2
2
2
x x 12 0
x 1 x x 12
x 1 x x 12
'
1

1
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
1 =
1
1+

4 x 3
x 1 14 x 1 14
x 11 x 11
'
1
1
1
1
1
= =
!
1
1
1 = =
1
1+

x 11 x 1 14 = = .
Kt hp vi iu kin, nghim ca phng trnh l: x 11 x 1 14 = = .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

2 3 3
1 1 1
4 4 4
3
log x 2 3 log 4 x log x 6
2
=
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 106 -
Cao ng S Phm Lai Chu khi A nm 2005
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
( )
( )
( )
2
3
3
x 2 0
x 2
4 x 0
6 x 4
x 6
'
1
1
1
' 1
1
1
1 1

! !
1 1 < <
1 1
+
1
1
1
1+
.
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1 1
4 4 4 4
1
3 log x 2 3. log 3log 4 x 3 log x 6
4
=
( ) ( )( )

1 1
4 4
log 4 x 2 log 4 x x 6 =
( )( )
4 x 2 4 x x 6 =

2
4 x 2 x 2x 24 =

2 2
4x 8 x 2x 24 4x 8 x 2x 24
x 2 0 x 2 0
' '
1 1
= =
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1 <
1 1
1 1 + +

2 2
x 6x 16 0 x 2x 32 0
x 2 x 2
' '
1 1
= =
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1 <
1 1
1 1 + +

x 2 x 8
x 1 33
x 2
x 2
'
' 1
1 = =
=
1
1 1

! !
1 1
<
1 1
+ 1+

x 2 x 1 33 = = .
Kt hp vi iu kin, nghim ca phng trnh l x 2 x 1 33 = = .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

2
3
3 3
3
2log x 1 log 2x 1 log x 1 =
thi th i hc nm 2013 THPT H Huy Tp H Tnh
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
3
x 1 0
x 1
2x 1 0
1
x
x 1 0
2
'
1
'
1 1
1 1
1 1 1

! !
1 1

1 1
1 1
1+
1
+
.
( ) ( )( ) ( )
2
3 3 3
2log x 1 x x 1 2log 2x 1 2log x 1
l
=
l
l

( )( ) ( )

2
3 3
log x 1 x x 1 log x 1 2x 1
l l
=
l l
l l

( )( ) ( )

2
x 1 x x 1 x 1 2x 1 =
( )

2
2x 1 x x 1 do : x 1 x 1 0 =
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 107 -

2 2
2x 1 x x 1 1 2x x x 1
2x 1 0 2x 1 0
' '
1 1
= =
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1 <
1 1
1 1 + +

x 0 x 1 x 2 = = = .
Kt hp vi iu kin, phng trnh c ba nghim: x 0 x 1 x 2 = = = .
( ) ( )

2
2
9 3
3
1 x 1
log x 5x 6 log log x 3
2 2
=
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
2
x 2 x 5x 6 0
x 3 x 1 0
x 3 0 x 1
' '
1 1

1 1

1 1
1 1

! !
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
+ +
Tp xc nh:
( )
D 1; \ 2; 3 = .
( )
2
3 3 3
x 1
log x 5x 6 log log x 3
2
=
( )

3 3 3
x 1
log x 2 . x 3 log log x 3
2
=

3 3 3 3
x 1
log x 2 log x 3 log log x 3
2
=

x 1
x 2
2
=
( )
( )

x 1
x 1 0
5
x
5
2 x 2 x 1
x 3
3
x 3
2 x 2 x 1
x 3
'
1
'
1 1

1 1
1 1
=
1 1 1
=
! ! =
1 1
1 1 =

1 1 =

= 1 1
1+
1
+
.
Kt hp vi tp xc nh, nghim ca phng trnh l
5
x
3
= .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

3
2012
81 243
3
1 1
log x 1 log x 3 5log 4 x 2
3 503
l
=
l
l

thi th i hc nm 2013 THPT Lng Ngc Quyn Thi Nguyn
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
x 1 0
x 2
x 3 0
x 3
x 2 0
'
1

1
'
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1
1 1
+
1
1
+
.
( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 3
log x 1 log x 3 log 4 x 2
l
=
l
l

( ) ( )

3 3
log x 1 x 3 log 4 x 2
l l
=
l l
l l

( ) ( )
x 1 x 3 4 x 2 =
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 108 -
( )( ) ( )( )

x 1 x 3 4x 8 x 1 x 3 8 4x
x 3 0 x 3 0
' '
1 1
= =
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1
1 1
1 1 + +

x 1 x 5
x 1 2 3
x 3
x 3
'
' 1
1 = =
=
1
1 1

! !
1 1

1 1
+ 1+

x 5 x 1 2 3 = = .
So vi iu kin, phng trnh c hai nghim: x 5 x 1 2 3 = = .
( ) ( ) ( )

2 3
4 8
2
log x 1 2 log 4 x log 4 x =
i hc Bch Khoa H Ni khi D nm 2000
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
( )
( )
2
3
x 1 0
x 1
4 x 0
4 x 4
4 x 0
'
1
1
1
'
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1 < <
1 1
+
1
1
1
+
Tp xc nh:
( )
D 4; 4 \ 1 = .
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
log x 1 log 4 log 4 x log 4 x =
( )( )

2 2
log 4 x 1 log 4 x 4 x =

2
4 x 1 16 x =
( ) ( )

2 2
4 x 1 16 x 4 x 1 16 x
x 1 0 x 1 0
' '
1 1
= =
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1 <
1 1
1 1 + +

( )
( )
( )
( )

x 1
x 1
x 2 24 N x 2 N
x 6 L x 2 24 L
'
' 1 <
1

1
1
1
1
1
11 1
= =
! !
1 1
1 1
1 1 = =
1 1
1+
1+

x 2 x 2 24 = = .
Vy nghim phng trnh l x 2 x 2 24 = = .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

x 1 x
5 5 5
x 1 log 3 log 3 3 log 11.3 9
=
i hc S Phm Vinh khi D, G, M nm 2000
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
x 1
x
3 3 0
11.3 9 0
'
1

1
1
!
1

1
1+
.
( ) ( ) ( )
x 1 x 1 x
5 5 5
log 3 log 3 3 log 11.3 9

=
( ) ( )

x 1 x 1 x
5 5
log 3 . 3 3 log 11.3 9
l
=
l
l

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 109 -

2x x x
3 3 11.3 9 =
( )

2
x x
3 10.3 9 0 =

x
x
3 1 x 0
x 2 3 9

= =

= =

.
So vi iu kin, nghim ca phng trnh l: x 0 x 2 = = .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

2 2 4 2 4 2
2 2 2 2
log x x 1 log x x 1 log x x 1 log x x 1 =
Hc Vin Quan H Quc T khi D nm 2000
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
2
2
4 2
4 2
x x 1 0
x x 1 0
x x 1 0
x x 1 0
'
1

1
1
1
1
1
!
1

1
1
1
1
1
+
Tp xc nh D = .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 4 2 4 2
2 2 2
log x 1 x x 1 x log x x 1 log x x 1
l l
=
l l
l l

( ) ( ) ( )

2
2 2 4 2 4 2
2 2 2
log x 1 x log x x 1 log x x 1
l
= l
l
l

( ) ( ) ( )

4 2 4 2 4 2
2 2 2
log x x 1 log x x 1 log x x 1 =
( )

4 2
2
log x x 1 0 =

4 2
x x 1 1 =

4 2
x x 0 =
x 0 x 1 = =
Vy phng trnh cho c ba nghim: x 0 x 1 x 1 = = = .
( ) ( )
( )

2 1
2
2
1
2log x log 1 x log x 2 x 2
2
=
i hc khi D nm 2013
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
( )
2
x 0 x 0
1 x 0 x 1 0 x 1
x 2 x 2 0
x 1 1 0
'
1
' 1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
< < <
! !
1 1
1 1
1 1

1 1

1+ 1
1+
.
( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2 2 2
log x log 1 x log x 1 1
l
l
=
l
l

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 110 -
( ) ( )

2
2
2 2
log x log 1 x 1 x 1
' ' l
1 1
1 1
l
=
! !
l 1 1
l 1 1 + +

( ) ( )

2
2
x 1 x 1 x 1
l
l
=
l
l

( )
1
t t 1 x = . Do 0 x 1 < < 0 t 1 < < .
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 4 3 2
x 1 t x 1 t x 1 2t t t 4t 6t 4t 1
l
= = = =
l
l
.
( ) ( )
4 3 2 2
1 t 4t 6t 4t 1 t t 1 =

4 3 2
t 5t 6t 5t 1 0 =
( )
2
Do
( )
t 0;1 nn chia hai v
( )
2 cho
2
t 0, ta c:
( )
2
2
5 1
2 t 5t 6 0
t t
=

2
2
1 1
t 5 t 6 0
t t
1 1

=

( ) ( )

( )
3
t
Cauchy
1
u t 2
t
=
2 2 2 2
2 2
1 1
u t 2 t u 2
t t
= = .
( )
( )
( )

2
u 4 N
3 u 5u 4 0 u 4
u 1 L
= =
.
( )
( )

2
t 2 3 N
1
t 4 t 4t 1 0 t 2 3
t
t 2 3 L
= = =
.
1 x 2 3 x 3 1 x 4 2 3 = = = .
So vi iu kin, nghim ca phng trnh l x 4 2 3 = .
( )

3
3 2 3 2
3 x 1
log . log x log log x
x 2
3
=
Cao ng Y T Ngh An nm 2004
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 0 .
( ) ( )
( )
3
3 3 2 3 3 2
1 1
log 3 log x . log x log x log 3 log x
2 2
=
( )

3 2 3 2
1 1 1
1 log x . log x 3log x log x
2 2 2
1

=

( )

2 2 3 3 2
1 1 1
log x log x. log x 3log x log x 0
2 2 2
=
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 111 -

2 2 3 3
1
log x log x. log x 3log x 0
2
=

2 2 3 3
log x 2log x. log x 6log x 0 =

2
2 2 3
2
6. log x
log x 2log x. log x 0
log 3
=

2 3 3
log x. 1 2 log x 6 log 2 0
l
=
l
l

2
3 3 3 3 3
log x 0 x 1
1 3 3
log x 3log 2 log 3 log 8 log x
2 8 8

= =

= = = =

.
3
x 1 x
8
= = .
( )

x
32
1 89x 25
3 log
log x 2 2x
1

=

( )

Cao ng Giao Thng Vn Ti III khi A nm 2006
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
2
x 1
0 x 1 0 x 1
5
89x 25 89x 25
x ;
0 0
2 2x 2x 89
'
1 ' '
1 1 < <
1
1 1
1
1 11 1 1
1

! ! !

1 1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1
( ) 1+ 1+
1+
.
( )
2
x x
89x 25
3 log 32 log
2x
=

2
3
x x x
89x 25
log x log 32 log
2x
=

2
3
x x
89x 25
log 32x log
2x
=

2
3
89x 25
32x
2x
=

4 2
64x 89x 25 0 =

2 2
25
x 1 x
64
= =

5
x 1 x
8
= = .
Kt hp vi iu kin, nghim ca phng trnh l:
5
x
8
= .
( )

2 2 2
4 5 20
log x x 1 . log x x 1 log x x 1
1 1 1
=

( ) ( ) ( )

i hc S Phm Vinh khi A, B nm 2001
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 112 -
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
2
2
2
x x 1 0
x x 1 0 x 1
x 1 0
'
1
1
1
1
1

!
1
1
1
1
1
+
.
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
4 20 5 20
log 20. log x x 1 . log x x 1 log x x 1 0 =
( ) ( )

2 2
20 4 5
log x x 1 . log 20. log x x 1 1 0
l
=
l
l
l

( )
( )

2
20
2
4 5
log x x 1 0
log 20. log x x 1 1 0

( )

2
2
5 20
4
x x 1 1
1
log x x 1 log 4
log 20
= =

20
2
log 4 2
x 1 x 1
x x 1 5

20
2 2
log 4 2
x 1 0
x 1 x 2x 1
x 1 5 x
'
1
1 1
!
1 =

1
1+

20
log 4
2 2 2
x 1
x 1
x 5 a
x 1 a 2ax x
'
1
1
!
1 =
1
+

'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

2
x 1
2ax a 1

( )

2
x 1
1
x a 1
2a

( )

20
20
log 4
log 4
x 1
1
x 25 1
2.5
.
So vi iu kin, nghim phng trnh l:
( )

20
20
log 4
log 4
1
x 1 x 25 1
2.5
= = .

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 113 -
C CC C Cc th d v gii bt phng trnh logarit a v cng c s
( )

3
x 2
log
x
5 1
<
Cao ng Kinh T Cng Ngh Tp. H Ch Minh khi A nm 2006
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin :
x 2
0 x 0 x 2
x
< .
( )
3
x 2 x 2 2
log 0 1 0 x 0
x x x

< < < .
( )
x 2; .
( ) ( )

2
1
2
log x 3x 2 1
Bi gii tham kho
( ) ( )
2
2
log x 3x 2 1
( )

2
2
log x 3x 2 1

2
2
x 3x 2 0 x 1 x 2 0 x 1
0 x 3 2 x 3 x 3x 2 2
' ' '
1 1 1 < <
1 1 1 1

! ! !
1 1 1 <
1 1 1
+ + 1+
.
) (
x 0;1 2; 3
l

l
l
.
( )

3
3x 5
log 1
x 1
<

Cao ng Ti Chnh Hi Quan khi A nm 2006
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
3x 5 5
0 x 1 x
x 1 3
<
.
( )
3x 5
3
x 1
<

3x 5
3 0
x 1
<

8
0
x 1
<

x 1 0 x 1 .
5
x ;
3
1

( )
.
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 114 -
( )

2
1
2
x 3x 2
log 0
x

Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
2
0 x 1
x 3x 2
0
x 2 x
< <

.
( )
2
x 3x 2
1
x

2
x 3x 2
1 0
x

2
x 4x 2
0
x

2 2 x 1
2 x 2 2
<

<
.
Kt hp vi iu kin, tp nghim bt phng trnh l
) (
x 2 2;1 2;2 2
l

l
l
.
( )

2
2
x 8x 1
log 2
x 1
1

( )

i hc Quc Gia H Ni khi B nm 1999
Bi gii tham kho
( )
2
2
x 8x 1
0
x 1
x 8x 1
4
x 1
'
1

1
1
1
1

!
1
1

1
1

1+

2
4 17 1
x 4 17
x 4x 5
0
x 1
'
1
< 1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1+

4 17 1
x 4 17
x 5
1 x 1
'
1
< 1
1
1
1
1
1

!
1

1
1
1
1

1
1+

4 17 x 5
4 17 x 1
<

<
.
Vy tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l:
( ( )
x 4 17; 5 4 17;1
l

l
l
.
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 115 -
( )

2
0,7 6
x x
log log 0
x 4
1

<

( )

Bi gii tham kho
i hc khi B nm 2008
iu kin:
2
4 x 1
x x
0
x 0 x 4
< <
.
( )
2
0,7 6 0,7
x x
log log log 1
x 4
1

<

( )

2
6
x x
log 1
x 4

2
x x
6
x 4

2
x 5x 24
0
x 4

4 x 3
x 8
< <
.
Kt hp vi i kin, tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l:
( ) ( )
x 4; 3 8; .
( ) ( ) ( )

3 1
3
2log 4x 3 log 2x 3 2
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
4x 3 0
3
x
2x 3 0 4
'
1
1

!
1
1
+
.
( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 3
log 4x 3 2 log 2x 3
( ) ( )

2
3 3
log 4x 3 log 9 2x 3
l

l
l

( ) ( )

2
4x 3 9 2x 3

2
16x 42x 18 0

3
x 3
8
.
Kt hp vi iu kin, tp nghim bt phng trnh l
3
x ; 3
4
l
(
l
.
( ) ( )

2
2 1
2
1 1
log x 4x 5 log
2 x 7
1

( )

Bi gii tham kho
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 116 -
iu kin:
( ) ( )
2
x 4x 5 0
x 7; 5 1
x 7 0
'
1

1
1

!
1
1
1+
.
( ) ( )
2
2 2
1
log x 4x 5 2log
x 7

( ) ( )

2
2
2 2
log x 4x 5 log x 7

2 2
x 4x 5 x 14x 49
10x 54

27
x
5
< .
27
x 7;
5
1

( )
.
( ) ( ) ( )

x x 2
5 5 5
log 4 144 4 log 2 1 log 2 1
<
Bi gii tham kho
( ) ( ) ( )
x x 2
5 5 5
log 4 144 log 16 log 5 2 1
l
<
l
l

( ) ( )

x x 2
5 5
log 4 144 log 80 2 1
l
<
l
l

( )

x x 2
4 144 80 2 1
<

x x
4 20.2 64 0 <

x
4 2 16 < <
2 x 4 < < .
( )
x 2; 4 .
( ) ( )
( )

2 2
5
x 1
x 4x 3 1 log 8x 2x 6 1 0
5 x

i hc Kinh T Quc Dn H Ni khi A nm 2000
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:

2
2
x 4x 3 0 x 1 x 3
x 1
2x 8x 6 0 1 x 3
x 3
x x 0
0
5
'
1
1
'
1 1

1 1

1 1 =
1 1

! !

1 1 =
1 1

1 1
1 1
+
1
1
+
.
Vi
( )
x 1 : 0 0 : = tha. Do , phng trnh c mt nghim x 1 = .
Vi
( )
5 5
3
3 1 3
x 3 : log log 0 :
5 3
5
= = khng tha do
5 5
3
3
log log 1 0
5
= .
Vy phng trnh c duy nht mt nghim l x 1 = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 117 -
( )

x
1 log 2000 2 <
i hc Nng nm 2000
Bi gii tham kho
( ) ( )

x x
2 1 log 2000 2 3 log 2000 1 < < < <
Trng hp 1:
( )
3
x 1
x 1 : x 2000
1
2000 x
x
'
1
1
1
1

!
1
< <
1
1
1+
.
Trng hp 2:
( )
3
3
0 x 1
1
0 x 1 : 0 x
1
2000 x
2000
x
'
1 < <
1
1
1
< < < <
!
1

1
1
1+
.
Vy tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l:
( )
3
1
x 0; 2000;
2000
1

( )
.
( )
( )

2
x 1
1 1
log
4 2

Cao ng S Phm Nh Tr Mu Gio TWI nm 2004
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
( )

2
0 x 1 1 x 0 x 1 x 2 < .
( )
x 1
1 1 1
log
2 4 2

( )

x 1 x 1
1
log log x 1
4

Nu x 1 1 th
( )
1 x 1 1
x 1
4
1
x 1
x 1 1
4
' '
1 1

1 1

1 1
1 1

! !
1 1
<
1 1

1 1
1 1 + +
(v l) Khng c x tha.
Nu 0 x 1 1 < < th
( )
3
1 0 x 1 1
0 x
x 1 1
4
0 x 1
4
1
5
4
x 1
0 x 1 1
x 2
4
4
' '
1 1
< <
< <
1 1
<
1 1
1 1
< <
! !
1 1
<
1 1
< <
< <
1 1
1 1 + +
.
3 5
x 0; ; 2
4 4
1 1

( ) ( )
.
( ) ( )

2
x
log 4x 5 1
i hc Dn Lp Hng Vng ban B nm 2000
Bi gii tham kho
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 118 -
iu kin:
2 x 0 x 1
1 x 0
5
4x 5 0
x
4
'
1
'
1 1

1 1 1 1

! !
1 1

1 1
1+
1
1+
Tp xc nh:

5
D ; \ 0;1
4
1

=

( )
.
( ) ( )
x
1
log 4x 5 1
2

( )

x
log 4x 5 2

2 2
0 x 1 x 1
4x 5 x 4x 5 x
' '
1 1
< <
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1

1 1
1 1 + +

1 x 5
x 1 x 5
.
Kt hp vi iu kin, tp nghim l:
( ) ( ) )
5
x ; 1 1; 0 0;1 5;
4
1

( )
.
( )
( ) ( )

2
1 x
log 1 x 1

i hc Quc Gia Tp. H Ch Minh khi B nm 2001
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
2
2
1 x 0
1 x 1
1 x 0
x 0
1 x 1
'
1

1
'
1 1 < <
1 1

! !
1 1
1 1
+
1
1
+
Tp xc nh :
( )
D 1;1 \ 0 = .
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2
1 x 1 x
log 1 x log 1 x

( )( )

2 2
1 x 1 1 x 1 x 0
( )

2 2
x x x 0

2
x x 0
0 x 1 .
Kt hp vi tp xc nh, tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l:
( )
x 0;1 .
( ) ( )

2
x
log 5x 8x 3 2
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
( )

2
0 x 1
0 x 1
3
x 0; 1;
3
5x 8x 3 0 5 x x 1
5
'
1 <
'
1 1 1 <
1 1 1 1
! !

1 1
( ) <
1 1
1+
1
1+
.
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 119 -
( )
( )

2 2
2 2
3
x 1; x 0;
5
5x 8x 3 x
5x 8x 3 x
' 1
1
1 '
1
1
1 1 1

( ) ! !
1 1

1 1
1+ <
1
1+

( )

3
x 1; x 0;
5
1 3
1 3 x ; ;
x ;
2 2
2 2
' 1
1
1 '
1
1
1
1
1
( ) 1
1 1
1 1
! !
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
( ) ( )
1 1+
( ) 1
1+

1 3 3
x ; x ;
2 5 2
1 1

( ) ( )
.
Vy tp nghim ca phng trnh l
1 3 3
x ; ;
2 5 2
1 1

( ) ( )
.
( )

x
5 x
lg
5 x
0
2 3x 1
<

i hc Lut i hc Xy Dng H Ni nm 2000
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
x
5 x
5 x 5
0
5 x
x 1 x 3
2 3x 1 0
'
1
'
1 1 < <
1 1 1

! !
1 1
1 1
+
1
1+
Tp xc nh:
( )
D 5; 5 \ 1; 3 = .
( )

x x
5 x 5 x
lg 0 lg 0
5 x 5 x
2 3x 1 0 2 3x 1 0
' '
1 1
1 1
<
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1
1 1 <
1 1
1 1 + +

x x
5 x 5 x
1 1
5 x 5 x
2 3x 1 2 3x 1
' '
1 1
1 1
<
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1
1 1
<
1 1
1 1 + +

2x 2x
0 0
5 x 5 x
x 1 x 3 1 x 3
' '
1 1
1 1
<
1 1 1 1

! !
1 1
1 1 < < <
1 1
1 1 + +

0 x 5 x 0 x 5
x 1 x 3 1 x 3
' '
1 1 < < <
1 1

! !
1 1 < < <
1 1
+ +
.
Kt hp vi tp xc nh, tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l:
( ) ( )
x 5; 0 1; 3 .
( ) ( )
2 3
1 1
2 3
log x 3 log x 3
0
x 1

( )

Cao ng S Phm Bc Ninh nm 2004
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: 3 x 1 < .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 120 -
Trng hp 1.
x 1 0
3 x 1
3 x 1
'
1 <
1
< <
!
1 <
1
+

( )
1 . Lc :
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
2 3
2log x 3 3log x 3 0 <
( ) ( )

2 3
2log x 3 3log x 3 0 <
( ) ( )

2 3 3
2 log 3. log x 3 3log x 3 0 <
( ) ( )

3 2
log x 3 . 2log 3 3 0 <
( ) ( )

3 2
log x 3 0 do : 2 log 3 3 0 <
x 3 1
x 2
( )
2
( ) ( ) ( )
1 , 2 x 2; 1
Trng hp 2.
x 1 0
1 x 1
3 x 1
'
1
1

!
1 <
1
+

( )
3 . Lc :
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
2 3
2log x 3 3log x 3 0
( ) ( )

2 3
2log x 3 3log x 3 0
( ) ( )

2 3 3
2 log 3. log x 3 3log x 3 0
( ) ( )

3 2
log x 3 . 2log 3 3 0
( ) ( )

3 2
log x 3 0 do : 2 log 3 3 0 < <
x 3 1 <
x 2 <
( )
4
( ) ( )
3 , 4 x .
( )
x 2; 1 .
Nhn xt:
Khi gii bt phng trnh loga c dng tch s hay dng thng, ta c th chia ra tng
trng hp v du ca cc thnh phn gii. C th, ta c mt s dng nh sau:
C
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )

f x 0 f x 0
f x .g x 0
g x 0 g x 0
' '
1 1
<
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1
<
1 1
1 1 + +
.
C
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )

f x 0 f x 0
f x .g x 0
g x 0 g x 0
' '
1 1
<
1 1
1 1
<
! !
1 1
<
1 1
1 1 + +
.
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 121 -
C
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )

f x f x 0 f x 0
0
g x 0 g x 0
g x
' '
1 1
<
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1
<
1 1
1 1 + +
.
C
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )

f x f x 0 f x 0
0
g x 0 g x 0
g x
' '
1 1
<
1 1
1 1
<
! !
1 1
<
1 1
1 1 + +
.
Suy lun tng t cho trng hp c du " " = nhng lu , mu s khc 0 .
( )
( )

2
1
1
3
3
1 1
log x 1
log 2x 3x 1

i hc Kinh T Tp. H Ch Minh khi A nm 1998
Nhn xt
Dng tng qut ca bi ton l
( ) ( )
a b
1 1
log f x log g x
.
Tm iu kin xc nh ca phng trnh.
Xt du cc mu thc.
Nhn hai v ca bt phng trnh vi tch cc mu thc.
Da vo bng xt du gii bt phng trnh.
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:

2
2
1
x x 1
2x 3x 1 0
2 1
1 x , x 0
3 2x 3x 1 1
2
x 0, x
2 3 x 1 0
x 1, x
x 1
2
x 1 1
x 0
'
1
1
' <
1 1

1 1
1 1
1 1 < <
1 1

1 1

! !
1 1

1 1

1 1
1 1

1 1
1 1 +

1
1+
.
( )
( )
2
3
3
1 1
log x 1
log 2x 3x 1

( )
( )

2
3
3
1 1
1
log x 1
log 2x 3x 1
<

Da vo iu kin, ta c bng xt du

x
1 0
1
2
1
3
2

( )
3
log x 1
0
2
3
log 2x 3x 1
0 0
Da vo bng xt du, ta thy:
Nu 1 x 0 : < < VT VP Bt phng trnh v nghim.
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 122 -
Nu
1
0 x : VT VP
2
< < < Bt phng trnh c tha.
Nu
3
1 x : VT VP
2
< < < Bt phng trnh c tha.
Nu
3
x
2
th
( ) ( )
2
3 3
1 log 2x 3x 1 log x 1
( ) ( )
2
3 3
1
log 2x 3x 1 log x 1
2

( ) ( )

2
2
3 3
log 2x 3x 1 log x 1
( )
2
2
2x 3x 1 x 1 x 5 .
Kt hp vi iu kin, tp nghim bt phng trnh l:
( )
1 3
x 0; 1; 5;
2 2
1 1

( ) ( )
.
( )
( )

2
1
2
2
1 1
0 1
log 2x 1
log x 3x 2

Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
( )
1 3 5
x ;1 2; \
2 2
l ' '
1 1 1

1 1 l 1 1
! !
l
1 1
( ) l
1 1
1 1 + + l
.
( )
( )
2
2
2
1 1
1 0
log 2x 1
log x 3x 2

( )
( )
2
2 2
2
2 2
log 2x 1 log x 3x 2
0
log 2x 1 . log x 3x 2

( )
( )
( )

2
2
2
2 2
2x 1
log
x 3x 2
f x 0 2
log 2x 1 . log x 3x 2

=

Xt du ca:
( )
2
log 2x 1
( )
2
1
log 2x 1 0 0 2x 1 1 x 1
2
< < < < < .
( )
2
log 2x 1 0 2x 1 1 x 1 .
Xt du ca:
2
2
log x 3x 2
Khi
2
2
log x 3x 2 0 <
2
x 3x 2 1 <
3 5 3 5
x
2 2

< < .
Khi
2
2
log x 3x 2 0
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 123 -
2
x 3x 2 1 .
3 5 3 5
x x
2 2

< .
Xt du ca:
2
2
2x 1
log
x 3x 2

2
2 2
2x 1 2x 1 1 1 13
log 0 0 1 x
2 6
x 3x 2 x 3x 2

< < < < <

.
2
2 2
2x 1 2x 1 1 13
log 0 1 x
6
x 3x 2 x 3x 2

.
Bng xt du ca
( )
f x :

x

1
2

1 13
6
1 2
3 5
2

( )
2
log 2x 1

2
2
log x 3x 2

2
2
2x 1
log
x 3x 2

( )
f x

Do , tp nghim ca
( )
2 l
1 13 3 5
x ;1 ;
6 2
1 1

( ) ( )
.

