Do An Loc

N TT NGHIP
MC LC
Qua ta thy hm lng nhm khng ch l du hiu phn
loi sn phm m n cng quyt nh nhng tnh cht c bn
ca sn phm .....................................................................6
II C S HA L .................................................................7
1.Phn loi vt liu chu la Alumosilicat...........................7
Tn ch tiu.....................................................................19
Kiu l...............................................................................22
Cc ch tiu..........................................................................32
Kiu l.................................................32
II. TNH CN BNG VT CHT.............................................44
III TNH V LA CHN THIT B TON B DY CHUYN SN
XUT NH MY..................................................................54
IV. TNH TON NHIT K THUT........................................61
Thay s ..........................................................................83
Thay s ..............................................................86
Cn bng nhit zn t nng - nung....................................109
Sai s tnh ton = 5,53 . 10-7(%)..........................................124
chp nhn kt qu tnh ton...................................124
CHNG V : PHN IN NC.......................................144
I.IN..............................................................................144
1. in chiu sng .......................................................145
II. NC..........................................................................150
CHNG I : PHN M U
I. GII THIU V BIN LUN TI THIT K
Trong nhng nm gn y, cng vi s pht trin chung ca nn kinh t
quc dn, ngnh cng nghip vt liu xy dng ni chung c nhng bc pht trin
vt tri.
Mt trong nhng sn phm vt liu xy dng ang c nh nc u t v
m rng sn xut l vt liu chu la. Trn th gii sn phm vt liu chu la c
t rt lu, vt liu chu la Samt ng thnh vin t t st chu la sn xut ti
Chu u vo cui th k XIV sau khi c l cao. Mi ti nm 1810 mi sn xut
nhiu c. n nm 1856 Lin X mi c nh my sn xut vt liu Samt u
tin.

SVTH: Nguyn B Lc Trang 1
N TT NGHIP
Vt liu chu la inat u tin sn xut ti Anh vo nm 1822 v Nga nm 1880
vo nm 1990 Nga xy dng nh my gch Manhgi u tin. Cc sn phm khc
mi n th k XX mi bt u sn xut.
Vit Nam vic s dng vt liu chu la cng c t rt sm, nhng ch sau
khi min bc c hon ton gii phng, chng ta mi xy dng c nh my sn
xut gch chu la u tin ti Cu ung v Thi Nguyn.
Hin nay nc ta mi c mt s c s sn xut vt liu ch la. Nh Nh
my gch chu la Cu ung, sn xut gch Samt l ch yu v mi u t l con
thoi sn xut gch Caoalumin nhng nng sut cn nh. Nh my gch chu la
Tam Tng sn xut gch Samt cc loi, nng sut 16500T/N.
Nh my vt liu chu la Kim tnh Vit Nam nng sut 16500T/N. V mt
s nh my vt liu xy dng Min Nam nh nh my vt liu chu la Trc
Thn, vt liu xy dng chu la Tam Vn. Nhng sn phm vt liu xy dng vn
khng p ng c yu cu ca ngi tiu dng,
Trong khi nhu cu s dng vt liu chu la ngy mt tng.
Theo s liu iu tra ca cng ty t vn xy dng v pht trin ca vt liu
xy dng thuc Tng cng ty Thu Tinh v Gm xy dng nm 1998 th tng sn
lng v chng loi vt liu chu la sn xut nm 1997 nh sau:

N TT NGHIP
Tng sn lng theo cng sut thit k : 48.000 tn Samt cc loi, 6000 tn
l mi cho luyn kim .
Tng sn lng trong nm sn xut trong nm 1999 l: 22.555 tn Samt cc
loi. 2500 tn lmi cho luyn kim .
t 45% cng sut thit k.

STT Tn n v
Cng sut
thit k
(Tn/ nm)
tng sn
lng nm
1997 (Tn)
t l so vi
cng sut
thit k
Chng loi
1
Cng ty vt
liu chu la
Cu ung
5000 3,279 60,5% Gch SamtA,B
Va Samt A,B
2
Cng ty vt
liu chu la
Tam Tng
10.000 2,202 22% Gch SamtA,B
Va Samt A,B
3
Cng ty vt
liu chu la
Thi Nguyn
28.000 9500 30% Gch SamtA,B
dolomi thiu kt
4
M st chu
la Trc
Thn
5000 4574 91% Gch Samt B,C
5
Nh my Vt
liu chu la
ng Nai
6000 3000 50% Gch Samt B,C
N TT NGHIP
Lng v loi vt liu chu la nhp khu nm 1997 l:
Tng lng tiu th vt liu chu la nm 1997 l : 32.128 tn
Tng lng nhp khu vt liu chu la nm 1997 l : 12.822 tn
Tng lng vt liu chu la cung cp trong nc l :19.306 tn
Mc d vt liu chu la nhp khu ch chim 39% khi lng nhng v gi
tr li chim 76,2% (khong 95,5 t VN) v lng cung cp trong nc chim 61%
khi lng nhng gi tr ch chim 23,8% (khong 29,8 t VN).
D bo nhu cu pht trin vt liu chu la trong nhng nm ti nh sau:
Ngnh xi mng:
Nm
Loi
n
v
2000 2005 2010 2020
Samt Tn 5000 6000 6000 7000 10000 11000 15000
16000

S
TT
Chng loi n v S lng gi tr
(USD/Tn
sn phm)
gi nhp
trung
bnh
(usd/tn )
T trng
S
lng
Gi tr
1 Cao Nhm Tn 3.1688 2.128.188 668 24,9 28,7
2 Cr Mg v
Manhedi
Tn 6.6232 3.102.134 468 51,7 41,9
3 Spinel Tn 1.518,4 1.663.571 1.096 11,8 225
4 SM Tn 786,0 121.868 155 6,1 1,6
5 Dinas Tn 678,0 227130 335 5,3 3,1
6 Cc loi khc Tn 29,3 84.986 5.628 0,2 2,2
Tng cng Tn 12.821,7 7.231.94
N TT NGHIP
Cao Alumin Tn 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 9000
10000
Kim tnh Tn 13000
1000
15000
16000
25000 - 26000 35000
36000
Tng cng Tn 20000
23000
25000 -
28000
41000 44000 59000 -
62000
Ngnh thp :
Nm
Loi
n
v
2000 2005 2010
Samt Tn 36.000 36000-38.000 50.000
Cao Alumin Tn 15.000 28.000-30.000 45.000
Kim tnh Tn 12.000 14.000-15.000 22.000
Tng cng Tn 63.000 78.000-80.000 117.000
Cc ngnh cng khc ch s dng mt lng vt liu chu la nh so vi ngnh
thp v xi mng:
Nm 2000 nhu cu 4000-4500 tn
Nm 2005 nhu cu 6000-6500 tn
Nm 2010 nhu cu 8000-8500 tn.
Qua s liu trn ta thy nhu cu vt liu chu la nc ta l rt ln trong
khi thc t cha p ng c.
Vic u t xy dng cc nh my vt liu chu la vi nng sut cao hn l
mt i hi thc t ph hp vi qu trnh pht trin ca nn kinh t.
Bn n ny thit k nh my vt liu chu la Samt A,B nng sut
25000Tn/nm, s dng l nung Tuynel hin i, dng nhin liu du FO mac

N TT NGHIP
100.Gch SamtA,B l sn phm chu la nm trong h alumsilicat c hm lng
Al
2
O
3
t 3045%.
Cng vi s pht trin chung ca nn kinh t quc dn, cng nghip sn xut
xi mng, vt liu chu la, luyn thp hin i ko theo s tng cng ca qu
trnh nhit, yu cu cht lng vt liu chu la phi tng tng ng, m bo
bn, chu ti trng c hc tc dng ca mi trng nhit cao .
Vt liu chu la samtA ,Bc th p ng c yu cu k thut hin i .
Theo (I 70) ta c cc loi gch samt sau:
Ch s Loi A Loi B Loi C
Hm lng Al
2
O
3
(%), khng hn 40 37 30
Theo thnh phn khong ngi ta chia ra lm 3 lo nh sau :
Sn phm Silimanit p ng thnh phn Al
2
O
3
SiO
2
Sn phm mulit p ng thnh phn > Al
2
O
3
.

SiO
2
3Al
2
O
3
.2SiO
2
Sn phm mulit - corun p ng thnh phn > 3Al
2
O
3
.SiO
2
Al
2
O
3
Sn phm corun p ng thnh phn ~ Al
2
O
3
Qua ta thy hm lng nhm khng ch l du hiu phn loi sn phm m n
cng quyt nh nhng tnh cht c bn ca sn phm

N TT NGHIP
II C S HA L
1.Phn loi vt liu chu la Alumosilicat
Vt liu chu la Alumosilicat l vt liu ch yu cha hai cu t l Al
2
O
3
v SiO
2
. Trong h ny c kh nhiu loi gch chu la trn c s hm lng Al
2
O
3
ca chng. Theo TCVN 5441:2004 v ISO th da trn hm lng Al
2
O
3
c th
phn chia nh sau:
Vt liu chu la bn axit 15 < Al
2
O
3
+ TiO
2
< 30%
Vt liu chu la samt 30 Al
2
O
3
+ TiO
2
<45%
Vt liu chu la Cao Alumin Al
2
O
3
+ TiO
2
45%
2. C s ho l
Trong k thut sn xut sn phm Alumosilicat, quan trng nht l gin
h hai cu t Al
2
O
3
SiO
2
. T gin ny ta c th xc nh c s bin i
thnh phn pha v tnh cht ca chng.
Gin Al
2
O
3
SiO
2
li c nhiu kin khc nhau v c nhiu chi tit khc
nhau. Gin u tin c cng b nm 1909, sau vo nm 1924, N.L.Bowen
v J.W.Greig l nhng ngi u tin nghin cu chi tit v gin ny v cng b
gin mi ca mnh. Theo N.L.Bowen v J.W.Greig th h ch c 1 hp cht duy
nht c to thnh l Mullite 3Al
2
O
3
.2SiO
2
ng vi 71,8% Al
2
O
3
v
28,2%SiO
2
. Mullite nng chy phn hu 1810
0
C to thnh corun v pha lng.
im tecti gia Mullite v SiO
2
nm 1545
0
C ng vi thnh phn 5,5%Al
2
O
3
v
94,5% SiO
2
(xem hnh 1).
Nm 1956, N.A.Toropov v F.YA.Galakhov a ra gin mi ca h
Al
2
O
3
- SiO
2
. Theo im tecti gia Mullite v SiO
2
ti im 1585
0
C v sau ny
l 1595
0
C vi thnh phn tng ng 7,5% Al
2
O
3
v 92,5% SiO
2
. Mullite c to ra
khng phi nng chy phn hu m l nng chy 1850
0
C (lc u l 1910
0
C)
khng b phn hu. Cng v th m c im tecti th hai gia Mullite v Al
2
O
3

im 1840
0
C (trc l 1850
0
C) ng vi 77,5%Al
2
O
3
v 22,5% SiO
2
.

N TT NGHIP
Trong gin Al
2
O
3
SiO
2
chng ta tm chia thnh 2 khu vc. Khu vc
Al
2
O
3
t 15 n 45% v khu vc t 45 n 100%. Khu vc th nht ng vi vt liu
chu la bn axit v samt v khu vc th hai ng vi vt liu chu la cao Alumin.
ng lng cn c trng cho s bin i lng pha lng khi tng nhit
ca h. Cng trong gin , xc nh t l pha rn v pha lng ca bt k im
no di ng lng bng nguyn tc n by.Trong khong t 1595
0
C n
1700
0
C, lng pha lng ca hn hp 45% Al
2
O
3
v 55% SiO
2
thay i t 38% n
4445%. Nu tng nhit ln 1775
0
C lng pha lng t ti 72%. Chnh v vy
on t 1595 n 1700
0
C ng lng tng i dc hn cn on t 1750
0
C n
1850
0
C ng lng km dc hn. Gin ny cng cho ta bit s bin i pha ca
h gia thnh phn ng vi Mullite v corun ca vt liu chu la cao Alumin. S
b ta thy khi hm lng Al
2
O
3
trn 72% ta c 2 pha tinh th l Mullite v corun
ng vi im nng chy ln lt l 1850
0
C v 2043
0
C. Gia chng to ra im
tecti 1840
0
C. Mt iu c bit l Mullite trong phm vi thnh phn Al
2
O
3
t
71,8 n 78% s to dung dch rn vi corun.


1545
0
C

1840
0
C(1850
0
C)
D
u
n
g

d
c
h

r
n

M
u
l
l
i
t
e
Dung dch rn
Mullite + Lng
Samt + Bn axit Cao
Alumin
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
90 100
Al
2
O
3
.2SiO
2
3Al
2
O
3
.2SiO
2

Al
2
O
3
,%Khi lng
Al
2
O
3
.SiO
2

2Al
2
O
3
.SiO
2
Hnh 1 Gin pha Al
2
O
3
- SiO
2
Theo Bowen v Greig Al
2
O
3
.2SiO
2
: Kaolinite
Theo Toropov v Galakhov 3Al
2
O
3
.2SiO
2
: Mullite
() im nng chy trc kia Al
2
O
3
.SiO
2
: Silimanite
Al
2
O
3
:
Corun
210
0
200
0
190
0
180
0
170
0
160
0
150
0
140
0
210
0
200
0
190
0
180
0
170
0
160
0
150
0
140
0
Lng
Mullite
+ Lng
Cristobalite
+ Mullite
Corun
+
Lng
Dung
dch
rn
Mullite
+
Corun
N
h
i
,

0
C

(1585
0
C)1595
0
C

1850
0
C(1910
0
C)

1810
0
C
N TT NGHIP
Cng qua gin ny ta thy r gi tr ca hm lng Al
2
O
3
trong phi liu.
Cng tng hm lng Al
2
O
3
trong phi liu th chu la, nhit bin dng ca
chng ngy cng tng. Tuy nhin tnh cht ca vt liu chu la khng ch ph
thuc vo hm lng %Al
2
O
3
m cn nhiu nhn t khc na.
Nhn chung lng pha lng ca vt liu bn axit tng ln chm hn so vi
samt nn ng lng tng i dc hn. Trong thc t sn xut ngoi 2 cu t ch
yu l Al
2
O
3
v SiO
2
cn c cc tp cht. Chnh cc tp cht vi lng 2-5% cc
oxyt nh Fe
2
O
3
, CaO, MgO, Na
2
O, K
2
O v.v... lm tng lng pha lng to thnh
v gim cc ch tiu k thut ca vt liu chu la.

- Tnh cht c l ca sn phm samt A,B:
Cc ch
tiu
chu
la
0
C
Sc co
ph %,
nhit
0
C
Cng
chu
nn
N/mm
2
xp
biu kin
% <
Nhit
0
C bt
u bin ng
di ti trng
kg/cm
2
Loi A 1730 <0.6%
1400
>25 <22 >1400
Loi B 1650 <0.6%
1300
>20 <23 >1300
III LA CHN A IM XY DNG NH MY,NGUYN NHIN
LIU . PHNG N CNG NGH V CHT LNG SN PHM
1. La chn a im xy dng nh my
1.1 .Cc yu cu ch yu ca a im c xy dng
- Din tch xy dng: m bo khong cch cc nh theo yu cu trn c s tit
kim t v b tr hp l cho cc cng trnh xy dng sp ti v s m rng nh
my sau ny.
- Khu vc nh ca cn b cng nhn nh my cch nh my khng xa qu m
bo iu kin v sinh, ng giao thng khng t, c th ni vi h thng ng
st.

N TT NGHIP
- Mt bng tng i phng, hi dc, d thot nc, nn mng kh tt
- Ngun cung cp nguyn liu, nhin liu, vt liu, nhn lc hp l.
- Gii quyt d dng vn tiu th sn phm, phc v tt cho cc nh my, gp
phn u t, tch lu cho nh nc.
1. 2.Chn a im xy dng nh my.
- Cn c vo iu kin hnh thnh khu cng nghip tp trung tnh Bc Ninh
- Cn c vo gi thu t xy dng nh my hp l tnh Bc Ninh
- Cn c vo cc iu kin giao thng, iu kin a hnh, iu kin cung cp
nguyn vt liu, in, nc, kh hu iu kin tiu th sn phm tng i thun
li. Chn a im xy dng nh my khu cng nghip Tin Sn- Tnh Bc
Ninh.
1.2.1 .iu kin t nhin ca vng:
-V tr a l:
- Khu cng nghip Tin Sn thuc cc x: ng Nguyn, Hon Sn, Ni Du nm
gn th trn T Sn v th trn Lim ca huyn Tin Sn c nay l 2 huyn T Sn
v Tin Du, cch H Ni 17 km, nm trong bn knh ca vng kinh t trng im
(tam gic tng trng kinh t: H Ni - Hi Phng - Qung Ninh ).
-Pha bc gip quc l 1 A v ng st quc gia.
-Pha ty gip x ng Nguyn
-Pha ng gip mng tiu phc v nng nghip x Ni Du
-Pha nam gip x Hon Sn v gn quc l 1 B
-Ton b din tch t ca khu cng nghip l 312,82 ha, c huy ng theo hnh
thc cun chiu. Trong trc mt tp trung giai on 1 ca d n theo 2 thi k
vi thi gian trin khai giai on ny chm nht l 8 nm vi din tch 134,76 ha.
Din tch t v vn u t ca tng giai on nh sau:
Din tch chim t
(ha)
Vn u t
(triu dng)
Giai on 1 134,76 269,867
Thi k 1 (4 nm) 76,22 149,259
Thi k 2 (4 nm) 58,54 120,253
Giai on 2 178,06 406,459

N TT NGHIP
Tng 312,82 676,326
- Cch sn bay quc t Ni Bi theo quc l 18: 20 (Km)
Nm st 2 tuyn ng 1A v 1B ni H Ni - Bc Ninh - Bc giang - Lng Sn.
Ngoi ra cn gn cc tuyn giao thng, cng bc xp ng sng ( sng ung,
sng Cu v cng sng Cu), gn ng xe la Bc Nam st vi tuyn ng st i
Lng Sn sang Trung Quc.
V tr xy dng nh my trong khu cng nghip, nh my xy dng theo hng gi
ng nam, cng chnh nh my m ra con ng huyt mch gia ng 1A c v
ng 1A mi.
- Pha Nam gip nh my ch bin nguyn liu st v nh my gch Granit.
- Pha ty l khu t trng dnh cho cc khu cng nghip khc cha u t.
- Pha bc gip nh my sn xut ngi r man.
-iu kin kh hu:
Khu vc ny c kh hu chung ca vng ng bng bc b, nhit i m, c ma
ng lnh.
- Nhit trung bnh trong nm : 24,3 (
0
C)
- Nhit trung bnh thng cao nht trong nm : 30,1 (
0
C)
- Nhit trung bnh thng thp nht trong nm : 16,3 (
0
C)
- S gi nng trong nm : 1429 (h)
- Lng ma c nm : 1558 (mm H
2
O)
- Tc gi mnh nht : 34 (m/s)
- m tng i trung bnh thng : 79 (%).
1.2.2.iu kin kinh t x hi
Tnh Bc Ninh vi din tch 197,9 (km
2
) tc tng trng kinh t t nm 2006
n 2010 l 15,3 (%),. Trong tc tng trng kinh t ca th x Bc Ninh v
Huyn T Sn l cao nht trong tnh. c bit huyn T Sn nm trn trc ng
quc l 1A, dn c phn ln l bun bn, lm nng nghip v lm ngh ph. Trong
nhng nm ti khu cng nghip ny s cp php xy dng t hai do cng to
iu kin cho s pht trin kinh t chung ca khu cng nghip ny.

N TT NGHIP
- Vng Tin Sn c kh nng cung cp ngun lao ng c tay ngh cao, c bit
vi cc ngh truyn thng, th cng, m ngh (xy dng, c kim kh, dt, may,
thu, mc, m ngh).
- C qu t m rng 2 th trn Lim v T Sn cng nh t xy dng
im dn c phc v cho khu cng nghip.
1.2.3 iu kin giao thng vn ti:
Khu cng nghip Tin Sn iu kin giao thng vn ti rt thun li nm gia quc
l 1A c H Ni-Lng Sn v quc l 1A mi ni vi quc l 5 H Ni Hi Phng
v nh my. Trong khu cng nghip h thng giao thng c tri b tng nha
hon ton v c chiu sng bng n cao p hin i. T y c th thng thng
vi cc trung tm kinh t ln nh H Ni - Hi Phng - Qung Ninh bng ng
cao tc v quc l 5 H Ni Hi Phng.
1.2.4 H thng in:
KCN Tin Sn c cp in t li in quc gia qua trm bin p 110/22KV vi
cng sut 2x40 MVA v h thng truyn ti in dc theo cc l t m bo
cp in y v n nh n hng ro cho mi nh my trong Khu cng nghip..
Ngun cung cp in cho cc nh my trong khu cng nghip thng qua li in
110/22 (kv)(2 my 40 MVA) cng ng dn in h th n cc nh my trc
thuc
1.2.5.iu kin cp thot nc v x l cht thi:
- Khu cng nghip c tr lng nc ngm ln pht trin khu cng nghip
(30000 m
3
/ngy).
- Nc cung cp cho khu cng nghip c ly t ngun nc ngm nh my,
cng sut 6500 (m
3
/ngy), b cha 1000 (m
3
) cao 30 (m).
- V cht thi ca nh my khng c nn c th thi trc tip vo ng ng x l
v thot nc chung ca khu cng nghip.
- V lng bi v ting n ca nh my, dng h thng lc bi tay o, lm vic lin
tc, hiu qu lc cao.
1.2.6. iu kin cung cp nguyn liu:

N TT NGHIP
- Nguyn,nhin liu ch yu c nhp v t cc tnh Vnh Phc, Qung Ninh
c t chuyn v theo ng quc l v nh my.
1.2.7 .H thng thng tin lin lc:
m bo mi nhu cu thng tin lin lc v cc dch v bu in, thng qua mng
li bu in tnh v cc bu in ln cn nh :
- Bu in th trn Lim
- Bu in th trn T Sn
1.2.8 H thng phng chy cha chy:
Bo v hiu qu khu cng nghip vi h thng phng chy, cha chy t tiu
chun cp nh nc.

1.3. Nguyn liu sn xut , nhin liu
1.3.1 La chn nguyn liu:
m bo cht lng gch samt A vi hm lng Al
2
O
3
t 38 45% v
gch samt B hm lng Al
2
O
3
t 30 38% ta chn nguyn liu bng sau:

N TT NGHIP
i vi sa mt A
Nguyn
liu
Thnh phn ho hc %
Al
2
O
3
SiO
2
Fe
2
O
3
R
2
O RO CK MKN

(%)
CL
(
0
C)
Sn samt
Tn mi
loi 1
40.86 52.02 0.79 0.82 1.87 3.62 0.02 100 1750
t st
Vnh phc
24.22 59.83 2.00 1.23 2.02 1.58 9.12 100 1610
Caolanh
vnh phc
34,15 47,96 0,96 0,22 0,9 2,76 13,05 98,12 1750
i vi sa mt B
Nguyn liu Thnh phn ha sau khi quy i v 100%
Al
2
O
3
SiO
2
Fe
2
O
3
R
2
O RO CK MKN

Samot vnh phc
2
33,8
8
58,7
5
1,44 1,03 2,30 2,60 - 100%
Cao lanh vnh
phc 2 31,94 55,38 1,36 0,97 2,17 2,45 5,41 99,68
t st Vnh
phc
24,22 59,83 2,00 1,23 2,02 1,58 9,12 100
Bng thnh phn ho nguyn liu
Nguyn liu chnh l sn samt nhp v t Tn mi (QungNinh) v Vnh
Phc , dng vin, kch thc 230x230x110mm (mt phn c nh my t sn

N TT NGHIP
xut bng cch nung t st,cao lanh chu la).N c vai tr l ct liu gy trong
thnh phn gch samt , c thnh phn ho hc nh bng trn. Samt ny c sn
xut bng cch nung t st c hm lng Al
2
O
3
cao trong l quay, l gin on,
c th trong c l tng si,nung n nhit kt khi .
Yu cu v sn samt:
Nguyn liu Hmlng
(%)
ht nc
(%)
m (%) chu la
(
0
C)
Sn samot
A
80 <5 2 1750
Sn samot B 80 <5 2 1670
t st , cao lanh nhp v kho dng cc, kch thc 400x250x250mm, m
1525%, n c vai tr lm cht lin kt , lin kt cc ht samt li vi nhau.
1.3.2. La chn nhin liu:
Nhin liu s dng l du FO mc 100
2. La chn phng n sn phm v ch tiu cht lng sn phm
2.1 La chn phng n sn phm
- Nhim v chnh ca nh my l sn xut gch chu la samot phc v cho ngnh
cng nghip xi mng ,luyn kim v cc nghnh cng nghip khc
Kiu kch thc c bn c gch chu la samt chun c quy nh hnh 1,2,3
v bng 1

N TT NGHIP
Bng 1
K hiu Kiu gch Kch thc
a b c c
1
H
1
H
2
H
3
H
4
Gch hnh ch nht (hnh
1) 230
230
230
230
113
113
113
113
20
30
40
65
H
1
H
2
H
3
H
4
Gch vt dc (hnh 2)
230
230
230
230
113
113
113
113
65
65
75
75
45
55
55
65
H
1
H
2
H
3
H
4
H
5
Gch vt ngang (hnh 3)
113
113
113
113
113
230
230
230
230
230
65
65
65
75
75
45
50
55
35
65

N TT NGHIP
.Ring i vi cng nghip xi mng ch yu xy zn tin nung ,thp lm
ngui,thp trao i nhit,canxiner ca l quay. Phng n kch thc sn phm
tng ng nh sau :
Bng 1: Kch thc cc loi gch chu la dng cho l quay .
Theo h chiu dy mt ngui khng i
K hiu
Kch thc (mm)
A B H L
216
316
416
516
716
103
86,0
92,0
94,5
96,5
98,3
160 198
218
318
418
518
618
718
103
84,0
90,5
93,5
96,5
97,0
97,7
180 198
220
320
420
520
620
720
820
103
82,0
89,o
92,5
94,7
96,2
97,0
97.8
200 198
322
422
522
622
722
822
103
88,0
91,5
94,0
95,5
96,5
97,3
220 198
425
525
625
725
825
103
90,0
92,7
94,5
95,5
96,5
250 198
Ch thch : K hiu gch ct u tin ca bng. x x x
= Ch s hng chc v
hng n v l k hiu
biu th chiu cao gch xy
trong l quay tnh bng cm

N TT NGHIP

= Ch s hng trm l k hiu
biu th gch cho ng knh
l tnh bng m

Bng 2 : Kch thc cc loi gch chu la dng cho l quay .
Theo h chiu dy trung bnh khng i

K hiu
Kch thc (mm)
A B H L
B 216
B 416
78
75
65
68
160 198
B 218
B 318
B 418
B 518
B 618
78
76,5
75
74,5
74
65
66,5
68
68,5
69
180 198
B 220
B 320
B 420
B 520
B 620
78
76,5
75
74,5
74
65
66,5
68
68,5
69
200 198
B 222
B 322
B 422
B 522
B 622
78
76,5
75
74,5
74
65
66,5
68
68,5
69
220 198
B 325
B 425
B 525
B 625
B 725
78
76,5
75
74,5
74
65
66,5
68
68,5
69
250 198
Ch thch : K hiu gch ct u tin ca bn x x x
= Ch s hng chc v
hng n v l k hiu
biu th chiu cao gch xy
trong l quay tnh bng cm

= Ch s hng trm l k hiu
biu th gch cho ng knh
l tnh bng m

N TT NGHIP
Hnh dng vin gch
Ch thch : A- Chiu rng mt ngui
B- Chiu rng mt nng
H- Chiu cao
L- Chiu di
Ngoi ra nh my s nhn cc n t hng theo yu cu ca khch hng cc
loi sn phm samt khc nhau v chng loi v cht lng.
2.2. Gii thiu ch tiu cht lng sn phm. (Theo tiu chun TCVN4710 :
1989 )
Tn ch tiu Loi gch chu la Samot
SA SB SC
Hm lng Al
2
O
3
tnh bng %, khng nh
hn
35 30 28
chu la tnh bng
0
C khng nh hn
1730 1650 1580
co ph trong 2 gi, % khng ln hn
nhit
0,7
1400
7
1300
0,7
1200
Nhit bt u bin dng di ti trng
0,2 N/mm
2
,
o
C khng nh hn
1400 1300 1200
Gii hn bn kh nn tnh bng N/mm
2
khng nh hn
20,0 15,0 12,5
xp biu kin tnh bng % khng ln 24 25 26

N TT NGHIP
hn
Khi lng th tch bng g/cm
3
khng nh
hn
2,0 1,95 1,9

N TT NGHIP

CHNG II : PHN CNG NGH
I. TNG QUAN CNG NGH SN XUT GCH CHU LA H
ALUMOSILICAT,NHM SN PHM SAMOT
Cng ngh sn xut gch samt giai on chun b phi liu gm 2 phn:
chun b t st kt dnh v chun b ph gia gy samt.
1 Chun b t st lm cht kt dnh
t st lm cht kt dnh trong phi liu sn xut gch chu la samt cn
phi phn phi u gia cc ht samt.V vy chng cn phi ln lt nghin hay
thi, sy, nghin mn v c th sng ri chuyn n kho. Mun sy kh c tt, c
hiu qu phi dng my nghin trc rng hay my thi t thi nh. sy t st
thng dng l sy thng quay c m lm vic theo nguyn tc cng chiu gia
kh v t. m t st vo l sy 15-25%, sau khi sy 5-7%, nhit kh vo sy
600-800
0
C ra 105-120
0
C. V lm vic cng chiu nn khng s t b qu nhit
trnh c dehydrat ho
Nghin t st thng dng my nghin l x, vi m 10-12% sau khi
nghin ht <0,54 mm t ti hn 70%. Sau khi nghin xong c th sng, ht ln hn
1,5-2mm s quay v my nghin.
Mi nht hin nay ngi ta dng h thng my sy nghin lin hp vi qut
ht qua cycln lng bi. u tin nguyn liu qua my tip liu vo thp ng cng
vi khi l. t st mn bay theo kh nng qua cyclon lng bi qut ht. Dng
kiu ny tiu tn nng lng chung t hn 25% so vi phng php sy thng quay
v nghin trong my l x. Kch thc ca my li nh, u t vn t so vi phng
php trn, thnh phn ht v m d iu chnh.
2 Nung samt

N TT NGHIP
Samt sn xut bng cch nung t st hay kaolin n nhit kt khi, ht
nc ca n khng qu 5%, loi c bit nh hn 2% ( loi ht nh 2-3mm). ht
nc ph thuc vo nhit nung v phng php chun b t st. Ngi ta tn dng
cc mnh v, ph phm samt nhng xp ca n cao so vi samt nung n kt
khi.
nung t st hay Kaolin thnh samt c nhiu phng php. Hin nay
nhiu nh my dng l ng nhng tt hn c l dng l quay t bng nhin liu
kh hay FO. Nu t bng nhin liu rn, x s lm bn samt v gim cht lng
samt. . L quay l l c kh ho cao, cht lng sa mt cao v ng nht cao (
ht nc <5%). Ch tiu k thut l nung sa mt cho trong bng 7.
Bng 7 : Ch tiu k thut cc l nung samt
Kiu l
Cc ch tiu tiu tn ln 1 tn sn phm Thi hn ton
chu trnh nung
(gi)
Nguyn liu
(tn)
Nhin liu tiu
chun (tn)
Nhn lc
(Ngi/ gi)
L gin on 1,4-1,5 0,30-0,35 5-8 125-200
L vng 1,4-1,5 0,10-0,15 5-7 125-160
L ng 1,4-1,5 0,10-0,13 2-3 40-55
L quay 1,4-1,5 0,13-0,15 0,7-2,0 2-3

3. Nghin samt
Ra khi l nung samt phi p nh trong my p hm, hoc trong my dp
cn n kch thc 20-30mm. Sau chng c nghin nh trong my nghin qu
ln (xa lun), my ba, my nghin trc nhn, my nghin cn. Thi gian hin nay
ngi ta dng my nghin qu ln nng vi cu to n gin, nng sut cng tng
i cao hoc dng my p ba vi khe sng tng ng. My nghin qu ln c u
im l ht to ra tng i trn d sp xp ht trong phi liu c mt cao.

