01 - Mo Dau Ve Nguyen Ham - TLBG

Kha hc LTH mn Ton Thy ng Vit Hng (0985.074.
831) Facebook: LyHung95

Hc offline: Ng 72 Tn Tht Tng (i din H Y H Ni) Hc online: www.moon.vn

I. NHC LI KHI NIM V VI PHN CA HM S
Vi phn ca hm s y = f(x) c k hiu l dy v cho bi cng thc = = = ( ) ' '( ) dy df x y dx f x dx
V d:
d(x
2
2x + 2) = (x
2
2x + 2)dx = (2x 2)dx
d(sinx + 2cosx) = (sinx + 2cosx)dx = (cosx 2sinx)dx
Ch : T cng thc vi phn trn ta d dng thu c mt s kt qu sau
( ) ( )
1
2 2 2
2
d x dx dx d x = =
( ) ( )
1
3 3 3
3
d x dx dx d x = =

( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
1 1 1
2 2 2 2
x
xdx d d x d x a d a x
| |
= = = =
|
|
\

( ) ( ) ( )
3
2 3 3 3
1 1 1
3 3 3 3
x
x dx d d x d x a d a x
| |
= = = =
|
|
\

( )
( ) ( )
ax 1 1
ln ax ln
ax
d b dx dx
d b d x
ax b a b a x
+
= = + =
+ +

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
sin ax sin ax ax cos ax sin 2 os2 ...
2
b dx b d b d b xdx d c x
a a
+ = + + = + =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
cos cos sin cos 2 sin 2 ...
2
ax b dx ax b d ax b d ax b xdx d x
a a
+ = + + = + =
( )
( ) ( )
ax 2 2
1 1 1
ax ...
2
b ax b ax b x x
e dx e d b d e e dx d e
a a
+ + +
= + = =

( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2
ax
1 1 1
tan tan 2 ...
2
cos cos cos 2
d b
dx dx
d ax b d x
a a
ax b ax b x
+
= = + ( =

+ +

( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2
ax
1 1 1
cot cot 2 ...
2
sin sin sin 2
d b
dx dx
d ax b d x
a a
ax b ax b x
+
= = + ( =

+ +

II. KHI NIM V NGUYN HM
Cho hm s f(x) lin tc trn mt khong (a; b). Hm F(x) c gi l nguyn hm ca hm s f(x) nu F(x) = f(x) v
c vit l ( ) f x dx
. T ta c : ( ) ( ) f x dx F x =

Nhn xt:
Vi C l mt hng s no th ta lun c (F(x) + C) = F(x) nn tng qut ha ta vit ( ) ( ) f x dx F x C = +
, khi
F(x) + C c gi l mt h nguyn hm ca hm s f(x). Vi mt gi tr c th ca C th ta c mt nguyn hm
ca hm s cho.
V d:
Hm s f(x) = 2x c nguyn hm l F(x) = x
2
+ C, v (x
2
+ C) = 2x
Hm s f(x) = sinx c nguyn hm l F(x) = cosx + C, v (cosx + C) = sinx
III. CC TNH CHT C BN CA NGUYN HM
Cho cc hm s f(x) v g(x) lin tc v tn ti cc nguyn hm tng ng F(x) v G(x), khi ta c cc tnh cht sau:
a) Tnh cht 1:
( )
( ) ( ) f x dx f x

Ti liu bi ging:
01. M U V NGUYN HM
Thy ng Vit Hng
Kha hc LTH mn Ton Thy ng Vit Hng (0985.074.831) Facebook: LyHung95
Chng minh:
Do F(x) l nguyn hm ca hm s f(x) nn hin nhin ta c
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) f x dx F x f x

= =
pcm.
b) Tnh cht 2: [ ]
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) f x g x dx f x dx g x dx + = +

Chng minh:
Theo tnh cht 1 ta c,
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) f x dx g x dx f x dx g x dx f x g x

+ = + = +

Theo nh ngha nguyn hm th v phi chnh l nguyn hm ca f(x) + g(x).
T ta c [ ]
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) f x g x dx f x dx g x dx + = +

c) Tnh cht 3:
( )
. ( ) ( ) , 0 k f x dx k f x dx k =

Chng minh:
Tng t nh tnh cht 2, ta xt
( )
( ) . ( ) . ( ) ( ) k f x dx k f x k f x dx k f x dx
= =

pcm.
d) Tnh cht 4: ( ) ( ) ( ) .. f x dx f t dt f u du = =

Tnh cht trn c gi l tnh bt bin ca nguyn hm, tc l nguyn hm ca mt hm s ch ph thuc vo hm,
m khng ph thuc vo bin.
IV. CC CNG THC NGUYN HM
Cng thc 1: dx x C = +