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 124 -
BI TP TNG T
1/
( )
2 2
log x log x 1 1 = . S: x 2 = .
2/
( )
3 3
log 7 2log x 2 2
l
=
l
l
. S: x 5 = .
3/
( ) ( )
2 2
log x 2 log x 2 2 = . S: x 2 2 = .
4/
( ) ( )
5 5 5
log x log x 6 log x 2 = . S: x 2 = .
5/
( ) ( )
4 4 4
log x 3 log x 1 2 log 8 = . S: x 5 = .
6/
( ) ( )
2
2 2
log x 3 log 6x 10 1 0 = . S: x 2 = .
7/
( ) ( )
2 2
5
1
log x 3 log x 1
log 2
= . S: x 2 = .
8/
( )
ln x ln x 1 0 = . S:
1 5
x
2

= .
9/
( ) ( ) ( )
2
log x 2x 3 lg x 3 lg x 1 = . S: S = .
10/ lg 5x 4 lg x 1 2 lg 0,18 = . S: x 8 = .
11/
( )
2
1
log x 10 log x 2 log 4
2
= . S: x 5 x 5 2 5 = = .
12/
5 25 0,2
log x log x log 3 = . S:
3
1
x
3
= .
13/
( )
2 1
8
log x 2 6. log 3x 5 2 = . S: x 3 = .
14/
( ) ( )
5 1
5
log x 1 log x 2 0 = . S:
13 1
x
2
= .
15/
( ) ( )
25 5 5
2log 3x 11 log x 27 3 log 8 = . S: x 37 = .
16/
3
3
5 0,2
25
log x log x log x 7 = . S: x 25 = .
17/
( ) ( ) ( )
2
5 1 5 1
5 25
log x 1 log 5 log x 2 2log x 2 = . S:
21
x
2
= .
18/
( )
2
2 2
x 5
log log x 25 0
x 5
. S: x 6 = .
19/
( ) ( )
9 3
log x 8 log x 26 2 0 = . S: x 1 x 28 = = .
i hc Dn Lp K Thut Cng Ngh khi A, B nm 1999
20/
( ) ( )
4 2 2 4
log log x log log x 2 = . S: x 16 = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 125 -
21/
( )
4 2 4
log x 3 log x 1 2 log 8 = . S: x 5 = .
22/
3 1
3
3
log x log x log x 6 = . S: x 27 = .
23/
2 4 8
log x log x log x 11 = . S: x 64 = .
24/
3 9 27
log x log x log x 11 = . S: x 729 = .
25/
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
2 2
2
log x 1 log x 1 1 log 7 x = . S: x 3 = .
26/
2 2 1
2
log x 2 log x 5 log 8 0 = . S:
3 17
x 3 x 6 x
2
= = = .
27/
1 2
2
x x
log 1 log 2 0
2 4
1

=

( )
. S: x 1 = .
28/
( )
2
9 3 3
2log x log x. log 2x 1 1 = . S: x 1 x 4 = = .
29/
( )
2
4 2 2
2log x log x. log 2x 1 1 = . S: x 1 x 4 = = .
30/
( ) ( )
2
3 3
2log x 2 log x 4 0 = . S: x 3 x 3 2 = = .
31/
( )
2
4
4 2
x
log log 4x 10 0
4
1

=

( )
. S: x 1 = .
32/
( ) ( ) ( )
2
9 3 3
log x 1 log 4 x log 4 x = . S:
61 1
x
2
1 69
x
2
.
33/
( )
3 4
1 3
3
3
log x log x log 3x 3 = . S: x 3 = .
i hc M H Ni khi A, B, R, V, D
4
nm 1999
34/
3
3 2 3 2
3 x 1
log . log x log log x
x 2
3
= . S:
3
x 1 x
8
= = .
35/
( ) ( )
2 3
4 8
2
log x 1 2 log 4 x log x 4 = . S: x 2 x 2 2 6 = = .
36/
( ) ( )
2
5 25
log 4x 13x 5 log 3x 1 0 = . S:
15 97
x
8
11 73
x
8
.
37/
( )
4 3 2 2
1
log 2log 1 log 1 3log x
2
l
=
l
l
. S: x 2 = .
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1/
2013 2014 2015
log x log x log x = . S: x 1 = .
2/
2 3 5 2 3 5
log x log x log x log x. log x. log x = . S: 2 3
2
log 5 log 5 1
log 3
x 1
x 3

.
3/
5 3 5 3
log x. log x log x log x = . S: x 1 x 15 = = .
Cao ng S Phm Kom Tum nm 2004
4/
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 3 6
log x x 1 .log x x 1 log x x 1 = . S: 6 6
log 2 log 2
x 1
3 3
x
2
.
1/
( )
x
2
log 9 2 3 x = . S: x 0 x 3 = = .
2/
( )
x 1
3
log 3 26 2 x
= . S: x 2 = .
3/
( )
x
7
log 6 7 1 x
= . S: x 0 = .
4/
( )
x 1
3
log 4.3 1 2x 1
= . S: x 0 x 1 = = .
5/
( )
( )
5
log 3 x
x
2
log 9 2 5

= . S: x 0 = .
6/
( )
x
2
log 3.2 1 2x 1 0 = . S: x 3 7 = .
7/
( )
x
2
log 12 2 5 x = . S: x 3 x 2 = = .
8/
( )
x
5
log 26 3 2 = . S: x 0 = .
9/
( )
x 1 x
2
log 5 25 2
= . S: x 0 = .
10/
( )
x 1
4
log 3.2 5 x
= . S:
2
x 0 x log 5 = = .
11/
( )
x 1 x
1
6
log 5 25 2
= . S:
5 5
x log 3 x log 2 = = .
12/
( )
x 1 x
1
5
log 6 36 2
= . S:
6
15 2 55
x log
5
= .
13/
( ) ( )
x 3 x 3
2 2
log 25 1 2 log 5 1

= . S: x 2 = .
Cao ng C Kh Luyn Kim nm 2004
1/
( )
2
5 x
log x 2x 65 2
= . S: x 5 = .
2/
( )
2
x 1
log x 4x 5 1
= . S: x 2 x 3 = = .
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3/
( )
2
x
log 5x 8x 3 2 = . S:
1 3
x x
2 2
= = .
4/
( )
3 2
x 1
log 2x 2x 3x 1 3
= . S: x 3 = .
5/
( )
x 3
log x 1 2
= . S: x 5 = .
6/
( )
x
log x 2 2 = . S: x 2 = .
7/
( )
2
2x
log x 5x 6 2 = . S:
97 5
x
6
= .
8/
( )
2
x 3
log x x 1
= . S: x 1 x 3 = = .
9/
( )
2
x
log 2x 7x 12 2 = . S: x 3 x 4 = = .
10/
( )
2
x
log 2x 3x 4 2 = . S: x 4 = .
11/
( )
2
x
log x 2 1 = . S: x 2 = .
12/
( )
2
3x 5
log 9x 8x 2 2
= . S:
23
x
22
= .
13/
( )
2
2x 4
log x 1 1
= . S: x 1 x 3 = = .
14/
x
15
log 2
1 2x
=
. S:
1
x
5
= .
15/
( ) 2
x
log 3 2x 1 = . S: x 3 = .
16/
( ) 2
x 3x
log x 3 1
= . S: x 1 = .
17/
( )
2
x
log 2x 5x 4 2 = . S: x 4 = .
18/
2
x
x
log 16 log 64 3 = . S:
3
x 4 4 = .
19/
( )
2
x 3
1
log 3 1 2x x
2
= . S:
5 3 9 29
x x
2 2

= = .
B Tuyn sinh i hc ( 88 cu III
1
)
20/
( )
( )
( )
0,25
x 3
2
2 log 4 x
log 6 1
log x 3
. S: x 1 3 = .
1/
( )
2
5
log x x 0 < . S:
1 5 1 5
x ;0 1;
2 2
1 1

( ) ( )
.
2/
2
3
2x 3
log 0
x 1
1

( )
. S:
3
x ; 4
2
l
l
l
l
.
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3/
3
x 1
log 0
x 2
. S:
( )
x 2; .
4/
2 1 9
9
log 1 log x log x 1
1

<

( )
. S:
1
x ;
3
1

( )
.
5/
( )
2
1
2
1 log 2 x x 0 . S:
( )
x 1; 0 1; 2
l

l
l
.
6/
( )
2lg 5x 5 lg 5 x 1 . S:
( )
x 3; 5 .
7/
( )
( )
3
3
3
log 35 x
3
log 5 x
. S:
( )
x 2; 3 .
8/
27 9 3
log x log x log x 11 . S:
( )
x 729; .
9/
3 4
1 3
3
3
log x log x log 3x 3 . S:
( )
x 3; .
10/
( )
3
1 1
3 3
1
log 1 x 1 log x
2
. S:
( ) ( )
x 0;1 9; .
11/
2 2 2
log x log x 1 log x 2
2 .3 .5 12

. S:
)
x 4;
.
i hc Thy Sn Nha Trang nm 1999
12/
3 1
2
log log x 0 . S:
1
x 0;
2
l
(
l
.
13/
2 1 5
3
log log log x 0 . S:
( )
3
x 0; 5 .
14/
2
0,5 6
x x
log log 0
x 4
1

<

( )
.
15/
( )
2
1 4
3
log log x 5 0
l

l
l
.
16/
( )
1 2 x 1
2
log log log 9 0
l
l
.
17/
1 2
3
1 2x
log log 0
1 x
1

( )
. S:
( )
x 0; .
18/
( )
2
1 4
3
log log x 5 0
l

l
l
.
19/
3 0,2 32
x 1
log log log 0
x 5
l 1
l

l

( )
l
l
.
20/
2
0,1 2
x 1
log log 0
x 1
<
.
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21/
( )
2 9
log 1 2log x 1 < . S:
1
x ; 3
3
1

( )
.
1/
( )
1
2
1
log 1 x
2
.
22/
( ) ( )
3 3
log 1 2x log 5x 2 . S:
2 3
x ;
5 7
l
(
l
.
23/
( ) ( )
2 2
log 3x 4 log 5 2x . S:
1 5
x ;
5 2
1

( )
.
24/
( ) ( )
5 5
log 1 x log x 3 < . S:
( )
x 1;1 .
25/
( )
0,3
log x 5 x 1 0 . S:
1 21
x ; 4
2
1

( )
.
26/
( )
1 1
3 3
log 5 x log 3 x < .
27/
2
3
1
log x 9 x 1
3
1

( )
. S:
41
x ;
3
1

( )
.
28/
( ) ( )
2
1 1
3 3
log x 4 log x 2x 2 < .
29/
( ) ( )
2 2
log x 3 1 log x 1 .
30/
( ) ( )
x 1 x 1
0,5 0,5
log 9 1 2 log 3 7

. S:
( )
x ;1 .
i hc Nng Nghip I nm 1999
31/
( )
0,4 0,4
x 7
log log 5 x
2x 3
<
.
32/
( ) ( )
7 7
log 2 x log 3x 6 . S:
( )
x 1; 2 .
33/
( ) ( )
8 1
8
2
2log x 2 log x 3
3
.
34/
( ) ( )
5
5
log 1 2x 1 log x 1 < . S:
2 14 6 1
x ;
5 2
1

( )
.
35/
3 4 1 1
3 4
4x 1 x 1
log log log log
x 1 4x 1
1
1

<

( )
( )
.
36/
2 3 0,5 0,3
x 1 x 1
log log log log
x 1 x 1
1 1

<

( ) ( )
.
37/
( ) ( )
2 2
1 5 3 1
3 5
log log x 1 x log log x 1 x .
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Page - 130 -
38/
( ) ( )
2 2
1 7 4 1
4 7
log log x 1 x log log x 1 x
1
1
<

( )

( )
.
39/
( )
2
1 3
2 2
3
27
log 9x x 3 log 3
9x x 5 x

.
40/
( )
2
3 1 1
3 3
1
log x 5x 6 log x 2 log x 3
2
. S:
( )
x 10; .
41/
( )
2
2 1
2
2
2
log x 4x 3 log 1
x 4x x 1 1

. S:
1/
2
x
log 2x 1 . S:
(
x 1;2
l
l
l
.
i hc An Giang khi D nm 2001
2/
x
1
log x 2
4
1

( )
. S:
1
x ;1
4
1

( )
.
3/
x 2
3x 1
log 0
x 1
.
4/
x
3x 2
log 1
x 2
. S:
( )
x 1; 2 .
Hc Vin Quan H Quc T khi D nm 2001
5/
x
2x 1
log 1
x 1
. S:
3 5 1 3 5
; 1;
2 2 2
1 1

( ) ( )
.
i hc Giao Thng Vn Ti nm 1995
6/
2
2
x 2x 1
1
log 2x 2x 1
2

< . S:
1 3 1 3
1; 1;
3 3
1 1

( ) ( )
.
i hc Xy Dng nm 1996
7/
( )
x
x 3
log log 9 72 1
l

l
l
. S:
(
3
x log 6 2; 2
l
l
l
.
i hc khi B nm 2002
8/
( )
x
x 4
log log 2 4 1 .
9/
( ) 2
3x x
log 3 x 1
. S:
3 5 3 5
;1 ; 3
2 2
1 1

( ) ( )
.
B Tuyn Sinh i hc ( 90 cu II)
10/
( )
2
x
5
log x 8x 16 0 .
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Page - 131 -
11/
( )
2
x
log x x 2 1 . S:
( )
x 2; .
12/
( )
2
2x
log x 5x 6 1 < . S:
( ) ( )
x 1; 2 3; 6 .
13/
x x
3
log 3 log 3 < . S:
( ) ( )
x 0;1 3; .
14/
( ) ( )
2
x x
log 3x 1 log x 1 . S:

1
x ; 2 \ 1
3
1

( )
.
15/
( ) ( ) 2
x 1
x 1
log x 1 log x 1

.
16/
( )
2
x
log 5x 8x 3 2 . S:
1 3 3
x ; ;
2 5 2
1 1

( ) ( )
.
17/
( ) 2
2
9x
log 6 2x x 4 .
18/
x
log 20 x 1 .
19/
( )
2
x 1
log x x 6 0
.
20/
( )
x
2
2x
5
log 0
5 1 x
.
21/
( )
x
4x 1
log 0
6 x 1
<
.
22/
2
x
x
log x 1
2
1

( )
.
23/
2
x
4x 5 1
log
2 x 2
. S:
(
)
x 2; 5 6 1; 2
l

l
l

.
24/
3
x
x 5
1
log
6x 3
. S:
( ) )
x 0;1 11;
.
25/
( ) 2
3x x
log 3 x 1
. S:
3 5 3 5
;1 ;
2 2
1 1

( ) ( )
.
26/
( )
x 1 x 2 x
log 2 log 2

. S:
2 3 3
x 0;
3
1

( )
.
1/
2 3 2 3
log x log x 1 log x. log x < . S:
( ) ( )
x 0;2 3; .
i hc Ngoi Thng nm 1998
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2/
( )
2
1
2014
x log x x 1 0 . S:
( )
x ; 1 .
3/
( )
2
1
2
x 4 log x 0 . S:
( )
x 1; 2 .
4/
( )
2
log x 1
0
x 1
. S:
( ) ( )
x 1; 0 1; .
5/
( )
2
log x 1
0
x 3
. S:
)
x 2; 3
.
6/
( )
2
2
1
2
x 4
0
log x 1
<
.
7/
( )
2
2
log x 3
0
x 25
.
8/
( ) ( )
4
x 1 log x 4 0 < .
9/
( ) ( )
1
7
x 3 log x 8 0 .
10/
( )
1
2
1 log x
0
2 6x

<
.
11/
( )
2
x 5
0
log x 4 1

. S:
( )
x 5 x 4 2; = .
12/
( )
2
2
x 4x log 1 x 3 0
l
<
l
l
.
13/
2
3
x 1
4 x . 2 log 0
x
1

( )
.
14/
( ) ( )
2
3
4x 16x 7 log x 3 0 . S:
( )
7
x 3; 4;
2
1

( )
.
i Hc Kinh T Quc Dn nm 1999
15/
( ) ( )
x x
2
4 12.2 32 log 2x 1 1 . S:
(
x ;1 2; 3
l l

l l
l l
.
Hc Vin Quan H Quc T nm 1998
16/
( ) ( )
2
25 5 1
5
1
2log x 1 log . log x 1
2x 1 1
1

( )

. S: x 2; 5
l
l
l
.
i hc Kin Trc H Ni nm 1999 (h cha phn ban)
17/
( )
4
4
1 1
x 1 log x 3
log
x 2
.
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18/
( )
2
3
3
1 1
log x 1
log 2x 3x 1

. S:
( )
3
x 1; 0 ; 5
2
1

( )
.
i hc Nng Nghip I nm 1995
19/
x 2 x x 1
log 2 log 2

. S:
1
x
4
2 3
0 x 1
3
<
.
Hc Vin K Thut Qun S nm 1998
20/
( )
2
2
2
log x 3
0
x 4x 5

.
21/
( )
( )
3
2
log x 2
0
log x 3
<
.
22/
2
2
2
log x 3
2
log x 3
. S:
1 1
x ;
8 2
1

( )
.
23/
( )
1
3
2
3
3 log 15 2x
0
1
log 2x
2

.
24/
( )
( )
2
lg x 1
1
lg 1 x
<
.
25/
3
2
7
4
log x
5
0
7
log x 2x
16
1

( )
<
1

( )
.
26/
( ) ( )
8
2 2
2 3
2
log x 2x 7 log x 2x 7
0
3x 13x 4

.
27/
( ) ( )
2 3
2 2
5 11
2
0
3x 5x 2

. S:
( )
( )
)
; 2 2;2 15 6;
.
28/
( ) ( )
2 3
2 3
2
log x 1 log x 1
0
x 3x 4

. S:
( ) ( )
x 1; 0 4; .
29/
( ) ( )
2
1 1
7 7
log 3x 8 log x 4
0
10 x

.
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30/
( )
2
x 4 2
log 8 log x log 2x 0 . S:
( )
1
x 0; 1;
2
l
l

l
(
l
.
( )
4 2
2x 1
1 1
log x 1 log x 2
log 4 2
= .
S:
5
x
2
= .
x 2x
2x
log 2 2log 4 log 8 = .
S: x 2 = .
( ) ( )
3
1 8
2
2
log x 1 log 3 x log x 1 0 = .
S:
17 1
x
2
= .
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 1 4 1
4 2
log x log x 2x 1 log x 4x 4 log x 1 0 = .
S: x 4 = .
( ) ( ) 3
5
5
2log 3x 1 1 log 2x 1 = .
thi th i hc nm 2013 khi B, D THPT Sm Sn Thanh Ha
S: x 2 = .
( ) ( ) ( )
8
4 8
2
1 1
log x 3 log x 1 3log 4x
2 4
= .
thi th i hc nm 2013 ln 1 THPT C Huy Cn H Tnh
S: x 3 x 2 3 3 = = .
( ) ( )
2
3
3
log x 1 log 2x 1 2 = .
thi th i hc nm 2011 THPT Long Chu Sa Ph Th
S: x 2 = .
( ) ( )
2 3
9 27
3 3
log x 1 log 2 log 4 x log x 4 = .
thi th i hc 2009 khi A THPT Nguyn Trung Ngn
S: x 2 x 2 2 6 = = .
( ) ( ) ( )
2 3
2 1 8
2
1
log x 1 log x 4 log 3 x
2
= .
thi th i hc nm 2010 THPT B H Bc Giang
S: x 11 x 14 1 = = .
Bi tp 68. Gii phng trnh: log log log
2 3
1 81 9
3
x 20 x 40 x 7 0 = .
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thi th i hc nm 2013 khi A, A
1
S GD & T Vnh Phc
S: x 3 = .
( )
( )
2
4
3 4x 2
2
1
log 9 4x 2
log 3 4x
.
S:
1
x
2
= .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
1 2 2x 1 2 2
2
2
log 5 2x log 5 2x .log 5 2x log 2x 5 log 2x 1 .log 5 2x
= .
thi th ln 1 khi A, B nm 2011 THPT Nguyn Trung Thin
S:
1 1
x x x 2
4 2
= = = .
( ) ( )
2 2
log 3x 1 6 1 log 7 10 x .
thi th i hc nm 2012 Thy Vn Ph Quc i hc Qung Nam
S:
369
x 1;
49
l
l
l
l
.
( )
2 2
2 2
log x 3 x 1 2 log x 0 .
i hc Y H Ni nm 2001
S:
( )
x 0;1 .
( )
2
2
1 2
2
1 1
log 2x 3x 1 log x 1
2 2
.
thi th i hc nm 2013 khi D ln 2 THPT Ninh Giang Hi Dng
S:
1 1
x ;
3 2
l
l
l
l
.
( )
x
x 3
log log 9 72 1
l

l
l
.
thi th i hc nm 2011 THPT Lin H H Ni
S:
(

9
x log 72; 2
l
l
l
.
( )
x x
3
log 16 2.12 2x 1 .
thi th i hc nm 2009 ln 2 THPT Cao Lnh 2 ng Thp
S:
4
3
x 1; log 3
1

( )
.
( )
2
2 1
2
1
log 4x 4x 1 2x 2 (x 2)log x
2
1

( )
.
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Page - 136 -
thi th i hc nm 2011 THPT Lng Ti 2 Bc Ninh
S:
( )
1 1
x ; 0 ;
4 2
1

( )
.
( ) ( )
2 2
1 5 3 1
3 5
thi th i hc nm 2011 khi A, B THPT chuyn L Qu n ln 2
S:
12
x 0;
5
1

( )
.
( ) ( )
2 2
2
1 log x log x 2 log 6 x .
thi th i hc nm 2010 ln 1 khi D THPT Phan Chu Trinh Nng
S:
( ) ( )
x ; 18 2; .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2
x 3 log x 2 x 3 log x 11 2
l
<
l
l
.
HSG tnh Hng Yn Khi 12 nm hc 2008 2009
1 2
3
2x 3
log log 0
x 1
1

( )
.
thi th i hc s 1 nm 2013 khi A Tui tr online
S:
( )
x ; 2 .
( ) ( )
2 2
1 5 3 1
3 5
thi th i hc nm 2010 khi A, B ln 2 THPT chuyn L Qu n
S:
12
x 0;
5
1

( )
.
( ) ( )
3
3 1 1
3 3
1
log x x 4 log 2 x 1 log
2
.
thi th i hc nm 2013 ln 1 THPT L Hu Trt
S: x 0;1
l
l
l
.
( ) ( )
2 3
3 4
2
log x 1 log x 1
0
x 5x 6

.
thi th i hc khi B, D nm 2011 THPT L Vn Hu Thanh Ha
S:
( )
x 0; 6 .
( ) ( )
2
2 2
5 11
2
0
2 5x 3x

.
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 137 -
S:
( )
( )
)
x ; 2 2; 2 15 6;
.
( )
x 1
x x
2
2
4 2.2 3 . log x 3 4 4x
.
thi th i hc nm 2010 THPT Chuyn HSP H Ni
S:
( )
2
1
x 0; log 3;
2
1

( )
.
( )
( )
2
2
2
log x 9x 8
2
log 3 x

<
.
i hc Tng Hp nm 1994
S:
1
x ;1
3
1

( )
.
( )
2
lg x 3x 2
0
lg x lg2

.
S:
1 33 3
x ;
2 6
1

( )
.
( )
2
x 3
log 5x 18x 16 2 .
i hc Thng Mi nm 1997
S:
3
x 8 x 1
3
< < .

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 138 -

I L THUYT C BN
Thng thng, ta i tm mi lin h gia bin t n ph, a v phng trnh (bt phng trnh)
i s hoc h phng trnh i s m bit cch gii. T , tm ra c nghim.
Sau khi t n ph, ta cn i tm iu kin cho n ph, tc l i tm min xc nh cho bi ton mi.
Ty vo mc ch ca n ph m ta phi i tm iu kin cho hp l (d, khng gy sai st), chung
qui, ta c hai cch tm iu kin: tm iu kin ng v tm iu kin tha.
II CC TH D
C CC C Cc th d v gii phng trnh logarit bng cch t n ph
( )

2
2 2
log x 4 log x 3 0 =
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 0 .
t
2
t log x = .
( )
2
t 4t 3 0 =

2
2
t log x 1
t log x 3
= =
= =

x 2
x 8
.
So vi iu kin, phng trnh c hai nghim: x 2 x 8 = = .
( )

1 2
1
5 log x 1 log x
=

Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
5
1
x 0 x 0 x 0
5 log x 0 log x 5 x 10
log x 1 0 log x 1 1
x 10
10
'
1
1
' '
1 1 1

1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1

! ! !
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
+ + =
1
1
+
.
t t log x = .
( )
1 2
1
5 t 1 t
=

2
t 5t 6 0 =
Dng 2. Gii phng trnh logarit bng cch t n ph
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 139 -

t log x 3
t log x 2
= =
= =

3
2
x 10 1000
x 10 100
= =
= =
.
( )

x 4
7
log 2 log x 0
6
=
i hc Ngoi Ng nm 1999 (h cha phn ban)
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: 0 x 1 < .
( ) ( )

2
2
1 1 7
log x 0 1
log x 2 6
=
t
2
t log x 0 = .
( )
1 t 7
1 0
t 2 6
=

2
3t 7t 6 0 =

2
2
2
t log x
3
t log x 3
= =

= =

2
3
3
1
x 2
4
x 8
= =
.
3
1
x x 8
4
= = .
( ) ( )

3 9x
3
4
2 log x . log 3 1
1 log x
=

Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
1
0 x
9
x 3
'
1
1
<
11
!
1
1
1
1+
.
( )
3
3 3
2 log x 4
1
log 9x 1 log x

( )

3
3 3
2 log x 4
1 1
2 log x 1 log x
=

t
3
t log x, t 2, t 1 = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 140 -
( )
2 t 4
1 1
2 t 1 t
=

2
t 3t 4 0 =

3
3
t log x 1
t log x 4
= =
= =

4
1
x
3
x 3 81
= =
.
1
x x 81
3
= = .
( )

2 2
3 3
log x log x 1 5 0 =
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 0 .
t
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3
t log x 1 1 t log x 1 log x t 1 = = = .
( )
2
t t 6 0 =
( )

2
3
2
3
t log x 1 3 L
t log x 1 2
= =
= =

2
3
log x 1 4 =

3
log x 3 =

3
x 3
= .
Vy phng trnh c hai nghim:
3 3
x 3 x 3
= = .
( )

2
2
2 log x
x 8
=
Cao ng Kinh T Tp. H Ch Minh nm 2006
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 0 v x 1 .
( )
2
2 x
2 log x log 8 =

2
2 x
log x 3. log 2 2 0 =

2
2
2
1
log x 3. 2 0
log x
=

2
2
t log x 0
3
t 2 0
t
'
1 =
1
11
!
1
=
1
1
1+

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 141 -

2
3
t log x 0
t 2t 3 0
'
1 =
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

2
t log x 1 = =
x 2 = .
So vi iu kin, phng trnh c mt nghim x 2 = .
( )

3
3
2 2
4
log x log x
3
=
i hc Cng on nm 2000
iu kin:
3
x 0
x 0
x 0
'
1

1
1

!
1

1
1+
Tp xc nh:
( )
D 0; = .
( )
3
2 2
1 4
log x log x 0
3 3
=

3
3
2 2
3
t log x t log x
1 4
t t 0
3 3
'
1
= =
1
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
1+

3
2
log x t
t 1
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
x 2 = .
So vi tp xc nh, nghim ca phng trnh l x 2 = .
( ) ( ) ( )

2
2
4 4 4
2log x x 3 log x 1 2log x 4 =
thi th i hc khi A ln 3 nm 2013 THPT L Thi T Bc Ninh
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
( )

2
2
4
x x 0
x 1, x 0 x 2
log x 1 0
'
1
1

1
1
1

!
1
1
1
1
1+
.
( ) ( ) ( )
4 4 4
2log x x 1 3 2log x 1 2log x 4 0
l
=
l
l

( ) ( )

4 4 4 4
2 log x log x 1 3 2log x 1 2log x 4 0
l
=
l
l

( ) ( )

4 4
2log x 1 3 2log x 1 4 0 =
( ) ( )

2
4 4
2
t 2log x 1 0 t 2log x 1
t 3t 4 0
'
1
= = 1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

( )

4
t 2log x 1 0
t 1 t 4
'
1
= 1
1
!
1
= =
1
1+

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 142 -
( )

4
2log x 1 1 =
( )

4
2log x 1 1 =
( )

4
1
log x 1
2
=

1
2
x 1 4 =
x 3 = .
So vi iu kin, phng trnh c nghim x 3 = .
( ) ( ) ( )

x x 1
2 2
log 2 1 . log 2 2 2
=
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( ) ( ) ( )
x x
2 2
log 2 1 . log 2.2 2 2 =
( ) ( )

x x
2 2
log 2 1 . log 2. 2 1 2
l
=
l
l

( ) ( )

x x
2 2
log 2 1 . 1 log 2 1 2
l
=
l
l

( ) ( ) ( )

2
x x
2 2
log 2 1 log 2 1 2 0 1
l
=
l
l

t
( )
x
2
t log 2 1 = .
( )
2
1 t t 2 0 =
( )
( )

x
2
x
2
t log 2 1 1
t log 2 1 2
= =

= =

x
x 2
2 1 2
2 1 2

( )

x
x
2 1
3
2 L
4

x 0 = .
( ) ( ) ( )

x x 1
2 2
log 2 1 . log 2 2 6
=
Cao ng Ha Cht nm 2004
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( ) ( ) ( )
x x
2 2
log 2 1 . log 2. 2 1 6
l
=
l
l

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 143 -
( ) ( )

x x
2 2
log 2 1 . 1 log 2 1 6 0
l
=
l
l

( )
( )

x
2
t log 2 1 0
t 1 t 6 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

2
t 0
t t 6 0
'
1
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

( )

t 0
t 2 t 3 L
'
1
1
1
!
1 = =
1
1+

t 2 =
( )

x
2
log 2 1 2 =

x
2 1 4 =

x
2 3 =

2
x log 3 = .
Vy phng trnh c nghim duy nht l
2
x log 3 = .
( ) ( ) ( )

x x 1
3 3
log 3 1 . log 3 3 2
=
Cao ng Kinh T K Thut Ngh An khi A nm 2006
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
( ) ( ) ( )
x x
3 3
log 3 1 . log 3. 3 1 2
l
=
l
l

( ) ( )

x x
3 3
log 3 1 . 1 log 3 1 2
l
=
l
l

( )
( )

x
3
t log 3 1 0
t. t 1 2
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

( )

x
3
2
t log 3 1 0
t t 2 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

( )

x
3
t log 3 1
t 1 t 2
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
= =
1
1+

( )

x
3
log 3 1 1 =

x
3 1 3 = .

3
x log 2 = .
Vy nghim ca phng trnh l
3
x log 2 = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 144 -
( ) ( ) ( )

2 3
4 2
lg x 1 lg x 1 25 =
i hc Y H Ni nm 2000
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
( )
( )
2
3
x 1 0 x 1 0
x 1
x 1 0
x 1 0
'
1
'
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1
1 1
+
1
+
Tp xc nh
( )
D 1; = .
( ) ( )
4 2
2lg x 1 3lg x 1 25 0
l l
=
l l
l l

( ) ( )

4 2
16lg x 1 9lg x 1 25 0 =
( )

2
2
16t 9t 25 0
t lg x 1 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

( )
( )

2
25
t 1 t L
16
t lg x 1 0
'
1
1
= =
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+

( )

2
lg x 1 1 =
( ) ( )
lg x 1 1 lg x 1 1 = =

11
x 11 x
10
= =
Kt hp tp xc nh, phng trnh c hai nghim:
11
x 11 x
10
= = .
( )

2 2
0,5 2 x
log x log x log 4x =
Cao ng S Phm Vnh Phc khi B nm 2006
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: 0 x 1 < .
( ) ( )
2
2 2 x x
log x 2log x log 4 log x =

2
2 2
4
1
log x 2log x 1 0
log x
=

2
2 2
2
2
log x 2log x 1 0
log x
=

2
3 2
t log x 0
t 2t t 2 0
'
1 =
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

2
t log x 0
t 1 t 1 t 2
'
1 =
1
!
1 = = =
1
+

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 145 -

2 2 2
log x 1 log x 1 log x 2 = = =

1 1
x 2 x x
2 4
= = = .
So vi iu kin, nghim ca phng trnh l
1 1
x x x 2
4 2
= = = .
( )

9 x
4 log x log 3 3 =
i hc Dn lp K Thut Cng Ngh nm 1998
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: 0 x 1 < Tp xc nh:
( )
D 0; \ 1 = .
( )
3
3
1
2log x 3 0
log x
=

3
2
t log x 0
2t 3t 1 0
'
1 =
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

3
3
t log x 1
1
t log x
2
= =
= =

x 3
x 3
.
So vi tp xc nh, nghim ca phng trnh l x 3 x 3 = = .
( ) ( )

2
x x 2
log 2 x log x 2
=
i hc Nng Nghip I khi B nm 2001
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: 0 x 1 < .
( ) ( )
x
x 2
1
log 2 x log x 2
2

=

x
x
1
log x 2 2 0
log x 2
=

x
t log x 2 0
1
t 2 0
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
1+

x
2
t log x 2 0
t 2t 1 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

x
t log x 2 1 = =
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 146 -
x 2 x =

2
x 0
x 2 x
'
1
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

2
x 0
x x 2 0
'
1
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

x 2 = .
( )

3
2
2x
2x
1
log x log x
2
=
thi th i hc ln 1 nm 2013 THPT Trn Ph H Tnh
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
3
1 4
0 x; x ; x
2 2
< .
( )
2 3
x x
1 1 1
2 log 2x log 2x
= (do x 1 = khng l nghim phng trnh)
( )

2
x
x
1 1 1
3 log 2 2
1 log 2
=

( )
( )

x
2
t log 2, t 1, t 3
1 1 1
3 t 2
1 t
'
1
=
1
1
1
1
!
=
1
1

1

1
1+

( )

x
3 2
t log 2, t 1, t 3
t 3t t 5 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

2
t log x 1 = =
x 2 = .
( )
( ) ( ) ( )

2 2
2x 3 3x 7
log 9 12x 4x log 6x 23x 21 4

=
i hc Kinh T Quc Dn nm 2001
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
( )
( )( )
2
2
7
2 x
1 3x 7 0
3
3 1 2x 3 0
3
1 x
1 x
2
9 12x 4x 0
2
2x 3 0
6x 23x 21 0
2x 3 3x 7 0
'
1
1
'
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1

1 1
1 1 +
1
1
+
.
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 147 -
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )( )
2
3x 7 2x 3
log 2x 3 log 2x 3 3x 7 4

=
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )

3x 7 2x 3 2x 3
2 log 2x 3 log 2x 3 log 3x 7 4

=
( )
( )
( )
( )

3x 7
3x 7
1
2log 2x 3 3 0
log 2x 3

( )
( )

3x 7
t log 2x 3 0
1
2t 3 0
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
1+

( )
( )

3x 7
2
t log 2x 3 0
2t 3t 1 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

( )
( )
( )
( )

3x 7 3x 7
1
t log 2x 3 1 t log 2x 3
2

= = = =
2x 3 3x 7 3x 7 2x 3 = =
( )

2
2x 3 0
x 4 L
9 12x 4x 3x 7
'
1
1
1
=
!
1 =
1
1+

3
x
2
1
x 2 x
4
'
1
1

1
1
1
!
1
1
= =
1
1
1+
1
x
4
= .
1
x
4
= .
C CC C Cc th d v gii bt phng trnh logarit bng cch t n ph
( )

5 x
2log x log 125 1 <
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: 0 x 1 < .
( )
5
125
1
2 log x 1 0
log x
<

5
5
3
2log x 1 0
log x
<

5
2
t log x 0
2t t 3
0
t
'
1 =
1
1
1
!

