21

Chng3: BAO V DONG CO HNG

l. NGUYN TC TAC NG:


Hnh 3.1 : Mang h co ngun cung cp 2 pha.

Dc dam bao cat chon Ioc hu
hong trong mang ho co mot vaI
nguon cung cp, cung nhu trong
mang vong co mot nguon cung
cp tu khoang nam 1910 nguoI ta
bat du dung bao vc dong co
huong.
Bao v dong din co
huong la loai bao v phan ung
Iheo gia Ir| dong din Iai ch ni
bao v va goc pha giua dong
din do voi din ap Irn Ihanh
gop cua Iram co dI bao v. Bao
v se Iac dng nu dong din
vuoI qua gia Ir| d|nh Iruoc {dong
khoi dng I
KD
) va goc pha phu
hop voi Iruong hop ngn mach
Irn duong dy duoc bao v.



Hnh 3.2 : Mang vong co 1 ngun
cung cp
ll. SO BV DONG CO HUONG:
Truong hop tong quat, bao vc dong dIcn co huong gom 5 bo phn chnh:
khoi dng, d|nh huong cng suI va Iao Ihoi gian (hnh 5.5). Bo phn d|nh
huong cong sut cua bao vc duoc cung cp tu may bIcn dong (BI) va may bIcn
dIcn ap (BU). Dc bao vc tac dong dI cat, tt ca cac bo phn cua bao vc cn phaI
tac dong.
Bang vIcc khao sat su Iam vIcc cua roIc d|nh huong cong sut khI hu hong
trong va ngoaI vung bao vc ta sc rut ra duoc nhung tnh cht moI cua bao vc dong
co thcm roIc d|nh huong cong sut.
KhI ngan mach trcn doan AB (taI dIcm H gn thanh gop B, hnh 5.2) trong
vung tac dong cua bao vc 2, do th| vccto cac dong dIcn I
H
, I
H
va I
H
= I
H
+I
H
nhu
trcn hnh 5.4a. Cac dong dIcn nay chm sau suc dIcn dong L
p
cua nguon cung cp
mot goc
HT
va chung tao ncn mot goc
D
so voI ap du U
pB
trcn thanh gop tram B.

22
KhI ngan mach trcn doan BC gn thanh gop B (dIcm H, hnh 5.2), do th| vccto
cac dong dIcn do thuc tc vn gIong nhu doI voI dIcm H (hnh 5.4b). Ap du U
pB

khong thay doI vc goc pha. Hcu chon dong I
B2
cua bao vc 2 co huong tu thanh
gop B vao duong dy AB (hnh 5.2) va Iy U
B2
= U
PB
th co thc xac d|nh duoc quan
hc goc pha gIua I
B2
va U
B2
khI ngan mach o dIcm H va H.


Hnh 3.3 : S nguyn l 1 pha cua bao v dong co hng.

Ly vccto dIcn ap U
B2
Iam goc dc xac d|nh goc pha cua I
B2
. Goc Icch pha
duoc coI Ia duong khI dong chm sau ap va m khI vuot truoc.
KhI ngan mach o H, cong sut ngan mach huong tu thanh gop B vao duong
dy AB, Iuc y I
B2
= I
H
va
B2
= goc (U
B2
,I
B2
) =
D
. KhI ngan mach o H cong sut
ngan mach huong tu duong dy AB dcn thanh gop B, I
B2
= - I
H
va
B2
=
D
- 1B0
0
.
Hhu vy khI d|ch chuycn dIcm hu hong tu vung duoc bao vc ra vung khong duoc
bao vc, goc pha cua I
B2
dat vao roIc cua bao vc 2 so voI U
B2
da thay doI 1B0
0

(gIong nhu su doI huong cua cong sut ngan mach). HoI roIc d|nh huong cong sut
thc nao dc no khoI dong khI nhn duoc goc
B2
(cong sut ngan mach huong tu
thanh gop vao duong dy) va khong khoI dong khI nhn duoc goc
B2
khac voI

B2
mot goc 1B0
0
(cong sut ngan mach huong tu duong dy vao thanh gop) va
nhu vy ta co thc thuc hIcn duoc bao vc co huong.

Hnh 3.4 : th vect ap va dong khi hng cng sut NM
i t thanh gop vao ng dy (a) va t ng dy vao thanh gop (b)

23
lll. THOl GlAN lAM VlC:
Bao vc dong co huong thuong duoc thuc hIcn voI dac tnh thoI gIan doc Ip,
thoI gIan Iam vIcc cua cac bao vc duoc xac d|nh thco nguyn Ic bc Ihang
nguoc chiu nhau. Tt ca cac bao vc cua mang duoc chIa thanh 2 nhom thco
huong tac dong cua bo phn d|nh huong cong sut. ThoI gIan Iam vIcc cua moI
nhom duoc chon thco nguycn tac bc thang nhu da xct doI voI bao vc dong cuc
daI.
Xct v du vc nguycn tac chon thoI gIan Iam vIcc cua cac bao vc trong mang
ho co nguon cung cp 2 pha (hnh 5.5a).