N TT NGHIP
Trong cng nghip vt liu chu la thng dng cc c ht khc nhau do
sau khi nghin sa mt phi sng phn loi ht v ngi ta hay dng my sng rung.
Kch thc ht ln nht ca sa mt 3 5mm.
c cc loi ht mn (10% cn li trn sng 4900 l/cm
2
) thng dng cc
my nghin bi c ng knh tng ng vi sn lng yu cu.
4 La chn thnh phn ht samt
Thnh phn ht nh hng nhiu n cht lng sn phm samt. iu chnh
thnh phn ht samt s thay i c tnh cht sn phm nh cng , mt ,
bn x, bn sc nhit, thm kh v.v...
Thc t vi phi liu samt cha nhiu t st kt dnh (n 40 50%), mt
sp xp ca ht samt khng c gi tr quyt nh ln mt sn phm v t st
ph hu vic phn phi sp xp ht samt.
Tuy nhin loi sn phm cha 20 30% t st, cc ht samt nh hn 0,1
0,2mm c gi tr quyt nh ln tnh cht sn phm samt. Nu tng lng ny ln
mc d tng kch thc ht ln nht n 4 5mm n vn tng cng mt v
gim thm kh ca sn phm, khi bn sc nhit gim i mt t. Nu gim
lng ht nh ngay c khi gim ln cc i ca ht xung 1-2mm n s lm sn
phm b t, b v h thp cng ca chng, nhng n li tng bn sc nhit
ln mt t.
Vai tr quyt nh nht ca ht samt rt mn l tc dng lm gy t st kt
dnh. t st kt dnh c lm gy bng cc ht bi samt, khi sy, nung s gim
co th tch v mc ri t gia t st kt dnh vi ht samt ln s rt nh. Nu
phi liu cha tng i t ht ln th sn phm d dng co th tch khi nung. co
di tng ca n so snh vi phi liu ht ln khi cng t l t st kt dnh tng ln
2 3%. Nh vy sn phm cha nhiu ht mn s tng cng v mt sn
phm ln.

N TT NGHIP
Nu gim lng ht mn s h thp mc lm gy t st kt dnh. Nh th
s lin kt gia t st kt dnh v ht samt ln b t ri khi nung. Ht samt ln
li gim i lng co tng ca sn phm khi nung nn tng vic to thnh cc k
nt li ti gia t st kt dnh v ht samt. iu dn ti h thp mt , cng
sn phm nhng li tng bn sc nhit ca chng ln.
Nh vy thay i lng ht nh nht c th iu chnh c tnh cht quan
trng nht ca sn phm l bn sc nhit v bn x. Nu ng thi gim lng
ht nh, tng kch thc ht ln n 3-5mm th s tng bn sc nhit. Nu tng
lng ht nh ng thi h thp ln ca ht xung 1,5-2mm th dn ti tng
cng , mt , bn x ca sn phm.
Vic la chn thnh phn ht samt cho sn phm nhiu samt khc vi phi
liu samt thng v lng t kt dnh t (15-20%). Cho nn s sp xp cc ht,
thnh phn ht ca n c gi tr quyt nh ln tnh cht sn phm. Khi sn xut sn
phm nhiu samt ngi ta thng dng 2 hoc 3 c ht cn loi samt thng
ngi ta khng phn ring c ht. Phi liu sn phm nhiu samt c m phi
liu khong 5 - 6%, tng lin kt v cng vin mc c th cho thm 0,5%
keo CLS (khi lng kh), mt khc cn thnh phn ht c mt sp xp cao
nht. Nu dng ht ln 4-5mm trung bnh 4,5mm l ti a, cc ht 0,5-1mm trung
bnh l 0,75mm v ht mn 0,05-0,15mm trung bnh 0,1mm, t l kch thc ht
tng ng l 6 v 7,5. T l ny theo tnh ton cng nh thc t c kim tra
th mt sp xp cc i nu dng 2-3 loi ht c t l tt nht l: ht ln 55-65%,
trung bnh 10-30%, ht mn 15-30%.
Tuy nhin vic la chn thnh phn ht nh th m bo mt sp xp cao
nhng cha thy r nh hng ca bt t st kt dnh khi cho vo mt lng 15-
20%. St cho vo dng ht < 0,001 n 0,005mm l dng ht rt mn s lm phi
liu tip tc st c hn na.
Trong qu trnh nung, t st s ph hoi s sp xp ca ht trong phi liu do
thay i tnh cht ca chng v xc nh bng mt sn phm nung cui cng. S dao

N TT NGHIP
ng hm lng t st trong khong 5-25% khi khng thay i lng ht ln th
khng nh hng r rng n sc co ca sn phm.
Gch samt thng c bn sc nhit v cng cao cha gn 40-45%
ht <0,5mm, hoc gn 25-30% ht <0,1-0,2mm. ln ca ht khng qu 4-5mm.
i vi sn phm phc tp v nh hn, ln ca ht rt xung cn 2-3mm. Samt
sn xut sn phm nhiu samt nh ch r gm 2 loi ht: ht t 0,5-1mm n
3-4mm v ht nh nghin trong my nghin bi phi c 85-95% ht lt qua sng
4900 l/cm
2
(0,09mm).
5. To hnh sn phm t phi liu bn kh.
p bn kh m bo cho sn phm c cht lng cao ngha l kch thc,
hnh dng n nh, cu to ng nht, bn sc nhit cao. Mt , cng ca
sn phm p bn kh t rt cao. Phng php p bn kh l phng php ch yu
i vi gch thng, gch d hnh n gin v c i vi gch d hnh phc tp. p
bn kh khc vi phng php do l m phi liu ch trong khong 7-8% (
m tng i). m nh vy gn 50% t kt dnh khng phi nm trng thi
do m mi trng thi n phng m thi.
lin kt gia t st v samt c tt, phi liu -
c chun b v p di p sut ln 300 kg/cm
2
hoc cao hn nhiu.
S sn xut gch samt bng phng php p bn kh cho
trong hnh 8.

N TT NGHIP

t st kt dnh
p nh
Sy
Nghin
Sng
Kt cha
(thng quay)
(my l x)
(sng rung)
Samt
p nh (dp hm)
Nghin th
Sng(sng rung)
Ht th Ht trung bnh

(my thi hoc
my khc)
Nghin
bi
Ht mn
nh lng
(theo th tch hoc
khi lng)
Lm m v gia cng
phi liu
(my trn qu ln)
Nc, ph gia kt
dnh
nh ti phi liu
Kt cha
p bn kh
Sy
Nung
Phn loi
Hnh 8 : S sn xut gch Samt
N TT NGHIP
lm tt s lin kt gia t st v ht samt khi chun b phi liu ngi
ta thm t ht samt th bng t st dng huyn ph c hoc khng c cht
in gii. Khi thm t nh vy trn mt ht samt to thnh mt mng mng t
st. Samt nung km nn ht hi m ca t st hay huyn ph qu mnh lm mng
t qu kh, s lin kt gia ht samt vi t st km i, cho nn i vi samt
xp m phi liu cn phi tng ln. Sau trn samt v st mn, cc giai on
ny tin hnh my trn. Nhim v ca my trn khng phi ch l phn phi u
t st gia cc ht samt m cn lm nhim v lin kt gia cc ht samt li vi
nhau. gia cng phi liu tt nht dng my trn qu ln, v n va mit, va lm
st c phi liu di tc dng ca qu ln. Nu s dng t st do kt khi tt th
khng phi dng my trn qu ln nng m dng loi nh. Vic trn phi liu c
lm rt nhanh trong my trn qu ln nh (250 kg/qu) kt hp vi my nh ti.
Khuyt im ca my trn qu ln ngoi vic tiu tn nhiu in ra, n cn lm
thay i thnh phn ht ban u, lm cht phi liu nn phi nh ti phi liu .
Nhiu nh my hin nay cng vic trn hon ton t ng ho lm nng sut v
cht lng phi liu tng ln nhiu.
Nhim v p l lm phi liu chun b trn st c nht v ng u nht
di tc dng ca lc p. Cng , mt ph thuc vo qu trnh p. Loi gch
samt thng ngi ta dng cc loi my nn khc nhau vi lc nn n trn 1000
tn, nn cng mt lc 4 vin c kch thc tiu chun, p lc ring n 400 kg/cm
2
tu loi sn phm. m bo mt cao cn loi tr khng kh khi phi liu, c
th dng phng php ht chn khng. Tu theo yu cu cng nh hnh dng ca
gch m c th la chn my p v phng php p khc nhau.

N TT NGHIP
Ngoi phng php p bn kh ph bin ngi ta cn dng phng php p
do, phng php rt i vi sn phm c bit.
6. Sy sn phm
Sn phm samt ch yu sy trong l sy tuynen lin tc, phng sy gin
on. Ngy nay cc sn phm d hnh phc tp ngi ta sy trn cc khung t
trong phm vi sy c nhit thp trong thi gian di.
Hin nay sn phm samt nn bn kh cho php ta tng cng sy ln
c, v th ngi ta xy l sy tuynen ghp vi l nung tuynen. Tc nhn sy l
kh nng ly l nung vi nhit khi vo l 180-250
0
C ra 60-80
0
C. Trc khi vo
l nung gch chu la c hm nng ti l sy.
Thi gian sy sn phm samt tiu chun v d hnh nh bng phng php
bn kh khong 12 gi, cn phng php do thi hn sy 20-30 gi. Sy sn phm
kch thc ln khi lng khng qu 5 kg thi hn sy 20 gi, loi 10-12 kg cn
40-60 gi, loi 15-20 kg ln n 80-100 gi.
7. Nung sn phm
Nhim v nung l kt khi tt v m bo mt , n nh th tch, cng
sn phm. Nhit nung cn thch hp nu qu cao th sn phm c cng
cao, mt ln nhng sn phm b bin dng do b clinke ho.
Qu trnh ho l c bn xy ra khi nung samt tng giai on c khc
nhau. nhit 150-200
0
C sn phm tch ht nc c hc. Tc giai on ny
dao ng trong khong 10-20
0
C trong 1 gi. Sn phm nhiu samt th tc nng
nhit nhanh hn so vi cc loi khc.
Tip tc nng nhit n 400-550
0
C tu theo tc nng nhit m n
dn dn phn hu kaolinite, tch ra nc lin kt ho hc. ng thi vi vic tch
nc ho hc sn phm co khng nhiu lm (0,5-1%) do khng gy nn ng sut
ln lm trong sn phm.

N TT NGHIP
Qu trnh phn hu kaolinite ny trc tip lin h vi hiu ng thu nhit ln
nht trn ng phn tch nhit (hnh 10) khong 450-650
0
C v gy nn hin
tng t lm chm tc tch hi nc lin kt ho hc.
Trong giai on phn hu kaolinite ny cng ca sn phm h i mt t,
nhng ng thi sn phm cng c kh nng bin dng do.
Thc t khi nung cc sn phm t st giai on ny k nt thng khng
xut hin.

N TT NGHIP
Theo kin ca nhiu nh nghin cu (V.I Vernatski) kaolinite sau khi phn
hu n nm dng Mta kaolinite Al
2
O
3
.2SiO
2
n nhit 800-900
0
C. Mt s nh
nghin cu khc (A.M.Xokolov), D.X Bliankin...) cho rng kaolinite khi phn hu
to thnh cc oxyt Al
2
O
3
v SiO
2
trng thi ln ln. Hin nay quan im ny c c
s hn. khong 650-900
0
C s xy ra bin i ng u v th tch nhng khng
ln lm, co tng qut 12,5%. Tp cht quartz trong t st lm gim co ny
ch yu l do s gin n th tch khi chuyn t dng sang dng quartz.
Nh vy trong khong 200-900
0
C sn phm co t li u v n tin hnh
trong trng thi vt liu n hi, cng ban u khng cao v tng ln khng
nhiu. nhit 920-940
0
C trn ng phn tch nhit ta thy c hiu ng to
nhit. Theo nhiu nh nghin cu l s chuyn t oxyt nhm v nh hnh sang
Al
2
O
3
v xut hin nhng mm tinh th mullite 3Al
2
O
3
.2SiO
2
, ng thi sc co ca

200 600 1000
Nhit ,
0
C
Hnh 10 - ng DTA v TGA ca
samt
1- Nhit 2- co 3- Mt
khi lng
9
7
5
3
1
0
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
70
50
30
10
0
10
30
50
70
90
110
130
150
S
c

c
o

v
t

k
h
i

l
n
g
,

%
C
h
n
h

l
c
h

n
h
i
a

m
u
v
u

t
i
u

c
h
u
n
,

630
0
C
930
0
C
1
2
3
1195
0
C
1300
0
C
N TT NGHIP
t st tng mt cch nhy vt giai on ny v t n 4% (sc co tng vi tc
0,3% trong 10
0
C khong 900-950
0
C). i vi khong nhit ny c th c
trng bng hin tng bt u bin dng do.
Tip tc tng nhit t st bt u c kt khi khong 1000-1100
0
C.
Cng kt khi ca t st phn tn cao hon thnh khong kt khi 100-
150
0
C. Trong khong ny c 10
0
C n co thm 0,6-1%. Qu trnh kt khi ca a s
t st cn bn kt thc 1200-1250
0
C. Tuy nhin t st chu la cao, t tp cht
nhit kt khi kt thc 1450
0
C hoc hn. Pha lng to ra khong nhit ny
xc tin qu trnh kt khi v to ra mullite. Ngi ta cn nhn thy cc nhit
1190
0
C v 1300
0
C c hiu ng to nhit khng ln lm, hiu ng u do kt tinh
mullite hiu ng sau do kt tinh Cristobalite t SiO
2
ca kaolin phn hu.
S bin i th tch t st kh nhiu khi kt khi c th xut hin k nt.
Tuy nhin phi liu samt thng c co khong 2-4% nn nu tc nung va
phi th khng th nt c. Nh vy nh pha lng to ra nhanh nhit kt khi
(1100-1200
0
C) lm tnh do ca gch samt tng ln, do t nng sn phm
khng u giai on ny khng nh hng lm n cht lng sn phm.
i vi sn phm samt trong khong 1000-1300
0
C tc nng nhit 20-
30
0
C/h th khng nguy him. Cn phi liu dng samt kt khi thp khong co
mnh 1100-1200
0
C tc nng nhit h xung 5-10
0
C/h. Nhit nung sn
phm samt thng cao hn nhit kt khi t st kt dnh 100-150
0
C sn
phm cn c cng v th tch n nh. Duy tr lu sn phm nhit thp c
th gim c hin tng qu nhit nhng cn phi vt qu nhit kt khi ca
t st.
Sn phm t t st kaolinite giu Al
2
O
3
nhit nung hon thnh 1350-
1380
0
C tip tc tng nhit ln 1430-1450
0
C n s kt khi tt hn v rt ngn
sc co ph n mc nh nht. Sn phm samt cht lng cao, tp cht t, lng
pha lng to ra t nn nhit nung cui cng c th t ti 1450-1500
0
C.
Qu trnh lm ngui samt ch km theo co nhit m thi. Trong thc t l
cng nghip sn phm samt kch thc chun lm ngui vi tc 60-70
0
C/ gi.

N TT NGHIP
Tuy nhin tc thc t cn ph thuc vo cu trc, kch thc ca l, tnh cht,
kch thc hnh dng ca sn phm, mc lm gy samt.
Trong cc l hin ti gii hn c th ca tc nung trong l vng ko di
65-80 gi, l tuynen 30-40 gi, cc l nh hn khong 15-20 gi. Hin nay nung
samt thng dng l gin on kiu con thoi hoc l tuynen.
Bng 8 : Ch tiu kinh t k thut ca l nung samt
Cc ch tiu
Kiu l
L con thoi L vng L tuy-nen
Tiu tn nhin liu tiu
chun % trng lng sn
phm nung
15-20 10-12 7-8
Nhn cng ra vo l 1 tn
sn phm nung: ngi/ gi
1,0-2,0 3,0-5,8 1,0-2,0
Thi hn ton qu trnh
nung, gi
40 - 80 65-150 40-75
Trn th gii l vng c loi b t thp nin 60 v ch tn ti 2 loi l:
L con thoi hot ng gin on t bng nhin liu lng hoc kh, l tuynen hot
ng lin tc cng t bng nhin liu lng v kh.
L con thoi c dung tch 10 - 100 m
3
hot ng trn nguyn tc dng xe
gong a sn phm mc vo l. Sau khi kt thc nung, sn phm c lm ngui
ti ch v cui cng m ca ko xe gong sn phm ra ngoi. L con thoi ang
c s dng rng ri cc nc k c nc ta nung gm s v vt liu xy
dng. Cng ty Vt liu chu la Cu ung thuc Tng Cng ty Thu tinh v Gm
xy dng Viglacera a vo hot ng l con thoi dung tch khong 40 m
3
vi
nhit nung ti a 1600
0
C t bng nhin liu lng.
Mt xp gch samt trong l nung dao ng t 800 n 1200 kg/m
3
. Thi
gian nung dao ng 20-30 gi. Sn phm nung trong l tng i ng u nh h
iu khin t ng cng nh kh ng hc trong l. Do l hot ng gin on nn
sn lng ni chung l thp v tiu tn nhiu nhin liu hn. Tuy nhin n ph hp

N TT NGHIP
vi c s sn xut c sn lng nh hoc dng nung nhng sn phm thuc
chng loi c bit vi sn lng thp.
L tuynen l loi l ph bin nht nung gm s ni chung v vt liu chu la
ni ring do nng sut ln, tiu tn nhin liu thp, t ng ho hon ton c,
nng sut lao ng cao. sn xut samt thng dng l nung tuynen di 60-80m,
rng 1,5-3m, chiu cao t mt xe gong n trn l 1,2-1,4m. cng gim chiu cao
th s nung cng u. m bo sn lng c th tng chiu rng ca l v hin
nay chiu rng ln nht ca l t 3,2m. Thi gian nung tnh t lc vo n lc ra l
dao ng trong khong 40-60 gi. Mt xp gch trong l cng dao ng t 650
n 1200 kg/m
3
. Cng nh l con thoi, nhin liu tt nht t l l nhin liu kh,
sau l nhin liu lng nh du Diesel, Mazt FO, du ho.
II. LA CHN PHNG PHP SN XUT V DY CHUYN SN
XUT,THUYT MINH DY CHUYN
1 La chn phng php sn xut gch Samt A, B
Sn phm samtA,B hm lng t st tng i ln (20% - 30%) nn dng
phng php p to hnh bn kh p lc trung bnh (500 700KG/cm
2
).
C s: i vi sn phm samotA ta dng 80% sn Samt kt khi vi 10% cao
lanh,10% t st kt dnh v ph gia.
i vi sn phm samot B ta dng 80 sn samot kt khi vi 20% t st kt dnh
v ph gia.
2. Dy chuyn sn xut :

N TT NGHIP

H
t

t
h
Kho t
st,cao lanh
Cu trc
Phu tip
liu
My thi t
st
Phu tip
liu
Bng ti
My sy thng
quay
Gu nng
Bun ke
Kho sn
samt
Cu trc
Phu tip
liu
My p hm
Gu nng
Bun ke
Tip liu
lc
My nghin
ln
Gu nng
N TT NGHIP

`

H
t

t
h
My nghin
l x
Gu nng
Sng rung
Tip liu lc
Bunke
1.
kcht
hc ht
t
>3mm
My
nghin bi
rung
Gu
nn
g
Bunke
3 kch
thc
ht
t0.1
0,5mm
Bunke
4 kch
thc
htt
0,53m
m
Bunke
2.
kch
thc
ht <
0.1mm
Bng ti
Cn nh l-
ng
My trn Dung dch
H
2
O
Gu nng
Bun ke cha
My p ma
st
Xp mc
ln gong
Bun ke
Tip liu lc
Sng rung
To hnh
th cng
Bun ke ht
mn
N TT NGHIP
III. THUYT MINH DY CHUYN
Sn samt vn chuyn t qung Ninh,Vnh Phc v bng t ri c a
vo kho cha. Cn t st (cht kt dnh) vn chuyn t Vnh Phc v cng c
a vo kho cha.
Sau sn samt c cu trc a ln Bunke cha, t Bunke sn samt ny
c a vo my p hm loi CM21A thng qua my tip liu loi CM21A. ra
khi my p hm c c ht t 1825mm sau c gu nng a ln Bunke
ri i xung my nghin ln. Ra khi my nghin ln c c ht ch yu < 3mm.
Sau khi samt ra khi my nghin ln c gu nng a ln sng rung hai lp, ra
khi sng rung c hai loi c ht: t 0,5 3mm v t 0,10.,5 mm. Nhng ht c
kch thc 0,53mm ng trong Bunke cha 4,nhng ht c kch thc 0,10,5mm
ng trong Bunke cha 3.Nhng ht c kch thc >3mm mt phn c chuyn
vo bunke 1 mt phn c quay tr li bunke tip liu cho my nghin ln. Bunke
cha 1 mc ch cung cp nguyn vt liu cho my nghin bi rung.
My nghin bi rung c tc dng to ra c ht < 0.1mm. Ra khi my my nghin bi
bt liu c gu nng a ln Bunke cha 2.
Xe cn di ng chy trn ng ray, cn sn samt theo t l bi phi liu:
55% ht 0,5 3 mm
10% ht :0,1 0,5 mm
35% ht < 0,1 mm

Sy
nung
Phn
loi
Thnh
phm
Ph
phm
Kho nguyn
liu
Phn
loi
N TT NGHIP
i vi t st, t kho cha t st c cu trc a ln phu tip liu, ri t
my tip liu i xung my thi t st. ra khi my thi c c ht 30x40mm.
Sau t st c bng ti a ln phu cha , ri t phu cha t st c a
xung my sy thng quay. My sy thng quay ny c tc dng lm gim m
ca t st xung thun tin cho cc cng on gia cng tip theo.
My sy thng quay ny hot ng theo nguyn tc cng chiu, kh nng v t st
i cng chiu. Nhit tc nhn sy 600 800
o
C. thi gian sy 3045 pht. Nhit
u ra 100120
o
C.
Ra khi my sy m ca t st gim xung cn 68%.T y t st c gu
nng a ln bunke cha.T bunke cha t st i xung my tip liu ri xung
my nghin l x, ti y t st c nghin nh ra.
Ra khi my nghin l x bt st c gu nng a ln sng rung, nhng ht c
kch thc >1mm cho quay tr li Bunke cha. Nhng ht c kch thc< 1mm i
xung bng ti ri c bng ti chuyn vo cc Bunke cha .
T h thng Bunke cha ny cc loi bt liu c tho ra thng qua xe cn,
khi lng ca tng loi bt liu c nh sn trong bi phi liu.
Sau khi nh lng cc loi c ht xong, bt liu trn xe cn c a n my
trn. Sau khi bt liu a vo my trn, th cho nc vo.
My trn lm vic theo m, mi m trn ko di khong 1215 pht, trong qu
trnh trn bt liu v nc c trn ln vi nhau bng cc cnh trn.
Ra khi my trn ta c phi liu c m 810%.
phi liu sau khi trn c gu nng a ln bng ti, ri t bng ti ny n c
a vo cc Bunke cha cung cp phi liu cho my p.
vo cc bunke cha. T cc bunke cha ny n cung cp phi liu cho my p .
My p ny c nhim v p ra nhng vin gch c kch thc nh sn.
Sau khi ra khi my p , nhng vin mc ny(gch d p) c xp ln gong, sau
n c a vo l sy.

N TT NGHIP
L sy ny hot ng theo nguyn tc ngc chiu, mc v tc nhn sy(kh nng)
i ngc chiu nhau.
Thi gian sy 8h. Nhit tc nhn sy :170200
o
C.
Ra khi l sy sn phm mc c nhit 90 120
o
C, m t c 1 2 % .
Sau khi sy xong sn phm c a vo l nung tuynel v nung trong 60 gi
nhit cao nht 1380
o
C.Sau khi nung song sn phm ra l c phn loi kim tra
cht lng.Nhng sn phm t yu cu em ng bao v nhp kho .Cn ph phm
cho quay tr li kho nguyn liu.

N TT NGHIP
CHNG 3 : TNH TON K THUT
I. TNH TON PHI LIU
1. i vi sn phm samotA
Theo nh chng II, nguyn liu chnh l sn samt Tn mi loi 1 v t st
Vnh Phc, chn 80% sn samt v 10% t st v 10% cao lanh.
Sau khi qui i v 100% theo cng thc : X
i
= % 100 .
X
i
Trong X
i
l cu t th i trc quy i
X
i
l cu t th i sau quy i
Ta c bng sau:
Nguyn
liu
Thnh phn ha sau khi quy i v 100%
Al
2
O
3
SiO
2
Fe
2
O
3
R
2
O RO CK MKN

Sn samt
Tn mi
loi 1
40,86 52,02 0,79 0,82 1,87 3,62 0,02 100%
t st
Vnh phc
24,22 59,83 2,00 1,23 2,02 1,58 9,12 100%
Caolanh
nh
trung-VP
34,83 48,98 1,50 1,52 - 0,63 12,54 100%
T : Tnh thnh phn ho ca nguyn liu sau nung theo cng thc:

N TT NGHIP
X
i
=
% 100 .
MKN 100
' X
i
Trong : X
i
cu t th i sau nung.
Nguyn
liu
Thnh phn ha sau khi quy i v 100%
Al
2
O
3
SiO
2
Fe
2
O
3
R
2
O RO CK MKN

Sn samt
Tn mi
loi 1
40,87 52,03 0,79 0,82 1,87 3,62 - 100%
t st
Vnh phc
26,65 65,84 2,20 1,35 2,22 1,74 - 100%
Caolanh
T
39,37 56,50 1,70 1,72 - 0,71 - 100%
Th li thnh phn ha.
+ Sn samt tn mi cung cp:
% Al
2
O
3
=
% 696 , 32 80
100
87 , 40

% SiO
2
=
% 624 , 41 80
100
03 , 52
x
% Fe
2
O
3
=
% 632 , 0 80
100
79 , 0
x
% R
2
O =
% 656 , 0 80
100
82 , 0
x
%RO=
% 496 , 1 80
100
87 , 1
x
%CK=
% 896 , 2 80
100
62 , 3
x
+ t st cung cp:

N TT NGHIP
% Al
2
O
3
=
% 665 , 2 10
100
65 , 26
x
% SiO
2
=
% 584 , 6 10
100
84 , 65
x
% Fe
2
O
3
=
% 220 , 0 10
100
20 , 2
x
% R
2
O =
% 135 , 0 10
100
35 , 1
x
%RO=
% 222 , 0 10
100
22 , 2
x
%CK=
% 174 , 0 10
100
74 , 1
x
+ Cao lanh cung cp:
% Al
2
O
3
=
100
10 37 , 39
= 3,937%
% SiO
2
=
100
10 . 50 , 56
= 5,650%
% Fe
2
O
3
=
100
10 . 70 , 1
=0,170%
% R
2
O =
100
10 . 72 , 1
= 0,172%
%CK=
% 071 , 0 10
100
71 , 0
x
Bng thnh phn cc xyt trong thnh phm trong sn xut samot A:
Tn ccnguyn
liu
Cc xyt
Al
2
O
3
(%)
SiO
2
(%)
Fe
2
O
3
(%)
R
2
O (%) RO (%) CK
(%)
Sn samt 32,696 41,624 0,632 0,656 1,496 2,896
Cao lanh 3,937 5,650 0,170 0,172 - 0,071
t st 2,665 6,584 0,220 0,135 0,222 0,174
Tng 39,298 53,858 1,022 0,963 1,718 3,141

Nhn xt:
%Al
2
O
3
= 39,298% tho mn iu kin >37% v <45% ca sn
phm samot A.

