You are on page 1of 111

MC LC

TRANG PH BA LI CAM OAN MC LC DANH MC CC T VIT TT DANH MC CC BNG BIU DANH MC CC HNH V, TH M U...............................................................................................................................1 1. TNH CP THIT CA TI.................................................................................1 2. MC CH NGHIN CU..........................................................................................2

3. I TNG V PHM VI NGHIN CU...............................................................3 4. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU..................................................................................3 5. NGHA KHOA HC V THC TIN CA TI.............................................4 6. KT CU CA DE TAI:..............................................................................................4 Chng 1. TNG QUAN TNH HNH PHT TRIN CA MNG THNG TIN DI NG....................................................................................................................................6 1.1 THNG TIN DI NG S LC PHT TRIN.................................................6 1.2 H THNG THNG TIN DI NG 3G THEO 2 NHNH CNG NGH CHNH: ..........................................................................................................................................11 1.2.1 Hng pht trin ln 3G s dng cng ngh WCDMA......................................11 1.2.2 Hng pht trin ln 3G s dng cng ngh CDMA 2000................................12 1.3. MNG UMTS 3G V NH HNG CNG NGH MNG VINAPHONE.....14 1.3.1 nh hng cng ngh & dch v theo tiu chun chu u do 3GPP qui nh p dng cho mng Vinaphone...........................................................................................14 1.3.2 Ni dung ch yu cc phin bn tiu chun 3GPP.............................................14 1.3.2.1 GPP R99.......................................................................................................15 1.3.2.2 3GPP R4.......................................................................................................17 1.3.2.3 3GPP R5.......................................................................................................18 1.3.2.4 3GPP R6 ......................................................................................................20 1.4 KT LUN CHNG..............................................................................................21 Chng 2. H THNG TRUY NHP V TUYN UMTS..........................................22 2.1. NGUYN L CDMA...............................................................................................22 2.1.1. Nguyn l tri ph CDMA ................................................................................22 2.1.2. K thut tri ph v gii tri ph.......................................................................23 2.1.3. K thut a truy nhp CDMA............................................................................23 2.2. MT S C TRUNG LP VT L TRONG MNG TRUY NHP WCDMA ..........................................................................................................................................25 2.2.1. Phng thc song cng......................................................................................25 2.2.2. Dung lng mng ..............................................................................................26 2.2.3. Cc knh giao din v tuyn UTRA FDD.........................................................26 2.2.4. Cu trc Cell......................................................................................................27 2.3 CU TRC H THNG V TUYN UMTS.........................................................28 2.3.1 Node-B................................................................................................................30 2.3.2 RNC (Radio Network Control)...........................................................................30 2.3.3 Cc giao din m c bn ca UMTS..................................................................31 2.4 CC CHC NNG TRONG QUN L TI NGUYN V TUYN..................31 2.4.1 Gii thiu v qun l ti nguyn v tuyn WCDMA.........................................31 2.4.2 iu khin cng sut...........................................................................................32 2.4.3 iu khin chuyn giao.......................................................................................34 2.4.3.1 Chuyn giao trong cng tn s.....................................................................34 2.4.3.2 Chuyn giao gia cc h thng WCDMA v GSM.....................................36 2.4.3.3 Chuyn giao gia cc tn s trong WCDMA...............................................37 2.4.4 iu khin thu np..............................................................................................38 2.4.5 iu khin ti (iu khin nghn).......................................................................40 2.5 KT LUN CHNG..............................................................................................41 Chng 3 M HNH THIT K TNH TON QUY HOCH MNG V TUYN UMTS 3G............................................................................................................................42

3.1 GII THIU V QUY HOCH MNG V TUYN.............................................42 3.1.1 Nguyn l chung.................................................................................................42 3.1.2 Mt s c im cn lu trong quy hoch mng.............................................43 3.1.2.1 D bo..........................................................................................................43 3.1.2.2 Quy hoch vng ph v tuyn......................................................................44 3.1.2.3 Nhiu t nhiu nh khai thc khc...............................................................45 3.2 QUY HOCH NH C MNG.............................................................................45 3.2.1 Tnh ton vng ph sng.....................................................................................46 3.2.1.1 Phn tch vng ph.......................................................................................46 3.2.1.2 Tnh ton qu ng truyn v tuyn..........................................................48 3.2.1.3 Tnh ton bn knh cell.................................................................................53 3.2.2 Phn tch dung lng..........................................................................................54 3.2.2.1 Gii thiu m hnh tnh ton dung lng Erlang-B.....................................54 3.2.2.2 Cc phng php chuyn i lu lng h thng UMTS theo m hnh Erlang.......................................................................................................................56 3.2.2.3 nh c dung lng mng............................................................................57 3.3 QUY HOCH VNG PH V DUNG LNG CHI TIT..................................59 3.4 TI U MNG.........................................................................................................59 3.5 CHNG TRNH TNH TON M PHNG........................................................61 3.5.1 Lu thut ton................................................................................................61 3.5.2 Giao din chng trnh........................................................................................62 ......................................................................................................................................62 ......................................................................................................................................62 3.5.3 Tnh ton m phng............................................................................................62 3.6 KT LUN CHNG..............................................................................................63 Chng 4 HIN TRNG MNG VINAPHONE V NH HNG TRIN KHAI MNG UMTS 3G..............................................................................................................64 4.1 TNG QUAN MNG VINAPHONE.......................................................................64 4.1.1 Tnh hnh pht trin ca Vinaphone nm 2008...................................................64 4.1.2. Tnh hnh mng li tnh n ht nm 2008......................................................65 4.2. HIN TRNG MNG V TUYN........................................................................67 4.2.1 T chc mng v tuyn.......................................................................................67 4.2.2 Dung lng mng v tuyn.................................................................................68 4.3. HIN TRNG MNG LI V DCH V.............................................................69 4.3.1 Cu hnh mng li v dch v hin ti.................................................................69 4.2.2 Dung lng mng li..........................................................................................70 4.4 NH HNG V K HOCH TRIN KHAI MNG 3G...................................71 4.4.1 nh hng kinh doanh thng mi................................................................71 4.4.2 K hoch v d nh trin khai mng 3G............................................................73 4.5 PHNG N TRIN KHAI MNG V TUYN UMTS 3G................................76 4.5.1 Quy m trin khai................................................................................................76 4.5.2 Trin khai chung c s h tng mng 3G/2G.....................................................77 4.6 KT LUN CHNG..............................................................................................82 Chng 5. QUY HOCH V TUYN UMTS 3G MNG VINAPHONE KHU VC TP NNG.....................................................................................................................83 5.1 HIN TRNG V D BO PHT TRIN THU BAO 3G MNG VINAPHONE KHU VC TP NNG..............................................................................................83

5.1.1 Khi qut tnh hnh kinh t x hi ti Tp Nng.............................................83 5.1.2 Tnh hnh pht trin mng Vin thng ti Tp Nng......................................84 5.1.3 Hin trng mng Vinaphone khu vc Tp Nng.............................................86 5.1.4 D bo pht trin thu bao 3G mng Vinaphone khu vc Tp Nng.............86 5.1.4.1 Tnh hnh pht trin thu bao mng Vinaphone khu vc Tp Nng........86 5.1.4.2 D bo pht trin thu bao mng Vinaphone khu vc Tp Nng............87 5.2 THIT K QUY HOCH MNG............................................................................89 5.2.1 Tnh ton s lng Node-B cn thit..................................................................89 5.2.2 Tnh ton dung lng cho Node-B......................................................................91 5.2.3 Kho st lp t trm pha 1.................................................................................94 5.2.3.1 V tr Node-B v RNC..................................................................................94 5.2.3.2 Truyn dn cho Node-B...............................................................................94 5.3 KT LUN CHNG..............................................................................................99 KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN CA TI................................................99 TI LIU THAM KHO...............................................................................................101 PH LC..........................................................................................................................102

DANH MC CC T VIT TT
1xEV- DO 3G 3GPP 3GPP2 A. AGC 1x Evolution Data Optimized Third Generation Third Generation Global Partnership Project Third Generation Global Partnership Project 2 Automatic Gain Control Pha 1- Ti u d liu Th h 3 D n hi nhp ton cu th h 3

B iu khin tng ch t ng

AMR AMPS B. BHCA BER BLER BPSK BSIC BTS C. CDG CDMA CN CRC D. DL DSSS E. EDGE EIRP ETSI F. FDD FDMA FER

Adaptive Multi-Rate codec Advanced Mobile Phone System

B m ho v gii m a tc thch nghi H thng in thoi di ng tin tin (M) S cuc gi trong gi bn Tc li bit. Tc li Block Kho dch pha nh phn. M nhn dng trm gc Trm gc Nhm pht trin CDMA Truy nhp phn chia theo m Mng li M vng kim tra d tha ng xung H thng tri ph chui trc tip Cc tc d liu tng cng cho s tin ho Cng sut bc x ng hng tng ng Vin chun ho vin thng Chu u Phng thc song cng phn chia theo tn s a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s T s li khung

Busy Hour Call Attempts Bit Error Rate Block Error Rate Binary Phase Shift Keying Base station identity code Base Tranceiver Station The CDMA Development Group Code Division Multiple Access Core Network Cylic Redundancy Check Downlink Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Enhanced Data Rates for Evolution Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power European Telecommunication Standard Institute

Frequency Division Duplex Frequency Division Multiple Access Frame Error Rate

G. GGSN GPRS GP GPS

Gateway GPRS Support Node General Packet Radio Service Gain Processer Global Positioning System

Nt h tr cng GPRS Dch v v tuyn gi chung. li xl H thng nh v ton cu.

GSM H. HLR HSDPA HSUPA HO I. IMT-2000 IMT- MC IP ITU Iub Iur K. KPI L. LOS M. ME MMS MGW MPLS MIMO MSC MSS O. OFDM OMC P. PCU

Global System for Mobile Telecommunication Home Location Registor High Speed Downlink Packet Access High Speed Uplink Packet Access Handover International Mobile Telecommunication 2000 IMT- Multicarrier Internet Protocol International Telecommunication Union

H thng vin thng di ng ton cu B ng k thng tr Truy nhp gi ng xung tc cao Truy nhp gi ln xung tc cao Chuyn giao Thng tin di ng ton cu 2000 IMT a sng mang. Giao thc Internet Lin hp vin thng quc t. Giao din gia RNC v nt B Giao din gia 2 RNC.

Key performace Indicator Line of sight Mobile Equipment Multimedia Messaging Service Media Gateway Multiprotocol Label Switching Multi input multi output Mobile Service Switching Centre MSC server Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing Operation Mainternance Center

B ch th hiu nng chnh. Tm nhn thng Thit b di ng Dch v nhn tin a phng tin Nt cng ca Softswitch Chuyn mch nhn a giao thc a phn tp Anten In/Out Trung tm chuyn mch dch v di ng. Nt chuyn mch ca Softswitch Ghp knh phn chia theo tn s trc giao Trung tm iu hnh qun l khai thc n v iu khin gi

Packet Control Unit

PN PPS-IN Q. QPSK R. RAM RAT RNC RNS RRC RRM S. SFN SCP SDP SGSN SHO SIP SIR SMS SNR STP T. TDD TDMA TPC TSC U. UE UL

Pseudo Noise Prepaid System - Interligent Network

Gi tp m H thng iu khin thu bao tr trc IN Kho dch pha cu phng.

Quardrature Phase Phase Shift Keying Radio Access Mode Radio Access Technology Radio Network Controller Radio Network subsystem Radio Resoure Control protocol Radio Resouse Management

Ch truy nhp v tuyn. Cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn. B iu khin mng v tuyn. Phn h mng v tuyn Giao thc iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn Thut ton qun l ti nguyn v tuyn. S hiu khung h thng. Nt h tr iu khin dch v trong PPS-IN Nt h tr iu khin d liu trong PPS-IN Nt h tr GPRS phc v Chuyn giao mm. Giao thc khi to phin T s tn hiu trn nhiu Dch v nhn tin ngn. T s tn hiu trn tp m im chuyn tip bo hiu Phng thc song cng phn chia theo thi gian a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian iu khin cng sut pht Trung tm chuyn tip cuc gi Thit b ngi s dng ng xung

System Frame Number Service Control Point Service Data Point Serving GPRS Support Node. Soft Handover Session Initiation Protocol Signal to Interference Ratio Short Messaging Service Signal to Noise Ratio Signaling Transfer Point Time Division Duplex Time Division Multiple Access Transmission Power Control Trantsit/Gateway Center User Equipment Uplink

UMTS USIM UTRAN V. VLR VOIP W. WCDMA

Universal Mobile Telecommunication System UMTS Subscriber Identify Module UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network

H thng vin thng di ng ton cu. Modul nhn dng thu bao UMTS Mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t UMTS B ng k tm tr Truyn thoi qua giao thc Internet. a truy nhp phn chia theo m bng rng

Visitor Location Registor Voice Over Internet Protocol

Wideband Code Division Multiple Access

DANH MC CC BNG BIU

DANH MC CC HNH V, TH
Hnh 1-1 Qu trnh pht trin ln 3G ca 2 nhnh cng ngh chnh..............................8 Hnh 1-2 nh hng pht trin cng ngh 4G................................................................9 Hnh 1-3 Qu trnh pht trin ln 3G theo nhnh s dng cng ngh WCDMA........11 Hnh 1-4 Qu trnh pht trin ln 3G theo nhnh CDMA 2000....................................12 Hnh 1.5 Cu trc mng 3G theo tiu chun 3GPP R99................................................16 Hnh 1.6 Cu trc mng 3G theo tiu chun 3GPP R4..................................................17 Hnh 1.7 Cu trc mng 3G theo tiu chun 3GPP R5..................................................19 Hnh 1.8 M hnh cung cp dch v s dng giao thc SIP trn IMS..........................20 Hnh 2-1 Qu trnh tri ph v gii tri ph...................................................................23 Hnh 2-2 Cc cng ngh a truy nhp.............................................................................24 Hnh 2-3 Nguyn l ca a truy nhp tri ph................................................................24 Hnh 2-4 Phn b ph tn cho UMTS chu u...............................................................26 Hnh 2-5 S nh x gia cc knh khc nhau............................................................27 Hnh 2-6 Cu trc cell UMTS...........................................................................................28 Hnh 2-7 Cu trc tng th h thng UMTS/GSM.........................................................29 Hnh 2-8 Cc v tr in hnh ca cc chc nng RRM trong mng WCDMA............32 Hnh 2-9 S so snh gia chuyn giao cng v chuyn giao mm. ..........................35 Hnh 2-10 Chuyn giao gia cc h thng GSM v WCDMA.......................................36 Hnh 2-11 Th tc chuyn giao gia cc h thng..........................................................37 Hnh 2-12 Nhu cu chuyn giao gia cc tn s sng mang WCDMA.........................38 Hnh 2-13 Th tc chuyn giao gia cc tn s...............................................................38 Hnh 2-14 ng cong ti..................................................................................................39 Hnh 3-1 Qu trnh quy hoch v trin khai mng WCDMA.......................................43 Hnh 3-2 Qu trnh tnh bn knh vng ph sng...........................................................46 Hnh 3-3 Vng ph sng ca cell theo cc loi dch v khc nhau................................48 Hnh 3-4 nh hng ca SFM n vng ph sng.........................................................51 Hnh 4.1 M t thit b 3G dng chung s h tng 2G ..................................................78 Hnh 4.2 Phng n s dng anten cho 3G ....................................................................79 Hnh 4.3 M t khi qut vic dng chung feeder..........................................................80 Hnh 4.4 M t dng chung thit b ngun......................................................................81 Hnh 4.5 M t dng chung nh trm..............................................................................82

M U
1. TNH CP THIT CA TI Thng tin lin lc l mt nhu cu ca bt k mt x hi pht trin no. p ng nhu cu lin lc ngy cng cao ca x hi, thng tin di ng c nghin cu v pht trin t rt sm, bt u vi cc h thng thng tin di ng s dng cng ngh analog, cho n nay cc mng di ng s dng cng ngh s ang c ng dng rng ri v pht trin v cng mnh m. Mt xu hng r nt trong lnh vc thng tin di ng hin nay l cc nh cung cp dch v ngoi vic m rng dung lng khai thc hin c th vic p dng nghin cu cng nh xc nh l trnh pht trin cng ngh tng cng kh nng cung cp a dch v tt hn n khch hng ngy cng c quan tm nhiu hn. Trong 3G - H thng thng tin di ng th h 3 chnh l gii php cng ngh tin tin ang c cc nh khai thc mng trin khai. Ti Vit Nam, tri qua hn hai thp k pht trin, cho n nay c nc c 7 nh khai thc dch v thng tin di ng s dng cng ngh GSM v CDMA. iu minh chng cho cho s pht trin khng ngng ca h tng mng thng tin di ng trong nc trong xu th hi nhp v th hin s cnh tranh khc lit trong lnh vc ny. Thc t pht trin th trng ti Vit Nam cho thy, n nay cc mng di ng s dng cng ngh GSM ang chim u th tuyt i v s lng khch hng vi 56,5 triu thu bao trn tng s 63,5 triu thu bao di ng (s liu ca Tp ch Khoa hc k thut v kinh t Bu in). Vi s lng thu bao pht trin ln mnh nh vy trong thi gian qua cng vi vic cnh tranh khc lit gia cc nh khai thc dch v thng tin di ng th h tng mng thng tin di ng 2G & 2,5G c khai thc ti a cho cc dch v truyn thng. Do vy c h tng mng thch hp cung cp cc dch v trn nn IP/Internet, cc dch v truyn thng a phng tin multimedia, cc dch v gia tng mi, cc dch v hi t Di ng-C nh, nht l dch v truyn ting ni di dng gi VoIP v iu kin cho php h gi thnh cung cp cc dch v ny nhm tng tnh cnh

tranh vi cc doanh nghip vin thng khc th bt buc cn phi c nhng bc chuyn i, pht trin, nng cp h tng i vi mng di ng hin ti l iu tt yu v ht sc cp thit. Cng ha chung vi s tng trng mnh khng ngng ca pht trin kinh t x hi Vit Nam ni chung v th trng vin thng ni ring, trong nhng nm qua vi nhiu bc pht trin vt bc a mng VinaPhone cng vi MobilePhone, Viettel tr thnh cc nh cung cp dch v thng tin di ng ln ti Vit Nam v quy m pht trin thu bao cng nh h tng mng: tng s thu bao ton mng VinaPhone n ht nm 2008 l 15,5 triu thu bao cng vi h tng mng ln mnh gm: 30 tng i, 135 BSC v trn 9.000 BTS. Vi xu th chung pht trin thu bao di ng ti Vit Nam v nhu cu tng cao v cc dch v di ng Multimedia ...ca khch hng trong thi gian n, mng VinaPhone trn ton quc ni chung v khu vc Tp Nng ni ring cn phi gp rt thc hin nng cp v xy dng h tng mng 3G theo nh hng NGN-Mobile. Vic nghin cu tm hiu v a ra gii php quy hoch thit k chi tit h thng v tuyn UMTS-3G trong thi gian ngn l v cng cp thit i vi vic kinh doanh v pht trin ca mng VinaPhone trong thi gian n. V cng tc quy hoch thit k chi tit s gip VinaPhone ti u v mt ti nguyn x l h thng, ti u v mt khai thc vn hnh bo dng, chi ph u t mng 3G v ph hp vi quy hoch ti u ha mng phn vng thit b 2G. ti Gii php quy hoch mng v tuyn UMTS 3G v p dng trin khai cho mng VinaPhone khu vc Tp Nng s p ng c nhu cu thit thc trong pht trin mng VinaPhone ni chung v khu vc Tp Nng ni ring, a ra dch v 3G sm nht c th l iu rt quan trng v tc ng trc tip n thng hiu, uy tn, nng lc cnh tranh ca doanh nghip. 2. MC CH NGHIN CU - Nghin cu, tm hiu v nh gi hin trng mng VinaPhone ni chung v khu vc Tp Nng ni ring. D bo nhu cu tng trng thu bao 3G ca mng VinaPhone

- Nghin cu gii php quy hoch mng truy nhp v tuyn UMTS 3G. - Trin khai quy hoch c th mng truy nhp v tuyn UMTS 3G cho mng VinaPhone khu vc Tp Nng. 3. I TNG V PHM VI NGHIN CU a) i tng nghin cu: - Mng truy nhp v tuyn VinaPhone khu vc Tp Nng - L thuyt tng quan truy nhp v tuyn WCDMA v cc c im lin quan: iu khin cng sut v chuyn giao trong qun l ti nguyn v tuyn.. - L thuyt quy hoch h thng truy nhp WCDMA v k thut thit k vng ph sng, thit k lu lng. b) Phm vi nghin cu : - Nghin cu l thuyt v quy hoch mng v tuyn UMTS 3G, thit k vng ph sng, thit k lu lng, nh c h thng, truyn dn. - Nghin cu hin trng dung lng v tuyn mng VinaPhone, kh nng v gii php trin khai nng cp ln 3G. - Qua nghin cu, tm hiu, a ra kt qu quy hoch mng v tuyn 3G VinaPhone khu vc Tp Nng. 4. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU - Nghin cu l thuyt, tm hiu cc thng s lin quan n quy hoch v thit k mng v tuyn UMTS 3G nh: qu cng sut ng truyn cho cc loi dch v, h s ti, thng lng cella ra lu thut ton tnh cc thng s lin quan n vic thit k vng ph sng, ng thi xy dng chng trnh m phng tnh ton. - Kho st vng sng theo yu cu thc t cng nh tnh hnh kinh t, x hi, tnh hnh pht trin mng vin thng trn a bn Tp Nng, kt hp vi nh hng pht trin v hin trng ca mng VinaPhone. Trn c s , d bo v tnh ton nhu cu dung lng nh c mng nhm phc v cho vic xy dng cu hnh mng. Sau khi nh c mng, quy hoch vng ph s i n quy hoch chi tit,

tnh ton s lng cc node, chn v tr t trm v d kin phng n truyn dn cho cc node. 5. NGHA KHOA HC V THC TIN CA TI L thuyt v quy hoch mng v tuyn UMTS 3G cng nh cc m hnh mng thng tin di ng 3G c nghin cu v chun ha rng ri trn ton th gii. Tuy nhin vic p dng vo thc t ti mi quc gia, ng vi mi nh khai thc li khng th p dng theo mt l trnh cng nhc no, iu ty thuc vo hon cnh c th, vo iu kin pht trin ca th trng v th phn ca nh khai thc . i vi mng VinaPhone, do lng khch hng ngy cng tng c v s lng v nhu cu dch v, vic trin khai quy hoch chi tit mng v tuyn UMTS 3G p dng cc gii php k thut cng cn c cc nghin cu v nh gi da trn c im c th ca tng vng, ti ny chnh l mt trong nhng nghin cu cng tc quy hoch nh gi, nhm trin khai xy dng h thng truy nhp v tuyn mi vo thc t mt cch bi bn, hiu qu, khng ch p ng nhu cu trc mt m cn l nhu cu pht trin lu di theo l trnh v nh hng nht nh. Kt qu ca ti chnh l mt n chi tit nhm trin khai mng v tuyn UMTS 3G st vi thc t cho mng VinaPhone khu vc Tp Nng trong thi gian gn nht, do mang tnh thc tin cao. 6. KT CU CA DE TAI: De tai bao gm 5 chng, vi ni dung tm tt nh sau: Chng 1: TNG QUAN TNH HNH PHT TRIN CA MNG THNG TIN DI NG Chng ny s gii thiu khi qut s pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng v xu hng pht trin trong giai on n. Trong s tp trung nghin cu lch s pht trin v cc c trng c bn ca h thng UMTS 3G v xu hng pht trin ca mng Vinaphone ln 3G. Chng 2: H THNG TRUY NHP V TUYN UMTS 3G Chng ny s gii thiu khi qut mng truy nhp v tuyn UMTS 3G, trong s tp trung trnh by nhng vn l thuyt lin quan n cng ngh

WCDMA, h thng v tuyn UMTS 3G v nhng c trng ca cng ngh WCDMA, iu khin cng sut v iu khin chuyn giao trong qun l ti nguyn v tuyn WCDMA Chng 3: M HNH THIT K TNH TON QUY HOCH MNG V TUYN UMTS 3G. Chng ny trnh by v bi ton thit k quy hoch v xy dng h thng v tuyn UMTS 3G theo cc thng s v c trung ring ca h thng. T xy dng chng trnh m phng vic tnh ton chi tit vng ph sng v dung lng h thng. Chng 4: HIN TRNG VINAPHONE V NH HNG TRIN KHAI MNG V TUYN UMTS 3G Vi s gip ca Cng ty Dch v vin thng VinaPhone, m c bit l Ban 3G-NGN, chng ny s cung cp cc s liu thc t ca ton mng VinaPhone tnh n ht thng 6/2009. T y s a ra cc nh hng pht trin mng v tuyn UMTS 3G cho mng VinaPhone trong giai on 2009-2023. Chng 5: QUY HOCH V TUYN UMTS 3G MNG VINAPHONE KHU VC TP NNG Kho st c th yu cu thc t qua tnh hnh kinh t, x hi, tnh hnh pht trin mng vin thng trn a bn Tp Nng, kt hp vi nh hng pht trin v hin trng ca mng VinaPhone. Trn c s , d bo v tnh ton nhu cu dung lng, vng ph xy dng thit k chi tit mng truy nhp v tuyn UMTS 3G mng VinaPhone khu vc Tp Nng.