Hnh 3.5 : c tnh thi gian lam vic cua cac bao v dong co hng

Bo phn d|nh huong cong sut ch Iam vIcc khI huong cong sut ngan mach
dI tu thanh gop vao duong dy duoc bao vc (quy uoc vc bang muI tcn o bao vc).
Cac bao vc duoc chIa thanh 2 nhom : 2, 4, 6, va 5, 5, 1.
NoI nhom bao vc co thc chon thoI gIan Iam vIcc thco nguycn tac bc thang
khong phu thuoc vao thoI gIan Iam vIcc cua nhom kIa. Trcn hnh 5.5b Ia dac tnh
thoI gIan cua cac bao vc duoc chon thco nguycn tac bc thang nguoc chIcu nhau.
Tuong tu cung co thc chon thoI gIan Iam vIcc cua bao vc dong cuc daI co
huong cho mang vong co mot nguon cung cp (hnh 5.2). DIcm khac bIct Ia thoI
gIan Ia m vIcc cua bao vc 2 va 5 co thc chon 0.

lV. HlN TUONG KHOl NG KHNG NG THOl:
KhI ngan mach, v du o doan AB rt gn thanh gop tram A (dIcm H - hnh
5.2), hu nhu toan bo dong ngan mach dcu huong dcn dIcm ngan mach qua may
cat 1, con phn dong chay thco mach vong ngang qua may cat 6 rt bc (gn bang
0). Kct qua Ia bao vc 2 sc khong tac dong duoc vao thoI dIcm du cua ngan mach
(du rang no co thoI gIan Iam vIcc bc nht). Bao vc 1 cua duong dy AB sc tac
dong truoc cat may cat 1, Iuc y bao vc 2 moI co thc Iam vIcc.
HIcn tuong 1 trong 2 bao vc o haI pha cua mot duong dy ch co thc bat du
Iam vIcc sau khI bao vc kIa da tac dong va cat may cat cua mnh duoc goI Ia hin
Iuong khoi dng khng dng Ihoi cua cac bao vc.

24
Phn chIcu daI cua duong dy duoc bao vc ma khI ngan mach trong do sc
xay ra hIcn tuong khoI dong khong dong thoI duoc goI Ia vung khoi dng khng
dng Ihoi. KhoI dong khong dong thoI cac bao vc Ia hIcn tuong khong tot v Iam
tang thoI gIan IoaI tru hu hong o cac mang vong.
V. DONG KHOl NG CUA BAO V:
V.1. Chnh d|nh khoi dong qua d sau khi cI ngn mach ngoai:
I
KD

k k
k
I
at mm
tv
lv
.
max

Trong do: I
Ivmax
Ia dong Iam vIcc cuc daI dI qua bao vc thco huong phu hop voI
huong tac dong cua bo phn d|nh huong cong sut.
Not so bao vc dong co huong co thc khong co bo phn d|nh huong cong
sut (sc xct dcn o muc VI). KhI chon dong khoI dong cua cac bao vc do phaI Iy
I
Ivmax
khong kc dcn du cua cong sut phu taI dI ngang qua bao vc. Chnh v vy
trong mot so truong hop dc nng cao do nhay cua cac bao vc, nguoI ta vn dat bo
phn d|nh huong cong sut mac du vc mat thoI gIan dc dam bao chon Ioc bao vc
khong cn phaI co bo phn nay.
V.2. Chnh d|nh khoi dong phu Iai:
Nach dIcn ap cua bao vc duoc cung cp tu cac BU

co kha nang b| hu hong

trong qua trnh vn hanh. Tr| so va goc pha cua dIcn ap U
B
dat vao roIc khI do
thay doI va roIc d|nh huong cong sut co thc xac d|nh huong khong dung. Dc bao
vc khong tac dong nhm, dong khoI dong cua bao vc cn chon Ion hon dong phu
taI I
Iv
cua duong dy duoc bao vc khong phu thuoc vao chIcu cua no :
I
K

k
k
I
at
tv
lv

Trong mot so truong hop dong khoI dong chon thco dIcu kIcn nay co thc Ion
hon thco dIcu kIcn (a). Chang han nhu doI voI bao vc 2 cua doan gn nguon trong
mang vong (hnh 5.2), cong sut phu taI Iuon Iuon huong tu duong dy vao thanh
gop, ncu khong quan tm dcn hu hong trong mach dIcn ap co thc chon I
KD
< I
Iv
.
Dc tang do nhay cua bao vc trong nhung truong hop nhu vy doI khI cho phcp
chon I
KD
thco dong phu taI bnh thuong chu khong phaI thco dong Iam vIcc cuc
daI voI gIa thIct Ia khong hu hong mach dIcn ap vao Iuc phu taI cuc daI.
V.5. Chnh d|nh khoi dong cac pha khng hu hong:
DoI voI mot so dang hu hong, v du H
(1)