N TT NGHIP
%Fe
2
O
3
= 1,022% . tho mn iu kin %Fe
2
O
3
< 2,5%.
%R
2
O = 0,963% tha mn iu kin %R
2
O< 1,5%
Vy la chn nguyn liu nh trn l tho mn cc yu cu k thut i vi
gch samt A.
2. i vi sn phm samotB
Ta chn nguyn liu nh sau 80% samot vnh phc loi 2 , 10% cao lanh vnh phc
loi 2 v 10% t st chu la lm cht kt dnh.
Ta c bng sau:
Al
2
O
3
SiO
2
Fe
2
O
3
R
2
O RO CK MKN

Samot vnh phc
2
33,8
8
58,7
5
1,44 1,03 2,30 2,60 - 100%
Cao lanh vnh
phc 2 31,94 55,38 1,36 0,97 2,17 2,45 5,41 99,68%
t st Vnh
phc
24,22 59,83 2,00 1,23 2,02 1,58 9,12 100%
T : Tnh thnh phn ho ca nguyn liu sau nung theo cng thc:
X
i
=
% 100 .
MKN 100
' X
i
Trong : X
i
cu t th i sau nung.
Al
2
O
3
SiO
2
Fe
2
O
3
R
2
O RO CK MKN

Samot Vnh phc 2
33,8
8
58,75 1,44 1,03 2,30 2,60 - 100%
Cao lanh vnhphc2
33,8 58,75 1,43 1,03 2,30 2,60 - 100%

N TT NGHIP
9
t st Vnh phc
26,65 65,84 2,20 1,35 2,22 1,74 - 100%
Th li thnh phn ha:
+ Samot vnh phc 2 cung cp :
% Al
2
O
3
=
% 10 , 27 80
100
88 , 33
x
% SiO
2
=
% 47 80
100
75 , 58
x
% Fe
2
O
3
=
% 15 , 1 80
100
44 , 1
x
% R
2
O =
% 82 , 0 80
100
03 , 1
x
% RO =
% 84 , 1 80
100
3 , 2
x
%CK=
% 08 , 2 80
100
60 , 2
x
+ Cao lanh vnh phc 2 cung cp :
% Al
2
O
3
=
% 39 , 3 10
100
89 , 33
x
% SiO
2
=
% 88 , 5 10
100
75 , 58
x
% Fe
2
O
3
=
% 14 , 0 10
100
43 , 1
x
% R
2
O =
% 1 , 0 10
100
03 , 1
x
%RO=
% 23 , 0 10
100
3 , 2
x
%CK=
% 26 , 0 10
100
6 , 2
x
+ t st cung cp :
% Al
2
O
3
=
% 67 , 2 10
100
65 , 26
x

N TT NGHIP
% SiO
2
=
% 58 , 6 10
100
65,84
x
% Fe
2
O
3
=
% 22 , 0 10
100
2,20
x
% R
2
O =
% 14 , 0 10
100
1,35
x
%RO=
% 22 , 0 10
100
2,22
x
%CK=
% 17 , 0 0
100
74 , 1
x
Bng thnh phn cc xyt trong thnh phm trong sn
xut samot B:
Tn nguyn liu

Cc oxit
Al
2
O
3
(%)
SiO
2
(%)
Fe
2
O
3
(%)
R
2
O (%) RO (%) CK
(%)
San samot
vnhphc
27,10 47,00 1,15 0,82 1,84 2,08
Cao lanh vnh
phc2
3,39 5,88 0,14 0,1 0,23 0,26
t st vnh
phc
2,67 6,58 0,22 0,14 0,22 0,17
Tng 33,16 59,46 1,52 1,06 2,29 2,51
Nhn xt:
%Al
2
O
3
=33,16% tha mn iu kin ca sn phm samot B
Fe
2
O
3
= 1,52% tha mn iu kin % Fe
2
O
3
< 2,5%
%R
2
O = 1,06% tha mn iu kin % R
2
O <1,5%
Vy la chn nguyn liu trn l tha mn cc yu cu k thut i vi sn phm
samot B.
II. TNH CN BNG VT CHT
Cc s liu :

N TT NGHIP
- T l phi liu i vi sn phm samot A :Samot/caolanh/t st =
80/10/10
- T l phi liu i vi sn phm samot B : Samot/cao lanh/t st =
80/10/10
- Ph phm kho : 0,2%
- Ph phm khi nung : 2%
- m gch mc vo sy : 7%
- m gch mc sau sy : 2%
- m gch p : 8%
- Tn tht khi to hnh : 1%
- Tn tht khi phi liu : 0,2%
- Tn tht khi trn phi liu : 0,2%
- Tn tht trong qu trnh cn ong : 0,1%
- Tn tht khi nghin mn SM : 0,7%
- Tn tht khi p nh SM : 0,2%
- Tn tht trong qu trnh vn chuyn
v cng on khc : 0,2%
- m sn : 2%
- m t st: : 4%
- m cao lanh nh Trung : 4%
- Hon tn tht khi p vo khu trn PL : 90%
- Hon tn tht khi sy vo trn : 90%
- MKN ca phi liu : 2%
Tnh ton (sn phm samot A :10.000 tn v sn phm samot B :15000 tn)
1. Lng sn phm c trong kho G
kA
(T/n) i vi sn phm samot A v
G
kB
(t/n) i vi sn phm samot B
Khi vn chuyn, bc xp vo kho bao gi cng c mt s ph phm (0,2%).
Do vy sn phm cha trong kho l:
G
kA
=
2 , 0 100
100 . 10000
= 10020,04 (T/n)

N TT NGHIP
G
kB
=
2 , 0 100
100 . 15000
= 15030,06 (T/n)
Sn phm sau khi ra l nung lun c ph phm. Nu chn ph phm
2% th sn phm ra l l:
G
RA
=
2 100
100 . 04 , 10020
= 10224,53 (T/n)
G
RB

2 100
100 . 06 , 15030
= 15336,80 (T/n)
Gch mc vo l nung c m bng 2% v MKN 2% . Do vy
lng gch mc thc t vo l:
G
VA
=
) 2 100 )( 2 100 (
100 . 100 . 10224,53

= 10646,12(T/n)
G
vB
=
15336, 80 100 100
(100 2)(100 2)

= 15969,18 (T/n)
2. Lng gch cn a vo l sy
Gch mc sau to hnh c m bng 7%. Nu tnh c ph phm khi sy
2% th lng gch mc a vo l sy l:
G
2A
=
) 2 100 )( 7 100 (
100 . 100 . 12 , 10646

= 11681,06 (T/n)
G
2B
=
) 2 100 )( 7 100 (
100 . 100 . 18 , 15969

= 17521,60 (T/n)
3. Lng hi liu khi sy vo khu trn phi liu:
G
3A
= (11681,06 10646,12) . 0,9 = 931,44 (T/n)
G
3B
= (17521,60 15969,18 )
0,9 =1397,18 (T/n)

4. Lng phi liu cn p:
Khi p to hnh sn phm c tn tht 1%. Nn lng phi liu cn p l:

N TT NGHIP
G
4A
=
1 100
100 . 06 , 11681
= 11799,05(T/n)
G
4B
=
1 100
100 . 60 , 17521
= 17698,59 (T/n)
5. Lng hi liu khi to hnh vo khu trn phi liu:
Vi hon tn tht khi p vo khu trn phi liu l 90%, th lng hi liu khi
to hnh vo khu trn phi liu l:
G
5A
= (11799,05- 11681,06) . 0,9 = 106,19(T/n)
G
5B
=( 17698,59 -17521,60).0,9 = 159,29 (T/n)
6. Lng phi liu cn trn:
Trong qu trnh trn c tn tht 0,2%. Nn lng phi liu cn trn l:
G
6A
=
2 , 0 100
100 . 05 , 11799
= 11822,7 (T/n)
G
6B
==
2 , 0 100
100 59 , 17698
= 17734,04 (T/n)
7. Lng phi liu em trn chuyn v dng kh tuyt i
V m phi liu 8%. Nn lng phi liu dng kh l:
G
7A
=
100
) 8 100 .( 70 , 11822
= 10876,88 (T/n)
G
7B
=
100
) 8 100 ( 04 , 17734
=16315,32 (T/n)
8. Tng lng nc c trong phi liu:
G
Na
= (11822,7 - 10876,88) = 945,82(T/n)
G
Nb
=(17734,04-16315,32 )=1418,72 (T/n)
9. Lng nc do hi liu khi sy v to hhn mang vo phi liu:
Sau khi sy gch mc c m bng 2% m lng hi liu khi sy l G
3
.
Do lng nc do hi liu khi sy l:

N TT NGHIP
G
sA
= 931,44 -
100
) 2 100 .( 931,44
= 18,63 (T/n)
G
sB
= 1397,18 -
100
) 2 100 .( 1397,18
= 27,94 (T/n)
Phi liu to hnh c m bng 8%, lng hi liu khi to hnh l G
5
. Do
vy lng nc do hi liu khi to hnh l:
G
TA
= 106,19 -
100
) 8 100 .( 106,19
= 8,49(T/n)
G
TB
= 159,29 -
100
) 8 100 .( 159,29
= 12,74(T/n)
Do vy tng lng nc do hi liu khi sy v to hnh vo phi liu:
G
9A
= G
SA
+ G
TA
= 18,63 + 8,49= 27,12 (T/n)
G
9B
= G
SB
+ G
TB
= 27,94 + 12,74= 40,68 (T/n)
10. Hm lng Samot c trong phi liu:
G
10A
=
100
100
) 8 100 .( 19 , 106
100
) 2 100 .( 44 , 931
10876,88
. 80
=7893,10(T/n)
G
10B
=
100
100
) 8 100 .( 159,29
100
) 2 100 .( 1397,18
16315,32
. 80
=11839,63(T/n)
11. Hm lng cao lanh c trong phi liu:
G
11A
=
100
100
) 8 100 ( 19 , 106
100
) 2 100 ( 44 , 931
88 , 10876
. 10
= 986,64 (T/n)
G
11B
=
100
100
) 8 100 .( 159,29
100
) 2 100 .( 1397,18
16315,32
. 10
=1479,95(T/n)
12. Hm lng t st c trong phi liu :

N TT NGHIP
G
12A
=
100
100
) 8 100 .( 19 , 106
100
) 2 100 .( 44 , 931
10876,88
. 10
=986,64 (T/n)
G
12B
=
100
100
) 8 100 .( 159,29
100
) 2 100 .( 1397,18
16315,32
10
=1479,95(T/n)
13. Lng nc do samot mang vo phi liu:
Do sn c m bng 2%:
G
13A
=
7893,1
2 100
100 . 1 , 893 7
= 161,08 (T/n)
G
13B
=
11839,63
2 100
100 . 11839,63
= 241,63 (T/n)
14. Lng nc do cao lanh mang vo phi liu:
Do bt cao lanh c m bng 4%:
G
14A
=
986,64
4 100
100 . 986,64
= 41,11 (T/n)
G
14B
=
1479,95
4 100
100 . 1479,95
= 61,66 (T/n)
15. Lng nc do t st mang vo phi liu:
Do dat set c m bng 4%:
G
15A
=
986,64
4 100
100 . 986,64
= 41,11 (T/n)
G
15B
=
1479,95
4 100
100 . 1479,95
= 61,66 (T/n)
16. Lng nc cn a vo phi liu l:
G
16A
= G
8A
- (G
9A
+ G
13A
+ G
14A
+ G
15A
)= 945,82- (27,12 + 161,08 + 41,11 +
41,11) = 716,50 (T/n)
G
16B
= G
8B
- (G
9B
+ G
13b1
+ G
13B2
+ G
15B
)= 1418,72-(40,68+241,63 +61,66
+61,66 ) = 1013,09 (T/n)

N TT NGHIP
17. Lng samot khi cn ong trn phi liu.
Do m samt 2%, v do tn tht khi cn ong 0.1% nn lng sn thc t cn
l:
G
17A
=
) 1 , 0 100 )( 2 100 (
100 . 100 . 7893,10

= 8062,25 (T/n)
G
17B
=
) 1 , 0 100 )( 2 100 (
100 . 100 . 11839,63

= 12093,36 (T/n)
18. Lng samot em nghin sng
Do tn tht khi nghin sng l 0,7% nn lng samot thc t em nghin l :
G
18A
=
7 , 0 100
100 . 8062,25
= 8119,07 (T/n)
G
18B =
7 , 0 100
100 . 12093,36
= 12178,61 (T/n)
19. Lng samot em p nh:
Do tn tht khi nghin sng l 0,2% nn lng samot thc t em p l :
G
19A
=
2 , 0 100
100 . 8119,07
= 8135,34 (T/n)
G
19B1
=
2 , 0 100
100 . 12093,36
= 12203,01 (T/n)
20. Tinh c tn tht khi vn chuyn v cc cng on khc th lng
samot cn l:
G
20A
=
2 , 0 100
100 . 8135,34
= 8151,64 (T/n)
G
20B
=
2 , 0 100
100 . 12203,01
= 12227,47 (T/n)
21. Lng cao lanh khi cn ong:
Do m cao lanh la 4% v tn tht khi cn ong l 0,1% nn lng cao lanh
thc t l:

N TT NGHIP
G
21A
=
) 1 , 0 100 )( 4 100 (
100 . 100 . 986,64

= 1028,78 (T/n)
G
21B
=
) 1 , 0 100 )( 4 100 (
100 . 100 . 1479,95

= 1543,16 (T/n)
22. Tnh c tn tht khi vn chuyn v cc cng on khc th lng cao
lanh cn l:
G
22A
=
2 , 0 100
100 . 1028,78
= 1030,84 (T/n)
G
22B
=
2 , 0 100
100 . 1543,16
= 1546,26 (T/n)
23. Lng t st em cn ong v trn phi liu l:
G
23A
=
) 1 , 0 100 )( 4 100 (
100 . 100 . 986,64

= 1028,78 (t/N)
G
23B
=
) 1 , 0 100 )( 4 100 (
100 . 100 . 1479,95

= 1543,16 (T/n)
24. Tnh c tn tht khi vn chuyn v cc cng on khc th lng t
st cn l:
G
24A
=
2 , 0 100
100 . 1028,78
= 1030,84 (T/n)
G
24B
=
2 , 0 100
100 . 1543,16
= 1546,26 (T/n)
Bng cn bng vt cht cho sn phm samot A:
Cng on sn
xut
Dng
nguyn
liu
Nng sut
(T/n)
Nng sut
(T/ngy)
Nng sut
(T/gi)
Nng
sut
(T/ca)
Kho samot Cc 8151,64 23,29 0,97 7,76
Khu p Cc 8135,34 23,24 0,968 7,75
Nghin, sng Ht 8119,07 23,20 0,966 7,73

N TT NGHIP
Cn ong Bt 8062,25 23,035 0,96 7,678
Trn phi liu Bt 11822,7 33,779 1,407 11,260
Kho cao lanh cc 1030,84 2,95 0,123 0,982
Cn ong Bt 1028,78 2,939 0,122 0,980
Kho t st Cc 1030,84 2,95 0,123 0,982
Cn ong Bt 1028,78 2,939 0,122 0,980
To hnh Bt 11799,05 33,71 1,405 11,24
Sy Gch mc 11681,06 33,374 1,39 11,124
Nung Gch mc 10646,12 30,417 1,267 10,139
Ra l Gch 10224,53 29,213 1,217 9,737
Kho sn phm Gch 10020,04 28,629 1,193 9,543

N TT NGHIP
Bng cn bng vt cht cho sn phm samot B:
Cng on sn
xut
Dng
nguyn
liu
Nng sut
(T/n)
Nng sut
(T/ngy)
Nng sut
(T/gi)
Nng
sut
(T/ca)
Kho samot Cc
12227,47 34,936
1,456 11,645
Khu p Cc
12203,01 34,866
1,453 11,622
Nghin, sng Ht
12178,61 34,796
1,450 11,599
Cn ong Bt
12093,36 34,552
1,440 11,517
Trn phi liu Bt
17734,04 50,669
2,111 16,890
Kho cao lanh cc
1546,26 4,418
0,184 1,473
Cn ong Bt
1543,16 4,409
0,183 1,470
Kho t st Cc
1546,26 4,418
0,184 1,473
Cn ong Bt
1543,16 4,409
0,183 1,470
To hnh Bt
17698,57 50,567
2,107 16,856
Sy Gch mc
17521,59 50,062
2,086 16,687
Nung Gch mc
15969,18 45,626
1,901 15,209
Ra l Gch
15336,80 43,819
1,826 14.,606
Kho sn phm Gch
15030,06 42,943
1,789 14,314

N TT NGHIP
III TNH V LA CHN THIT B TON B DY CHUYN SN XUT
NH MY
My mc, thit b ca nh my c la chn da theo dy chuyn cng
ngh sn xut nng sut thit b ca tng cng on sn xut v qu trnh hot ng
ca thit b khi sn xut.
1. Chn my p hm
- Loi CM21A.
- Nng sut 6 T/h
- Cng sut ng c: N = 11 kw
- S vng quay rto n = 1250 v/pht
- Kch thc ht vt liu ra 1030mm
- Ngy lm vic 2 ca (16 ting)
2. My nghin ln
- Loi CM 21A: Bnh xe bng hoa cng, a quay
- Nng sut 3 5 T/h
- Cng sut N = 14 kW
- ng knh bnh xe 1200mm
- Chiu rng bnh xe 350 mm
- S vng quay: 27 v/pht
Dng nghin sn samt ti c ht < 3mm. Tu theo kch thc khe ghi.
Sn phm tho ra qua cc vng ghi ng tm bn ra a ri c gu nng a ln
sng rung.
3. Sng rung qun tnh
- Loi C 212
- Kch thec sng 420 x 900 mm
- Nng sut: 6 T/h
- S sng: 2 sng :
+1 sng 2 lp : dng sng samt. kch thc l : 0.11.5mm
v 1.53mm.

N TT NGHIP
+1 sng1lp :dng sng t st. Kch thc l : <0.1mm.
- Gc nghing sng: 25
0
- S ln dao ng trong 1 pht: 1450 (ln/pht)
- Cng sut ng c: 1KW
- Kch thc ton b (mm)
Chiu di 965 mm
Chiu rng 800mm
Chiu cao 975 mm
- Trng lng khng k ng c: 2395 kg.
- Tng trng lng 2600 kg
Sng rung c nhim v phn loi sn samt ra 2 loi c ht : 0.11.5mm v
1.53mm.
4 My nghin bi
- Chn my nghin bi M24 40
- Nng sut 1,3 1,6 T/h
- Cng sut ng c: 40KW
- Tn s dao ng trong 1 pht: 2920 vng/pht
- Trng lng bi n (kg): 480 kg
- Kch thc ton b
Chiu di: 3780 mm
Chiu rng: 900mm
Chiu cao: 1590mm
- S lng: 1 my
- S vng quay : 33 35v/p.
my nghin bi c tc dng nghin mn sn samt n c ht < 0,1mm

N TT NGHIP
5. Gu nng
C tc dng vn chuyn lin tc vt liu theo phng thng ng.
- Nc sn sut : CHLB c
- S lng : 4 chic
- H s y : 0,7 0,8
- Chiu cao nng max : 40 m
- Dung tch gu : 3,6 lt
- Chiu rng gu : 250 mm
- Bc gu : 300 mm
- Cng sut ng c : 2,5 kw
- Tc di chuyn : 1,6 2 m/s
- Nng sut : 3 5 t/h
Kch thc gu : L.H.B = 1100.1470.2400 ((mm)
6. My thi t st
Tc quay : 31 v/p.
Cng sut :10 kW
Nng sut my : 5 T/h.
ng knh bn dao : 1500mm.
S dao ct : 36 con, gm 9 hng , 1 hng : 4 dao .
7. My sy thng quay
Tc quay : 3.3 v/p.
S lng : 1 chic.
Cng sut ng c : 4KW.
Nng sut : 5 T/h.
Kch thc : 8000x 900x 2000mm.
nghing : 68
o
.
8. My nghin l x

N TT NGHIP
Cng sut ng c : 17KW.
Tc quay ca lng : 1460 v/p.
Nng sut : 5 T/h.
S lng : 2 chic : 1 chic hot ng , 1 chic d phng .
ng knh :
+ lng to : 820mm. trng lng : 600kg.
+ Lng nh : 710mm. Trng lng : 550kg.
Nguyn l : hai lng chy ngc chiu nhau .
9. My p ma st
+ Loi 700 tn
S lng 2 chic
p lc p : p = 700 tn
Hnh trnh dp : 10 ln / pht.
Kch thc bn my : 690x690.
ng c truyn ng : 55KW 980v/p.
Trng lng my : 25500kg.
Kch thc my : 2800x3000x5400mm.
Tng cng suy my: 60 KW
Kch thc l khun ln nht: 400 x 400 mm
Nng sut : 4T/ h.
+ Loi 200 tn
S lng 2 chic
p lc p : p = 200 tn
Hnh trnh dp : 6 ln / pht.
Kch thc bn my : 1500x1500x3000mm
ng c truyn ng : 22KW 1000v/p.
Trng lng my : 20000kg

N TT NGHIP
Nng sut : 1.1T/ h.

10. My p thu lc
- S lng 1 ci
- My p loi 1000 tn
My p ny ca hng LAEISCHER cng ho lin bang c. Loi my ny
c y cc tnh nng t ng sn xut m bo vin gch mc c mt
ng u cao, chnh xc v kch thc.
- Cc thng s k thut
p lc p: p = 1000 tn
Tng cng suy my: 85 KW
Trng lng my: 43 tn
S ln p: 7 ln/pht
Kch thc l khun ln nht: 700 x 400 mm
Chiu dy y hu ch: 500 mm
11. My trn phi liu
S lng : 2 ci
Loi my HZW 500
My ca hng LAEISCHER cng ho Lin bang c
- Cc thng s k thut:
Khi lng 1 ln trn: 800 kg
Cng sut in ca mt trn: 15 kW
Trng lng my khi khng c b phn chuyn ng 340 kg
Cng sut ng c in: 15/22 kw
Tc ca b phn chuyn ng 80/600 vng/pht
12. My tip liu lc
- Loi CM 179A
- Cc thng s k thut
ng knh a: 750mm
S lng :

N TT NGHIP
S vng quay ca a: 49 vng/pht
Nng sut: 3 (m
3
/h)
Cng sut ng c in: 0,6 kw
S vng quay ca ng c in: 1410 V/pht
Kch thc ton b:
Chiu di: 1130mm
Chiu rng: 770 mm
Chiu cao: 837 972 mm
Trng lng (kg): 236 kg
- S lng: 6 chic
13 . Tip liu bng ti
- Loi AO 93 4
- Cng sut 7,5 kW
- Tc quay: 1470 v/pht
- in th: 380 V
- Tc bng: 306m/giy
- Nng sut: 600 m
3
/h
14. Xe cn thng di ng
Hng sn xut : LAEIS BUSCHER
Nc sn xut : Cng ho lin bang c
Nm sn xut : 1999
+ c tnh k thut thit b :
Ti trng ln nht : 1600 kg
Phm vi cn : 100 1500 Kg
Vt liu cn : Cc nguyn liu gia cng
T trng ri : 0,8 1,5 Kg/dm
3
Dung tch thng cn : 1000 (l)
Nhit vn hnh : -5 n 45
0
C
Tc di chuyn : 32 m/ph v 8 m/ph
Ngun in :3 pha 50 Hz, 400 V

N TT NGHIP
Cng sut kt ni : 2 KW
Mc bo v ng c : Ip 54, ng c 44 kw
p sut kh : 5 6 bar
Yu cu kh nn : ~ 1000 lt p sut 6 bar
Trng lng tnh : ~ 1800 kg
V tr lp t : tng 4 nh gia cng nguyn
liu
Nguyn l lm vic :
H thng lm vic t ng hon ton theo mt chng trnh c ci t
sn, vit bng ngn ng Pascal v c lu trong b nh EFPROM
Cc d liu cn thit c thu thp qua cc b cm bin in t, b o di
chuyn, cc cm bin lc.
15. Chn bunke cha
Bunke dng cha sn cho my nghin bi : 1chic.
Bunke cha sn samt c ht 1,5 3mm : 2 chic .
Bunke cha sn samt c ht < 0,1 1.5 mm : 2 chic .
Bunke cha sn samt sau my nghin bi c ht < 0,1mm : 1 chic
Bunke cao lanh mn (c ht < 1mm) : 2 chic.
Bunke cha phi liu to hnh : 6 chic.
Bunke cha samt cho my nghin ln : 1 chic .
Bunke cha samt cho my nghin l x : 1 chic .
Sc cha cc Bun ke ny : 8m
3
.

N TT NGHIP
IV. TNH TON NHIT K THUT
1. Tnh ton qu trnh chy nhin liu.
Nhin liu dng cho qu trnh nung l FO mc 100 c thnh phn nh sau:
Thnh phn C H S N O A W
% 87,6 10,5 0,9 0,50 0,50 0,3 4,0
T cc s liu trn ta tnh cc thng s lm vic:
- tr ca nhin liu :
A
lv
=
100
100 W
A

=0,3
100
4 100
= 0,288%
- Cc thnh phn khc :
C
lv
=
100
100
lv
A W
C

=
100
288 , 0 4 100
6 , 87

= 83,844%
N
lv
= N
100
100
lv
A W
=
100
288 , 0 4 100
5 , 0

= 0,479%
O
lv
= O
100
100
lv
A W
=
100
288 , 0 4 100
5 , 0

= 0,479%
H
lv
= H
100
100
lv
A W
=
100
288 , 0 4 100
5 , 10

=10,05%
S
lv
= S
100
100
lv
A W
=
100
288 , 0 4 100
9 , 0

=0,860%
1.1. Tnh ton nhit tr ca nhin liu:
Nhit tr ca nhin liu c xc nh thng qua cng thc ca
Mendeleep : Q
lv
H
= 81.C
lv
+ 246. H
lv
- 26(O
lv
S
lv
) - 6.W
lv
(kcal/kg) (I-
293).
Trong :C
lv
, H
lv
, O
lv
, S
lv
, N
lv
, W
lv
l cc thnh phn ca nhin liu trng thi lm
vic (% trng lng ).
Thay s:
Q
lv
H
= 81.83,844+ 246.10,05 - 26(0,479 - 0,86) - 6 . 4,0 = 9249,57(kcal/kg)
1.2.Tnh lng khng kh cn cho qu trnh chy.