1
<
1
1
1+

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 148 -

5
t log x
3
t 1 0 t
2
'
1 =
1
11
!
1
< < <
1
1
1+

5 5
3
log x 1 0 log x
2
< < <

1
x 1 x 5 5
5
< < < .
( )
1
x 0; 1; 5 5
5
1

( )
.
( )

3 3x
log x log 27 3
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
1
0 3x 1 0 x
3
< < .
( )
( )
3
3
3
log 27
log x 3
log 3x

( )

3
3
3
log x 3 1
1 log x

t
3
t log x 1 = .
( )
3
1 t 3
1 t

2
t 2t
0
1 t

( )( )

2
t 1
t 2t 1 t 0
'
1
1
1
!
1
1
1+

t 1
0 t 2

3
3
log x 1
0 log x 2
<

3 3
3 3 3
1
log x log
3
log 1 log x log 9
<

1
x
3
1 x 9
<

.
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 149 -
So vi iu kin, tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l
1
x 0; 1; 0
3
1

l

l
l

( )
.
( ) ( )

2 x 1
5
log x 1 log 2
2

Cao ng SP H Nam khi B nm 2005 Cao ng SP Lai Chu khi B nm 2005
iu kin:
x 1 0 x 1
x 1 1 x 0
' '
1 1
1 1
! !
1 1
1 1
+ +
.
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
1 5
log x 1 0
2 log x 1

( )

2
t log x 1 0
1 5
t 0
t 2
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1

1
1
1+

( )

2
2
t log x 1 0
2t 5t 2 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1

1
1+

( )

2
t log x 1 0
1
t t 2
2
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1

1
1
1+

( ) ( )

2 2
1
log x 1 log x 1 2
2

( ) ( )

2 2
1
log x 1 log x 1 2
2

1
2
2
x 1 2 x 1 2
x 2 1 x 3 .
Kt hp vi iu kin, tp nghim l:
( )
( )
x 1; 2 1 3; \ 0 .
( ) ( )

x
x
4 1
4
3 1 3
log 3 1 . log
16 4

Cao ng S Phm Vnh Phc khi A nm 2006
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
x x
3 1 0 3 1 x 0 .
( ) ( ) ( )
x x
4 4 4
3
log 3 1 . log 3 1 log 16 0
4
l

l
l

( ) ( )

2 x x
4 4
3
log 3 1 2log 3 1 0
4

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 150 -
( )

x
4
2
t log 3 1
4t 8t 3 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1

1
1+

( )

x
4
t log 3 1
1 3
t t
2 2
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
1
1
1+

( ) ( )

x x
4 4
1 3
log 3 1 log 3 1
2 2

x x
3 1 2 3 1 8

x x
3 3 3 9
x 1 x 2 .
( )
x 0;1 2;
l

l
l
.
( )

2
2
2
log x 3
2
log x 3

Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
2 2
x 0
x 0 x 0
1
log x 3 0 log x 3
x
8
'
1
' '
1 1 1
1 1 1 1

! ! !
1 1 1

1 1 1
+ +
1
1+
.
( )
2
2
2
log x 3
2 0
log x 3

2
2 2
2
log x 2log x 3
0
log x 3

2
2
t log x
t 2t 3
0
t 3
'
1 =
1
1
1
!

1

1
1

1+

2
t log x
3 t 1 t 3
'
1 =
1
!
1 < <
1
+

2 2
3 log x 1 log x 3 < <

1 1
x x 8
8 2
< <
( )
1 1
x ; 8;
8 2
1

( )
.
( )

2 2x
log x log 8 4
i hc Y Thi Bnh nm 2000
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 151 -
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
x 0
1
0 x
0 2x 1 2
'
1
1
<
!
1 <
1
+
Tp xc nh:
( )
1
D 0; \
2
' '
1 1
1 1
=
! !
1 1
1 1 + +
.
( )
2
8
1
log x 4 0
log 2x

( )

2
2
1
log x 4 0
1
1 log x
3

2
2
t 3t 1
0
t 1
t log x
'
1

1
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+

2
3 13 3 13
t 1 t
2 2
t log x
'
1

1
1 <
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+

2
2
log x 1
3 13 3 13
log x
2 2
<

3 13 3 13
2 2
1
x 2 x 2
2

< .
Kt hp vi tp xc nh, tp nghim ca h l
3 13 3 13
2 2
1
x 0; 2 ; 2
2
1
1

( )
( )
.
Th d 214. Gii v bin lun bt phng trnh:
( )

2 2
a a a
a a
1
log log x log log x log 2
2

i hc Nng Nghip I khi A nm 2001
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 0 .
C s a phi tha mn iu kin: 0 a 1 < .
( )
a a a a a
1 1 1
log . log x log log x log 2
2 2 2
1

( )

a a a a a a
1 1 1
log log log x log log x log 2
2 2 2

a a a a
1 3 1
log log log x log 2
2 2 2

a a a
3 3
log log x log 2
2 2

( )

a a a
log log x log 2
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 152 -
Nu
( )
2
a
0 a 1 : 0 log x 2 a x 1 < < < < .
Nu
( )
2
a
a 1 : log x 2 x a .
( )

2 3 2 3
log x log x 1 log x. log x <
i hc Ngoi Thng khi D nm 1998
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 0 Tp xc nh:
( )
D 0; = .
( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
log x log x
log x 1 log x. 0
log 3 log 3
<

2
2
2 2
t log x
t t
t 1 0
log 3 log 3
'
1 =
1
1
1
!
1 <
1
1
1+

( )

2
2
2 2
t log x
t 1 log 3 t log 3 0
'
1 =
1
1
!
1
1
1+

2
2
t log x
t 1 t log 3
'
1 =
1
!
1 <
1
+

2 2 2
log x 1 log x log 3 <
x 2 x 3 < .
Kt hp vi tp xc nh, tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l
( ) ( )
x 0; 2 3; .
( ) ( ) ( )

2 2
9 3
log 3x 4x 2 1 log 3x 4x 2
i hc S Phm Tp. H Ch Minh khi A, B nm 2000
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
2
3x 4x 2 0, x Tp xc nh: D = .
t
( )
2
3
t log 3x 4x 2 , = lc :
( )
1
t 1 t
2

1
t t 1
2

( )

2
t 1 0 t 1 0
1 1
t 0 t t 1
2 2
' '
1 1 <
1 1
1 1 1 1

! !
1 1

1 1
1 1
1 1 + +

0 t 2 <
( )

2
3
0 log 3x 4x 2 2 <
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 153 -

2
2
3x 4x 2 1
3x 4x 2 9
'
1

1
1
!
1
<
1
1+

2
2
3x 4x 1 0
3x 4x 7 0
'
1

1
1
!
1
<
1
1+

1 7
x 1 x 1
3 3
< < .
7 1
x ; 1 ;1
3 3
l 1

l

l

( )
l
.
( ) ( ) ( )

2
1 1
2 2
x 1 log x 2x 5 . log x 6 0
i hc Lut H Ni i hc Dc H Ni nm 2001
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 0 Tp xc nh
( )
D 0; = .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

2
2 2
x 1 log x 2x 5 log x 6 0 1
t
2
t log x = .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

2
1 x 1 .t 2x 5 .t 6 0 2
Lp
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2
2x 5 24 x 1 4x 4x 1 2x 1 = = = .
( ) ( )

1 2
2x 5 2x 1 2x 5 2x 1 3
t 2 t
x 1 2 x 1 2 x 1

= = = =

.
Xt:
1 2
3 2x 1
t t 2
x 1 x 1
= =

x 1 0
1
2

1 2
t t
0 0
Nu
1 2 1 2
1
0 x t t 0 t t ,
2
< < < lc tp nghim ca
( )
2 l :
( )
( )

2
2 1
2 2
2
log x 2 a
t log x t
3
t log x t
log x b
x 1

Do , khi
1
0 x
2
< th
( )
a tha
( )
, b khng tha nn tp nghim
( )
2 l
1
0;
2
l
(
l

( )
3
Nu
1 2 2 1
1
x t t 0 t t ,
2
< lc tp nghim ca
( )
2 l
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 154 -
2
2 1
2 2
2
log x 2 x 4
t log x t
3 1
t log x t
log x x 2
x 1 2

=
<

Do , khi
1
x
2
th tp nghim ca
( )
2 l
)
1
; 2 4;
2
l
l

l
(
l

( )
4
T
( ) ( )
3 , 4 Tp nghim ca phng trnh l:
( )
x 0; 2 4;
l

l
l
.
BI TP TNG T
1/
2 2
4 4
4 log x 2log x 1 0 = . S:
1
x
2
= .
2/
2
2 4
1
log x 2log 0
x
= . S: x 1 x 2 = = .
3/
3 2
log x 2log x 2 log x = . S:
1
x x 10 x 100
10
= = = .
4/
2
2 2
log x 4log x 3 0 = . S: x 2 x 8 = = .
5/
2
2 1
2
2
log x 3 log x log x 2 = . S:
1
x x 2
2
= = .
6/
2
2
1 2
2
x
log 4x log 8
8
= . S:
1
x x 2
128
= = .
7/
( ) ( )
2
2 1
4
log 2 x 8 log 2 x 5 = . S:
63
x 0 x
32
= = .
8/
2
5 25
log x 4 log 5x 5 0 = . S:
1
x 5 x
125
= = .
9/
( ) ( )
2
2
2 2
log x 1 5 log x 1 = . S:
4
3
x x 1 2 2
2
= = .
10/
( ) ( )
2
2
1 4
2
4
x 31
3log 8x 2log 4x log
2 2
= . S:
1
x
2
= .
11/
2 3
2
1 4 2
4
x x 3
2log log 8x 3log
4 16 2
= . S: x 4 = .
12/
( ) ( )
2
2 2
9 9
3
x
log 2log 3x log 27x 8
3
= . S: x 3 = .
13/
( ) ( )
x x 1
3 3
log 3 1 . log 3 3 6
= . S:
3 3
x log 10 x log 28 = = .
14/
( ) ( )
5 3
3
log x 2 . log x 2log x 2 = . S: x 3 x 5 = = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 155 -
15/
( ) ( )
x x 1
2 2
log 2 1 . log 2 2 2
= . S: x 0 = .
1/
1 2
1
4 lg x 2 lg x
=

. S: x 10 x 100 = = .
2/
1 3
1
5 lg x 3 lg x
=

. S: x 10 x 1000 = = .
3/
2 2
1 2
1
4 log x 2 log x
=

. S:
1 1
x x
2 4
= = .
4/
2lg x 2
lg x
lg x 1 lg x 1
=

. S:
1
x 10 x
100
= = .
5/
3
3 4
2 4 26
1 log x 3 2 log 16x
=

. S: x 9 = .
6/
( )
3 2
4 2
1 2
1 0
2 log 16x 3 log 4x
=

. S:
1
x
2
= .
7/
1 1
3 3
log x 2 3 log x 1 = . S:
1
x
9
= .
1/
5 x
1
2log x 2 log
5
= . S: x 5 = .
2/
7 x
1
log x log 2
7
= . S: x 7 = .
3/
2
9
x
log 3 log x 1 = . S: x 3 = .
4/
( ) ( )
x 9 2 3
27
log 9x log log 3x 3 0
x
= . S:
1
x
3
= .
5/
( ) ( )
2
4 x
11
log 4x log 8x
2
= . S: x 4 = .
6/
( )
2 2
2 4x
x 57
log 3log 8x
16 4
= . S: x 4 = .
7/
( ) ( )
2
3 x
1 21
3log 9x log 3x
2 2
= . S: x 3 = .
8/
( ) ( ) 2
2
25
x
log 125x 2 log 5x 5 = . S: x 5 = .
9/
( )
2 2
1 2 x
4
log x log x log 4x = . S:
1 1
x 2 x x
2 4
= = = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 156 -
10/
3 2
x x x
log 10 log 10 6log 10 0 = . S:
3
1
x 10 x
10
= = .
11/
2
x x
log 5 5 1, 25 log 5 = . S:
5
x 5 x 5 = = .
12/
( ) ( )
x 2 x
2 4
log 5 1 . log 5 1 2 = . S: x 1 = .
13/
( ) x
x
2
3 3
log 3 3 4. log 2 0
= . S: x 0 = .
14/
2 2
x
log 2 log 4x 3 = . S: x 1 x 4 = = .
15/
x x x
3 81
log 3. log 3 log 3 0 = . S:
1
x 9 x
9
= = .
16/
2 3
2x 16x 4x
log x 14 log x 40log x 0 = . S:
5
1
x 1 x 2 x
64
= = = .
17/
2 x 1
log x 1 log 64 1
= . S:
3
x 7 x
4
= = .
18/
2
2x
x
log 16 log 64 3 = . S:
3
1
x x 4
2
= = .
19/
2
x x x
9
log 5 log 5x log 5
4
= . S:
5
x 5 x 5 = = .
20/
( ) ( ) 3
4
2
x 2x
x
2
8
x 14
log 4x 2log 2x log
4 3
= . S: x 1 = .
21/
( ) 3 2 2
2
x x 16x
2
1 x 65
log 4x 4log 2x log
2 4 12
= . S: x 2 = .
22/
( ) ( ) 3
2
x
3x
3
1 1
log 9x log 27x 0
2 2
= . S:
1
x
3
= .
1/
2 2
3 log x log 4x 0 = . S: x 2 x 16 = = .
2/
( )
3 3
log 27x 3 log x 1 0 = . S: x 3 x 81 = = .
3/
4 2
log 2x log 4x 3 2 = . S:
1
x
2
= .
4/
2 2
3 3
log x log x 1 5 0 = . S:
3
x 3
= .
5/
3 3
3 log x log 3x 1 0 = . S: x 3 x 81 = = .
6/
1 1
3 3
log x 3. log x 2 0 = . S:
1 1
x x
3 81
= = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 157 -
7/
3
3
2 2
4
log x log x
3
= . S: x 2 = .
8/
3
3
2 2
2
log x log x
3
= . S:
1
x x 2
256
= = .
9/
x x
log 5x log 5 = . S:
1
x
25
= .
10/
3
2 lg x 1 lg x 1 = . S: x 10 x 100 x 10000 = = = .
11/
3 9
log 9x 2 log 3x 1 5 = . S: x 32 = .
12/
2
2 2
log x log x 1 1 = . S:
1 5
2
1
x x 1 x 2
2
= = = .
13/
3 3
4 log x 1 log x 4 = . S:
24 8 7
x 3

= .
1/
2 2
log 2x log x
3 2 9 2 0 = . S: x 2 = .
Cao ng s phm Hng Yn nm 2001
2/
9 9 3
log x log x log 27
4 6.2 2 0 = . S: x 9 x 81 = = .
3/
3 3 3
log x log x log 9
4 5.2 2 0 = . S: x 1 x 9 = = .
4/
2
2 2 2
log 2x log 6 log 4x
4 x 2.3 = . S:
1
x
4
= .
i hc Lut Tp. H Ch Minh nm 2001
5/
2
2 2
log x 1 2log x
2 x 48
= . S:
3
x 2
= .
6/
2
2 2
log x 1 2log x
2 224 x
= . S:
1
x 4 x
4
= = .
7/
2
lg10x lg x log100x
4 6 2.3 = . S:
1
x
100
= .
8/
2 2
log x log 3
27 x 30 = . S: x 2 = .
i hc Dn lp Hi Phng nm 2001
9/
( )
5 5
2 log 2 x log 2 x
5 2 5

= . S: x 0 = .
10/
( ) ( )
2
lg 100x
lg 10x
lg x
4 6 2.3 = . S: x 0, 01 = .
11/
2 2 2
4 2 4
log x log x log x
64 3.2 3.4 4 = . S:
1
x x 4
4
= = .
12/
2 8
log x 3log x
2x 2x 5 0
= . S:
1
x x 2
2
= = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 158 -
i hc Tng hp H Ni khi A nm 1994
13/
2
2
x
log
log 6 2
2
2.9 x x = . S:
3
1
1 log 2
x 2 x 2

= = .
14/
2
2 2 3 2 3
log x log x log x log x. log x 0 = . S: x 1 x 2 = = .
1/
( )
2
3 3
log x x 12 log x 11 x 0 = . S: x 3 x 9 = = .
2/
2
2 2
lg x lg x. log 4x 2 log x 0 = . S: x 1 x 100 = = .
3/
( )
2
2 2
x. log x 2 x 1 log x 4 0 = . S: x 4 x 2 = = .
4/
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 3
x 3 log x 2 4 x 2 log x 2 16 = . S:
161
x 1 x
81
= = .
i hc Lut H Ni nm 1995
5/
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 3
x 2 log x 1 4 x 1 log x 1 16 = . S:
80
x x 2
81
= = .
6/
( )
2
2 2
log x x 1 log x 6 2x = . S:
1
x x 2
4
= = .
7/
( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 3
log x 1 x 5 log x 1 2x 6 = . S: x 8 x 2 = = .
1/
2
1 2
2
log x 6log x 8 0 . S:
( )
x 4;16 .
2/
2 2
1 1
2 4
log x log x 0 < . S:
( )
x 1; 2 .
3/
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 3
16
2 2
51
log 8x 3log 4x 2log 2x
4
< . S:
83
64
1
x 2 ;
2

( )
.
4/
( )
2 2
1 8
2 2
4
x 29
3log 2 log 4x 2log 16
16 3
. S:
38
9
x 0; 4 2 ;
1
l
l
.
5/
( ) ( ) 2
3
2
2x x
x
2
x
2log 4x 3log 16log 4x 0
4
. S:
8
5
x 2 ; 4
l
l
l
l
l
.
6/
( ) ( )
2
2
1 2
2
2
x
log 4x 3log log 8x 40
4
. S:
( )
9
16
x 0; 2 2;

( )
.
7/
2
2
1 8
4
x 16 1
3log 2log 0
4 x 3
< . S:
16
9
x 1; 2
1

( )
.
8/
( ) ( )
2 2
9 1
3
2log 3x 2 log 27x 10 0 < . S:
( )
9 4 6 9 4 6
x 2 ;2

.
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 159 -
9/
3
4 2 2
2 1 2 1 2
2 2
x 32
log x log 9log 4 log x
8 x
1 1

<

( ) ( )
. S:
( )
1 1
x 4; 8 ;
8 4
1

( )
.
1/
x 100
1
log 100 log x 0
2
. S:
( )
2 2
x 100 ;100
.
2/
2 x
log x 2log 4 3 0 . S: 1 x 0 .
3/
( )
( )
( )
( ) x 1 x 1
log x 1 log x
x x 1 2

. S:
(
x 1;2
l
l
l
.
4/
( )
( )
x lg
2lg x 1
2.x 1 x 1
. S:
)
x 2;
.
5/
2
6 6
log x log x
6 x 12 . S:
1
x ; 6
6
l
l
l
l
.
6/
x 2x 2
log 2. log 2. log 4x 1 . S:
( )
2
2
1 1
x ; 1;2
2
2
1

( )
.
7/
2
2 2
6 4
3
log 2x log x
. S:
( )
3
1 1
x ; 1; 4
2
2
1

( )
.
8/
5 5
1 2
1
5 log x 1 log x
<

. S:
( ) ( )
1
; 25;125 3125;
5
1

( )
.
9/
2 2
1 2
1
4 log x 2 log x

. S:
( )
1 1 1
; ; 4;
16 4 2
1 1

( ) ( )
.
10/
4 2
2
2 2 2
log x log x
2
1 log x 1 log x 1 log x

. S:
( ) ( )
1
x ; 2 16; \
2
' '
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1
1 1 + +
.
11/
2
3
3
1 log x
1
1 log x
. S:
( )
1
x ; 3;
3
1

( )
.
12/
3 2 3 2
log x. log x 2log x log x 2 0 < . S:
( )
x 3; 4 .
13/
( ) ( )
x x 1
2 1
2
log 2 1 . log 2 2 2
. S:
2 2
3
x log ; log 5
2
1

( )
.
14/
( ) ( )
x x 2
3 1
3
log 3 1 . log 3 9 3
. S:
3 3
28
x log ; log 4
27
1

( )
.
15/
( )
3
x x
log 2x log 2x . S:
)
3
1
x 0; 2;
2
l
l

l
(
l
.
16/
2
1 1
8 8
1 9log x 1 4 log x .
17/
2
3 3 3
log x 4 log x 9 2 log x 3 .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 160 -
18/
( )
2 2 2
2 2 4
log x log x 3 5 log x 3 . S:
( )
1
x 0; 8;16
2
l
l

l
(
l
.
19/
( ) ( )
2 2
9 3
log 3x 4x 2 1 log 3x 4x 2 . S:
7 1
x ; 1 ;1
3 3
l 1

l

l

( )
l
.
20/
2 4
0,5 2 16
log x 4log x 4 log x . S:
5
1
x 1; 2 8 0;
4
l
l

l

l
l
l
(
l
.
21/
x x
2 16
1
log 2. log 2
log x 6
. S:
( ) ( ) ( )
x ;1 4; 8 16; 64 .
22/
( )
2
3 3
6log 1 x log x 1 5 0 .
23/
( )
2
9 3 3
log x log x. log 2x 1 1 .
24/
( )
x
x
4 1
4
3 1 3
log 3 1 log
16 4
1
( )
. S:
( ) )
x 0;1 2;
.
25/
( )
3
8 2
2 2
log x log 1 2x
log x log 1 2x
. S:
( )
1
x 0; 1;
2
l
l

l
(
l
.
2
2x
x
log 64 log 16 3 .
i hc Y H Ni nm 1997
S:
(
3
1 1
x ; 1; 4
2
2
l
l l

l
l l
(
l
.
( )
2
x 3
3
log 3x log x 11 < .
i hc Y Hi Phng nm 2001
S:
( ) ( )
1 5 5 1
x 3 ; 3 3 ; 27

.
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2
24x 1 x 24x 1
x 24x 1
log x log x log x

= .
thi th i hc nm 2011 THPT Lin H H Ni
S:
1
x 1 x
8
= = .
( ) ( )
2 2
1 2x 1 3x
log 6x 5x 1 log 4x 4x 1 2 0

= .
i hc Thy Sn nm 1999
S:
1
x
4
= .
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
2log x x log x log x.log x x 2 = .
S: x 2 x 4 = = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 161 -
( )
3 9x
3
4
2 log x log 3 1
1 log x
=
.
thi th i hc nm 2011 THPT Long Chu Sa Ph Th
S:
1
x x 81
3
= = .
( ) ( )
2 2
4 4
3 log x 4x 2 5 log x 4x 6 = .
( ) ( )
2 2
2
log x x 1 3log x x 1 2 = .
( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 3 6
log x x 1 . log x x 1 log x x 1 = .
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
2log x x log x log x. log x x 2 = .
3
4 2 2
2 1 2 1 2
2 2
x 32
log x log 9log 4. log x
8 x
1 1

<

( ) ( )
.
S:
( )
1 1
x ; 4; 8
8 4
1

( )
.
( ) ( )
3 3
log x log x
2x
10 1 10 1
3
.
thi th i hc khi B nm 2013 ln 2 S GD & T Vnh Phc
S:
)
x 3;

2
2 2
x
x
log
2log
2 x 20 0 .
thi th i hc nm 2011 khi A Tp ch Ton hc v Tui Tr
S:
1
x ; 2
2
l
l
l
l
.
3
4 log x
x 243
.
thi th i hc nm 2010 ln 1 khi A THPT Phan Chu Trinh Nng
S:
( )
1
x 0; 3;
243
1

( )
.
( )
2 4 8
2 1 log x log x log x 0 < .
thi th i hc nm 2010 ln 1 khi B THPT Phan Chu Trinh Nng
S:
3
1
x ;1
2 2
1

( )
.
( )
2 2 2
2 2 4
log x log x 3 5 log x 3 .
thi th ln 1 khi nm 2011 THPT Trn Hng o Hng Yn
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 162 -
S:
( )
1
x 0; 8;16
2
l
l

l
(
l
.
2
2
2
2x
4 lg
1 x
2
2x
2 lg
1 x
.
Cao ng s phm H Ni nm 2001
S:
( ) ( )
x 100 3 1111; 1 x 1; 100 3 1111 .
( )
3
8 2
2 2
log x log 1 2x 2
3 log x log 1 2x
.
thi th i hc nm 2013 khi A, B ln 2 THPT ng Thc Ha Ngh An
HD:
( )
2
2
log x
1
t 0 x
3 log 1 2x
= =
.
( )
( )
( )
2
1 2
2
2
2
3
log x 1 log x 1 6
2
log x 1
2 log x 1
1

( )

.
thi th i hc nm 2013 khi D THPT Chuyn L Qu n Qung Tr
S:
(
5
1
x 1; 3;15
64
l
l l

l
l l
(
l
.
( ) ( )
2
2 2
log x log x
3 1 x. 3 1 1 x = .
thi th ln 1 nm 2011 khi A, B THPT Nguyn Hu
HD:
( ) ( )
2 2
log x log x
u 3 1 0; v 3 1 0 x 1 = = = .

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 163 -

I L THUYT C BN
nh l 1. Nu hm s
( )
y f x = lun ng bin (hoc lun nghch bin) v lin tc trn D th
s nghim trn D ca phng trnh
( )
f x a = khng nhiu hn mt v
( ) ( )
u, v D : f u f v u v = = .
nh l 2. Nu hm s
( )
f x v
( )
g x n iu ngc chiu v lin tc trn D th s nghim
trn D ca phng trnh
( ) ( )
f x g x = khng nhiu hn mt.
nh l 3. Nu hm s
( )
f x lun ng bin trn D th
( ) ( )
f x f a x a , x, a D . Nu
hm s
( )
f x lun nghch bin trn D th
( ) ( )
f x f a x a , x, a D < .
nh l 4. Nu
( )
f x c o hm n cp k v lin tc trn D, ng thi
( )
( )
k
f x c ng m
nghim phn bit th phng trnh:
( )
( )
k
f x s c khng qu
( )
m 1 nghim.
Mt s dng ton c bn thng gp:
Dng 1.
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )

a
f x
log . g x f x
g x
l
=
l
l

Bc 1. t iu kin
( )
TX : D .
Bc 2.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
a a
log f x log g x .g x .f x =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

a a
log f x .f x log g x .g x =
( ) ( ) ( )
f f x f g x 1
l l
=
l l
l l

Bc 3. Xt hm s
( )
a
f t .t log t = trn D.
Nu hm s
( )
f t lun ng bin hoc lun nghch (mt chiu) th theo nh
l 1, ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 f f x f g x f x g x
l l
= =
l l
l l
. T , gii ra tm x.
Dng 2.
( ) ( ) ( )

a b
log f x log g x =
Nu
( ) ( ) ( )
a b : f x g x = = : y l dng ton kh quen thuc i vi hc sinh.
Nu
( )( )
a 1 b 1 0 <
PP
Dng phng php on nghim v chng minh
nghim duy nht da vo phng php hm s (nh l 1).
Dng 3. S dng tnh n iu ca hm s & Phng php nh gi
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 164 -
Nu
( )( )
a 1 b 1 0
PP
Dng phng php m ha bng n ph. C th ta
lm theo cc bc:
Bc 1. t iu kin.
Bc 2. t:
( ) ( )
( )
( )
t
t a b
f x a
log f x log g x t
g x b
'
1
=
1
1
= =
!
1
=
1
1+
. Bin i v phng trnh
dng
( ) ( )

t t
f t A B 1 1 = =
Bc 3. Gii phng trnh
( )
1 theo t bng phng php on nghim v chng minh
l nghim duy nht (nh l 1).
Bc 4. Tm x khi c c t.
Lu : Bi ton c dng:
( ) ( )
a b
log f x log g x = ta cng lm tng t bng cch t
( ) ( )
a b
log f x log g x .t = = vi l bi s chung nh nht ca v .
Dng 3.
( )
( )

a f x
log g(x) log b =
Nu
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
f x
g x 1
a b : log g x 0
0 f x 1
'
1
=
1
1
= =
!
1
<
1
1+
.
Nu b 1, ta lm theo cc bc:
Bc 1. t iu kin:
( )
( )
f x 0
0 g x 1
'
1

1
1
!
1
<
1
1+
.
Bc 2. S dng cng thc i c s. C th:
( )
( )
( )
b
a
b
log f x
log b
log g x
=
( ) ( )

b a b
log f x log b. log g x =
( ) ( )

b a
log f x log g x = : y l dng ton 2 trn, bit cch gii.
Dng 4.
( ) ( )

x
a
a plog x qx r

=
PP
t n ph a v h phng trnh i xng loi II v s dng phng php
hm s tm c x y = .
Lu :
+ Mt s bi ton, sau khi t n ph, vn cn bin x (ti gi y l dng t n ph
khng hon ton). Lc , ta xem l phng trnh bc hai theo t, cn x l hng s.
Gii phng trnh bc hai theo t bng cch lp .
Tm ra cc nghim t theo x.
S dng tnh n iu (on nghim v chng minh l nghim duy nht) tm
nghim x.
+ Cc bi ton bt phng trnh logarit, ta cng c th gii tng t.
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Page - 165 -
II CC TH D
C CC C Cc th d v gii phng trnh bt phng trnh logarit bng phng hm s
( ) ( ) ( )

3 5
log x 1 log 2x 1 2 =
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
1
x
2
.
Xt hm s
( ) ( ) ( )
3 5
f x log x 1 log 2x 1 = trn
1
;
2
1

( )
.
( )
( ) ( )

1 2 1
f ' x 0, x ;
2 x 1 ln 3 2x 1 ln5
1

=

( )
.
( ) ( ) ( )
3 5
f x log x 1 log 2x 1 = ng bin trn
1
;
2
1

( )
.
Mt khc:
( ) ( )
f x f 2 2 x 2 = = = .
( ) ( ) ( )

2
x lg x x 6 4 lg x 2 =
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
2
x 2 0 x 2
x 3
x 2 x 3 x x 6 0
' '
1 1
1 1 1

! !
1 1 <
1 1
+ 1+
.
( ) ( )( ) ( )
x lg x 2 x 3 log x 2 4 =
( )( )

x 2 x 3
x lg 4
x 2

=

( ) ( )
f x x lg x 3 4 = = .
Xt hm s
( ) ( )
f x x lg x 3 = trn
( )
3; .
( )
( )
( )
1
f ' x 1 0, x 3;
x 3 ln10
=
.
( ) ( )
f x x lg x 3 : = ng bin trn
( )
3; .
Mt khc:
( ) ( )
f x f 4 4 x 4 = = = .
( )

2
2
3 2
x x 3
log x 3x 2
2x 4x 5
1

=

( )

i hc Ngoi Thng Tp. H Ch Minh khi D nm 2001
Bi gii tham kho
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Page - 166 -
iu kin:
2
2
x x 3
0, x
2x 4x 5

Tp xc nh: D = .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
3 3
log x x 3 log 2x 4x 5 2x 4x 5 x x 3 =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

2 2 2 2
3 3
x x 3 log x x 3 2x 4x 5 log 2x 4x 5 1 =
Phng trnh
( )
1 c dng:
( ) ( ) ( )

2 2
f x x 3 f 2x 4x 2 2 =
Xt hm s:
( )
3
f t t log t = trn khong
( )
0; .
Ta c:
( ) ( )
1
f ' t 1 0, t 0 f t :
t ln3
1

=

( )
ng bin trn khong
( ) ( )
0; 3
T
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 , 2 , 3 x x 3 2x 4x 2 =

2
x 1
x 3x 2 0
x 2
.
Vy phng trnh c hai nghim l x 2 x 1 = = .
( )
( )

2
2 2
2x 1
2x 6x 2 log
x 1

Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
x 1
x 1 0
1
2x 1 0
x
2
'
1
'
1 1
1 1 1
! !
1 1

1 1
+
1
1+
.
( )
2
2 2
1
x
2
2x 6x 2 log 2.
x 2x 1
l 1

l

= l

l

l

( )
l
l

( )

2
2 2
1
x
1
2
2 x 2x 1 2 x 1 1 log
2 x 2x 1
1

=

( )

( ) ( )

2 2
2 2
1 1
2 x 2x 1 log x 2x 1 2 x log x
2 2
1 1

=

( ) ( )

( ) ( )

2
1
f x 2x 1 f x 1
2
1

=

( )

Xt hm s
( )
2
f t 2t log t = trn
( )
0; .
( ) ( ) ( )
1
f ' t 2 0, t 0; f t :
t ln2
= ng bin trn
( ) ( )
0; 2
T
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 1 3 7
1 , 2 f x 2x 1 f x x 2x 1 x x
2 2 2
1

= = =

( )
.
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 167 -
So snh vi iu kin, phng trnh c hai nghim:
3 7 3 7
x x
2 2

= = .
Nhn xt: Trong hai th d trn, ti s dng phng php gii dng 1. Bn c hy
kim tra li v lm bi tp rn luyn phn bi tp tng t.
( )
( )