Chng 1. TNG QUAN TNH HNH PHT TRIN CA MNG THNG TIN DI NG
1.1 THNG TIN DI NG S LC PHT TRIN H thng thng tin di ng theo l trnh pht trin n nay c cc th h sau: - Th h th nht 1G: H thng thng tin di ng s dng cng ngh a truy nhp theo tn s (FDMA) l h thng t bo tng t dung lng thp v ch c dch v thoi, tn ti l cc h thng NMT (Bc u), TACS (Anh), AMPS (M). n nhng nm 1980 tr nn qu ti khi nhu cu v s ngi s dng ngy cng tng ln. Lc ny, cc nh pht trin cng ngh di ng trn th gii nhn nh cn phi xy dng mt h thng t bo th h 2 m hon ton s dng cng ngh s. phi l cc h thng x l tn hiu s cung cp c dung lng ln, cht lng thoi c ci thin, c th p ng cc dch truyn s liu tc thp. - Th h th hai 2G : Cc h thng 2G gm: GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication - Chu u), h thng D-AMPS (M) s dng cng ngh a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian TDMA, IS-95 M v Hn Quc s dng cng ngh a truy nhp phn chia theo m CDMA bng hp. Do tnh chun ha v tng thch qui m vng. Nhiu mng 2G gt hi c thnh cng ng k v c gii php k thut cng nh hiu qu kinh doanh. Mt trong s ny l s thnh cng ca h thng GSM v y chnh l mt thnh cng ln hn mong i. n nm nm 1999, tng thng lng truyn phc v nhu cu truyn thng tin trn mng di ng 2G, GPRS ra i. GPRS i khi c xem nh l 2,5G. Tc truyn data rate ca GPRS ci tin tc truyn tng ln gp 3 ln so vi GSM, tc l 20-30Kbps. GPRS cho php pht trin dch v WAP v Internet (email) tc thp. Tip theo sau, nm 2000, EDGE ra i vi kh nng cung ng tc ln c 250 Kbps (trn l thuyt). EDGE cn c bit n nh l 2,75G (trn ng tin ti 3G)

Mc d h thng thng tin di ng 2G c coi l nhng tin b ng k nhng vn gp phi cc hn ch sau: Tc thp v ti nguyn hn hp. V th cn thit phi chuyn i ln mng thng tin di ng th h tip theo ci thin dch v truyn s liu, nng cao tc bit v ti nguyn c chia s Mt khc, khi cc h thng thng tin di ng ngy cng pht trin, khng ch s lng ngi s dng in thoi di ng tng ln, m rng th trng m ngi s dng cn i hi cc dch v tin tin hn khng ch l cc dch v cuc gi thoi truyn thng v dch v s liu tc thp hin c trong mng hin ti. Nhu cu ca th trng c th phn loi thnh cc lnh vc nh: Dch v d liu my tnh, dch v vin thng, dch v ni dung s nh m thanh hnh nh. Nhng l do trn thc y cc t chc nghin cu pht trin h thng thng tin di ng trn th gii tin hnh nghin cu v p dng trong thc t chun mi cho h thng thng tin di ng: Thng tin di ng 3G - Th h th ba 3G: nh hng thit lp mt h thng thng tin di ng ton cu. T nhu cu thc tin cn phi pht trin ln 3G, cc nh cung cp dch v mng a ra cc tiu ch chung pht trin ln mng di ng 3G nh sau: - H thng phi c chun ha hon ton; cc giao din chnh phi c chun ha v m; - H thng phi b sung cho h thng hin ti trn mi kha cnh; - Multimedia v tt c cc thnh phn ca multimedia phi c h thng h tr; - Truy nhp radio ca 3G phi cung cp kh nng bng rng; - Cc dch v i vi ngi dng u cui c lp vi chi tit cng ngh, v h tng mng khng gii hn a ra dch v. Vy nn phi tch bit platform cng ngh vi dch v s dng platform . tng chnh yu n cha sau 3G l chun b mt h tng vn nng c kh nng ti cc dch v hin ti v tng lai. H tng phi c thit k sao cho nhng i thay v tin trin cng ngh c th c mng h tr khng gy ra mt bt n no i vi cc dch v s dng cu trc mng hin ti. lm c vy, 3G tch

bit cng ngh truy cp, cng ngh truyn ti, cng ngh dch v (iu khin u ni) v nhng ng dng ngi dng. Hin ti c nhiu chun cng ngh cho 2G nn s c nhiu chun cng ngh 3G i theo, tuy nhin trn thc t ch c 2 tiu chun quan trng nht c sn phm thng mi v c kh nng c trin khai rng ri trn ton th gii l WCDMA (FDD) v CDMA 2000. WCDMA c pht trin trn c s tng thch vi giao thc ca mng li GSM (GSM MAP), mt h thng chim ti 65% th trng th gii. Cn CDMA 2000 nhm tng thch vi mng li IS-41, hin chim 15% th trng. Qu trnh pht trin ln 3G cng s tp trung vo 2 hng chnh ny, c th c tm tt trong hnh 1-1.

Hnh 1-1 Qu trnh pht trin ln 3G ca 2 nhnh cng ngh chnh - Th h th t 4G: Cc nh cung cp dch v v ngi dng u lun mong mun v hng ti cc cng ngh khng dy c th cung cp c nhiu loi hnh dch v hn vi tnh nng v cht lng dch v cao hn. Vi cch nhn nhn

ny, Lin minh Vin thng quc t (ITU) v ang lm vic hng ti mt chun cho mng di ng t bo mi th h th t 4G. ITU ln k hoch c th cho ra i chun ny mt vi nm ti. Cng ngh ny s cho php thoi da trn IP, truyn s liu v a phng tin vi tc cao hn rt nhiu so vi cc cng ngh ca mng di ng hin nay. V l thuyt, theo tnh ton d kin tc truyn d liu c th ln ti 288 Mb/s. Cho n hin nay, cha c mt chun no r rng cho 4G c thng qua. Tuy nhin, nhng cng ngh pht trin cho 3G hin nay s lm tin cho ITU xem xt pht trin cho chun 4G. Cc s c quan trng ITU thng qua cho chun 4G chnh l t h tr ca cc cng ty di ng ton cu; cc t chc chun ha v c bit l s xut hin ca ba cng ngh cho vic pht trin mng di ng t bo LTE (Long-Term Evolution), UMB (Ultramobile Broadband) v WiMAX II (IEEE 802.16m). Ba cng ngh ny c th c xem l cc cng ngh tin 4G. Chng s l cc cng ngh quan trng gip ITU xy dng cc pht hnh cho chun 4G trong thi gian ti.

Hnh 1-2 nh hng pht trin cng ngh 4G Sau y xem xt ba cng ngh c xem l cc cng ngh tin 4G, l cc cng ngh lm s c xy dng nn chun 4G trong tng lai, gm: - LTE (Long-Term Evolution) T chc chun ha cng ngh mng thng tin di ng 3G UMTS 3GPP bao gm cc t chc chun ha ca cc nc chu , chu u v Bc M bt u chun ha th h tip theo ca mng di ng 3G l LTE.

10

LTE c xy dng trn nn cng ngh GSM, v th n d dng thay th v trin khai cho nhiu nh cung cp dch v. Nhng khc vi GSM, LTE s dng phng thc ghp knh phn chia theo tn s trc giao (OFDM). LTE s dng ph tn mt cch thch hp v mm do, n c th hot ng bng tn c rng t 1,25MHz cho ti 20MHz. Tc truyn d liu ln nht v l thuyt ca LTE c th t ti 250Mb/s khi rng bng tn l 20MHz. LTE khc vi cc cng ngh tin 4G khc nh WiMAX II ch n ch s dng a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s trc giao hng ln, cn hng xung n s dng a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s n sng mang nng cao hiu qu trong vic iu khin cng sut v nng cao thi gian s dng pin cho thit b u cui ca khch hng. - UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband): T chc chun ha cng ngh thng tin di ng 3G CDMA2000 3GPP2 (3rd Generation Partnership Project 2) c thnh lp v pht trin bi cc t chc vin thng ca Nht, Trung Quc, Bc M v Hn Quc xut pht trin UMB. Thnh vin ca 3GPP2, Qualcomm l ngi i u trong n lc pht trin UMB, mc d cng ty ny cng ch tm c vo vic pht trin LTE. UMB da trn CDMA c th hot ng bng tn c rng t 1,25MHz n 20MHz v lm vic nhiu di tn s. UMB c xut vi tc truyn d liu ln ti 288Mb/s cho lung xung v 75Mb/s cho lung trn vi rng bng tn s dng l 20MHz. Cng ngh ny s cung cp kt ni thng qua cc sng mang da trn a truy nhp phn chia theo m CDMA. - IEEE 802.16m (WiMAX II): Nh chng ta bit, WiMAX hay chun 802.16 ban u c xy dng cho mc ch chnh l cung cp cc dch v mng c nh. Chun IEEE 802.16e c pht trin thm tnh nng di ng t cc chun WiMAX trc . IEEE 802.16 l mt chui cc chun do IEEE pht trin, chng h tr c c nh v di ng, l cng ngh truyn thng, truy nhp din rng, n cng c gi vi mt tn khc l WiMAX. WiMAX hot ng trong di tn t 10GHz n 66 GHz.

11

IEEE 802.16m hay cn gi l WiMAX II l cng ngh duy nht trong cc cng ngh tin 4G c xy dng hon ton da trn cng ngh a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s trc giao OFDMA. WiMAX II c pht trin ln t chun IEEE 802.16e. Cng ngh WiMAX II s h tr tc truyn d liu ln ti 100Mb/s cho cc ng dng di ng v c th ln ti 1Gb/s cho cc ngi dng tnh. Khong cch truyn cho WiMAX II s khong 2 km mi trng thnh th v l khong 10 km cho cc khu vc nng thn. 1.2 H THNG THNG TIN DI NG 3G THEO 2 NHNH CNG NGH CHNH: 1.2.1 Hng pht trin ln 3G s dng cng ngh WCDMA WCDMA l mt tiu chun thng tin di ng 3G ca IMT-2000 c pht trin ch yu Chu u vi mc ch cho php cc mng cung cp kh nng chuyn vng ton cu v h tr nhiu dch v thoi, dch v a phng tin. Cc mng WCDMA c xy dng da trn c s mng GSM, tn dng c s h tng sn c ca cc nh khai thc mng GSM. Qu trnh pht trin t GSM ln WCDMA qua cc giai on trung gian, c th c tm tt trong s sau y:

Hnh 1-3 Qu trnh pht trin ln 3G theo nhnh s dng cng ngh WCDMA - GPRS: GPRS cung cp cc kt ni s liu chuyn mch gi vi tc truyn ln ti 171,2Kbps (tc s liu nh) v h tr giao thc Internet TCP/IP v X25, nh vy tng cng ng k cc dch v s liu ca GSM. Cng vic tch hp GPRS vo mng GSM hin ti l mt qu trnh n gin. Mt phn cc khe trn giao din v tuyn dnh cho GPRS, cho php ghp knh s liu gi c lp lch trnh trc i vi mt s trm di ng. Cn mng li GSM c to thnh t cc kt ni chuyn mch knh c m rng bng cch thm vo cc nt chuyn mch s liu Gateway mi, c gi l GGSN v SGSN. GPRS l

12

mt gii php c chun ho hon ton vi cc giao din m rng v c th chuyn thng ln 3G v cu trc mng li. - EDGE: H thng 2,5G tip theo i vi GSM l EDGE. EDGE p dng phng php iu ch 8PSK, iu ny lm tng tc ca GSM ln 3 ln. EDGE l l tng i vi pht trin GSM, n ch cn nng cp phn mm trm gc. Nu EDGE c kt hp cng vi GPRS th khi c gi l EGPRS. Tc ti a i vi EGPRS khi s dng c 8 khe thi gian l 384kbps.
- WCDMA: WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) l mt

cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn c pht trin mnh Chu u. H thng ny hot ng ch FDD & TDD v da trn k thut tri ph chui trc tip (DSSSDirect Sequence Spectrum) s dng tc chip 3,84Mcps bn trong bng tn 5MHz. WCDMA h tr trn vn c dch v chuyn mch knh v chuyn mch gi tc cao v m bo s hot ng ng thi cc dch v hn hp vi ch gi hot ng mc hiu qu cao nht. Hn na WCDMA c th h tr cc tc s liu khc nhau, da trn th tc iu chnh tc . 1.2.2 Hng pht trin ln 3G s dng cng ngh CDMA 2000. H thng CDMA 2000 gm mt s nhnh hoc giai on pht trin khc nhau h tr cc dch v ph c tng cng. Ni chung CDMA 2000 l mt cch tip cn a sng mang cho cc sng c rng n ln 1,25MHz hot ng ch FDD. Nhng cng vic chun ho tp trung vo gii php mt sng mang n 1,25MHz (1x) vi tc chip gn ging IS-95. CDMA 2000 c pht trin t cc mng IS-95 ca h thng thng tin di ng 2G, c th m t qu trnh pht trin trong hnh v sau:

Hnh 1-4 Qu trnh pht trin ln 3G theo nhnh CDMA 2000.

13

- IS-95B: IS-95B hay CDMA One c coi l cng ngh thng tin di ng 2,5G thuc nhnh pht trin CDMA 2000, l mt tiu chun kh linh hot cho php cung cp dch v s liu tc ln n 115Kbps - CDMA 2000 1xRTT: Giai on u ca CDMA2000 c gi l 1xRTT hay ch l 1xEV-DO, c thit k nhm ci thin dung lng thoi ca IS-95B v h tr kh nng truyn s liu tc nh ln ti 307,2Kbps. Tuy nhin, cc thit b u cui thng mi ca 1x mi ch cho php tc s liu nh ln ti 153,6kbps. -CDMA 2000 1xEV-DO: 1xEV-DO c hnh thnh t cng ngh HDR (High Data Rate) ca Qualcomm v c chp nhn vi tn ny nh l mt tiu chun thng tin di ng 3G vo thng 8 nm 2001 v bo hiu cho s pht trin ca gii php n sng mang i vi truyn s liu gi ring bit. Nguyn l c bn ca h thng ny l chia cc dch v thoi v dch v s liu tc cao vo cc sng mang khc nhau. 1xEV-DO c th c xem nh mt mng s liu xp chng, yu cu mt sng mang ring. tin hnh cc cuc gi va c thoi, va c s liu trn cu trc xp chng ny cn c cc thit b hot ng 2 ch 1x v 1xEV-DO. - CDMA 2000 1xEV-DV: Trong cng ngh 1xEV-DO c s d tha v ti nguyn do s phn bit c nh ti nguyn dnh cho thoi v ti nguyn dnh cho s liu. Do CDG (nhm pht trin CDMA) khi u pha th ba ca CDMA 2000 bng cc a cc dch v thoi v s liu quay v ch dng mt sng mang 1,25MHz v tip tc duy tr s tng thch ngc vi 1xRTT. Tc s liu cc i ca ngi s dng ln ti 3,1Mbps tng ng vi kch thc gi d liu 3.940 bit trong khong thi gian 1,25ms. - CDMA 2000 3x(MC- CDMA ): CDMA 2000 3x hay 3xRTT cp n s la chn a sng mang ban u trong cu hnh v tuyn CDMA 2000 v c gi l MC-CDMA (Multi carrier) thuc IMT-MC trong IMT-2000. Cng ngh ny lin quan n vic s dng 3 sng mang 1x tng tc s liu v c thit k cho di tn 5MHz (gm 3 knh 1,25Mhz). S la chn a sng mang ny ch p dng c trong truyn dn ng xung. ng ln tri ph trc tip, ging nh WCDMA vi tc chip hi thp hn mt t 3,6864Mcps (3 ln 1,2288Mcps).

14

1.3. MNG UMTS 3G V NH HNG CNG NGH MNG VINAPHONE 1.3.1 nh hng cng ngh & dch v theo tiu chun chu u do 3GPP qui nh p dng cho mng Vinaphone Chun 3GPP qui nh pht trin cng ngh v cu trc mng GSM 2G truyn thng pht trin ln UMTS 3G theo nhnh s dng cng ngh WCDMA vi xu hng s dng truyn ti TDM tin n mt mng "All IP" theo trnh t phin bn: 3GPP R99, 3GPP R4, 3GPP R5 v 3GPP R6. Mng Vinaphone trong giai on hn 13 nm qua u t tr thnh mng GSM 2,5G v l phn u trong qu trnh chun ho 3 GPP. V vy La chn nh hng tin trin thng tin di ng ln 3G cho mang Vinaphone theo tiu chun chu u do 3GPP khuyn ngh v: - Chun ETSI cho thng tin di ng GSM ng nht cho cc nc chu u c th s dng ton cu ha thng tin mobile nh hng 3G; - Mng VINAPHONE ang theo chun GSM/ETSI chu u l GSM 900/1800. - UMTS tha hng nhiu phn t chc nng t GSM hin ti. Nn vic tn dng cc thit b ang c trn mng s em li nhiu thun li ln cho Vinaphone . 1.3.2 Ni dung ch yu cc phin bn tiu chun 3GPP ETSI l t chc tiu chun thng tin di ng GSM trong nhng nm 1980 v 1990. ETSI cn xy dng cu trc chun ha mng GPRS. Chun cui cng ETSI xy dng nm 1998. 3GPP thnh lp nm 1998 l t chc kt hp ca cc t chc tiu chun ha: chu u, Nht, Nam Triu tin, M v Trung quc. Mc ch chun ha h thng thng tin di ng 3G theo nh hng: - Phn truy nhp v tuyn s dng WCDMA v TD-CDMA; - Phn core: pht trin t GSM, k tha nhng nhng tiu chun ETSI do SMG xy dng. n nm 2001, sau khi hon thnh phin bn 3GPP R99, 3GPP chia thnh hai t chc:

15

- 3GPP: xy dng cc tiu chun pht trin mng core, dch v, cu trc h thng, truy cp radio WCDMA v TD-CDMA; - ETSI SMG: pht trin truy nhp radio GSM v EDGE. Trong 3GPP xy dng cc b tiu chun trn c s nm. Phin bn u tin l 3GPP Release 99 (3GPP R99). n nay 3GPP c 04 phin bn v ang c cc nh khai thc trn th gii p dng: - 3GPP release 99 (3GPP R99): chnh thc c p dng t thng 3/2001; - 3GPP release 4 (3GPP R4): chnh thc c p dng t thng 9/2002; - 3GPP release 5 (3GPP R5): thng 12/2003 ang c p dng; - 3GPP release 6 (3GPP R6): b sung nhng im thiu trong IMS 3GPP R5 v a thm vo mt s features mi; tin ti mt mng truyn ti All IP. Ni dung c bn tng phin bn 3GPP qui nh nh sau: 1.3.2.1 GPP R99 a) Nhng yu cu chnh Tp trung vo s ang hin din ca mng GSM, c 02 yu cu t ra l: - Mng UMTS phi tng thch vi mng GSM ang tn ti; - Hai mng UMTS v GSM phi c kh nng lm vic tng tc. Truy nhp v tuyn WCDMA l im mu cht nht m 3GPP R99 gii quyt. Thm vo , UTRAN cng c a ra vi giao din Iu. So snh vi cc giao din A v Gb trong GSM, 3GPP R99 t c hai im c bn: - Transcoding cho speech trn Iu c core m nhim thay cho BTS trong GSM; - M ha s liu di ng mc cell trn giao din Iu c RNC m nhn thay cho SGSN i vi GPRS. Vy n gin, mng 3G R99 l h thng mng GSM-based. l mt mng GSM c hai mng truy cp v hai mng truy cp cung cp lu lng c tc khc nhau cho c hai min core CS v PS. b) Cu hnh k thut

16

3GPP a ra mt phng php truy nhp v tuyn mi WCDMA. Thit b v tuyn WCDMA khng tng thch vi thit b v tuyn GSM nn phi a b sung mt h thng thit b mi l RNC v Node-B. Phn mng v tuyn WCDMA gi l UTRAN. Mt yu cu chnh cho UMTS l hot ng tng tc GSM/UMTS. V d handover t GERAN sang UTRAN v ngc li. Yu cu ny c thc hin bi: - Th nht: hng downlink, giao din air GSM c c pht trin c th qung b thng tin sng WCDMA. Cng nh vy downlink ca radio WCDMA cng qung b thng tin v sng GSM; - Th hai: nhm gim thiu u t, cc chun 3GPP yu cu 2G MSC/VLR GSM phi lm vic c vi UTRAN.

Hnh 1.5 Cu trc mng 3G theo tiu chun 3GPP R99 Cc im quan trng ca phn Core trong 3GPP R99, gm: - Cc node core trong min CS nh MSC/VLR v HLR/AuC/EIR phi thay i v phi s l ng thi c thu bao 2G v 3G. - Vi min PS: tn v s lng cc node mng GPRS ging trong 2G, nhng chc nng SGSN th rt khc. Trong 2G, SGSN m nhim chc nng qun l di ng (MM) cho ni mch gi s liu. Trong 3G chc nng MM c RNC v SGSN san s. Ngha l min PS khng qun l s thay i cell ca thu bao trong UTRAN m l RNC.