N TT NGHIP
Lng khng kh cn cho qu trnh chy c xc nh bng phng php
bng sau:

Bng qu trnh chy ( Tnh cho 100 kg nhin liu )
1.3. Lng khng kh l thuyt cn cho qu trnh chy
4 L
0
=
) / ( 015 , 10
100 . 21 , 0
4 , 22 . 512 , 9
100
1
21 , 0
4 , 22 .
3 2
kg Nm
KmolO

.
5
6 1.4. Lng khng kh thc t cn cho qu trnh chy : L
7 * i vi Zon nung: ta xc nh lng khng kh thc t cn cho phn ng

chy:
H s khng kh d ly bng 1,15
- Do vy lng khng kh kh thc t cn l:
L() = .L
0
Thay s
L
= 1,15 . 10,015 = 11,517 (Nm

3
/ kg)
- Lng khng kh m thc t cn l: L
= (1 + 0,0016 . d) . L

= 11,812(Nm
3
/ kg)
Trong d l hm m = 16g/kg kkk (kkk = khng kh kh)

Cht Kg Kmol Phn ng chy
Kmol
O
2
Kmol
CO
2
Kmol
SO
2
Kmol
H
2
O
Kmol
N
2
C
lv
83,844 6,987
C + O
2
CO
2
6,987 6,987 - - -
H
lv
10,050 5,025
H
2
+ 1/2O
2

H
2
O
2,513 - - 5,025 -
S
lv
0,860 0,027
S + O
2
SO
2
0,027 - 0,027 - -
O
lv
0,479 0,015 -0,015 - - - -
N
lv
0,479 0,017 - - - - 0,017
A
lv
0,288 - - - - - -
W
lv
4,0 0,222 - - - 0,222 -
100 9,512 6,987 0,027 5,247 0,017

N TT NGHIP
Vy lng H
2
O do khng kh m mang vo l:
L
- L
= 0,0016 . d . L
= 0,0016 . 16 . 11,517= 0,295 (Nm

3
/ kg)
- Th tch sn phm chy:
V
CO2
=
100
4 , 22 . KmolCO
2
=
100
4 , 22 . 987 , 6
= 1,565 (Nm
3
/ kg)
V
H2O
=
) (
100
4 , 22 .
2
2
O H
O KmolH
+
do khng kh m mang vo

470 , 1 295 , 0
100
4 , 22 247 , 5
+
(Nm
3
/ kg)
V
SO2
=
100
4 , 22 .
2
KmolSO
(Nm
3
/ kg)
=
100
4 , 22 027 , 0
= 0,006 (Nm
3
/ kg)
V
N2
= 0,79 . L
+
100
4 , 22 .
2
KmolN
= 0,79 . 11,517 +
102 , 9
100
4 , 22 . 017 , 0
(Nm
3
/ kg)
V
O2
= 0,21 . ( - 1) . L
0
= 0,21.(1,15 - 1 ) . 10,015= 0,315 (Nm
3
/ kg)
Tng th tich sn phm chy V
= V
CO2
+ V
H2O
+ V
SO2
+ V
N2
+ V
O2
= 12,458(Nm
3
/ kg)
Thnh phn phn trm cc kh:
% 56 , 12 100 .
458 , 12
565 , 1
%
2
CO
% 80 , 11 100 .
458 , 12
470 , 1
%
2
O H
%SO
2
% 05 , 0 100
458 , 12
006 , 0

% 06 , 73 100 .
458 , 12
102 , 9
%
2
N
%O
2
= 100% - (12,56% + 11,80% +0,05%+ 73,06%) = 2,53%
Bng thnh phn phn trm cc kh chy ng vi = 1,15:

N TT NGHIP
Tn kh CO
2
H
2
O N
2
O
2
SO
2
Tng
Th tch
(Nm
3
/ m
3
kh than)
1,565 1,470 9,102 0,315 0,006 12,458
% 12,56 11,80 73,06 2,53 0,05 100

* i vi khi l:
H s khng kh d chn : = 1,7
Do vy lng khng kh kh thc t
L
= . L
0
= 1,7. 10,015= 17,026 (Nm
3
/ kg)
Lng H
2
O

do khng kh m mang vo:
H
2
O
kkm
= 0,0016 . 16 . 17,026 = 0,436 (Nm
3
/ kg)
Th tch cc kh:
V
CO2
=
100
4 , 22 . KmolCO
2
=
100
4 , 22 . 987 , 6
= 1,565 (Nm
3
/ kg)
V
H2O
=
) (
100
4 , 22 .
2
2
O H
O KmolH
+
do khng kh m mang vo

611 , 1 436 , 0
100
4 , 22 247 , 5
+
(Nm
3
/ kg)
V
SO2
=
100
4 , 22 .
2
KmolSO
(Nm
3
/ kg)
=
100
4 , 22 027 , 0
= 0,006 (Nm
3
/ kg)
V
N2
= 0,79 . L
+
100
4 , 22 .
2
KmolN
= 0,79 . 17,026 +
454 , 13
100
4 , 22 . 017 , 0
(Nm
3
/ kg)
V
O2
= 0,21 . ( - 1) . L
0
= 0,21.(1,7- 1 ) . 10,015= 1,472 (Nm
3
/ kg)
Tng th tch sn phm kh:
V
= V
CO2
+ V
H2O
+ V
N2
+ V
O2
= 18,108 (Nm
3
/ kg)
Thnh phn phn trm cc kh

N TT NGHIP
% 64 , 8 100 .
18,108
565 , 1
%
2
CO
% 03 , 0 100 .
18,108
006 , 0
%
2
SO
% 70 , 8 100 .
18,108
611 , 1
%
2
O H
% 30 , 74 100
18,108
454 , 13
%
2
N
%O
2
= 100% - (
% 64 , 8
+
% 03 , 0
+
% 70 , 8
+
% 30 , 74
)=8,33 %
Bng thnh phn phn trm cc kh chy ng vi = 1,7:
Tn kh CO
2
H
2
O N
2
O
2
SO
2
Tng
Th tch
(Nm
3
/ m
3
kh than)
1,565 1,611 13,454 1,472 0,006 18,108
% 8,64 8,70 74,30 8,33 0,03 100
1.5. Tnh nhit t nng s b khng kh cho qu trnh chy.
* Nhit calo ca nhin liu tc l nhit t c trong iu kin chy
hon ton v tt c nhit sinh, nhit do nhin liu v khng kh mang vo ch dng
t nng sn phm chy.
Theo ti liu (1-302) th nhit calo t
c
xc nh:
t
c
=
n
t
(
0
C)
Trong : t
n
nhit nung sn phm (1380
0
C)
:h s pirmt, vi l lin tc t 0,7 0,8, chn =
0,767(L slc1-174)
t
c
=
767 , 0
1380
=1800
0
C
8 * Hm nhit ca sn phm chng Q
c
ng vi t
c
:
Q
c
= V
c
. C
c
. t
c
= (kcal/kg) (TL1 -302)
Trong : V
c
- Th tch sn phm chy ng vi = 1,15

N TT NGHIP
(V
C
= 12,458 (Nm
3
/ kg)
t
c
nhit chy chy calo = 1800
0
C
C
c
l t nhit ca sn phm chy (kcal/m
3
)
Theo (TL1-363) th C
c
xc nh nh sau:
C
c
=
100
1
P
i
C
i
Vi P
i
l thnh phn kh i ca sn phm chy (%)
C
i
t nhit trung bnh kh i ca sn phm chy (Kcal/m
3
)
Tra bng N
0
33 (TL-1) ta c
Do vy :
C
c
=
100
1
(17,230,5744+8,990,4590+ 72,570,3511+ 1,11 0,3712)
C
c
= 0,3991 (Kcal/m
3
)
9 Q
c
= 12,4581800 0,3991 = 8949,578 (Kcal/ kg)
10
11 Do Q
c
< Q
H
nn khng cn t nng khng kh.
12

2. Tnh chn kch thc v nng sut l tuynel. Xc lp ng cong nung

t
0
C C
CO2
C
N2
C
O2
C
H2O
1800 0,5744 0,3511 0,3712 0,4590
N TT NGHIP
2.1. Sc cha ca l nung Tuynel
G
C
=
) m 100 .( L
100 . L . G
n
n
(Tn/l) (TL-1)
Trong :
- G
n

l nng sut l = 25000 T/nm
- L thi gian sn phm lu trong l chn TB = 60 h
- L
n
s gi lm vic ca l trong 1 nm (tr thi gian sa cha bo dng)
L
n
= 350 ngy x 24 h = 8400 h
- m ph phm nung chn = 2%
Do vy
G
C
=
22 , 182
) 2 100 .( 8400
100 . 60 . 25000
(Tn/l) (TL-1)
2.2.Tnh nng sut ngy m ca l nung:
G
n
=
89 , 72
60
24 22 , 182
55
24 .
c
G
(Tn/ngy m)
2.3. Tnh chn kch thc l:
2.3.1 Tnh th tch l V
c
V
C
=
g
G
C
(m
3
) (TL-1)
Trong :
G
c

sc cha ca l = 182,22 (T/l)
g mt xp ca sn phm (T/m
3
)
Chn g = 0,85 (T/m
3
) theo (TL 1- 309)
Do
V
C
=
38 , 214
85 , 0
22 , 182
(m
3
) (TL-1)
2.3.2 Xc nh chiu di v chiu rng ca l nung:
Chiu di l nung Tuynel c xc nh qua cng thc sau:
L
C
=
F
V
C
(m) (TL1_327)
Trong :
V
c

Th tch ca l = 214,38 (m
3
)

N TT NGHIP
F tit din ngang knh l (m
2
)
Chn gong di = 2,2 m
rng = 1,93 m
Bnh goong c ng knh :40 cm
Chiu dy thp : 1cm
Chiu cao xp sn phm : 1,,2 m
Theo (TL2-54) v gong cch tng 20 50 mm nn chn trung bnh 35
mm
Vy chiu rng knh l: R = 1,93 + 2 . 0,035 = 2,0 m
Chiu cao t mt gong n nh vm l :1,25 m
Chiu cao t mt ray n nh vm l :2,25m
Do : F =2,0 . 1,25 = 2,5 (m2)
chiu di ca l nung :
L
c
=
5 , 2
38 , 214
=86 (m)
Vt liu xp trn xe gong cch mi bn tng l 100mm (TL - 2)
Khong cch gia 2 khi xp trn 1 gong: 400 mm (TL - 2)
- Cch xp sn phm trn xe gong
Do c im ca l Tuynel l khi nng c chiu hng i ln pha trn,
cn c khe rng gia lp xp v vm l. Cho nn xp sn phm dy
pha trn v tha pha di. Kt hp to knh kh st nn gong v
dc theo l.
Sn phm trn xe gong c xp thnh hai khi, mi khi c b rng 70 (cm),
khong cch gia hai khi l 40(cm). Mi khi cch u xe gong 20(cm), chiu
cao ca khi xp 1,2(m), khi cch mp gong 5 (cm).

2
2
0
0
2
0
0
7
0
0
4
0
0
2
0
0
7
0
0
N TT NGHIP
2.4 Tnh s gong trong l
S gong trong l xc nh theo cng thc:
N =
g
C
L
L
(gong) (TL-1)
Vi L
g
l chiu di ca 1 gong (m)
N =
39
2 , 2
86
(gong)
2.5 Tnh sc cha ca 1 gong
Sc cha ca 1 gong xc nh theo cng thc:
G
g
=
67 , 4
39
22 , 182

N
G
C
(T/ gong) (TL-1)

2.6. Xy dng ng cong nung

N TT NGHIP
Da vo qu trnh ho l xy ra khi nung ta xy dng c ng cong nung theo
bng bin thin nhit di y:

Nhit ,
o
C
Thi gian,h
N TT NGHIP
Xc nh chiu di cc zn da vo ng cong nung:
Giai on Khong t
0
C
Thi
gian
t (h)
Chiu di
L
i
=
60
. 86
t
(m
)
Tng
chiu
di (m)
Tc
Nng,gim
nhit
(
0
C/h )
t nng
25400
9,5 13,6
33,7
39,5
400800
9 12,9 44,4
8001100
5 7,2 60
Nung
11001380
3,5 5
20
80
Lu 1380
10,5 15 0
Lm ngui
13801000
4 5,7
32,3
95
100075
18,5 26,6 50
Tng
60 86 86
2.7. Chn vm cong
Gc tm 74
0
=
Theo bng 4 - 10 - ti liu 8
Th t l f/S = 1/6 f = S/6 = 2000/6 = 333 mm
R/S = 0,83 R = S.0,83= 2000.0,83 = 1660 mm

S
R
f
N TT NGHIP
2.8. Cu to v cc thng s vt liu xy l, goong
2.8.1. i vi l
Cu to l
+ Zn tin nung v lm ngui :
Tng l gm 4 lp:
Gch Samt A chu la dy
1
= 0,230 m
Gch Samt nh cch nhit dy
2
= 0,115 m
Bng cch nhit dy
3
= 0,05 m
Lp gch dy
4
=0,220 m
Vm l gm 3 lp:
Gch Samt A chu la dy
1
= 0,230 m
2
= 0,115 m
Bng cch nhit dy
3
= 0,05 m
+ Zn nung:
Tng l :
Lp gch caoalumin chu la(50-55% Al
2
O
3
) dy
1
= 0,345 m
3
= 0,230 m
Bng cch nhit (si gm)
4
= 0,10 m
Lp gch dy
5
=0,220 m
Vm l c:
Lp gch caoalumin chu la(50-55% Al
2
O
3
) dy
1
= 0,230 m
3
= 0,115 m
Bng gm cch nhit (si gm)
4
= 0,1 m
2.8.2. i vi goong
Gong c cu to gm cc lp:
- Lp trn cng l khi gch cao alumin dy
1
= 0,230 m
- Lp gch cch nhit samt nh
2
= 0,230 m
- Lp th 3 l b tng chu la cch nhit dy
3
(m) = 0,10 m

N TT NGHIP
B tng chu la ny c to ra t xi mng alumin v ph gia gy l sn
samt caoalumin
Vic s dng b tng chu la c u im l gim thi gian xy gong v gi
thnh gim 50% so vi xy bng gch, m cng cao (100 300) kg/cm
2
(TL - 2)
- Lp thp dy
4
= 0,010 m
2.8.3.Mt vi nt c tnh ca vt liu s dng:
Gch Samt A:
- chu la
0
C 1730
0
C
- Sc co ph 1400
0
C khng

qu 0,7%
- Cng chu nn kG/cm
2

200
- t
0
bddtt
1400
0
C
Gch Caoalunim i t oxyt nhm k thut:
- Nhit bin dng di ti trng: 1600
0
C
-
n
:1500 2000 kG/cm
2
- Nhit ph hu 40% : 1800
0
C
. Gch Samt nh:
- xp 53 56%
- co ph 1400
0
C l: 0,5 1%
- chu la 1730
0
C
- Nhit s dng: 1150 1400
0
C
. Gch caoalumin nh:
- xp 59 60%
- co ph 1600
0
C khng ln hn: 1%
- chu la : khng nh hn 1830
0
C
- Nhit s dng: 1400 1600
0
C
B tng chu la:
- Trng lng th tch : 2300 kg/m
3
- H s dn nhit : 0,79 Kcal/m.h.

N TT NGHIP
- chu la : >1800
0
C
2.8.4. Mt s thng s vt l ca vt liu xy l
Vt liu
H s dn nhit
(Kcal/m
2
.h.)
Nhit dung
ring(Kcal/kg.)
Khi lng ring
(kg/m
3
)
Samt A 0,6 +55. 10
-5
t
Samt nh 0,09+12,5.10
-5
t 0,2 + 0,63.10
-6
t 800
Thp 0,119 7850
Gch 0,4+4,4. 10
-5
t
Cao nhm 1,45 + 20.10
-5
t 0,2 + 60.10
-5
t 2700
B tng chu
la
0,79 0,27 2400
Bng gm 0,06
3. Tnh cn bng nhit cho zn t nng v zn nung
3.1. Cc khon nhit thu
3.1.1 . Nhit chy ca nhin liu
Q
1a
= B . Q
H
(Kcal/h)
Trong : B l lng nhin liu tiu tn cn tm (kg/h)
Q
H
l nhit sinh ca nhin liu (Q
H
= 9249,57Kcal/kg)
Vy Q
1a
= 9249,57. B. (Kcal/h)
3.1.2 Nhit l hc cu nhin liu
Q
2a
= B.C
n
.t
n
(kcal/h).
Trong :
+ t
n
- nhit ca nhin liu em t, chn t
n
=80
o
C (do du c hm
nng h thp nht)
+ C
n
- t nhit ca nhin liu em t,( kcal/kg.).
C
n
=
t
t
n
d
) 32 t .
5
9
.( 886 , 1 1625 + +
, (j/kg.)
Vi
t
t
d l khi lng ring tng i ca cht lng 15,6
o
C so vi nc
cng nhit . Chn
t
t
d = 0,85 (5-11)
C
n
=
85 , 0
) 32 80 .
5
9
.( 886 , 1 1625 + +
= 2122,595( j/kg.) = 0,508 (kcal/kg.).
Thay s:
Q
2a
= B. 0,508 .80 = 40,64.B ( kcal/h).

N TT NGHIP
3.1.3 Nhit l hc cu khng kh cn cho qu trnh chy
Q
3a
= B . L
C
kk
. t
kk
(Kcal/h)
Trong :
L
lng khng kh kh thc t cn cho qu trnh chy

Theo phn tnh ton trc: L
= 11,517 (m
3
/kg)
T
kk
l nhit ca khng kh cn cho qu trnh chy (
0
C)
Chn : t
kk
= 300
0
C (kh ly t zon lm lnh nhanh sang gim tiu
hao nhin liu )
C
kk
t nhit ca khng kh ng vi t
kk.
Tra bng N
0
33 (TL -1) ta c :
C
N
C
0
2
300
= 0,3122 (kcal/m
3
.
0
C)

C
O
C
0
2
300
= 0,324 (kcal/m
3
.
0
C)
C
kk
=
100
1
(79 C
N2
+ 21 C
O2
)
=
100
1
(79 . 0,3122 + 21 .0,324) = 0,3147 (kcal/m
3
.
0
C)
Vy Q
3a
= 11,517 . 0,3147 . 300. B = 1087,32. B (Kcal/h)
.3.1.4 . Nhit l hc ca khng kh lt vo Zn t nng v zn nung:
Q
4a
= L
0
.(
kt
- ).C
kk
. T
kk
. B (Kcal/kg)
Trong : L
0
= 10,015 (m
3
/kg)
kt
h s khng kh d kh l = 1,7
h s khng kh zon t nng v nung = 1,15
C
kk
=
100
1
(79
0
2
25
N
C + 21.
0
2
25
O
C )
Tra bng N
0
33 (Tl-1)
0
2
25
N
C = 0,3088 (Kcal/m
3
)
0
2
25
O
C = 0,3116 (Kcal/m
3
)
C
kk
=
100
1
(79.0,3088 + 21. 0,3116) = 0,309 (Kcal/m
3
)
Q
4a
= 10,015 .(1,7- 1,15) . 0,309 . 25 . B
= 42,551. B (Kcal/h)

N TT NGHIP
3.1.5. Nhit do sn phm mang vo:
Q
5a
= G
sp
1
]
1
+
100
). 100 ( W C W
sp
. T
sp
(Kcal/h)
G
sp
l trng lng sn phm xp vo l trong 1 h (kg/h)
G
sp
= 08 , 3037
24
10 . 89 , 72
24
3

nd
G
(kg/h)
W m sn phm vo l (2%)
C
sp
: t nhit ca sn phm t
sp
= 25
0
C
(t
sp
nhit sn phm vo l)
Tra bng N
0
33 (Tl-1):
C
sp
=

0,2 + 63 . 10
-6
. 25 = 0,2016 (Kcal/m
3
)
Q
5a
=
29 , 16519 25 .
100
2 2016 , 0 ). 2 100 (
. 08 , 3037
1
]
1
+

(Kcal/h)
3.1.6 Nhit mang vo do gong:
Q
6a
=
1 i
i i i
T . C . G
(Kcal/h)
Trong : G
i
l khi lng lp lt i trn gong (kg/h)
C
i
, t
i
l t nhit v nhit tng ng.
Khi lng lp lt theo cng thc: G
i
= V
i
.
i
(kg)
Vi : V
i
l th tch lp i = (2,2 x 1,93 x
i
) (m
3
)
i
khi lng ring lp i (kg/m
3
)
G
i
=
60
39 . .
.
60
i i i
V
N
g
(kg/h)
Trong : N l s gong (39)
60 : thi gian sn phm lu trong l (h)
Gch cao alumin c khi lng ring
1
= 2700 (kg/m
3
) (TL1-364)
G
1
=
9 , 1713
60
) 23 , 0 93 , 1 2 , 2 ( 39 2700

(kg/h)
Samt nh c
2
= 800 (kg/m
3
)
G
2
=
82 , 507
60
800 39 ) 23 , 0 93 , 1 2 , 2 (

(kg/h)

N TT NGHIP
B tng chu la c khi lng ring
3
= 2400 (kg/m
3
)(TL1-364)
G
3
=
38 , 662
60
) 10 , 0 . 93 , 1 . 2 , 2 .( 39 . 2400
(kg/h)
Lp thp
4
= 7850 (kg/m
3
) (STHCI-8)
G
4
=
65 , 216
60
7850 . 39 ). 01 , 0 . 93 , 1 . 2 , 2 (
(kg/h)
T nhit ca gch cao alumin tnh theo 25
0
C (TL1-364):
C
1
= 0,2 + 60. 10
-6
.t = 0,2015 ( Kcal/kg.)
T nhit samt nh tra (TL1-364) 25
0
C ta c:
C
2
= 0,18 ( Kcal/kg.)
T nhit ca b tng tra bng I .144 (STHC 1-162) 25
0
C ta c:
C
3
=1,13kJ/kg. =(1,13/4,18)Kcal/kg. = 0,27 ( Kcal/kg.)
T nhit thp( STHCI -162) C
5
= 0,119 ( Kcal/kg.)
Do vy :
Q
6a
=1713,90,201525+507,820,1825+662,380,2725+216,650,119
25
= 16955,47(Kcal/h)
3.1.7 Nhit mang vo do tun hon kh nng
Khon nhit ny do khng kh nng ht ra t zn t nng trn vi mt phn
khng kh nng ht t zn lm ngui sang nhm mc ch nng cao nhit trong
zn t nng.
Q
7a
=B. L
.C
kk
.t
kk
(kcal/h)
Trong :
+
L

-
lng

khng kh kh thc t cn cho qu trnh chy (m
3
/kg)
L
= 17,026 (m
3
/kg) ng vi = 1,7
+
t
kk -
nhit khng kh tun hon tr li . Chn t
kk
= 400
0
C l nhit kh thi
ht ti zn lm ngui chm .Ta dng qut s 7 tun hon khng kh nng v trn
thm 1 lng khng kh lnh ngoi tri h thp nhit ca hn hp kh xung
300
0
C.
+
C
kk
- l t nhit ca khng kh t
kk ,
(Kcal/m
3
.)

N TT NGHIP
C
kk
=
100
1
(79
2
N
C
+ 21.
0
2
O
C )
Tra bng N
0
33 (TL -1) ta c
C
N
C
0
2
300
= 0,3122 (kcal/m
3
.
0
C)

C
O
C
0
2
300
= 0,324 (kcal/m
3
.
0
C)
C
kk
= 0,3147 (kcal/m
3
.
0
C)
Thay s :
Q
7a
= 17,026 .0,3147.300.B = 1607,425.B(Kcal/h)
3.2.Cc khon nhit chi
3.2.1 . Nhit bc hi l hc.
Q
1b
=
W . G .
100
595
SP
(Kcal/h) (TL1-353)
Vi G
sp
= 3037,08 (kg/h) - tnh phn trc
W m vt liu vo l nung: 2%
Q
1b
=
29 , 36141 2 08 , 3037
100
595

(Kcal/h)
3.2.2 . Nhit t nng hi nc n nhit kh thi ra khi l
Q
2b
= 0,47 . t
kt
. G
sp
.
100
W
( Kcal/h)
Vi t
kt
l nhit kh thi (
0
C)
Nhit kh thi t
kt
(100 400), chn 200
0
C (l STkIII-81)
Q
2b
= 0.47 . 200 . 3037,08.
100
2
= 5709,71 (Kcal/h)
.3.2.3 Nhit cn cho phn ng ho hc khi nung sn phm :
Q
3b
=
.
100
.
100
n m
q. G
sp
*
.
( Kcal/h)
Trong
m
1
l hm lng cao lanh trong phi liu (10%)
m
2
l hm lng t st trong phi liu (10%)
n
1
hm lng oxyt Al
2
O
3
trong cao lanh = 39,37 %
n
2
hm lng oxyt Al
2
O
3
trong t st = 26,65 %
q nhit kh nc ca caolanh tnh theo 1kg Al
2
O
3
l 500(Kcal/kg)

N TT NGHIP
G
sp
*
trng lng ca sn phm kh tuyt i (kg/h)
Sn phm xp vo l c W = 2% v trng lng G
sp
(kg/h)
=> G
sp
*
= G
sp

,
_

100
2 100
= 3037,08.
,
_

100
2 100
=2976,34 (Kcal/h)
=>Q
3b
=(
100
65 , 26
100
10
100
37 , 39
100
10
+
) 5002976,34 = 98248,983
(Kcal/h)
3.2.4 Nhit do sn phm nung mang sang zon lm lnh:
Q
4b
= G
sp
*

. t
sp
.C
sp
(Kcal/h)
Trong : t
sp
nhit nung ca sn phm 1380
0
C
C
sp,
t nhit ca sn phm
G
sp
*
=2976,34 kg/h
Tra bng N
0
33
C
2sp
1380
= 0,2 + 63 .10
-6
.1380 = 0,287 (Kcal/kg.)
Q
4b
= 2976,34 13800,287 =1178809,22 (Kcal/h)
3.2.5 Nhit tn tht theo kh thi:
Q
5b
= V
kt
. C
kt
. t
kt
. B (Kcal/kg)
Trong : V
kt
l th tch kh thi = 18,108 (m
3
/kg)
t
kt
nhit kh thi = 200
0
C
B lng nhin liu tiu tn cn tm (kgh)
C
kt
t nhit kh thi nhit t
kt
C
kt
=
100
1
(%CO
2
.C
CO2
+ %H
2
O . C
H2O
+ %N
2
. C
N2
+ %O
2
.C
O2
)
Tra bng N
0
33 (Tl-1) 200
0
C th
C
CO2
= 0,429 (Kcal/m
3
.)
C
H2O
= 0,3635 (Kcal/m
3
.)
C
N2
= 0,3106 (Kcal/m
3
.)
C
O2
= 0,3119(Kcal/m
3
.)
C
SO2
= 0,451 (Kcal/m
3
.
%CO
2
= 9,82% %H
2
O = 6,20% %SO
2
= 0,06%

N TT NGHIP
%N
2
= 74,48% %O
2
= 9,44%
C
kt
=
100
1
(9,820,429+6,200,3635+74,480,3106+9,440,3119+0,06
0, 0,451)
C
kt
= 0,326 (Kcal/m
3
)
Vy Q
5b
= 18,108 0,326 200 B = 1180,642 B (Kcal/h)
3.2.6 Tn tht nhit ra mi trng xung quanh.
- Cng thc chung xc nh lng nhit tn tht ra mi trng xung quanh
l:
Q
TT
=
R
) t t ( F
ng tr

(Kcal/h)
Trong : F- l tit din b mt truyn nhit (m
2
).
T
tr
- nhit mt trong ca b mt truyn nhit.
T
tn
- nhit mt ngoi ca b mt truyn nhit.
+ F c xc nh nh sau:
- i vi tng l: F = 2 . (l . H) (m
2
)
Vi: l l chiu di tng (m) . Chiu di tng thay i i vi tng giai
on nung.
H l chiu cao tng (H = 1,2 m)
- i vi vm l: F = l . r (m
2
)
Vi: l : l chiu di vm (m)
r : l chiu rng trung bnh ca vm (trung bnh cng ca tng
trong v tng ngoi), r= (r
tr
+ r
ng
)/2
r thay i i vi tng giai on ca l nung
+ R l tr nhit xc nh nh sau:
R =
ng i
i
1
(m
2
.h.
0
C/Kcal)
Vi
i
,
i
ln lt l chiu dy v h s dn nhit lp vt liu i
i
(m),
i
(Kal/m.h.
0
C)
ng
l h s cp nhit mt ngoi.
+ Th li nhit gi thit theo cng thc:

N TT NGHIP
t
i
= t
i-1
-
i
i
.
R
1
(t
tr
- t
ng
) (TL-1)
+ Khi tnh ton ta coi vm l phng
Giai on
(
o
C)
Tng l Vm l
H(m
)
L(m) F
t
(m
2
) r
tr
(m) r
ng
(m) r
tb
(m) F
v
(m
2
)
25400 1,2 13,6
32,68
2 3,23 2,615
35,61
400800 1,2 12,9
30,96
2 3,23 2,615
33,73
8001100 1,2 7,2
17,28
2 3,79 2,895
20,75
11001380 1,2 5
12,04
2 3,79 2,895
14,52
Lu 1380 1,2 15 36,12 2 3,79 2,895 43,57
13801000 1,2 5,7
13,76
2 3,23 2,615
14,99
100075 1,2 26,6
63,64
2 3,23 2,615
69,34
Tnh ton:
3.2.6.1 i vi zn t nng:
a. Giai on 25 400
0
C ; L
1
= 13,6 m ; t
tb
=
C
0
5 , 212
2
400 25
+
* Vi tng l:
Gi s t
1
= t
ta
= 212,5
0
C
t
2
= 185
0
C
t
3
= 120
0
C
t
4
= 70
0
C
t
5
= 35
0
C

ng
= 2,6.
+ t t
kk n
4
-
0,85.5,7
1
1
1
1
1
]
1
,
_
+

,
_
+
kk n
kk n
t t
t t
4 4
100
273
100
273

ng
=2,6.
1
1
1
1
]
1
,
_
+

,
_
+
+
25 35
100
273 25
100
273 35
7 , 5 . 85 , 0 25 35
4 4
4

ng
=10,02 (Kcal/ m
2
.h.)

t
tn
= t
1
N TT NGHIP
t
tb1
=
2
185 5 , 212
2
2 1
+
+t t
=198,75
t
tb2
= C
t t
0 3 2
5 , 152
2
120 185
2

+
+
t
tb3
= C
t t
0 4 3
95
2
70 120
2

+
+
t
tb4
= C
t t
0 5 4
5 , 52
2
35 65
2

+
+
+ H s dn nhit cc lp(TL1-364)
Samt A:
1
= 0,6 + 55 . 10
-5
. 198,75= 0,709 Kcal/m.h.
0
C
Samt nh:
2
= 0,09 + 12,5 . 10
-5
. 152,5 = 0,109 Kcal/m.h.
0
C
Bng cch nhit:
3
= 0,06 Kcal/m.h.
0
C
Gch
4
=0,4+4,4.10
-5
.52,5 =0,402 Kcal/m.h.
0
C
Nhit ca tng l :
R =
86 , 2
02 , 10
1
402 , 0
220 , 0
06 , 0
05 , 0
109 , 0
115 , 0
709 , 0
23 , 0
+ + + +
(m
2
.h.
0
C/Kcal)
Tnh kim tra:
+ t2 = t
1
-
1
1
.
R
1
. (t
tn
- t
ng
)
= 212,5 -
709 , 0
23 , 0
.
86 , 2
1
. (212,5 - 35) = 192,37
0
C
t
tb1
=
2
37 , 192 5 , 212 +
= 202,43
0
C

t
2
t
3
t
4
2

3
t
5
N TT NGHIP
Sai s :
% 10 % 85 , 1 100 .
75 , 198
43 , 202 75 , 198
100 .
'
1
1 1
<
tb
tb tb
t
t t
Chp nhn t
2
= 185
0
C
+ t
3
= t
2
-
2
2
.
R
1
. (t
tn
- t
ng
)
Thay s t
3
= 185 -
109 , 0
115 , 0
.
86 , 2
1
. (212,5 - 35) = 119,53
0
C
t
tb2
=
2
53 , 119 185 +
= 152,26
0
C
Sai s :
% 10 % 15 , 0 100 .
5 , 152
26 , 152 5 , 152
<
Chp nhn t
3
= 120
0
C
+ t
4
= t
3
-
3
3
.
R
1
. (t
tn
- t
ng
)
Thay s
t
4
= 120 -
06 , 0
05 , 0
.
86 , 2
1
. (212,5 - 35) = 68,26
0
C
t
tb3
=
2
26 , 68 120 +
= 94,13
0
C
Sai s :
% 10 % 92 , 0 100 .
95
13 , 94 95
<
Chp nhn t
4
= 70
0
C
+ t
5
= t
4
-
4
4
.
1
R
. (t
tn
- t
ng
)
Thay s :
t
5
= 70
403 , 0
22 , 0
.
86 , 2
1
. (212,5 - 35) = 36,05
0
C
t
tb4
=
2
05 , 36 70 +
= 53,02
0
C
Sai s :
% 10 % 1 100 .
5 , 52
02 , 53 5 , 52
<
Chp nhn t
5
= 35
0
C
Tnh nhit tn tht qua tng l

N TT NGHIP
Q
T1
=
R
) t t ( F
ng tn

(Kcal/h)
Vi F = 2 . (13,6 . 1,2) = 32,64 m
2
Q
T1
=
86 , 2
) 35 5 , 212 .( 64 , 32
=2026,65 (Kcal/h)
* Vm l:
Kt cu vm gm 3 lp:
Gch Samt A dy
1
= 0,230 m
Gch Samt nh
2
= 0,115 m
Bng cch nhit
3
= 0,05 m
Gi s t
1
= t
tn
= 212,5
0
C
t
2
= 180
0
C
t
3
= 100
0
C
t
4
= 35
0
C

ng
= 3,3.
+ t t
kk n
4
-
0,85.5,7
1
1
1
1
1
]
1
,
_
+

,
_
+
kk n
kk n
t t
t t
4 4
100
273
100
273

ng
=3,3.
1
1
1
1
]
1
,
_
+

,
_
+
+
25 35
100
273 25
100
273 35
7 , 5 . 85 , 0 25 35
4 4
4

ng
=11,26 (Kcal/ m
2
.h.)
t
tb1
= C
t t
0 2 1
25 , 196
2
180 5 , 212
2

+
+

t
tn
= t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
N TT NGHIP
t
tb2
= C
t t
0 3 2
140
2
100 180
2