2
x 3x 1
2
2
1
log x 3x 2 1 2
3

1

=

( )

ngh Olympic 30/04 THPT chuyn L Qu n Khnh Ha
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
2
x 3x 2 0 x 1 x 2 .
t
2 2 2 2 2
t x 3x 2 0 t x 3x 2 x 3x 1 1 t = = = .
( ) ( )
2
1 t
2
1
log t 1 2
3
1

=

( )

( )

2
t 1
2
log t 1 3 2
=
( ) ( ) ( )

2
t
2
1
f t log t 1 .3 2 1
3
= =
Xt hm s
( ) ( )
2
t
2
1
f t log t 1 .3
3
= trn na khong
)
0;
.
( )
( )
) ( )
2
t
1 1
f ' t .2t.3 . ln3 0, t 0; f t :
3 t 1 ln2
ng bin trn
)
0;
.
Ta c:
( ) ( ) ( )
2
1
f t f 1 log 1 1 .3 2 t 1
3
= = = = .
Vi
2 2
3 5
t x 3x 2 1 x 3x 1 0 x
2
= = = = .
3 5 3 5
x x
2 2

= = .
( ) ( ) ( )

2 2
3 2
log x 2x 1 log x 2x =
Cao ng S Phm Hi Phng i hc Hi Phng nm 2004
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
( ) ( )
2
2
x 2x 1 0
x ; 2 0;
x 2x 0
'
1

1
1

!
1

1
1+
.
t:
( ) ( )
2 t
2 2
2 t 3 2
x 2x 1 3 0
log x 2x 1 log x 2x t
x 2x 2 0
'
1
=
1
1
= =
!
1
=
1
1+

2 t
2 t
x 2x 3 1
x 2x 2
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 168 -

t t
3 1 2 =

t t
3 2 1 =
( ) ( )

t t
2 1
1 f t 1
3 3
1 1

= =

( ) ( )

( )
1 .
Xt hm s
( )
t t
2 1
f t
3 3
1 1

=

( ) ( )
trn :
( ) ( )
t t
2 2 1 1
f ' t . ln . ln 0, t f t
3 3 3 3
1 1

= <

( ) ( )
nghch bin trn .
Do , t 1 = l nghim duy nht ca phng trnh
( )
1 .
Vi t 1 =
2 2
x 2x 2 x 2x 2 0 x 1 3 = = = .
Kt hp vi iu kin, nghim ca phng trnh l x 1 3 = .
( ) ( )

5 7
log x log x 2 =
i hc Quc Gia H Ni khi B nm 2000
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
x 0
x 0
x 2 0
'
1
1

!
1
1
+
.
t
( )
t
t 5 7
x 5
log x log x 2 t
x 2 7
'
1
=
1
1
= =
!
1
=
1
1+

t
t
x 5
x 7 2
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

t
t t
x 5
5 7 2
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

t
t t
x 5
5 2 7
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

( )
( )

t
t t
x 5 1
5 1
2. 1 2
7 7
'
1
=
1
1
1
1 1 !
1
= 1

1
( ) ( )
1
+
.
( )
2 .
Xt hm s:
( )
t t
5 1
f t 2.
7 7
1 1

=

( ) ( )
trn .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 169 -
( )

t t
5 5 1 1
f ' t . ln 2. . ln 0, t
7 7 7 7
1 1

= <

( ) ( )

( )
f t nghch bin trn v
( ) ( )
f t f 1 t 1 = = .
Thay t 1 = vo
( )
1
1 x 5 5 = = . Vy phng trnh
( )
c mt nghim l x 5 = .
( )
( )

4
6 4
2log x x log x =
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 0 .
( )
( )
4
6 4
1
log x x log x
2
=
( )

4
6 4
log x x log x = .
t
( )
4 t
4
6 4
t
x x 6
log x x log x t
x 4
'
1
=
1
1
= =
!
1
=
1
1+

( ) ( )

t t
t t t
2 1
4 2 6 f t 1 1
3 3
1 1

= = =

( ) ( )

( )
1 .
Xt hm s
( )
t t
2 1
f t
3 3
1 1

=

( ) ( )
trn khong
( )
0, .
( )

t t
2 2 1 1
f ' t ln ln 0, t
3 3 3 3
1 1

= <

( ) ( )

( )
f t : nghch bin.
Ta c:
( ) ( )
2 1
f t f 1 1 t 1
3 3
= = = = .
Vi t 1 x 4 x 16 = = = .
( )
( )

7 3
log x log x 2 =
i hc Kin Trc H Ni H chuyn ban nm 2000
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
x 0
x 0
x 2 0
'
1
1
1

!
1

1
1+
Tp xc nh:
( )
D 0; = .
t
( )
t
7 3 t
7 x
log x log x 2 t
3 x 2
'
1
=
1
1
= =
!
1
=
1
1+

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 170 -
( ) ( )

t
t
t t
7 1
3 7 2 1 2. f t 1
3 3
1
1

= = =

( )
( )

Xt hm s
( )
t
t
7 1
f t 2.
3 3
1
1

=

( )
( )
trn .
( )

t
t
7 7 1 1
f ' t . ln 2. . ln 0, t
3 3 3 3
1
1

= <

( )
( )
Hm s
( )
f t nghch bin trn
v c
( )
2
2
7 1
f 2 2. 1
3 3
1
1

= =

( )
( )
. V vy
( ) ( )
2
f t f 2 t 2 x 7 49 = = = = .
So vi tp xc nh, nghim ca phng trnh l x 49 = .
( ) ( )

3
x
7
7 1 2log 6x 1 =
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
1
6x 1 0 x
6
.
( ) ( ) ( )

x
7
7 1 6 log 6x 1 1 =
t
( ) ( )

y
7
log 6x 1 y 7 6x 1 2 = =
( ) ( )

x
1 7 1 6y 3 =
( ) ( )
y
y x
x
7 6x 1
2 , 3 7 7 6x 6y
7 6y 1
'
1
=
1
1
=
!
1
=
1
1+

y x
7 6y 7 6x =
( ) ( ) ( )
f y f x 4 =
Xt hm s
( )
t
f t 7 6t = trn .
( ) ( )
t
f ' t 7 . ln7 6 0, t f t : = ng bin trn
( )
5
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
4 , 5 f x f y x y = = .
( ) ( )

x x
2 7 6x 1 7 6x 1 0 6 = =
Xt hm s
( )
x
f x 7 6x 1 = trn .
( )
x
f ' x 7 . ln7 6 = .
Cho
( )
x
7
6 6
f ' x 0 7 x log
ln7 ln7
= = = .
Bng bin thin:
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Page - 171 -
x

7
6
log
ln7

( )
f ' x
0

( )
f x

Da vo bng bin thin, phng trnh c ti a hai nghim.
Ta c:
( ) ( )
f 0 f 1 0 x 0 x 1 = = = = l hai nghim ca
( )
6
( ) ( )

2 2
log 3log 3x 1 1 x
l
=
l
l

Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
( )
2
3log 3x 1 1 0
3x 1 0
'
1

1
1
!
1
1
1+
.
( ) ( )
x
2
3log 3x 1 1 2 = .
t
( )
y y
x x 2
2 3x 1 2 1 3x
log 3x 1 y
3y 1 2 2 1 3y
' '
1 1
= =
1 1
1 1
=
! !
1 1
= =
1 1
1 1 + +

y x
2 2 3x 3y =

x y
2 3x 2 3y =
( ) ( ) ( )
f x f y 1 =
Xt hm s
( )
t
f t 2 3t = trn .
( ) ( )
t
f ' t 2 ln2 3 0, t f t : = ng bin trn
( )
2
T
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 , 2 f x f y x y = = .
x
2 1 3x =
( ) ( )

x
f x 2 3x 1 0 3 = =
Xt hm s
( )
x
f x 2 3x 1 = trn .
( )
x
f ' x 2 ln2 3 = .
Cho
( )
x
2
3 3
f ' x 0 2 x log
ln2 ln2
= = = .
Bng bin thin:
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Page - 172 -
x

2
3
log
ln2

( )
f ' x
0

( )
f x

Da vo bng bin thin, phng trnh c ti a hai nghim.
Mt khc:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 f x f 1 f 3 0 x 1 x 3 = = = = = .
i chiu vi iu kin, phng trnh c ha nghim: x 1 x 3 = = .
( ) ( )

2
3 3
x 1 log x 4x log x 16 0 =
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 0 .
t
3
t log x = .
( ) ( )
2
x 1 t 4x.t 16 0 = .
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2
' 4x 16 x 1 4 x 4x 4 2 x 2
l
= = =
l
l
.
( )
( )
2x 2 x 2
t 4
x 1
2x 2 x 2
4
t
x 1 x 1
= =
= =
.
Vi
4
3
t 4 log x 4 x 3
= = = .
Vi
( )

3
4 4
t log x 1
x 1 x 1
= =

( )
1 .
Hm s
( )
3
f x log x : = ng bin trn
( )
0; .
Hm s
( )
4
g x :
x 1
=
nghch bin trn

( )
0; .
( )
1 .
1
x x 3
81
= = .
( ) ( )

2
2 2
log x x 7 log x 12 4x 0 =
thi th i hc nm 2012 12 Thy Vn Ph Quc i hc Qung Nam
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 0 .
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Page - 173 -
t
2
t log x = .
( ) ( )
2
t x 7 t 12 4x 0 = .
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
7 x x 1
t 4
2
x 7 4 12 4x x 1
7 x x 1
t 3 x
2
= =
= =

= =
.
Vi
2
t 4 log x 4 x 16 = = = .
Vi
( )

2
t 3 x log x 3 x 1 = =
Xt hm s
( )
2
f x log x x 3 = trn khong
( )
0; .
( ) ( ) ( )
1
f ' x 1 0, x 0; f x :
x ln2
= ng bin trn
( )
0; .
Ta li c:
( ) ( )
f x f 2 0 x 2 = = = .
( ) ( ) ( )

x x
2 3
log 2 1 log 4 2 2
i hc Ngoi Thng khi A c s 2 Tp. H Ch Minh nm 2000
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
x
x
2 1 0
4 2 0
'
1

1
1
!
1

1
1+
ng x Tp xc nh: D = .
Xt hm s
( ) ( ) ( )
x x
2 3
f x log 2 1 log 4 2 = trn .
( )
( ) ( )

x x
x x
2 ln2 4 ln4
f ' x 0, x
2 1 ln2 4 1 ln3
=

Hm s
( )
f x lun ng bin trn
v c
( )
2 3
f 0 log 2 lo 3 2 = = . Do :
( ) ( )
x 0 f x f 0 x 0 .
(
x ; 0
l

l
l
.
C CC C Cc th d v gii phng trnh bt phng trnh logarit bng phng php nh gi
( )
( )

3 2
log 4 x x 5 1 1 =
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
4 x 0
5 x 4
x 5 0
'
1
1

!
1
1
+
.
Ta c:
( ) ( ) ( )

B.C.S
2 2
4 x x 5 1. 4 x 1. x 5 1 1 4 x x 5
l
=
l
l

4 x x 5 3 2
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 174 -
( )

3 2 3 2
log 4 x x 5 log 3 2
( )
( )

3 2
log 4 x x 5 1 2
T
( ) ( )
1 , 2
4 x x 5 1
x
1 1 2

= =
So vi iu kin, phng trnh c nghim duy nht
1
x
2
= .
Nhn xt
Trong li gii trn, ti s dng bt ng thc Bunhiacpxki
( )
B.C.S dng:
( )( )
2 2 2 2
ax by a b x y . Du " " = xy ra
x y a b
hay
a b x y
= = .
Do bt ng thc Bunhiacpxki l bi c thm trong SGK lp 10, nn ta c th trnh
by bi gii theo bt ng thc Cauchy nh sau:
Ta c:
( )
( )( )
2
4 x x 5 9 2 4 x x 5 = .
M:
( )( )
( ) ( )

Cauchy
4 x x 5
4 x x 5
2

(
Cauchy dng:
a b
a.b
2
1
)
.
( )( )
2 4 x x 5 9
( )( )
9 2 4 x x 5 18
( )
2
4 x x 5 18
4 x x 5 2 3
( )
( )

3 2
log 4 x x 5 1 2
T
( ) ( )
1 , 2
4 x x 5 1
x
1 1 2

= =
So vi iu kin, phng trnh c nghim duy nht
1
x
2
= .
( ) ( )

2 2
2 2
log 2x 4x 2 log x 1 4x 2x =
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
( )
2
2
x 1 2x 4x 2 0
2 x 1 0
x 0
x 0 x 0
x 0
'
' 1 '
1 1
1
1 1 1 1

! ! !
1 1 1

1 1 1
+ 1+
1+
.
( ) ( )
2
2
2
2x 4x 2
log 2 x 2x 1 3
x

=
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 175 -
( ) ( )

2
2
2
log 2x 4 2 x 1 3 1
x
1

=

( )

Ta c:
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )

Cauchy
2
2 2
2
2
2 2
log 2x 4 3
2x 4 8 2x 4 2
x
x 4 x
2 x 1 0 x 1 0 3
2 x 1 3 3
' 1
' 1 '
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1 1
( )
! ! !
1 1 1
1 1 1

1 1 1
1+ 1 1 +
+

T
( ) ( )
1 , 4 phng trnh c nghim khi du " " = trong
( )
2 v
( )
3 ng thi xy ra
x 1 = .
( )
( )

2 3
1
log x 2 4 log 8
x 1
1

( )

Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 2 .
Ta c:
( )
2 2
3 3
x 2 VT log x 2 4 log 4 2
1
x 2 VP log 8 log 9 2
x 1
'
1
= = 1
1
1
1
1 !
1
= = 1

1

( ) 1
1+
.
Bt phng trnh
( )
c nghim VT VP 2 x 2 = = = .
Vy bt phng trnh c nghim duy nht x 2 = .
BI TP TNG T
Bi tp 117. Gii cc phng trnh sau:
1/
2
log x
x 2.3 3 = .
S: x 1 = .
2/
x 1 x
2
1 x
2 2 log
x

= .
3/
( ) ( )
2
2 2
log x x 6 x log x 2 4 = .
4/
( ) ( )
2
2 2
log x 4 x log 8 x 2
l
=
l
l
.
S: x 3 = .
5/
2
2
2013 2
x x 3
log 7x 21x 14
2x 4x 5

=

.
S: x 1 x 2 = = .
6/
2
4 2
3 4 2
13x 13x 9
log 2014x 2014x 12084x 16112
x 14x 7x 1

=

.
S: x 1 x 2 = = .
7/
2
x x x 1
2
2 log x 2

= .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 176 -
HD:
( ) ( )
2
PT f x x f x 1 x 1 = = .
8/
( )
2
2 2
1 2x 1 1
log x 2 x 3 log 1 2 x 2
2 x x
1

( )
.
S:
3 3
x 1 x
2
= = .
9/
sin x cos x
5 5
. cos x . sin x
2 2
1 1

=

( ) ( )
.
HD: Hm s
( )
t
5
2
f t
t
1

( )
= nghch bin trn tng khong
( ) ( )
1; 0 , 0;1 .
10/
( )
2
3x x 1
2
3
1
log x 3x 2 2 2
5

1

=

( )
.
S:
3 5 3 5
x x
2 2

= = .
11/
( )
2
3 2
2x 1
log 3x 8x 5
x 1
.
HD:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

2 2
2 3
2
log 2x 1 2x 1 log 3 x 1 3 x 1 x 2 x
3
= = = .
12/
( )
2
2 2
2x 1
2x 8x log
x 1
.
HD:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
x 0
PT 2 x 1 log x 1 2 2x 1 log 2x 1
x 4
.
13/
( )
2 3
log 1 x log x = .
S: x 9 = .
14/
( )
5 3
log x 2 log x = .
S: x 3 = .
15/
3 2
2log cot x log cosx = .
S:
( )

2
x k2 , k
3
= .
16/
( )
7 5
log x 2 log x = .
S: x 5 = .
17/
5
log (x 3)
2 x
= .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 177 -
i hc Thy Li nm 1999
S: x 2 = .
18/
( )
7
log x 3
4 x
= .
S: x 4 = .
19/
( )
3
log x 5
2 x 4
= .
S: x 2 = .
20/
( )
3
2 7
log 1 x log x = .
S: x 343 = .
21/
( )
7 3
log x log x 2 = .
S: x 49 = .
i hc Thi Nguyn nm 1999
22/
( )
4 8
6 4
2log x x log x = .
S: x 256 = .
23/
( )
6
log x
2 6
log x 3 log x = .
S:
1
x
6
= .
24/
( )
( )
x x
5 4
log 3 3 1 log 3 1 = .
S: x 1 = .
25/
( ) ( ) 4
2 2
2
5
log x 2x 3 2log x 2x 4 = .
S: x 2 x 4 = = .
26/
( )
3
3 2
3log 1 x x 2log x = .
S: x 64 = .
27/
( ) ( ) 4
2 2
6 5
log x 2x 2 2 log x 2x 3 = .
S: x 2 x 4 = = .
28/
( )
3
x 1
7
7 1 2log 6x 5
= .
S: x 1 x 2 = = .
29/
( )
x
3
3 1 x log 1 2x = .
S: x 0 x 1 = = .
30/
( )
x
6
6 1 2x 3 log 1 5x = .
S: x 0 x 1 = = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 178 -
31/
( )
x
5
5 1 x 5log 1 4x = .
S: x 0 x 1 = = .
32/
( )
x
3
3 1 2x 2log 1 4x = .
S: x 0 x 2 = = .
33/
x x x
2
x 131x
5 2 2 44 log 2 5
3 3
1

=

( )
.
S: x 0 x 3 = = .
34/
( )
2
2sin x
3
4
1
sin cos 2x log 4 cos 2x cos 6x 1
2 6
1

=

( )
.
S: x k = .
35/
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 3
x 2 log x 1 4 x 1 log x 1 16 = .
S:
80
x 2 x
81
= = .
36/
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2
log x 1 2 x 2 log x 1 2x 5 = .
S:
3
x
2
= .
37/
( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 4 5
log x log x 1 log x 2 log x 3 = .
S: x 2 = .
38/
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 3 2 2 3

= .
S: x 1 11 4 3 = .
Bi tp 118. Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:
1/
2 3
log x 1 log x 9 1 .
S:
( )
x 0; .
2/
( )
7 3
log x log x 2 < .
S:
( )
x 49; .
3/
( )
( )
2 2
2 3
log x 5x 5 1 log x 5x 7 2 .
S:
5 5 5 5
x 1; ; 4
2 2
l l

l l

l l
l l
l l
.
4/
( ) ( )
2
1 1
2 2
x 1 log x 2x 5 log x 6 0 .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 179 -
S:
( )
x 0; 2 4;
l

l
l
.
5/
( ) ( )
2 3
2 2
5 11
2
0
2 5x 3x

.
S:
( )
( )
)
x ; 2 2;2 15 6;
.
( ) ( )
2
3 4
log x 2 log x 4x 3 = .
thi th i hc nm 2013 khi B ln 2 S GD & T Vnh Phc
S: x 2 3 = .
2
log x 2
3 x 1 = .
thi th i hc nm 2011 khi D THPT Lng Ngc Quyn Thi Nguyn
S: x 2 = .
( )
5 4
log 3 x log x .
thi th i hc nm 2010
S:
( )
x 0; 4 .
( ) ( )
2
2 7 7 2
x
log x x log x 3 2log x 3 log x
2
l
l
=
l
l
.
thi th i hc nm 2010 THPT B B Bc Giang
S: x 2 x 4 = = .
2
2 6
2011 6 2
4x 2
3x 1 log x
x x 1
=

.
HSG tnh Tin Giang nm 2011 2012 (ngy th hai: 26/10/2011)
S: x 2cos x 2cos
9 9

= = .
( )
2 3 2
2 2
3x 2x log x 1 log x = .
Cao ng S Phm Bnh Phc nm 2004
S: x 1 = .

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 180 -
D H PHNG TRNH H BT PHNG TRNH M & LOGARIT
Khng c mt cng c vn nng no trong vic x l cc h phng trnh m v logarit. Ta phi cn
c vo c im ca h phng trnh phn tch v tm ti ra li gii. Mt s tng gii h l
C Phng php th, phng php cng (bin i tng ng).
C Phng php t n ph.
C S dng tnh n iu ca hm s.
C S dng bt ng thc.

I L THUYT C BN
S dng cc cng thc m v logarit bin i h cho thnh nhng h c bn. Sau , dng
phng php th, phng php cng, gii.
II CC TH D
Th d 1. Gii h phng trnh:
( )
( )

x y
2 2 12 1
x y 5 2
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Bi gii tham kho
( )
2 y 5 x = .
( )
x 5 x
1 2 2 12
=

x
x
32
2 12
2
=
( ) ( )

2
x x
2 12. 2 32 0 =

x x
2 8 2 4 = =
x 3 x 2 = = .
Vi x 3 y 2 = = .
Vi x 2 y 3 = = .
Vy h c hai nghim
( ) ( ) ( )
x; y 2; 3 , 3;2 = .
( )
( )

3x 2
x x 1
x
2 5y 4y 1
4 2
y 2
2 2
'
1
=
1
1
1
!

1
=
1
1

1+

i hc khi D nm 2002
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
2
5y 4y 0
4
y
y 0 5
'
1

1
1

!
1
1
1+
.
Dng 1. Gii h m & logarit bng phng php bin i tng ng
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 181 -
( )
( )
2
x x
x
2 2.2
2 y
2 2

( )
( )

x x
x
2 2 2
y
2 2

x
2 y =
( ) ( )
3
x 2
1 2 5y 4y =

3 2
y 5y 4y =
( )
y 0 L y 1 y 4 = = = .
Vi
x
y 1 2 1 x 0 = = = .
Vi
x
y 4 2 4 x 2 = = = .
Vy h cho c hai nghim:
( ) ( ) ( )
x; y 0;1 , 2; 4 = .
( )
( )

x y
x y
2 .5 20 1
5 .2 50 2
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Bi gii tham kho
( )
( )
x y
x y
1
2 5 2
.
5 5 2 2
=

x y
2 5 2
.
5 2 5
1 1

=

( ) ( )

x y
2 2 2
.
5 5 5
1 1

=

( ) ( )

x y
2 2
5 5
1

=

( )

x y 1 =
x y 1 =
( )
y 1 y
1 2 .5 20
=

y y
2 .5 10 =

y
10 10 =
y 1 x 1 = = .
Vy h phng trnh c nghim duy nht
( ) ( )
x; y 1;1 = .
( )
( )

2
x y x
x 3 y 2 0 1
54 3 .18 0 2
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Bi gii tham kho
( )
2
x y x
2 54 3 . .18 =

2
x
y
54
3
18
1

=

( )

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 182 -

2
x y
3 3 =

2
x y
3 3 =

2
x y =
( )
2
1 y 3 y 2 0 =
y 1 y 2 = =
y 1 y 1 y 2 y 2 = = = = .
Vi y 1 x 1 = = .
Vi y 1 x 1 = = .
Vi y 2 x 4 = = .
Vi y 2 x 4 = = .
Vy h cho c bn nghim:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
x; y 1;1 , 1; 1 , 4; 2 , 4;2 = .
Th d 5. Gii v bin lun theo tham s thc a h phng trnh:
( )
( )

2
a x y xy
x y a 1 1
2 .4 2 2

'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

i hc M a Cht H Ni nm 2000
Bi gii tham kho
T
( )
1 y 1 a x = .
( )
( )
2
x 1 a x x 1 a x
a
2 2 .4 2

=
a

2 2
a 1 x xa x
2 .4 2

=
( )
a

2
2 2 1 x xa x
1 a
2 2

=
( )
a
2 2
2 1 x xa x 1 a =
( ) ( ) ( )

2
2
2x 2 a 1 x a 1 0 3 =
Lp
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
' a 1 2 a 1 a 1 0 = = .
Vi
( )
a 1 : ' 0 3 : < v nghim h v nghim.
Vi
( )
2
a 1 : 3 2x 0 x 0 y 0 = = = = .
Vy
a 1 :
a 1 :
'
1
1
!
1 =
1
+

( )
( )

2 2
1 4
4
x y 25
1
log y x log 1
y
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1 =
1
1
1+

Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
y x
y 0
'
1
1
!
1
1
+
.
( )
( )
2 2
4 4
x y 25
1
log y x log 1
y
'
1
=
1
1
1

!
1
=
1
1
1+

H phng trnh v nghim.
H phng trnh c nghim .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 183 -

2 2
4
x y 25
y x
log 1
y
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
1+

2 2
x y 25
y x 1
y 4
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
1+

2
2
4x
y
3
16x
x 25
9
'
1
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1
1+

( )

x 3 x 3 L
y 4
'
1
= =
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
.
Vy h phng trnh c nghim duy nht:
( ) ( )
x; y 3; 4 = .
( )
( )

2 2
x y 1
y x x y 1
2 3 2
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Bi gii tham kho
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 y x y x 0 =
( )( ) ( )
y x y x y x 0 =
( )( )
y x y x 1 0 =

y x
y 1 x
.
Vi y x = th
( )
x
x x 1 x x 2
3
y x
y x y x
2 x y log 3
2
2 3 2 3.3
3
3
'
1 =
1
' '
1 1 = = 1
1 1 1 1 1
= = 1
! ! !

1 1 1 = =
=
1 1 1

1 1 + +
1
( )
1
+
.
Vi y 1 x = th
( )
6
x 2 x x
6
y 1 x y 1 x x log 9
2
y 1 log 9 2 3 6 9
' ' '

1 1 1 = = =
1 1 1 1 1

! ! !
1 1 1 = = =
1 1 1
+ 1 1 + +
.
Vy nghim ca h l
( ) ( )
2 2 6 6
3 3
x; y log 3; log 3 , log 9;1 log 9
' ' 1
1 1
1 1 1 1
=
! !

1 1

( )
1 1
1 1 + +
.
( )
( )

x y
5
3 .2 1152
log x y 2
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Cao ng S Phm Tp. H Ch Minh khi B, D nm 2006
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x y 0 .
( )
( )
x y
5
3 .2 1152
log x y 1
'
1
=
1
1

!
1
=
1
1+

x y
3 .2 1152
x y 5
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 184 -

x 5 x
y 5 x
3 .2 1152

'
1 =
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

5 x
y 5 x
2 .6 1152
'
1 =
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

x
y 5 x
6 36
'
1 =
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

x 2
y 3
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
.
So vi iu kin, nghim ca h l
( ) ( )
S x; y 2; 3 = = .
( )
( )

2 2
2
4 2
log x y 5
2log x log y 4
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:

2 2
x 0 x y 0
y 0 x 0, y 0
' '
1 1
1 1 1
! !
1 1
1 1
+ 1+
.
( )
2 2
2 2
x y 32
log x log y 4
'
1
=
1
1

!
1 =
1
1+

( )

2 2
2
x y 32
log xy 4
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

( )

2
x y 2xy 32
xy 16
'
1
1 =
1
!
1
=
1
1+

( )

2
x y 64
xy 16
'
1
1 =
1
!
1
=
1
1+

x y 8 x y 8
xy 16 xy 16
' '
1 1 = =
1 1

! !
1 1 = =
1 1
+ +

x y 4
x y 4
= =
= =
.
Kt hp vi iu kin, nghim ca h l
( ) ( )
x; y 4; 4 = .
( ) ( )
( ) ( )

2 2
2 2
2 2
x xy y
log x y 1 log xy
, x; y
3 81

'
1
=
1
1

!
1
1 =
1
+
.
i hc khi A nm 2009
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x.y 0 .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 185 -
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
x xy y 4
log x y log 2xy
3 3

'
1
=
1
1

!
1
1 =
1
+

2 2
2 2
x y 2xy
x xy y 4
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

( )
( )

2
2
x y 0
x y xy 4
'
1
1 =
1
!
1
= 1
1
+

x y 0
xy 4
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+

x 2 x 2
y 2 y 2
' '
1 1 = =
1 1

! !
1 1 = =
1 1
+ +
.
( ) ( ) ( )
x; y 2; 2 , 2; 2 = .
( ) ( )
( )

2
3
3
x 2y 4x 1
2log x 1 log y 1 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

i hc khi B nm 2013
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
x 1 0 x 1
y 1 0 y 1
' '
1 1
1 1
! !
1 1
1 1
+ +
.
( )
( ) ( )
2
3 3
x 2y 4x 1
log x 1 log y 1
'
1
=
1
1

!
1
=
1
1+

2
x 2y 4x 1
x 1 y 1
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

2
y x 2
x 2x 3 0
'
1 =
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

x 1 x 3
y 3 y 1
' '
1 1 = =
1 1

! !
1 1 = =
1 1
+ +
.
Kt hp vi iu kin, cp nghim h l
( ) ( )
x; y 3;1 = .
( )
( )
( )

x
y
log 6x 4y 2
log 6y 4x 2
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

i hc Nng khi A, B t 1 nm 2001
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:

x 0, x 1
y 0, y 1
'
1
1
!
1
1
+
.
( )
( )
( )

2
2
6x 4y x 1
6y 4x y 2
'
1
=
1
1

!
1
=
1
1+

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 186 -
( ) ( )
( ) ( )( )

1 2
2 x y x y x y
=
( )( )
x y x y 2 0 =
x y y 2 x = =

2 2
x y y 2 x
6x 4y x 6x 4y x
' '
1 1 = =
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1 = =
1 1
1 1 + +

x y y 2 x
y 0 y 10 x 4 x 2
' '
1 1 = =
1 1

! !
1 1 = = = =
1 1
+ +

x y 0 x 2 x 4
x y 10 y 0 y 6
' ' '
1 1 1 = = = =
1 1 1

! ! !
1 1 1 = = = =
1 1 1
+ + +
.
( ) ( )
x; y 10;10 = .
( )

8 8
log y log x
4 4
x y 4
log x log y 1
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 0, y 0 .
( )
8 8
log y log x
4
x y 4
x
log 1
y
'
1
=
1
1
1

!
1
=
1
1
1+

8 8
log y log x
x y 4
x
4
y
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
1+

( )

8
8
log y
log 4y
x 4y
4y y 4
'
1 =
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

8 8
log 4y log 4y
x 4y
y y 4
'
1 =
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

8
log 4y
x 4y
y 2
'
1 =
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

8 y
x 4y
log 4y log 2
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+

8 8
2
x 4y
1
log 4 log y
log y
'
1 =
1
1
1
!
1 =
1
1
1+

2
2
x 4y
2 1 1
log y
3 3 log y
'
1 =
1
1
1
!
1 =
1
1
1+

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 187 -

2 2
x 4y
log y 1 log y 3
'
1 =
1
!
1 = =
1
+

1
y 2 y
8
x 4y
'
1
1
= =
1
1
!
1
1 =
1
1+

1
y
y 2
8
x 8 1
x
2
'
1
1
= '
1 1 =
1 1 1

! !
1 1 =
1 1
+ =
1
1
1+
.
Vy tp nghim ca h l
( ) ( )
1 1
x; y ; , 8;2
2 8
' ' 1
1 1
1 1
= ! !
1 1
( )
1 1
+ +
.
( )
( )
( )

2 2 2
2
lg x lg y lg xy
lg x y lg x. lg y 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

thi th i hc nm 2010 s 2 TT. BDVH & LTH Thnh t
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x, y 0 .
( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
2
lg x lg y lg x lg y
lg x y lg x. lg y 0
'
1
1 =
1

!
1
=
1
1+

( )
( )

2
2 2
2
lg x lg y lg x lg y 0
lg x y lg x. lg y 0
'
1
1 =
1
!
1
=
1
1+

( )

2
2
2lg y 2lg x. lg y 0
lg x y lg x. lg y 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

( )
( )

2
lg y lg x lg y 0
lg x y lg x. lg y 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

( )
( )
( )
( )

2 2
lg y 0 lg x lg y 0
1 2
lg x y lg x. lg y 0 lg x y lg x. lg y 0
' '
1 1 = =
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1 = =
1 1
1 1 + +

( )
( )

2
y 1 x 2
1
y 1 lg x 1 0
' '
1 1 = =
1 1 1

! !
1 1 = =
1 1
+ 1+

( )
( )
1
2
1
lg x lg y lg y lg
2 y
lg x y lg x. lg y 0
'
1
1
= = =
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+

2
1
y
x
1 1
lg x lg x. lg 0
x x
'
1
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
1

1
=
1

1 ( )
1+

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 188 -

2
2 2
1
y
x
x 1
lg lg x
x
'
1
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
1