17

1.3.2.2 3GPP R4 a) Nhng yu cu chnh Cha c IMS, ch n nh nhng thay i trong min CS core UMTS tch lung d liu ngi dng ra khi cc c ch iu khin cng mt s kha cnh khc, ch yu nh sau: - Chc nng iu khin s dng MSC Server. Chc nng chuyn mch d liu ngi s dng dng MGW; - IP transport cho cc giao thc mng core; - IP ha cho giao din Gb min PS; b) Cu hnh k thut - MSC min CS trong GSM truyn thng c 3GPP R4 tch ring chc nng iu khin s dng MSC Server vi chc nng ni mch vn chuyn lu lng s dng MGW. - MSC Server v MGW c quan h mt-nhiu. Mt MSC Server c th iu khin nhiu MGW. - V c bn 3GPP R4 khng cung cp, ci thin thm dch v. - Cu trc 3GPP R4 bt u a IP vo h thng Core CS. Cu trc softwsitch to bi MSC Server MGW to tin nh hng transport All IP. Gim chi ph truyn dn, phn lp cu trc chc nng; nh hng pht trin dch v c lp vi h tng mng.

Hnh 1.6 Cu trc mng 3G theo tiu chun 3GPP R4

18

im quan trng nht trong 3G R4 l: - 3G R4 l ng thi IP ha ton b min CS. Truyn ti cng IP/ATM, chuyn mch cng IP/ATM. Cng ngh SOFTSWITCH c a vo nhm mc ch ny. Cng ngh SOFTSWITCH tch MSC c in thnh: + MSC-Server l phn t iu khin, ni IP giao thc MEGACO n + Media Gateway l phn t chuyn mch dch v ngi dng. Dch v ngi dng l dch v c trn min chuyn mch knh CS truyn thng, nhng li dng chuyn mch IP/ATM. 1.3.2.3 3GPP R5 a) Nhng yu cu chnh - a IMS vo mng UMTS, cung cp c ch v t chc multimedia. IP v cc giao thc trn IP cng s c s dng lm c ch iu khin. D liu ngi dng v c bn cng da trn IP. IP cng c s dng lm giao thc truyn thay th SS7, mt giao thc chnh ang dng trong dch v chuyn mch knh. - 3GPP R5 a IMS vo tiu chun ha. IMS c h tr bi cu trc tiu chun c lp da trn IP v c ni vi cc mng thoi v s liu hin ti cho c ngi s dng mng c nh (nh PSTN, ISDN, Internet) v mobile (nh GSM, CDMA). - Kin trc IMS c kh nng thit lp truyn thng IP peer-to-peer vi tt c cc lient vi yu cu cht lng dch v. Thm vo kh nng qun l phin lm vic, kin trc IMS cng c cc chc nng a ch, m l iu cn thit t chc dch v (nh ng k, bo mt, cc, iu khin truyn thng, roaming). IMS s to nn tri tim ca mng core. 3GPP R5 cng chun ha c ch dch v IP multimedia da trn SIP. SIP cha cc chc nng phn t logic, m t phng cch ni cc phn t, a ra cc giao thc v cc th tc. b) Cu hnh k thut

19

Hnh 1.7 Cu trc mng 3G theo tiu chun 3GPP R5 Nhng im chnh tp trung vo: - Vn chuyn IP trn ton b h thng mng t BS n network border gateway; - a IMS vo bt u ng dng cc dch v multimedia; - Hp nht giao din m gia cc mng truy cp v mng core khc nhau; - t c nng lc cao trn giao din v tuyn UTRAN hng downlink. 3G R5 n gin ha cu trc mng cho php cc giao thc truyn ti s dng hiu qu hn so vi 3G R4, IP ha ton b truyn ti lm n gin ha cu trc truyn ti. V dch v, IMS ng vai tr chnh trong 3G R5 v trong c nhng pht trin dch v tng lai. Trong pha ny, 3GPP khuyn ngh v tuyn UTRAN trin khai cng ngh HSDPA tng tc s liu downlink nhm cung cp hiu qu cc dch v khng i xng (ti s liu downlink ln hn uplink nhiu). c) IMS Mt mng 3G UMTS hon thin qua 3G R99, R4 cung cp c mt h tng mng truyn ti IP linh hot cho cc terminal s dng GPRS, EDGE, v WCDMA cho cc dch v s liu.

20

IMS l mt gii php pht trin tch bit nhng IMS lm h tng cho php trin khai cung cp dch v trn nhiu h tng mng khc nhau. Mt trong s l mng 3G UMTS.

Hnh 1.8 M hnh cung cp dch v s dng giao thc SIP trn IMS IMS cung cp mt c ch ni mch ni cc terminal s dng IP. Hnh I.5, IMS dng giao thc SIP trn min PS iu khin phin cung cp cc dch v multimedia. Qua IP v qua IMS , ngi dng s dng terminal IP thit lp cc ni mch vi cc Server Dch v khc nhau nhn dch v, v c bit, dng cc dch v IP gia cc my u cui.

Lc ny pht trin dch v 3G l pht trin cc ng dng Aplication Server


trn nn IMS. 1.3.2.4 3GPP R6 3GPP R6 b xung nhng im thiu trong IMS 3GPP R5 v a thm vo mt s features mi c nh hnh r rng. Nhng ni dung khc ch l xu hng. Xu hng pht trin cc phin bn 3GPP cao hn R5 bao gm: - Hon thin IP ha ton mng UMTS; - Trin khai cng ngh truy cp HSUPA cho WCDMA nhm nng kh nng uplink cho cc dch dng IP

21

- Nghin cu a truy nhp v cc mng hot ng tng tc nh hng hi t. 1.4 KT LUN CHNG Mi thc s pht trin trong vng 20 nm, nhng nhng bc tin trong cng ngh cng nh trong s pht trin th trng ca mng di ng cho thy thng tin di ng l mt nhu cu thit yu v quan trng i vi ngi dng. n nay, in thoi di khng ch dng gi in, nhn tin SMS m cn c th gi v nhn MMS, email; lu cc tp m thanh, hnh nh, d liu cng chc nng nghe nhc, gii tr; lt web, xem TV trc tuyn Cc nh cung cp dch v v ngi dng u lun mong mun v hng ti cc cng ngh khng dy c th cung cp c nhiu loi hnh dch v hn vi tnh nng v cht lng dch v cao hn. Qua cc giai on pht trin cc th h thng tin di ng t 1G, 2G, 3G v 4G trong tng lai u gn cht vi nhu cu ca ngi dng thng qua cc tc dch v ca cc th h. Hin nay, phn ln cc nh khai thc vin thng ln trn th gii u ln k hoch thc hin 4G cho cc vng th, ni m c nhiu cc t chc, cng ty cng nh s lng khch hng ln - cc i tng m lun mong mun cc dch v cht lng tt v tc truyn d liu cao. Tuy nhin, trc mt cc nh u t s tip tc cung cp cc dch v 3G cng nh 3,5G v n c xem nh l qu trnh thc hin tng bc cho 4G. iu ny khng ch gip h tip tc m rng vng ph sng, gia tng s lng khch hng v gip thu hi vn u t cho 3G. Vi ngi dng, h c th chuyn d dng sang cng ngh 4G, bi n gin vi h ch l s m rng cc ng dng ca mng 3G hay 3,5G m h ang dng.

22

Chng 2. H THNG TRUY NHP V TUYN UMTS


2.1. NGUYN L CDMA 2.1.1. Nguyn l tri ph CDMA Theo nguyn l dung lng knh truyn ca Shannon c m t trong (1.1), th dung lng knh truyn c th c tng ln bng cch tng bng tn knh truyn.

C = B.log 2 (1 +

S ) N

(1.1)

Trong B l bng thng (Hz), C l dung lng knh (bit/s), S l cng sut tn hiu v N l cng sut tp m. V vy, vi mt t s S/N c th, dung lng tng ln nu bng thng s dng truyn tng. CDMA l cng ngh thc hin tri tn hiu gc thnh tn hiu bng rng trc khi truyn i. T s rng bng tn truyn thc vi rng bng tn ca thng tin cn truyn c gi l li x l (GP ) hoc l h s tri ph.

Gp =

Bt Bi

hoc

Gp =

B R

(1.2)

Trong Bt :l rng bng tn truyn thc t Bi : rng bng tn ca tn hiu mang tin B : l rng bng tn RF R : l tc thng tin Mi quan h gia t s S/N v t s E b/I0 (trong Eb l nng lng trn mt bit v I0 l mt ph nng lng tp m) th hin trong cng thc sau :

S Eb R Eb 1 = = N I0 B I0 Gp

(1.3)

23

Do vy, vi mt yu cu E b/I0 xc nh v li x l cng cao, th t s S/N yu cu cng thp. i vi h thng CDMA u tin l CDMA IS-95, bng thng truyn dn l 1,25MHz v v sau trong h thng WCDMA, bng thng truyn khong 5MHz. 2.1.2. K thut tri ph v gii tri ph Tri ph v gii tri ph l hot ng c bn nht trong cc h thng DSCDMA. D liu ngi s dng gi s l chui bit c iu ch BPSK c tc l R. Hot ng tri ph chnh l nhn mi bit d liu ngi s dng vi mt chui n bit m, c gi l cc chip. y, ta ly n=8 th h s tri ph l 8, ngha l khi thc hin iu ch tri ph BPSK th kt qu tc d liu s l 8x R v c dng xut hin ngu nhin nh l m tri ph. Vic tng tc d liu ln 8 ln p ng vic m rng (vi h s l 8) ph ca tn hiu d liu ngi s dng c tri ra. Tn hiu bng rng ny s c truyn qua cc knh v tuyn n u cui thu.

Hnh 2-1 Qu trnh tri ph v gii tri ph Trong qu trnh gii tri ph, cc chui chip/d liu ngi s dng tri ph c nhn tng bit vi cng cc chip m 8 c s dng trong qu trnh tri ph. Nh trn hnh v tn hiu ngi s dng ban u c khi phc hon ton. 2.1.3. K thut a truy nhp CDMA Mt mng thng tin di ng l mt h thng nhiu ngi s dng, trong mt s lng ln ngi s dng chia s ngun ti nguyn vt l chung truyn v

24

nhn thng tin. Dung lng a truy nhp l mt trong cc yu t c bn ca h thng. Trong lch s thng tin di ng tn ti cc cng ngh a truy nhp khc nhau : TDMA, FDMA v CDMA. S khc nhau gia chng c ch ra trong hnh 2-2.

Hnh 2-2 Cc cng ngh a truy nhp Trong h thng CDMA, cc tn hiu cho ngi s dng khc nhau c truyn i trong cng mt bng tn ti cng mt thi im. Mi tn hiu ngi s dng ng vai tr nh l nhiu i vi tn hiu ca ngi s dng khc, do dung lng ca h thng CDMA gn nh l mc nhiu v khng c con s ln nht c nh nn dung lng ca h thng CDMA c gi l dung lng mm. Hnh 2-3 ch ra mt v d lm th no 3 ngi s dng c th truy nhp ng thi trong mt h thng CDMA.

Hnh 2-3 Nguyn l ca a truy nhp tri ph

25

Ti bn thu, ngi s dng 2 s gii tri ph tn hiu thng tin ca n tr li tn hiu bng hp, ch khng phi tn hiu ca bt c ngi no khc. Bi v s tng quan cho gia m ca ngi s dng mong mun v cc m ca ngi s dng khc l rt nh. li x l v c im bng rng ca qu trnh x l em li nhiu li ch cho cc h thng CDMA, nh hiu sut ph cao v dung lng mm. Tuy nhin, tt c nhng li ch yu cu vic s dng k thut iu khin cng sut mt cch nghim ngt v chuyn giao mm nhm trnh cho tn hiu ca ngi s dng ny che thng tin ca ngi s dng khc. 2.2. MT S C TRUNG LP VT L TRONG MNG TRUY NHP WCDMA 2.2.1. Phng thc song cng. Hai phng thc song cng c s dng trong kin trc WCDMA: Song cng phn chia theo thi gian (TDD) v song cng phn chia theo tn s (FDD). Phng php FDD cn hai bng tn cho ng ln v ng xung. Phng thc TDD ch cn mt bng tn. Thng thng ph tn s c bn cho cc nh khai thc theo cc di c th bng 2x10MHz hoc 2x15MHz cho mi b iu khin. Mc d c mt s c im khc nhau nhng c hai phng thc u c tng hiu sut gn ging nhau. Ch TDD khng cho php gia my di ng v trm gc c tr truyn ln, bi v s gy ra ng gia cc khe thi gian thu v pht. V vy m ch TDD ph hp vi cc mi trng c tr truyn thp, cho nn ch TDD vn hnh cc pico cell. Mt u im ca TDD l tc d liu ng ln v ng xung c th rt khc nhau, v vy m ph hp cho cc ng dng c c tnh bt i xng gia ng ln v ng xung, chng hn nh Web browsing. Trong qu trnh hoch nh mng, cc u im v nhc im ca hai phng php ny c th b tr. Lun vn ny ch tp trung nghin cu ch FDD. Hnh di y ch ra s phn b ph tn s ca h thng UMTS Chu u.

26

Hnh 2-4 Phn b ph tn cho UMTS chu u. 2.2.2. Dung lng mng Kt qu ca vic s dng cng ngh a truy nhp tri ph CDMA l dung lng ca cc h thng UMTS khng b gii hn cng, c ngha l mt ngi s dng c th b sung m khng gy ra nghn bi s lng phn cng hn ch. H thng GSM c s lng cc lin kt v cc knh c nh ch cho php mt lu lng ln nht c tnh ton v hoch nh trc nh s dng cc m hnh thng k. Trong h thng UMTS bt c ngi s dng mi no s gy ra mt lng nhiu b sung cho nhng ngi s dng ang c mt trong h thng, nh hng n ti ca h thng. Nu c s m th mc tng nhiu do tng ti l c cu gii hn dung lng chnh trong mng. Vic cc cell b co hp li do ti cao v vic tng dung lng ca cc cell m cc cell ln cn n c mc nhiu thp l cc hiu ng th hin c im dung lng xc nh nhiu trong cc mng CDMA. Chnh v th m trong cc mng CDMA c c im dung lng mm. c bit, khi quan tm n chuyn giao mm th cc c cu ny lm cho vic hoch nh mng tr nn phc tp. 2.2.3. Cc knh giao din v tuyn UTRA FDD Giao din v tuyn UTRA FDD c cc knh logic, chng c nh x vo cc knh chuyn vn, cc knh chuyn vn li nh x vo knh vt l. Hnh v sau ch ra s cc knh v s nh x ca chng vo cc knh khc.

27

Hnh 2-5 S nh x gia cc knh khc nhau. 2.2.4. Cu trc Cell. Trong sut qu trnh thit k ca h thng UMTS cn phi ch nhiu hn n s phn tp mi trng ca ngi s dng. Cc mi trng nng thn ngoi tri, th ngoi tri, hay th trong nh c h tr bn cnh cc m hnh di ng khc nhau gm ngi s dng tnh, ngi i b n ngi s dng trong mi trng xe c ang chuyn ng vi vn tc rt cao. yu cu mt vng ph sng rng khp v kh nng roaming ton cu, UMTS pht trin cu trc lp cc min phn cp vi kh nng ph sng khc nhau. Lp cao nht bao gm cc v tinh bao ph ton b tri t; Lp thp hn hnh thnh nn mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t UTRAN. Mi lp c xy dng t cc cell, cc lp cng thp cc vng a l bao ph bi cc cell cng nh. V vy cc cell nh c xy dng h tr mt ngi s dng cao hn. Cc cell macro ngh cho vng ph mt t rng kt hp vi cc micro cell tng dung lng cho cc vng mt dn s cao. Cc cell pico c dng cho cc vng c coi nh l cc im nng yu cu dung lng cao trong cc vng hp (v d nh sn bay). Nhng iu ny tun theo 2 nguyn l thit k bit trong vic trin khai cc mng t bo: cc cell nh hn c th

28

c s dng tng dung lng trn mt vng a l, cc cell ln hn c th m rng vng ph sng.

Hnh 2-6 Cu trc cell UMTS. 2.3 CU TRC H THNG V TUYN UMTS Mt h thng UMTS sau khi c nng cp v m rng t h thng GSM hin c th cu trc h thng c th c m t tng quan nh sau:

29

UMTS/GSM Network
UE AN
MSC MSC E, G A MSC MSC F EIR EIR USI Cu M Uu USI M EM M E BS RNS Iu b Gb RNC Iu r USI Cu USI M M M Uu EM E BS RNS Iu b D HLR HLR H AUC AUC

CN
SCF SCF GMSC GMSC

External Network s

SIM SIM

MT Um MT

BTS

BSS Abis BSC

Gr Gf

SMSSMSGMSC GMSC SMSSMSIWMSC IWMSC Gn + GGSN GGSN

ISDN PSTN PSPDN CSPDN PDN: -Intranet -Extranet -Internet

Iu

RNC

SGSN SGSN Gd, MGW Gp, MGW Gn + SGSN SGSN

Note: Not all interfaces shown and named

UTRAN

Hnh 2-7 Cu trc tng th h thng UMTS/GSM. Trong UTRAN bao gm mt hay nhiu phn h mng v tuyn (RNS), mt RNS l mt mng con trong UTRAN v bao gm mt b iu khin mng v tuyn (RNC) v mt hay nhiu Node-B. Cc yu cu chnh thit k kin trc, giao thc v chc nng UTRAN: - Tnh h tr ca UTRAN v cc chc nng lin quan: Yu cu tc ng n thit k ca UTRAN l cc yu cu h tr chuyn giao mm (mt thit b u cui kt ni ti mng thng qua 2 hay nhiu cell ang hot ng) v cc thut ton qun l ngun ti nguyn v tuyn c bit ca WCDMA. - Lm tng s tng ng trong vic iu khin d liu chuyn mch gi v chuyn mch knh vi mt ngn xp giao thc giao din v tuyn duy nht v vi vic s dng cng mt giao din cho cc kt ni t UTRAN n min chuyn mch gi v chuyn mch knh ca mng li. - Lm tng tnh tng ng vi GSM.

30

- S dng kiu chuyn vn trn c s IP nh l c cu chuyn vn thay th trong UTRAN k t Release 5 tr i. - Cc thit b UTRAN vi chi ph CAPEX v OPEX c tit kim ti a. ng thi cc thit b UTRAN c thit k module ha v v c tnh linh hot hp l cho vic m rng dung lng trong tng lai. H thng UTRAN c kh nng nng cp ln phin bn phn mm cao hn m ch gy ra tc ng rt nh ti hot ng thng thng ca h thng. 2.3.1 Node-B Node-B l mt thut ng s dng trong UMTS biu th BTS (trm thu pht gc) v s dng cng ngh WCDMA trn ng v tuyn. Cng nh trong tt c cc h thng t ong UMTS v GSM, Node B thc hin vic thu pht tn s v tuyn lin lc trc tip vi cc my di ng di chuyn t do xung quanh n. Mt cch truyn thng, cc Node B c nhng chc nng ti thiu v thu pht v tuyn v c iu khin bi RNC (Radio Network Controller). Vic s dng cng ngh WCDMA cho php mt cell thuc mt Node B hoc cc Node B khc nhau cng c qun l bi cc RNC khc nhau chng ln nhau v vn s dng mt tn s ging nhau (trn thc t, ton b mng c th dng ch mt cp tn s). Node B bao gm cc loi cu hnh: Macro Indoor, Macro Outdoor, Mini Indoor, Mini outdoor, Micro Indoor, Micro Outdoor, Pico,... 2.3.2 RNC (Radio Network Control) RNC l mt thnh phn trong mng truy nhp v tuyn UTMS. RNC v c bn c nhng chc nng ging BSC trong h thng BSS GSM: - Trung gian gia trm gc (Node B trong UMTS) v h thng mng li; - iu khin cuc gi v tuyn (qun l ti nguyn v tuyn, iu khin v qun l chuyn giao cuc gi ); RNC c kt ni n: - Mng li, qua giao tip Iu. - Cc Node B qua giao tip Iub. Mt Node B thc hin giao tip v tuyn vi mt hoc nhiu cell.

31

- Mt s RNC ln cn qua giao tip Iur.


2.3.3 Cc giao din m c bn ca UMTS

- Giao din Cu: y l giao din gia th thng minh USIM v ME. Giao din ny tun theo tiu chun cho cc th thng minh. - Giao din Uu: y l giao din v tuyn WCDMA. Uu l giao din m UE truy cp c vi phn c nh ca h thng v y l phn giao din m quan trng nht trong UMTS. - Giao din Iu: Giao din ny kt ni UTRAN ti mng li. Tng t nh cc giao din tng thch trong GSM nh l giao din A (i vi chuyn mch knh) v Gb (i vi chuyn mch gi). Giao din Iu em li cho cc b iu khin UMTS kh nng xy dng c UTRAN v CN t cc nh sn xut khc nhau. - Giao din Iur: Giao din m Iur h tr chuyn giao mm gia cc RNC t cc nh sn xut khc nhau v v th b sung cho giao din m Iu. - Giao din Iub: Iub kt ni mt Node B v mt RNC. UMTS l mt h thng in thoi di ng mang tnh thng mi u tin m giao din gia b iu khin v trm gc c chun ho nh l mt giao din m hon thin. Ging nh cc giao din m khc, Iub thc y hn na tnh cnh tranh gia cc nh sn xut trong lnh vc ny. 2.4 CC CHC NNG TRONG QUN L TI NGUYN V TUYN 2.4.1 Gii thiu v qun l ti nguyn v tuyn WCDMA Vic qun l ti nguyn v tuyn (RRM) trong mng UTMS c nhim v ci thin vic s dng ngun ti nguyn v tuyn. Cc mc ch ca cng vic qun l ti nguyn v tuyn RRM c th tm tt nh sau : - m bo QoS cho cc dch v khc nhau. - Duy tr vng ph sng c hoch nh. - Ti u dung lng h thng. i vi cc mng 3G, vic phn b ti nguyn v nh c qu ti ca mng khng cn kh thi na do cc nhu cu kh d on trc v cc yu cu khc nhau

32

ca cc dch v khc nhau. V th, qun l ti nguyn bao gm 2 phn: t cu hnh v t li cu hnh ti nguyn v tuyn, c th: - Vic t cu hnh ti nguyn v tuyn c nhim v phn pht ngun ti nguyn mt cch hp l cho cc yu cu mi n h thng cho mng khng b qu ti v duy tr tnh n nh. Tuy nhin, nghn c th xut hin trong mng 3G v s di chuyn ngu nhin ca ngi s dng. - Vic t li cu hnh c nhim v cp pht li ngun ti nguyn trong phm vi ca mng khi hin tng nghn bt u xut hin. Chc nng ny c nhim v a h thng b qu ti tr v lu lng ti mc tiu mt cch nhanh chng v c th iu khin c. Qun l ngun ti nguyn v tuyn c th chia thnh cc chc nng sau: iu khin cng sut, chuyn giao, iu khin thu nhn, iu khin ti v lp lch cho gi tin.