+
+
t
tb3
= C
t t
0 4 3
5 , 67
2
35 100
2

+
+
+ H s dn nhit cc lp:
Samt A:
1
= 0,6 + 55 . 10
-5
. 196,25 = 0,708 Kcal/m.h.
0
C
Samt nh:
2
= 0,09 + 12,5 .10
-5
.140 = 0,108 Kcal/m.h.
0
C
Bng cch nhit:
3
= 0,06 Kcal/m.h.
0
C
Do nhit tr vm l :
R=
32 , 2
26 , 11
1
06 , 0
05 , 0
108 , 0
115 , 0
708 , 0
230 , 0 1
+ + + +
ng i
i

(m
2
.h.
0
C/Kcal)
Th li nhit gi thit
+ t
2
= t
1
-
1
1
.
R
1
. (t
tn
- t
ng
)
Thay s:
t
2
= 212,5 -
708 , 0
230 , 0
.
32 , 2
1
. (212,5 - 35) = 187,61
0
C
t
tb1
=
2
61 , 187 5 , 212 +
= 200,05
0
C
Sai s :
% 10 % 94 , 1 100 .
25 , 196
200,05 25 , 196
<
Chp nhn t
2
= 180
0
C
+ t
3
= t
2
-
2
2
.
R
1
. (t
tn
- t
ng
)
Thay s:
t
3
= 180 -
108 , 0
115 , 0
.
32 , 2
1
. (212,5 - 35) = 98,04
0
C
t
tb2
=
2
04 , 98 180 +
= 139,02
0
C
Sai s :
% 10 % 7 , 0 100 .
140
02 , 139 140
<
Chp nhn t
3
= 100
0
C

N TT NGHIP
+ t
4
= t
3
-
3
3
.
R
1
. (t
tn
- t
ng
)
Thay s
t
4
= 100 -
06 , 0
05 , 0
.
32 , 2
1
. (212,5 - 35) = 36,15
0
C
t
tb3
=
2
15 , 36 100 +
= 68,08
0
C
Sai s :
% 10 % 86 , 0 100 .
5 , 67
08 , 68 5 , 67
<
Chp nhn t
4
= 35
0
C
Vy nhit tn tht qua vm:
Q
V1
=
R
) t t ( F
ng tn

(Kcal/h)
Vi F
v
= D x R = 13,6.2,615=35,61 (m
2
)
Q
V1
=
32 , 2
) 35 5 , 212 .( 61 , 35
= 2724,72 (Kcal/h)
b. Giai on 400 800
0
C ;
L
1
= 12,9 m ; t
tb
=
C
0
600
2
800 400
+
Bng cch tnh ton tng t,s dng bn excel,ta c bng s liu sau khi
tnh ton nh sau:

* Vi tng l
Giai on
400 800
0
C
t
tb
=
2
800 400 +
= 600
0
C
Lp Lp 1 Lp 2 Lp 3 Lp 4 Lp 5
Chiu dy
(m)
0,23 0,115 0,05 0,22
Nhit
gi s
0
C
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
t
5
600 530 350 160 35
Nhit
trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
=
2
2 1
t t +
t
tb2
=
2
3 2
t t +
t
tb3
=
2
4 3
t t +
t
tb4
=
2
5 4
t t +
440 675 255 97,5

N TT NGHIP
H s dn nhit cc lp(Kcal/m.h.
0
C)
1
= 0,6+55.10
-5
.
t
tb1
2
= 0,09+12,5.10
-5
.
t
tb2
3

4
=0,4+4,4.10
-5
.
t
tb4
0,911 0,145 0,06 0,404
H s
dn nhit
ngoi
(Kcal/m.h.
0
C)
ng

1
1
1
1
1
]
1
,
_
+

,
_
+
+
25 35
100
273 25
100
273 35
7 , 5 . 85 , 0 5 2 - 35 . 6 , 2
4 4
4
ng
=10,02 (Kcal/ m
2
.h.)
Nhit tr
(m
2
.h.
0
C/Kcal)
R=
52 , 2
02 , 10
1
404 , 0
22 , 0
06 , 0
05 , 0
145 , 0
115 , 0
911 , 0
23 , 0 1
+ + + + +
ng i
i

Tnh kim
tra li
Nhit tnh ton : t
i
= t
i-1
-
i
i
.
R
1
(t
tr
- t
ng
) (
0
C )
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
t
5
600 543,45 352,39 163,38 38,14
Nhit trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
t
tb2
t
tb3
t
tb4
571,72 441,20 256,69 99,07

Sai s(%)
100 .
'
tbi
tbi tbi
t
t t
1,19 % 0,27% 0,66% 1,61%
<10% Chp nhn kt qu nhit gi s
Nhit tn tht qua tng l (Kcal/h)
Q
T2
=
R
t t F
ng tn
) (
Q
T2
=
52 , 2
) 35 600 .( 96 , 30
= 6933,24

N TT NGHIP
* Vi vm l
Giai on
400 800
0
C
t
tb
=
2
800 400 +
= 600
0
C
Lp Lp 1 Lp 2 Lp 3 Lp 4
Chiu dy
(m)
0,23 0,115 0,05
Nhit
gi s
0
C
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
600 510 270 35
Nhit
trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
=
2
2 1
t t +
t
tb2
=
2
3 2
t t +
t
tb3
=
2
4 3
t t +
t
tb4
=
2
5 4
t t +
555 390 152,50
0
C)
1
= 0,6+55.10
-5
. t
tb1

2
= 0,09+12,5.10
-5
. t
tb2

3
0,905 0,139 0,06
H s
dn nhit
ngoi
(Kcal/m.h.
0
C)
ng

1
1
1
1
1
]
1
,
_
+

,
_
+
+
25 35
100
273 25
100
273 35
7 , 5 . 85 , 0 25 - 35 . 3 , 3
4 4
4
ng
=11,26(Kcal/ m
2
.h.)
Nhit tr
(m
2
.h.
0
C/Kcal)
R=
01 , 2
26 , 11
1
06 , 0
05 , 0
139 , 0
115 , 0
905 , 0
23 , 0 1
+ + + +
ng i
i

Tnh kim
tra li
Nhit tnh ton : t
i
= t
i-1
-
i
i
.
R
1
(t
tr
- t
ng
) (
0
C )
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
600 528,40 276,44 35,17
Nhit trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
t
tb2
t
tb3
564,20 393,22 152,59

Sai s(%)
100 .
'
tbi
tbi tbi
t
t t
1,66% 0,83% 0,06%
Nhit tch ly nn gong(Kcal/h)

N TT NGHIP
Q
v2
=
R
t t F
ng tn
) (
Q
v2
=
01 , 2
) 45 600 .( 73 , 33
= 9505,77
c. Giai on 800 1100
0
C ;
L
1
= 7,2 m ; t
tb
=
C
0
950
2
1100 800
+
tnh ton nh sau:
* Vi tng l
Giai on
800 1100
0
C
t
tb
=
2
1100 800 +
= 950
0
C
Chiu dy
(m)
0,23 0,115 0,05 0,22
Nhit
gi s
0
C
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
t
5
950 820 560 250 35
Nhit
trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
=
2
2 1
t t +
t
tb2
=
2
3 2
t t +
t
tb3
=
2
4 3
t t +
t
tb4
=
2
5 4
t t +
885 690 405 142,50
0
C)
1
= 0,6+55.10
-5
.
t
tb1
2
= 0,09+12,5.10
-5
.
t
tb2
3

4
=0,4+4,4.10
-5
.
t
tb4
1,087 0,176 0,06 0,406
H s
dn nhit
ngoi
(Kcal/m.h.
0
C)
ng

1
1
1
1
1
]
1
,
_
+

,
_
+
+
25 35
100
273 25
100
273 35
7 , 5 . 85 , 0 5 2 - 35 . 6 , 2
4 4
4
ng
=10,02 (Kcal/ m
2
.h.)
Nhit tr
(m
2
.h.
0
C/Kcal)
R=
34 , 2
02 , 10
1
406 , 0
22 , 0
06 , 0
05 , 0
176 , 0
115 , 0
087 , 1
23 , 0 1
+ + + + +
ng i
i

N TT NGHIP
Tnh kim
tra li
Nhit tnh ton : t
i
= t
i-1
-
i
i
.
R
1
(t
tr
- t
ng
) (
0
C )
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
t
5
950 867,20 564,73 233,98 38,15
Nhit trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
t
tb2
t
tb3
t
tb4
908,60 692,37 396,99 144, 07

Sai s(%)
100 .
'
tbi
tbi tbi
t
t t
2,67 % 0,34% 1,98% 1,1%
Q
T2
=
R
t t F
ng tn
) (
Q
T2
=
34 , 2
) 35 950 .( 28 , 17
= 6760,37

* Vi vm l
Giai on
800 1100
0
C
t
tb
=
2
1100 800 +
= 950
0
C
Chiu dy
(m)
0,23 0,115 0,05
Nhit
gi s
0
C
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
950 820 460 45
Nhit
trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
=
2
2 1
t t +
t
tb2
=
2
3 2
t t +
t
tb3
=
2
4 3
t t +
t
tb4
=
2
5 4
t t +
885 640 252,50

N TT NGHIP
0
C)
1
= 0,6+55.10
-5
. t
tb1

2
= 0,09+12,5.10
-5
. t
tb2

3
1,087 0,170 0,06
H s
dn nhit
ngoi
(Kcal/m.h.
0
C)
ng

1
1
1
1
1
]
1
,
_
+

,
_
+
+
25 45
100
273 25
100
273 45
7 , 5 . 85 , 0 25 - 45 . 3 , 3
4 4
4
ng
=12,65(Kcal/ m
2
.h.)
Nhit tr
(m
2
.h.
0
C/Kcal)
R=
8 , 1
65 , 12
1
06 , 0
05 , 0
170 , 0
115 , 0
087 , 1
23 , 0 1
+ + + +
ng i
i

Tnh kim
tra li
Nhit tnh ton : t
i
= t
i-1
-
i
i
.
R
1
(t
tr
- t
ng
) (
0
C )
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
950 843,62 479,98 41,14
Nhit trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
t
tb2
t
tb3
896,81 649,99 250,57

Sai s(%)
100 .
'
tbi
tbi tbi
t
t t
1,33% 1,56% 0,76%
Q
v2
=
R
t t F
ng tn
) (
Q
v2
=
8 , 1
) 45 950 .( 75 , 20
= 10476,91
3.2.6.2 i vi zn nung:
tnh ton nh sau:
a. Giai on 1100 1380
0
C ; L
4
= 5 m

* Vi tng l

N TT NGHIP
Giai on
1100 1380
0
C
t
tb
=
2
1380 1100 +
= 1240
0
C
Chiu dy
(m)
0,345 0,23 0,1 0,22
Nhit
gi s
0
C
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
t
5
1240 1160 780 250 50
Nhit
trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
=
2
2 1
t t +
t
tb2
=
2
3 2
t t +
t
tb3
=
2
4 3
t t +
t
tb4
=
2
5 4
t t +
1200 970 515 150
0
C)
1
=1,45+20.10
-5
. t
tb1
2
= 0,09+12,5.10
-5
.
t
tb2
3

4
=0,4+4,4.10
-5
.
t
tb4
1,690 0,211 0,06 0,407
H s
dn nhit
ngoi
(Kcal/m.h.
0
C)
ng

1
1
1
1
1
]
1
,
_
+

,
_
+
+
25 50
100
273 25
100
273 50
7 , 5 . 85 , 0 5 2 - 50 . 6 , 2
4 4
4
ng
=11,62 (Kcal/ m
2
.h.)
Nhit tr
(m
2
.h.
0
C/Kcal)
R=
59 , 3
62 , 11
1
407 , 0
22 , 0
06 , 0
10 , 0
211 , 0
23 , 0
690 , 1
345 , 0 1
+ + + + +
ng i
i

Tnh kim
tra li
Nhit tnh ton : t
i
= t
i-1
-
i
i
.
R
1
(t
tr
- t
ng
) (
0
C )
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
t
5
1240 1172,27 798,77 227,03 70,48
Nhit trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
t
tb2
t
tb3
t
tb4
1206,13 985,52 512,90 148,75

Sai s(%)
100 .
'
tbi
tbi tbi
t
t t
0,51 % 1,6% 0,41% 0,83%

N TT NGHIP
Q
T3
=
R
t t F
ng tn
) (
Q
T3
=
59 , 3
) 50 1240 .( 04 , 12
= 3994,69

* Vi vm l
Giai on
1100 1380
0
C
t
tb
=
2
1380 1100 +
= 1240
0
C
Chiu dy
(m)
0,23 0,115 0,10
Nhit
gi s
0
C
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
1240 1100 650 50
Nhit
trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
=
2
2 1
t t +
t
tb2
=
2
3 2
t t +
t
tb3
=
2
4 3
t t +
t
tb4
=
2
5 4
t t +
1170 875 350
0
C)
1
=1,45+20.10
-5
. t
tb1

2
= 0,09+12,5.10
-5
. t
tb2

3
1,684 0,199
0,06
H s
dn nhit
ngoi
(Kcal/m.h.
0
C)
ng

1
1
1
1
1
]
1
,
_
+

,
_
+
+
25 50
100
273 25
100
273 50
7 , 5 . 85 , 0 25 - 50 . 3 , 3
4 4
4
ng
=13,19 (Kcal/ m
2
.h.)
Nhit tr
(m
2
.h.
0
C/Kcal)
R=
62 , 1
19 , 13
1
06 , 0
1 , 0
199 , 0
115 , 0
684 , 1
23 , 0 1
+ + + +
ng i
i

Tnh kim
tra li
Nhit tnh ton : t
i
= t
i-1
-
i
i
.
R
1
(t
tr
- t
ng
) (
0
C )
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
1240 1139,83 676,96 38,81
Nhit trung bnh
0
C

N TT NGHIP
t
tb1
t
tb2
t
tb3
1189,91 888,48 344,41

Sai s(%)
100 .
'
tbi
tbi tbi
t
t t
1,7% 1,54% 1,6%
Q
v3
=
R
t t F
ng tn
) (
Q
v3
=
62 , 1
) 50 1240 .( 48 , 14
= 10616,28
b. Giai on lu 1380
0
C
L = 15 m , t
tb
= 1380
0
C
* Vi tng l:
Giai on
1380
0
C
t
tb
= 1380
0
C
Chiu dy
(m)
0,345 0,23 0,1 0,22
Nhit
gi s
0
C
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
t
5
1380 1280 900 260 60
Nhit
trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
=
2
2 1
t t +
t
tb2
=
2
3 2
t t +
t
tb3
=
2
4 3
t t +
t
tb4
=
2
5 4
t t +
1330 1090 580 160
0
C)
1
=1,45+20.10
-5
.
t
tb1

2
= 0,09+12,5.10
-5
.
t
tb2
3

4
=0,4+4,4.10
-5
.
t
tb4
1,716 0,226
0,06 0,407

N TT NGHIP
H s
dn nhit
ngoi
(Kcal/m.h.
0
C)
ng

1
1
1
1
1
]
1
,
_
+

,
_
+
+
25 60
100
273 25
100
273 60
7 , 5 . 85 , 0 5 2 - 60 . 6 , 2
4 4
4
ng
=12,43 (Kcal/ m
2
.h.)
Nhit tr
(m
2
.h.
0
C/Kcal)
R=
51 , 3
43 , 12
1
407 , 0
22 , 0
06 , 0
1 , 0
226 , 0
23 , 0
716 , 1
345 , 0 1
+ + + + +
ng i
i

Tnh kim
tra li
Nhit tnh ton : t
i
= t
i-1
-
i
i
.
R
1
(t
tr
- t
ng
) (
0
C )
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
t
5
1380 1304,29 897,18 272,37 56,46
Nhit trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
t
tb2
t
tb3
t
tb4
1342,14 1100,73 584,77 164,42

Sai s(%)
100 .
'
tbi
tbi tbi
t
t t
0,91 % 0,98% 0,82% 2,76%
Q
T4
=
R
t t F
ng tn
) (
Q
T4
=
51 , 3
) 60 1380 .( 12 , 36
= 13556,87
* Vi vm l
Giai on
1380
0
C
t
tb
= 1380
0
C
Chiu dy
(m)
0,23 0,115 0,10
Nhit
gi s
0
C
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
1380 1240 760 60

N TT NGHIP
Nhit
trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
=
2
2 1
t t +
t
tb2
=
2
3 2
t t +
t
tb3
=
2
4 3
t t +
t
tb4
=
2
5 4
t t +
1310 1000 410
0
C)
1
=1,45+20.10
-5
. t
tb1

2
= 0,09+12,5.10
-5
. t
tb2

3
1,712 0,215
0,06
H s
dn nhit
ngoi
(Kcal/m.h.
0
C)
ng

1
1
1
1
1
]
1
,
_
+

,
_
+
+
25 60
100
273 25
100
273 60
7 , 5 . 85 , 0 25 - 60 . 3 , 3
4 4
4
ng
=14,13 (Kcal/ m
2
.h.)
Nhit tr
(m
2
.h.
0
C/Kcal)
R=
57 , 1
13 , 14
1
06 , 0
1 , 0
215 , 0
115 , 0
712 , 1
23 , 0 1
+ + + +
ng i
i

Tnh kim
tra li
Nhit tnh ton : t
i
= t
i-1
-
i
i
.
R
1
(t
tr
- t
ng
) (
0
C )
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
1380 1267,29 791,24 60,84
Nhit trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
t
tb2
t
tb3
1323,64 1015,62 410,42

Sai s(%)
100 .
'
tbi
tbi tbi
t
t t
1,04% 1,56% 0,1%
Q
v3
=
R
t t F
ng tn
) (
Q
v3
=
57 , 1
) 60 1380 .( 57 , 43
= 36554,66
T ta c bng tng kt nhit tn tht qua tng giai on ca l nung nh sau:
Tng nhit tn tht qua tng v vm zn nung v t nng
Nhit tn tht (Kcal/h)

N TT NGHIP
Khong t
0
C
Qua tng Qua vm
25 400
2026,65 2724,72
400 800
6933,24 9505,77
800 1100
6760,37 10476,91
1100 1380
3994,69 10616,28
Lu 1380 13556,87 36554,66
Tng 33271,82 69878,34
Q
6b
103150,16
3.2.7 . Nhit tch lu nn gong v nhit tn tht qua mt di gong
3.2.7.1 Nhit tch lu nn gong: Q
TL
Q
TL
=
itb i
n
i
i
t C G . .
1
(Kcal/h) (TL-1)
Trong :
G
i
l trng lng lp gch lt th i gong (kg/h)
C
i
l t nhit ca lp lt i ng vi nhit trung bnh t
itb
C
i
(Kcal/kg.) - n l s lp lt vt liu gong.
Khi lng lp lt tnh theo cng thc : G
i
= V
i
.
i
(kg)
Vi : V
i
l th tch lp i = (2,2 x 1,93 x
i
) (m
3
)
i
khi lng ring lp i (kg/m
3
)
G
i
=
60
39 . .
.
60
i i i
V
N
g
(kg/h)
Trong : N l s gong (39)
60 thi gian sn phm lu trong l (h)
- Kt cu gong: nh tnh ton phn phn nhit thu ta c
- Lp gch cao alumin c G
1
=1317,9 (kg/h)
T nhit C
1
= 0,2 + 60. 10
-6
.t ( Kcal/kg.)
- Lp gch samot nh c G
2
=507,82 (kg/h)
T nhit samt nh tra ph lc VI (TL13-35) ta c:
C
2
= 0,2 + 63. 10
-6
.t ( Kcal/kg.)
- lp b tng chu la c G
3
= 662,38 (kg/h)
T nhit C
3
= 0,27 ( Kcal/kg.)

N TT NGHIP
- lp thp dy coi nh l lp bo v
Tnh ton tng t phn tnh nhit tn tht , ta c bng s liu sau khi tnh ton nh
sau:

a. Giai on 25 400
0
C
Giai on
25 400
0
C
t
tb
=
2
400 25 +
= 212,5
0
C
Chiu dy
(m)
0,23 0,23 0,1
Khi lng
kg
1317,9 507,82 662,38
T nhit
Kcal/kg.
0,2 + 60. 10
-6
.t 0,2+63. 10
-
6
.t
0,27
Nhit
gi s
0
C
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
212,5 185 60 40
Nhit
trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
=
2
2 1
t t +
t
tb2
=
2
3 2
t t +
t
tb3
=
2
4 3
t t +
198,75 122,50 50,00
0
C)
1
= 1,45+20.10
-5
. t
tb1

2
= 0,18+37.10
-5
. t
tb2

3
1,49 0,23 0,79
H s
dn nhit
ngoi
(Kcal/m.h.
0
C)
ng

1
1
1
1
1
]
1
,
_
+

,
_
+
+
30 40
100
273 30
100
273 40
7 , 5 . 85 , 0 0 3 - 40 . 6 , 1
4 4
4
ng
=8,51(Kcal/ m
2
.h.)
Nhit
tr(m
2
.h.
0
C/
Kcal)
R=
42 , 1
51 , 8
1
79 , 0
1 , 0
23 , 0
23 , 0
49 , 1
23 , 0 1
+ + + +
ng i
i

Nhit tnh ton : t

i
= t
i-1
-
i
i
.
R
1
(t
tr
- t
ng
) (
0
C )

N TT NGHIP
Tnh kim
tra li
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
212,50 193,74 60,93 44,61
Nhit trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
t
tb2
t
tb3
203,12 122,97 52,31

Sai s(%)
100 .
'
tbi
tbi tbi
t
t t
2,2% 0,38% 4,61%
Q
TL
=
itb i
n
1 i
i
t . C . G
Q
TL
= 77834,92
b. Giai on 400 800
0
C
Giai on
400 800
0
C
t
tb
=
2
800 400 +
= 600
0
C
Chiu dy
(m)
0,23 0,23 0,1
Khi lng
kg
1317,9 507,82 662,38
T nhit
Kcal/kg.
0,2 + 60. 10
-6
.t 0,2+63. 10
-
6
.t
0,27
Nhit
gi s
0
C
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
600 490 100 45
Nhit
trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
=
2
2 1
t t +
t
tb2
=
2
3 2
t t +
t
tb3
=
2
4 3
t t +
545 295 72,50
0
C)
1
= 1,45+20.10
-5
. t
tb1

2
= 0,18+37.10
-5
. t
tb2

3
1,56 0,29 0,79

N TT NGHIP
H s
dn nhit
ngoi
(Kcal/m.h.
0
C)
ng

1
1
1
1
1
]
1
,
_
+

,
_
+
+
30 45
100
273 30
100
273 45
7 , 5 . 85 , 0 0 3 - 45 . 6 , 1
4 4
4
ng
=8,95(Kcal/ m
2
.h.)
Nhit
tr(m
2
.h.
0
C/
Kcal)
R=
18 , 1
95 , 8
1
79 , 0
1 , 0
29 , 0
23 , 0
56 , 1
23 , 0 1
+ + + +
ng i
i

Tnh kim
tra li
Nhit tnh ton : t
i
= t
i-1
-
i
i
.
R
1
(t
tr
- t
ng
) (
0
C )
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
600 530,68 116,27 40,53
Nhit trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
t
tb2
t
tb3
565,34 303,13 70,26

Sai s(%)
100 .
'
tbi
tbi tbi
t
t t
3,739% 2,76% 3,09%
Q
TL
=
itb i
n
1 i
i
t . C . G
Q
TL
= 217060,31
Giai on
800
1100
0
C
t
tb
=
2
1100 800 +
= 950
0
C
Chiu dy
(m)
0,23 0,23 0,1
Khi lng
kg
1317,9 507,82 662,38
T nhit
Kcal/kg.
0,2 + 60. 10
-6
.t 0,2+63. 10
-
6
.t
0,27
Nhit t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4

N TT NGHIP
gi s
0
C
950 760 170 55
Nhit
trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
=
2
2 1
t t +
t
tb2
=
2
3 2
t t +
t
tb3
=
2
4 3
t t +
855 465 112,50
0
C)
1
= 1,45+20.10
-5
. t
tb1

2
= 0,18+37.10
-5
. t
tb2

3
1,62 0,35 0,79
H s
dn nhit
ngoi
(Kcal/m.h.
0
C)
ng

1
1
1
1
1
]
1
,
_
+

,
_
+
+
30 55
100
273 30
100
273 55
7 , 5 . 85 , 0 0 3 - 55 . 6 , 1
4 4
4
ng
=9,67(Kcal/ m
2
.h.)
Nhit
tr(m
2
.h.
0
C/
Kcal)
R=
03 , 1
67 , 9
1
79 , 0
1 , 0
35 , 0
23 , 0
62 , 1
23 , 0 1
+ + + +
ng i
i

Tnh kim
tra li
Nhit tnh ton : t
i
= t
i-1
-
i
i
.
R
1
(t
tr
- t
ng
) (
0
C )
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
950 826,13 189,63 59,49
Nhit trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
t
tb2
t
tb3
888,06 474,82 114,74

Sai s(%)
100 .
'
tbi
tbi tbi
t
t t
3,87% 2,11% 2 %
Q
TL
=
itb i
n
1 i
i
t . C . G
Q
TL
= 368242,02
d. Giai on 1100 1380
0
C

N TT NGHIP
Giai on
1200
1380
0
C
t
tb
=
2
1380 1100 +
= 1240
0
C
Chiu dy
(m)
0,23 0,23 0,1
Khi lng
kg
1317,9 507,82 662,38
T nhit
Kcal/kg.
0,2 + 60. 10
-6
.t 0,2+63. 10
-
6
.t
0,27
Nhit
gi s
0
C
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
1240 980 220 60
Nhit
trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
=
2
2 1
t t +
t
tb2
=
2
3 2
t t +
t
tb3
=
2
4 3
t t +
1110 600 140
0
C)
1
= 1,45+20.10
-5
. t
tb1

2
= 0,18+37.10
-5
. t
tb2

3
1,67 0,40 0,79
H s
dn nhit
ngoi
(Kcal/m.h.
0
C)
ng

1
1
1
1
1
]
1
,
_
+

,
_
+
+
30 60
100
273 30
100
273 60
7 , 5 . 85 , 0 0 3 - 60 . 6 , 1
4 4
4
ng
=9,99(Kcal/ m
2
.h.)
Nhit
tr(m
2
.h.
0
C/
Kcal)
R=
94 , 0
99 , 9
1
79 , 0
1 , 0
40 , 0
23 , 0
67 , 1
23 , 0 1
+ + + +
ng i
i

Tnh kim
tra li
Nhit tnh ton : t
i
= t
i-1
-
i
i
.
R
1
(t
tr
- t
ng
) (
0
C )
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
1240 1066,65 259 60,48
Nhit trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
t
tb2
t
tb3
1194,73 664,74 202,08

N TT NGHIP
Sai s(%)
100 .
'
tbi
tbi tbi
t
t t
3,9% 3,25% 0,17%
Q
TL
=
itb i
n
1 i
i
t . C . G
Q
TL
= 506199,30
e. Giai on 1380
0
C
Giai on
1380
0
C
t
tb
= 1380
0
C
Chiu dy
(m)
0,23 0,23 0,1
Khi lng
kg
1317,9 507,82 662,38
T nhit
Kcal/kg.
0,2 + 60. 10
-6
.t 0,2+63. 10
-
6
.t
0,27
Nhit
gi s
0
C
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
1380 1090 250 60
Nhit
trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
=
2
2 1
t t +
t
tb2
=
2
3 2
t t +
t
tb3
=
2
4 3
t t +
1235 670 155
0
C)
1
= 1,45+20.10
-5
. t
tb1

2
= 0,18+37.10
-5
. t
tb2

3
1,70 0,43 0,79
H s
dn nhit
ngoi
(Kcal/m.h.
0
C)
ng

1
1
1
1
1
]
1
,
_
+

,
_
+
+
30 60
100
273 30
100
273 60
7 , 5 . 85 , 0 0 3 - 60 . 6 , 1
4 4
4
ng
=9,99(Kcal/ m
2
.h.)

N TT NGHIP
Nhit
tr(m
2
.h.
0
C/
Kcal)
R=
90 , 0
99 , 9
1
79 , 0
1 , 0
43 , 0
23 , 0
70 , 1
23 , 0 1
+ + + +
ng i
i

Tnh kim
tra li
Nhit tnh ton : t
i
= t
i-1
-
i
i
.
R
1
(t
tr
- t
ng
) (
0
C )
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
1380 1181,16 301,41 64,29
Nhit trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
t
tb2
t
tb3
1280,58 695,70 157,14

Sai s(%)
100 .
'
tbi
tbi tbi
t
t t
3,69% 3,84% 1,38%
Q
TL
=
itb i
n
1 i
i
t . C . G
Q
TL
= 579419,84
Bng tng kt nhit tn tht l do tch ly trong gong
Giai on Nhit tn tht (Kcal/h)
25 400
0
C
77834,92
400 800
0
C
217060,31
800 1100
0
C
368242,02
1100 1380
0
C
506199,30
Lu 1380
0
C 579419,84
Tng 1748756,39
3.2.7.2. Nhit tn tht qua mt di gong.
Q
cq
= (t
tb
- t
kk
).
n
.F
x
(kcal/h). (TL1-359)

N TT NGHIP
t
tb
- l nhit trung bnh mt di nn gong trong zon t nng v zn
nung (
0
C)
Vi zn t nng t
tb
= 50
0
C
Vi zn nung t
tb
= 60
0
C
t
kk
- nhit khng kh di nn gong.
Theo ti liu (I) t
kk
di nn gong zn t nng v nung c chn t
kk
=
30
0
C.

ng
- l h s cp nhit b mt ngoi ng vi t
tb

ng

1
1
1
1
1
]
1
,
_
+

,
_
+
+
30
100
273 30
100
273
7 , 5 . 85 , 0 0 3 - . 6 , 1
4 4
4
t
t
t
F
n
- tng din tch nn gong trong zn t nng v zn nung (m
2
)
Vi zn t nng F
n
= 33,7. 1,93= 65,041 (m
2
)
Vi zn nung F
n
= 20.1,93 = 38,6 (m
2
)
Nn ta c :
Q
cp1
= (50-30).9,33.65,041= 12136,95 (kcal/h)
Q
cp1
= (60-30).9,99.38,6= 11568,42 (kcal/h )
3.2.7.3 Tng nhit tch lu v tn tht mt di nn gong.
Q
7b
= 1748756,39+ 12136,95 + 11568,42 = 1772461,76 (kcal/h).
3.2.8. Cc khon nhit tn tht khng tnh c.
Khon nhit ny ly bng 5% tng nhit tn tht:
Q
8b
= 0,05(Q
1b
+ Q
2b
+ Q
3b
+ Q
4b
+ Q
5b
+ Q
6b
+ Q
7b
)
Thay s:
Q
8b
= 0,05(36141,29+5709,71 + 98248,983+ 1178809,22 + 1180,642 B +
103150,16 + 1772461,76)
Q
8b
= 0,05.(3194521,123+ 1180,642 B) (kcal/h).