Chng minh:
Tht vy, do ( ) 1 x C dx x C
+ = = +

Ch :
M rng vi hm s hp ( ) u u x = , ta c du u C = +

Cng thc 2:
n 1
n
x
x dx C
n 1
+
= +
+

Chng minh:
Tht vy, do
1 1
1 1
n n
n n
x x
C x x dx C
n n
+ +
| |
+ = = +
|
+ +
\

Ch :
+ M rng vi hm s hp ( ) u u x = , ta c
1
1
n
n
u
u du C
n
+
= +
+

+ Vi
1
2 2 2
2 2
dx dx du
n x C u C
x x u
= = = + = +

+ Vi
2 2
1 1
2
dx du
n C C
x x u u
= = + = +

V d:
a)
3
2
3
x
x dx C = +

b)
( )
5
4 4 2
2 2
5
x
x x dx x dx xdx x C + = + = + +

c)
1 1
2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3
3 3
3
1
2 2 2
3
x x x x x x x
dx dx xdx x dx C x C
x x
= = = + = +

d) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
5
4 4
2 1 1
2 1 2 1 2 1
2 5
n
u du
x
I x dx x d x I C
+
= + = + + = +

e) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2011
2010 2010
1 3 1
1 3 1 3 1 3
3 2011
n
u du
x
I x dx x d x I C
= = = +

f)
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
2 1 1 1 1 1
.
2 2 2 1 2 2 1
2 1 2 1
du
u
d x dx
I I C C
x x
x x
+
= = = + = +
+ +
+ +

g) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 3
2 2
1 1 2 3
4 5 4 5 4 5 . 4 5 4 5
4 4 3 8
I x dx x d x I x C x C = + = + + = + + = + +

Cng thc 3: ln
dx
x C
x
= +

Chng minh:
Tht vy, do
( )
1
ln ln
dx
x C x C
x x
+ = = +

Ch :
+ M rng vi hm s hp ( ) u u x = , ta c ln
du
u C
u
= +

+
( )
1
ln 2
1 1
2x 2
ln ax
1 ax ax
ln 2
2 2
dx
x k C
d ax b
dx
k
b C
dx b a b a
k x C
k x
= + +
+
+
= = + +
+ +
= +

V d:
a)
4
3 3
1 1 1
2 ln
4
dx x
x dx x dx dx x x C
x x x x
| |
+ + = + + = + + +
|
\

b)
( ) 3 2 1 1
ln 3 2
3 2 3 3 2 3
du
u
d x dx
I I x C
x x
+
= = = + +
+ +

c)
( )
2
2 2
2 1
2 3 3 3 3
2 2 3 ln 2 1
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 2
d x
x x dx
dx x dx xdx x x x C
x x x x
+
+ + | |
= + = + = + = + + +
|
+ + + +
\

Cng thc 4: sinx cos dx x C = +

Chng minh:
Tht vy, do ( ) cos sin x sinx cos x C dx x C
+ = = +

Ch :
+ M rng vi hm s hp ( ) u u x = , ta c sinu cos du u C = +

+ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
sin ax sin ax ax cos ax sin 2 os2
2
b dx b d b b C xdx c x C
a a
+ = + + = + + = +

V d:
a)
( )
3
2
2 1
1 1
sinx sinx cos
2 1 2 1 2 2 1
d x
dx
x x dx x xdx dx x dx x
x x x
| |
+ + = + + = + =
|

\

5
2
2 1
cos ln 2 1
5 2
x
x x C = + +
b) ( )
( ) 4 3
3 1 3 1 3
sin 2 sin 2 3 sin 2 2 os2 ln 4 3
4 3 4 3 2 4 4 3 2 4
d x
dx
x dx xdx xd x c x x C
x x x
| |
+ = + = + = + +
|

\

c) sin sinx sin3
2
x
x dx
| |
+ +
|
\

Ta c ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
2 ; 2 2 2 ; 3 3 3
2 2 2 2 3
x x
d dx dx d d x dx dx d x d x dx dx d x
| | | |
= = = = = =
| |
\ \

T :
( ) ( )
1 1
sin sinx sin3 sin sin 2 sin3 2 sin sin 2 2 sin3 3
2 2 2 2 2 3
x x x x
x dx dx xdx xdx d xd x xd x
| | | |
+ + = + + = + +
| |
\ \