Hnh 2-8 Cc v tr in hnh ca cc chc nng RRM trong mng WCDMA 2.4.2 iu khin cng sut Cc mc tiu ca iu khin cng sut c th tm tt nh sau : - Khc phc hiu ng gn-xa trn ng ln. - Ti u dung lng h thng bng vic iu khin nhiu. - Lm tng ti a tui th pin ca u cui di ng.

33

Mc tiu ca vic s dng iu khin cng sut l khc nhau trn ng ln v ng xung. Cc mc tiu ca iu khin cng sut c th tm tt nh sau : - Khc phc hiu ng gn-xa trn ng ln. - Ti u dung lng h thng bng vic iu khin nhiu. - Lm tng ti a tui th pin ca u cui di ng. C 3 kiu iu khin cng sut trong cc h thng WCDMA: iu khin cng sut vng m, iu khin cng sut vng kn v iu khin cng sut vng bn ngoi. - iu khin cng sut vng m (Open-loop power control) iu khin cng sut vng m c s dng trong h thng UMTS FDD cho vic thit lp nng lng ban u cho MS. MS s tnh suy hao ng truyn gia cc trm gc v MS bng cch o cng tn hiu nhn c bng cch s dng mch iu khin tng ch t ng (AGC ). Tu theo s tnh ton suy hao ng truyn ny, MS c th quyt nh cng sut pht ng ln ca n. iu khin cng sut vng m c nh hng ln trong h thng TDD bi v ng ln v ng xung l tng h, nhng khng nh hng nhiu trong cc h thng FDD bi v cc knh ng ln v ng xung hot ng trn cc bng tn khc nhau v hin tng Fading Rayleigh trn ng ln v ng xung c lp nhau. Vy iu khin cng sut vng m ch c th b mt cch tng trng suy hao do khong cch. l l do ti sao iu khin cng sut vng m ch c s dng nh l vic thit lp nng lng ban u trong h thng FDD. - iu khin cng sut vng kn (Fast power Control) iu khin cng sut vng khp kn, c gi l iu khin cng sut nhanh trong cc h thng WCDMA, c nhim v iu khin cng sut pht ca MS (ng ln) hay l cng sut ca trm gc (ng xung) chng li Fading ca cc knh v tuyn v t c ch tiu t s tn hiu trn nhiu SIR c thit lp bi iu khin cng sut vng ngoi. Chng hn nh trn ng ln, trm gc so snh SIR nhn c t MS vi SIR mc tiu trong mi khe thi gian (0,666ms). Nu SIR nhn c ln hn mc tiu, Node-B s truyn mt lnh TPC 0 n MS

34

thng qua knh iu khin ring ng xung. Nu SIR nhn c thp hn mc tiu, Node-B s truyn mt lnh TPC 1 n MS. Bi v tn s ca iu khin cng sut vng kn rt nhanh nn c th b c Fading nhanh v c Fading chm. -iu khin cng sut vng ngoi iu khin cng sut vng ngoi cn thit gi cht lng truyn thng vi cc mc yu cu bng cch thit lp mc tiu cho iu khin cng sut vng kn nhanh thc hin. Mc ch ca n l cung cp cht lng yu cu. Tn s ca iu khin cng sut vng bn ngoi thng l 10-100Hz. iu khin cng sut vng ngoi so snh cht lng nhn c vi cht lng yu cu. Thng thng, cht lng c nh ngha l t li bit mc tiu xc nh (BER) hay t s li khung (FER). Mi quan h gia SIR mc tiu v mc tiu cht lng tu thuc vo tc di ng v hin tng a ng. Nu cht lng nhn tt hn, c ngha l mc tiu SIR cao m bo QoS yu cu. 2.4.3 iu khin chuyn giao. 2.4.3.1 Chuyn giao trong cng tn s. - Chuyn giao mm: Chuyn giao mm ch c trong cng ngh CDMA. So vi chuyn giao cng thng thng, chuyn giao mm c mt s u im. Tuy nhin, n cng c mt s cc hn ch v s phc tp v vic tiu th ti nguyn tng ln. Trong phn ny s trnh by nguyn l ca chuyn giao mm. - Nguyn l chuyn giao mm. Chuyn giao mm khc vi qu trnh chuyn giao cng truyn thng. i vi chuyn giao cng, mt quyt nh xc nh l c thc hin chuyn giao hay khng v my di ng ch giao tip vi mt BS ti mt thi im. i vi chuyn giao mm, mt quyt nh c iu kin c to ra l c thc hin chuyn giao hay khng li tu thuc vo s thay i cng tn hiu knh hoa tiu t hai hay nhiu trm gc c lin quan, mt quyt nh cng cui cng s c to ra giao tip vi duy nht 1 BS. iu ny thng din ra sau khi tn hiu n t mt BS chc chn s mnh hn cc tn hiu n t BS khc. Trong thi k chuyn tip ca

35

chuyn giao mm, MS giao tip ng thi vi cc BS trong tp hp tch cc (Tp hp tch cc l danh sch cc cell hin ang c kt ni vi MS).

Hnh 2-9 S so snh gia chuyn giao cng v chuyn giao mm. - li lin kt chuyn giao mm Mc ch u tin ca chuyn giao mm l em li mt s chuyn giao khng b ngt qung v lm cho h thng hot ng tt. iu ch c th t c nh 3 li ch ca c cu chuyn giao mm nh sau: - li phn tp v m: li ch phn tp nh Fading chm v s st t ngt ca cng tn hiu do cc nguyn nhn chng hn nh s di chuyn ca MS vng quanh mt gc. - li phn tp vi m: li phn tp nh Fading nhanh. - Vic chia s ti ng xung: Mt MS khi chuyn giao mm thu cng sut t nhiu Node-B, iu cho thy cng sut pht ln nht n MS trong khi chuyn giao mm X-way c nhn vi h s X, ngha l vng ph c m rng. Ba li ch ny ca chuyn giao mm c th ci thin vng ph v dung lng mng WCDMA.

36

2.4.3.2 Chuyn giao gia cc h thng WCDMA v GSM. Cc chun WCDMA v GSM h tr chuyn giao c hai ng gia WCDMA v GSM. S chuyn giao ny c th s dng cho mc ch ph sng v cn bng ti. Ti pha ban u khi trin khai WCDMA, chuyn giao ti h thng GSM c th s dng gim ti trong cc t bo GSM. M hnh ny c ch ra trong hnh 3-27. Khi lu lng trong mng WCDMA tng, th rt cn chuyn giao cho mc ch ti trn c ng ln v ng xung. Chuyn giao gia cc h thng c khi xng ti RNC/BSC v t gc h thng thu th chuyn giao gia cc h thng tng t nh chuyn giao gia cc RNC hay chuyn giao gia cc BSC. Thut ton v vic khi xng ny khng c chun ho.

Hnh 2-10 Chuyn giao gia cc h thng GSM v WCDMA. Th tc chuyn giao nh hnh 2-9. Vic o c chuyn giao gia cc h thng khng hot ng thng xuyn nhng s c khi ng khi c nhu cu thc hin chuyn giao gia cc h thng. Vic khi xng chuyn giao l mt thut ton do RNC thc hin v c th da vo cht lng (BLER) hay cng sut pht yu cu. Khi khi xng o c, u tin UE s o cng sut tn hiu ca cc tn s GSM trong danh sch ln cn. Khi kt qu o c c gi ti RNC, n ra lnh cho MS gii m nhn dng trm gc (BSIC) ca cell GSM ng c tt nht. Khi RNC nhn c BSIC, mt lnh chuyn giao c gi ti MS.

37

Hnh 2-11 Th tc chuyn giao gia cc h thng. 2.4.3.3 Chuyn giao gia cc tn s trong WCDMA. Hu ht cc b vn hnh UMTS u c 2 hoc 3 tn s FDD c hiu lc. Vic vn hnh c th bt u s dng mt tn s, sau cn tng dung lng, mt vi tn s c th s dng c ch ra trong hnh 2-10. Mt vi tn s c s dng trong cng mt site s tng dung lng ca site hoc cc lp micro v macro c s dng cc tn s khc nhau. Chuyn giao gia cc tn s sng mang WCDMA cn s dng phng php ny. Trong chuyn giao ny, ch nn cng c s dng trong vic o c chuyn giao ging nh trong chuyn giao gia cc h thng. Th tc chuyn giao gia cc tn s c ch ra trong hnh 2-11. MS cng s dng th tc ng b WCDMA ging nh chuyn giao trong tn s nhn dng cell c tn s mc tiu. Thi gian nhn dng cell ch yu ph thuc vo s cc cell v s cc thnh phn a ng m MS c th thu c ging nh trong chuyn giao cng tn s.

38

Hnh 2-12 Nhu cu chuyn giao gia cc tn s sng mang WCDMA

Hnh 2-13 Th tc chuyn giao gia cc tn s. 2.4.4 iu khin thu np Nu ti giao din v tuyn c cho php tng ln mt cch lin tc th vng ph sng ca cell b gim i di gi tr hoch nh (gi l cell breathing) v QoS ca cc kt ni ang tn ti khng th m bo. Nguyn nhn ca hiu ng cell breathing l v c im gii hn nhiu ca cc h thng CDMA. V th, trc khi thu nhn mt kt ni mi, iu khin thu np cn kim tra xem vic nhn kt ni mi s khng nh hng n vng ph sng hoc QoS ca cc kt ni ang hot ng hay khng. iu khin thu np chp nhn hay t chi yu cu thit lp mt truy nhp v tuyn trong mng truy nhp. Chc nng iu khin thu np c

39

t trong b iu khin RNC, ni m lu gi thng tin v ti ca cc s cell do n qun l. Thut ton iu khin thu np tnh ton vic ti tng ln do s thit lp thm i tng s gy ra trong mng truy nhp v tuyn. Vic tnh ton ti c p dng cho c ng ln v ng xung. u cui yu cu c th c chp nhn ch khi iu khin thu np trong c 2 chiu chp nhn, nu khng th n b t chi bi v nhiu qu mc c th tng thm trong mng. Nhn chung cc chin lc iu khin thu np c th chia thnh hai loi: chin lc iu khin thu np da vo cng sut bng rng v chin lc iu khin thu np da vo thng lng. Ngi s dng mi s khng c chp nhn nu mc nhiu tng th mi to ra cao hn gi tr mc ngng Ithreshold, c th: + T chi: Itotal-old + I > Ithreshold

+ Chp nhn : Itotal-old + I < Ithreshold Gi tr ngng ging vi tng nhiu ng ln ln nht v c th c thit lp bi vic quy hoch mng v tuyn.

Hnh 2-14 ng cong ti Trong chin lc iu khin thu np da vo thng lng, ngi s dng mi khng c thu nhn truy nhp vo mng nu ton b ti mi gy ra cao hn gi tr ngng:

40

+ T chi

: total-old + L > threshold

+ Chp nhn : total-old + L < threshold Tng t i vi chin lc iu khin thu np da vo cng sut nh sau: + T chi : Ptotal-old + Ptotal > Pthreshold

+ Chp nhn : Ptotal-old + Ptotal < Pthreshold Ch rng vic iu khin thu np c p dng mt cch tch bit trn c ng ln v ng xung. V mi hng c th s dng cc chin lc iu khin thu np khc nhau. 2.4.5 iu khin ti (iu khin nghn) y l mt cng c quan trng ca chc nng qun l ngun ti nguyn v tuyn m bo cho h thng khng b qu ti v duy tr tnh n nh. Nu h thng c quy hoch mt cch hp l v cng vic iu khin thu np hot ng tt, cc tnh hung qu ti gn nh s b loi tr. Tuy nhin, trong mng di ng, s qu ti mt ni no l khng th trnh khi v cc ti nguyn v tuyn c n nh trc trong mng. Khi qu ti c x l bi iu khin ti hay cn gi l iu khin nghn th hot ng iu khin ny s tr li cho h thng ti mc tiu chn c a ra trong qu trnh quy hoch mng mt cch nhanh chng v c kh nng iu khin c. Cc hot ng iu khin ti lm gim hay cn bng ti bao gm: - T chi cc lnh cng sut ti trn ng xung nhn t MS. - Gim ch tiu Eb/I0 ng ln s dng bi iu khin cng sut nhanh ng ln. - Thay i kch c ca min chuyn giao mm phc v nhiu ngi s dng hn. - Chuyn giao ti sng mang WCDMA khc (mng UMTS khc hay mng GSM). - Gim thng lng ca lu lng d liu gi (cc d liu phi thi gian thc). - Ngt cc cuc gi trn mt ng iu khin.

41

Hai hot ng u tin l cc hot ng nhanh c thc hin bn trong BS. Cc hot ng ny c th din ra trong mt khe thi gian, ngha l vi mt tn s 1,5KHz, cung cp mt quyn u tin cho cc dch v khc nhau. Hot ng th 3 thay i kch c ca min chuyn giao mm c mt li ch c bit i vi mng gii hn ng xung. Cc phng php iu khin ti khc th chm hn. Chuyn giao bn trong bng tn v chuyn giao bn trong h thng c th khc phc c hin tng qu ti bng cch cn bng ti. Hot ng cui cng l ngt cc ngi s dng dch v thi gian thc (nh l thoi hay d liu chuyn mch knh) gim ti. Hot ng ny ch c s dng ch khi ti ca ton b mng vn rt ln thm ch sau khi cc hot ng iu khin ti khc va c tc dng gim qu ti. Giao din v tuyn WCDMA v yu cu tng ca lu lng phi thi gian thc trong mng 3G em li nhiu s la chn cc hot ng kh thi iu khin tnh hung qu ti v v th nhu cu ct nhng ngi s dng dch v thi gian thc gim qu ti rt him xy ra. 2.5 KT LUN CHNG H thng truy nhp v tuyn UMTS 3G da trn cng ngh truy nhp bng rng phn chia theo m WCDMA v n nay h thng ny c chun ha v s dng rng ri trn th gii. Trong kin trc h thng truy nhp v tuyn 3G (UTRAN) gm mt hay nhiu phn h mng v tuyn (RNS), mt RNS l mt mng con trong UTRAN v bao gm mt b iu khin mng v tuyn (RNC) v mt hay nhiu Node-B. Qun l ti nguyn v tuyn l bi ton quan trng khi thit k bt k h thng thng tin di ng, c bit l trong h thng t bo s dng cng ngh a truy nhp phn chia theo m CDMA. Chng ny trnh by cc chc nng c bn ca qun l ti nguyn v tuyn trong h thng WCDMA, trong iu khin cng sut v iu khin chuyn giao l cc chc nng c bit quan trng so vi cc h thng thng tin di ng trc .

42

Chng 3 M HNH THIT K TNH TON QUY HOCH MNG V TUYN UMTS 3G
3.1 GII THIU V QUY HOCH MNG V TUYN 3.1.1 Nguyn l chung Qu trnh quy hoch mng v tuyn c tin hnh trn c s yu cu ca cc thng s c thit lp v l cng vic phc tp nht trong vic quy hoch mng. Cng vic quy hoch mng v tuyn bao gm: nh c mng, quy hoch lu lng & vng ph chi tit v ti u mng. Qu trnh quy hoch v trin khai mng c ch ra trong hnh v 3-1. Trong pha quy hoch ban u (nh c mng) cung cp mt s nh gi ban u nhanh nht v kch c ca mng v dung lng ca cc thnh phn. nh c mng phi thc hin c cc yu cu ca nh khai thc v vng ph, dung lng v cht lng dch v. Trong pha quy hoch chi tit, mt site nh c c x l trn bn s gii hn v mt vt l cc thng s ca mng. Ngoi ra vic ti u c th c thc hin bng cch iu khin nhiu di dng anten ph hp, cu hnh site, s chn la v tr, hay t nghing anten. Hn na, cc ch tiu ca mng c th tin n gn hn cc mc tiu yu cu bng cch s dng b khuch i MHA (mast head amplifier) hay cc cc loi phn tp. Khi mng i vo hot ng, c th quan st hiu sut ca h thng qua vic o c cc thng s v kt qu cc thng s o c s s hin th v ti u ha mng. Qu trnh quy hoch v ti u ha mng c th thc hin mt cch t ng bng cch s dng cc cng c thng minh v cc phn t mng. Thng thng trong giai on trin khai mng ta thy khng th ti u h thng nh lc quy hoch mng. C rt nhiu nguyn nhn buc phi thay i quy hoch: khng th t Node-B ng v tr, ny sinh cc vn v vng ph v cht lng kt ni v ti u Cui cng cn phn hi kt qu thng k v o c c trong qu trnh khai thc mng lien quan n iu chnh quy hoch, m rng vng ph, dung lng v nhu cu dch v trn c s thc t cho nhm k thut chu trch nhim thit k

43

Hnh 3-1 Qu trnh quy hoch v trin khai mng WCDMA 3.1.2 Mt s c im cn lu trong quy hoch mng 3.1.2.1 D bo D bo l bc u tin v quan trng trong qu trnh quy hoch v trin khai thnh cng mt h thng thng tin di ng. Ty theo vic quy hoch mng l mi hay pht trin t nn tng mng hin c m d bo nhu cu dch v c th thc hin khc nhau. D bo bao gm: - D bo nhu cu dch v/thu bao: Mc tiu chnh ca d bo thu bao l nh gi tng s thu bao trong th trng cn phc v. i vi mng WCDMA c kh nng cung cp nhiu dch v khc nhau cho tng i tng khc nhau nn cn tin hnh theo tng kiu thu bao. D bo c th chia thnh cc bc sau:

44

+ Xc nh mc tiu d bo: gm cc mc tiu nh nhu cu dn c, nhu cu c quan, vng mc tiu (tnh/thnh ph hay ton quc), khung kh d bo (5nm, 10 nm , 15 nm) + Xc nh s liu cn thu thp: Mt in thoi, iu tra dn s, iu tra v doanh nghip, mc thu nhp, tc tng trng, quy hoch pht trin tnh/thnh ph. + Phn tch xu hng ca nhu cu: xu hng pht trin ca nhu cu i vi cc dch v phn tch theo cc quan im: mt in thoi, cc c im ring ca vng v so snh vi cc quc gi khc.. + Phng php d bo: c th thc hin theo mt phng php hoc kt hp cc phng php. Thng thng c 02 phng php l: d bo theo chui thi gian v theo m hnh ha. - D bo lu lng: D bo lu lng l bc u tin cn thc hin trong qu trnh quy hoch mng. D bo lu lng c th da trn c s xu th ca cc mng di ng khc c khai thc. D bo lu lng bao gm d bo s dng lu lng voice v data. - D phng cho tng lai: Trong thc t cho thy s pht trin nhanh ca thu bao v cc dch v mi khin cc nh khai thc mng lun phi i mt vi cc kh khn khng nh. Do o vic quy hoch cho tng lai l rt cn thit v rt quan trng trnh vic m rng thng xuyn, bi v d phng cho php cung cp lu lng b sung trong trng hp thu bao tng trng nng hay s t bin v lu lng ti mt thi im. 3.1.2.2 Quy hoch vng ph v tuyn Nhim v chnh ca phn tch vng ph l lm th no xc nh c: ni no cn ph sng, kiu ph sng mi vng. Thng thng ta cn ph sng trc ht cc khu vc quan trng: Cc khu thng mi, khu cng nghip, vng c mt dn c cao. V th cn hiu r mt dn c, phn bit ranh gii cc vng: thnh ph, ngoi , nng thn, khu thng mi, khu cng nghip, nh

45

i vi h thng thng tin di ng 3G ngoi cc tiu ch trn, ta cn phi xt n: cc loi dch v cn cung cp vng ang xt v vng ph sng hiu dng ca cell s chu nh hng ca tc s liu. Sau khi nm c yu cu vng ph, tip theo ta tin hnh quy hoch vng ph thng qua xem xt cc yu t sau: La chn m hnh truyn sng, tnh qu ng truyn, quy hoch v tr cell. Trong quy hoch v tr cell l bc quan trng trong vic quy hoch h thng WCDMA bi v n s m bo mi trm thu pht xy dng s p ng c cc tiu ch cht lng ra, trnh vic xy dng cc v tr khng m bo. 3.1.2.3 Nhiu t nhiu nh khai thc khc Trong mi trng c nhiu mng UMTS hot ng vi cc tn s gn nhau, tn hiu c th gy nhiu ln nhau lm nh hng n cht lng, vng ph v dung lng mng. Nhiu ny c gi l nhiu knh ln cn v trnh nhiu c th s dng cc bin php sau: - t anten Node-B l tng: - Gim nhy my thu - iu chnh khong cch gia cc sng mang. - Chuyn giao ga cc tn s. 3.2 QUY HOCH NH C MNG nh c mng v tuyn WCDMA l mt qu trnh quy hoch ban u nh m cu hnh ca mng v quy m cc thit b mng c tnh ton da vo cc yu cu ca nh khai thc. Cc yu cu ca nh khai thc lin quan n cc c im sau: - Vng ph: + Vng ph sng. + Thng tin v loi vng ph sng. + iu kin truyn sng. - Dung lng: + Ph sn c.

46

+ D on s tng trng s thu bao. + Thng tin mt lu lng. - Cht lng dch v (QoS): + Xc sut v tr cc vng (kh nng ph sng). + Xc sut nghn. + Thng lng ngi s dng u cui. Mc tiu ca pha nh c mng l tnh ton mt site v cu hnh site yu cu cho cc vng ph quan tm. Trong bao gm cc bc c th sau: 3.2.1 Tnh ton vng ph sng Trn c s phn tch vng ph sng, tnh ton qu ng truyn theo hng Uplink hoc downlink, ta tnh bn knh cell vng ph sng theo m hnh sau:

Hnh 3-2 Qu trnh tnh bn knh vng ph sng 3.2.1.1 Phn tch vng ph Qu trnh phn tch vng ph v tuyn l thc hin kho st cc a im cn ph sng v kiu vng ph cn cung cp cho cc a im ny. Cc loi vng ph thng thng c xt nh: cc vng thng mi-du lch, cc vng dn s c mt dn s cao v cc ng cao tc chnh. Do vy cn phi c cc thng tin v cc vng cn ph sng. Cc thng tin c th da trn bn , cc s liu thng k, d bo nh: mt dn c (thnh ph, ngoi , nng thn), khu thng mi-du lch, khu cng nghip Mc ch ca qu trnh kho st ny bao gm:

47

- m bo cung cp mt dung lng ph hp cho cc vng ny - Bit c c im truyn sng ca vng xc nh mi trng truyn sng v mi mi trng s c tc ng trc tip n m hnh truyn sng. Cc thng tin v vng ph s c dng chun b bc quy hoch vng ph ban u. Thng thng quy hoch vng ph sng WCDMA thng quan tm n cc loi hnh ph sng sau: Bng 3-1 Cc loi hnh ph sng ph bin
Vng ph sng Dense urban ( th ng c) c im Thng thng y l khu vc ng dn c vi nhiu nh cao tng, l khu trung tm vi vn phng v cc trung tm mua sm, gii tr, nh ga Thng thng y l cc khu vc ng ph v cy xanh xen k mt vi ta nh cao tng, cc ta nh cao tng cch xa nhau Khu ngoi vi cc nh vn v cng vin, khu ngh dng Khu vc nng thn

Urban ( th)

Sub Urban (Ngoi ) Rural (nng thn)

Mt yu t na cng nh hng n vng ph sng l xc nh vng ph theo dch v. Nh bit h thng WCDMA l h thng a truy nhp dch v vi cu trc a knh c th s dng c nhiu dch v. Mt s dch v chnh thng dng trong h thng truy nhp WCDMA: Bng 3-2 Cc loi loi dch v chnh ca WCDMA
Kiu knh CS 12.2K CS 64K PS 64K PS 384K HSPA Dch v h tr Voice Video Phone Email, Web Email, Web ,Video Streaming, Mobil TV Best Effort service

48

ng vi mi loi hnh dch v s c bn knh phc v tng ng ph thuc vo m tri ph, cng sut pht cc i v cht lng dch v yu cu. Ty theo mi khu vc v d bo nhu cu s dng dch v th s c cc bn knh phc v khc nhau, chng hn nh hnh di y s m t bn knh ti ca cc loi dch v (ng trng hp dch v s dng lin tc)

Hnh 3-3 Vng ph sng ca cell theo cc loi dch v khc nhau. T cc yu cu v vng ph theo nhu cu dch v v kiu vng ph, vn tip theo trong vic nh c mng l tnh qu ng truyn v tuyn. Qu ng truyn v tuyn c trng cho tng loi dch v, tc l mi loi dch v yu cu mt qu ng truyn nht nh m bo p ng cc yu cu t ra. 3.2.1.2 Tnh ton qu ng truyn v tuyn. Cng ging nh cc h thng thng tin di ng t bo khc, qu ng truyn trong h thng WCDMA dng tnh ton suy hao ng truyn cho php ln nht tnh ton vng ph (tnh bn knh cell) ca mt trm gc v trm di ng. Cc thnh phn tnh suy hao cho php ln nht ca tn hiu t trm pht n trm thu gi l qu ng truyn. Qu ng truyn tng qut cho c ng ln v ng xung bao gm cc thnh phn sau: (a) Cng sut my pht (dBm): (a1) Cng sut my pht trung bnh trn mt knh lu lng (dBm) : l gi tr trung bnh ca cng sut pht tng trn mt chu trnh truyn dn vi cng sut pht cc i lc bt u pht.