N TT NGHIP
Q
8b
=159726,056+59,032 B

N TT NGHIP
3.3. Bng tng kt cc khon nhit thu, chi zn t nng v nung
Nhit thu Gi tr (kcal/h) Nhit chi Gi tr (kcal/h)
Nhit chy ca
nhin liu
9249,57. B Nhit bc hi
nc l hc
36141,29
Nhit l hc ca
nhin liu
40,64 . B
Nhit t nng hi
nc n nhit
kh thi
5709,71
Nhit l hc ca
khng kh cn
cho qu trnh
chy
1087,32. B
Nhit cn cho phn
ng ho hc khu
nung sn phm
98248,983
Nhit l hc ca
KK lt vo zn
t nng v zn
nung
42,551. B
Nhit cn t
nng sn phm n
nhit nung
1178809,22
Nhit do sn
phm mang vo
29 , 16519
Nhit tn tht theo
kh thi
1180,642. B
Nhit do gong
mang vo
16955,47 Nhit tn tht qua
tng v vm
103150,16
Nhit mang vo
do tun hon kh
nng
1607,425. B Nhit tch ly v
nhit tn tht
mt di nn
gong
1772461,76
Cc khon nhit
tn tht khng tnh
c
159726,056+59,032
B
Tng 33474,76
+ 12027,506.B
Tng 3354247,179
+ 1239,674.B
Thnh lp cn bng nhit thu, chi:

N TT NGHIP
Q
thu
= Q
chi

12027,506. B + 33474,76 = 3354247,179 + 1239,674. B
B = 307,826 (kg nhin liu/gi)
- Vy nhit chy ca nhin liu:
Q
1a
= 9249,57. 307,826 =2847258,135(kcal/h)
- Nhit l hc ca nhin liu:
Q
2a
= 40,64. 307,826 = 12510,049 (kcal/h)
- Nhit l hc ca khng kh cn cho qu trnh chy:
Q
3a
= 1087,32. 307,826 = 334705,367 (kcal/h)
- Nhit l hc ca khng kh lt vo zn t nng v nung.
Q
4a
= 42,551. 307,826 = 13098,304 (kcal/h)
- Nhit tn tht theo kh thi:
Q
5b
= 1180,642. 307,826 = 363432,304 (kcal/h)
- Cc khon nhit tn tht khng tnh c:
Q
8b
= 159726,056+59,032. 307,826 = 177897,640 (kcal/h).
* Quy i theo lng nhin liu tiu chun.
Nhit tr ca nhin liu : Q = 9249,57 (kcal/kg)
h s chuyn i: =
7000
Q
(L SLC I)
Trong 7000 kcal/h l nhit sinh ca 1 kg nhin liu tiu chun
Do lng nhin liu tiu hao tiu chun l:
B = B. =
7000
307,826 . 9249,57
= 406,751(kg/tn sp)
Tnh cho 1 tn sn phm th cn lng nhin liu tiu chun:

1000 . 89 , 72
100 . 24 . 406,751
= 13,39%

N TT NGHIP
i vi sn phm samt A, B m lng tiu tn nhin liu tiu chun l 13,39% l
hi ln . theo bng 8 tiu tn nhin liu tiu chun trong l tuynel i vi sn phm
samt l : 7-8%. Vy lng nhin liu tnh ra hi ln.
Cn bng nhit zn t nng - nung
Nhit thu Gi tr (kcal/h) % Nhit chi Gi tr
(kcal/h)
%
Nhit chy ca
nhin liu 2847258,135 76,21
Nhit bc hi
nc l hc
36141,29
0,98
Nhit l hc ca
nhin liu 12510,049 0,34
Nhit t nng hi
nc n nhit
kh thi
5709,71
0,15
Nhit l hc ca
khng kh cn
cho qu trnh
chy
334705,367 8,96
Nhit cn cho phn
ng ho hc khu
nung sn phm
98248,983
2,63
Nhit l hc ca
KK lt vo zn
t nng v zn
nung
13098,304 0,35
Nhit cn t
nng sn phm n
nhit nung
1178809,22
31,55
Nhit do sn
phm mang vo
29 , 16519 0,44 Nhit tn tht theo
kh thi
363432,304
9,73
Nhit do gong
mang vo
16955,47
0,45 Nhit tn tht qua
tng vo vm
103150,16
2,76
Nhit mang vo
do tun hon kh
nng
494807,208
13,25
Nhit tn tht v
nhit tn tht
mt di nn
gong
1772461,76
47,44
Cc khon nhit
tn tht khng tnh
c
177897,640
4,76
Tng 3735853,822 100% Tng
3735851,068
100%

N TT NGHIP
Chp nhn cc kt qu tnh ton.
4 Tnh cn bng nhit cho zn lm ngui.
4.1 Cc khon nhit thu.
4.1.1 Nhit do sn phm v ca xe gong mang t zn nung sang.
Lng nhit ny bng tng lng nhit tch lu gong v nhit t nng
sn phm t zn nung mang sang:
Q
1t
= Q
4b
+ Q
TL
=1178809,22+ 1748756,39=
Q
1t
= 2927565,61 (kcal/h).
4.1.2. Nhit l hc ca khng kh vo zn lm ngui lm ngui sn phm
(
Khng kh vo zn lm ngui c t nng. S dng vo 2 mc ch:
- em i dng vo vic khc 1 lng X (m
3
/h)
- Dng t chy nhin liu lng B.L
(m
3
/h)
Do vy: Q
2t
= (X + B.L
). C
kk
.t
kk
(kcal/h). (TL-1)
Trong : t
kk
-l nhit khng kh chn = 25
0
C
C
kk
- t nhit khng kh 25
0
C (=0,309 kcal/m
3
)
( tnh phn trc)
Vi: B = 307,826 (kg/h)
L
= 11,517 (m
2
/kg).
Q
2t
= (X + 11,517 . 307,826).0,309.25 = 7,725.X + 27386,918(kcal/h)

4.2 Cc khon nhit chi:
4.2.1. Tn tht nhit qua tng v vm Q
1c

N TT NGHIP
4.2.1.1 Gi a on 1380 1000
0
C; L
7
= 5,7 m
* Vi tng l: Cu to tng l ging vi giai on nung nhanh
Giai on
1380 1000
0
C
t
tb
=
2
1000 1380 +
=1190
0
C
Chiu dy
(m)
0,23 0,115 0,05 0,22
Nhit
gi s
0
C
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
t
5
1190 1080 760 330 50
Nhit
trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
=
2
2 1
t t +
t
tb2
=
2
3 2
t t +
t
tb3
=
2
4 3
t t +
t
tb4
=
2
5 4
t t +
1135 920 545 190.00
0
C)
1
= 0,6+55.10
-5
.
t
tb1
2
= 0,09+12,5.10
-5
.
t
tb2
3

4
=0,4+4,4.10
-5
.
t
tb4
1,224 0,205 0,06 0,408
H s
dn nhit
ngoi
(Kcal/m.h.
0
C)
ng

1
1
1
1
1
]
1
,
_
+

,
_
+
+
25 50
100
273 25
100
273 50
7 , 5 . 85 , 0 5 2 - 50 . 6 , 2
4 4
4
ng
=11,62 (Kcal/ m
2
.h.)
Nhit tr
(m
2
.h.
0
C/Kcal)
R=
21 , 2
62 , 11
1
408 , 0
22 , 0
06 , 0
05 , 0
205 , 0
115 , 0
224 , 1
23 , 0 1
+ + + + +
ng i
i

Tnh kim
tra li
Nhit tnh ton : t
i
= t
i-1
-
i
i
.
R
1
(t
tr
- t
ng
) (
0
C )
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
t
5
1190 1092,96 790,23 329,54 51,71
Nhit trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
t
tb2
t
tb3
t
tb4
1141,48 935,11 544,77 190,86

Sai s(%)
100 .
'
tbi
tbi tbi
t
t t
0,57 % 1,64% 0,04% 0,45%

N TT NGHIP
Q
T2
=
R
t t F
ng tn
) (
Q
T2
=
21 , 2
) 50 1190 .( 68 , 13
= 7066,43

* Vi vm l
Giai on
1380 1000
0
C
t
tb
=
2
1000 1380 +
=1190
0
C
Chiu dy
(m)
0,23 0,115 0,05
Nhit
gi s
0
C
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
1190 1040 620 50
Nhit
trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
=
2
2 1
t t +
t
tb2
=
2
3 2
t t +
t
tb3
=
2
4 3
t t +
t
tb4
=
2
5 4
t t +
1115 830 335
0
C)
1
= 0,6+55.10
-5
. t
tb1

2
= 0,09+12,5.10
-5
. t
tb2

3
1,213 0,194 0,06
H s
dn nhit
ngoi
(Kcal/m.h.
0
C)
ng

1
1
1
1
1
]
1
,
_
+

,
_
+
+
25 50
100
273 25
100
273 50
7 , 5 . 85 , 0 25 - 50 . 3 , 3
4 4
4
ng
=13,19(Kcal/ m
2
.h.)

N TT NGHIP
Nhit tr
(m
2
.h.
0
C/Kcal)
R=
69 , 1
19 , 13
1
06 , 0
05 , 0
194 , 0
115 , 0
213 , 1
23 , 0 1
+ + + +
ng i
i

Tnh kim
tra li
Nhit tnh ton : t
i
= t
i-1
-
i
i
.
R
1
(t
tr
- t
ng
) (
0
C )
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
1190 1062,29 640,16 58,62
Nhit trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
t
tb2
t
tb3
1126,15 840,08 339,31

Sai s(%)
100 .
'
tbi
tbi tbi
t
t t
1 % 1,21% 1,29 %
Q
v2
=
R
t t F
ng tn
) (
Q
v2
=
69 , 1
) 50 1190 .( 91 , 14
= 10041,11
4.2.1.2. Giai on 1000 75
0
C , L
8
= 26,6 m
Cu to l nh zn t nng
* Tn tht qua tng l:
* Vi tng l
Giai on
1000 75
0
C
t
tb
=
2
75 1000 +
=537,5
Chiu dy
(m)
0,23 0,115 0,05 0,22
Nhit
gi s
0
C
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
t
5
537,50 480 310 140 35
Nhit
trung bnh
t
tb1
=
2
2 1
t t +
t
tb2
=
2
3 2
t t +
t
tb3
=
2
4 3
t t +
t
tb4
=
2
5 4
t t +
508,75 395 225 87,50

N TT NGHIP
0
C
0
C)
1
= 0,6+55.10
-5
.
t
tb1
2
= 0,09+12,5.10
-5
.
t
tb2
3

4
=0,4+4,4.10
-5
.
t
tb4
0,880 0,139 0,06 0,404
H s
dn nhit
ngoi
(Kcal/m.h.
0
C)
ng

1
1
1
1
1
]
1
,
_
+

,
_
+
+
25 35
100
273 25
100
273 35
7 , 5 . 85 , 0 5 2 - 35 . 6 , 2
4 4
4
ng
=10,02 (Kcal/ m
2
.h.)
Nhit tr
(m
2
.h.
0
C/Kcal)
R=
56 , 2
02 , 10
1
404 , 0
22 , 0
06 , 0
05 , 0
139 , 0
115 , 0
88 , 0
23 , 0 1
+ + + + +
ng i
i

Tnh kim
tra li
Nhit tnh ton : t
i
= t
i-1
-
i
i
.
R
1
(t
tr
- t
ng
) (
0
C )
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
t
5
537,50 486,28 318,32 146,71 33,26
Nhit trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
t
tb2
t
tb3
t
tb4
511,89 399,16 228,36 86,63

Sai s(%)
100 .
'
tbi
tbi tbi
t
t t
0,62 % 1,05% 1,49% 1%
Q
T2
=
R
t t F
ng tn
) (
Q
T2
=
56 , 2
) 35 5 , 537 .( 84 , 63
= 12509,3
* i vi vm l:

N TT NGHIP
Giai on
1000
75
0
C
t
tb
=
2
75 800 +
= 437,5
0
C
Chiu dy
(m)
0,23 0,115 0,06
Nhit
gi s
0
C
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
537,50 460 240 35
Nhit
trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
=
2
2 1
t t +
t
tb2
=
2
3 2
t t +
t
tb3
=
2
4 3
t t +
498,75 350 137,50
0
C)
1
= 0,6+55.10
-5
. t
tb1

2
= 0,09+12.5 10
-5
. t
tb2

3
0,874 0,134 0,06
H s
dn nhit
ngoi
(Kcal/m.h.
0
C)
ng

1
1
1
1
1
]
1
,
_
+

,
_
+
+
25 35
100
273 25
100
273 35
7 , 5 . 85 , 0 5 2 - 35 . 3 , 3
4 4
4
ng
=11,26 (Kcal/ m
2
.h.)
Nhit
tr(m
2
.h.
0
C/
Kcal)
R=
05 , 2
26 , 11
1
06 , 0
05 , 0
134 , 0
115 , 0
874 , 0
23 , 0 1
+ + + +
ng i
i

Tnh kim
tra li
Nhit tnh ton : t
i
= t
i-1
-
i
i
.
R
1
(t
tr
- t
ng
) (
0
C )
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
537,50 472,86 248,73 35,23
Nhit trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
t
tb2
t
tb3
505,18 354,36 137,62

Sai s(%)
100 .
'
tbi
tbi tbi
t
t t
1,29% 1,25% 0,08%
Nhit tn tht qua tng l(Kcal/h)

N TT NGHIP
Q
v2
=
R
) t t ( F
ng tn

Q
v2
=
05 , 2
) 35 5 , 537 .( 34 , 69
= 17092,02
Tng tn tht nhit qua tng v vm zn lm ngui:
Khong t
0
C
Nhit tn tht (Kcal/h)
Qua tng Qua vm
1380 1000
7066,43 10041,11
1000 75
12509,3 17092,02
Tng Q
1C
19575,73 27133,13
46708,86
. 4.2.2. Tn tht nhit do sn phm v gong mang ra Q
2c
4.2.2.1 Tn tht do sn phm mang ra:
Q
1
= G
sp
. C
sp
. t
sp
(Kcal/h)
- t
sp
nhit ca sn phm ra khi l (
0
C)
(theo TL - 1) t
sp
chn t 30 80
0
C, vi trng hp nung nhit cao ta
chn t
sp
= 75
0
C.
- C
sp
t nhit ca sn phm ng vi t
sp
. Tra bng N
o
34 (I 317) ta c :
C
sp
= 0,2 + 63 . 10
-6
. 75 = 0,205 (Kcal/kg.)
- G
sp
trng lng sn phm sn phm xp vo l (kg/h)
Theo phn tnh ton trc G
sp
= 3037,08 (kg/h)
Do vy
Q
1
= 3037,08.0,205. 75 = 46695,105 (Kcal/h)
4.2.2.2 Tn tht nhit do gong mang ra :
Q
2
=
itb i
n
i
t C Gi . .
1
(Kcal/h)

N TT NGHIP
G
i
trng lng lp lt i gong (kcal/h)
t
itb
nhit trung bnh lp vt liu i (
0
C)
C
i
l t nhit trung bnh lp vt liu i (
0
C)
Gong gm 3 lp :
- Lp trn cng l khi gch cao alumin dy
1
= 0,230 m
c khi lng ring
1
= 2700 (kg/m
3
) v khi lng G
1
=1317,9
(kg/h)
T nhit C
1
= 0,2 + 60. 10
-6
.t ( Kcal/kg.)
- Lp 2 l gch samt nh c
2
= 0,230 ( m ) v G
2
=507,82
(kg/h)
T nhit C
2
= 0,2 + 63. 10
-6
.t ( Kcal/kg.)
- lp b tng chu la c
3
= 0,1( m) v G
3
= 662,38 (kg/h)
T nhit C
3
= 0,27 ( Kcal/kg.)
- lp thp dy coi nh l lp bo v
Tnh ton bng bng excel tng t nh phn tnh nhit tn tht ta c bng s
liu sau khi tnh ton sau:
* Giai on 1380 1000
0
C
Giai on
13801000
0
C
t
tb
=
2
1000 1380 +
= 1190
0
C
Chiu dy
(m)
0,23 0,23 0,1
Khi lng
kg
1317,9 507,82 662,38
T nhit
Kcal/kg.
0,2 + 60. 10
-6
.t 0,2+63. 10
-6
.t 0,27
Nhit
gi s
0
C
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
1190 940 200 45

N TT NGHIP
Nhit
trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
=
2
2 1
t t +
t
tb2
=
2
3 2
t t +
t
tb3
=
2
4 3
t t +
1065 570 122,5
0
C)
1
= 1,45+20.10
-5
. t
tb1

2
= 0,18+37.10
-5
. t
tb2

3
1,66 0,39 0,79
H s
dn nhit
ngoi
(Kcal/m.h.
0
C)
ng

1
1
1
1
1
]
1
,
_
+

,
_
+
+
30 45
100
273 30
100
273 45
7 , 5 . 85 , 0 0 3 - 45 . 6 , 1
4 4
4
ng
=8,95(Kcal/ m
2
.h.)
Nhit
tr(m
2
.h.
0
C/
Kcal)
R=
96 , 0
95 , 8
1
79 , 0
1 , 0
39 , 0
23 , 0
66 , 1
23 , 0 1
+ + + +
ng i
i

Tnh kim
tra li
Nhit tnh ton : t
i
= t
i-1
-
i
i
.
R
1
(t
tr
- t
ng
) (
0
C )
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
1190 1025,89 241,83 49,80
Nhit trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
t
tb2
t
tb3
1107,95 590,92 124,90

Sai s(%)
100 .
'
tbi
tbi tbi
t
t t
4,03% 3,67% 1,96%
Q
TL
=
itb i
n
1 i
i
t . C . G
Q
21
= 477868,5
* Giai on 1000 75
0
C

N TT NGHIP
Giai on
100075
0
C
t
tb
=
2
75 1000 +
= 537,5
0
C
Chiu dy
(m)
0,23 0,23 0,1
Khi lng
kg
1317,9 507,82 662,38
T nhit
Kcal/kg.
0,2 + 60. 10
-6
.t 0,2+63. 10
-6
.t 0,27
Nhit
gi s
0
C
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
537,50 440 90 35
Nhit
trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
=
2
2 1
t t +
t
tb2
=
2
3 2
t t +
t
tb3
=
2
4 3
t t +
488,75 265 62,50
0
C)
1
= 1,45+20.10
-5
. t
tb1

2
= 0,18+37.10
-5
. t
tb2

3
1,55 0,28 0,79
H s
dn nhit
ngoi
(Kcal/m.h.
0
C)
ng

1
1
1
1
1
]
1
,
_
+

,
_
+
+
30 35
100
273 30
100
273 35
7 , 5 . 85 , 0 0 3 - 35 . 6 , 1
4 4
4
ng
=7,92(Kcal/ m
2
.h.)
Nhit
tr(m
2
.h.
0
C/
Kcal)
R=
23 , 1
92 , 7
1
79 , 0
1 , 0
28 , 0
23 , 0
55 , 1
23 , 0 1
+ + + +
ng i
i

Tnh kim
tra li
Nhit tnh ton : t
i
= t
i-1
-
i
i
.
R
1
(t
tr
- t
ng
) (
0
C )
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
537,50 476,72 101,69 38,23
Nhit trung bnh
0
C
t
tb1
t
tb2
t
tb3
507,11 270,85 64,12

N TT NGHIP
Sai s(%)
100 .
'
tbi
tbi tbi
t
t t
3,76% 2,21% 2,58%
Q
TL
=
itb i
n
1 i
i
t . C . G
Q
22
= 191420,18
Vy tn tht nhit do sn phm v gong mang ra :
Q
2c
= 46695,105 + 477868,5+191420,18= 715983,785 (Kcal/h)
4.2.3. Nhit tn tht qua mt di ca nn gong : Q
3c
4.2.3.1 Giai on 1380 1000 ; L = 5,7 ( m)
Q
1
= (t
tb
- t
kk
) .
ng
. F
1
- t
tb
chn t (60 80)
0
C (TL - 1) chn t
tb
= 80
0
C
(t
tb
l nhit trung bnh di nn gong)
- t
kk
nhit khng kh di nn gong chn = (40 60)
0
C
Chn t
kk
= 50
0
C
ng

1
1
1
1
1
]
1
,
_
+

,
_
+
+
50 80
100
273 50
100
273 80
7 , 5 . 85 , 0 0 5 - 0 8 . 6 , 1
4 4
4
ng
=11,24(Kcal/ m
2
.h.)
Q
1
= (80 - 50) . 11,24 . 5,7.1,93 = 3709,54 (Kcal/h)
4.2.3.2 Giai on 1000 75 ; L = 26,6 m
Q
2
= (t
tb
- t
kk
) .
ng
. F
2
- t
tb
chn t
tb
= 70
0
C
t
kk
= 40
0
C

N TT NGHIP
ng

1
1
1
1
1
]
1
,
_
+

,
_
+
+
40 70
100
273 40
100
273 70
70 7 , 5 . 85 , 0 0 4 - 0 7 . 6 , 1
4 4
4
ng
=10,6(Kcal/ m
2
.h.)
Q
2
= (70 - 40) . 10,6 . 26,6.1,93 = 16325,46 (Kcal/h)
Vy Q
3c
= 3709,54 + 16325,46 = 20035 (Kcal/h)
.4.2.4. Nhit tr tn tht do khng kh dng cho qu trnh chy Q
4c

khon nhit ny chnh bng khon nhit thu zn t nng v nung Q
4a

Q
4c
= Q
4a
= 13098,304 (Kcal/h)
4.2.5. Nhit ca khng kh ly i dng vo mc ch khc
Q
5c
= X . C
kk
. t
kk
(Kcal/h)
Trong X l lng khng kh dng vo mc ch khc (m
3
/h)
t
kk
nhit khng kh nng ly i chn = 400
0
C
C
kk
t nhit tng ng t
kk
C
kk
=
100
1
.(C
N2
. 79 + 21 . C
O2
) (TL - 1)
C
kk
=
100
1
.( 79 . 0,3146 + 21 . 0,3291) = 0,317 (Kcal/kg.)
Q
5c
= 0,317 . 400 . X = 126,8.X (Kcal/h)
4.2.6. Cc khon nhit tn tht khng tnh c: Q
6c
Q
6c
= 10% (Q
1c
+ Q
2c
+

Q
3c
+ Q
4c
+ Q
5c
)
Q
6c
= 0,1.( 46708,86+ 715983,785 +20035 + 13098,304 + 126,8 . X)
Q
6c
=0,1.(795825,949 + 126,8 . X)
Q
6c
= 79582,595+ 12,68 . X (Kcal/h)

Bng nhit thu chi ca zn lm ngui
Nhit thu Gi tr (kcal/h) Nhit chi Gi tr (Kcal/h)
Nhit do Nhit tn tht

N TT NGHIP
sn phm
mang t zn
nung sang
2927565,61 qua tng v
vm
46708,86
Nhit l hc
cu khng
kh vo zn
lm ngui
lm
ngui sn
phm
7,725.X +27386,918
Nhit tn tht do
sn phm v
gong mang ra 715983,785
Nhit tn tht
qua mt di
ca nn gong
20035
Nhit tn tht
theo kh dng
trong qu trnh
chy
13098,304
Nhit tn tht
theo lng kh
nng ly i dng
vo mc ch
khc
126,8 . X
Nhit tn tht
khng tnh c 79582,595+ 12,68 . X
Tng Q
T
7,725.X+2954952,728 Tng Q
chi
139,48 .X + 875402,544
Thnh lp cn bng nhit
Q
thu
= Q
chi
7,725.X+2954952,728= 139,48 .X + 875402,544
X = 15783,463 (m
3
/h)
Vy : nhit l hc ca khng kh vo zn lm ngui lm ngui sn phm

N TT NGHIP
Q
2t
= 7,725 . 15783,463+27386,918 = 149314,17(Kcal/h)
Nhit ca khng kh nng ly i dng vo mc ch khc
Q
5c
= 126,8 . 15783,463 = 2001343,108 (Kcal/h)
- Cc khon nhit tn tht khng tnh c:
Q
6c
=79582,595+ 12,68. 15783,463 = 279716,906(Kcal/h)
Bng nhit thu chi ca zn lm ngui
Nhit thu Gi tr (kcal/h) Nhit chi Gi tr (Kcal/h)
Nhit do sn
phm v
gong mang t
zn nung sang
2927565,61
Nhit tn tht qua tng
v vm
46708,86
Nhit l hc
cu khng kh
vo zn lm
ngui lm
ngui sn
phm
118939,083
Nhit tn tht do sn
phm v gong mang ra 715983,785
Nhit tn tht qua mt
di ca nn gong
20035
Nhit tn tht theo kh
dng trong qu trnh chy
34527,515
Nhit tn tht theo lng
kh nng ly i dng vo
mc ch khc
1952294,586
Nhit tn tht khng
tnh c
276954,975
Tng Q
Thu
3076879,98 Tng Q
chi
3076879,963

N TT NGHIP
Sai s tnh ton
100 .
3076879,98
3 3076879,96 3076879,98
= 5,53 . 10
-7
(%)
chp nhn kt qu tnh ton

Bng cn bng nhit
Khon
nhit
Khu vc
Gi tr
(Kcal/h)
Tng
Nhit thu Zn t nng v zn nung 3735853,822 6812733,802
Zn lm ngui 3076879,98
Nhit chi Zn t nng v zn nung 3735851,068 6812731,031
Zn lm ngui 3076879,963
sai s tnh ton :
100 .
2 6812733,80
1 6812731,03 2 6812733,80
= 4,07 . 10
-5
(%)
chp nhn kt qu tnh ton
5. Tnh v chn thit b ph cho l nung :
5.1. Thit b y goong :
C nhiu loi thit b y gong vo nh :
Loi trc vt .
Loi xch .
Loi thu lc .
Ngoi ra cng c th dng h thng ti y gong.
Qua so snh ta thy, trong cc loi thit b trn th thit b y thu lc c nhiu
u im hn c .
Lc y ca chng tng dn khi bt u chy v gim dn khi ngng chy. Do
xe gong chuyn ng m hn c m khng t ngt chy hay t ngt dng,
trnh hin tng x gch.

N TT NGHIP
Sc cha ca l l: G
c
= 182,22 (tn/l)
Khi lng ca gong v ca gch trong l l:
G = G
gong
+ G
c
= 186,04+ 182,22 = 368,22 (tn/l)
H s ma st gia bnh xe v ng ray f = 0,11
Lc ma st:
F = f.G = 0,11.368,22 = 40,5 (tn)
y c xe gong ny th my phi thng c lc ma st trn
Cc thng s k thut ca thit b y thu lc :
+ Lc y : 60 tn .
+ Chiu di mi ln y : 1,1 m.
+ p lc du trong pittng : 200 at.
+ tit din ngang ca xilanh : 200cm
2
.
+ S lng : 2 chic.
- i vi hm sy chn thit b y gong nh sau:
Lc y : 20 tn
Tc y : 1,2 m/pht
p sut du :1,2 m
5.2. ng khi :
Cc s liu :
+ Lng kh thi : V
k
= B.V

= 307,826. 18,018 = 5546,409 (m
3
/h).
+ Nhit nn ng khi t = 200
0
C.
+ Nhit mi trng xung quanh t
mt
= 25
o
C.
+ khi ny do qut ht v y l nung a sang.
+ v ng khi c xy bi 2 lp gch :

Tn vt liu
Gch cao
alumuin
Samot nh
B tong chu
nhit
Thp
Khi lng
(tn/l)
102,83 30,47 39,74 13
G
gong
186,04
N TT NGHIP
Lp trong cng : gch samt A
Lp ngoi cng : Gch .
+ Chiu cao ng khi, chn H = 30m.
+ng knh trn : 1m
+ ng knh di : 2,2 m
5.3. Vi t nhin liu
t nhin liu lng ni chung , du FO ni ring. Ta dng vi phun bin
nhin liu thnh git bi , nhm mc ch cho qu trnh chy d dng hn .
+ Loi vi phun p sut thp vi tc nhn to bi l khng kh t qut gi
+ Loi p sut cao dng tc nhn l hi nc hoc khng kh nn p sut cao.
+ Loi vi t c kh
Qua phn tch nh gi thc t, hin nay cc l nung tuynel nung VLCL hay s
dng loi vi phun p sut cao tn dng nhiu khng kh nng hn
- Chn loi vi phun p sut cao loi sukhov
- Nng sut ca tt c cc vi phun :
B = 307,826 (kg/h) = 0,0855 (kg/s)
-Tng ng knh ng dn FO trong h thng vi phun .
d=2.
F
(mm)
Trong :
F: tit din l thot du.
F=
W
B
.
(m
2
) [II- 201]
: l khi lng ring ca du FO 25
0
C ( =938 kg/m
3
)
w:tc ca du t w= 0,10,8 (m/s), chn w=0,5 (m/s).
F =
5 , 0 . 938
0855 , 0
= 1,823. 10
-4
(m
2
) =182,3(mm
2
)
d =2
14 , 3
3 , 182
.
= 15,239 (mm)
*Chn s lng vi phun:
- Zn nung di : 20(m)
- S gong cha trong zn nung l : N =
23 , 2
20
= 8,968 (gong)

N TT NGHIP
- Nu b tr vi phun hai bn so le nhau, c 1,12(m) b tr mt vi.
Tng s vi phun s l:
n =
12 , 1
20 . 2
= 36(vi)
*ng knh cu mt vi phun l:
d
v
=
36
239 , 15
= 0,423(mm)
*Nng sut ca mt vi phun l:
B
1
=
36
0855 , 0
= 2,375.10
-3
(kg/s)
5.4. Chn qut :
Theo thit k s dng nhng qut nh sau :
5.4.1. Qut chn kh u l v lm mt vm l
S lng : dng 2 ci mc song song 2 bn thnh l:1 hot ng ,1 d phng.
Cc thng s k thut chnh :
Lu lng : Q = L
0
.B =10,015. 307,826= 3082,877(m
3
/h)
Chn Q= 3500 (m
3
/h)
p lc qut : H= 300 mm H
2
O = 3000N/m
2
Tra biu chn qut (TL5-482):Chn qut ly tm 4-70 N
0
4
H s hu ch = 0.7
Tc quay = 300 (rad/s)
Tnh cng sut in trc ng c :
N=
c
g H Q
1000 3600
. .
( KW) [( II 240 ,s tay ha cng 1-463hay TL5)

c
h s truyn lc., chn
c
= 0,95
N =
95 , 0 7 , 0 1000 3600
10 300 3500

= 4,386 ( KW )
Cng sut ng c thc t :
N
c
= k. N
k h s d tr , tra bng II.48 (TL5 464), k = 1,2
N
c
= 1,2 . 4,386 = 5,263 ( KW )

N TT NGHIP
Nguyn tc hot ng :
Khng kh lnh c qut thi qua h thng ng dn,cp cho cc vi
phun ,phun vo l ti mc pha trn st vm l(phn trn khi xp)gia cc khe
khi xp .Tc dng ca chng l lm gim nhit pha trn vm v phn khi xp
pha trn,to mng kh, chn kh ny i ra v khng kh lnh i vo .