1

=
1

1 ( )
1+

2
x 2 1
y
x 1
y
x 2
2
'
1 '
1 =
1
1
1 =
1
1 1

! !
1 1
=
1 1 =
1 1
1+
1+
.
Vy nghim ca h l:
( ) ( )
1
x; y 2; , 2;1
2
' ' 1
1 1
1 1

= ! !
1 1
( )
1 1
+ +
.
9 9
log y log x
3 1
3
x y 6
2log x log y 6
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
=
1
1
1
1+

( )

Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x, y 0 .
( )
9 9
log x log x
3 3
y y 6
2log x 2log y 6
'
1
=
1
1

!
1
=
1
1+

9
log x
3 3
y 3
log x log y 3
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

9 y
3 3
log x log 3
log x log y 3
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+

3
3
3 3
1 1
log x
2 log y
log x log y 3
'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+

3 3
3 3
log x. log y 2
log x log y 3
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+

3 3
3 3
log x 1 log x 2
log y 2 log y 1
' '
1 1 = =
1 1

! !
1 1 = =
1 1
+ +

x 3 x 9
y 9 y 3
' '
1 1 = =
1 1

! !
1 1 = =
1 1
+ +
.
( ) ( ) ( )
x; y 3; 9 , 9; 3 = .
( ) ( )
( )

2 2
5 3
9x 4y 5
log 3x 2y log 3x 2y 1
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

i hc Quc Gia Tp. H Ch Minh nm 1998
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
x 0, y 0
3x 2y 0
2
3x 2y 0
x y
3
'
1
'
1 1
1 1 1
! !
1 1

1 1
+
1
1+
.
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 189 -
( )
( ) ( )
( )

2 2
5 3
9x 4y 5
1
log 3x 2y log 3x 2y 1
'
1
=
1
1

!
1
=
1
1+

( )
( )( )
( )
( )
5
5
5
3x 2y 3x 2y 5
1 log 3x 2y
log 3x 2y 1
log 3
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
1
+

( )( )
( ) ( )

5 5 5 5
3x 2y 3x 2y 5
log 3. log 3x 2y log 3x 2y log 3
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

( )

5 5 5 5
5
3x 2y
3x 2y
5
log 3. log log 3x 2y log 3
3x 2y
'
1
1
=
1
1

1
!
1
1
=
1
1

1+

( )( )
( ) ( )

5 5 5 5 5
3x 2y 3x 2y 5
log 3. log 5 log 3x 2y log 3x 2y log 3
'
1
=
1
1
!
l
1
=
1 l
l 1+

( )( )
( ) ( )

5 5 5 5 5
3x 2y 3x 2y 5
log 3 log 3. log 3x 2y log 3x 2y log 3
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

( )( )
( ) ( )

5 5
3x 2y 3x 2y 5
log 3 1 log 3x 2y 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

( )( )
( )

5
3x 2y 3x 2y 5
log 3x 2y 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

( )( )

3x 2y 3x 2y 5
3x 2y 1
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

3x 2y 5
3x 2y 1
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+

x 1
y 1
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
.
So vi iu kin, nghim ca h phng trnh l
( ) ( )
x; y 1;1 = .
( )

2 2 2
3 3 3
3x
x log 3 log y y log
2
2y
x log 12 log x y log
3
'
1
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1
1+

i hc Thy Li H Ni H cha phn ban nm 2000
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 0, y 0 .
( )
x y
2 2 2 2
x y
3 3 3 3
3x
log 3 log y log 2 log
2
2y
log 12 log x log 3 log
3
'
1
1
=
1
1
1

!
1
1
=
1
1
1+

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 190 -
( )
( )

x y
2 2
x y
3 2
3x
log 3 .y log 2 .
2
2y
log 12 .x log 3 .
3
' 1
1
1
= 1

1

( ) 1
1
!
1
1
1
= 1

1

( ) 1
1+

( )
( )

x y
y x
3x
3 .y 2 . 1
2
2y
3 . 12 .x 2
3
'
1
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1
1+

( )
( )

1
2
x y
y x
3 3 2 3
. .
2 2 3 12
=

x y
36 6 =

2x y
6 6 =
y 2x = .
Thay y 2x = vo
( )
1 , ta c:
( )
x 2x
3x
1 3 .2x 2 .
2
=

x 1 x 1
3 4

=

x 1
3
1
4
1

=

( )

x 1 0 =

x 1
y 2
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
.
Vy nghim ca h l
( ) ( )
x; y 1; 2 = .
( )
( )

2
4
2 x 2x 1
x 1 6log y 1
y 2 y 2 2
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

thi th i hc 9 Thy Trn S Tng THPT Trng Vng Bnh nh
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: y 0 .
( )
2 x x
2 y 2 .y 2.4 0 = v ta xem y l phng trnh bc hai theo y.
( ) ( )
x x
x
2
x x x x x 1
x x
x
2 3.2
y 2.2
2
4 8.4 9.4 3.2 y 2 , do : y 0
2 3.2
y 2
2
= =
= = = =

= =
.
Vi
x 1
y 2

= thay vo
( )
1 , ta c:
( )
2 x 1
4
1 x 1 6 log 2

=
( )

2
4
x 1 6 x 1 . log 2 =

2
x 1 y 1
x 3x 4 0
x 4 y 32
= =
= =
.
So vi iu kin, nghim h l
( ) ( ) ( )
x; y 1;1 , 4; 32 = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 191 -

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 192 -
BI TP TNG T
Bi tp 1. Gii cc h phng trnh m sau:
1/

x y
x y 1
2 2 1
'
1 =
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
. S:
( ) ( )
x; y 1; 0 = .
2/
x y
2 2 3
x y 1
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
. S:
( ) ( ) ( )
x; y 0;1 , 1; 0 = .
3/

x y
x y
2 2 5
2 4
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
. S:
( ) ( ) ( )
x; y 0; 2 , 2; 0 = .
4/
x
x
2 4y
4 32y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
. S:
( ) ( )
x; y 3; 2 = .
5/
y
2 y
x 3 1
x 3 19
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
. S:
( ) ( )
x; y 4;1 = .
6/
y 1
2y 6
x 8
x 4
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
. S:
( ) ( )
x; y 2; 4 = .
7/
( )

2
y 7y 10
x 1
x y 8, x 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
. S:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
x; y 1; 7 , 3; 5 , 6; 2 = .
8/
2x 2y
17
4 4
256
x y 1
'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1 =
1
1+
. S:
( ) ( )
x; y 2; 1 = .
9/
x y
1
3 .2
9
y x 2
'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1 =
1
1+
. S:
( ) ( )
x; y 2; 0 = .
10/
x y
x y
3 3 28
3 27
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
. S:
( ) ( ) ( )
x; y 0; 3 , 3; 0 = .
11/
x 2y
x y
64 64 33
64 4 2
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
. S:
( )
( )
64
5 5
x; y 0; , a; a
12 12
a log 16 12 2
' ' ' 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1
1 = ! !

1
1 1 1
( ) ( )
1 1 !
+ +
1
1
= 1
1
1+
.
12/
x y
x y
2 .3 12
3 .2 18
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
. S:
( ) ( )
x; y 1; 2 = .
13/
x y
y x
3 .5 75
3 .5 45
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
. S:
( ) ( )
x; y 1; 2 = .
14/
x y
x y
2 .3 6
3 .4 12
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
. S:
( ) ( )
x; y 1;1 = .
15/
( )

2
x y 1
3x 2y 3
4 1
5 125

'
1
1
=
1
!
1
=
1
1+
. S:
( ) ( ) ( )
x; y 4; 5 , 8; 9 = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 193 -
16/
( )
2 2
x y 16
x 1
x y 2, x 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
. S:
( ) ( ) ( )
x; y 1; 1 , 5; 3 = .
17/
( )
y 2
2y 3
x 4
x 64; x 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
. S:
( ) ( )
x; y 3; 4 = .
Bi tp 2. Gii cc h phng trnh loga sau
1/
4 4
2
y 2
log x log y 1
log x log y 1
'
1 =
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
. S:
( ) ( )
1
x; y 8;2 , 2;
2
' ' 1
1 1
1 1
= ! !
1 1
( )
1 1
+ +
.
2/
( )
3 3 3
27
log x log y 2 log 2
2
log x y
3
'
1 =
1
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
1+
. S:
( ) ( ) ( )
x; y 6; 3 , 3; 6 = .
3/
2
y lg x 2
y 4 lg x 28
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
. S:
( )
1
x; y ; 36
100
1

=

( )
.
4/
( )
y
2
x y
2log x
log xy log x
y 4y 3
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
. S:
( ) ( )
x; y 3; 3 = .
Bi tp 3. Gii h phng trnh:
( )
( )
2
2
2 y x
2 x y
x y .2 1
9 x y 6
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
S:
( )
( ) ( )
x; y 3;1 , 3;1 = .
( )

4
4
4 y x
4 x y
x y .3 1
8(x y) 6 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
S:
( )
( ) ( )

4 4
x; y 15; 12 , 15; 12 = .
4 2
x 4 y 3 0
log x log x 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
D b i hc nm 2002
S:
( ) ( ) ( )
x; y 1;1 , 9; 3 = .
1 x
y 2y
1
.9 9
3
x 3y 2x
4
x y
'
1
1
1
=
1
1
!
1

1
= 1
1
1
+
.
S:
( ) ( )
3 1
x; y ; , 2; 4
2 2
' ' 1
1 1
1 1
= ! !
1 1
( )
1 1
+ +
.
( )

x y 2y
4
4 3.4 8
x, y
x 3y 2 log 3
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
.
S:
( )
4 4
1 log 3 1 log 3
x; y ;
2 2
1

=

( )
.
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 194 -
( )
3 1
3
x y
log 2x y 2 log x 1
2 2 5
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
1 =
1
+
.
thi th i hc nm 2013 khi A, B THPT on Thng Hi Dng
S:
( ) ( )
x; y 2; 0 = .
2
x y x
x 3 y 2 0
27 3 .9 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
S:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
x; y 1;1 , 1; 1 , 4;2 , 4; 2 = .
( )
2 3
9 3
x 1 2 y 1
3 log 9x log y 3
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
i hc B nm 2005
S:
( ) ( ) ( )
x; y 1;1 , 2;2 = .
( )( )
3x 2y x 3x 2y
2
3 5.6 4.2 0
x y y 2y x 2y x
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
1+
.
S:
( )
3 3
2 2
1
x; y log 4; log 4
2
1

( )
.
( )
2
x x 2
log 3y 1 x
4 2 3y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
i hc khi B nm 2010
S:
( )
1
x; y 1;
2
1

=

( )
.
( )
y
3
3 4 x
3 . x 1 1
x
y log x 1
'
1

1
1 =
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+
.
thi th i hc nm 2013 THPT Tng Duy Tn Thanh Ha
S:
( ) ( )
x; y 3; 0 = .
( )
2
2
2
x 4x y 2 0
2log x 2 log y 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
i hc khi D nm 2010
S:
( ) ( )
x; y 3;1 = .
( ) ( )
2 2
2 3
4x y 2
log 2x y log 2x y 1
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
S:
( )
3 1
x; y ;
4 2
1

=

( )
.
( )
( )
x
y
log 3x 2y 2
log 2x 3y 2
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
i hc Cng on nm 1997
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 195 -
S:
( ) ( )
x; y 5; 5 = .
( ) ( )
2 2
2 5
x y 3
log x y log x y 1
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
S:
( ) ( )
x; y 2;1 = .
( )
( )
3 2
x
3 2
y
log x 2x 3x 5y 3
log y 2y 3y 5x 3
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
D b i hc nm 2002
S:
( ) ( )
x; y 2; 2 = .
( )
2
3 1
2
2 2 2
2log y log x 1
log y log x 1 . log 3
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
1 =
1
+
.
S:
( ) ( )
x; y 2;1 = .
( )
2
3
2 2
8
2
6x 3xy x y 1
log x 1 log 4 2y 1
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
thi th i hc nm 2013 ln I THPT ng Sn I Thanh Ha
S:
( ) ( )
1 2 2 4 3
x; y ; , ; , 0;1
3 3 5 5
' ' 1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
= ! !

1 1
( )
( ) 1 1
1 1 + +
.
( )
2 8
2 2 2 2
log x y 3 log x y 2
x y 1 x y 3
'
1
= 1
1
!
1
= 1
1
+
.
thi th i hc nm 2011 khi A THPT Minh Chu Hng Yn
S:
( ) ( )
x; y 2; 2 = .
( )
1 4
4
2 2
1
log y x log 1
y
x y 25
'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+
.
i hc khi A nm 2004
S:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
x; y 4; 3 , 4; 3 , 3; 4 = .
y x
x y
log xy log y
2 2 3
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
S:
( )
2 2
3 3
x; y log ; log
2 2
1

=

( )
.
2 2 2
3 3 3
x log 3 log y y log x
x log 12 log x y log y
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
.
thi th i hc nm 2011 khi A THPT Lng Ngc Quyn TP. Thi Nguyn
S:
( )

4 4
3 3
x; y log 2; 2log 2
1

=

( )
.
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 196 -
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
4 4 4
2
4 4 4
log x y log 2x 1 log x 3y
x
log xy 1 log 4y 2y 2x 4 log 1
y
'
1
=
1
1
1
1
!

1
=
1
1
( )
1+
.
i hc M a cht nm 1999
S:
( ) ( ) ( )
x; y 2;1 , a, a = vi a 0 .
2 2
2 4
log x 2log y 3
x y 16
'
1 =
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
.
S:
( )
x; y 2 2; 2 2
1

=

( )
.
( )
2
9
2 4
log 4 x 4y
log 3x 1 log y 3
2 3 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
S:
( ) ( )
x; y 5; 4 = .
( )
( )
2014 2
x
2014 2
y
log x 2x 3x 5y 2014
log y 2y 3y 5x 2014
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
S:
( ) ( )
x; y 4; 4 = .
( ) ( )
x y
y x
3 3
4 32
log x y 1 log x y
'
1
1
1 = 1
!
1
1 =
1
1+
.
S:
( ) ( )
x; y 2;1 = .
( ) ( )
1 2
2
x 4y
log x 2y log 3x 1 1
3 3 4
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
1 =
1
+
.
thi th i hc nm 2013 ln 1 khi A, B THPT Quc Oai
S:
( ) ( )
x; y 1; 0 = .
( ) ( )
2
2 2
y 2xy y 2x 2 0
2log 2x y 3log y 1 4
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
thi th i hc nm 2013 ln I THPT Thun Thnh s I
S:
( )
7
x; y ; 3
4
1

=

( )
.
( )
2
3
2 2
8
2
6x 3xy x y 1
log x 1 log 4 2y 1
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
thi th i hc ln I nm 2013 THPT ng Sn I Thanh Ha
S:
( ) ( )
1 2 2 4 3
x; y ; , ; , 0;1
3 3 5 5
' ' 1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
= ! !

1 1
( )
( ) 1 1
1 1 + +
.
x 1 2x
9
x 2
27 3
2 . log y 2 2
9.2 . log y 9 log y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
.
thi th i hc nm 2013 ln I THPT Ng Gia T Bc Ninh
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 197 -
S:
( ) ( )
x; y 1;27 = .
2 xy
y
3 2
1
log x log 16 4
log 2
4x 2x y y 16x 4x y
'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
.
thi th i hc nm 2013 ln III THPT Hng Quang Hi Dng
S:
( )
( )
x; y 2 3; 8 4 3 = .

I L THUYT C BN
Thng thng th ta la chn mt phng trnh ca h bin i v t n ph tm ra mi lin h
gia x, y v kt hp vi phng trnh cn li i vi bi ton t mt n ph.
i vi bi ton t hai n ph, ta tm mi lin h bng cch dng cng thc m, loga hay s bin i
n gin a h v h i s c bn (i xng, ng cp,.).
Sau khi t n ph, ta cn i tm iu kin cho n ph, tc l i tm min xc nh cho bi ton mi.
Ty vo mc ch ca n ph m ta phi i tm iu kin cho hp l (d, khng gy sai st), chung
qui, ta c hai cch tm iu kin: tm iu kin ng v tm iu kin tha nhng c bit i vi bi
ton cha tham s, ta cn tm iu kin cho chnh xc.
II CC TH D
( )
( ) ( )
( )

2
2
log 3
log xy
2 2
9 3 2. xy 1
x y 3x 3y 6 2
'
1
1 =
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Cao ng khi T, M nm 2004 i hc Hng Vng
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: xy 0 .
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2. log xy log xy
1 3 2.3 3 0 =

2
log xy
2
t 3 0
t 2t 3 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

( )
( )
( )

2
2
log xy
log xy
t 3 1 L
t 3 3
= =
= =

( ) ( )

2
log xy 1 xy 2 3 = =
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 x y 3 x y 2xy 6 0 =
( ) ( )

2
x y 3 x y 10 0 =
( )

x y 5
4
x y 2

Dng 2. Gii h m & logarit bng phng php t n s ph
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 198 -
( ) ( ) ( )

xy 2 xy 2
3 , 4 VN
x y 5 x y 2
' '
1 1 = =
1 1

! !
1 1 = =
1 1
+ +

2
5 17 5 17
x x
y 5 x
2 2
x 5x 2 0
5 17 5 17
y y
2 2
' '
1 1

1 1
1 1 ' = =
1 =
1 1
1
1 1 1

! ! !
1 1 1 =

1 1 1
1+
1 1 = =
1 1
1 1 + +
.
Vy nghim ca h l
( )
5 17 5 17 5 17 5 17
x; y ; , ;
2 2 2 2
' ' 1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1

=
! !

1 1

( ) ( ) 1 1
1 1 + +
.
( )
( )

3x 1 y 2 y 3x
2
2 2 3.2 1
3x 1 xy x 1 2

'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

thi th i hc nm 2011 THPT Lng Ti II Bc Ninh
Bi gii tham kho
( )

2
x 1 0
2
3x 1 xy x 1
'
1
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

( )

x 1
x 3x y 1 0
'
1
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

x 1 x 1
x 0 y 1 3x
' '
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1 = =
1 1
+ +
.
Vi x 0 = th
( )
y 2 y
1 2 2 3.2
=

y y y
2
2
x 0
8 8
8 2 12.2 2 y log
8
11 11 y log
11
'
1 =
1
11
= = =
!
1
=
1
1
1+
.
Vi
x 1
y 1 3x
'
1
1
!
1 =
1
+
th
( )
3x 1 3x 1
1 2 2 6

=

3x 1
3x 1
1
2 6
2
=
( )

3x 1
2
1
t 2 do : x 1
4
t 6t 1 0
'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1 =
1
1+

( )
( )

3x 1
3x 1
t 2 3 2 2 L
t 2 3 2 2 N
'
1
= =
1
1
!
1
= =
1
1+

( )
( )

2
2
1
x log 3 2 2 1
3
y 2 log 3 2 2
'
1
l
1
=
1 l
1
l
!
1
1
=
1
1+
.
Vy
( )
( ) ( )

2 2 2
8 1
x; y 0; log , log 3 2 2 1 ; 2 log 3 2 2
11 3
' ' 1 1
1 1
l
1 1
= ! ! l

1 1
l ( ) ( )
1 1
+ +
.
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 199 -
( ) ( ) ( )
( )

1 2
2
x 4y
log x 2y log 3x 1 1 1
3 3 4 2
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
1 =
1
+

thi th i hc ln 1 nm 2013 THPT Quc Oai
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
1
x
3
x 2y 0
'
1
1

1
1
!
1
1
1
1+
.
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 log x 2y log 3x 1 1 =

2
3x 1
log 1
x 2y

3x 1
2
x 2y

3x 1 2x 4y =
x 4y 1 =
( )
4y 1 4y
1 3 3 4

=

4y
4y
1
3.3 4 0
3
=

4y
t 3 0
1
3t 4 0
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
1+

4y
2
t 3 0
3t 4t 1 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

4y
4y
t 3 1
1
t 3
3
= =
= =

4y 0
4y 1

1
y 0
y
4
x 1
x 0
'
1
'
1 1 =
=
1 1 1

! !
1 1 =
1 1 =
+
1
1+
.
So vi iu kin, h phng trnh c nghim:
( ) ( )
x; y 1; 0 = .
( ) ( )
( )

2x y
2x y
2
2 2
3. 7. 6 0
3 3
lg 3x y lg y x 4 lg2 0
'
1
1
1 1
1

1
= 1

!
( ) ( )
1
1
1
=
1
1+

Cao ng Bn Cng Hoa Sen khi A nm 2006
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
x 0
3x y 0
y
x 0
y
y x 0
3 x 0
3
'
1
'
1 1
1 1 1

! !
1 1

1 1
+
1
1+
.
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 200 -
( )
( )( )
2x y 2x y
2 2
3. 7. 6 0
3 3
lg 3x y y x log16
'
1
1 1 1
1
1 =
1

!
( ) ( )
1
1
1
=
1
1+

( )( )

2x y
2
2
3t 7t 6 0, t 0
3
3x y y x 16
'
1
1 1
1
1 = =
1

!
( )
1
1
1
=
1
1+

( )

2x y 2x y
2 2
2 2 2
0 t t 3 L
3 3 3
2xy 3x y 16
'
1
1 1 1
1
1 < = = = =
1

!
( ) ( )
1
1
1
=
1
1+

2 2
2x y 2
2xy 3x y 16
'
1 =
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

( ) ( )

2
2
y 2x 2
2x 2x 2 3x 2x 2 16
'
1 =
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

( )

2
x y 2
y 2x 2
10
3x 4x 20 0
x L
3
= =
'
1 =
1
1

!
1 =
=
1
1+
.
Vy nghim ca h phng trnh l
( ) ( )
x; y 2; 2 = .
( ) ( )
( )

x y
y x
3 3
4 32
log x y 1 log x y
'
1
1
1 = 1
!
1
1 =
1
1+

Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x y 0 .
( )
( ) ( )
x y
5
y x
2
3 3 3
4 4
log x y log x y log 3
'
1
1
1 = 1

!
1
1 =
1
1+

( )( )

x y 5
y x 2
x y x y 3
'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+

2 2
1 5
t
t 2
x y 3 0
x
t
y
'
1
1
1 =
1
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
1
1
=
1
1
1+

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 201 -

2 2
1
t t 2
2
x y 3 0
x
t
y
'
1
1
1 = =
1
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
1
1
=
1
1
1+

2 2
x 1 x
2
y 2 y
x y 3 0
'
1
1
= =
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+

2 2
y 2x x 2y
x y 3 0
'
1 = =
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

2 2 2 2
y 2x x 2y
x y 3 0 x y 3 0
' '
1 1 = =
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1 = =
1 1
1 1 + +

( )

2 2
y 2x x 2y
VN
3x 3 y 1
' '
1 1 = =
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1 = =
1 1
1 1 + +

y 1 y 1
x 2 x 2
' '
1 1 = =
1 1

! !
1 1 = =
1 1
+ +
.
Kt hp vi iu kin, nghim h phng trnh l
( ) ( )
x; y 2;1 = .
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )

2 2
1 x 1 y
1 x 1 y
log 1 2y y log 1 2x x 4 1
log 1 2y log 1 2x 2 2

'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

i hc Quc Gia Tp. H Ch Minh i hc Kinh T khi A nm 1997
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
1 2y y 0 1 y 0 1 y 0
1 x 0 x 1 1 2x x 0
1 x 0
1 x 0 0 y 1 0 1 x 1
1 x 0
0 y 1 0 1 y 1
0 y 1
'
1
' '
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 ' 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1

! ! ! !
1 1 1 1 < < <
< 1 1 1 1
+
1 1 1
1 1 1
< <
1 1 1
<
1+ 1 1 +
1+
.
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 x 1 y
1 log 1 y log 1 x 4

=
( ) ( )

1 x 1 y
log 1 y log 1 x 2

=
( )

1 x
t log 1 y
1
t 2
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
1+

( )

1 x
2
t log 1 y
t 2t 1 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

( )

1 x
t log 1 y 1
= =
1 y 1 x =
( )
y x 3 =
Thay
( )
3 vo
( )
2 ta c:
( ) ( )
1 x 1 x
log 1 2x log 1 2x 2

=
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 202 -
( )( )

1 x
log 1 2x 1 2x 2
=
( )

2
2
1 4x 1 x =

2
5x 2x 0 =

2
x
x 0
5
y 0 2
y
5
'
1
1
= '
1 1 =
1 1 1

! !
1 1 =
1 1
+ =
1
1
1+
.
( )
2 2
x; y ;
5 5
1

=

( )
.
( ) ( )
( ) ( )

2
1 x 2 y
1 x 2 y
2 log xy y 2x 2 log x 1 6
log y 5 log x 4 1

'
1
1 =
1
!
1
=
1
1+

( )
( )
1
2

thi th i hc nm 2012 THPT on Thng Hi Dng
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
0 1 x 1 0 x 1
0 2 y 1 1 y 2
' '
1 1 < <
1 1
! !
1 1 <
1 1
+ +
.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 x 2 y
1 2log y 1 x 2 1 x 2log 1 x 6

l
=
l
l

( )( )

1 x 2 y
2log 1 x y 2 2log 1 x 6

l
=
l
l

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

1 x 2 y
log 1 x . y 2 log 1 x 3 do : 0 x 1

l
= <
l
l

( ) ( )

1 x 2 y
log y 2 log 1 x 2

=
( )
( )

1 x
1 x
1
log y 2 2
log y 2

( )

1 x
t log y 2
1
t 2
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
1+

( )

2
1 x
t 2t 1 0
t log y 2
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

( )

1 x
t log y 2 1
= =
y 2 1 x = .
Thay vo phng trnh
( )
2 , ta c:
( ) ( ) ( )
1 x 1 x
2 log 4 x log 4 x 1

=

1 x
4 x
log 1
4 x

4 x
1 x
4 x

2
x 2x 0 =

x 0 x 2
y 1 y 1
' '
1 1 = =
1 1

! !
1 1 = =
1 1
+ +
.
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 203 -
So vi iu kin, h c nghim duy nht l
( ) ( )
x; y 2;1 = .
( )

x x
2 2
x 2
2
2 log y 2 log y 5
4 log y 5
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

Cao ng Xy Dng s 2 nm 2006
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: y 0 .
t
x
2
u 2 0, v log y = = . Lc :
( )
2 2
u v uv 5
u v 5
'
1 =
1
1

!
1 =
1
1+

( )
( )

2
2 u v 2uv 10
u v 2uv 5
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

( )
( ) ( )

2
u v 2 u v 15 0
=

u v 3 u v 5
uv 2 uv 10
' '
1 1 = =
1 1

! !
1 1 = =
1 1
+ +
(v nghim)

u 1 u 2
v 2 v 1
' '
1 1 = =
1 1

! !
1 1 = =
1 1
+ +

x x
2 2
2 1 2 2
log y 2 log y 1
' '
1 1
= =
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1 = =
1 1
1 1 + +

x 2 x 4
y 4 y 2
' '
1 1 = =
1 1

! !
1 1 = =
1 1
+ +
.
So vi iu kin, nghim ca h phng trnh l:
( ) ( ) ( )
x; y 2; 4 , 4;2 = .
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )

3 3
log xy log xy
2 2
4 4 4
4 2 2 1
1
log 4x 4y log x log x 3y 2
2
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
1+

Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 0, y 0 .
t
( )
3
log xy
t 2 0 = .
( ) ( ) ( )

2
1 t t 2 0 t 2 N t 1 L = = = .
Vi
( )
( )
3
log xy
3
3
t 2 2 2 log xy 1 xy 3 y
x
= = = = = .
( )
2
4 4 4 2
36 1 9
2 log 4x log x log x
2 x x
1 1

=

( ) ( )

2
4 4 2
36 9
log 4x log 2x x
x x
l 1 1

l
=

l

( ) ( )
l
l

2 2
2
36
4x 2x 18
x
=

4 2
x 9x 18 0 =
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Page - 204 -

2
2
x 3 y 3
x 3
6
x 6
x 6 y
2
= =

=
= =
.
Vy nghim ca h l
( )
( )
6
x; y 3; 3 , 6;
2
' ' 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
=
! !