49

(a2) Cng sut my pht cc i trn mt knh lu lng (dBm ): cng sut tng cng ti u ra ca my pht cho mt knh lu lng n. (a3) Cng sut my pht tng cng cc i (dBm): tng cng sut pht cc i ca tt c cc knh. (b) Tn hao do ghp, gic cm v do cp(my pht) (dB): suy hao tng cng ca tt c cc thnh phn ca h thng truyn dn gia u ra ca my pht v u vo anten. (c) Tng ch anten pht (dBi): tng ch cc i ca anten pht trong mt phng ngang (xc nh theo dB so vi mt vt pht x ng hng). (d) EIRP ca my pht (dBm): (d1) EIRP ca my pht trn mt knh lu lng (dBm) : tng cng sut u ra my pht cho mt knh (dBm), cc suy hao do h thng truyn dn (-dB) v tng ch anten my pht (dBi) theo hng bc x cc i. (d2). EIRP ca my pht: tng ca cng sut my pht ca tt c cc knh (dBm), cc suy hao do h thng truyn dn (-dB), v tng ch anten pht (dBi). (e). Tng ch anten thu (dBi): tng ch ti a ca anten thu trong mt phng ngang; n c xc nh theo dB so vi mt vt pht x ng hng. (f). Tn hao do b chia, u ni v do cp (My thu) (dB): bao gm cc tn hao ca tt c cc thnh phn trong h thng truyn dn gia u ra ca anten thu v u vo ca my thu . (g). H s tp m my thu (dB): h s tp m ca h thng thu ti u vo my thu. (h) (H). Mt to m nhit, N0(dBm/Hz): cng sut tp m trn mt Hz ti u vo my thu. Lu rng (h) l n v logarit cn (H) l theo n v tuyn tnh. (i) (I). Mt nhiu my thu I 0 (dBm/Hz): cng sut nhiu trn mt Hz ti u vo my thu. N tng ng vi t s cng sut nhiu trong di trn rng bng tn. Lu (i) l theo n v logarit v (I) theo n v tuyn tnh. Mt nhiu my thu I0 i vi ng xung l cng sut nhiu trn mt Hz ti my thu MS bin gii vng ph sng, trong mt cell pha trong.

50

(j) Mt tp m nhiu hiu dng tng cng (dBm/Hz): tng logarit ca mt tp m my thu v h s tp m my thu cng s hc vi mt nhiu my thu. (k). Tc thng tin (10log10(Rb)) (dBHz): tc bit ca knh theo (dBHz); vic la chn Rb phi ph hp vi cc gi thit Eb. (l) T s Eb/(N0+I0) yu cu (dB): t s gia nng lng thu c ca mt bt thng tin trn mt cng sut nhiu v tp m hiu dng cn thit tho mn c cc mc tiu v cht lng. (m). nhy my thu (j+k+l) (dBm): mc tn hiu cn t c ti u vo my thu c c t s Eb/(N0+I0) yu cu. (n) li/ Suy hao chuyn giao (dB): li/suy hao () do vic chuyn giao duy tr tin cy c th ti bin gii cell. (o) Tng ch ( li) phn tp (dB): tng ch hiu dng t c nh s dng cc k thut phn tp. Nu tng ch phn tp c gp trong E b/(N0+I0), th n s khng c a thm y. (o) Cc tng ch khc (dB): cc tng ch ph, v d nh a truy nhp phn tp theo khng gian c th to thm tng ch anten. (p) d tr phadinh chun Log (dB): c xc inh ti bin gii cell i vi cc cell ring l ng vi d tr yu cu cung cp xc sut ph sng xc nh trn cc cell ring l. (q). Suy hao ng truyn ti a (dB): suy hao ti a cho php my thu c th thu c tn hiu t my pht ti bin gii cell: Suy hao ti a = d1m+(e-f)+o+o+n-p (r). Bn knh ti a, Rmax (km): c tnh ton cho mi hon cnh trin khai, n c xc nh bng bn knh ng vi suy hao ti a. Trong WCDMA, c mt s cc thng s c bit trong qu ng truyn m khng c s dng trong h thng truy nhp v tuyn ca GSM, l: - d tr nhiu: d tr nhiu l mt hm s ca tng cng ti trong cell. Ti ca cell v h s ti tc ng nn vng ph, nn cn phi c d tr nhiu. Nu cho php ti trong h thng cng ln, d tr nhiu cn thit cho

51

ng ln cng ln v vng ph cng nh. Gi tr ti tng cng c nh hng trc tip n vng ph cell v v th m nh hng gin tip n cht lng ca cc dch v. Quan h gia h s ti v d tr nhiu nh sau:

IM = 10*log10 (1 )
- d tr Fading chm v li chuyn giao mm: Chuyn giao mm hay ng cung cp mt li chng li Fading chm bng cch gim d tr Fading chun log yu cu. Do trn thc t Fading chm mt phn khng tng quan gia cc cell v bng cch thc hin chuyn giao, my di ng c th chn la mt lin kt thng tin tt hn. Hn na, chuyn giao mm em li mt li phn tp b sung chng li Fading nhanh bng cch gim E b/N0 tu theo lin kt v tuyn n do tc dng ca vic kt hp phn tp macro. Vic d tr Fading chm theo yu cu s nh gi c xc xut vng ph sng nh sau:
X c xu t b ao p h

Hm t vng ph :: Hmxc xcxu xu t vng ph PPCOVERAGE (x) ] ngng ] (x)= =PP[F(x) [F(x)> >FF
COVERAGE ngng

SFM yu cu

Khng c SFM C SFM

Fngng

Received Signal Level [dBm]

Hnh 3-4 nh hng ca SFM n vng ph sng. Thng thng trong cc h thng WCDMA, th SFM c gi tr v nh hng n hiu sut vng ph nh sau: Bng 3-3 Gi tr SFM thng dng.
Dense urban Hiu sut ph sng 95% Urban 95% Suburban 90% Rural 90%

52

Shadow fading Margin, dB

6,06

4,1

3,8

- d tr Fading nhanh (khong h iu khin cng sut): Mt s khong h cn cho cng sut pht ca trm di ng duy tr vic iu khin cng sut hp l. Thng s ny c p dng mt cch c bit cho MS di chuyn chm m ti iu khin cng sut nhanh c th b Fading nhanh mt cch hiu qu. Ngoi ra tnh ton qu ng truyn v tuyn, cn quan tm n cc gi nh thng s nh suy hao, li, cng sut phtin hnh nh cc thng s sau: Bng 3-4 Thng s gi nh ca MS.
Thoi & Data tc thp Cng sut pht ln nht Tng ch anten Suy hao c th 21-22 dBm 0 dBi 3 dB Data tc cao 24 dBm 2 dBi 0 dB

Bng 3-5 Thng s gi nh ca Node-B.


Hnh dng nhiu Tng ch anten 2,1 dB ti tn s 2,1GHz 18 dBi CS 12,2: 4,3 dB (GoS: 0,01%) CS 64: 2,8 dB (GoS: 0,01%) PS 64: 1,4 dB (BLER: 1%) PS 128 : 1 dB (BLER: 1%) PS 384 : 1,5 dB (BLER: 1%) 0,5 dB khi s dng TMA 3 dB khi khng s dng TMA

E0/N0 yu cu

Suy hao cp

Ngoi ra yu t anten nh hng n qu cng sut ng truyn chnh l cao anten. Thng thng khi thc hin lp t h thng WCDMA t h thng 2G hin c th anten thng c lp t chung vi ct anten ca h thng 2G, vi c s h tng hin c ca cc mng di ng ti Vit Nam th cao anten ca h thng mi theo loi vng ph s c gi tr nh sau: Bng 3-6 Thng s cao anten theo vng ph sng.
Loi vng ph Dense Urban Urban Suburban cao Anten 25~30 m 30~35 m 35~40 m

53

3.2.1.3 Tnh ton bn knh cell. Sau khi tnh c suy hao ng truyn ln nht v c c d tr fading chm cn thit th bn knh cell R c th c tnh cho m hnh truyn sng bit, chng hn nh m hnh Okumura-Hata, Walfish-Ikegami. Khi bn knh ph sng ca cell c xc nh th c th tnh c din tch ph sng ca cell (ph thuc vo cu hnh Sector ca Node-B) theo cng thc : S = K . R2 Vi K l h s ng vi s Sector trong cell c gi tr nh sau: Bng 3-7 Gi tr K theo cu hnh site.
Cu hnh site K V hng 2,6 2 Sector 1,3 3 Sector 1,95 6 Sector 2,6

T cc thng s v c im nu trn, ta c mt m hnh tnh ton qu ng truyn v tuyn tng ng vi cc loi dch v khc nhau v t a ra c bn knh cell ph hp. Di y m t mt v d tham kho v cch tnh R (cell) da trn cc yu cu v ph sng cho cc loi dch v tng ng vi tng loi vng ph khc nhau ca khu vc thnh ph, c th: Bng 3-8 Bng tnh R-Cell tham kho.
Scenarios Continuous coverage service Tx Max. NodeB transmit power(dBm) Max. TCH transmit power (dBm) Cable loss Tx (dB) Body loss Tx (dB) Antenna gain Tx (dBi) EIRP (dBm) Rx Antenna gain Rx (dBi) Cable loss Rx (dB) Body loss Rx (dB) Noise figure (dB) Required Eb/No (dB) 18 0,5 0 2,1 2,8 18 0,5 0 2,1 2,8 18 0,5 0 2,1 4,3 g h i j=h+1.6 k 43 22 0 0 0 22 43 22 0 0 0 21 43 22 0 0 0 21 b c d e f=bc-d+e Dense Urban CS64 Urban CS64 Suburban CS12,2 Link Budget Formula a

54

Scenarios Receiver sensitivity (dBm) Target load Interference margin (dB) Fast fading margin (dB) Penetration loss (dB) Area coverage probability Slow fading margin (dB) Path loss (dB) Cell radius NodeB antenna height (m) Propagation model used Cell radius (km)

Dense Urban -121,04 50% 3,01 1,8 19 0,95 6 130,73

Urban -121,04 50% 3,01 1,8 15 0,95 6,06 135,17

Suburban -126,74 50% 3,01 1,8 10 0,9 4,1 146,83

Link Budget Formula l = -174+j+k+10*log10(a*1000) M n= -10*log10(1-m) o q

r S = f+gIlnoq-r

30

35

35 Cost 231Hata 3,42

Cost 231- Cost 231Hata Hata 0,53 0,93

3.2.2 Phn tch dung lng 3.2.2.1 Gii thiu m hnh tnh ton dung lng Erlang-B Da vo qu ng truyn v s dng m hnh truyn sng ph hp s tnh c vng ph ban u. Tuy nhin y ch l mt phn quy hoch ban u. Bc tip theo l vic quy hoch l tnh ton dung lng ca h thng ti a t xem xt c hiu qu h tr ti hay dung lng d kin ban u khng. Thc t khng th t c ti cell bng 100% l tng m ti cell ch t c khong 60%-70%. Nu thc cha t yu cu th cn phi quay li bc ban u nh c b sung thm s trm hoc thc hin nng cp/m rng thm dung lng ti cc trm sao cho m bo c chi ph u t m vn tha mn c cc yu cu k thut t ra. Mt m hnh tnh ton dung lng thit b cn thit nhm tha mn c nhu cu dch v ca thu bao vi gi thnh trin khai lp t cng nh chnh l k thut lu lng. K thut lu lng vin thng nghin cu vic ti u cu trc mng v iu chnh s lng thit b c xc nh trn c s lu lng. Trong phm vi ti, ta s i vo tm hiu ng dng m hnh lu lng Erlang-B. M hnh Erlang-B c m t bi cc yu t sau: - Cu trc: c n knh ng nht hot ng song song v c gi l mt nhm ng nht.

55

- Chin lc: Mt cuc gi n h thng c chp nhn nu c t nht mt knh ri. Nu h thng bn th cuc gi s b t chi m khng gy mt nh hng no sau . - Lu lng: Lu lng pht sinh c nh ngha l t s gia cuc gi trung bnh trn cng phc v trung bnh. Khi lu lng ca mt thu bao A c tnh theo cng thc sau:

A=
Trong : A: lu lng thu bao A

n T (4.3) 3.600

n: s cuc gi trung bnh trong mt gi T: thi gian trung bnh ca mt cuc gi tnh bng giy (s) Gi s tnh lu lng ca thu bao A c trung bnh 1 cuc gi 15 pht trong mt gi, khi lu lng ca thu bao A s l: +n=1 + T = 15 x 60s = 900 (s) => A =

n T 1 900 = = 0,25erl 3.600 3.600

- Mt s nh ngha cho m hnh Erlang: + H thng tiu hao: y l h thng m cc thu bao s b t chi thc hin cuc gi khi h thng y ti + H thng theo kiu i: y l h thng m cc thu bao s c ch thc hin cuc gi khi h thng y ti. + n v lu lng: Erlang l n v o mt lu lng. Mt Erl m t tng lu lng trong mt gi. + Cp phc v (GoS): l i lng th hin s % cuc gi khng thnh cng i vi h thng tiu hao. Cn trong h thng i th GoS l s % cuc gi thc hin ch gi li.

56

3.2.2.2 Cc phng php chuyn i lu lng h thng UMTS theo m hnh Erlang Trong khun kh ca lun vn, ch xin trnh by cch chuyn i lu lng t cc loi hnh dch v khc nhau ra n v Erlang, c th nh sau: - Lu lng dch v thoi: Gi s theo thng k trung bnh mt thng thu bao gi thoi l 240 pht. Khi tnh lu lng bnh qun lu lng thoi trn mi thu bao s thc hin nh sau: + S ngy thc hin cuc gi thng xuyn trong thng l: 22 ngy + S pht bnh qun trong ngy s l:
240 min 22 day = 10, 91

+ Bnh qun trong ngy c 8h bn nn s pht bnh qun ca mt thu bao trong 1h bn l: + Lu
10, 91 8 = 1, 364

lng

bnh

qun

ca

mt

thu

bao

l:

1, 364 min = 0, 0227 Erlang = 22, 7 mErl 60 s


- Lu lng dch v data: Gi s theo thng k trung bnh mt thng thu bao thc hin dch v data vi dung lng gm: 20MB Uplink vi tc 64 kbps v 50MB Downlink vi cc tc 64 kbps, 128 kbps & 384 kbps. + i vi Uplink: data bnh qun trong gi bn ca mt thu bao s l:
20 MB 22 day x 8h x 3600 s = 0, 032 kbyte / s = 0, 2586 kbit / s

+ i vi Downlink: data bnh qun trong gi bn ca mt thu bao s l:

50 MB = 0, 081 kbyte / s = 0, 6465 kbit / s 22 day x 8h x 3600 s

Khi s thc hin chia theo tng dch v nh sau:


Dch v (kbit/s) MB trn thu bao trong mt thng Kbit/s trn thu bao trong gi bn

57

64k 128k 384k

20 MB 20 MB 10 MB

0.2586 kbit/s 0.2586 kbit/s 0.1293 kbit/s

- Chuyn i dung lng cc dch v sang n v Erlang: ta c cng thc chuyn i qua li ca quan h ny nh sau: Kbit/s = Erlang x tc dch v x Activity Factor Chng hn ta c lu lng bnh qun ca dch v CS 64 ca mt thu bao l 0,182 kbit/s, AF=1. Lc lu lng Erlang ca mng c 100K thu bao cho dch v CS 64 s l:

0,182 kbps x 100.000 sub = 248, 4 Erlang 64 kbps x 1 (AF = 1)


3.2.2.3 nh c dung lng mng Phn ny s trnh by tnh ton s b dung lng mng theo yu cu ban u tng ng vi s lng thu bao c d bo trc, c th gm: - D bo v xc nh s thu bao ti a ca mng / khu vc - Ty theo m hnh lu lng/thu bao th khi tnh ton s kt ni (connection-Erlang) s khc nhau cho mi loi dch v - Sau khi c c dung lng mng tin hnh tnh bnh qun dung lng ca mt Site v xc nh dung lng bnh qun ca mt Site. Trong s lng Site l s site tnh c trong pha nh c vng ph sng. Di y m t mt v d tham kho v cch tnh dung lng h thng (Erl) cho 100.000 thu bao da trn cc yu cu lu lng cc loi dch v tng ng khc nhau ca thu bao ti khu vc thnh ph, c th: - Ta c lu lng hng downling bnh qun ca ca h thng 100 Ksub nh sau: Bng 3-9 Tnh lu lng h thng tham kho 1
Dch v hng Downlink Voice 12,2k Lu lng / thu bao 22,7 mErlang Tng cng lu lng mng 2270 Erlangs

58

CS 64k PS 64k PS 128k PS 384k

0,182 kbit/s 0,2586 kbit/s 0,2586 kbit/s 0,1293 kbit/s

18,2 Mbit/s 25,86 Mbit/s 25,86 Mbit/s 12,93 Mbit/s

- Chuyn i ton b lu lng mng sang n v Erlang:

Bng 3-10 Tnh lu lng h thng tham kho 2


Dch v hng Downlink Voice 12,2k CS 64k PS 64k PS 128k PS 384k Lu lng / thu bao 22,7 mErlang 0,182 kbit/s 0,2586 kbit/s 0,2586 kbit/s 0,1293 kbit/s Tng cng lu lng mng 2270 Erlangs 18,2 Mbit/s 25,86 Mbit/s 25,86 Mbit/s 12,93 Mbit/s
PS 128k 12% PS 384k 2%

Tng cng Erlang hoc Connection 2270 284,4 1010,2 505,1 84,2
Voice 12.2k CS 64k PS 64k PS 128k PS 384k

% Connection 54,7 % 6,8 % 24,3 % 12,2 % 2,0 %

PS 64k 24%

CS 64k 7%

Voice 12.2k 55%

- Gi s c 20 Connection trn mt cell, ta c phn b s Connection trn cell v throughput cho cc dch v nh sau: Bng 3-11 Tnh lu lng h thng tham kho 3
Dch v Voice 12,2k CS 64k PS 64k % Downlink Connection 54,7 % 6,8 % 24,3 % Phn b connection 10,9 1,4 4,9 Throughput (kbit/s) 80,0 87,6 124,5

59

PS 128k PS 384k

12,2 % 2,0 %

2,4 0,4

124,5 62,3

3.3 QUY HOCH VNG PH V DUNG LNG CHI TIT Phn ny s trnh by vic hoch nh chi tit vng ph v dung lng. Trong pha hoch nh c ban u xc nh c s lng Site v cu hnh s b ca mng. n pha hoch inh chi tit, cn d liu truyn thc t t cc vng hoch nh, cng vi mt ngi s dng c d bo v lu lng ngi s dng. Cc thng tin v cc site trm gc ang tn ti cng cn tn dng cc s u t cho cc site c. u ra ca hoch nh chi tit vng ph v dung lng l v tr trm gc, cu hnh v cc thng s. C th vic quy hoch vng ph v dung lng chi tit theo cc bc sau: 1/ D bo v xc nh phn b thu bao ti tng khu vc c th. 2/ Sau khi c c bnh qun dung lng ca mt Site pha nh c, tin hnh tnh ton li ti cell theo s lng thu bao phn b c th ti site. Nu ti ca Site p ng yu cu theo dung lng nh trc th xem nh t yu cu. Nu khc th cn phi tnh li nh tng s Site hoc nng cp m rng dung lng Site. 3/ Sau khi c c dung lng ca site theo dung lng phc v thu bao trn. Tin hnh la chn v tr site v cc thng s ca Site. Mt s thng tin v cc Site cn a ra trong qu trnh ny nh sau: - V tr ca Site gm: ta , a ch, loi vng ph yu cu - Xc nh c nhu cu dch v - Kho st hin trng vng ph v vng ph yu cu ln bn - Thit k mng: cu hnh mng v dung lng mng truy nhp, dung lng cc giao din kt ni - La chn thit b: Cu hnh trm, anten, ph tr 3.4 TI U MNG Ti u mng l mt qu trnh ci thin ton b cht lng mng khi th nghim bi cc thu bao di ng v m bo rng cc ngun ti nguyn mng c s dng mt cch hiu qu. Qu trnh ti u bao gm:

60

- o c hiu nng (cc ch tiu k thut). - Phn tch cc kt qu o c. - iu chnh mng. Giai on u ca qu trnh ti u mng l nh ngha cc tiu ch hiu nng chnh bao gm cc cc kt qu o h thng qun l mng v s liu o ngoi hin trng hay bt k thng tin khc c th s dng xc nh cht lng dch v. Tip theo, vic phn tch cc kt qu o c nhm mc ch phn tch cht lng mng cung cp cho nh khai thc mt bc tranh tng quan v cht lng v hiu qu s dng. Phn tch cht lng v bo co bao gm vic lp k hoch v cc trng hp o ti hin trng v o bng h thng qun l mng. Sau khi c t cc ch tiu cht lng dch v v phn tch s liu th c th lp ra bo co iu tra. i vi h thng thng tin di ng th h 2, th cht lng bao gm: thng k cc cuc gi b rt, phn tch nguyn nhn b rt, thng k chuyn giao v kt qu o cc ln gi thnh cng. Cc h thng thng tin di ng th h 3 c cc dch v rt a dng nn cn phi a ra cc nh ngha mi v cht lng dch v. Vi s tr gip ca h thng qun l v vn hnh bo dng mng (OSS) c th phn tch thng k hiu sut mng trong mt khong thi gian s dng, hin ti v d bo cho tng lai. Ngoi ra, c th phn tch hiu sut thng qua cc thut ton qun l ti nguyn v tuyn RRM v cc thng s ca chng KPI in hnh nh: tng cng sut pht trm gc, tng ph chuyn giao mm; tc ngt cuc gi; tr d liu gi... Sau tin hnh so snh KPI vi cc gi tr mc tiu s ch ra cc vn tn ti ca mng c th tin hnh iu chnh mng. Vic iu chnh mng bao gm: cp nht cc thng s RRM (v d cc thng s chuyn giao; cc cng sut knh chung; s liu gi); thay i hng anten trm gc, c th iu chnh hng anten trm gc bng b iu khin t xa trong mt s trng hp (nh khi vng chng ln vi cell ln cn qu ln, nhiu cell cao v dung lng h thng thp).