5.4.2. Qut ht kh thi l nung :
S lng : 2 chic mc song song mt chy, mt d phng
* Lu lng qut Q = B.V

= 307,826. 18,018 = 5546,409 (m
3
/h).
* Xc nh tr lc qut cn phi thng :
5.4.2.1 .Tr lc ti zn nung
+p sut cn thit thng tr lc do ma st :
.
2 .
.
.
2
D
w L
p
m
) / (
2
m N
Trong :

5 , 1
) 2 , 1 2 ( 2
2 , 1 . 2 . 4 . 4
+

C
f
D
m - ng knh tng ng ca lng l-
L =20 m -Chiu di zn nung-
W= 3 m/s - Vn tc kh trong l

=0,05 - H s ma st -
) / ( 227 , 0
1380 273
25 273
. 3 , 1 .
3
0
0
m kg
T
T
+
+
-

) / ( 681 , 0
2 . 5 , 1
227 , 0 . 3 . 0 2
. 05 , 0
2
2
m N p
m

+p sut cn thit duy tr tc n nh cho dng chy, p sut ng
hc,
.
2
2
w
p
d
= ) / ( 021 , 1 227 , 0 .
2
3
2
2
m N
+p sut thng tr lc do lp xp

o c
w
p .
2
.
2
= 9. ) / ( 194 , 9 227 , 0 .
2
3
2
2
m N

:H s cn :
= 0,45.L = 0,45.20= 9

N TT NGHIP
+Tng p sut cn khc phc zn nung :
p
n
= 0,681 +1,021 +9,194 = 10,896 ) / (
2
m N
5.4.2.2 Tr lc ti zn t nng
+ p sut cn thit thng tr lc do ma st :

dn
dn
dn
mdn
D
w L
p .
2 .
.
.
2

) / (
2
m N
L
n
= 33,7 m , chiu di zn t nng
D
dn
= 1,5m , ng knh tng ng

C t
tb
0
5 , 562
2
1100 25

464 , 0
273 5 , 562
273 25
. 3 , 1 .
0
0

+
+

dn
dn
dn
T
T

Kg/
3
m

) / ( 35 , 2 464 , 0
2 . 5 , 1
3 . 7 , 33
. 05 , 0
2
2
m N x p
dn

+ p sut cn thit duy tri tc dng kh trong l:

dn ddn
w
p .
2
2
) / (
2
m N
p
ddn
= ) / ( 088 , 2 464 , 0 .
2
3
2
2
m N
+p sut thng tr lc do lp xp

o c
w
p .
2
.
2
= 15,165. ) / ( 665 , 31 464 , 0 .
2
3
2
2
m N

:H s cn :
= 0,45.L = 0,45.33,7= 15,165

+Tng p sut cn khc phc zn t nng :
p
dn
= 2,35 +2,088 +31,665 = 36,103 ) / (
2
m N

N TT NGHIP
5.4.2.3 Tr lc ng dn
S b tr ng ng ht kh thi
ng dn ni vi l gm 8 ng chia lm 2 bn l, b tr st nn gong , ng knh
d
o
= 0,2 m.
ng trung tm c ng knh d
tt
= 0,4 m
a. p sut cn thit thng tr lc trong ng r nhnh
+ lu lng kh thi trong 1 ng r nhnh
V
rn
=
) / ( 300 , 693
8
5546,409
3
h m
+ Tit din ca 1 ng r nhnh :

ng trung tm

2,65 m

1,655 m
0,5 m
ng r nhnh
Hnh chiu ng

1,55 m
N TT NGHIP
f
o
= ) ( 0314 , 0
4
2 , 0 . 14 , 3
4
.
2
2 2
m
d

.
+ Vn tc ca dng kh trong ng r nhnh :
w
o
=
) / ( 184 , 6
3600 . 049 , 0
300 , 693
s m
+ p sut cn thit khc phc tr lc do ma st
o
o
o mo
d
w L
p .
. 2
.
.
2

(N/ )
2
m .
Trong :

o
0,025 , h s ma st.
L
o
= 1,655 + 1,55 =3,205 m ,chiu di ng dn.

) / ( 84 . 0
273 150
273
. 3 , 1
3
m kg
o

+

,khi lng ring ca kh thi

) / ( 435 , 26 84 , 0 .
2 , 0 . 2
184 , 6 . 205 , 3
. 025 , 0
2
2
m N p
mo

+ p sut cn thit khc phc tr lc cc b trn ng ng r nhnh

o
2
o to
.
2
w
. p (N/ )
2
m
++) Tr lc cc b ng vi gc vung g trn.

6 , 1
1 o

C 2 gc vung :
397 , 51 2 . 84 , 0 .
2
184 , 6
. 6 , 1
2
1

to
p (N/ )
2
m
++) t thu t trong l vo ng

49 , 0 0131 , 0
4 , 2
0314 , 0
2
0

f
f
87 , 7 84 , 0 .
2
184 , 6
. 49 , 0
2
2

to
p (N/ )
2
m
++) t m t ng nh vo ng trung tm :

64 , 0 25 , 0
1256 , 0
0314 , 0

tt
o
f
f
Vi f
tt
l tit din ca ng trung tm

N TT NGHIP
f
tt
=
4
.
2
d
=
4
4 , 0 . 14 , 3
2
=0,1256 (m
2
)
279 , 10 84 , 0 .
2
184 , 6
. 64 , 0
2
3

to
p (N/ )
2
m
++) Tng tr lc cc b

+ +
3 2 1 to to to to
p p p p
51,397+7,87+10,279=69,546 (N/ )
2
m
+ p sut cn thit duy tr vn tc dng kh trong ng
) / ( 062 , 16 84 , 0 .
2
184 , 6
.
2
2
2
2
m N
w
p
o
o
do

+ p sut cn thit nng dng kh ln cao

) / ( 638 , 13 655 , 1 . 81 , 9 . 84 , 0 . .
2
m N h g p
o Ho

+ tng p sut cn khc phc trong 1 ng r nhnh l:
) / ( 681 , 105 546 , 69 062 , 16 638 , 13 435 , 6
2
m N p p p p p
to do Ho mo o
+ + + + + +
b. p sut cn thit khc phc tr lc trong ng trung tm
ng knh ng trung tm , d
tt
= 0,4( m )
Tit din ng trung tm , f
tt
= 0,1256 (m
2
)
ng knh tng ng ca ng trung tm, D
tt
= 0,5( m)
Vn tc dng kh trong ng trung tm, w
tt
=
) / ( 368 , 12
3600 . 1256 , 0
5546,409
s m
Chiu di ng trung tm, L
tt
= 2,65 m
H s ma st trong ng trung tm,
tt
=0,025
+ p sut cn thit khc phc tr lc do ma st :

641 , 10 84 , 0 .
5 , 0 . 2
368 , 12 . 65 , 2
. 025 , 0 .
. 2
.
.
2
2

tt
tt
tt tt
tt mtt
D
w L
p
(N/ )
2
m
;
+ p sut cn thit duy tr vn tc dng chy n nh trong ng trung tm
246 , 64 84 , 0 .
2
368 , 12
.
2
2
2

tt
tt
dtt
w
p (N/ )
2
m ;
+ Tng tr lc ng trung tm:

N TT NGHIP

) / ( 887 , 74 246 , 64 , 641 , 10
2
m N p p p
dtt mtt tt
+ +
Vy tng tr lc cn phi thng:
) / ( 324 , 967
36,103 10,896 681 , 105 . 8 877 , 74 . 8
2
m N
p p p p p
dn n o tt
+ + + + + +

= 98,606(mm H
2
O)
Ly
= 1,2 kg/
3
m 25 C
0
th
866 , 140
84 , 0
606 , 98
. 2 , 1 . 2 , 1 '
p
p
( mm
O H
2
);
Tra biu chn qut:
Chn qut ly tm 4- 70
0
N 6[V-503]
Chn Lu lng qut L = 6000 (m
3
/h)
p lc qut 200 mm
O H
2

S vng quay n = 90 rad/s
H s hu ch = 0,7
Tnh cng sut trc ng c

013 , 5
7 , 0 . 95 , 0 . 1000 . 3600
10 . 200 . 6000
. . 1000 . 3600
. .

c
dc
g H L
N
(Kw)
Cng sut in trc ng c thc t dng
(k-H s d tr, k=1,2 [V-556])

) ( 016 , 6 013 , 5 . 2 , 1 . Kw k N N
dc

5.4.3.Qut lm ngui nhanh sn phm.
*Tnh lng khng kh cn thi vo lm ngui nhanh .
- Khng kh c thi vo zn lm ngui c nhit 25
0
C
c lp sn phm lm nng ln n nhit 500
0
C.
- L
ngnh
: lng khng kh lnh cn a vo lm ngui nhanh
sn phm
- t
tb1
=
2
25 500 +
= 262,5
0
C
-
ngnh
= 1,3.
5 , 262 273
273
+
= 0,66(kg/m
3
)
- C: t nhit ca khng kh t
tb1
(Kcal/kg.).

N TT NGHIP
C = 0,79.C
2
N + 0,21. C
2
O
= 0,79.0,3114 + 0,21.0,318
= 0,313 (kcal /kg. )
- C
sp
: t nhit ca sn phm (Kcal/kg.)
C
sp
= 0,2 + 63 . 10
-6
. 1090
= 0,2687(Kcal/kg.)
Phng trnh cn bng nhit:
L
ngnh
.
ngnh
.C
ngnh
.(500-25) = G
sp
.C
sp
.(1380-1000)
L
ngnh
.0,66.0,313.(500-25)=3037,08.0,2687.(1380-
1000)
L
ngnh
=3160,3 m
3
/h
-Vi lu lng L
ngnh
= 3160,3 (m
3
/h)
- p lc qut H = 300 mm
O H
2

Cn c vo biu chn qut:
Chn qut ly tm 4-70N
0
6
Tc = 90 (rad/s)
- H s hu ch = 0,7
- Tnh cng sut trc ng c:
N
c
=
C
. . 1000 . 3600
H . L

(Kw)

c
h s truyn lc.Chn
c
=0,98
N
c
=
98 , 0 . 7 , 0 . 1000 . 3600
10 . 300 . 3 , 3160
= 3,85 (Kw)
Chn k = 1,15
Vy cng sut ng c N = k.N
c
= 1,15.3,85= 4,43 (kw)
5.4.4. Qut lm ngui chm sn phm.
- Lng khng kh cn thit lm ngui sn phm v cc thnh phn khc:
L
lng
= X + B.L
= 15783,463 +307,826 .11,517 =19328,696 (m

3
/h).
- Lu lng ca qut lm ngui chm l:

N TT NGHIP
L
3
= L
lng
L
lnnh
= 19328,696 3160,3 = 16168,396 (m
3
/h)
S dng 2 qut mc song song, mt qut chy v mt qut d phng
-p lc H=200 mm
O H
2
L=16168,396 (m
3
/h)
Cn c vo biu chn qut:
Chn qut ly tm 4-70N
0
7
Tc = 140 (rad/s)
H s hu ch = 0,6
N
c
=
C
. . 1000 . 3600
H . L

(Kw)

c
h s truyn lc.Chn
c
=0,98
N
c
=
98 , 0 . 6 , 0 . 1000 . 3600
10 . 200 . 16168,396
= 15,32(kw) ;
Chn h s d tr : k = 1,15
- Cng sut thc ca ng c: N = k.N
c
= 1,1 . 15,32= 16,852(kw)
5.4.5. Qut cung cp khng kh nng cho vi t
Kh cung cp cho vi t c ly t zn lm lnh nhanh, i vi
vi phun cao p lng kh ny chim x% trong hn hp kh cp vo
t nhin liu,hn hp kh ny c nhit l 300
0
C. Gi x l
% lng khng kh nng ly t zone lm ngui nhanh
C
500
= 0,33 kcal/kg., =
0
. 463 , 0
273 500
273 25
. 2 , 1
0
+
+
T
T
(kg/m
3
)
C
300
= 0,313 kacl/kg. , =
0
. 624 , 0
273 300
273 25
. 2 , 1
0
+
+
T
T
(kg/m
3
)
C
25
= 0,302 kcal/kg., =1,2(kg/m
3
)
Ta c phng trnh cn bng nhit
300 . . . 100 25 . . ). 100 ( 500 . . .
250 23 500
C C x C x +

N TT NGHIP

300 . 313 , 0 . 624 , 0 . 100 25 . 302 , 0 . 2 , 1 ). 100 ( 500 . 33 , 0 . 463 , 0 . + x x
x = 73,5%
vy lng kh nng ly ra t zone lm ngui nhanh trn vi
khng kh cung cp cho vi t chim 73,5%
- Lu lng khng kh cn thit l:
L
4
= 0,735.B.L
= 0,735.307,826.11,517= 2605,746 (m
3
/h)
S dng 2 qut mc song song, mt qut chy v mt d phng
+Cc thng s:
- Lu lng: 3000 (m
3
/h)
- p lc qut : H = 2500 N/m
2
Tra biu chn qut:
Chn qut 4-70N
0
2
Tc = 350(rad/s)
H s hu ch = 0,7
N
c
=
C
. . 1000 . 3600
2500 . 3000
(Kw)

c
h s truyn lc.Chn
c
= 0,98
N
c
=
98 , 0 . 7 , 0 . 1000 . 3600
2500 . 000 3
= 3,04 (kw).
T N
c
suy ra h s d tr k = 1,15
- Vy cng sut ng c:
N = k.N
c
= 1,15.3,04 = 3,5 (kw).

5.4.6 Qut chn kh cui l :
S lng : 2 chic : 1 hot ng v 1 d phng.
+ Cc thng s k thut chnh
- Lu lng: L = 3600(m
3
/h)
- p lc qut: H = 2000 N/m
2

N TT NGHIP
+Tra biu chn qut:
Chn qut ly tm 4-70 N
0
4
Tc = 300 (rad/s)
H s hu ch = 0,7
- Tnh cng sut in trc ng c:
N
c
=
C
. . 1000 . 3600
H . L

Vi
c
: l h s truyn trc chn
c
=0,98
N
c
=
98 , 0 . 7 , 0 . 1000 . 3600
2000 . 3600
= 2,92 (kw)
- Cng sut ng c:
N=k.N
c
vi k l h s d tr, k=1,15
N=1,15.2,92 = 3,4 (kw)
5.4.7.Qut ht kh nng zn lm ngui chm a i sy.
S dng 2 qut mc song song, mt qut chy v mt d phng
+Cc thng s:
- Lu lng ca qut:
L
6
= L
lng
- L
4
= 19328,696 2605,746 = 16722,95(m
3
/h)
- p lc qut : H=200 mm
O H
2
0
12
-Lu lng 20000 (m
3
/h) [V -584]
Tc = 110 (rad/s)
H s hu ch = 0,6
+Tnh cng sut trc ng c:
N
c
=
C
. . 1000 . 3600
. H . L

(kw)
c
h s truyn lc.Chn
c
=0,98
N
c
=
98 , 0 . 7 , 0 . 1000 . 3600
10 . 200 . 20000
=16,2(kw) ; H s d tr tra bng k = 1,1
- Vy cng sut ng c:

N TT NGHIP
N = k.N
c
= 1,1.16,2 = 17,82(kw)
5.4.8.Qut ht kh nng zn lm lnh nhanh a i sy.
Tc dng ca qut ny l ht phn khng kh nng sau khi lm ngui nhanh a ra
ng khi.Qut ny c lp van khng ch lu lng tng ng vi lng kh nng
dng cho mc ch t nng.
S lng : 2 chic : 1 hot ng v 1 d phng.
+ Cc thng s k thut chnh
- Lu lng: L = 2000(m
3
/h)
- p lc qut: H = 1000 N/m
2
Tra biu chn qut:
0
3
S vng quay n=260 rad/s
H s hu ch = 0,6
H s hu ch = 0,7
- Tnh cng sut in trc ng c:
N
c
=
C
H L
. . 1000 . 3600
.
Vi
c
: l h s truyn trc chn
c
=0,98
N
c
=
98 , 0 . 6 , 0 . 1000 . 3600
1000 . 2000
= 0,95 (kw)
- Cng sut ng c:
N=k.N
c
vi k l h s d tr, k=1,3
N=1,3.0,95 = 1,235 (kw)
5.5. Hm sy :
- Hm sy c xy bng cc vt liu nh sau:
Tng l c xy bng gch dy 345 (mm).
Sc cha ca hm sy l 8 xe.
Chiu rng bn trong hm l 2 (m)

N TT NGHIP
Chiu di hm 36 (m)
Chiu cao bn trong hm ( tnh t mt gong l 1,35 m)
Nhit vo 180
o
C
Nhit ra 80
o
C
Ca vo l ca cun
Ca ra l ca c ng bng then.
Gong c a vo l bng kch y thu lc, c chuyn ti l nung
bng xe ph.
Tc y gong :Lng gch a vo sy l G=G
2a
+G
2b
=11681,06+17521,6
G=29202,66 (T/n)
Khi lng mi xe:G
g
= 4,67(T/xe gong)
Tc y gong : v =
) / ( 343 , 1
66 , 29202
24 . 350 . 67 , 4
xe h

N TT NGHIP
CHNG IV : PHN XY DNG
I. A IM XY DNG NH MY
Vic la chn a im xy dng nh my c gii thiu phn m u, di
y ch gii thiu li mt s nt chnh nh sau:
- a im xy dng nm trong khu cng nghip Tin Sn tnh Bc Ninh, khu cng
nghip nm cnh quc l cao tc H Ni- Bc Ninh- Lng Sn. Cch th H Ni
khong 20 km, cch trung tm tnh Bc Ninh khong 10 km.
- Tng din tch khu t d kin xy dng l 22800 (m
2
). Chiu di l 190 (m).
Chiu rng l 120 (m).
- Nh my xy dng theo hng gi ch o ca khu cng nghip chn, hng
gi ng nam, cng ra vo nh my m ra hng ng.
- Nhng iu kin chung ca khu cng nghip nh giao thng, kh hu, kinh t, x
hi, dn c, ngun nguyn liu, iu kin tiu th sn phm rt thun li cho vic
xy dng mt nh my VLCL kim tnh ti y.
II.THUYT MINH TNG TH MT BNG NH MY
Mt bng nh my c b tr theo nguyn tc phn vng hp vi dy chuyn
cng ngh, trong tng vng c tnh n hp khi nh.Nh my c phn thnh cc
vng chnh nh sau:
1 Vng sn sut chnh
- Vng sn xut b tr cc nh my v cng trnh nm trong dy chuyn sn xut
chnh ca nh my. y l vng quan trng nht ca nh my nn khu ny c u
tin v iu kin a hnh, a cht cng nh v hng. Vng ny bao gm cc
phn xng sn sut chnh:
- Phn xng nguyn liu
- Phn xng to hnh
- Phn xng sy nung
Vng ny sinh nhiu bi v ting n nn c b tr cui hng gi ch o.
- Nh kho nguyn liu

N TT NGHIP
L h thng nh khung, ko thp mi lp tn c tng gch chn cao 3 m. Nh c
chiu di (L)24 (m), cao 6 (m), trong nh b tr tuyn giao thng rng 6 (m) cho
t ra vo vn chuyn nguyn liu.
- Nh gia cng nguyn liu : L h thng nh khung b tng ct thp xy tng
gch bao che: bao gm 2 khi nh: khi 1 rng 13 m, di 54 m, cao 33 m, khi 2
rng 7 m, di 54 m cao 8 m.
- Nh to hnh : L h thng nh khung, ko thp, mi lp tn, bao che xung quanh
bng tn. Nh c L= 24 m, cao 12 m (tnh t nh ct) ,di 18 m.
- Trm iu phiin : L h thng nh khung, ko thp mi lp tn c ca mi,
bao che pha ngoi bng tn, pha trong tip gip vi cc phn xng khc c bao
che bng gch. Nh c L= 24 m, di 12 m n c lin ho mt khi vi nh c
in v khu vc ng bao thnh phm.
-Nh c kh phc v: L h thng nh khung ko thp. Rng 24 m, di 18 m, cao 6
m.
- Nh ng gi kho thnh phm: rng 24 m, di 84m, cao 6 m.
- Nh l nung: Rng 24 m, di18 m, cao 6 m, c h thng ca mi chiu sng v
thot nhit.
2 .Vng ph tr sn xut
- Vng ny gm cc xng: xng in, xng c kh, trm nhin liu, trm cp
nc, phng th nghim. Cc xng ny b tr dc theo nh sn sut chnh.
+Cm nh hnh chnh phc v bao gm:
-Nh thng trc bo v: Nh kt cu tng chu lc, mi b tng ct thp:di 4
m, rng 5 m, cao 3,6 m.
- Nh ga ra xe p xe my : Kt cu khung thp mi tn, xy tng bao che bng
gch : Rng 4,5 m, di 20 m.
- Nh hnh chnh : L khu nh b tng ct thp 2 tng, rng 9 m, di 36 m.
- Nh th nghim, nghin cu : L nh khung b tng ct thp 2 tng, rng 9 m, di
18 m.
- Ga ra t: Xy tng chu lc, x ko thp, mi lp tn.
- Vic phn vng nh trn c nhng u, nhc im sau:

N TT NGHIP
+ u im:
Ph hp vi kh hu xy dng nc ta, d b tr mt bng khi thit k, b tr
ng giao thng ni b v m bo mi trng cho nh my, d m rng nh my
sau ny.
+ Nhc im
Dy chuyn cng ngh ko di dn ti cc h thng ng ng ko di theo, h s
xy dng v h s s dng thp.
3.Kin trc cng trnh
c im ca nh my silicat l s dng nhiu my mc, thit b gy bi v ting
n, do yu cu thit k cc cng trnh mt cch hp l sao cho to c s thng
gi, thong mt, thot bi v chng n nhm gim mc nhim cho cn b,
cng nhn vin lm vic trong nh my, ng thi y nhanh tin thi cng cc
cng trnh, d dng khi thay th. Nh my s dng dng kt cu chnh l:
- Kiu kt cu khung thp Zamill steel. Khi gia cng mng, nh my s dng dng
mng b tng ct thp ton khi sau bt vt bulng vi thp tr.
Bng tng kt cc cng trnh xy dng trong nh my:
Stt Tn cng trnh Kt cu Di (m)
Rng
(m)
Cao (m)
Din
tch
(m
2
)
1 Phng bo v BTCT 4 5 3,6 20
2 Ga ra t Khung thp 12 6 3,6 72
3
Nh xe p,xe
my
Khung thp 12 6 3,6 72
4
Phng gii thiu sn
phm
BTCT 4 5 3,6 20
5
Nh hnh chnh +
nh n
BTCT
(2 tng)
36 9 9 324
6 Nh th nghim
BTCT
(2 tng)
18 9 9 162
7 Trm in BTCT 6 6 3,6 36
8 Trm cp nc BTCT 6 6 3,6 36
9 Nh nhin liu Khung thp 24 12 6 288
10 Nh kho nguyn liu Khung thp 54 24 6 1296

N TT NGHIP
11
Nh gia cng nguyn
liu
Khung thp
Khi 1
Tng 1, 2,5
Tng 3,4
Khi 2
Tng 1
Tng 2
54
54
54
54
54
54
13
13
13
7
7
7
33
4,5
6
8,4
4
4
702
702
702
378
378
378
12 Nh to hnh Khung thp 18 24 12 432
13 Trm iu phi in Khung thp 24 12 12 288
14 Nh c kh Khung thp 18 24 6 432
15
Nh ng gi sn
phm
Khung thp 84 24 6 2016
16 Nh l nung Khung thp 96 24 6 2304
17
Tng din tch xy
dng cc cng trnh
S
1
- - - - 8878
-Cc ch tiu nh gi tng mt bng nh my:
- Din tch khu t xy dng:
S = 190.120 = 22800 (m
2
).
-Din tch xy dng cc cng trnh:
S
1
= 8626(m
2
)
- Din tch ng t:
S
2
= 170.3.6 + 90.2.6 = 4140 ( m
2
).
Din tch cy xanh:
S
3
= S - S
1
- S
2
- S
3
= 22800- 8878 - 4140 =9782 (m
2
).
Chiu di hng ro bo v
L = 2.(190 +110) = 600 (m).
H s xy dng:
K
1
=
S
S
1
.100% =
22800
8878
.100% = 38,93 (%)

N TT NGHIP
H s s dng K
2
=
S
S S
2 1
+
.100% = =
22800
4140 8878 +
.100% = 57%
H s xy dng theo tiu chun i vi cc nh my vt liu xy dng l t 25-
40%, cn h s s dng t 65- 70% .
Vy : cc h s nh hn tiu chun, nhng chn din tch ln hn phng khi m
rng sn xut.
.
CHNG V : PHN IN NC
I.IN
Ngun in cung cp cho nh my thng qua li in 110/22 kv ( 2 my x 4
MVA ca khu cng nghip) sau h th dn n nh my.
in c s dng trong nh my bao gm:
+ in chiu sng

N TT NGHIP
+ in chy my
1. in chiu sng
in dng chiu sng c 3 hnh thc chiu sng:
- Chiu sng u: Din tch c chiu sng c sng u.
- Chiu sng b phn: To sng c bit nhng ni cn.
- Chiu sng kt hp 2 phng php trn.
Qua thc t nh gi, phng php chiu sng u l kinh t nht v nh
sng ph hp vi mt nht.
Nn nh my s chn hnh thc chiu sng u.
- S dng kiu chiu sng trc tip.
- S dng cc loi bng trn - bng n ng.
* Cch tnh quang thng ca mi n
lumen
N
Z . K . S . E
F
Trong :
F: Quang thng mi n (lumen)
E: Tiu chun chiu sng nh nht (lux)
S: Din tch cn chiu sng (m
2
)
K: H s d tr
N: S n
: H s li dng quang thng
y: i lng S c tnh theo tng cng trnh cn chiu sng cc i lng
cn li c tra bng.
+Chn cch b tr n: B tr i xng to hnh vung, xy
dng ch s hnh phng theo cng thc :

) rng di ( Cao
rng Di
i
+
Chiu cao tnh t n n mt lm vic.

N TT NGHIP
- chiu sng tiu chun nh nht E(lux) chn bng 14-1, 14-
2, 14-3, tu thuc khu vc cng trinh.
-Din tch cn chiu sng bit (S).
-H s li dng
tra theo bng 16.