1 1
2cos os2 os3
2 2 3
x
c x c x C = +
Cng thc 5: cos sin xdx x C = +

Chng minh:
Tht vy, do ( ) in cos cosx inx s x C x dx s C
+ = = +

Ch :
+ M rng vi hm s hp ( ) u u x = , ta c cosu sin du u C = +

+ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
os ax os ax ax sin ax os2 sin 2
2
c b dx c b d b b C c xdx x C
a a
+ = + + = + + = +

V d:
a)
4 1 5
cos sin cos sin x 4 sinx cos 4 5ln 1
1 1
x
x x dx xdx dx dx x x x C
x x
| | | |
+ = + = + + + +
| |
+ +
\ \

b) ( )
2
1
cos 2 sin x os2 sinx sin 2 cos
2 2
x
x x dx c xdx dx xdx x x C + = + = +

c) ( )
2
1 os2 1 1 1 1 1 1
sin os2 os2 2 sin 2
2 2 2 2 4 2 4
c x
xdx dx c x dx x c xd x x x C
| |
= = = = +
|
\

Cng thc 6:
2
tan
cos
dx
x C
x
= +

Chng minh:
Tht vy, do ( )
2 2
1
tan tan x
cos cos
dx
x C C
x x
+ = = +

Ch :
2
tan u
os
du
C
c u
= +

+
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2 2
1 1 1
tan tan 2
cos cos cos 2 2
d ax b
dx dx
ax b C x C
ax b a ax b a x
+
= = + + = +
+ +

V d:
a)
2 2
1 1
cos sin 2 cos sin 2 tan sin cos 2
cos cos 2
dx
x x dx xdx xdx x x x C
x x
| |
+ = + = + + +
|
\

b)
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2 2
2 1 5 4 1 2 1 2
2
cos 2 1 5 4 cos 2 1 5 4 2 cos 2 1 4 5 4
d x d x dx dx
I dx
x x x x x x
| |
= + = + =
|
|

\

( )
2
os
1 1
tan 2 1 ln 5 4
2 2
du
c u
x x C = +
c)
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
os
2 2
3 2 1 1
tan 3 2
cos 3 2 2 cos 3 2 2
du
c u
d x dx
I I x C
x x
= = = +

Cng thc 7:
2
cot x
sin
dx
C
x
= +

Chng minh:
Tht vy, do ( )
2 2
1
cot cot x
sin
dx
x C C
sin x x
+ = = +

Ch :
2
cot u
sin
du
C
u
= +

+
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2 2
ax
1 1 1
cot ax cot 2
sin ax sin ax sin 2 2
d b
dx dx
b C x C
b a b a x
+
= = + + = +
+ +

V d:
a)
6
5 5
2 2
1 1
cos 2 2 cos 2 2 sin 2 cot
sin sin 2 3
dx x
x x dx xdx x dx x x C
x x
| |
+ = + = + + +
|
\

b)
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
sin
2 2
1 3 1 1 1
cot 1 3 cot 1 3
sin 1 3 3 sin 1 3 3 3
du
u
d x dx
I I x C x C
x x
= = = ( + = +

c)
2
sin
2 2
2
2 2cot
2
sin sin
2 2
du
u
x
d
dx x
I I C
x x
| |
|
| | \
= = = +
|
| | | | \
| |
\ \

Cng thc 8:
x x
e dx e C = +

Chng minh:
Tht vy, do
( )
x x x x
e C e e dx e C
+ = = +

Ch :
u u
e du e C = +

+ ( )
2 2
2 2
1
1 1
2
ax
1
2
x k x k
ax b ax b ax b
k x k x
e dx e C
e dx e d b e C
a a
e dx e C
+ +
+ + +

= +
= + = +
= +

V d:
a) ( )
( )
2 1 2 1 2 1
2 2 2
3 1 4 4 1 1
2 1 4.2
sin 3 sin 3 2 3 sin 3
x x x
d x dx
e dx e dx dx e d x x
x x x x x
+ + +
| |
+ = + = + +
|
\

2 1
1 1
cot 3 8
2 3
x
e x x C
+
= + + +
b) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 2 3 2 3 2
4 1
4 os 1 3 4 os 1 3 3 2 os 1 3 1 3
3 3
x x x
e c x dx e dx c x dx e d x c x d x
+ + +
+ = + = +

( )
3 2
4 1
sin 1 3
3 3
x
e x C
+
= +
Cng thc 9:
ln
x
x
a
a dx C
a
= +

Chng minh:
Tht vy, do
ln
ln ln ln
x x x
x x
a a a a
C a a dx C
a a a
| |
+ = = = +
|
\