61

3.5 CHNG TRNH TNH TON M PHNG 3.5.1 Lu thut ton

62

3.5.2 Giao din chng trnh

3.5.3 Tnh ton m phng

63

Tham kho kt qu tnh ton quy hoch cho mng v tuyn UMTS 3G Vinaphone khu vc Tp Nng chng 5 v ph lc 3.6 KT LUN CHNG Quy hoch mng thng tin di ng 3G WCDMA l vn ht sc quan trng, n nh hng n kh nng cung cp dch v, hiu qu kinh t i vi nh khai thc. y l vic kh phc tp v s kt hp hi ha gia nhiu yu t. Trong khun kh chng ny khng th trnh by ht cc yu t m ch a ra cc vn ct li mang tnh nh hng, gi m cho cc nh hoch nh khi quy hoch mng WCDMA, trong qu trnh nh c mng c trnh by tng i chi tit bng vic phn tch tnh ton qu ng truyn v tuyn a ra c s trm gc, phm vi ph sng ca Node-B hay bn knh ca cell. Vic phn tch dung lng bao gm vic a ra m hnh lu lng v cch chuyn i cc loi dch v khc nhau cng nh phng php tnh dung lng mng v tuyn. V cui cng l a ra mt chng trnh tnh ton m phng quy hoch mng a ra cc kt qu theo yu cu nh: bn knh cell, s lng Site, dung lng mng/Site..

64

Chng 4 HIN TRNG MNG VINAPHONE V NH HNG TRIN KHAI MNG UMTS 3G
4.1 TNG QUAN MNG VINAPHONE 4.1.1 Tnh hnh pht trin ca Vinaphone nm 2008 Cng ha chung vi s tng trng mnh khng ngng ca pht trin kinh t x hi Vit Nam ni chung v th trng vin thng ni ring, trong nhng nm qua Cng ty Dch v Vin thng c nhiu pht trin vt bc a mng Vinaphone cng vi Mobile-Phone, Viettel tr thnh cc mng cung cp dch v thng tin di ng ln ti Vit Nam v quy m pht trin thu bao cng nh h tng mng: trong nm 2008 pht trin mi thm 7.477.600 thu bao, u t mi hn 3000 BTS m rng vng ph sng v sn sng trin khai cng ngh EDGE, 5.000K thu bao cho phn Core. Vinaphone cng cung cp thm u s th 4 l 0125 (03 u s hin c l 091, 094 v 0123). c bit vi s ra i ca dch v G-Phone p ng nhu cu ca khch hng v khc phc c nhng hn ch v a hnh, v u t xy dng h tng mng ti vng nng thn, min ni, hi o v c mc gi cc ph hp vi khch hng c thu nhp thp. Tnh n cui nm 2008, tng s thu bao thc hin ang hot ng trn mng ca Vinaphone ln con s gn 15,5 triu thu bao (chim 23,4% tng th phn so vi cc mng cn li), trn 9.000 BTS ph sng ton b 63/63 tnh thnh vi nhiu loi hnh dch v cung cp phong ph ph hp vi mi i tng s dng: dch v tr sau Vinaphone, dch v in thoi di ng tr trc (Vinacard, Vinadaily, Vinatext, VinaXtra, Vina365) v cc dch v gia tng trn thu bao di ng (IR, GPRS/EDGE, SMS, WAP, MMS, Vina SyncML, Info 360, 2Friends, DataSafe, thanh ton qua ngn hng Easy ToUp v VnToUp v.v..).

65

Bng 4.1 Minh ha s liu pht trin thu bao mng Vinaphone trong cc nm va qua
Mng Vinaphone Thu bao tr sau Thu bao tr trc Cng: Nm 2004 610.000 1.905.0 00 2.515.0 00 Nm 2005 789.800 2.436.20 0 3.226.0 00 Nm 2006 833.500 4.520.30 0 5.353.8 00 Nm 2007 871.600 7.519.20 0 8.390.7 00 1.311.5 00 9.702.2 00 Nm 2008 899.900 14.589.50 0 15.489.4 00 1.311.50 0 16.800.9 00

TB tr trc kha 2 chiu vn cn gi s trn mng: TB hat ng trn mng (k c TB kha 2 chiu):

4.1.2. Tnh hnh mng li tnh n ht nm 2008 Sau khi hon thnh cc d n pht trin mng nm 2008, mng Dch v Vin thng Vinaphone c quy m nh sau: 1. Phn chuyn mch: - MSC/VLR: 24 tng i MSC_TDM vi tng dung lng 15.450K. - MSC Transit/Gateway: 4 TSC_TDM vi tng dung lng 84.000 Erl. - H thng HLR vi dung lng 22.000K. - H thng chuyn tip bo hiu: + STPI-HNI min Trung; + STPII-HCM : im chuyn tip bo hiu ti khu vc min Nam; 2. H thng mng PPS-IN: - H thng np d liu th voucher: 27.000K; - H thng SCP, SDP c dung lng: 20.500K phn cng, license phn mm 20.500K. 3. Cc h thng cung cp dch v: - H thng SMSC - H thng WAP - H thng VMS : 9.728K BHSM : 10K : 50K hp th : im chuyn tip bo hiu ti khu vc min Bc v

66

- H thng MMS 4. H thng GPRS: - H thng GPRS: 500K + GGSN H Ni + SGSN H Ni 5. H thng IP/MPLS:

: 20K BHMM

: 500K : 250K

+ SGSN H Ch Minh : 250K Hin ti, h thng mng IP/MPLS Core Network ca Vinaphone phc v cho cc Mobile Softswitch trong tng lai ang c trin khai lp t ti H Ni, H Ch Minh, Nng, Cn Th. Mng IP/MPLS Core Network ny s cho php kt ni cc thit b Mobile Softswitch vi nhau v cung cp dch v thoi trn nn giao thc IP, ngoi ra trc Backbone mi vi bng thng rng (cc kt ni STM-1) ny cng cho php kt ni cc phn t ca h thng IP Contact Center phc v chm sc khch hng mng Vinaphone nm 2008. 6. Phn v tuyn v vng ph sng: (Ch tnh cc trm BTS pht sng n ht 12/2008) - S BSC : 206 - Tng s BTS: 7.335 7. H thng truyn dn cp quang: - H Ni: vng Ring cp quang 20 Gbps - H Ch Minh: vng Ring cp quang 20 Gbps - Nng: vng Ring cp quang 622 Mbps 8. Trung tm khai thc v bo dng mng: Mng Vinaphone hin c 3 h thng qun l khai thc v bo dng chnh ti H Ni gm c: OMC-R, OMC-S, OMC-G. - OMC-R: Gim st h thng mng v tuyn, bao gm h thng OMC-R ca Motorola, Alcatel, Ericsson, Siemens-Nokia, Huawei. - OMC-S: Gim st mng chuyn mch ca Vinaphone, bao gm h thng OMC-S ca Nokia-Siemens v h thng OMC-S ca Ericsson.

67

- OMC-G: Gim st h thng GPRS ca Nokia-Siemens. 9. Cc tham s k thut chung ca h thng: - Cc dch v thoi: + Lu lng chim knh + BHCA/thu bao ti MSC + BHCA/thu bao ti PPS-IN - Cc dch v s liu, gia tng: + T l thu bao SMS + BHSM/thu bao - Handover/cuc gi - Lu lng GPRS gi cao im - GoS (BSC-MSC) - GoS (MSC-PSTN) - GoS (MSC-MSC) - GoS ca knh BSS - GoS ca knh bo hiu - Chc nng SSP, t l thu bao SSP - T l cuc gi: + MOC + MTC + MMC 4.2. HIN TRNG MNG V TUYN 4.2.1 T chc mng v tuyn - Mng di ng Vinaphone s dng cng ngh GSM, GPRS, EGDE. - Bng tn v rng bng tn ang s dng + Bng tn s 900MHz: on bng tn pht ca trm gc: 935,1MHz 943,5 MHz on bng tn thu ca trm gc: 890,1 MHz 898,5 MHz + Bng tn s 1800MHz: on bng tn pht ca trm gc: 1805 MHz 1825 MHz : 35% : 45% : 20% : 100% : 0,3 :1 : 10% lu lng mng : 0.01%. : 0.01%. : 0.01%. : 2%. : 0.01%. : 90% : 25 mErl/thu bao : 1,5 :1

68

on bng tn thu ca trm gc:

1710 MHz 1730 MHz

- Qua hn 13 nm khai thc, h thng v tuyn (BSS) mng Vinaphone do 5 nh cung cp thit b v c ti u ha phn vng phc v, c th gm: Motorola, Alcatel, Ericsson, Huawei, Siemens. - Ph sng tt c cc thnh ph, th x, th trn, cc trc ng quc l ni lin cc khu kinh t trng im cc khu cng nghip, dch v, du lch quan trng, cc khu vc ca khu, hi o quan trng v kinh t, an ninh, quc phng, - rng ph sng 2G theo din tch trn c s h tng ca Vinaphone: Vng ph sng 2G theo din tch (tnh theo km2) ca tng Qun/Huyn chi tit c bn nh sau: + Tng din tch vng ph sng 2G trn ton quc: 227.495 km2 + Vng ph sng 2G theo din tch: 68,69 % 4.2.2 Dung lng mng v tuyn H thng v tuyn mng Vinaphone bao gm 5 nh khai thc v phn b tng th dung lng cho cc khu vc tnh/thnh trn ton quc nh sau (s lng tnh cho n ht cc d n trin khai trong nm 2008): Bng 4.2 Thng k mng v tuyn GSM Vinaphone
Vng thit b 2G hin ti Motorola Alcatel Ericsson Motorola Huawei Motorola BSC/PCU Khu vc TP H Ni 12 tnh min Bc 16 tnh min Bc 3 tnh Bc trung b 4 tnh min Trung 6 tnh Nam Trung b TP H Ch Minh 7 tnh ng Nam b BSC 18 76 34 6 14 12 22 30 PCU 18 76 6 6 13 12 22 30 S BTS 568 2.052 2.227 682 831 1.321 579 1.381 BTS S TRX 8.272 15.424 20.275 6.591 6.776 8.506 8.849 13.243 Erlang TK 33.088 68.797 90.740 31.244 30.633 36.035 40.131 62.360

69

Siemens Huawei

Ty Ninh 13 tnh Ty Nam b v Duyn Hi Tng cng

2 28

2 28

134 1.933 11.708 BTS

804 18.795 107.535 TRX

3.296 88.631 484.956 Erlang

206 BSC / 169 PCU 120.000 TRX

Dung lng chi tit, cu hnh, chng loi thit b, phn b cho cc tnh/thnh h thng BSS tham kho ph lc 1_Dung lng hin trng BSS 2G Vinaphone. Nhng c im ca h thng v tuyn hin ti trn mng Vinaphone: - n cui nm 2008, Vinaphone thc hin quy hoch lp t ng b thit b h thng BSS ti u ha mng cho tng khu vc theo tng nh cung cp. - Cc trm BTS thng thng c 6 TRX/BTS. i vi cc trm trong thnh ph/khu ng dn c thng thng s dng cc BTS dualband 900/1800 MHz. - C th cung cp c nhiu dng dch v hin c trn mng Vinaphone v cc dch v mi trn nn GPRS/EDGE, AMR, HR. - C kh nng nng cp ln cng ngh 3G theo nh hng pht trin mng Vinaphone v ph hp vi xu hng pht trin cng ngh thng tin di ng trn th gii. 4.3. HIN TRNG MNG LI V DCH V 4.3.1 Cu hnh mng li v dch v hin ti Mng li v c bn gm: MSC/VLR, HLR, STP, PPS-IN, GPRS, SMS.... - Cc nt mng c ni vi nhau thng qua truyn dn knh c bn E1 (2 Mb/s). Mt s nt h tr giao din STM-1. - Mi nt MSC/VLR phc v chuyn mch cho mt s a bn nht nh, khi cc BSC phi kt ni trc tip v MSC thng qua cc knh E1. - Lu lng mi nt mng c transit/Gateway qua tng i Transit TSC ti cc trung tm. V cc TSC ny s kt ni vi cc mng Vinaphone cc khu vc, PSTN, mng doanh nghip khc.... - Thit b mng Core do nhiu nh cung cp khc nhau cho tng loi thit b: Ericsson, Nokia Siemens, Huawei, Comverse, ZTE...

70

Cu trc h thng mng li v dch v mng Vinaphone xem ph lc 2_Cu trc mng Core-dch v mng Vinaphone

4.2.2 Dung lng mng li Dung lng, cu hnh, thit b hin ti mng li v dch v ca mng Vinaphone c phn b theo bng sau: Bng 4.3 Dung lng mng li
TNG TH DUNG LNG CC NODE MNG
NODE MNG

S LNG 25 4 2 11 1 6 1 2

DUNG LNG PHN CNG 15.400 K 84.000 Erl 192 HSL, 8 Port Eth 22.000 K 500K/250PDP 9.728 K 50 K 20.500 K PHN MM 15.400 K 84.000 Erl 192 HSL, 8 Port Eth 22.000 K 500K/250PDP 9.728 K 50 K 20.500 K

MSC TSC STP HLR GPRS SMS VMS PPS-IN

Dung lng chi tit, cu hnh, chng loi thit b cc h thng CORE v dch v tham kho ph lc 3_Dung lng hin trng mng Core-Dch v. Nhng c im ca h thng mng li v dch v hin ti trn mng Vinaphone:

71

- Cc MSC s dng chuyn mch knh TDM. Vic u ni gia cc nt mng s dng truyn dn TDM truyn thng, chi ph u t cho knh truyn dn ln. - Lu lng pht sinh gia cc thu bao di ng ch yu din ra trn cng mt khu vc a l (cng 1 tnh), cu hnh kt ni, trong khi khi chuyn mch v iu khin tp trung ti trung tm ca vng, s dn n pht sinh chi ph truyn dn ng di rt ln t cc trung tm vng n cc tnh. - Vic m rng mng gp kh khn v tn km: vi cu trc nh trn, mi khi tng thm MSC hoc thm BSC nng dung lng mng, cn phi tin hnh iu chnh li hu nh tt c cc kt ni, di chuyn phn qun l cc nt mng. Do phi tin hnh trn mng ang hot ng vi s lng khch hng ln, nn y l cng vic c nguy c nh hng ln n s vn hnh an ton ca h thng, rt tn km v mt thi gian v chi ph thc hin. 4.4 NH HNG V K HOCH TRIN KHAI MNG 3G 4.4.1 nh hng kinh doanh thng mi Mng di ng VinaPhone ca VNPT l mt trong 2 mng di ng u tin c cp php cung cp dch v ti th trng Vit Nam. Sau hn 10 nm hot ng, VNPT thit lp c mt ch ng vng chc trong th trng vin thng ni a cho mng VinaPhone cng nh tch lu c nhng kinh nghim cn thit v qun l, th trng v cng ngh. Ring i vi lnh vc dch v ni dung s, VinaPhone c bn hon thin c c ch, m hnh hp tc kinh doanh vi cc i tc cung cp, sn xut ni dung s. y chnh l tin khng th thiu c th trin khai thng mi ho cc dch v trn nn 3G mt cch nhanh chng v hiu qu trong thi gian ti. Bn cnh nhng yu t thun li, thi gian gn y mng di ng VinaPhone cng gp khng t thch thc c th nh hng tiu cc n hot ng sn xut kinh doanh. Trong tng s thu bao di ng 2G ca VinaPhone, c n hn 90% l thu bao tr trc vi mt t l khng nh l thu bao o. Tnh trng ny mt mt gy kh khn trong vn qun l, mt khc gim tnh n nh v quy m ca mng.

72

Bn cnh , doanh thu bnh qun thng ca thu bao di ng ang gim nhanh do gi cc thoi gim v t trng doanh thu d liu cn thp. Mt khc, sc p cnh tranh t cc mng di ng i th l rt ln, c bit l mng di ng Viettel. Tt c cc yu t ny, kt hp vi nhng bin ng kinh t v m, to mt p lc ln i vi vic m bo cc ch tiu li nhun, doanh thu v th phn i vi dch v di ng VinaPhone cng nh i sng ca ngi lao ng cng tc trong lnh vc ny. Trong bi cnh nh trn, VNPT thc c tm quan trng ca nhim v xc lp mt chin lc kinh doanh mi nhm duy tr v y mnh tc pht trin ca mng di ng VinaPhone, trong chuyn i cng ngh 2G hin ti ln cng ngh bng thng rng 3G c xem l mt trong nhng u tin hng u. Trn c s pht huy cc th mnh sn c v kinh nghim v th trng, kt hp vi u im vt tri ca cng ngh 3G, Vinaphone nhn nh vic trin khai mng di ng cng ngh 3G c c hi to ra bc t ph v tnh cnh tranh v theo l kt qu sn xut kinh doanh, c c th ho bng cc ch tiu mc tiu nh sau: Pht trin thu bao: Tng s thu bao di ng tnh n ht nm 2023 phn u t xp x 30 triu thu bao thc vi t trng thu bao 3G l 100%. Tc pht trin thu bao trung bnh hng nm trong giai on 2009-2023 c khong 5,6%. Th phn: Phn u a th phn ca VinaPhone t mc 23,4% hin ti ln 35% vo thi im ht hn giy php. Tng doanh thu: VNPT phn u duy tr tc tng trng doanh thu bnh qun hng nm ca mng di ng VinaPhone mc trn 7% trong giai on 2009-2023, a tng doanh thu di ng t xp x 39.000 t ti thi im 2023, tng hn 2,9 ln so vi thi im hin nay.
Doanh thu dch v d liu (phi thoi) di ng : Tc tng trng

doanh thu dch v d liu trung bnh nm trong giai on 2009-2023 t trn 34% vi t trng d liu (phi thoi) trn tng doanh thu ti thi im 2023 phn u t 64 %.

73

4.4.2 K hoch v d nh trin khai mng 3G thc hin c cc mc tiu ra trn, d kin k hoch trin khai trn mng 3G VinaPhone giai on 2009-2023 nh sau: - M rng vng ph sng mng 3G: Vinaphone hoch nh ra nhng mc tiu v vng ph sng theo dn s trong k hoch nm th 1, nm th 3, nm th 5 v nm th 15 sau khi c cp giy php theo bng di.

Bng 4.4 D kin trin khai vng ph sng 3G ca Vinaphone


Thi gian
Thi im chnh thc cng b dch v

Mc tiu v ph sng trn t l dn s


Hn 70% (theo cch tnh ca HSMTT)

Cc vng mc tiu
- Cc thnh ph ti Vit Nam - Cc sn bay, hu ht cng, ca khu, du lch, cng nghip,..,. - Hu ht cc trung tm tnh l, mt phn khu dn c qun/huyn quan trng.

Cc vng khu vc trng im


- H Ni - TP H Ch Minh - Nng - Hi Phng - Cn Th - Hu v cc thnh ph khc - Cc trung tm tnh l, dn c mt cao c nhu cu ln, quan trng trong chin lc kinh doanh. - Sn bay, cng, ca khu, du lch, cng nghip,.. c nhu cu ln.

Sau 3 nm

Khong 100% (theo cch tnh ca HSMTT)

- S trin khai dch v mng 3G ti tt c cc tnh, thnh ph trn ton quc

- Hu ht cc qun/huyn trung tm quan trng trn ton quc. - Cc ng quc l chnh. - Tt c cc hu ht cng, ca khu, du lch, cng nghip,..,. - Bt u mc tiu a truy cp Internet, dch v bng rng, cng ch v nng thn - Ph sng Inbuiding. - Ph sng quc l chnh.

- Nng cao dung lng, cht lng, bng thng dch v ti cc thnh ph ln trn ton quc. - a truy cp bng rng Internet thng qua mng 3G ti cc vng nng thn kh khn trin khai cp quang, cp ng. - Ph Inbuiding trong cc to nh thng mi, vn phng, chung c cao cp.

74

Thi gian

Mc tiu v ph sng trn t l dn s

Cc vng mc tiu
- Nng cao dung lng, cht lng, bng thng dch v.

Cc vng khu vc trng im

Sau 5 nm

Khong 100% (theo cch tnh ca HSMTT)

- Nng cao dung lng, cht lng, bng thng dch v ti cc vng ph sng trn ton quc. - Trin khai rng mc tiu a truy cp Internet, dch v bng rng, cng ch thng qua mng 3G v nng thn - Ph sng Quc l, tnh l. - M rng vng ph sng, cht lng, bng thng dch v Inbuilding. - Trin khai rng mc tiu a truy cp Internet, dch v bng rng, cng ch thng qua mng 3G v nng thn

- a truy cp Interrnet, dch v bng rng, cng ch thng qua ph sng 3G v cc huyn l, cc im Bu in Vn ha x nng thn, nhng ni dch v bng rng hu tuyn khng p ng nhu cu. - Ph sng c bn cc Quc l, cc tnh l quan trng. - M rng vng ph sng Inbuiding trong cc to nh thng mi, vn phng, chung c cc thnh ph ln. - Nng cao, dung lng, cht lng, bng thng dch v cc khu Inbuiding quan trng, c nhu cu ln.

Sau 15 nm

Khong 100 % (theo cch tnh ca HSMTT)

- Ph sng tt cc cc huyn l. - Ph sng tt cc cc ng Quc l, hu ht cc tnh l. - Trin khai c chiu su, nng cao cht lng, bng thng dch v bng rng, truy cp Internet, cng ch thng qua mng 3G v vng nng thn.

- Ph sng nng thn. - Ph sng tt c cc Quc l, cc tnh l quan trng. - Cc h c th.