trong mang co trung tnh noI dt truc
tIcp, dong cac pha khong hu hong bao gom dong phu taI va dong hu hong. Dong
nay co thc rt Ion, roIc d|nh huong cong sut noI vao dong pha khong hu hong co
thc xac d|nh khong dung du cong sut ngan mach. V vy dong khoI dong bao vc
cn chon Ion hon gIa tr| cuc daI cua dong cac pha khong hu hong.
Dc tranh tac dong nhm nguoI ta cung co thc thuc hIcn so do tu dong khoa
bao vc khI trong mang xut hIcn dong thu tu khong. Dc chong ngan mach cham
dt nguoI ta dung bao vc co huong thu tu khong dac bIct.


25
V.4. Phi hop d nhay cua bao v cac doan k nhau:
Dc phoI hop vc do nhay gIua cac bao vc cn chon dong khoI dong cua bao
vc sau (thu n - gn nguon hon) Ion hon dong cuc daI dI qua no khI ngan mach
trong vung tac dong cua bao vc truoc (thu n-1) kcm thco dong ngan mach I
H
= I
KDn-
1
, voI I
KDn-1
Ia dong khoI dong cua bao vc thu n-1. VIcc phoI hop duoc thuc hIcn
doI voI cac bao vc tac dong thco cung mot huong.
DoI voI mang vong (hnh 5.2) khong thuc hIcn dIcu kIcn nay co thc Iam cho
bao vc tac dong khong dung khI cat hu hong khong dong thoI. Trong mang vong
co mot nguon cung cp vIcc phoI hop vc do nhay thuc tc dn dcn dIcu kIcn chon:
I
Kn
k
at
.I
Kn-1
Hc so an toan k
at
kc dcn saI so cua BI va roIc dong cung nhu kc dcn anh
huong cua dong phu taI o cac tram trung gIan.
Vl. CH CN T BAO V CO B PHN |NH HUONG CNG SUT:
KhI chon thoI gIan Iam vIcc cua bao vc dong co huong, chung ta da gIa thIct
tt ca cac bao vc dcu co bo phn d|nh huong cong sut. Tuy nhIcn trong thuc tc
chung ch cn thIct khI tnh chon Ioc khong thc dam bao duoc bang cach chon
thoI gIan Iam vIcc. Hay noI cach khac, bao vc sc khong cn phaI co bo phn d|nh
huong cong sut ncu thoI gIan Iam vIcc cua no Ion hon thoI gIan Iam vIc c cua bao
vc tt ca cac phn tu khac trong tram.
V du nhu khao sat tac dong cua cac bao vc trcn hnh 5.5 ta thy rang bao vc
6 co thc khong cn bo phn d|nh huong cong sut, v tnh chon Ioc tac dong cua
no khI ngan mach o cac phn tu khac cua tram D duoc dam bao bang thoI gIan
Iam vIcc t
6
> t
D
. Cung co thc thy rang bao vc 5 dat o du kIa cua duong dy CD
co thoI gIan t
5
< t
6
va cn phaI co bo phn d|nh huong cong sut. Hhu vy o moI
mot duong dy cua mang ch cn dat bo phn d|nh huong cong sut cho bao vc o
du co thoI gIan Iam vIcc bc hon. KhI thoI gIan Iam vIcc cua ca 2 bao vc cua mot
duong dy bang nhau th ca 2 khong cn dat bo phn d|nh huong cong sut.
Do vy trong mot so truong hop, bang cach tang thoI gIan Iam vIcc cua cac
bao vc so voI tr| so tnh toan, co thc khong cn dat bo phn d|nh huong cong sut
o phn Ion cac bao vc cua mang.
Vll. NHAY CUA BAO V :
Do nhay cua bao vc dong cuc daI co huong duoc quyct d|nh boI haI bo phn:
khoI dong dong va d|nh huong cong sut. Do nhay vc dong cua bao vc duoc tnh
toan gIong nhu doI voI bao vc dong cuc daI.
DIcu cn quan tm doI voI bao vc dong co huong Ia do nhay cua bo phn
d|nh huong cong sut. KhI xay ra H
(5)
o du duong dy duoc bao vc gn cho noI
bao vc, dIcn ap tu cac BU dua vao bao vc co gIa tr| gn bang khong. Trong truong
hop nay, bao vc va roIc d|nh huong cong sut sc khong khoI dong.
V vy do nhay cua bo phn d|nh huong cong sut duoc dac trung bang vung
chct. Vung chct Ia phn chIcu daI duong dy duoc bao vc ma khI ngan mach truc
tIcp trong do bao vc sc khong khoI dong do ap dua vao roIc d|nh huong cong
sut bc hon ap khoI dong toI thIcu U
KDBmIn
cua no.
KInh nghIcm vn hanh cho thy o mang dIcn trcn khong vung chct t xut
hIcn hon so voI o mang cap, v trong cac mang cap thuong xay ra H
(5)
hon.