-H s d tr K chn theo bng 18.
-N s n chn tu tng khu vc, phng ban.
-H s chiu sng nh nht Z tra theo bng 17.
-Khong cch t n L = 1,7h thch hp nht.
Sau khi la chn v tnh ton ta c kt qu theo bng sau :
Bng tng kt in chiu sng
STT Cng
trnh
Din
tch
chiu
sng
nh
nht

Thit
b
chiu
sng

Ch
s
hnh
phng
Quang
thng
Cng
sut
S
bng
Thi
gian
(h)
Tng
cng
sut
2
m
E i F KW N Ngy Nm KW.h
1 Phng
bo
v
20 10 n
trn
0,72 340 0,04 2 12 4200 336
2 Nh
xe p
72 10 n
trn
1,29 540 0,06 6 12 4200 1512
3 Ga ra
t
72 10 n
trn
0,72 340 0,04 4 12 3500 1260
4 Phng
gii
thiu
sn
phm
20 50 n
ng
0,72 340 0,04 18 10 1750 672
5 Nh
hnh
324 50 n
ng
0,85 12980 0,075 10 5 3500 2362

N TT NGHIP
chnh
+ nh
n
6 Nh th
nghim
162 50 n
ng
0,7 12980 0,075 10 10 3500 2625
7 Trm
in
36 10 n
trn
0,97 340 0,04 4 12 4200 672
8 Trm
cp
nc
36 10 n
trn
0,97 340 0,04 7 12 4200 1176
9 Nh
nhin
liu
36 10 n
trn
0,97 340 0,04 12 12 4200 2016
10 Nh
kho
nguyn
liu
129
6
10 n
trn
3,02 698 0,075 12 12 4200 3780
11 Nh
gia
cng
nguyn
liu
702 10 n
trn
1 540 0,06 36 12 4200 9072
378 10 n
trn
1,8 540 0,06 16 12 4200 4032
12 Nh
to
hnh
432 20 n
trn
0,89 1050 0,1 6 12 4200 2520
13 Trm
iu
phi
in v
kh nn
288 20 n
trn
0,7 1050 0,1 4 12 4200 1680
14 Nh c
kh
432 20 n
trn
1,87 1050 0,1 12 6 2100 2520

N TT NGHIP
15 Nh
ng
gi sn
phm
201
6
10 n
trn
3,4 1575 0,1 12 6 2100 2520
16 Nh l
nung
230
4
10 n
trn
3,4 1575 0,1 14 12 4200 5880
17 Tng 862
6
15,44 44635
2.in chy my
Stt ng c
Cng
sut
(Kw)
in
th
(V)
S lng
(chic)
Thi
gian
(h/ngy)
S
ngy
chy
trong
nm
in tiu
th
(Kw/nm)
1 My p thu lc 85 380 1 8 300 204000
2
My p ma st
700 tn
60 380 2 8 300 288000
2
My p ma st
200 tn
22 380 2 8 300 105600
4 My p hm 11 380 2 8 300 52800
5 My nghin ln 14 380 2 8 300 33600
6 Sng rung 1 380 2 8 300 4800
7 My nghin rung 40 380 1 8 300 96000
8 My thi t st 14 380 1 8 300 33600
9 Gu nng 2,5 380 4 8 300 24000
10
Cn bng nh
lng
0,6 380 1 8 300 1440
11
My y thu
lc
10 380 1 2 350 7000
12 My nghin lxo 17 380 1 8 300 40800
13 My trn 15 380 2 8 300 72000
14 My tip liu lc 0,6 380 2 8 300 2880

N TT NGHIP
15
My sy thng
quay
10 380 1 8 300 24000
16
Cn bng nh
lng
0,6 380 1 8 300 1440
17 Bng ti cao su 2,8 380 2 8 300 13440
18 Gu ti kp 10 380 1 8 300 24000
19 Qut ht kh thi 6,016 380 1 24 350 54735
20
Qut chn khi
u l
3,76 380 1 24 350 36842
21
Qut chn kh
cui l
3,4 380 1 24 350 28560
22
Qut lm ngui
nhanh
4,43 380 1 24 350 37212
23
Qut lm ngui
chm.
16,85 380 1 24 350 141540
24
Qut cp kh cho
vi t
3,5 380 1 24 350 29400
25
Qut ht kh zon
lm ngui i sy
17,82 380 1 24 350 149688
Tng 498,29 KW 1498036
Tng cng sut in nng nh my tiu th trong nm l:
P = 44635 + 1498036 =1542671(kwh)
3. Chn v b tr my bin th
Chn my bin th cho nh my l my bin th ca trm bin th h p ly
t mng in 22kW chung ca khu cng nghip Tin Sn dn t trm 110/22 kV
Bc Ninh.
Do ph ti c dng l ph ti cn cung cp in lin tc nn phi t 2
my bin p ging nhau sao cho khi mt my ngh th my cn li m bo iu
kin cho ph ti y hot ng.
Cng sut cc i ca trm c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
S
max
=
tb
tb tb
k
P.
.cos

N TT NGHIP
Trong :
P
- tng cng sut nh mc, kW

Tng cng sut nh mc chy my: P
my
= 499,29 kW
Tng cng sut nh mc chiu sng: P
n
= 15,44 kW
Suy ra tng cng sut nh mc:
P
= P
my
+ P
n
=499,29 + 15,44 = 514,73 kW
k
tb
h s ph ti trung bnh, thng bng 0,60 0,65.
Chn k
tb
= 0,64.
tb
hiu sut trung bnh, thng bng 0,88 0,92.
Chn
tb
= 0,90.
cos
tb
h s cng sut trung bnh, thng bng 0,80 0,85.
Chn cos
tb
= 0,84.
Vy: S
max
=
tb
tb tb
k
P.
.cos
=
0, 64
514, 73.
0,90.0,84
= 437,75 kVA.
Hai my bin p ging nhau nn cng sut nh mc ca mi my l:
S =
ax
2
m
S
=
435, 75
2
= 217,86 kVA
Chn mua hai my bin p 3 pha 250 kVA 22/0,4 kV ca cng ty TNHH sn xut
v thng mi WIN H Ni vi cc thng s k thut nh sau:
+ My bin p: my bin p 3 pha 250 kVA.
+ Cng sut nh mc: 250 kVA.
+ U nh mc ca cun dy:
Cao th: 220 kV.
H th: 0,4 kV.
+ n gi: 120.000.000 ng
II. NC
Cp thot nc.

N TT NGHIP
- Ngun nc s dng trong nh my l nc ging khoan, c im ngun
nc ging y trong, t tp cht st v mui khong, hin ti vn c dn
c xung quanh vng ny s dng cho mc ch sinh hot n ung, tm git.
- Tuy nhin m bo v sinh th nc ging khoan dng cho sn xut v
sinh hot trong nh my c bm ln thp lc nc, nc sch sau khi lc
c a xung cc phn xng, nh hnh chnh v cc b phn khc nh
ng dn.
- Nhu cu nc ca nh my l 70 (m
3
/ngy m), ch yu s dng cho lm
mt my p v nhu cu v sinh.
Nc thi ca nh my khng ng k v khng cha cc ha cht c hi i vi
mi trng. V vy nc thi s c thot ra theo ng dn nc ma ca nh
my nhp vo ng knh thot nc chung ca vng ny

N TT NGHIP
CHNG V :
AN TON LAO NG V V SINH
MI TRNG
Cng tc an ton lao ng v bo v mi trng l rt cn thit.
Trong cc nh my ho cht, c bit i vi nh my Silict vn chng bi v
chng n rt cn thit v chng gy cc bnh v ng h hp, v thnh gic...
Nh my sn xut vt liu chu la Samt thuc ngnh Silict nn c nhiu bi,
ting n v kh c (CO, SO
2
,CO
2
...):
+ Phn xng gia cng nguyn liu c nhiu bi nguyn liu.
+ Phn xng l nung c nhin liu kh than d chy n, l nung sinh nhiu kh
thi CO, CO
2
, SO
2
...
+ Trm bin th l ni c in th cao rt nguy him.
Cc bin php nhm m bo an ton lao ng v bo v mi trng:
1. i vi bi
+ Tiu chun nng bi theo bng 27 (I- 46):
Bi cha trn 10% SiO
2
: 0,002 mg/l; bi khc: 0,01 mg/l; cromt, bicromat:
0,0001 mg/l.
+ Cc thit b gia cng nguyn liu phi kn, b tr cc my ht bi ti nhng im
sinh nhiu bi.
+ Nh xng b tr nhiu ca, thng thong.
+ Cng nhn lao ng phi eo khu trang khi lm vic.
2. i vi vi kh hu nng lnh, kh c
+ Tiu chun nng cht c cho php trong khng kh theo bng 27 (I-46):
CO
2
: 0,03 mg/l; SO
2
: 0,02 mg/l; du ho: 0,3 mg/l.
+ Nh xng c ca knh che chn gi la v ma ng. C qut lm mt khi ra l
sn phm trong l nung tuynel.
+ Khi lm vic tt c cng nhn u phi mc qun o, m bo h lao ng, khu
trang.

N TT NGHIP
3. Vi ting n v chn ng
Cc sng rung, my p ba, my nghin gy nhiu ting n v chn ng.
4. iu kin chiu sng
+ Nh xng c nhiu ca knh m bo nh sng lm vic ban ngy.
+ B tr n thp sng khi lm vic ban m v bui ti.
5. An ton khi lm vic vi thit b c kh
+ Cc b phn truyn chuyn ng c th nhn thy c th c li hoc hng ro
bo v che chn.
+ Cc thit b phng nga khi c s c.
+ Cc c cu iu khin phi m bo tin cy, d quan st, d iu khin.
+ Kim tra my mc trc khi s dng, vn hnh my mc ng quy trnh an
ton, kim tra v bo dng my mc theo nh k.
+ C s theo di tnh trng hot ng ca cc my mc thit b, tng ca kp phi
ghi tnh trng hot ng ca thit b my mc vo s, khi c s c phi s l v kp
thi bo co ni c trch nhim gii quyt.
6. An ton v in
+ Phi cch ly cc dy dn in, d ca dng khng qu 0,001A.
+ Vi in cao th phi che chn, ni t trung tnh i vi phn kim loi ca thit
b dng in.
+ Trang b cc phng tin bo h lao ng: gng, ng, thm cao su cch in...,
tun th quy trnh quy phm khi s dng cc trang thit b in.
7. Phng trnh chy n
+ C cc thit b o nhit , o p sut, thit b phng chng chy n... trong l
nung, kho nhin liu.
+ Kho nhin liu c xy dng ngoi phn xng sn xut chnh, d bo qun,
vn chuyn an ton.
An ton chung:
+ Mi cng nhn vin u phi c hc an ton lao ng theo nh k, c th t
chc cc cuc thi hiu bit v an ton lao ng nhm hiu su hn v an ton lao
ng.

N TT NGHIP
+ V y t: m bo cp cu nn nhn kp thi, m bo ch n ung, v sinh
lao ng cho cng nhn, khm v kim tra sc kho nh k pht hin bnh iu
tr kp thi.
+ Tt c cng nhn vin u phi thc hin ni quy an ton lao ng.

N TT NGHIP
CHNG VI : PHN KINH T T CHC

Kinh t t chc l phn rt quan trng i vi mi nh my. N phn nh tt
c cc loi c cu: t cha sn sut, vn u t, gi thnh sn phm. Phn kinh t t
chc ni ln hiu qu kinh t ca nh my c thit k.
I. C CU T CHC NH MY
.S h thng t chc ca nh my:
II. T CHC NHN LC
* Ch lm vic
- S ngy lm vic mi nm:
+ Gia cng nguyn liu : 300 ngy
+ Trn, to hnh : 300 ngy

Gim c
Ph gim c SX
B phn k thut B phn HC - Y t
Cng nhn
Qun c phn
xng
B phn th nghim
Ph gim c kinh doanh
N TT NGHIP
+ Sy v nung tunnel : 350 ngy
+ Bao gi sn phm : 300 ngy
+ Xng c kh : 300 ngy
- i vi cng nhn:
+ Ngh l tt : 8 ngy
+ Ngh th by, ch nht : 96 ngy
+ Ngh php, l do khc : 10 ngy
Thi gian lm vic thc t ca cng nhn : 365-114 = 251 ngy.
- Cng nhn trc tip sn sut :60 ngi
- Cng nhn phc v : 10 ngi
- Cn b qun l : 19 ngi
- B phn th nghim , ch th : 4 ngi
- Li xe, bo v,v sinh,nh n : 12 ngi
Tng cng : 108 ngi
1.Cng nhn trc tip sn sut.
Ni lm vic
Ngy lm vic
H s
K
S cng nhn
Ca
my
Ca CN Ca 1 Ca 2 Ca 3
C
ngy
Trong
danh
sch
Gia cng
nguyn liu
300 251 1.2 7 - - 7 9
Trn, to
hnh
300 251 1.2 10 10 - 20 22
Sy, nung
tunnel
350 251 1.39 3 3 3 9 12
Bao gi 350 251 1.39 6 - - 6 8
Phn xng
c kh
300 251 1.2 5 5 - 10 12
Tng s cng nhn trong danh sch l 63 ngi
2.Lc lng cn b qun l, gin tip sn sut.

N TT NGHIP
Lc lng cn b qun l gin tip sn sut gm cc cn b cng nhn vin ban
gim c, cc phng, cc phn xng.
- T chc qun l:
Bin ch cn b qunl:
- Gim c : K s ho silicat
- Ph gim c : 2 ngi, trnh i hc
-T chc hnh chnh y t:
+1 cn b i hc
+1 cn b trung cp
- B phn k thut : 5 cn b i hc
+ 2 k s ho silict
+ 2 k s c kh
+1 k s in ho
- B phn k ton, ti chnh: gm 3 ngi
+ 1 k ton trng
+ 1 cn b i hc
+ 1 cn b trung cp.
- Qun c phn xng sn xut chnh: 1 k s ho silict.
- Qun c phn xng c in: 1 k s c kh.
- Th kho: cung cp vt t: 2 ngi.
- B phn th nghim : 4 ngi.
+ 2 k s ho silict.
+ 2 k s ho phn tch.
- Trung tm iu khin: 2 k s in.
-Tng s ngi gin tip sn xut :23 ngi
-Tng s cng nhn vin trong nh my
S cng nhn vin trong nh my bng tng s cng nhn trc tip sn sut trong
danh sch v lc lng gin tip sn sut.
Tng s cng nhn vin ton nh my l 108 ngi.
3.Cc ch tiu v nhn lc

N TT NGHIP
3. 1.T l gia cng nhn trc tip sn sut v cng nhn trong nh my:
T
1
=
108
63
= 0,58
3.2. T l gia cng nhn gin tip sn sut v cng nhn trc tip sn
sut.
T
2
=
63
45
=0,72
III .VN U T
1.u t v xy dng
1.1 Nh sn xut
Gi f l din tch xy dng cc cng trnh sn sut (m
2
), d l n gi xy dng th
u t xy dng nh sn sut X
1
l:
X
1
= f.d (triu ng).
- u t xy dng nh sn sut
Cng trnh xy
dung
Kt cu Din tch (m
2
)
n gi
(triu
ng/m
2
)
Thnh tin
(triu ng)
Vn xy dng
I. Khu sn sut
chnh
Kho bao gi sn
phm
Khung thp
mi tn
2016 2,6 5241,6
Khu nh l nung
Khung thp
mi tn
2304 2,6 5990.4
Nh to hnh
Khung thp
mi tn
432 2,6 1123,2
Nh gia cng
nguyn liu
Khung thp
mi tn
3240 2,6 8424
Kho nguyn liu
Khung thp
mi tn
1296 2,6 3369,6
Kho nhin liu
Khung thp
mi tn
288 2,6 748,8

N TT NGHIP
TNG 24897,6
1.2Nh gin tip phc v sn sut:
X
2
= 0,2.X
1
()
X
2
= 0,2. 24897,6 = 4979,52( triu ng)
1.3.Tin lm ng x, cng trnh ph:
X
3
= 0,2.X
1
()
X
3
= 0,2. 24897,6 = 4979,52( triu ng)
-
Bng tng hp vn u t v xy dng:
u t v xy dung Tin (triu ng)
Nh sn sut 24897,6
Nh gin tip phc v sn sut 4979,52
ng x, cng trnh ph 4979,52
Tng s: X 34856,64
1. 4.Khu hao trung bnh hng nm v xy dng
A
x
= a.X ()
H s a = 3 (%).
A
x
= 0.03. 34856,64= 1045,699(triu ng).
2 .u t v thit b
2.1.u t v thit b chnh T
1
.
Tin u t v thit b chnh bao gm tin mua my mc cc phn xng chnh v
ph.
- Tin u t v thit b chnh:
Stt Tn thit b Nc sn sut S lng
Thnh tin
(triu ng)
1 My p hm 2 600
3 Xe cn nh lng 1 1000
5 Sng rung 2 650

N TT NGHIP
7 My nghin rung 1 3000
8 My p ma sat 700 tn 2 2400
8 My p ma sat 200 tn 2 1000
9 Lc bi tay o 2 1360
10 Thit b vn chuyn 1050
11 L nung tuynel 1 30000
12 My trn 2 2655
13 My p thu lc 1 8000
14 My sy thng quay 1500
15 My nghin lng 600
16 Bao gi 1850
17
Thit b phng th
nghim
- 14500
18 Tng cng T
1
- 70165
2.2.Tin u t cho thit b ph T
2
T
2
= 0,1T
1
T
2
= 0,1. 70165 = 7016,5 (triu ng)
2.3.Tin u t v thit b iu chnh, o lng
T
3
= 0,1.T
1
T
3
= 0,1. 70165 = 7016,5 (triu ng)
2. 4.Tin u t v thit b v sinh, cng nghip T
4
u t v thit b v sinh cng nghip bao gm tin mua sm cc thit b thng gi,
chiu sng, dn nc thi.
2.4.1 .Tin u t v thit b thng gi.
Tnh theo th tch cc nh vi n gi quy nh. Trong iu kin hin nay c th
ly cc n gi nh sau
- Nh sn xut 20 000 /m
2
- Nh gin tip phc v 10 000 /m
2

N TT NGHIP
Nh sn xut
Din
tch
(m
2
)
Gi
(nghnng)
Tng
(nghn ng)
1. Phn xng sn xut 9036 20 180720
2. Nh hnh chnh,vn phng,nh n 648 10 6480
3. Phng bo v 40 10 400
Nh th nghim 324 10 3240
Tng gi thnh cc thit b thng gi: 190840 nghn ng =190,84 (triu ng)

2.4.2 .Tin u t v thit b chiu sng:
n gi:
- Nh sn xut : 15 000 ng/m
2
- Nh gin tip phc v sn xut : 12 000 ng/m
2
Bng gi thnh thit b chiu sng
Nh cn chiu sng Din tch (m
2
)
n gi
(ng)
Tng
(ng)
1. Nh sn xut 9036 15 000 135540000
2. Nh gin tip phc v sn xut 1012 12 000 12144000
Tng gi thnh T
4
= 147684000 ng =147,684 (triu ng)
2.4.3 Tin u t v thit b dn nc thi
- Tnh theo lng nc thi hng nm ( m
3
) vi n gi l 500 ng/m
3
- Lng nc thi ca nh bao gm nc thi sinh hot, nc lm mt my p v
nc trn phi liu.
- Tng lng nc l : 70 m
3
/ngy =70.350 =24500 (m
3
/n)
- Lng tin cn thit l: 24500 . 4500 = 4725000000 (ng) = 110,25 (triu ng)
Bng tng kt tin u t v thit b v sinh, cng nghip
u t v thit b v sinh, cng nghip Tin (triu ng)
Thit b thng gi 190,84
Thit b chiu sng 147,68
Thit b dn nc thi 110,25
Tng T
4
448,77
2.5.Tin cng lp rp thit b T
5

N TT NGHIP
T
5
= 0,2.T
1

T
5
= 0,2. 70165= 14033 (triu ng)
2.6. Cc chi ph khc T
6
Cc chi ph khc bao gm chi ph cho cng tc thm d, thit k, vn chuyn v
bc d thit b.
T
6
= 0,1.T
1
= 0,1. 70165= 7016,5 (triu ng)
Bng tng hp tin u t v thit b
u t v thit b Tin (triu ng)
Thit b chnh 70165
Thit b ph 7016,5
Thit b iu chnh, o lng 7016,5
Thit b v sinh, cng nghip 448,77
Cng lp rp thit b 14033
Cc chi ph khc 7016,5
Tng s T 105696,27
2.7.Khu hao trung bnh hng nm v thit b
A
t
= b.T ()
H s b thng ly khong 0,1
A
t
= 0,1. 105696,27= 10569,627 (triu ng)
3 Tng s vn u t ti sn c nh
Tng s vn u t ti sn c nh bao gm tin u t v xy dng v tin u t
v thit b.
Kt cu vn u t:
Khon mc u t Tin (triu ng) T l (%)
u t cho xy dng 34856,64 24,80
u t v thit b 105696,27 75,20
Tng s V 140552,91 100
- Khu hao ti sn c nh hng nm
A

= A
x
+ A
t
= 1045,699+ 10569,627 = 11615,326 ( triu ng)
IV. C TNH GI THNH
1. Cc chi ph ch yu

N TT NGHIP
1.1. Chi ph nguyn liu
STT Khon chi ph n v S lng n gi (Triu
ng)
Thnh
tin( T.
ng)
1 Sa mt Tn Mi T/nm 8151,64 1,8 14672,96
2 Sa mt Vnh yn T/nm 12227,47 1,5 18341,2
3 t st Vnh Phc T/ nm 2595,1 0,7 1816,57
4 Caolanh nh
trung Vnh Yn
T/nm 2595,1 1,0 2595,1
Tng 37425,83
1.2.Chi ph v nng lng

Khon mc
chi ph
Lng dng hng nm Gi Tin (triu ng)
in 1542671 (Kw) 1068 (/kw) 1647,573
Du FO 2585738,4 (kg) 15000 (/ kg) 38767,076
Nc 24500 (m
3
) 4500 (/m
3
) 110,25
Tng 40524,899
1. 3. Tin lng chnh cho cng nhn vin
Tnh lng cho cng nhn vin thng thng c hai cch tnh lng:
+ Tnh theo cp bc thang lng tng loi.
+ Tnh theo mc lng bnh qun tng loi.
n gin ta dng cch th hai tnh, tuy mc chnh xc thp hn.
Chn mc lng trung bnh cho cng nhn vin ton nh my l:
L
TB
= 4 500 000 ng/ngi/thng
S cng nhn vin ton nh my l: N = 108 ngi
Khi tng lng lng cho ton b cng nhn vin ton nh my l:
+ Tnh cho 1 thng:
L
thng
= 3 500 000.108 =378 000 000 ng/thng

N TT NGHIP
+ Tnh cho 1 nm:
L
nm
= 3 500 000.108.12 = 4 536 000 000 ng/nm
1.4.Tin ph cp ngoi lng
Tin ph cp ngoi lng bao gm ph cp khu vc, ph cp m au, sinh ,
thng cng nhn vin nhn dp l, tt Tt c cc khon ph cp ny ly bng
10% lng lng chnh.
Khi tin ph cp ngoi lng s l:
L
ph cp
= 10%.4536000000 = 453 600 000 ng/nm
1.5 Chi ph thu t khu cng nghip
Din tch mt bng nh my thu ca khu cng nghip :
S = 22800 m
2
.
Gi t hin nay ca khu cng nghip Tin Sn l:
G
t
= 16500 /m
2
/ nm.
Tin thu t phi tr hng nm cho ban qun l khu cng nghip. S tin phi tr
l:
T
t
= S. G
t
= 22800.16500 = 376,2triu ng.
1.6 Tin tiu hao ti sn c nh hng nm A
A =11615,326 (triu ng/nm)
Bng tng hp chi ph ch yu
Khon mc chi ph ch yu Tin (triu ng/nm)
Nguyn liu 37 425,83
Nng lng 50879,856
Lng chnh cho cng nhn vin 4 536
Ph cp ngoi lng 453,6
Khu hao ti sn c nh hng nm 11615,326
Thu t khu cng nghip 376,2
Tng s 94931,855

2 .Cc chi ph khc
2.1.Kinh ph phn xng

N TT NGHIP
Kinh ph phn xng chim 1% gi thnh ton b:
2.2.Qun l ph nh my
Qun l ph nh my chim 1% gi thnh ton b.
2. 3.Chi ph ngoi sn sut
Chi ph ngoi sn sut chim 1% gi thnh ton b
3. Cc loi gi thnh
3. 1.Gi thnh ton b G
tb
G
tb
= Tng s tin chi ph ch yu.100/(100 t l % cc chi ph khc)
G
tb
=
3 100
100 94931,855.
= 97867,891(triu/nm)
3. 2.Kinh ph phn xng
P
px
= 0,01.G
tb
= 978,679 (triu/nm)
3. 3.Gi thnh phn xng
G
px
= Chi ph ch yu + kinh ph phn xng
G
px
= 94931,855+ 978,679 = 95910,534(triu/nm)
3.4.Qun l ph nh my
P
nm
=0,01.G
tb
= 0,01. 97867,891= 978,679 (triu/nm)
3.5. Gi thnh x nghip.
G
xn
= G
px
+ P
nm
= 95910,534+ 978,679 = 96889,213triu/nm)
3. 6.Chi ph ngoi sn sut
P
nsx
=0,01.G
tb
= 0,01. 97867,891= 978,679 (triu/nm)
3.7.Gi thnh mt n v sn phm
G
sp
=
c nm lng n s
b ton thnh gi
(ng /n v sn phm)
=
25000
97867,891
=3,914 (triu ng/tn sn phm)
V LI V THI GIAN THU HI VN U T
1. Li hng nm

N TT NGHIP
Li hng nm c tnh theo cng thc:
L = S.(B G
sp
)
Trong : L li hng nm ca nh my
S sn lng hng nm ca nh my
Gch samtA: S
1
= 10000 (tn/nm)
Gch samtB: S
2
= 15000 (tn/nm)
B gi bn 1 n v sn phm.
Gi bn trung bnh cc loi gch ti nh my:
Gch samtA: B
1
= 4,9 triu ng/tn
Gch samtB: B
2
= 4,0 triu ng/tn
G
sp
gi thnh mt n v sn phm
G
sp
= 3,914 (triu ng/tn sn phm)
Vy li trung bnh hng nm ca nh my:
L = 10000.(4,9 3,914) + 15000.(4,0 3,914)
= 11150 triu ng/nm
Vi thu thu nhp doanh ngip 25% li nhun ca doanh nghip th li thu c
thc t ch l : L
tt
=11150 - 11150.0,25 =8362,5 (triu ng/nm)
2. T sut li
T sut li c tnh theo cng thc:
i =
tb
G
L
.100 (%) =
97867,891
8362,5
100% = 8,55 (%)
3. Thi gian thu hi vn u t
S vn u t: V = 140552,91 tr.ng
Khu hao ti sn c nh hng nm: A = 11615,326 tr.ng
Li hng nm: L = 8362,5 tr.ng
Vy, thi gian thu hi vn:
t =
L A
V
+

=
5 , 8362 11615,326
140552,91
+
= 7,035 (nm)

N TT NGHIP
Tm tt mt s ch tiu kinh t, k thut
Stt Ch tiu kinh t, k thut n v tnh S lng
1 Sn lng ca nh my Tn 25000
2 Vn u t Triu ng 140552,91
A .T l vn u t cho xy
dng
% 24,8
b. T l vn u t cho thit b % 75,2
d. Tin u t cho mt n v
sn phm(tn)
Triu ng 3,914
3
H s s dng cc thit b chnh
nm trong gi S
my ca lm gi S
m
% 27,4
4
Gi thnh mt n v sn phm
(tn)
Gch Sa mt A
Gch Sa mt B
Triu ng 4,9
4,0
5 Thi gian thu hi vn Nm 7,035
Bin lun v cc ch tiu ca nh my.
Qua phn tnh ton kinh t cho thy:Gi bn sn phm trn th trng VLCL
Samt nh trn l hi cao so vi cc sn phm VLCL cng loi hin ang c
cho bn trn th trng. Trn th trng gi mt tn gch Samt A t 4,05,5 triu
ng/tn v gi mt tn gch Samt B t 3,34,0 triu ng/tn . Vi gi bn nh
vy cng vi ch tiu cht lng sn phm ra th sn phm ca nh my c th
c kh nng chim c th trng trong nc.
Tuy nhin kt qu tnh ton trn cha phi l nh gi chnh xc hiu qu
kinh t ca nh my. Bi v: trong khun kh ca bn n tt nghip khng c
iu kin v khng th tnh ton mt cch h thng y v chnh xc.
Do vy kt qu tnh ton trn ch xem nh nh gi s b v hiu qu kinh t
ca nh my v ch p ng yu cu ca n tt nghip.

N TT NGHIP
CHNG VII : KT LUN
c s gip ca cc thy c trong b mn CNVL Silict v s hng dn
tn tnh ca thy : o Xun Phi, cng vi s n lc ca bn thn, sau mi lm
tun bn n thit k nh my sn xut VLCL Samt nng sut 25000 (tn/nm),
s dng l nung tuynel vi nhin liu du FO c hon thnh.
Sn phm gch Samt c sn sut ti nh my bng dy chuyn cng ngh
hin i, t ng ha cao. Do hn ch v ti liu nn cc my mc b tr trong nh
my ch yu c chn theo cun ti liu ''Tnh v chn thit b Silict'', ng thi
c s tham kho ti liu ca nh my VLCL Thi Nguyn, do c th p ng
c yu cu sn xut hin nay, cht gch xy l theo s liu chung nn khng
trnh khi c sai s trong qu trnh tnh ton.
Do kinh nghim thc t cha nhiu nn chc chn c nhiu thiu st v hn ch
trong bn n thit k tt nghip ny. Knh mong cc thy c gio gp v ch
bo.
V bn thn, qua ln thit k tt nghip ny, kin thc thc t, l thuyt, tc
phong lm vic c nng cao nhiu. s l hnh trang qu bu ca em sau khi
tt nghip i lm vic thc t sau ny. Cui cng em xin chn thnh cm n cc
thy, cc c trong trng dy em trong nm nm qua. Xin cm n cc c quan
nh my ni em n thc tp, ch bo v gip em c kinh nghim, kin
thc thc t ng qu ny.
H Ni , 25 ngy thng 05 nm 2013
Sinh vin thit k
Nguyn B Lc

N TT NGHIP
TI LIU THAM KHO
Stt Tn ti liu tham kho
K
hiu
Tc gi
Nh xut bn
v nm xut
bn
1
Hng dn thit k tt
nghip cc nh my silict
I B mn CNVL silicat 1971
2 L silict 1 II Nguyn ng Hng 1975
3 L silict 2 III Nguyn ng Hng 1975
4 L silict 3 IV Nguyn ng Hng 1975
5 S tay ho cng 1 V
B mn QT v TB
cng ngh ho hc
1978
6 L cng nghp VI
Phm Vn Tr, Dng
c Hng, Nguyn
Cng Cn
NXB Khoa
hc v k thut
- 2000
7 Ha cng I VII
B mn QT& TB Ha
Hc
1975
8
Tnh v la chn cc thit
b silicat
VIII B mn CNVL Silicat 1971
9
D n Quy hoch tng th
nghnh cng nghip
VLXD Vit nam n
nm 2010 v nh hng
n nm 2020.
IX KS. Trn Duy Hit 2000
10
Cng ngh sn xut vt
liu chu la X
PGS.TS.Nguyn ng
Hng
NXB Bch
Khoa-2006


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N TT NGHIP

0,9 =1397,18 (T/n)

7 * i vi Zon nung: ta xc nh lng khng kh thc t cn cho phn ng

= 1,15 . 10,015 = 11,517 (Nm

100 9,512 6,987 0,027 5,247 0,017

= 0,0016 . 16 . 11,517= 0,295 (Nm

lng khng kh kh thc t cn cho qu trnh chy

571,72 441,20 256,69 99,07

564,20 393,22 152,59

908,60 692,37 396,99 144, 07

896,81 649,99 250,57

1206,13 985,52 512,90 148,75

1189,91 888,48 344,41

1342,14 1100,73 584,77 164,42

1323,64 1015,62 410,42

Nhit tnh ton : t

203,12 122,97 52,31

565,34 303,13 70,26

888,06 474,82 114,74

1194,73 664,74 202,08

1280,58 695,70 157,14

1141,48 935,11 544,77 190,86

1126,15 840,08 339,31

511,89 399,16 228,36 86,63

505,18 354,36 137,62

1107,95 590,92 124,90

507,11 270,85 64,12

= 0,45.L = 0,45.33,7= 15,165

= 15783,463 +307,826 .11,517 =19328,696 (m

Chiu cao tnh t n n mt lm vic.

tra theo bng 16.

- tng cng sut nh mc, kW

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