1 1

( ) 1 1
1 1 + +
.
( )

2 3
2 3
log x 3 5 log y 5
3 log x 1 log y 1
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Cao ng S Phm Tp. H Ch Minh khi A nm 2006
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:

3 3
2 2
x 0, y 0 x 0, y 0 x 0, y 0
x 2
5 log y 0 log y 5 y 162
0 y 162
log x 1 0 log x 1 x 2
' ' '
1 1 1

1 1 1
'
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1

! ! ! !
1 1 1 1 <
1 1 1 1
+
1 1 1
1 1 1
+ + +
.
t:
2
3 3
2
2
2
a 5 log y 0 a 5 log y
b log x 1
b log x 1 0
'
' 1
1
= =
1
1
1 1
! !
1 1
=
=
1 1
1+
1+
.
( )
2
2
b 1 3a 5
3b a 5 1
'
1
=
1
1

!
1 =
1
1+

2
2
b 3a 4
a 3b 4
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

2 2
b 3a a 3b =

2 2
b a 3a 3b 0 =
( )( ) ( )
b a b a 3 b a 0 =
( )( )
b a b a 3 0 =

a b
a b 3

2 2
a b b 3 a
a 3a 4 0 a 9 3a 3
' '
1 1 = =
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1 = =
1 1
1 1 + +

( ) ( )

2
a b b 3 a
a 1 a 4 L a 3a 6 0 VN
' '
1 1 = =
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1 = = =
1 1
1 1 + +

3
2
a 5 log y 1
b log x 1 1
'
1
= =
1
1
!
1
= =
1
1+

3
2
5 log y 1
log x 1 1
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+

3
2
log y 4
log x 2
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+

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Page - 205 -

4
y 3 81
x 4
'
1
= =
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
.
( ) ( )
x; y 4; 81 = .
( ) ( )
( )

2x y 2 x 2y x y
3 3
3 3 27 9
log x 1 log y 1 1

'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 1; y 1 .
( )
( )
( )( )
3 x y
2x y 1 x 2y 1
3
3.3 3.3 3 9
log x 1 y 1 1
'
1
=
1
1

!
1
=
1
1+

( )
( )( ) ( )

2x y 1 x 2y 1 3x 3y
3.3 3.3 3 9 1
x 1 y 1 3 2

'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

t
2x y 1
3x 3y
x 2y 1
a 3 0
a.b 3
b 3 0

'
1
=
1
1
=
!
1 =
1
1+
.
( )
1 3a 3b ab 9 =
( )
3a ab 3b 9 0 =
( ) ( )
a 3 b 3 3 b 0 =
( )( )

a 3
a 3 3 b 0
b 3

Vi
2x y 1
a 3 3 3 2x y 1 1 y 2x

= = = = .
( ) ( )( )
2 x 1 2x 1 3 : = v nghim.
Vi
x 2y 1
b 3 3 3 x 2y 1 1 x 2 2y

= = = = .
( ) ( )( )

2
1
y 0
y
2 3 2y y 1 3 2y y 0
2
x 2
x 1
'
1
'
1 1 =
=
1 1 1
= =
! !
1 1 =
1 1 =
+
1
1+
.
( ) ( )
1
x; y 2; 0 , 1;
2
' ' 1
1 1
1 1
= ! !
1 1
( )
1 1
+ +
.
( )

2 2
2
2x 2 2x y y
2y 2 2x y
4 2 4 1
1
2 3.2 16

'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Bi gii tham kho
( )
( )
( )

2
2
2
2 x 1
x 1 y 2y
2y x 1 y
4 4.4 .2 2 1
1 2
2 3.4 .2 4
'
1
1
=
1
!
1
= 1
1
+

t
2
x 1 y
a 4 0; b 2 0
= = .
( )
( )
( )

2 2
2
a 4ab b 1 3
2
b 3ab 4 4
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

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Page - 206 -
( )
2
b 4
4 a
3b
=
( )
4 2
3 2b 31b 16 0 =

2
y
2
x 1
2 4 b 4 y 2
b 16
a 1 x 1
4 1
'
' ' 1
1 1 = = =
1
1 1 1
=
! ! !
1 1 1 = =
=
1 1 1
+ +
1+
.
Vy h c hai cp nghim:
( ) ( ) ( )
x; y 1; 2 , 1; 2 = .
BI TP TNG T
Bi tp 35. Gii cc h phng trnh sau:
1/
x y
x y
4 3 7
4 .3 144
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
. S:
( ) ( )
x; y 2; 2 = .
2/
x y
x y
7 16 0
4 49 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
. S:
( ) ( )
x; y 0; 0 = .
3/
x y
x y
2 3 17
3.2 2.3 6
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
. S:
( ) ( )
x; y 3; 2 = .
4/
y 1
y
x 3 2
3x 9 18
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
. S:
( )
3
2
x; y ; log 4
3
1

=

( )
.
5/
y 1
y
x 2 3
4x 4 32
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
. S:
( ) ( )
2
x; y 17; log 10 = .
6/
2
2
x y
x y
2 2
3 2 77
3 2 7
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+
. S:
( )
( )
3 2
x; y 2log 2; 2 log 3 = .
7/
x y
x y
11
3.2 2.3
4
3
2 3
4
'
1
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1
1+
. S:
( )
2 3
17 8
x; y log ; log
20 5
1

=

( )
.
8/
2x 2 2y 2
x 1 y
3 2 17
2.3 3.2 8

'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
. S:
( ) ( )
x; y 1;1 = .
9/
x x y
x x y 1
2 2.3 56
3.2 3 87

'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
. S:
( ) ( )
x; y 1; 2 = .
10/

x y
x y
3.2 2.3 2, 75
2 3 0, 75
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
. S:
( ) ( )
x; y 2; 0 = .
11/
( )
( )

y 2x
1
2x y
x y .2 625
x y 5
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
= 1
1
+
.
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Page - 207 -
12/
( )
x
5(y )
y 4x
3
3 1
x y
x y ; x, y 0
'
1
1
= 1
!
1
1 =
1
+
.
13/
( )
3y 2x 1 2y x
y
4 8
4
2 2.2
2
3
log x. 3log y 2
2

'
1
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1
1+
. S:
( ) ( )
1 1
x; y ; , 2;2
8 8
' ' 1
1 1
1 1
= ! !
1 1
( )
1 1
+ +
.
14/
x y x y
3 6
2 2
2 2 6
x 5y 6xy

'
1
1
= 1
!
1
1 =
1
+
. S:
( ) ( ) ( )
x; y 5;1 , 3; 3 = .
15/
x y x y
2 4
2 2
3 3 12
x 3y 4xy

'
1
1
= 1
!
1
1 =
1
+
. S:
( ) ( ) ( )
x; y 3;1 , 2; 2 = .
16/
y
2
2y
2
4 . log x 4
log x 2 4
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
. S:
( )
1
x; y 4;
2
1

=

( )
.
1/
( )
2
y y 2
x y 2
x 1 1

'
1 =
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
2/
( )
y
1
2
y
x 9
324 2x
'
1
1 =
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+
.
3/
( )
2
2
2
2 x 1
x 1 y 2y
y x 1 y
9 4.9 .5 5 1 0
25 3.9 .5 4
'
1
1
=
1
!
1
= 1
1
+
. S:
( ) ( ) ( )
4 4
x; y 1; log 5 , 1; log 5 = .
4/
2 tan x cos y
cos y tan y
9 3
9 81 2
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
. S:
( )
x; y k ; k2
3
1

( )
.
5/
( )
1
1
2
28x 7y
x
y
2
y x
xy .x y
'
1
1
= 1
1
!
1
1
= 1
1+
.
6/
( )
( )
y x
1 1
x y
x y
2 3
x y .2 48
'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+
.
7/
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
x 1 y x 1 y
cos x y 1, y 0
4 32 31.2

' l
1
=
1
l
1 l
!
1
1 =
1
+
.
3 5
5 3
3 5 log y 5 log x
3 log x 1 log y 1
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
S:
( ) ( )
x; y 25; 81 = .
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Page - 208 -
( ) ( )
2
2
x y
x y
2 4.3 32
2 2. 3 4
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
= 1
1
1+
.
thi th i hc ln 3 nm 2013 khi B, D THPT L Thi T Bc Ninh
S:
( )
( ) ( )
x; y 2;2 , 2; 2 = .
1/
( )
3
x y 2 3
log xy 1
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
2/
x y
2
log y log x 2
x y 20
'
1 =
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
.
3/
4 4 4
log x log y 1 log 9
x y 20 0
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
.
4/
2 2
3 3
2 2
x
log 1 2 log y
y
log x log y 4
' 1
1
1
= 1

1

1 ( )
!
1
=
1
1
1
1+
.
5/
( )
2 2
2
4 2
log x y 5
2log x log y 4
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
6/
2
1
2
log xy 5
x
log 1
y
'
1 =
1
1
1
!
1 =
1
1
1+
.
7/
x
xy 64
log y 5
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
.
8/
2
y 2
4 4
log x log y 1
log x log y 1
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
.
9/
2 2
log y log x
2 2
x y 16
log x log y 2
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
10/
( )
2 2
2
3 3
log x y 6 4
log x log y 1
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
11/
3 3
log y log x
3 3
x 2.y 27
log y log x 1
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
12/
2 2
log y log x
2
4 2
3.x 2.y 10
log x log y 2
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
13/
( )
( )
x
y
log 2x y 2 2
log 2y x 2 2
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
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Page - 209 -
14/
( )
2
2
log xy 4
x
log 2
y
'
1
=
1
1
1
1
!

1 =
1
1
( )
1+
.
15/
( )
y x
2 2
6
5
log x log y
2
log x y 1
'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+
.
16/
( ) ( )
2 2
log x y 5 log x y
lg x lg 4
1
lg y lg 3
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
=
1
1

1+
.
17/
( )
x
x 1
log y 2
log y 23 3
'
1 =
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
.
18/
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
lg x y 1 lg 8
lg x y lg x y lg 3
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
19/
( )
2
xy y
2
y
log log x 1
x
log y x 1
'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+
.
20/
( )
( )
xy
xy
log x y 1
log x y 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
21/
y x
2
log x log y 2
x y 12
'
1 =
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
.
22/
2
y log x 2
y 4 lg x 28
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
23/
2
y 2lg x 3
y 3lg x 1
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
24/
( ) ( )
3
2 2
log x y log x y 1
x y 1
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
25/
( )
x y xy 2
x 2 log . log x y 1
x y 2 3
'
1
= 1
1
!
1
1 =
1
+
.
26/
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
1 x 1 y
1 x 1 y
log y 1 log x 1 4
log 2y 1 log 2x 1 2

'
1
1 =
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
27/
( )
( )
xy
5 xy
log x y 1
2 log xy . log x y 1
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
28/
( )
5
2
y
4 y
xy log x x
log y. log y 3x 1
'
1
1
= 1
!
1
1 =
1
+
.
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Page - 210 -
29/
3
2 2
2
2
2
5 log x log y log 2
log x 8 log x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
.
30/
2 2
2 2
2 2
x
log xy. log 3
y
log x log y 5
'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+
.
31/
( )
y x
2 log x log y 5
xy 8
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
32/
( )( )
2 2
3 3
x y log y log x 2 xy
x y 16
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
33/
2
y 2
4 4
log x log y 1
log x log y 1
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
.
Bi tp 40. Gii cc h phng trnh m logarit
1/
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
3 3
x 2xy y
log x y 17 2 log xy
3 16

'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
. S:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
x; y 1; 3 , 3;1 , 1; 3 , 3; 1 = .
2/
( )
x y
1
3
3 .2 18
log x y 1
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
=
1
1
1
1+
.
3/
( )
x y
3
3 .2 972
log x y 2
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
4/
2
log x
4
2 2
2 y
log x log y 1
'
1
1 =
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
5/
( ) ( )
lg x lg y
lg 4 lg 3
3 4
4x 3y
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
6/
4
y
y 1 log x
x 4096
'
1 =
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
7/
lg y
xy 40
x 4
'
1 =
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
8/
8 8
log y log x
4 4
x y 5
log x log y 1
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
9/
( ) ( )
0,5 5
log x y log x y
2 2
2 5
1
log x log y
2
'
1
1 =
1
1
!
1
= 1
1
1+
.
10/
y
2
y y 1
2 2
2log x 3 15
3 . log x 2. log x 3

'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
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Page - 211 -
11/
( )
y
2
x y
2 log x
log xy log x
y 4y 3
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
12/
( ) ( )
x y
y x
3 3
4 32
log x y 1 log x y
'
1
1
1
1 =
!
1
1
=
1
1+
.
13/
( )
( ) ( )
x 2y
x y
2 2
1
3
3
log x y log x y 4
'
1
1
1
1
= 1
1
!
( )
1
1
1 =
1
1+
.
14/
( ) ( )
x y
2 2
x y x y
log x log y 1
'
1
1 =
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
15/
( )
( )
3
3
log 2
log xy
2 2
4 2 xy
x y 3x 3y 12
'
1
1 =
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
16/
3 3
log y log x
3 3
x 2y 27
log y log x 1
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
17/
y
2
x y
2 log x
log xy log x
y 4y 3
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
18/
lg y
lg x lg y 4
x 1000
'
1 =
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
19/
( )
x 2y
6
x 36
4 x 2y log x 9
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
20/
( )
( )
y x
5
5
x y .3
27
3log x y x y
'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+
.
21/
4
y
3
4
x y
3
x x y
y x
'
1
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1
1 =
1
1+
.
22/
( )
x y 12
x y 3
x y
, x, y 0
y x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
23/
2
a x y xy
x y a 1
2 .4 2

'
1 =
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
24/
( )
y x
2 2
6
5
log x log y
2
log x y 1
'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+
.
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Page - 212 -
25/
( )
5
2
y
4 y
xy log x x
log y. log y 3x 1
'
1
1
1
= 1
!
1
1
=
1
1+
.
Bi tp 41. Gii cc h phng trnh logarit sau
1/
2
y 2
4 4
log x log y 1
log x log y 1
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
S:
2/
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
3 x 2 y
3 x 2 y
2 log 6 3y xy 2x log x 6x 9 6
log 5 y log x 2 1

'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
S:
3/
( )
( )
2 2
2 3
2 2
2 3
log 1 3 1 x log 1 y 2
log 1 3 1 y log 1 x 2
' 1
1
1 =
1
( )
1
!
1
1
1 =
1
( )
1
+
.
S:
4/
( )
( )
xy
5 xy
log x y 1
2log xy . log x y 1
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
S:
5/
3
2 2
2
2
2
5log x log y log 2
log x 8 log x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
S:
6/
2 4 1
2
4 2
log x log y 2log 4
log x log y 5lg10
'
1 =
1
1
!
1
= 1
1
+
.
S:
7/
( )
( )
2 3
2 3
log 1 3 sin x log 3cos y
log 1 3 cos y log 3 sin x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
S:
8/
( )
4
6 2
1
log x x log x
4
16
sin 1
x
x
1 cos
x 4
cos
16
'
1
1
=
1
1
1
1
1
1
!
1
1
<
1
1
1
1
1
1+
.
S:
Bi tp 42. Gii cc h bt phng trnh m logarit
1/
x y
2 2 1
x y 2
'
1

1
1
!
1

1
1+
.
2/
x y 1 2y 1
4
4 3.4 2
x 3y 2 log 3
'
1

1
1
!
1

1
1+
.
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Page - 213 -
3/
( )
( )
2
3
x 2x 2 log 5
y 4
2
3 5
4 y y 1 y 3 8

'
1
1
1 =
1
!
1
1

1
1+
.
4/
( )
2
3
x 5x 6 log 2
y 1
2
3 2
2 y 2 5 y y 3 5

'
1
1
1 =
1
!
1
1

1
1+
.
5/
( )
2
4
x 8x 12 log 7
2y 1
2
4 7
y 3 3 y 2 y 1 1

'
1
1
1 =
1
!
1
1

1
1+
.
6/
( )
2
5
x 5x 4 log 2
y 3
2
5 2
3 y 5 y 1 y 2 3

'
1
1
1 =
1
!
1
1

1
1+
.
7/
2 2
2 2
3
2
log x log x 0
x
3x 5x 9 0
3
'
1
<
1
1
1
!
1
1
1
1+
.
8/
( )
( ) ( )
x
x 1 x 1 x
2 2 2
log x 2 2
log 2 log 2 1 log 7.2 12

'
1

1
1
!
1
<
1
1+
.
9/
( )
( )
7 x
y 1
log y 4 0
log 3 x 0
'
1
<
1
1
!
1
<
1
1+
.
10/
( )
( )
2 x
4 y
log 2 y 0
log 2x 2 0
'
1

1
1
!
1

1
1+
.
11/
( )
( )
x 1
4 y
log 5 y 0
log 2x 2 0
'
1

1
1
!
1

1
1+
.
12/
( )
1 1
3 2
log 5 x log 3 x
1
x
3
'
1
<
1
1
1
1
!
1
1

1
1
1+

.
13/
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
x 1 x
x
x 1 lg2 lg 2 1 lg 7.2 12
log x 2 2
'
1
<
1
1
!
1

1
1+
.
14/
( )
2
2
x 4
0
x 16x 64
lg x 7 lg x 5 2lg2
'
1

1
1
1
!
1
1
1
1+
.
3x 2
x x 1
x
2 5y 4y
4 2
y
2 2
'
1
=
1
1
1
!

1
=
1
1

1+
.
S:
( ) ( ) ( )
x; y 0;1 , 2; 4 = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 214 -
3 3
log y log x
3 3
x 2y 27
log y log x 1
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
S:
( ) ( )
1 1
x; y 3; 9 , ;
9 3
' ' 1
1 1
1 1
= ! !
1 1
( )
1 1
+ +
.
y x
x y
log xy log y
2 2 3
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
thi th i hc 2012 17 Thy Vn Ph Quc i hc Qung Nam
S:
( )
2 2
3 3
x; y log ; log
2 2
1

=

( )
.
3 3
2y
x
3
log x log y 1 0
9.4 2.4 4
'
1 =
1
1
!
1
= 1
1
+
.
thi th i hc nm 2013 ln I THPT c Th H Tnh
S:
( ) ( )
x; y 1; 3 = .
( )
3
2 x
x log y 3
2y y 12 3 81y
'
1 =
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
.
S:
( ) ( )
x; y 2; 3 = .
( )
( )
2 2 2
2
lg x lg y lg xy
lg x y lg x. lg y 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
thi th i hc nm 2010 TTBDVH & LTH Thnh t
S:
( ) ( )
2
x; y 2;1 , 2;
2
' ' 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
=
! !

1 1

( ) 1 1
1 1 + +
.
2 2 2
3 3 3
x log 3 log y y log x
x log 12 log x y log y
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
.
thi th i hc nm 2011 khi A THPT Lng Ngc Quyn Thi Nguyn
S:
( )

4 4
3 3
x; y log 2; 2log 2
1

=

( )
.
( ) ( )
2 2
xy 2x y 6
log x 1 . log y 2 2
'
1 =
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
.
thi th i hc 2011 t 1 TTBDVH Thng Long Tp. H Ch Minh
S:
( ) ( ) ( )
x; y 1; 2 , 3; 0 = .
3x 1 y 2 y 3x
2
2 2 3.2
3x 1 xy x 1

'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
thi th i hc nm 2013 khi A THPT Sm Sn Thanh Ha
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Page - 215 -
S:
( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
1 log 3 2 2
8
x; y 0; log , ; 2 log 3 2 2
11 3
1

1

=

( )

( )
.
( )( )
3x 2y x 3x 2y
2
3 5.6 4.2 0
x y y 2y x 2y x
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
1+
.
S:
( ) ( )
3 3
2 2
x; y 0; 0 , 2log 2; log 2
' ' 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
= ! !

1 1

1 1 ( )
1 1 + +
.
( )
( )
( )

2
x y
2
4 2 2
log xy log x 4
x, y
2log y log x. log 6 x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
thi th i hc nm 2013 khi A, B THPT ng Thc Ha Ngh An
S:
( ) ( ) ( )
x; y 4; 4 , 2; 4 = .
2 2
x y 1
y x x y
2 3

'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
.
thi th i hc nm 2010 ln 1 khi D THPT Phan Chu Trinh Nng
S:
( ) ( )
2 6 6
3
x; y log ; 3 , log 9;1 log 9
' ' 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
= ! !

1 1

1 1 ( )
1 1 + +
.
2 2 2 2 2
3x 2y 8x 4y 8 x 4y 5 2x y 4x 4
2 2 33.2
2x y 2 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
thi th i hc nm 2013 ln II THPT Chuyn HSP H Ni
S:
( )
10 2 5 10 4 5 10 3 5 10 6 5
x; y ; , ;
5 5 5 5
1 1

=

( ) ( )

.

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 216 -

I L THUYT C BN
Xem li l thuyt gii phng trnh v bt phng trnh m loga s dng tnh n iu v bt ng
thc.
Thng thng, ta chn mt phng trnh thc hin tnh cht n iu ca hm s, ri kt hp vi
phng trnh cn li. gii phng trnh cn li, ta cn nm vng cc phng php gii phng
trnh m, loga, i s v thng gp nht l phng trnh i s.
II CC TH D
( )( ) ( )
( )

x y
2 2
2 2 y x xy 2 1
x y 2 2
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

i hc Quc Gia H Ni khi A nm 1995
Bi gii tham kho
Thay
( )
2 vo
( )
1 ta c:
( ) ( )( )
x y 2 2
1 2 2 y x xy x y =

x y 3 3
2 2 y x =

x 3 y 3
2 x 2 y =
( ) ( ) ( )
f x f y 3 =
Xt hm s
( )
t 3
f t 2 t = trn .
( ) ( )
t 2
f ' t 2 . ln2 2t 0, t f t : = ng bin trn
( )
4
T
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 , 4 f x f y x y = = .
( )
2
2 2x 2 x y 1 = = = .
Vy h c nghim duy nht
( ) ( )
x; y 1;1 = .
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )

3 2
3 2
2 x 2x y 1 x y 1 1
y 4x 1 ln y 2x 0 2
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
2
y 2x 0 .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
1 2 x 2x 2 y 1 x y 1 =
( ) ( )( )

2 2
2x x 2 y 1 2 x 0 =
( )( )

2
x 2 2x y 1 0 =
( )

2
2x y 1 0 do : x 2 0 =
y 2x 1 =
( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
2 2x 1 4x 1 ln 2x 1 1 0
l
=
l
l
l

Dng 3. Gii h m & logarit bng phng php n iu hm s v bt ng thc
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 217 -
Xt hm s
( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
f x 2x 1 4x 1 ln 2x 1 1
l
=
l
l
l
trn .
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
2
2 2x 1
f ' x 3 2x 1 4
2x 1 1
=

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
4 2
2
3 2x 1 7 2x 1 2 2x 1 4
f ' x
2x 1 1

=

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )

2 4 2
2
3 2x 1 6 2x 1 2x 1 1 3
f ' x 0, x
2x 1 1
l

l
l
=

.
( )
f x : ng bin trn .
Ta li c:
( ) ( )
f x f 0 0 x 0 y 1 = = = = .
( ) ( )
x; y 0; 1 = .
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )

7 3
2 3 2
2 log 2x 3y log 2 2x 3y 1
ln 4x x 1 x 21 9y 2
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: 2x 3y 0 .
t
( )
t
7
log 2x 3y t 2x 3y 7 = = .
( ) ( )
t
3
1 log 2 7 2t =

t t
2 7 9 =
( )

t t
1 7
2. 1 3
9 9
1 1

=

( ) ( )

Xt hm s
( )
t t
1 7
f t 2.
9 9
1 1

=

( ) ( )
trn .
( )

t t
1 1 7 7
f ' t 2. . ln . ln 0, t
9 9 9 9
1 1

= <

( ) ( )
.
( )
f t : nghch bin trn .
Do , phng trnh
( )
3 c nghim duy nht v
( ) ( )
f t f 1 1 t 1 = = = .
2x 3y 7 3y 7 2x = = .
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 3
2 ln 4x x 1 x 21 7 2x =
( )

2 3
ln 4x x 1 x 6x 0 =
( )
4
Xt hm s
( ) ( )
2 3
f x ln 4x x 1 x 6x = trn .
( )

2
2 2
2 2
8x 1 24x 14x 7
f ' x 3x 6 3x 0, x
4x x 1 4x x 1

= =

.
( )
f x : ng bin trn
( )
4 c nghim duy nht v
( ) ( )
7
f x f 0 0 x 0 y
3
= = = = .
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Page - 218 -
( )
7
x; y 0;
3
1

=

( )
.
( )
( ) ( )

x y x y
x y
e e 2 x 1
, x, y
e x y 1

'
1
=
1
1

!
1
=
1
1+

thi th i hc nm 2009 ln 1 THPT ng Sn I
Bi gii tham kho
( )
x y
x y
e x y 1
e x y 1
'
1
=
1
1

!
1 =
1
1+

v
u
e u 1
,
e v 1
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
vi
u x y
v x y
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+

v u
e e u v
=

v u
e v e u =
( ) ( )
f v f u =
Xt hm s
( )
t
f t e t = trn .
( ) ( )
t
f ' t e 1 0, t f t : = ng bin trn .
( ) ( )
y 0
f v f u u v x y x y
x 0
'
1 =
1
= = =
!
1 =
1
+
.
Vy h c nghim duy nht x y 0 = = .
( )
( )

2014
3 3
2 2
2y
log x 2y 1
x
x y
x y 2
xy
' 1
1
1
= 1

1
( )
1
!
1
1
=
1
1
1+

Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: xy 0 .
( ) ( )
x
3 3 2 2
2 x y xy y 0 x 0, y 0 = .
( )
x 2y
2y
1 2014
x
=

x
2y
2y 2014
x 2014
=

2y x
2y.2014 x.2014 =
( ) ( )
f 2y f x =
( )
3
Xt hm s
( )
t
f t t.2014 = trn khong
( )
0; .
( ) ( )
t
t
f ' t 2014 1 0, t 0;
ln2014
1

=

( )

( )
4
T
( ) ( )
3 , 4 2y x = .
Thay x 2y = vo
( )
2 , ta c:
( )
( )
( )
3
3
2
2
2
2y y
2 2y y
2y
=
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 219 -
( )

2
9
9
x
y 9
5
y 5y
10
9
2
y 0 L
y
10
'
1
1
=
1
=
1
1
=
!
1
1
=
=
1
1
1+
.
Vy nghim h l:
( )
9 9
x; y ;
5 10
1

=

( )
.
( )
( ) ( ) ( )

2 2
2
y x
2
3 2
x 2014
2013 1
y 2014
3 log x 2y 6 2log x y 2 1 2
'
1

1
=
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+

Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
( )

x 2y 6 0
3
x y 2 0
'
1
1
!
1
1
+

( )
2
2 2
2013 2
x 2014
1 y x log
y 2014

( ) ( )

2 2 2 2
2013 2013
y x log x 2014 log y 2014 =
( ) ( )

2 2 2 2
2013 2013
y log y 2014 x log x 2014 =
( ) ( )

2 2
f y f x =
( )
4
Xt hm s
( ) ( )
f
2013
t t log t 2014 = trn
)
0;
.
( )
( )
)
1
f ' t 1 0, t 0;
t 2014 ln2013
.
( )
f t ng bin trn
)
0;

( )
5
T
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
y x
4 , 5 f y f x y x
y x
= =
.
Vi y x = th
( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
2 3 log 3x 6 2 log 2x 2 1 =
( ) ( )

3 2
3log 3. x 2 2 log 2. x 1 1
l l
=
l l
l l

( ) ( )

3 2
3 1 log x 2 2 1 log x 1 1
l l
=
l l
l l

( ) ( )

3 2
3 log x 2 2 log x 1 =
( )
6
t:
( ) ( )
3 2
3log x 2 2log x 1 6u = = . Khi :
( )
( )
( )
3
2
log x 2 2u
6
log x 1 3u
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

2u
3u
x 2 3
x 1 2
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

u
u
x 9 2
x 8 1
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

u u
9 2 8 1 =

u u
8 1 9 =
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Page - 220 -
( )

u u
8 1
f u 1
9 9
1 1

= =

( ) ( )
.
Xt hm s
( )
u u
8 1
f u
9 9
1 1

=

( ) ( )
trn .
( )

u u
8 8 1 1
f ' u . ln . ln 0, u
9 9 9 9
1 1

= <

( ) ( )
.
( )
f u nghch bin trn .
Ta li c:
( ) ( )
f u f 1 1 u 1 = = = .
Vi
u
u
x 9 2 x y 7
u 1 x y 7
x y 7 x 8 1
' '
1 1 = = =
1 1 1
= = =
! !
1 1 = = =
1 1
+ 1+
.
Vi y x = th
( ) ( )
3 2
2 3 log y 6 2 log 2 1 =
( )

3
log y 6 1 =
y 6 3 =
y 3 x 3 = = .
So vi iu kin
( )
3 , nghim ca h l
( ) ( ) ( )
x; y 3; 3 , 7; 7 = .
( ) ( )

2 y 1
2 x 1
x x 2x 2 3 1
x, y
y y 2y 2 3 1
'
1
= 1
1

!
1
=
1
1+

D b i hc khi A nm 2007
Bi gii tham kho
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )

2
y 1 2 v
2 2 u
x 1
x 1 x 1 1 3 u u 1 3 1
v v 1 3 2
y 1 y 1 1 3
'
1
'
1 1
= = 1 1
1 1

! !
1 1
=
1 1
=
1 1 +
1+
vi
u x 1
v y 1
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
.
( ) ( )
2 2 v u
1 2 u v u 1 v 1 3 3 =

2 u 2 v
u u 1 3 v v 1 3 =
( ) ( )
f u f v =
( )
3
Xt hm s
( )
2 t
f t t t 1 3 = trn .
( )

2
t t
2 2
t t t 1
f ' t 1 3 ln 3 3 ln 3 0, t
t 1 t 1

= =

.
hm s
( )
f t ng bin trn
( )
4
T
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 , 4 f u f v u v = = .
Thay u v = vo
( )
1 , ta c:
( )
u 2
1 3 u u 1 =
( )

2
3
u log u u 1 =
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 221 -
( )

2
3
u log u u 1 0 = .
Xt hm s
( )
( )
2
3
f u u log u u 1 = trn .
( )
( )

2
2 2
u
1
1
u 1
f ' u 1 1 0, u
u 1. ln 3 u u 1 . ln3
= =

.
( )
f u ng bin trn .
Ta li c:
( ) ( )
u x 1 0 x 1
f x f 0 0 u 0 v 0
v y 1 0 y 1
' '
1 1 = = =
1 1
= = = =
! !
1 1 = = =
1 1
+ +
.
Vy h c nghim duy nht
( ) ( )
x; y 1;1 = .
( )
( )

3 3
x x y y
2 3
x
e ln e 0 1
y
2y 5x 1 7 x 1 2

'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+

Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 1 v y 0 .
( )
3 3
x x y y
1 e ln x ln y e 0

=

3 3
x x y y
e ln x e ln y

=
( ) ( )
f x f y =
( )
3
Xt hm s
( )
3
t t
f t e ln t
= trn khong
( )
1; .
( ) ( ) ( )
3
2 t t
1
f ' t 3t 1 .e 0, t 1;
t
= .
( )
f t : ng bin trn
( )
1;
( )
4
T
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 , 4 f x f y x y = = .
( )
2 3
2 2x 5x 1 7 x 1 =
( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )

2 2
3 x 1 2 x x 1 7 x 1 x x 1 =

2 2
x x 1 x x 1
3 2. 7
x 1 x 1

=

( )
5
t
( )
2
x x 1
t , t 0
x 1

=
.
( )

2
1
5 2t 7t 3 0 t t 3
2
= = = .
Vi
2
2
x x 1 1
t 4x 4x 3 0 :
x 1 2

= = =
v nghim.
Vi
2
2
x x 1
t 3 x 8x 10 0 x 4 6
x 1

= = = =
.
( )
( ) ( )
x; y 4 6; 4 6 , 4 6; 4 6 = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 222 -
Lu :
( )
, ti dng ng nht:
( ) ( )
2 2
2x 5x 1 x 1 x x 1 = tm hai s
3, 2 = = . tm hiu k hn v vn ny, cc em hc sinh nn c Chuyn
phng trnh, bt phng trnh, h phng trnh i s ca cng tc gi.
( )
( )

3 3
2
2
x
x x log 8y 2y 1 1
y
1
y xy 0 2
4
'
1
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1
1+

Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
x
0, y 0 xy 0
y
.
( )
3 3
2 2
1 x x log x log y 8y 2y 1 =
( ) ( )

3
3
2 2 2
x x log x 2y 2y log y log 2 =
( ) ( )

3
3
2 2
x x log x 2y 2y log 2y =
( ) ( )
f x f 2y =
( )
3
Xt hm s
( )
3
2
f t t t log t = trn cc khong
( ) ( )
; 0 0; .
( )
( )
( )

2
2
2
1
2t 1 0 khi t 0;
1
t ln2
f ' t 2t 1
1
t ln2
2t 1 0 khi t ; 0
t ln2
'
1
1

1
1
1
= =
!
1
1

1
1
1+

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
f ' t 0, t ; 0 0; f t : ng bin.
( )
4
T
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
x 2y
3 , 4 f x f 2y x 2y
x 2y
= =
.
Vi x 2y = th
( )

2
1 1
1 y y
2 y 0
2 2
4
x 1 x 1
' '
1 1
1 1
= =
1 1
1 1
=
! !
1 1
1 1 = =
1 1
1 1 + +
.
Vi x 2y = th
( )
2
1
2 2y 0 :
4
= v nghim.
( )
1 1
x; y 1; , 1;
2 2
' ' 1 1
1 1
1 1
= ! !