- Cng ngh la chn: mng UMTS 3G s dng cng ngh WCDMA HSPA (HSDPA v HSUPA): Cc cng ngh gii quyt vn tng tc Uplink v Downlink trn giao din radio 3G da trn nn tng cng ngh v tuyn WCDMA. Khi c cp php 3G, cng vi vic trin khai mng UMTS 3G, cc cng ngh c trin khai theo lch trnh nu ti bng sau: Bng 4.5 K hoch trin khai k thut cng ngh

75

UPLINK Cc mc Thi gian 1 nm 3 nm Cng ngh p dng Tc ng truyn ti a (Tc l thuyt) HSPA Cat.8 HSPA Cat.9/10 64 Kbps 2,0 Mbps UPLINK Cc mc Thi gian 5 nm 15 nm Cng ngh p dng Tc ng truyn ti a (Tc l thuyt) HSPA+ (non MIMO&OFDM) LTE, MIMO, OFDM 5,76 Mbps 86 Mbps

DOWNLINK Tc ng truyn ti a (Tc l thuyt) 7,2 Mbps 10,0 Mbps /14,4 Mbps DOWNLINK Tc ng truyn ti a (Tc l thuyt) 21 Mbps 173 Mbps

- Quy m mng li: Trong khong thi gian 15 nm t lc c giy php, quy m mng 3G c trin khai trn mng vi s lng thit b v dung lng x l cn thit nh sau Bng 4.6 Quy m mng li 3G trong 15 nm
Thit b Nng lc S lng MSS Dung lng (S thu bao) S lng MGW Dung lng (S thu bao) T/G -MGW HLR/HSS Dung lng (BHCA) Dung lng (S thu bao) 1 Nm 8 10.000.000 14 10.000.000 3 Nm 12 16.000.000 19 16.000.000 5 Nm 13 18.500.000 21 18.500.000 15 Nm 23 32.000.000 35 32.000.000

10.600.000

16.900.000

19.000.000

33.700.000

20.000.000

32.000.000

37.000.000

64.000.000

76

Thit b

Nng lc S lng

1 Nm 6 4.000.000/ 3.200.000 2 3.200.000 15 3.006

3 Nm 7 6.500.000/ 5.200.000 3 5.200.000 40 8.000

5 Nm 10 9.000.000/ 7.200.000 5 7.200.000 51 10.125

15 Nm 19 22.000.000/ 17.600.000 9 17.600.000 75 15.000

SGSN

Dung lng (S Thu bao/ PDP Ctx)

GGSN

S lng Dung lng (S lng PDP Ctx)

RNC NodeB

S lng S lng

M hnh tng th mng sau 3 nm, 5 nm. 15 nm xem ph lc 4_Cu hnh mng 3G km theo. 4.5 PHNG N TRIN KHAI MNG V TUYN UMTS 3G 4.5.1 Quy m trin khai Da trn c s h tng sn c bao gm h thng nh trm BTS, h thng truyn dn, h thng ph tr, Vinaphone s ln k hoch vng ph sng mng dch v 3G ti cc Tnh/Thnh ph v Qun/Huyn nhm mc tiu p ng ti a vic tn dng trit cc ngun lc sn c ca Vinaphone ph sng cc vng trng im c mt dn s cao v cc vng kinh t pht trin, thi gian trin khai nhanh nht, chi ph t nht v ng b mng tt nht ...v.v. Sau y l phn thng tin v cc vng ph sng 3G trn ton quc ti thi im mi bt u cung cp dch v 3G v thi im sau 3 nm, sau 5 nm v sau 15 nm k t khi c cp giy php 3G, c th nh sau:
Thi im Tng s NodeB Chnh thc cung cp dch v 3.006 Sau 3 nm 8.000 Sau 5 nm 10.125 Sau 15 nm 15.000

77

Sau y l phn thng tin v d kin din tch vng ph sng 3G v Vng ph sng 3G theo din tch trn ton quc ca Vinaphone ti thi im chnh thc cung cp dch v, thi im 3 nm, 5 nm v 15 nm k t thi im cp php 3G.
Thi im Tng din tch ph sng 3G (km2) Vng ph sng 3G theo din tch (%) Chnh thc cung cp dch v 22.481 6,79% Sau 3 nm 190.169 57,42% Sau 5 nm 219.307 66,21% Sau 15 nm 256.886 77,56%

4.5.2 Trin khai chung c s h tng mng 3G/2G Hin ti, c s h tng trm BTS mng 2G chia s vi NodeB mng 3G gm: nh trm, ct anten, ng ten, feeder, thit b truyn dn, thit b cp ngun, h thng cu cp trong v ngoi phng my, h thng chng st, h thng cnh bo trm, thit b iu ha v chiu sng. Cc trm BTS mng 2G c c s h tng chia s vi trm NodeB mng 3G phi p ng cc iu kin sau y: - V tr phng my nm trong qui hoch vng ph sng ca NodeB - Phng my iu kin lp t thit b mi ca trm NodeB - Cc trm BTS c trin khai tnh n ngy 31 thng 12 nm 2008

78

Power

BTS Node -B

Power

BTS Node -B

Hnh 4.1 M t thit b 3G dng chung s h tng 2G Nhng trang thit b phc v cho vic chia s c s h tng gia trm thu pht gc 2G (BTS) v trm thu pht gc 3G (NodeB) s c nu c th nh sau: - Anten: V ng ten, do bng tn p ng ng ten s dng 2G khc vi 3G, v ng ten hin c ang s dng trn mng hu ht khng phi l loi ng ten dng chung cho 2G v 3G, nn khi a 3G vo s dng cn phi i sang loi ng ten c th s dng chung cho 2G v 3G. Trong trng hp ct ng ten hin c chu lc v cn ch lp ng ten 3G chuyn dng th cng c th xem xt lp mi ng ten chuyn dng 3G vo ct ng ten sn c. Vic lp mi ng ten 3G c nhng u im sau: + tin hnh ph sng cho tng khu vc mng 2G v 3G khc nhau, chng ta c th lp t cc ng ten c lp vi cc gc nghing v phng v khc nhau. + V khng phi thay i t ng ten chuyn dng cho mng 2G hin c sang ng ten dng chung cho mng 2G v 3G, nn c th trnh c vn

79

gin on dch v 2G v l do thay ng ten. Theo c th ngn c nh hng do gin on dch v i vi ngi ang s dng mng 2G.
2G+3G 3G

2G

2G

Hin trng

Thay th ngten

Gn thm ngten

Hnh 4.2 Phng n s dng anten cho 3G - Dy cp feeder: Mc ch ca vic chia s c s h tng ca dy cp feeder l gim chi ph s dng cp, y nhanh tin thi cng khi khng cn phi lp t thm feeder t NodeB n ng ten. Mng 2G hin ti s dng hai di bng tn GSM900MHz v 1800MHz. Tng ng cp feeder t BTS900MHz v BTS1800MHz s c phn phi tng hp thng qua Diplexer, trong thc t ng ten c kt ni vi BTS da theo hai ng feeder/anten s dng phn cc H v phn cc V (bin i +/- 45 ). Trong trng hp s dng chung anten 3G +2G th hn ch nhy ln nhau ca mng 2G v 3G th s thay i Diplexer hin c bng Diplexer tng thch vi mng 3G.

80

2G ANT

2G 3G ANT

Diplexer 2G

Diplexer 2G

Diplexer 2G 3G

Diplexer 2G+3G

2G BTS 900M

2G BTS 1.8G

2G BTS 900M

2G BTS 1.8G

3G NodeB 2G

Hnh 4.3 M t khi qut vic dng chung feeder - Thit b cp ngun: Mc ch ca vic chia s c s h tng ca cc thit b cp ngun l gim chi ph s dng trong vic trang b v lp t thit b cp ngun, y nhanh tin trin khai khi khng m bo khng gian lp t ngun mi. bt u cung cp dch v 3G, v vic lp t NodeB l thit yu nn lng in nng tiu th s tng. Vic tng cng cc thit b cp ngun nh c quy, cc khi my nn Rectifier (thit b chnh lu dng in AC/DC) v cc thit b in khc l cn thit. + Thit b Rectifier: Theo nguyn l khi gn thm mt modul rectifier vo thit b cp ngun hin c ca trm thu pht gc BTS, kh nng cp ngun ca thit b ny s c tng ln. Nh , ta c th s dng mt cch hiu qu khng gian phng my ca trm thu pht gc m khng cn lp t mi hon ton thit b cp ngun dng cho NodeB. + c quy: H thng c quy c trang b nhm mc ch cung cp in nng cho thit b ang hot ng trong nhng trng hp ngun in chnh b mt, p ng c phn in nng tiu th ca vic lp t thm cc thit b lin quan n

81

3G chng hn nh NodeB, cn phi lp t b sung tng dung lng cho h thng c quy hin ti.
Thit b cp ngun AC/DC Unit #3 Lp t

Unit #1

Unit #2

2G BTS 900M

2G BTS 1.8G

3G NodeB 2G

Hnh 4.4 M t dng chung thit b ngun - Phng my: Mc ch ca vic chia s c s h tng ca phng my l gim chi ph xy dng khng gian lp t thit b, y nhanh tin thi cng khi khng cn xy dng mi v m rng phng my nhm m bo khng gian lp t mi. Tn dng ti a khng gian trng ca phng my, lp t cc thit b lin quan n mng 3G nh NodeB. Vn t ra y l khi trang b thm cc trang thit b ca mng 3G vo phng my c sn, nhit lng to t my mc s tng, v vy cn phi b sung thm cc thit b iu ho khng kh. Hnh v khi qut vic dng chung phng my cho mng 3G c th hin nh sau:

82

Thit b cp ngun iu ho khng kh

GSM

GSM

BATT

Khng gian trng

Hin trng (Ch ring mng 2G) Thit b cp ngun iu ho khng kh

GSM

GSM

BATT

3G 2G 3G

3G

iu ho khng kh

Hnh 4.5 M t dng chung nh trm 4.6 KT LUN CHNG Mc ch chnh ca chng l kho st v thng k nng lc ton mng Vinaphone hin ti. Vi dung lng hin ti hon ton p ng cho nhu cu pht trin thu bao hin ti. Tuy nhin vic pht trin mng ln th h di ng th 3 l tt yu i vi mng Vinaphone. T s b tp hp nh hng kinh doanh thng mi cho trin khai mng UMTS 3G, xy dng cu trc v phng n trin khai mng NGN-Mobile cho mng Vinaphone n nm 2023. iu ny c mt ngha c bit quan trng bi l n p ng yu cu thc t ca tnh hnh pht trin chung, ng thi vic trin khai nh hng v gii php mi trn h thng 3G s gp phn gip Vinaphone duy tr tc pht trin hin nay, n u cng ngh mi v nng nng lc cnh tranh ca doanh nghip.

83

Chng 5. QUY HOCH V TUYN UMTS 3G MNG VINAPHONE KHU VC TP NNG


5.1 HIN TRNG V D BO PHT TRIN THU BAO 3G MNG VINAPHONE KHU VC TP NNG 5.1.1 Khi qut tnh hnh kinh t x hi ti Tp Nng Nng nm trong ta 107.108 108.020 linh ng v 15.055 16.014 v Bc. Pha Bc gip tnh Tha Thin Hu, Ty v Ty nam gip tnh Qung Nam, pha ng gip bin ng. Din tch t nhin 1.283,42 km2, vi dn s l 806.744 ngi, mt 628,58 ngi/km2 (nm 2007) v bao gm 6 qun l: Hi Chu, Thanh Kh, Ng Hnh Sn, Sn Tr, Cm L, Lin Chiu v 02 huyn: Ha Vang v Hong Sa. Nm ti v tr trung tm ca t nc trn trc giao thng Bc-Nam v ng b, ng bin v ng hng khng. a hnh thnh ph va c ng bng, ni, binv nm trong vng kh hu nhit i gi ma in hnh. ng thi Nng cn l trung tm ca 3 di sn vn ha th gii ni ting ca Vit Nam. Trong phm vi khu vc v quc t, Nng nm trong hnh lang kinh t ng ty, l tuyn hnh lang di 1450 km, i qua 4 nc, bt u t thnh ph cng Mawlamyine (bang Mon) n ca khu Myawaddy (bang Kayin) bin gii Myanmar - Thi Lan. Vi nhng iu kin thun li nh vy, nhn dn Tp Nng quyt tm xy dng Xy dng thnh ph Nng tr thnh mt trong nhng trung tm kinh t - vn ho ln ca min Trung v c nc, vi cc chc nng c bn l mt trung tm cng nghip, thng mi, du lch v dch v ca min Trung; l thnh ph cng, u mi giao thng (ng bin, ng hng khng, ng st, ng b) quan trng v trung chuyn v vn ti trong c nc v quc t; l trung tm bu chnh vin thng v ti chnh, ngn hng; l mt trong nhng trung tm vn ho - th thao, gio dc - o to, trung tm khoa hc cng ngh ca min Trung; Nng cn l mt trong nhng a bn gi v tr chin lc quan trng v quc phng v an ninh khu vc nam Trung B, Ty Nguyn v c nc.

84

Kinh t-x hi nc ta nm 2008 din ra trong bi cnh tnh hnh th gii v trong nc c nhiu bin ng phc tp, kh lng. Khng hong ti chnh ton cu dn n mt s nn kinh t ln suy thoi, kinh t th gii suy gim; thin tai, dch bnh i vi cy trng vt nui xy ra lin tip trn a bn c nc gy nh hng ln n sn xut v i sng dn c. Tuy nhin, nh s lnh o, ch o kp thi, quyt lit ca ng b v chnh quyn Tp nng; s n lc c gng v ch ng khc phc kh khn ca cc ngnh, cc tp on, doanh nghip, cc c s sn xut nn kinh t-x hi Tp nng nm 2008 tng bc vt qua kh khn, thch thc, kinh t c bc tng trng kh, lm pht c kim ch, an sinh x hi c bo m, nhiu vn x hi bc xc tip tc c gii quyt c hiu qu v kt qu t c ch yu sau: tng trng kinh t l 11%, thu ngn sch 8.032 t ng t 120% so vi k hoch, gi tr sn xut cng nghip - xy dng c tng 16,6%, trong cng nghip c tng 17,6%, gi tr sn xut cc ngnh dch v c tng 15%, Kim ngch xut khu HH&DV c tng 19,5%, trong xut khu hng ha c tng 16,1%; 5.1.2 Tnh hnh pht trin mng Vin thng ti Tp Nng Hin ti trn a bn Tp Nng c rt nhiu nh khai thc mng Vin thng nh: VNPT, Viettel, EVN, SPT, HT-Mobile, GTel, FPT Telecom. Tuy nhin th phn khai thc ch lc vn l cc n v thuc Tp on Bu chnh Vin thng Vit Nam (VNPT): Vin thng Nng, VDC3, VTN3, VTI3 v 02 mng di ng: Vinaphone v MobilFone. Theo thng k n cui nm 2008,
Tng s thu bao thuc VNPT trn a bn Tp nng c khong 47,4 triu thu bao, tng 70,9% so vi thi im cui nm trc, trong in thoi di ng t 37,1 triu thu bao, chim trn 70% th phn v tng 100,5%; in thoi c nh t 10,3 triu thu bao, chim th phn tuyt i v tng 11,5%.

85

* Ch tiu v nh hng pht trin vin thng ti Tp Nng n nm 2010: - n 2010 phn u t l doanh thu ngnh vin thng s chim t 4%-7% GDP ca ton thnh ph. - 100% cc doanh nghip trn a bn thnh ph c Internet v c s dng cc ng dng Internet trong kinh doanh. - 100% cc trng cp I, II, III c kt ni Internet bng rng v c s dng bi ging in t trong cng tc ging dy. - 100% bnh vin cp huyn tr ln ng dng Internet bng rng trong cng tc chm sc sc khe; 50% trm y t kt ni Internet bng rng. - 100% s, ban ngnh, chnh quyn cp thnh ph v huyn x c kt ni Internet vo mng din rng ca thnh ph; m bo cc dch v trong mi trng Internet, cung cp dch v hnh chnh cng qua mng, thng mi in t, dch v ngn hng, ti chnh, hi quan,... - Mt thu bao Internet quy i t 23%, vi 53% dn s s dng Internet. - 70% thanh nin bit s dng Internet v 30% s dn vng su, vng xa c tip cn dch v Internet. - 100% thn c in thoi c nh v c sng di ng. - Cc tuyn ng chnh ni thnh khng cn cp treo v chiu di dy sp (dy thu bao) khng qu 100m; cc tuyn ng khc trong ni thnh chiu di cp treo khng qu 100m v dy sp khng qu 200m. Ti khu vc ngoi thnh, chiu i cp treo khng qu 500m. Mt in thoi (c nh v di ng) ton thnh ph t mc 86,74 my/100 dn, trong , mt in thoi c nh l 32,95my v in thoi di ng l 53,76 my. - Mng di ng tng ng vi 2.700 my thu pht (TRX). Nng cp mng li ln cng ngh 3G. Cung cp cc dch v ni dung, dch v gia tng.

86

5.1.3 Hin trng mng Vinaphone khu vc Tp Nng Sau khi hon thnh cc d n pht trin mng nm 2008, mng Dch v Vin thng Vinaphone khu vc Tp Nng (h thng chuyn mch, dch v GPRS qun l ton b khu vc min Trung) c quy m nh sau: - Phn chuyn mch: + MSC/VLR: 02 tng i MSC ca Ericsson v Siemens vi tng dung lng 1.850K. 02 tng i ny lm c chc nng Transit/Gateway vi trung tm min Nam, min Bc v cc mng ngoi + 01 HLR_Siemens vi dung lng 2.000K. - PPS-IN: 03 khi IVR_Comverse (Interactive Voice Response) c tng nng lc 600 port (tng ng 2.400K BHCA) - H thng SMSC_Huawei dung lng 2.048K BHSM - Phn v tuyn v vng ph sng: thit b BSS c lp t ng b thit b Motorola, gm: + TRAU: gm 23 TRAU (kt ni chung cho ton b h thng BSS Motorola ti Nng, Qung Nam, Ph Yn, Khnh Ha) c tng s giao tip l 1.132 E1 A-Interface. + 04 BSC cu hnh 4-Cage vi tng s TRX qun l l 2.048 TRX + BTS: gm 175 BTS - 1.211 TRX vi tng lu lng thit k l 5.553 Erlang. C th danh sch v cu hnh BTS hin ti xem ph lc 5_Hin trng BSS 2G khu vc Tp Nng km theo 5.1.4 D bo pht trin thu bao 3G mng Vinaphone khu vc Tp Nng 5.1.4.1 Tnh hnh pht trin thu bao mng Vinaphone khu vc Tp Nng Cng ha chung vi s tng trng mnh khng ngng ton mng, Vinaphone Tp Nng tr thnh mt trong cc mng cung cp dch v thng tin di ng ln ti Tp Nng v quy m pht trin thu bao cng nh h tng mng: tnh n cui nm 2008, tng s thu bao thc hin ang hot ng trn mng ca Vinaphone ti khu vc l 394,7 nghn thu bao, trn 200 BTS ph sng ton b cc

87

qun huyn, h thng chuyn mch dung lng 1.650K subs. Minh ha s liu pht trin thu bao mng Vinaphone khu vc Tp nng trong nhng nm qua:
Mng Vinaphone Thu bao tr sau Thu bao tr trc Cong thue bao hoat dong thuc Nm 2006 15.641 161.968 177.600 Nm 2007 16.331 269.878 286.200 Nm 2008 16.860 377.830 394.700

5.1.4.2 D bo pht trin thu bao mng Vinaphone khu vc Tp Nng Theo nh gi ca cc chuyn gia: th trng di ng Vit Nam vn tip tc l mt th trng rt tim nng. c bit trong nm 2009, khi m cc nh cung cp hin c tip tc hon thin mnh v a vo cc dch v mi 3G nhm thu ht c gii tr cng nh cc i tng khch hng c nhu cu s dng Data-di ng. V vi mt t nc hn 85 triu dn, t l dn s tr cao th nhu cu s dng dch v di ng s cn tng cao, d kin ti nm 2010, Vit Nam s c khong 65 triu in thoi di ng. Qua , i vi mng Vinaphone, giai on 2009-2014, d bo pht trin thu bao mng Vinaphone qua cc cn c sau: - Vic d bo ly n v c bn l thu bao hot ng, khng k l loi thu bao tr trc, tr sau hay c mc doanh thu khc nhau. - Mi trng cnh tranh quyt lit v lnh vc Di ng Vit nam, khng cho php VNPT chm tr trong cc quyt nh pht trin mng v cng ngh Di ng. - Vic d bo cho Vinaphone cn c trn d bo v tng thu bao hot ng ca ton th trng dch v in thoi di ng Vit Nam. - S tng trng ca tng s thu bao ny c xc nh da trn cc yu t: dn s c th s dng dch v in thoi di ng, tc tng trng GDP, t l m rng vng ph sng theo dn c, nh hng ca gim gi (gim gi cc v khuyn mi nhp mng).