Ch :
u u
a du a C = +

+ ( )
1 1
kx m kx m kx m
a dx a d kx m a C
k k
+ + +
= + = +

V d:
a)
( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
3 2 3 2 3 2
1 1 2 3
2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2
3 2 3ln 2 2ln3
u
x x
a du x x x x x x
I dx dx dx d x d x I C = + = + = + = + +

b)
( ) ( ) ( )
1 2
1 2 4 3 1 2 4 3 1 2 4 3 4 3
1 3 2 3
2 2 3 2 1 2 4 3
2 4 2ln 2 4
x
x x x x x x x
e dx dx e dx d x e d x e C
+ + + +
= = + = + +

Bng nguyn hm ca mt s hm s thng gp
0dx C =

dx x C = +

1
, ( 1)
1
x
x dx C
+
= +
+

1
ln dx x C
x
= +

x x
e dx e C = +

(0 1)
ln
x
x
a
a dx C a
a
= + <

cos sin xdx x C = +

sin cos xdx x C = +

2
1
tan
cos
dx x C
x
= +

2
1
cot
sin
dx x C
x
= +

1
cos( ) sin( ) ( 0) ax b dx ax b C a
a
+ = + +

1
sin( ) cos( ) ( 0) ax b dx ax b C a
a
+ = + +

1
, ( 0)
ax b ax b
e dx e C a
a
+ +
= +

1 1
ln dx ax b C
ax b a
= + +
+

LUYN TP TNG HP
V d 1. Chng minh F(x) l mt nguyn hm ca hm s f(x) bit rng
a)
( ) (4 5)
( ) (4 1)
x
x
F x x e
f x x e
b)
4
5 3
( ) tan 3 5
( ) 4tan 4tan 3
F x x x
f x x x
= +
= + +

c)
2
2
2 2
4
( ) ln
3
2
( )
( 4)( 3)
x
F x
x
x
f x
x x
| |
+
= |
+ \
+ +
d)
2
2
2
4
2 1
( ) ln
2 1
2 2( 1)
( )
1
x x
F x
x x
x
f x
x
+
=
+ +
+

V d 2. Tm cc nguyn hm sau
1)
2
1
3 .......................................................................... x x dx
x
| |
+ =
|
\

2)
4
2
2 3
..................................................................................
x
dx
x
+
=

3)
2
1
...................................................................................
x
dx
x

4)
2 2
2
( 1)
..............................................................................
x
dx
x

5)
( )
3 4
...................................................................................... x x x dx + + =

6)
3
1 2
............................................................................... dx
x x
| |
=
|
\

7)
2
2sin .............................................................
2
x
dx =

8)
2
tan ............................................................................ xdx =

9)
2
cos ................................................................ xdx =

10)
2 2
1
.........................................................................................
sin .cos
dx
x x
=

11)
2 2
cos 2
....................................................................................................................................
sin .cos
x
dx
x x
=

12) 2sin3 cos 2 ............................................................................................ x xdx =

13)
( )
1 .............................................................................
x x
e e dx =

14)
2
2 .......................................................................................
cos
x
x
e
e dx
x
| |
+ =
|
\

15)
3 1
2
......................................................................................................................
1
x
x
e dx
x
+
| |
+ =
|

V d 3. Tm nguyn hm F(x) ca hm s f(x) tho iu kin cho trc:
a)
3
( ) 4 5; (1) 3 f x x x F = + = b) = = ( ) 3 5cos ; ( ) 2 f x x F
c)
2
3 5
( ) ; ( ) 1
x
f x F e
x
= = d)
2
1 3
( ) ; (1)
2
x
f x F
x
+
= =
e)
= =
3
2
1
( ) ; ( 2) 0
x
f x F
x
f)
1
( ) ; (1) 2 f x x x F
x
= + =
g)
| |
= =
|
\
( ) sin2 . cos ; ' 0
3
f x x x F h)
4 3
2
3 2 5
( ) ; (1) 2
x x
f x F
x
+
= =
i)
3 3
2
3 3 7
( ) ; (0) 8
( 1)
x x x
f x F
x
+ +
= =
+
k)
2

( ) sin ;
2 2 4
x
f x F
| |
= =
|
\

BI TP LUYN TP
Bi 1. Cho hm s g(x). Tm nguyn hm F(x) ca hm s f(x) tho iu kin cho trc:
a)
| |
= + = =
|
\
2
( ) cos ; ( ) sin ; 3
2
g x x x x f x x x F
b) = + = =
2
( ) sin ; ( ) cos ; ( ) 0 g x x x x f x x x F
c)
2
( ) ln ; ( ) ln ; (2) 2 g x x x x f x x F = + = =
Bi 2. Tm iu kin ca tham s hm s F(x) l mt nguyn hm ca hm s f(x):
a)
3 2
2
( ) (3 2) 4 3
. .
( ) 3 10 4
F x mx m x x
Tm m
f x x x
= + + +
= +
b)
2
2
( ) ln 5
. .
2 3
( )
3 5
F x x mx
Tm m
x
f x
x x
= +
+
=
+ +