1 1
( ) ( )
1 1
+ +
.
( )( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )

x 1 2
x 3 x 4 y y 7 1
x 1
log 2 y 2
y
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
1+

thi th i hc nm 2013 ln 4 khi A THTP Qu V s 1 Bc Ninh
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
1 x 2
0 y 2
'
1 <
1
!
1 <
1
+
.
( )
2 2
1 x x 12 y 7y =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

2 2
x 1 3 x 1 2 y 3 2 y =
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 223 -
( ) ( )
f x 1 f 2 y =
( )
3
Xt hm s
( )
2
f t t 3t = trn
( )
0; .
( ) ( ) ( )
f ' t 2t 3 0, t 0; f t : = ng bin trn
( )
0;
( )
4
M
( ) ( )
x 1 0; v
( ) ( )
2 y 0;
( )
5
T
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 , 4 , 5 f x 1 f 2 y x 1 2 y x 3 y = = = .
( ) ( )
2 y 2
2 y
2 log 2 y
y
=
2
y y 2 0 =
( )
( )

y 1 x 2 L
y 2 x 5 N
= =

= =
.
Vy h phng trnh c nghim duy nht
( ) ( )
x; y 5; 2 = .
( )( ) ( )
( ) ( )

2
2 2
2
2 2 2
3
y y 5
6ln x y x xy y 2 1
x x 5
7x 13y 8 2x . x 3y 3x 1 2
' 1
1
1

1
=
1

1

! ( )
1
1
1
=
1
1
+

Bi gii tham kho
Ta c:
2 2
2
2 2
2
x x 5 x x x x 0
y y 5
0
y y 5 y y y y 0 x x 5
'
1
1
1

!
1
1
1+

Tp xc nh: D = .
( )
( ) ( )
2 2 3 3
1 6ln y y 5 6ln x x 5 x 2x y 2y =
( ) ( )

2 3 2 3
6ln x x 5 x 2x 6ln y y 5 y 2y =
( ) ( ) ( )
f x f y 3 =
Xt hm s
( )
( )
2 3
f t 6 ln t t 5 t 2t = trn .
( )
2
2 2 2
2 2 2
t
1
6 2 2 t 5
f ' t 6 3t 2 3t 2 3 t
3
t t 5 t 5 t 5
1

1

( )

= = =

( )
.
( ) ( )
2
2
2
2 2 2
26 t 5 f ' t
2 2 1 1 t 5 17
t
3 3 27 27 3
t 5 t 5 t 5
1

= =

( )
.
M:
( )

Cauchy 2 2
3
2 2 2 2
2
1 1 t 5 1 1 t 5
3. . . 1
27 27
t 5 t 5 t 5 t 5
26 t 5
26.5 130
27 27 27
'
1 1
1

1
=
1

1
1( )
!
1
1
1
= 1
1
1+
.
( )
2
2
2 2
26 t 5
1 1 t 5 17 130 17 4
1
27 27 3 27 3 27
t 5 t 5
1

( )

( )
( ) ( )
f ' t
4 12
f ' t 0 f t :
3 27 27
ng bin trn .
T
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 , 4 f x f y x y = = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 224 -
( ) ( )
2 2 2
3
2 7x 13x 8 2x x 3x 3x 1 =

3
2 3 2
7 13 8 3 1
2 3
x x x x x
= (do x 0 = khng l nghim phng trnh)

3 2 2 3
8 12 7 2 3 3 = vi
1
x
=
( ) ( )
( )

3
3
2 2 3 3
2 1 2 2 1 3 3 2 3 3 =
( )
( )

2 3
f 2 1 f 3 3 =
( )
5
Xt hm s
( )
3
f 2 = trn .
( ) ( )
2
f ' 3 2 0, f : = ng bin trn
( )
6
T
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 2 3 3
5 , 6 f 2 1 f 3 3 2 1 3 3 = =
( )

3
2
2 1 3 3 =

3 2
8 13 3 2 0 =
( )( )

2
1 8 5 2 0 =

5 89 5 89
1
16 16

= = =

16
x y 1 x y
5 89
= = = =

.
Vy nghim ca h l
( ) ( )
16 16
x; y 1; 1 , ;
5 89 5 89
' ' 1
1 1
1 1

= ! !
1 1
( )
1 1
+ +
.
( )
( ) ( )

2
x
x 5x 4 0 1
2 x .3 1 2
'
1

1
1
!
1
<
1
1+

Cao ng Ti Chnh K Ton IV nm 2004
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh D = .
( )
1 4 x 1 x 4; 1
l

l
l
.
( )
x
1
2 x 2
3
1

<

( )
.
Vi x 4; 1
l

l
l
. Xt hm s
( )
f x x 2 = ng bin trn 4; 1
l

l
l
.
( ) ( )
f
4; 1
max x f 1 1
l

l
l
= = .
Vi x 4; 1
l

l
l
. Xt hm s
( )
x
1
g x
3
1

=

( )
nghch bin trn 4; 1
l

l
l
.
( ) ( )
g
4; 1
min x f 1 3
l

l
l
= = .
Nhn thy
( ) ( )
f g
4; 1 4; 1
max x min x
l l

l l
l l
< ,
( )
1 3 < nn
( ) ( )
g x f x lun lun ng
x 4; 1
l

l
l
. Do tp nghim ca bt phng trn l x 4; 1
l

l
l
.
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 225 -
Th d 14. Gii h bt phng trnh:
( )
( )

x y 1 2y 1
4
4 3.4 2 1
x 3y 2 log 3 2

'
1

1
1
!
1

1
1+

i hc Kinh T Tp. H Ch Minh nm 1995
Bi gii tham kho
( )
4 4
1
2 x 3y 2 log 3 log
3
= .
( )
4
1 Cauchy
log
x y 1 2y 1 x y 1 2y 1 x 3y 2
3
1 2 4 3.4 2. 4 .3.4 2. 3.4 2. 3.4 2

= = .
Do :
x y 1 2y 1
x y 1 2y 1
4 3.4 2
4 3.4

'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

x y 1
2y 1
4 1
3.4 1

'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

x y 1 o
2y 1
4 4
1
4
3

'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
1+

4
x y 1 0
1
2y 1 log
3
'
1 =
1
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
1+

4
4
1 1
x log 3
2 2
1 1
y log 3
2 2
'
1
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1
1+
.
Vy h bt phng trnh c nghim:
( )

4 4
1 1 1 1
x; y log 3; log 3
2 2 2 2
1

=

( )
.
Th d 15. Gii h bt phng trnh:
( )
( )
( ) ( )

2
3
x 2x 3 log 5
y 4
2
5 3 1
4 y y 1 y 3 8 2

'
1
1
=
1
!
1
1
1
+

i hc S Phm H Ni 2 khi A nm 2000
Bi gii tham kho
T
( )
( )
2
3
3
x 2x 3 log 5
y 4 log 5 1
1 5 3 3 5

= =
( ) ( )
y 4 1 y 3 3
Kt hp vi
( ) ( )
2 , 3 , ta c:
( )
2
y 3
4y y 1 y 3 8
'
1
1
1
!
1

1
1+

y 3
y 3
3 y 0
'
1
1
=
!
1
1
+
.
Thay y 3 = vo
( )
1 ta c:
( )
2
3
x 2x 3 log 5
1
1 3 5

=

2 1
3 3
x 2x 3 log 5 log 5
=

2
x 2x 3 0 =
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 226 -

2
x 2x 3 0 =

x 1 x 3
y 3 y 3
' '
1 1 = =
1 1

! !
1 1 = =
1 1
+ +
.
Vy nghim ca h l
( ) ( )
S 1; 3 ; 3; 3 = .
( )
( ) ( )

2y x y x 1
2 2
5 5
2 2 2 1
log x 3y 1 log y 2x 4y 1 2
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

thi th i hc nm 2012 s 4 Thy Vn Ph Quc i hc Qung Nam
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: y 0 .
Chia hai v
( )
1 cho
x
2 0, ta c:
( )
( ) 2 y x
y x
1 2 2 2

=

y x
2
t 2 0
t t 2 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

( )

y x
t 2 0
t 2 L t 1
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
= =
1
1+

y x
2 1
=
y x 0 =
y x 0 = .
( ) ( )
2 2
5 5
2 log x 3x 1 log x 2x 4x 1 =
( )

2
2
5
x 3x 1
log 2 x 2x 1 1
x

=
( ) ( )

2
5
1
log x 3 2 x 1 1 3
x
1

=

( )

Ta c:
( ) ( ) ( )
( )

Cauchy
5
2 2 2
1 1 1
x 2 x 3 5 log x 3 1
x x x
x 0 : 4
x 1 0 2 x 1 0 2 x 1 1 1
'
1 1
1
1

1 1

( )
!
1
1
1

1
1+

T
( ) ( )
3 , 4 Du " " = trong cc nh gi
( )
4 ng thi xy ra x 1 = .
Vy nghim h phng trnh l
( ) ( )
x; y 1;1 = .
BI TP TNG T
Bi tp 1. Gii cc h phng trnh sau
a/
x y
2 2
2 2 y x
2x 4x y 3
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
. S:
( ) ( ) ( )
x; y 1; 1 , 3; 3 = .
b/
x
y
3 2y 1
3 2x 1
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
. S:
( ) ( ) ( )
x; y 0; 0 , 1;1 = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 227 -
c/
x
y
3 2x y 11
3 2y x 11
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
. S:
( ) ( )
x; y 2; 2 = .
d/
x 1
y 1
7 6y 5
7 6x 5
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
. S:
( ) ( ) ( )
x; y 1;1 , 2;2 = .
e/
x
y
2 2x 3 y
2 2y 3 x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
. S:
( ) ( )
x; y 1;1 = .
x y
2
2 1
2
x y e e
log x 3log y 2
'
1
=
1
1
!
=
1
1
1
+
.
S:
( ) ( ) ( )
x; y 2;2 , 4; 4 = .
( )
x 1 y
2
x
2 2 log 0
1 y
x 1 y 5y 1 0
'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+
.
thi th ai hc ln I nm 2013 THPT ng Sn I Thanh Ha
S:
( ) ( ) ( )
x; y 2; 1 , 3; 2 = .
( )
( )
2
2
2
1
8y
x 1
2
x y
2 4 3 2 y x
3 7
2 x y
2 2
'
1
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1
= 1
1
1+
.
S:
( )
4 1
x; y ;
5 5
1

=

( )
.
( )
( )
( )

x 1 y 1
x 1 3
e e x y
x, y
log 3 log xy x y 1 5

'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
.
thi th i hc nm 2012 THPT chuyn Ngoi Ng i hc S Phm H Ni
S:
( ) ( )
( )
4 4
x; y 4; 4 , 1 3;1 3 = .
x y
2
2
3 3 y x
9 2y
1
x
2y 9
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
= 1
1
1

1
+
.
S:
( )
3 2 3 2
x; y ;
2 2
' ' 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
=
! !

1 1

1 1 ( )
1 1 + +
.
( ) ( )
2 3
x y
ln 2 x ln 2 y
2
2x 6x 4 3 x 8
'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+
.
S:
( )
( ) ( )
x; y 3 13; 3 13 , 3 13; 3 13 = .
x x
y y
2 2 3y 3
3 2 3x 2
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
.
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 228 -
Olympic 30 04 2008
S:
( ) ( ) ( )
x; y 0; 0 , 1;1 = .
2 3
2 3
log x 3 1 log y
log y 3 1 log x
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
S:
( ) ( )
x; y 1;1 = .
x y
3
2
2
e e x y
x
log log 4y 10
2
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
1+
.
( ) ( )
2 2
12 12
x y 5x 3y 4 0
log x 1 log y 3 1
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.

thi th i hc nm 2013 THPT Dng nh Ngh Thanh Ha
S:
( ) ( )
x; y 5; 6 = .
( )
3 2 3
3
y x
x 3x y 3y 2
x 2 y 1
log log x 3
y 1 x 2
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
1+
.
thi th i hc nm 2010 t 2 TTBDVH Thng Long Tp. HCM
S:
( ) ( )
x; y 3; 2 = .
( )
( )
2x y 1 2x y 2x y 1
3 2
1 4 5 1 2
y 4x 1 ln y 2x 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
HSG tnh Tin Giang nm 2011 2011 (ngy th hai: 26/10/2011)
S:
( ) ( )
x; y 0; 1 = .
( )
( )
( )
2x y 1 2x y 2x y 1
2014x 2014y x y x 1
2 3 .5 1 2

'
1
= 1
1
!
1
=
1
1
+
.
S:
( ) ( )
x; y 1;1 = .
x y
2 2
sin x
e
sin y
1 1 x x 1 2 1 y
'
1
1
=
1
1
1
!
1 1
1
=
1

1 ( )
1+
.
S:
( ) ( )
1 1
x; y ; , 1;1
2 2
' ' 1
1 1
1 1
= ! !
1 1
( )
1 1
+ +
.
( ) ( )
y x
2
x 9999
2014
y 9999
y 4x 1 y 3 5 2x 0
'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+
.
S:
( )
21 1 21 1
x; y ;
4 4
1

( )
.
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 229 -
( ) ( )
2014
2 2
3x
log 3y x
y
4y
3x 2 y 3 2 x x 1 1 0
3
' 1
1
1
= 1

1

( ) 1
1
!
1
1
1
= 1

1

( ) 1
1+
.
S:
( )
1 1
x; y ;
5 15
1

=

( )
.
( )( )
3 3
27 4
3log y 8 2log x 8 2 2
3 2
3
y
x y x xy y 2 2 6ln 3
x
y 15x 78y 141 5 2y 9

'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+
.
S:
( ) ( )
11 5 11 5
x; y 4; 4 , ;
2 2
' ' 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
=
! !

1 1

( ) 1 1
1 1 + +
.
( )( )
( )
y x 2 2 3 3
2
7 7 x y x y xy x y
x 3 y 8x 48 y 24
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
S:
( )
( ) ( )
x; y 2 2 7; 2 2 7 , 5 31; 5 31 = .
( ) ( )
y x
x y
x 1 2
1 2014 1 2014
2014 y 1 y 2y 2
'
1
1 =
1
!
1
= 1
1
+
.
S:
( ) ( )
x; y 1;1 = .
2 2
2 3
x y x y 18
log x. log y 1
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
.
S:
( ) ( ) ( )
x; y 2; 3 , 3; 2 = .
( )
x y 1 x y x y 2
2
1 4 .5 1 3
1
x 3y y 1 2y
x
'
1
=
1
1
1
!
1
= 1
1
1+
.
S:
1 5
x y x y 2 5
2
= = = = .
Bi tp 23. Gii:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2
3 3
2 2
3
log 2x 1 log x y 4x 4x 2 x y 1 x y 4x x 1
log 2y 2 4x 4x 1 1 2
'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1 =
1
1+
.
S:
( )
1 3
x; y ;
2 2
1

=

( )
.
( )( )
2
2 2
2
3 2
y y 9
x y x xy y 2 6ln
x x 9
x 2x 1 y
' 1
1
1

1
=
1
1

!

( )
1
1
1
=
1
1+
.
S:
( )
3 3 5 5
x; y 2cos ;2cos , 2cos ;2cos , 2cos ;2cos
7 7 7 7 7 7
' ' 1 1 1
1 1

1 1
= ! !

1 1
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
+ +
.

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Page - 230 -
E BI TON CHA THAM S TRONG PT BPT HPT M & LOGARIT

I KIN THC C BN
Phng php gii bi ton c tham s thng ng dng kin thc ca tam thc bc hai (rt t) hoc
ng dng ca o hm (ph bin) sau khi chuyn v phng trnh bt phng trnh i s.
C CC C ng dng tam thc bc hai
Xt tam thc bc hai:
( ) ( )

2 2
f x ax bx c, a 0 , b 4ac = = .
Gi S, P l tng v tch ca hai nghim
1 2
x , x . H thc Vit:
1 2
1 2
b
S x x
a
c
P x x
a
'
1
1
= =
1
1
1
!
1
1
= =
1
1
1+
.
iu kin
( )
f x 0 = c hai nghim tri du P 0 < .
iu kin
( )
f x 0 = c hai nghim phn bit cng du
0
P 0
'
1
1
!
1
1
+
.
iu kin
( )
f x 0 = c hai nghim phn bit dng
0
S 0
P 0
'
1

1
1
1

!
1
1
1
1
+
.
iu kin
( )
f x 0 = c hai nghim phn bit m
0
S 0
P 0
'
1

1
1
1
<
!
1
1
1
1
+
.
Khi so snh hai nghim vi s 0, ta thng t t x = chuyn v so snh vi s 0,
c th nh sau:
+
( )( )
1 2 1 1
2 1
2 2 1 2
x x 2 0 x x 0
x x
x x 0 x x 0
' ' '
1 1 1
1 1 1 1

! ! !
1 1 1
1 1 1
+ + 1+
.
+
( )( )
1 2 1 1
1 2
2 2 1 2
x x 2 0 x x 0
x x
x x 0 x x 0
' ' '
1 1 1 < < <
1 1 1 1
< <
! ! !
1 1 1 < <
1 1 1
+ + 1+
.
+
( )( )
1 2 1 2
x x x x 0 < < < .
Du ca
( )
f x :
+
( )

0
f x 0, x
a 0
'
1 <
1

!
1
1
+
. +
( )

0
f x 0, x
a 0
'
1
1

!
1
1
+
.
+
( )

0
f x 0, x
a 0
'
1 <
1
<
!
1 <
1
+
. +
( )

0
f x 0, x
a 0
'
1
1

!
1 <
1
+
.
C CC C ng dng ca o hm
Bi ton 1. Tm m phng trnh
( )
f x; m 0 = c nghim trn D ?
Bc 1. c lp (tch) m ra khi bin s x v a v dng
( ) ( )
f x A m = .
Bc 2. Lp bng bin thin ca hm s
( )
f x trn D.
Bc 3. Da vo bng bin thin xc nh gi tr ca tham s m ng thng
( )
y A m =
nm ngang ct th hm s
( )
y f x = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 231 -
Bc 4. Kt lun nhng gi tr cn tm ca m phng trnh
( ) ( )
f x A m = c nghim trn D.
Lu :
Nu hm s
( )
y f x = c GTLN v GTNN trn D th gi tr m cn tm l nhng m
tha mn:
( ) ( ) ( )
D D
minf x A m max f x .
Nu bi ton yu cu tm tm tham s phng trnh c k nghim phn bit, ta ch
cn da vo bng bin thin xc nh sao cho ng thng
( )
y A m = nm ngang
ct th hm s
( )
y f x = ti k im phn bit.
Bi ton 2. Tm m bt phng trnh
( )
f x; m 0 hoc
( )
f x; m 0 c nghim trn D ?
Bc 1. c lp (tch) m ra khi bin s x v a v dng
( ) ( )
f x A m hoc
( ) ( )
f x A m .
Bc 2. Lp bng bin thin ca hm s
( )
f x trn D.
Bc 3. Da vo bng bin thin xc nh gi tr ca tham s m bt phng trnh c nghim:
+ Vi bt phng trnh
( ) ( )
f x A m l nhng m sao cho tn ti phn th
nm trn ng thng
( )
y A m , = tc l
( ) ( )
D
A m max f x
( )
( )

D
khi max f x
.
+ Vi bt phng trnh
( ) ( )
f x A m l nhng m sao cho tn ti phn th
nm di ng thng
( )
y A m , = tc l
( ) ( )
D
A m min f x
( )
( )

D
khi minf x .
Bi ton 3. Tm tham s m bt phng trnh
( ) ( )
f x A m hoc
( ) ( )
f x A m nghim
ng x D ?
Bt phng trnh
( ) ( )
f x A m nghim ng
( ) ( )
D
x D minf x A m .
Bt phng trnh
( ) ( )
f x A m nghim ng
( ) ( )
D
x D max f x A m .
Lu :
Khi i bin, cn quan tm n iu kin ca bin mi.
Ngoi nhng phng php trn, ta cn s dng iu kin cn v iu kin gii
quyt bi ton cha tham s. Da vo c im hoc tnh cht c th ca bi m ta
tm ra c iu kin cn ca bi ton. Sau , kim tra li bng iu kin . Phng
php ny i hi cc bn phi c trc quan tt v mt kinh nghim phong ph.

II CC TH D
C CC C Cc th d v phng trnh m bt phng trnh m cha tham s
Th d 1. Tm m phng trnh:
( ) ( )
( )

x x
2 3 2 3 m = c hai nghim ?
i hc Quc Gia Tp. H Ch Minh nm 1996
Bi gii tham kho
( )
( ) ( )
x x
2 3 2 3 m =
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 232 -
( )
( )

x
t 2 3 0
1
1
t m
t
'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1
+

Cch 1. S dng phng php hm s
Xt hm s
( )
1
f t t
t
= trn
( )
0; .
( ) ( )

2
2
1 t 1
f ' t 1 . Cho f ' t 0 t 1
t t
= = = = .
Bng bin thin:
t 1 0 1
( )
f ' t
0 0

( )
f t

2
Da vo bng bin thin, phng trnh c hai nghim m 2 .
Vy
( )
m 2; tha yu cu bi ton.
Cch gii 2. S dng tam thc bc hai

2
t 0
t mt 1 0
'
1
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

2
m 4 0
S m 0
'
1
=
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

m 2 m 2
m 2
m 0
'
1 <
1

!
1
1
+
.
Vy
( )
m 2; tha yu cu bi ton.
Th d 2. Tm gi tr m phng trnh:
( ) ( ) ( )

2
1 2
2
log m 6x log 3 2x x 0 = c nghim
duy nht ?
thi th i hc nm 2011 ln V THPT Lng Th Vinh H Ni
Bi gii tham kho
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2
log m 6x log 3 2x x =

2
2
3 2x x 0
m 6x 3 2x x
'
1

1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

2
3 x 1
m x 8x 3
'
1 < <
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
.
Yu cu bi ton tm tham s m phng trnh
( )
2
f x x 8x 3 m = = c
nghim duy nht
( )
x 3;1 .
Xt hm s
( )
2
f x x 8x 3 = trn khong
( )
3;1 .
( )
f ' x 2x 8 = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 233 -
( )
f ' x 0 2x 8 0 x 4 = = = .
Bng bin thin
x 4 3 1
( )
f ' x
0
( )
f x
18

6

Da vo bng bin thin
( )
m 6;18 tha yu cu bi ton.
Th d 3. Tm gi tr ca m cho phng trnh
( )
( )( )
( )

1 x 2 x
x
x m.3 .2 0

= c nghim ?
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: 1 x 2 .
( )
x
x m.3 0 =
( )

x
x
m g x
3
= =
Xt hm s
( )
x
x
f x
3
= trn on 1; 2
l
l
l
.
( )
x
1 x. ln3
f ' x
3
= . Cho
( )
1
f ' x 0 x 1; 2
ln3
l
= =
l
l
.
Bng bin thin
t
1
1
ln 3
2
( )
f ' t
0
( )
f t

1
e. ln 3

3
2
9

phng trnh c nghim th:
1
m 3;
e. ln 3
l
l

l
l
.
Th d 4. Tm m phng trnh
( ) ( ) ( )

x x
m 3 16 2m 1 4 m 1 0 = c hai nghim tri
du ?
i hc Ngoi Ng H Ni H cha phn ban nm 2000
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
t
x
t 4 0 = .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

2
f t m 3 t 2m 1 t m 1 0 = =
Gi
1 2
x , x l hai nghim ca
( )
v
1 2
t , t l hai nghim ca
( )

( )
c hai nghim tri du
1 2
x 0 x < <
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 234 -

1 2
x x
0 4 1 4 < < <

1 2
0 t 1 t < < <
( ) ( )
( )( ) ( )

m 3 .f 1 0
m 3 m 1 .f 0 0
'
1
<
1
1
!
1

1
1+

( )( )
( )( )

m 3 4m 3 0
m 3 m 1 0
'
1
<
1
1
!
1

1
1+

3
1 m
4
< < .
Vy
3
m 1;
4
1

( )
tha yu cu bi ton.
Th d 5. Tm gi tr ca tham s m bt phng trnh:
( ) ( )

x x
9 2 m 1 .3 2m 3 0 lun
c nghim ng vi mi x ?
i hc M a Cht nm 1998
Bi gii tham kho
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
x x
3 2 m 1 .3 2 m 1 1 0
( ) ( )( )

2
x x
3 1 2 m 1 3 1 0
l
l
l
l

( )( ) ( )( )

x x x
3 1 3 1 2 m 1 3 1 0
( )( )

x x
3 1 3 2m 3 0

x
3 2m 3 0
( )

x
3 2m 3

( )
ng x th
( )
cng ng x
( )

x
3
2m 3 0 do 3 0 m
2
< .
Vy
3
m
2
tha yu cu bi ton.
Th d 6. Tm m
( )

x x x
9 5m.6 3m.4 0 nghim ng vi mi gi tr ca x ?
i hc Dn Lp Vn Lang nm 1998
Bi gii tham kho
t
x
3
t 0
2
1

=

( )
.
( )

2
t 5m.t 3m 0, t 0
( )

2
t m 5t 3 , t 0
( )

2
t 3 3
m f t , t 0; ;
5t 3 5 5
1 1

< =

( ) ( )
.
Xt hm s
( )
2
t
f t
5t 3
=
trn
3 3
0; ;
5 5
1 1

( ) ( )
.
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 235 -
Ta c :
( )
( )
( )

2
2
5t 6t 6
f ' t . Cho f ' t 0 t 0 t
5
5t 3
= = = =
.
Bng bin thin
t
0
3
5

6
5

( )
f ' t
0 0

( )
f t

0

12
25

Da vo bng bin thin, gi tr m cn tm l:
12
0 m
25
< < .
Th d 7. Xc nh m bt phng trnh:
( )

x x
4 m.2 m 3 0 c nghim ?
i hc Y Dc Tp. H Ch Minh nm 1999
Bi gii tham kho
t
x
t 2 0 = .
( ) ( )
2
t mt m 3 0, t 0;
( ) ( )

2
t 3 m t 1 , t 0;
( ) ( )

2
t 3
m f t , t 0; \ 1
t 1
.
Xt hm s
( )
2
t 3
f t
t 1
trn
( )
0; \ 1
( )
( )
( )

2
2
t 2t 3
f ' t , t 0; \ 1
t 1

=
.
Cho
( )
f ' t 0 t 1 t 3 = = = .
Bng bin thin
t 1 0 1 3
( )
f ' t
0 0

( )
f t

3

6
Da vo bng bin thin, bt phng trnh c nghim: m 3 m 6 < .
Th d 8. Tm tt c cc gi tr ca m bt phng trnh sau c nghim ng x 0 :
( ) ( ) ( )

x x x
3m 1 .12 2 m 6 3 0 < ?
Bi gii tham kho
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

x x
3m 1 .4 2 m 2 1 0 1 <
t
x
t 2 . Do x 0 t 1 = . Lc :
( ) ( ) ( )

2
1 3m 1 .t 2 m .t 1 0, t 1 <
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 236 -

( ) ( )

2 2
3t t m t 2t 1, t 1; <
( ) ( )

2
2
t 2t 1
m f t , t 1;
3t t

< =
.
Xt hm s:
( )
2
2
t 2t 1
f t
3t t

=
trn khong
( )
1; .
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
7t 6t 1
f ' t 0, t 1;
3t t

=
.
Bng bin thin
t 1
( )
f ' t

( )
f t

1
3

2
Da vo bng bin thin, ta c: m 2 < tha yu cu bi ton.
Th d 9. Tm tham s m
( ) ( )

1 x x
x
2
x 6 m 1 .6 2m 1 0, x 0;1
6
l
l l

l
l l
l
?
i hc Quc Gia Tp. H Ch Minh khi A t 1 nm 2000
Bi gii tham kho
Vi m 1 = th bt phng trnh tha mn khng ph thuc m, nn ta ch cn tm m
bt phng trnh tha
)
x 0;1
.
t
( )
1 x
g x x 6

= . Lc cn tm m
( ) ( ) )
g x .f x 0, x 0;1
.
Xt hm s
( )
x
1 x
1
g x x 6 x 6.
6
1

= =

( )
trn
)
0;1
.
( ) )
x
1 1
g' x 1 6. ln 0, x 0;1
6 6
1

=

( )
Hm s
( )
g x ng bin trn
)
0;1
.
) ( ) ( ) ( )
x 0;1 : x 1 g x g 1 g x 0
< < <
.
Do , ta ch cn tm
( ) ( ) ( ) )

x
x
2
f x m 1 .6 2m 1 0 , x 0;1
6
.
t
x
t 6 = . Do
) )
x 0;1 t 1; 6

.
( ) ( ) )
2
m 1 .t 2m 1 0, t 1; 6
t

)

2
mt 2m t 1 0, t 1; 6
t

( ) )

2
2
t t 2
m h t , t 1; 6
t 2t

.
Xt hm s
( )
2
2
t t 2
h t
t 2t

=
trn
)
1; 6
.
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 237 -
( )
( )
)
2
2
3t 4t 4
h' t , t 1; 6
t 2t

.
Cho
( )
( )
2
2
t 2
3t 4t 4
h' t 0
2
t t 2t
3

= =
.
Bng bin thin
t

2
3

1 2 6
( )
h' t
0 0
( )
h t

2
3

2
3

1
2

Da vo bng bin thin, ta c
1
m
2
tha yu cu bi ton.
Th d 10. Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s a sao cho bt phng trnh sau c nghim ng
x 0 :
( )
( ) ( )
( )

x x
x 1
a.2 2a 1 . 3 5 3 5 0
<
Bi gii tham kho
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
x x
x
2a 1 . 3 5 3 5 2a.2 0 <
( ) ( )

x x
3 5 3 5
2a 1 . 2a 0 1
2 2
1 1

<

( ) ( )

Nhn xt:
x x
x
3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5
1 1 1
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1

= = =

( )( ) ( ) ( )
. Do , khi t
x x
3 5 3 5 1
t
2 2 t
1 1

= =

( ) ( )
. Do x 0 0 t 1 < .
( ) ( ) (
1
1 2a 1 . t 2a 0, t 0;1
t
l
<
l
l

(

2
t 2at 2a 1 0, t 0;1
l
<
l
l

( ) (

2
2a t 1 t 1, t 0;1
l
<
l
l

( ) ( ( )

2
t 1
2a f t , t 0;1 2
t 1

l
< =
l
l

Xt hm s
( )
2
t 1
f t
t 1

=
trn na khong on
(
0;1
l
l
l
.
( )
( )
2
2
t 2t 1
f ' t
t 1

=
. Cho
( )
f ' t 0 t 2 1 t 2 1 = = = .
Bng xt du
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 238 -
t
2 1 0 2 1 1
( )
f ' t
0 0

( )
f t

2 2 2

1 1

Da vo bng bin thin v
( )
2
1
2a 1 a
2
tha yu cu bi ton.
C CC C Cc th d v phng trnh logarit bt phng trnh logarit cha tham s
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
1 1
2 2
1
m 1 . log x 2 4 m 5 log 4m 4 0
x 2
=

c nghim thc trong on
5
; 4
2
l
l
l
l
?
Bi gii tham kho
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1
1 1
2 2
m 1 . 2log x 2 4 m 5 log x 2 4m 4 0
l
l
=
l
l
l

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

2
1 1
2 2
m 1 . log x 2 m 5 log x 2 m 1 0 1 =
t
( )
1
2
t log x 2 = .
Do
( )
1
2
5 1
x 4 x 2 2 1 log x 2 1 t 1;1
2 2
l

l
l
.
( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 m 1 .t m 5 t m 1 0 =
( )

2
2
t 5t 1
m f t
t t 1

= =

Xt hm s
( )
2
2
t 5t 1
f t
t t 1

=

trn on 1;1
l
l
l
.
( )
( )
2
2
2
4t 4
f ' t
t t 1
=

.
Cho
( )

2
f ' t 0 4t 4 0 t 1 t 1 = = = = .
Bng bin thin
t 1 1
( )
f ' t
0 0
( )
f t

7
3

3

Da vo bng bin thin, phng trnh c nghim thc khi
7
m 3;
3
l
l

l
l
.
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 239 -
2 2
3 3
log x log x 1 2m 1 0 = c nghim thuc
3
1; 3
l
l
l
.
i hc khi A nm 2002
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 0 .
t
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3
t log x 1 1 t log x 1 log x t 1 = = = .
Ta c:
3 2
3
1 x 3 1 log x 1 2 hay t 1; 2
l
l
l
.
Lc , yu cu bi ton tm tham s m phng trnh:
2
t t 2 2m = c
nghim t 1; 2
l
l
l
.
Xt hm s
( )
2
f t t t 2 = trn 1; 2
l
l
l
.
Ta c:
( )
f ' t 2t 1 0, t 1;2
l
=
l
l
hm s
( )
f t ng bin trn 1;2
l
l
l
.
Phng trnh c nghim
( ) ( )
f 1 2m f 2 0 m 2 .
Vy m 0;2
l
l
l
tha yu cu bi ton.
Th d 13. Xc nh a bt phng trnh
( )

2 2
log x a log x c nghim ?
i hc Ty Nguyn khi A, B nm 2000
Bi gii tham kho
t
2
t log x = .
( ) ( )
t a t 1

2
t 0 t 0
t a 0 t a t
' '
1 1 <
1 1 1

! !
1 1
1 1
+ 1+

( ) ( )

2
t 0 t 0
2 3
t a t t a 0
' '
1 1 <
1 1 1

! !
1 1 <
1 1
+ 1+

bt phng trnh
( )
c nghim
( )
1 c nghim
( )
2 hoc
( )
3 c nghim.
Xt h phng trnh
( )
3 :
( )

2
t 0
t t a 0 3'
'
1
1
1
!
1 <
1
1+

Ta c:
( ) ( )
2
3' f t t t a = < .
Xt hm s
( )
2
f t t t = trn
)
0;
.
( )
f ' t 2t 1 = . Cho
( )
1
f ' t 0 t
2
= = .
Bng bin thin
t
0
1
2

( )
f ' t
0
( )
f t
0

1
4

Da vo bng bin thin, bt phng trnh c nghim th
1
a
4
.
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Page - 240 -
Th d 14. Tm m bt phng trnh:
( )
( )
2
x x x 12 m. log 2 4 x c nghim ?
i hc Nng Lm Tp. H Ch Minh nm 2001
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
x 0
4 x 0 0 x 4
x 12 0
'
1

1
1
1

!
1
1
1
1
+
Tp xc nh: D 0; 4
l
=
l
l
.
Ta c: x 0; 4
l

l
l
th
( )
2 2
log 2 4 x log 2 1 0 = .
Lc :
( )
( )
2
x x x 12
m
log 2 4 x

.
Mt khc: x 0; 4
l

l
l
th
( )
( )
( )
2
f x x x x 12 :
g x log 2 4 x :
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1
+

Do :
( )
( )
f x
g x
t min l
( )
( )
f 0
3
g 0
=
( )
1 c nghim khi v ch khi m 3 .
Vy m 3 l gi tr cn tm.
Th d 15. Tm m bt phng trnh c nghim ng
( ) ( )

2
m
x : log x 2x m 1 0 ?
i hc Nng khi A t 2 nm 2001
Bi gii tham kho
( ) ( )
2
m m
log x 2x m 1 log 1

2 2
0 m 1 m 1
x 2x m 1 1 x 2x m 1 1
' '
1 1 < <
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1 <
1 1
1 1 + +

2 2
0 m 1 m 1
x 2x m 0 x 2x m 0
' '
1 1 < <
1 1
1 1

! !
1 1 <
1 1
1 1 + +

( )

0 m 1 m 1
a 1 0 Sai a 1 0
' 0 ' 1 m 0
' '
1 1
< <
1 1
1 1
1 1
= < =
! !
1 1
1 1
< = < 1 1
1 1
+ +

m 1 .
Vy bt phng trnh c nghim ng x m 1 .
Th d 16. Tm a bt phng trnh:
( )

2
1 1
2 2
2log a 3 2x log a x 0 < c tha mn
vi mi gi tr x ?
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: a 0 .
t
1
2
t 2log a = . Khi :
( )

2
2
t 3 xt x 0
, x
t 2log a
'
1
<
1
1

!
1 =
1
1+

t min l .
t max l .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 241 -

2
2
x t.x 3 t 0
, x
t 2log a
'
1

1
1

!
1 =
1
1+

2
2
a 1 0
t 4t 12 0
t 2log a
'
1
=
1
1
1
= <
!
1
1
= 1
1
+

2
6 t 2
t 2 log a
'
1 < <
1
!
1 =
1
+

2
6 2log a 2 < < .