88

- Th phn hin ti, kh nng v mc tiu v th phn tng trng ca Vinaphone c xc nh theo tng trung tm v tng nm. - V dn s, gi thit l ton b dn s trong tui u c nhu cu tim n v s dng dch v in thoi di ng. Mt gi thit na l s c mt b phn thu bao s dng ng thi mt lc dch v ca c hai mng. - V tc tng GDP, d tnh cc nm ti s c t l tng l 9% v sau l 8%. Trn thc t, tc tng thu nhp bnh qun u ngi cng tng theo t l tng ng ca GDP. - V vng ph sng, l trnh d tnh l n cui nm 2010, 93% dn s trn lnh th Vit Nam s c ph sng. - Trong nm 2008, t l ca Vinaphone trong th trng tng trng mi l 30% v mc tiu 35% cho cc nm tip theo. Cng ty s tp trung pht trin cho cc th trng cn nhiu tim nng l Trung tm I, Trung tm II a th phn ca Vinaphone ti cc khu vc ny ln trn 35%. p dng phng php v cc gi thuyt trn tnh ton, d bo v pht trin thu bao ca mng Vinaphone khu vc Tp Nng cho giai on 2009-2014 nh bng sau:
Cui nm 2008 Ch tiu Tng thu bao Vinaphone (nghn) Thu bao 3G (nghn) 20,5 33% 127,7 35% 440,5 35% Thu bao 394,7 Th phn 23,4% Cui nm 2009 Thu bao 592,1 Th phn 31% Cui nm 2011 Thu bao 851,2 Th phn 31% Cui nm 2013 Thu bao 978,8 Th phn 33%

T s liu d bo tng qut trn, sau khi kho st theo nhu cu ca tng qun/huyn trn a bn thnh ph th d bo nhu cu theo n v hnh chnh c th nh sau:

89

Bng 5.1 D bo pht trin thu bao mng Vinaphone Tp Nng


STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Qun/huyn Hi Chu Thanh Kh Sn Tr Ng Hnh Sn Lin Chiu Cm L Ha Vang Hong Sa Tng cng 806.746 Dn s Din tch (ngi) (km2) 195.106 167.287 119.969 54.066 95.088 68.320 106.910 21,35 9,36 59,32 38,59 79,13 33,76 736,91 305 1.283,42 Thu bao nm 2009 2G 138.238 118.527 85.001 38.307 67.372 48.406 75.748 571.600 3G 5.758 5.051 2.848 1.574 2.416 1.736 1.117 20.500 723.500 Thu bao nm 2011 2G 174.974 150.025 107.590 48.487 85.276 61.270 95.878 3G 35.883 31.480 18.990 11.558 12.052 10.814 6.923 127.700 538.300 Thu bao nm 2013 2G 130.184 111.622 80.049 36.075 63.447 45.586 71.336 3G 116.532 101.342 55.506 44.521 51.920 37.304 33.375 440.500

5.2 THIT K QUY HOCH MNG 5.2.1 Tnh ton s lng Node-B cn thit Trong ni dung thit k vng ph sng, qu cng sut ng ln (Uplink budget) c s dng tnh bn knh cell v a ra s trm (Node B) cn thit m bo ph sng theo yu cu. Trong giai on trin khai ban u, s lng thu bao 3G v cc dch v gia tng cha pht trin mnh, lu lng vn cn thp. Do vy, chng ta s ch trng vo vic xy dng mt mng 3G c vng ph rng ti cc thnh ph ln nh H Ni, Tp. H Ch Minh, Nng, Hi Phng, Cn Th, Nha Trang, Bin Ha, Cn Th, H Long v ton b thnh ph, th x trung tm ca 64 tnh trn c nc. i vi mi trng th ti thnh ph ln, cc khu vc trung tm c mt thu bao ln (dense urban) c tnh ton thit k sn sng p ng cc dch v truyn d liu tc cao nh PS 384, HSPA.. ng thi vi cc khu vc th yu cu mc ph sng ti thiu cho dch v CS 64, ngoi l CS 12,2. Do vi cc khu vc qun/huyn trn a bn Tp nng, qua kho st s b, xc nh c khu vc mt thu bao v cc dch v s liu sn sng p ng nh sau:

90

Bng 5.2 D kin loi hnh ph sng 3G v dch v trn a bn Tp Nng


STT Qun/huyn 1 2 Hi Chu Thanh Kh Mt Dn s (ngi/km2) 9.251,11 18.046,06 c im Thng mi, du lch, cao c vn phng,dn c ng c Thng mi, cao c vn phng, sn bay, dn c ng c Du lch, khu cng nghip, cng bin, dn c tp trung va phi Du lch, lng i hc, dn c tp trung va phi Du lch, khu cng nghip, lng i hc, cng bin, dn c tp trung va phi Bun bn nh, nng nghip, dn c tp trung va phi khu cng nghip, nng nghip, cng bin, dn c tp trung tha tht D kin ph sng Dense urban Dense urban Urban Urban Urban D kin tc dch v cung cp tnh vng ph CS 64 CS 64

3 4 5

Sn Tr Ng Hnh Sn Lin Chiu

1.970,58 1.476,41 1.144,54

CS 64 CS 64 CS 64

Cm L

2.054,74

Urban Sub urban

CS 64

Ha Vang

151,14

12,2

Da vo cc s liu thu thp v kho st trn, thc hin nh c, tnh ton quy hoch mng nhm m bo c cc yu cu v ph sng v m bo c gi thnh u t hp l. Thc hin tnh ton bng chng trnh chng 3 ta thu c kt qu nh sau: Bng 5.3 D kin s lng Node-B trin khai ti Tp Nng
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Qun/huyn Hi Chu Thanh Kh Sn Tr Ng Hnh Sn Lin Chiu Cm L Ha Vang Tng cng Mt Dn s (ngi/km2) 9.251,11 18.046,06 1.970,58 1.476,41 1.144,54 2.054,74 151,14 S Node B cn ph sng 39 17 27 23 35 20 21 182 Node-B D kin ph sng Dense urban Dense urban Urban Urban Urban Urban Suburban

91

Vi s lng Node-B tnh c trn, theo nhu cu s dng v yu cu v cht lng ph sng trong vng 2 nm bt u trin khai dch v, c s h tng mng hin c cho thit b 2G, d kin vic trin khai Node-B ti Tp Nng s chia lm 02 giai on: - Pha 1: Giai on 2009 2010 vi tng s l 134 Node-B v s s dng chung c s h tng trm 2G hin c y nhanh tin trin khai - Pha 2: Giai on 2011-2013 vi tng s l 182 Node-B, khi s lp t b sung thm trm cho giai on 1 v ng thi nng cp m rng cc Node-B hin c m bo dung lng phc v thu bao. - Pha 3: Sau 5 nm khai thc a mng vo s dng s ty thuc vo nhu cu v hin trng phc v ca mng s tin hnh ti u ha mng. T s quyt nh nng cp cu hnh v b sung lp t thm Node-B. C th dung lng v s lng Node-B lp t ti cc khu vc trong Tp xem phn 5.2.1.Tnh ton dung lng cho Node-B. 5.2.2 Tnh ton dung lng cho Node-B Da trn cc s liu v traffic model ca mt s mng 3G ang hot ng trong khu vc, d kin cc tham s lu lng trn mng thit k dung lng nh sau: Bng 5.4 M hnh traffic Model d kin ca mng Vinaphone
Parameter Voice call traffic per subs BH Video call traffic per subs BH PS sub penetration rate Average throughput of PS64/64 PS subs BH Average throughput of PS subs BH Average throughput of PS subs BH PS64/128 PS64/384 Unit Erlang Erlang Kbyte Kbyte Kbyte Kbyte Kbyte 150 Uplink 0,025 0,0025 20 10 5 Downlink 0,025 0,0025 40 30 50 450 Percentage subscribers 100% 30% 70% of

Average HSDPA throughput per HSDPA subs BH Average HSUPA throughput per HSUPA subs BH

92

Cn c vo Traffic model trn v s lng Node-B tnh m bo ph sng theo yu cu, tnh ton cu hnh cho Node-B gm: s CE (Channel Element) v Number Code (S dng cho HSDPA) cn thit, c th cho khu vc Tp Nng nh sau: - Pha 1 Giai on 2009-2010: Bng 5.5 S Node-B lp t d kin pha 1
Pha 1 giai on 2009-2010 Qun/huyn Thu 3G n nm 2011 35.883 31.480 18.990 11.558 12.052 10.814 6.923 127.700 S lng Node-B 32 16 20 21 25 16 4 134 Thu Dung lng Erlang yu bao CE ti thiu cu/Node-B /Node-B 1 hng 1.122 1.968 950 551 483 676 1.731 49,40 86,64 41,82 24,26 21,26 29,76 76,21 68 107 60 41 38 47 96

Hi Chu Thanh Kh Sn Tr Ng Hnh Sn Lin Chiu Cm L Ha Vang Tng cng

Bng 5.6 Cu hnh 134 Node-B d kin pha 1


Node B Config 1/1/1 ready 3/3/3 128 CE Uplink & 128 CE Downlink Knh CE (Ready 384 UL/384 DL) Code cho HSDPA 15 Code 16 QAM ti a 14,4 Mbps/Node

- Pha 2 Giai on 2011-2013: Bng 5.7 S Node-B lp t d kin pha 2


Pha 2 giai on 2011-2013 Qun/huyn Thu 3G n nm 2013 116.532 101.342 55.506 44.521 51.920 37.304 33.375 S lng Node-B 39 17 27 23 35 20 21 Thu Dung lng Erlang yu bao CE ti thiu 1 cu/Node-B /Node-B hng 2.988 5.962 2.056 1.936 1.484 1.866 1.590 131,55 262,48 90,52 85,23 65,33 82,15 70,00 157 298 115 110 89 106 94

Hi Chu Thanh Kh Sn Tr Ng Hnh Sn Lin Chiu Cm L Ha Vang

93

Pha 2 giai on 2011-2013 Qun/huyn Thu 3G n nm 2013 440.500 S lng Node-B 182 Thu Dung lng Erlang yu bao CE ti thiu 1 cu/Node-B /Node-B hng

Tng cng

T kt qu trin khai t c ti pha 1, d kin trin khai cho pha 2 nh sau: Bng 5.8 D kin Node-B lp t trin khai cho pha 2
Trin khai Pha 2 giai on 2011-2013 STT Qun/huyn Hin trng Node-B 1/1/1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hi Chu Thanh Kh Sn Tr Ng Hnh Sn Lin Chiu Cm L Ha Vang Tng cng 32 16 20 21 25 16 4 134 19 6 S lng Node-B trang b Nng Nng cp 1/1/1 cp 1/1/1 ln 2/2/2 ln 3/3/3 9 10 6 7 2 10 4 17 47 1 1/1/1 7 1 27 23 35 20 21 156 20 6 2/2/2 Tng cng sau lp t 1/1/1 30 2/2/2 9 11 6 3/3/3

Bng 5.9 Cu hnh Node-B d kin pha 2


Node B Config 128 CE Uplink & 128 CE 256 CE Uplink & 256 384 CE Uplink & 384 CE Knh CE Downlink (Ready 384 UL/384 DL) Code cho HSDPA 14,4 Mbps/Cell CE Downlink (Ready 384 UL/384 DL) 14,4 Mbps/Cell 14,4 Mbps/Cell Downlink Config 1/1/1 ready 3/3/3 Config 2/2/2 ready 3/3/3 Config 3/3/3

15 Code 16 QAM ti a 15 Code 16 QAM ti a 15 Code 16 QAM ti a

- Dung lng RNC: Do d kin vic trin khai ban u lp t thit b v tuyn UMTS 3G ng b s theo khu vc tnh/thnh v ti Nng & cc tnh min trung s lp t ng b 01 chng loi thit b. Trong ti Nng s c 01 RNC v qun l mt vi tnh thnh khc. V vy vic tnh dung lng cho RNC ny s ph thuc vo s lng Node-B trin khai ti cc tnh/thnh khc m RNC ny s qun l. Nn vic tnh dung lng RNC s khng thc hin tnh trong lun vn ny.

94

5.2.3 Kho st lp t trm pha 1 5.2.3.1 V tr Node-B v RNC Thng qua kho st cc v tr BTS_2G Vinaphone hin c ti TP Nng, nhn thy vic dng chung c s h tng hin c lp t cho cc Node-B l hon ton hp l, c th: - V trm hon ton p ng b sung thm thit b Indoor ca Node-B. - Tr anten: cc BTS hin c mi ch treo khong 4 b anten gm 3 b anten BTS + 1 b anten Viba. Trong khi cc tr anten hin ti c thit k chu lc v v tr lp t ti thiu cho 12 b anten, nn vic lp b sung 3 b anten ca Node-B vo cc tr ny l hon ton m bo. - H thng ph tr khc nh tip t, h thng cnh bo, iu ha...cng hon ton p ng vic lp t b sung trm. Tuy nhin ring i vi h thng ngun DC (Rectifier v Accu) th cn phi nng cp m rng v h thng DC ny mi ch m bo phc v cho BTS v phn vic ny trong qu trnh trin khai lp t thc t Vinaphone v Vin thng Nng s phi hp thc hin. - Ring RNC thun tin cho cng tc u ni v ti u truyn dn RNC v MSS (Mobile Softswitch), d kin RNC s lp t cng v tr vi MSS. C th RNC_ Nng s c lp t ti Ta nh K thut Vinaphone 3 - S 04 Nguyn Vn Linh, Qua thng k c s h tng nu trn, d kin danh sch v v tr cc Node-B v RNC s c trin khai trong pha 1 xem ph lc 6_Tng hp s liu kho st v tr lp t Node-B Vinaphone ti Tp Nng pha 1 5.2.3.2 Truyn dn cho Node-B Dung lng trn giao din Iu-B ti thiu truyn dn v RNC cho mi Node-B khong 8 lung E1 (bao gm d phng cho cc dch v s liu v sau). Trong khi vic s dng chung truyn dn hin ti (kt hp Viba v cp quang) ca BTS v cc BSC l rt kh khn v khng kh thi, v: - Dung lng truyn dn hin ti ca cc BTS gn nh l khng p ng c vic u ni thm cho Node-B

95

- Cc BTS u ni v cc BSC theo kiu hnh sao nn cha c c Ring gia cc BTS. Do vy s khng m bo c an ton v khng c d phng khi cc tuyn truyn dn ny mt lin lc. ng thi khi s trm BTS tng thm th vi cu hnh sao s lm cho h thng truyn dn cng phc tp, s anten Viba v hops s dy c cc TP ln nh Nng; - Cc thit b truyn dn viba hin c trn mng vi cng ngh PDH c dung lng thp (t 2E1 n 4E1), khng h tr giao din IP... Nn s khng p ng c cc yu cu v truyn ti cc dch v yu cu bng thng rng, cc dch v trn nn IP trong mng dung lng ln nh 3G; V s kh khn trong vic trin khai h thng mng p ng cht ch cc yu cu v QoS trong tng lai. - C nhiu chng loi thit b ang hot ng trn mng nh NEC, Ericcson, Nera, Alcatel, Harriss, Siemens nn thc s kh khn trong cng tc qun l mng (NMS), bo dng ng cu... dn n tng chi ph vn hnh khai thc v hon ton khng ti u xy dng mt h thng qun l chung. Vi nhng nhc im trn v cc yu cu i vi mt h thng truyn dn mi phi p ng c cc yu cu v cht lng, in cy cc tuyn truyn dn, truyn ti cc dch v bng rng, linh hot trong qun l khai tc v u ni, cn thit phi xy dng mt mng truyn dn mi theo cng ngh NG SDH ng b h tr truyn dn cho h thng v tuyn 3G khu vc Tp Nng theo phng n sau: - Tuy vic trin khai h thng mng Viba-SDH th thun tin v nhanh chng hn vic trin khai mng truyn dn quang. Nhng do h thng truyn dn quang hin c ca VNPT Nng l rt a dng v gn nh i qua tt c cc v tr Node-B c trin khai nn s tn dng ti a mng truyn dn quang ny. - Thc hin nng cp mng truyn dn VNPT Nng hin ti to vng Ring lin Host phc v ring cho mng 3G gm Host i Pht Host Ha Khnh Host 2-9 Host Bc M An RNC Vinaphone s dng thit b ADM-64 v ADM16 v vic khai thc v gim st c thc hin trn cng 1 h thng qun l tp trung.

96

- Lp t cc u cui thit b quang ADM-1 ti cc Node-B u ni im im vo trm thuc VNPT Nng gn nht. - Thc hin lp t cng mt chng loi thit b u cui quang nhm ti u cng tc qun l mng sau ny. - Ti cc im khng th trin khai lp t thit b quang th s trin khai lp t cc tuyn Viba vi dung lng 16 E1. Qua kho st hin trng truyn dn ca cc BTS v phng n d kin nu trn, s lng thit b u cui quang, Viba v cu hnh truyn dn d kin lp t xy dng mng truyn dn 3G cho cc Node-B v RNC nh sau: - Thit b truyn dn quang: + Lp t thit b to RING lin HOST: Bng 5.10 Lp t thit b truyn dn to RING lin HOST
Tn trm Thit b Truyn dn Truyn dn quang ADM quang ADM 16 64 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 5

Host i Pht MSC Vinaphone 3 Host 2-9 Host Ha Khnh Host Bc M An Tng cng

+ Lp t thit b ti Node-B u ni im-im v CSND gn nht ca VNPT Nng nh sau:

Bng 5.11 Lp t quang cho cc Node-B


STT 1 2 3 4 5 Tn trm Da-Nang-Airport_DNG Trn Ph 2_DNG Tue-Tinh_DNG Thanh-Long_DNG 210-Tran-Cao-Van_DNG TB ADM-1 1 1 1 1 1 Dung lng lp t E1 8 8 8 8 8 u im-im v trm vin thng VNPT Nng CSND ng Ty CSND Trng N Vng CSND Trng N Vng VTN 3 VTN 3

97

STT 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

Tn trm CMT8_DNG Duy-Tan_DNG Le-Ba-Trinh_DNG CD-Phuong-Dong_DNG Tay-Nam-Hoa-Cuong_DNG BD-Hoa-Xuan_DNG Doi-Cung_DNG 38-Bui-Ky_DNG Nai-Hien-Dong_DNG CD-Viet-Han_DNG KCDT-Tan-Tra_DNG Non-Nuoc_DNG Sandy Beach_DNG 10-Yet-Kieu_DNG 6G-Thanh-Vinh_DNG Bai-Bac_DNG Bai-But_DNG Ngu-Hanh-Son_DNG Tran-Hoanh_DNG Tu-Vien-Paulo_DNG 17-Ngo-Quyen_DNG BC-Ngo-Quyen_DNG 818-Tran-Cao-Van_DNG Dien-Bien-Phu_DNG Huynh-Ngoc-Hue_DNG Thai-Thi-Boi_DNG VMS-Hoa-Lien_DNG Khu-Hoa-An_DNG Ton-Duc-Thang_DNG Cu-De_DNG Nguyen-Luong-Bang_DNG 1016-Truong-Chinh_DNG Ho-Tung-Mau_DNG KDC-Hoa-Minh_DNG Phan-Van-Dinh_DNG Tng cng

TB ADM-1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 40

Dung lng lp t E1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 320

u im-im v trm vin thng VNPT Nng CSND Cm L CSND Duy Tn CSND Duy Tn CSND Ha Cng CSND Ha Cng CSND Ha Xun CSND Khu Trung CSND Khu Trung CSND Mn Thi CSND Non Nc CSND Non Nc CSND Non Nc CSND Non Nc CSND Sn Tr CSND Sn Tr CSND Sn Tr CSND Sn Tr OCB Bc M An OCB Bc M An OCB Bc M An OCB Bc M An CSND An n CSND Nng 2 CSND Nng 2 CSND Nng 2 CSND Nng 2 CSND Ha Lin CSND Ha Minh CSND Ha Minh CSND Ha Ninh CSND Lin Chiu CSND Phc Tng CSND Ph Lc CSND Ph Lc CSND Xun Thiu

+ Lp t thit b ti cc CSND u ni im-im cho cc NodeB nh sau: Bng 5.12 Lp t thit b truyn dn ti cc CSND
Tn trm CSND ng Ty CSND Trng N Vng VTN 3 (04 ng ch Khim) TB ADM-1 1 2 2 Dung lng lp t E1 8 16 16

98

Tn trm CSND Cm L CSND Duy Tn CSND Ha Cng CSND Ha Xun CSND Khu Trung CSND Mn Thi CSND Non Nc CSND Sn Tr OCB Bc M An CSND An n CSND Nng 2 CSND Ha Lin CSND Ha Minh CSND Ha Ninh CSND Lin Chiu CSND Phc Tng CSND Ph Lc CSND Xun Thiu

TB ADM-1 1 2 2 1 2 1 4 4 4 1 4 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 40

Dung lng lp t E1 8 16 16 8 16 8 32 32 32 8 32 8 16 8 8 8 16 8 320

- Lp t b sung cc tuyn viba: Bng 5.13 Lp t thit b Viba


STT im u im cui VTN 3 (o Hi Vn) VTN 3 (04 ch Khim) VTN 3 (04 ch Khim) MSC Vinaphone 3 (04 Ng.Vn Linh) Host Ha Khnh Thit b Viba 2 2 2 2 2 10 Dung lng lp t E1 ti mi trm 16 16 16 16 16 80

1 2 3 4 5

Hai-Vn_DNG Phan-Boi -Chau_DNG Cho-TamGiac_DNG Ham-Nghi_DNG Ba-Na_DNG Tng cng

C th cu hnh truyn dn quang v viba trang b mi phc v cho mng 3G xem ph lc 7_Cu hnh mng truyn dn quang v viba mi phc v cho truy nhp 3G km theo

99

5.3 KT LUN CHNG Nh trnh trnh vy cc chng trrc, vic thit k quy hoch mng l rt phc tp v ph thc nhiu vo thc t ti tng khu vc. i vi mng Vinaphone Cng vy, vic trin kahi thc t mng v tuyn 3G khng th p dng theo mt l trnh cng nhc no, iu ty thuc vo hon cnh c th, vo iu kin pht trin ca th trng v th phn ca nh khai thc . Trong chng ny trnh cng tc quy hoch thit k ban u trin khai mng v tuyn UMTS 3G Vinaphone ti khu vc Tp Nng giai on 2009-2013. Qua d bo s lng thu bao 3G mng Vinaphone ti Tp Nng, tin hnh kho st nhu cu ti cc khu vc Qun/huyn t a ra cc kt qu yu cu ph sng v nh c dung lng mng. Sau khi nh c mng, quy hoch vng ph s i n quy hoch chi tit, tnh ton s lng cc node, chn v tr t trm v tin hnh kho st s b cc v tr ng thi a phng n truyn dn cho cc node. Vic kho st lp t mi ch thc hin cho pha 1 (2009-2010) kp thi trin khai mng 3G (d kin u qu IV- Vinaphone s ra mt dch v 3G), cn pha 2 (2011-2013) s l cc thng tin s liu d kin v ph thuc vo kt qu thc hin v kinh doanh ca pha 1.

KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN CA TI

100

Sau hn 6 thng thc hin, ti GII PHP QUY HOCH MNG V TUYN UMTS 3G V P DNG TRIN KHAI CHO MNG VINAPHONE KHU VC TP NNG" hon thnh . D ti vi mc ch nghin cu tm hiu v a ra gii php quy hoch thit k chi tit h thng v tuyn UMTS-3G l v cng cp thit i vi vic kinh doanh v pht trin ca mng Vinaphone trong thi gian n. V cng tc quy hoch thit k chi tit s gip Vinaphone ti u v ti nguyn x l h thng, cht lng mng v chi ph u t mng 3G. D ti co l thuyt tng quan truy nhp v tuyn WCDMA v cc c im lin quan, l thuyt quy hoch h thng truy nhp WCDMA v cc k thut thit k vng ph sng, thit k lu lng v ng dng c th m hnh quy hoch vo mng Vinaphone khu vc Tp Nng. Kt qu t c ca ti nh sau: - Xy dng m hnh tnh ton quy hoch mng v tuyn UMTS 3G v phn mm quy hoch nhm h tr vic tnh ton quy hoch. - Thit k quy hoch chi tit cho vic trin khai mng v tuyn UMTS 3G cho mng Vianphone ti khu vc Tp Nng giai on 2009-2010 v d kin k hoch trin khai trong giai on 2011-2013. T a ra cc bng biu s liu, phng n trin khai, truyn dn cho mng truy nhp... Tuy nhin do y mi ch l bc thit k quy hoch chi tit cho vic trin khai ban u hnh thnh mng nn vic thc hin ti u ha mng bng cch s dng cc thng s phn tch hiu nng trong qu trnh s dng. Do vic thu thp s liu o kim v phn tch cc thng s hot ng ca mng trong thi gian mng i vo hot ng cng vi vic xy dng chng trnh m phng ti u trong cng tc quy hoch s l hng i tip theo ca ti. mng li ng dng rng ri, ti xy dng c bn m hnh tnh ton thit k quy hoch mng cho h thng v tuyn UMTS 3G, do vy ngoi phm vi p dng cho mng Vinaphone khu vc Tp Nng, ti hon ton c th vn dng trin khai cho cc mng v khu vc khc.

101

TI LIU THAM KHO


[1] Jonathan P.Castro, "The UMTS Network anh Radio Access Technology",

John Wiley & Sons, 2001.


[2] Juha Korhonen, Introduction to 3G Mobile Communication, Artech

House, 2003.

102

[3] Harri Holma & Antti Toskala, WCDMA for UMTS, John Wiley &

Sons, 2004.
[4] Jaana Laiho & Achim Wacker & Tomas Novosad, Radio Network

Planning and Optiomisation for UMTS, John Wiley & Sons, 2006.
[5] http://www.umtsworld.com [6] http://www.ieee.org [7] http://www.danang.gov.vn [8] Cu trc mng truyn dn ca VNPT Nng [9] Cu trc mng Vinaphone [10] Ti liu tham kho ca cc nh cung cp thit bi: Motorola, Huawei,

Nokiia Siemens Network, Ericsson...

PH LC

You might also like