a)
2 2
2
( ) ( ) 4
. , , .
( ) ( 2) 4
F x ax bx c x x
Tm a b c
f x x x x
= + +
b)
2
( ) ( )
. , , .
( ) ( 3)
x
x
F x ax bx c e
Tm a b c
f x x e
= + +

a)
2 2
2 2
( ) ( )
. , , .
( ) (2 8 7)
x
x
F x ax bx c e
Tm a b c
f x x x e
= + +
= +
b)
2
2
( ) ( )
. , , .
( ) ( 3 2)
x
x
F x ax bx c e
Tm a b c
f x x x e
= + +
= +

a)
( ) ( 1)sin sin2 sin3
. , , .
2 3
( ) cos
b c
F x a x x x
Tm a b c
f x x
= + + +

b)
2
2
( ) ( ) 2 3
. , , .
20 30 7
( )
2 3
F x ax bx c x
Tm a b c
x x
f x
x
= + +
+
=

Bi 6. Tnh cc nguyn hm sau:
1)
( )
5
1
2 I x x dx = +
2)
3 5
2
7
1
3 I x dx
x
| |
=
|
\
3)
( )
5 2 3 3
3
4 2 I x x x dx = +

4)
3
4
2
5
1 2
4
x
I x dx
x
x
| |
= + |
|
\
5)
5
1
x+ dx
x
I
| |
=
|
\
6)
4
6 2
2 3 x
I dx
x
+
=

7)
( )
2
7
1 x
I dx
x
8)
( )
2
3
8
2 1 I x dx =
9)
( )
2
2
9 2
4 x
I dx
x
+
=

10)
4 3 2
10 2
3 2 1 x x x
I dx
x
+ +
=
11)
2
11
x x x x
I dx
x

=
12)
12
3
1 1
I dx
x x
| |
=
|
\

13)
3
13
1
I x dx
x
| |
=
|
\
14)
2
14
3
1
I x dx
x
| |
= +
|
\
15)
( )
2
3
15
2 3 x x
I dx
x

16)
( )( )
4
16
2 I x x x x dx =
17)
17
5
1
(2 3)
I dx
x
=
18)
18
4
1
( 3)
x
I dx
x
+
=

19)
19
sin
2 7
x
I dx
| |
= +
|
\
20)
20
sin 2 sin
3
x
I x dx
| |
= +
|
\
21)
21
sin
2
x
I x dx
| |
= +
|
\

22)
22
1
sin 3 sin
4 2
x
I x dx
| | + | |
= +
| |
\ \
23)
2
23
cos
2
x
I dx =
24)
2
24
sin
2
x
I dx =

26)
26 2
cos 4
dx
I
x
=
27)
( )
27 2
cos 2 1
dx
I
x
=
28)
( )
2
28
tan 2 I x x dx = +

29)
4
29
tan I x dx =
30)
2
30
cot I x dx =
31)
( )
31 2
sin 2 3
dx
I
x
=
+

32)
32
1 cos6
dx
I
x
=
33)
2 2
33 2
1
cot dx I x x
x
| |
= + +
|
\
34)
2
34
1
dx
3 2
I x
x
| |
= +
|
+
\

35)
2
35
1
sin
2 5
I x dx
x
| |
=
|
36)
36
2
dx
3
x
I
x
+
=
37)
37
2 1
4 3
x
I dx
x
=
+

38)
38
6 5
x
I dx
x
=
39)
2
39
11
3
x x
I dx
x
+ +
=
+
40)
2
40
2 5
1
x x
I dx
x
+
=

41)
3 2
41
3 2 1
2
x x x
I dx
x
+ + +
=
+
42)
3 2
42
4 4 1
2 1
x x
I dx
x
+
=
+
43)
2
43
4 6 1
2 1
x x
I dx
x
+ +
=
+

44)
2x 3
44
I e dx
+
=
45)
3 1
45
cos(1 )
x
I x e dx
( = +

46)
2
1
46
.
x
I x e dx
+
=

47)
47 2
2
sin (3 1)
x
I e dx
x
| |
= +
|
+
\
48)
48 2
2
cos
x
x
e
I e dx
x
| |
= +
|
\
49)
( )
1 2 4 3
49
2
x x
I e dx
+
=

50)
50
1
2
x
I dx =
51)
51
2
7
x
x
I dx =
52)
2 1
52
3
x
I dx
+
=

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