2
1 log a 3 < <

1
a 8
2
< < (tha iu kin a 0 ).
Tha yu cu bi ton th

a 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7 .
Th d 17. Tm m x 0; 2
l

l
l
u tha mn bt phng trnh:
( ) ( )

2 2
2 4
log x 2x m 4 log x 2x m 5
i hc S Phm H Ni khi A nm 2000
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin:
2
x 2x m 0 .
t
( )
2
4
t log x 2x m 0 = .
( )
( )
2
4
2
t log x 2x m 0
t 4t 5 0
'
1
1 =
1

!
1

1
1+

( )

2
4
t log x 2x m 0
5 t 1
'
1
= 1
1
!
1

1
1+

( )

2
4
0 log x 2x m 1

2
2
x 2x m 1
x 2x m 4
'
1

1
1
!
1

1
1+

( )

2
2
x 2x 1 m
x 2x 4 m
'
1

1
1

!
1

1
1+

Xt hm s
( )

2
f x x 2x, x 0; 2
l
=
l
l
.
( )
f ' x 2x 2 = . Cho
( )
f ' x 0 x 1 = = .
Bng bin thin
x 0 1 2
( )
f ' x
0
( )
f x
0 0
1

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Page - 242 -
( )
1 m 1
4 m 0
'
1
1

!
1
1
+

m 2
m 4
'
1
1
!
1
1
+
2 m 4 .
Vy m 2; 4
l
l
l
tha yu cu bi ton.
Th d 18. Cho phng trnh:
( ) ( ) ( )

2 2 2 2
4 1
2
2log 2x x 2m 4m log x mx 2m 0 = .
Xc nh tham s m phng trnh
( )
c hai nghim
1 2
x , x tha:
2 2
1 2
x x 1 ?
i hc Y Dc Tp. H Ch Minh nm 2001
Bi gii tham kho
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 2
log 2x x 2m 4m log x mx 2m =

2 2
2 2 2 2
x mx 2m 0
2x x 2m 4m x mx 2m
'
1

1
1
!
1 =
1
1+

2 2
x mx 2m 0
x 2m x 1 m
'
1

1
1
!
1 = =
1
1+
.

( )
c hai nghim
1 2
x , x tha :
2 2
1 2
x x 1

1 2
2 2
1 2
2 2
1 1
2 2
2 2
x 2m, x 1 m
x x 1
x mx 2m 0
x mx 2m 0
'
1 = =
1
1
1
1
1
!
1
1
1
1

1
1+

2
2
2
4m 0
2m m 1 0
5m 2m 0
'
1

1
1
1

!
1
1
1
1
+

m 0
1
1 m
2
2
m 0 m
5
'
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
< <
!
1
1
1
1
1 <
1
1+

2 1
1 m 0 m
5 2
< < < < .
Vy
( )
2 1
m 1; 0 ;
5 2
1

( )
tha yu cu bi ton.
Th d 19. Tm x :
( ) ( )
( )

2
2 2
2
2 a
log a x 5ax 3 5 x log 5 x 1
= lun ng
a ?
i hc Y Hi Phng H chuyn ban nm 2000
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin cn: Nu h thc ng a th phi ng vi a 0 = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 243 -
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
log 3 5 x log 5 x 1 =
3 5 x 5 x 1 =
5 x x 1 2 =
( )( )
4 2 5 x x 1 4 =
x 5 x 1 = = .
iu kin :
Khi x 1 = th
( ) ( ) 2
2
2
2 a
log a 5a 5 log 5
= .
Hin nhin khng tha mn vi:
( )

5 5 5 5
a 1
2 2

< <
Khi x 5 = th
( ) ( ) 2
2
2
2 a
log 25a 25a 3 log 3
= .
Hin nhin khng tha mn vi
( )

5 13 5 13
a 2
10 10

< <
T
( ) ( )
1 , 2 khng c gi tr x tha yu cu bi ton.
Th d 20. Cho bt phng trnh:
( ) ( ) ( )

2 2
5 5
1 log x 1 log mx 4x m . Hy tm tt c cc
gi tr ca tham s m bt phng trnh c nghim ng vi mi x ?
i hc Quc Gia Tp. H Ch Minh khi D nm 1997
Bi gii tham kho
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
5 5
log 5 x 1 log mx 4x m
l

l
l

( )

2 2
2
5 x 1 mx 4x m
mx 4x m 0
'
1

1
1
!
1

1
1+

( )
( )

2 2
2
5x 4x 5 m x 1
m x 1 4x
'
1

1
1
!
1

1
1+

( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
f

2
2
2
5x 4x 5
x m 1
x 1
4x
g x m 2
x 1
'
1

1
=
1
1
1
1
!
1
= < 1
1
1
1
1+

Xt hm s
( )
f
2
2
5x 4x 5
x
x 1

=
trn .
Ta c :
( )
( )
( )

2
2
2
4x 4
f ' x . Cho f ' x 0 x 1 x 1
x 1
= = = =
.
Bng bin thin
x 1 1
( )
f ' x
0 0

( )
f x

14

3
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 244 -
( )
1 ta c :
( ) ( )
m min f x 3 3 =

Xt hm s
( )
( )
2
4x
g x
x 1
trn .
Ta c:
( )
( )
( )

2
2
2
4x 4
g' x . Cho g' x 0 x 1 x 1
x 1
= = = =
.
Bng bin thin
x 1 1
( )
g ' x
0 0

( )
g x

2

1
( )
2 ta c:
( ) ( )
g m max x 2 4 =
.
T
( ) ( )
3 , 4 ta c:
(
m 2; 3
l
l
l
tha yu cu bi ton.
Th d 21. Tm m bt phng trnh:
( ) ( )

2
1
2
log x 2x m 3 c nghim ?
Bi gii tham kho
( ) ( )
3
2
1 1
2 2
1
log x 2x m log
2

( )

2
2
x 2x m 8
x 2x m 0
'
1
<
1
1
!
1

1
1+

( ) ( )
( ) ( )

2
2
f x x 2x 8 m 1
g x x 2x m 2
'
1
= <
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

Xt hm s
( )
2
f x x 2x 8 = trn .
( ) ( )
f ' x 2x 2. Cho f ' x 0 x 1 = = = .
Bng bin thin
x 1
( )
f ' x
0

( )
f x

9

( )
1 ta c :
( ) ( )
m max f x 9 3 < =
Xt hm s
( )
2
g x x 2x = trn .
( ) ( )
g' x 2x 2. Cho g' x 0 x 1 = = = .
Bng bin thin
x 1

O
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 245 -
( )
g' x
0

( )
g x

1

( )
2 ta c
( ) ( )
g m max x 1 4 < = .
Vy m 9 < th bt phng trnh c nghim.
C CC C Cc th d v h (bt) phng trnh m logarit cha tham s
Th d 22. Xc nh ca mi gi tr ca tham s m h sau hai nghim phn bit:
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )

2
3
3 3
2
2
x 2x 5
log x 1 log x 1 log 4 1
log x 2x 5 mlog 2 5 2

'
1

1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

i hc Cn Th nm 2001
Bi gii tham kho
( )
( ) ( )
3 3 3
x 1
1
2log x 1 2log x 1 2 log 2
'
1
1
1
!
1
1
1+

3 3
x 1
x 1
log log 2
x 1
'
1
1
1
1
!

1

1
1
1+

x 1
x 1
2
x 1
'
1
1
1
1
!

1

1
1
1+

x 1
3 x
0
x 1
'
1
1
11
!

1

1
1
1+

1 x 3 < < .
t
2
y x 2x 5 = v xt hm
2
y x 2x 5 = trn
( )
1; 3 .
y' 2x 2. Cho y' 0 x 1 = = = .
x 1 3
y '
0

y
8

4

Do :
( ) ( )
x 1; 3 y 4; 8 .
t
( )
2
2
t log x 2x 5 = .
Do :
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2
y x 2x 5 4; 8 t log x 2x 5 2; 3 = = .
( )
m
2 t 5
t
=
( ) ( ) ( )

2
f t t 5t m , t 2; 3 = =
Xt hm s
( )
2
f t t 5t = trn khong
( )
2; 3 .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 246 -
( ) ( )

5
f ' t 2t 5. Cho f ' t 0 t
2
= = = .
Bng bin thin
t
2
5
2
3

( )
f ' t
0

( )
f t

6 6

25
4

Da vo bng bin thin, h c hai nghim phn bit
25
m 6
4
< < .
Th d 23. Tm m h
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )( ) ( )

4
2x 1 ln x 1 ln x 2y 1 ln y 1 ln y 1
y 1 2 y 1 x 1 m x 1 0 2
' l l
1
=
1
l l
1 l l
!
1
=
1
1+
c nghim ?
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 0, y 0 .
( ) ( ) ( )
x 1 y 1
1 2x 1 . ln 2y 1 . ln
x y

=
( ) ( ) ( )
f x f y 3 =
Xt hm s
( ) ( )
t 1
f t 2t 1 . ln
t
= trn khong
( )
0; .
Gi s
1 2
t t < v
( )
1 2
t , t 0; .
Ta c:
( ) ( )
2 2
2 1
2 1 2 1
2 1
2 1
2t 1 2t 1 0
t 1 t 1
2t 1 ln 2t 1 ln t 1 t 1
ln ln 0 t t
t t
'
1
1
1
1

!
1
1
1
1+
.
( ) ( ) ( )
2 1 2 1
t t f t f t f t : ng bin
( )
4
T
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 , 4 f x f y x y = = .
( ) ( )( )
4
2 x 1 2 x 1 x 1 m x 1 0 =

4
x 1 x 1
2. m 0
x 1 x 1

=

( )
5
t
4
x 1
a ,
x 1
vi
)
a 0;1
.
( ) ( )
2
5 a 2a m f a = = .
Xt hm s
( )
2
f a a 2a = trn
)
0;1
.
( )
f ' a 2a 2 = .
Cho
( ) )
f ' a 0 2a 2 0 a 1 0;1
= = =
.
phng trnh c nghim
( ) ( )
f 0 m f 1 0 m 1 < < .
Vy
)
m 0;1
.
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Page - 247 -
Th d 24. Tm a sao cho h:
( )
( ) ( ) ( )

x
x
2
4
2 2
3 4 5 1
1 log a x log x 1 2
'
1
1
1
1
!
1
1
1
1+
c nghim ?
i hc Tng Hp Tp. H Ch Minh nm 1995
Bi gii tham kho
( )
( )
( )

x
x
x
x
1 5
1 3 4 5 1 4. 1'
3 3
1
1

( )
( )

Xt hm s
( )
x
x
1 5
f x 4.
3 3
1
1

=

( )
( )
trn .
( )

x
x
1 1 5 5
f ' x 4. ln . ln 0, x
3 3 3 3
1
1

= <

( )
( )

( )
f x nghch bin trn .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1' 1 f x f 2 f x x 2 .
( ) ( ) ( )
4
2 2
2 log 2 a x log x 1
l

l
l

( )

4
2 a x x 1
( ) ( )

4
1
a x 2x 1 g x
2
= .
Xt hm s
( ) ( )
4
1
g x x 2x 1
2
= vi mi x 2 .
( ) ( ) )
3
1
g' x 4x 2 0, x 2;
2

( )
g x ng bin trn
)
2;
.
Bng bin thin
x 2
( )
g' x

( )
g x

21
2

Vy h c nghim khi
21
a
2
.
Th d 25. Tm gi tr ln nht ca tham s m sao cho h
( )
( ) ( ) ( )

2 2
m 3
9x 4y 5 1
log 3x 2y log 3x 2y 1 2
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

c nghim
( )
x; y tha 3x 2y 5 ?
Bi gii tham kho
Ta c:
( )( )
3x 2y 3x 2y 5
3x 2y 1
3x 2y 5
'
1
=
1
1

!
1
1
1+
.
t
5
t 3x 2y 3x 2y
t
= = .
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 248 -
( )
m 3
5
2 log log t 1
t
1

=

( )

m 3 3
5
log 3. log 1 log t
t
1

=

( )

3
m
3
1 log t
log 3
5
log
t
=
1

( )

( )

3
m
3 3
1 log t
log 3 3
log 5 log t

t
( )

3
z log t, z 0 do t 3x 2y 1 = = .
( ) ( )

m
3
z 1
3 log 3 f z , z 0
z log 5
= =

v
3
z log 5 .
Xt hm s:
( )
3
z 1
f z
z log 5
=

trn
)
3
0; \ log 5
.
( )
( )
)
3
3 2
3
log 5 1
f ' z 0, z 0; \ log 5
z log 5

.
Bng bin thin
z
0
3
log 5

( )
f ' z
0

( )
f z

1

5
log 3
Da vo bng bin thin, phng trnh c nghim tha 3x 2y 5 th

m m 5
log 3 1 log 3 log 3

3 3 5
1 1 1
1
log m log m log 3

3 3 3
log m 1 log m log 5

1
m m 5
3
.
Vy gi tr ln nht ca m l m 5 = .
Th d 26. Tm m h bt phng trnh:
( )
( ) ( )

5x x 1 5 x 1
2
7 7 2014x 2014 1
x m 2 x 2m 3 0 2

'
1
1
1
!
1

1
1+
c nghim ?
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x 1 .
( )
5x x 1 5 x 1
1 7 .7 7 .7 2014 2014x

( ) ( ) ( )

x 1 5x 5
7 7 7 2014 1 x 3

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 249 -
Vi
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )

x 1 5x 5
x 1 5x 5
7 7 7 0
x 1 7 7 7 2014 1 x 4
2014 1 x 0
'
1
1
1

!
1
<
1
1+

( ) ( ) ( )
3 , 4 3 : V nghim khi x 1 .
Vi
( )
x 1;1 3 :
l

l
l
lun ng.
H c nghim
( )
2
x m 2 x 2m 3 0 c nghim x 1;1
l

l
l

( )
2
x 2x 3
m f x
x 2

=
c nghim x 1;1
l

l
l
( )
1;1
m minf x
l
l
l
.
Xt hm s
( )
2
x 2x 3
f x
x 2

=
trn 1;1
l
l
l
.
( )
( )

2
2
x 4x 1
f ' x , x 1;1
x 2

l
=
l
l
.
Cho
( )
2
x 2 3 1;1
f ' x 0 x 4x 1 0
x 2 3 1;1
l
=
l
l
= =

l
=
l
l
.
Tnh
( ) ( )
( )
( )
1;1
f 1 f 1 2
minf x 2
f 2 3 2 2 3
l
l
l
'
1
= =
1
1
=
!
1
=
1
1+
.
Vy m 2 tha yu cu bi ton.

www.MATHVN.com

Page - 250 -
BI TP TNG T
Bi tp 25. Tm tham s m cc phng trnh sau c nghim ?
1/
x x
4 5.2 m 0 = . S:
( )
m ; 0 .
2/
x x
9 3 m 0 = .
3/
x x
9 m.3 1 0 = .
4/
x x 1
4 2 m
= .
5/
( )
x x
2 m 1 .2 m 0
= .
6/
x x
25 2.5 m 2 0 = .
7/
( )
x 2x
16 m 1 .2 m 1 0 = .
8/
x x
25 m.5 1 2m 0 = .
9/
2 2
sin x cos x
81 81 m = .
10/
2 2
4 2x 2 x
3 2.3 2m 3 0

= .
11/
x 1 3 x x 1 3 x
4 14.2 8 m

= .
12/
2 2
x 1 x x 1 x
9 8.3 4 m

= .
13/
( )
2 2
1 1 x 1 1 x
9 m 2 .3 2m 1 0

= . S:
48
m 4;
7
l
l
l
l
.
14/
x x
7 3 5 7 3 5
m 8
2 3
1 1

=

( ) ( )
. S:
(
m ;16
l

l
l
.
Bi tp 26. Tm tham s m cc phng trnh sau c nghim duy nht ?
1/
x x
m.2 2 5 0
= . S:
25
m 0 m
4
= = .
2/
x x x
m.16 2.81 5.36 = . S:
25
m
8
= .
3/
( ) ( )
x x
x
5 1 m. 5 1 2 = . S:
1
m
4
= .
4/
x x
7 3 5 7 3 5
m. 8
2 2
1 1

=

( ) ( )
. S: m 4 = .
5/
x x 3
4 2 3 m
= . S:
( )
m 13; 3 .
6/
x x
9 m.3 1 0 = . S:
( )
m ; 4 .
Bi tp 27. Tm tham s m cc phng trnh m sau c hai nghim phn bit tri du ?
1/
( )
x x 2
49 m 1 .7 m 2m 0 = . S: Khng c m tha YCBT.
2/
( ) ( )
x x 1
m 1 .4 3m 2 .2 3m 1 0
= . S:
1
m 1;
3
1

( )
.
3/
( )
x x
9 3 m 1 .3 5m 2 0 = . S:
2
m 0;
5
1

( )
.
4/
( ) ( )
x x
m 3 .16 2m 1 .4 m 1 0 = . S:
3
m 1;
4
1

( )
.
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Page - 251 -
5/
( )
x x
4 2 m 1 .2 3m 8 0 = . S:
8
m ; 9
3
1

( )
.
6/
x x
4 2 6 m = . S: Khng tn ti m tha YCBT.
Bi tp 28. Tm m bt phng trnh:
( ) ( )
1 x x
x
2
2
x 6 m 1 6 2m 1
6
0
ex x 2014
l
l

l
l

c nghim ng
x 0;1
l

l
l
?
S:
1
m
2
.
Bi tp 29. Tm tham s m cc phng trnh
1/
( )
x x x x
16 m.8 2m 1 .4 m.2 = c ba nghim phn bit ?
S: m 3 2 2 m 3 2 2 < .
2/
2 2
x x 2
4 2 6 m
= c ba nghim phn bit ?

S: m 3 = .
3/
2 2
x x
9 4.3 8 m = c ba nghim phn bit ?
S: m 5 = .
Bi tp 30. Cho phng trnh:
( )

2 m 1
x 4x 5
1 1
4
2

=
1/ Gii phng trnh khi m 0 = . S: x 1 x 3 = = .
2/ Tm m
( )
c hai nghim tri du ? S:
3
m
2
.
3/ Tm m
( )
c hai nghim thuc
( )
1; 4 ? S:
1
m ; 0
2
1

( )
.
2 2
x 5x 6 1 x 6 5x
2 2 2.2 m

=
( )

1/ Gii phng trnh khi m 1 = . S: x 1 x 2 x 3 = = = .
2/ Tm m
( )
c 4 nghim phn bit ? S:
( )
1 1
m 0; 2 \ ;
8 256
' '
1 1
1 1
! !
1 1
1 1 + +
.
2 2
x 2x 2 2x 4x 4 2
3 2 x 2x 2 m 0

=
( )

1/ Gii phng trnh vi m 8 = . S: x 1 = .
2/ Gii phng trnh vi m 27 = . S: x 0 x 2 = = .
3/ Tm m phng trnh c nghim ? S: m 8 .
3 2
2
mx 2x 3x 2
mx x 2
1
27
9

=
( )

1/ Gii phng trnh vi m 3 = . S:
1 2
x 1 x x
3 3
= = = .
2/ Tm m
( )
c ba nghim dng phn bit ? S:
( )
3
m 0;1 \
4
' '
1 1
1 1
! !
1 1
1 1 + +
.
( ) ( )
x x
2m 3 .16 4m 2 .4 3m 8 0 =
( )

1/ Gii phng trnh vi m 3 = . S:
2
x 0 x log 3 = = .
2/ Tm m
( )
c hai nghim tri du ? S:
3
m ; 3
2
1

( )
.
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Page - 252 -
Bi tp 35. Tm m phng trnh
x x
4 m.2 m 3 0 c nghim ?
S: m 3 m 6 < .
Bi tp 36. Tm m phng trnh:
( )
2 2 2 2
27 1
3
3 log 2x x 2m 4m log x mx 2m 0 =
c hai nghim phn bit
1 2
x , x tha:
2 2
1 2
x x 1 ?
S:
( )
2 1
m 1; 0 ;
5 2
1

( )
.
Bi tp 37. Tm m bt phng trnh:
( )
2 2 2
2x x 2x x 2x x
m.9 2m 1 .6 m.4 0

nghim ng vi
mi x tha mn
1
x
2
?
S:
(
m ;1
l

l
l
.
2 2
5 5
log x 2 log x 1 m 2 0 = c t nht mt nghim thuc
on
3
1; 5
l
l
l
?
thi th i hc nm 2009 khi A THPT Nguyn Trung Ngn
S: m 0; 5
l
l
l
.
Bi tp 39. Tm a phng trnh:
2 8
3 3
log x a log x a 1 0 = c ng hai nghim phn bit ?
thi th i hc nm 2012 ln 3 THPT Chuyn i hc S Phm H Ni
S:
( )

1 5
a a ; 1
2
= .
( )
x x
25 m 1 5 2m 3 0 = c nghim duy nht ?
thi th i hc nm 2010 TTBDVH Thng Long Tp. HCM
Bi tp 41. Tm a phng trnh:
( )
x
5 5
log 25 log a x = c nghim duy nht ?
thi th i hc nm 2010 THPT Chuyn HSP H Ni
S:
4
1
a a 1
5
= .
( ) ( )
3
1 3
27
log 27x 1 log x m 1 0 = c nghim x 0 ?
thi th i hc nm 2011 t 1 TTBDVH Thng Long Tp. HCM
S:
1
m 0;
3
l
l

l
(
l
.
cos x cos x
4 2 4 1 m = c nghim ?
Bi tp 44. Tm a bt phng trnh:
( )
2
1 1
3 3
log x 1 log ax a c nghim ?
thi th ln 1 nm 2011 khi A, B THPT Nguyn Hu
S:
( )
2
a ; 1 ;
2
1

( )
.
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Page - 253 -
Bi tp 45. Tm m h
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )
4
2x 1 ln x ln x 1 2y 1 ln y 1 y 0
y 1 2 y 1 x 2 m x 0
' l l
1
=
1
l l
1 l l
!
1
=
1
1+
c nghim ?
S:
)
m 0;1
.
Bi tp 46. Tm m h
( ) ( )
( )
2
3
3 3
2
2
x 2x 5
log x 1 log x 1 log 4
log x 2x 5 mlog 5

'
1

1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
c hai nghim thc phn bit ?
S:
25
m ; 6
4
1

( )
.
Bi tp 47. Tm m h phng trnh:
2
3 3
3
2
1
log x log y 0
2
x y my 0
'
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1+
c nghim ?
thi th i hc khi A nm 2011 i hc S Phm H Ni
S:
( )
m 0; .
Bi tp 48. Tm a h phng trnh:
( ) ( )
x
x x
2
4
2 2
3 4 5
1 log a x log x 1
'
1
1
1
1
!
1
1
1
1+
?
S:
21
a
2
.
Bi tp 49. Xc nh m h phng trnh
x
2
2 2
2 x x y m
x y 1
'
1
1 =
1
!
1
=
1
1+
c nghim duy nht ?
S: m 0 = .

( )
x x
4 4m 2 1 0 = .
1/ Gii phng trnh khi m 1 = .
2/ Tm m phng trnh c nghim ?
( ) ( )
x x
2 3 2 3 m = .
2/ Tm m phng trnh c 2 nghim phn bit ?
x x x
m.16 2.81 5.36 = .
2/ Tm m phng trnh c nghim duy nht ?
Bi tp 53. Cho hng trnh:
( )

2
x 2x
2
1
m m 1
3
1

=

( )

2/ Tm m
( )
c bn nghim phn bit ?
Bi tp 54. Tm tham s m phng trnh
2
x 4x 3
4 2
1
m m 1
5

1

=

( )
c bn nghim phn bit ?
www.MATHVN.com

Page - 254 -
S: 0 m 1 < < .
( )
x x 2
4 2m 1 .2 m m 0 = .
1/ Gii phng trnh khi m 1 = v
1
m
2
= .
2/ Tm tham s m phng trnh c nghim ?
( ) ( )

x x
m.4 2m 1 .2 m 4 0 =
1/ Gii
( )
khi m 0 = v

m 1 = .
2/ Tm m phng trnh c nghim ?
3/ Tm m phng trnh c nghim x 1;1
l

l
l
?
( )

x x 1
4 m.2 2m 0
=
1/ Gii
( )
khi m 2 = .
2/ Tm m
( )
c hai nghim tha
1 2
x x 3 = .
Bi tp 58. Tm tham s m cc phng trnh logarit sau c nghim duy nht ?
1/
( )
3
3
log x 3 log mx = .
2/
( )
2 lg x 3 1 lg mx = .
3/
( ) ( )
2
lg x mx lg 8x 3m 3 = .
4/
( ) ( )
2
lg x 2mx lg 8x 6m 3 0 = .
5/
( ) ( )
2
1
10
lg 2x m 1 log x 4mx 0 = .
6/
( ) ( )
2
2 3 2 3
log x 2 m 1 x log 2x m 2 0

l
=
l
l
.
7/
( ) ( )
2
2
log x 2 log mx = .
8/
( )
2
5 2 5 2
log x mx m 1 log x 0

= .
9/
( ) ( )
2
3 3
log x 4mx log 2x 2m 1 = .
10/
( ) ( )
2
2 2 7 2 2 7
log x m 1 log mx x 0

= .
Bi tp 59. Tm tham s m phng trnh:
( )
x
2
log 4 m x 1 = c hai nghim phn bit ?
( )
x 3
3
log 9 9m 2 = c hai nghim phn bit ?
( )
2
3 3
log x m 2 . log x 3m 1 0 = c hai nghim
phn bit
1 2
x , x tha:
1 2
x x 27 = ?
( )
2 2 2
2 1 4
2
log x log x 3 m log x 3 = c nghim x 32 ?
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 1
2 2
m 1 log x 2 m 5 log x 2 m 1 0 =

c
nghim
1 2
x , x tha:
1 2
2 x x 4 ?
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 1
2 2
m 3 log x 4 2m 1 log x 4 m 2 0 = c hai
nghim phn bit
1 2
x , x tha:
1 2
4 x x 6 < < < ?
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Page - 255 -
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2
m 4 log 2 x 2m 1 log 2 x m 1 0 = c hai
nghim phn bit
1 2
x , x tha:
1 2
0 x x 2 < < < ?
( )
2
2 1
2
4. log x log x m 0 =

c nghim trn
( )
0;1 ?
( ) ( )
2
lg x 2mx lg 2x m 1 0 = c duy nht mt nghim ?
2 2
2
m
m m x x
x
log m . log log x log 4. log m
2
= c nghim v tm
nghim ?
Bi tp 69. Tm m tng bnh phng tt c cc nghim ca phng trnh
m m
2log x 1 log x 1 = bng 34 ?
Bi tp 70. Tm tham s m phng trnh
( )
( )
( )
2
log 4 x 2 3
m
x 2 2 . x 2
=

c hai nghim phn bit

1 2
x , x tha:
1 2
5
x x 4
2
< ?
Bi tp 71. Tm
( )
5;16 , bit rng phng trnh:
cos x sin x
2
x 3 1
1 cos
2 8 3

1 1

=

( ) ( )
c nghim
1; 2
l
l
l
?
Bi tp 72. Tm
( )
2; 7 , bit rng phng trnh:
2
3
5
log 1 sin x cos x 1
2 2
l 1

l
=

l

( )
l
l
c
nghim thuc 1; 2
l
l
l
?
Bi tp 73. Tm tham s m cc bt phng trnh m logarit sau c nghim ?
1/
x x
9 m.3 1 0 . S: m 2 .
2/
2
x 2
3 1 m .
3/
x 1
2
3 1 m
.
4/
x
2
5 1 m
.
5/
x 2
1
2m 1
4

= .
6/
x x
4 m.2 m 3 0 .
7/
x x
9 m.3 m 3 0 .
8/
x x
2 7 2 2 m .
9/
( ) ( )
2 2
x x 1
2 1 2 1 m
.
10/
x x
4 m.2 m 1 0 .
11/
( ) ( )
2x 1 x
3 m 3 .3 2 m 3
< .
12/
( )
x x 1 2
4 2m 1 .2 m m 0
.
13/
( )
x x 2
9 2m 1 .3 m m 0 .
14/
( ) ( )
x x
3.4 m 1 .2 2 m 1 0 < .
15/
x x
m.25 5 m 1 0 .
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Page - 256 -
16/
2x x x 4 x 4
3 m.3 9.9 0

< . S:
4
1 729 3
m
81 3
.
17/
x m
1
log 100 log 100 0
2
.
18/
m m
1 2
1
5 log x 1 log x
<

.
19/
2
m
m
1 log x
1
1 log x
.
20/
2 2
log x m log x .
21/
( ) ( )
2 2
x m x m
log x 1 log x x 2

.
Bi tp 74. Tm tham s m cc bt phng trnh m logarit sau c nghim ng vi:
1/
( ) ( )

x x x
3m 1 .12 2 m .6 3 0, x 0 < .
2/
( )

x x 1
m 1 .4 2 m 1 0, x
.
3/
( )

x x x
m.9 2m 1 .6 m.4 0, x 0;1
l

l
l
.
4/
( )

x x 2
m.9 m 1 .3 m 1 0, x
.
5/
( )

cos x cos x
2
4 2 2m 1 .2 4m 3 0, x < .
6/
x x
3 3 5 3 m, x
7/
( ) ( )

x x x
2.25 2m 1 .10 m 2 .4 0, x 0 .
8/
( )

x 1 x
4 m. 2 1 0, x
.
9/
1
x 3
x 3
2
7 4.7 m 0, x

.
10/
sin x 1 sin x
4 2 m, x
.
11/
( ) ( )

2 2
5 5
1 log x 1 log mx 4x m , x .
12/
( ) ( )

2 2
2 2
log 7x 7 log mx 4x m , x .
13/
( )

2
1
m 1
log x 2 m 0, x
.
14/
2
1 1 1
2 2 2
m m m
2 log x 2 1 log x 2 1 log 0, x
m 1 m 1 m 1
1 1 1

( ) ( ) ( )
.
Bi tp 75. Tm tham s m mi nghim ca bt phng trnh
( )
1 u l nghim ca bt phng
trnh
( )
2 :
1/
( )
( ) ( ) ( )

2 1
1
x x
2
2
1 1
3 12 1
3 3
m 2 x 3 m 6 x m 1 0 2
'
1
1
1 1
1
1
1

!
( ) ( )
1
1
1
1 <
1
+
.
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Page - 257 -
2/
( )
( ) ( )

2 1
1
x x
2
2
2 2 8 1
4x 2mx m 1 0 2
'
1
1
1

1
!
1
1
<
1
1+
.
3/
( )
( ) ( ) ( )

2x 1 . x
2
2 9.2 4 0 1
m 1 x m x 3 1 0 2
'
1

1
1
!
1

1
1+
.
4/
( )
( ) ( )

2 1
2
x x
2
1 1
9. 12 1
3 3
2x m 2 x 2 3m 0 2
'
1
1
1 1
1
1
1

!
( ) ( )
1
1
1
<
1
1+
.
5/
( )
( )

2 2
1 1
2 4
2 2
log x log x 0 1
x mx m 6m 0 2
'
1
<
1
1
1
!
1
1
<
1
1+
.
6/
( ) ( )
( )

2
x
2 4
log 5x 8x 3 0 1
x 2x 1 m 0 2
'
1

1
1
!
1

1
1+
.

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ThS.

(chia hai v cho

= l hm s lun nghch bin trn .

nghch bin trn

' ' '

< < <

= c ba nghim phn bit ?

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