26
Xct so do hnh 5.6, goI chIcu daI vung chct Ia I
x
, ap du taI cho dat bao vc
khI ngan mach 5 pha taI dIcm H (dIcm gIoI han cua vung chct) Ia:
U
d
(
=
) 3
3 .I
(3)
.Z
1
.l
x
trong do Z
1
: tong tro thu tu thun cua 1Km duong dy.

Hnh 3.6 : Ngn mach 3 pha trc tip bin gii cua vung cht

Truong hop bo phn d|nh huong dung roIc dIcn co, dc roIc co thc khoI dong
o gIoI han cua vung chct cn co :
U
R
.cos(
R
+ ) = U
KRmin
Nat khac ta co: U
U
n n
I Z l
R
d
U U
x
= =
( )
( )
. .
3
3
1
3

VoI
B
: goc gIua U
B
va I
B
: goc phu cua roIc, tuy thuoc cu truc cua roIc
n
U
: ty so bIcn doI cua BU
Hhu vy : l
n
Z
U
I
x
U KR
R
=
3
1
3
.
.cos .
min
( )


Vlll. C TlNH CUA ROlE |NH HUONG CNG SUT:
Trong tr.hop I tuong, su Iam vIcc cua roIc d|nh huong cong sut thuc hIcn
thco nguycn tac dIcn co (v du, roIc cam ung) cung nhu thco cac nguycn tac khac
(v du, roIc so sanh tr| tuyct doI cac daI Iuong dIcn) duoc xac d|nh bang bIcu thuc:
cos(
R
+ ) 0 (3.1)
Hhu vy pham vI goc
B
ma roIc co thc khoI dong duoc Ia:
90
o
(
R
+) -90
0

hay (90
o
- )
R
-(90
0
+ ) (3.2)

Hnh 3.8 : c tnh goc cua rle nh
hng cng sut trong mt phng phc
tng tr khi c nh vect ap U
Hnh 3.7 : c tnh goc cua
rle nh hng cng sut
trong mt phng phc tng tr
R

27
Dac tnh cua roIc thco bIcu thuc (5.2) duoc goI Ia dac tnh goc, co thc bIcu
dIcn trcn mat phang phuc tong tro Z
B
= U
.
B
J I
.
B
(hnh 5.7)
Goc
B
duoc tnh tu truc thuc (+) thco huong nguoc chIcu kIm dong ho.
Vccto dong I
B
duoc gIa thIct Ia co d|nh trcn truc (+), con vccto U
B
va Z
B
quay dI
mot goc
B
so voI vccto I
B
. Trong mat phang phuc, dac tnh goc thco bIcu thuc
(5.2) duoc bIcu dIcn bang duong thang dI qua goc toa do nghIcng mot goc (90
o
-
) so voI truc (+). Duong thang nay chIa mat phang phuc thanh 2 phn, phn co
gach chco (hnh 5.7) tuong ung voI cac goc
B
ma Iuc do roIc d|nh huong cong
sut co thc khoI dong duoc.
BIcu dIcn dac tnh goc trcn mat phang phuc tong tro rt tIcn IoI dc khao sat
su Iam vIcc cua roIc d|nh huong cong sut doI voI cac dang ngan mach khac nhau
trong mang dIcn. Trong mot so truong hop, nguoI ta co d|nh huong vccto ap U
B

(hnh 5.B). Pham vI tac dong duoc gIoI han boI mot duong thang con goI Ia duong
do nhay bang 0 (v cos(
B
+ ) = 0). Duong thang nay Icch so voI U
B
mot goc (90
o
-
) thco chIcu kIm dong ho. Duong do nhay cuc daI (tuong ung voI cos(
B
+ ) = 1)
thang goc voI duong do nhay bang 0 va Icch so voI U
B
mot goc nguoc chIcu kIm
dong ho, goc tuong ung voI no
B
=
Bn max
= - duoc goI Ia goc do nhay cuc daI.

lX. Nl ROlE |NH HUONG CNG SUT VAO
DONG PHA VA AP DY THEO SO 90
O
:
Bang 3.1:
STT cua roIc I
B
U
B
1
2
5
I
a
I
b
I
c
U
bc
U
ca
U
ab


Hnh 3.9 : th vect ap va dong khi ni
rle nh hng cng sut theo s 90
0







Hnh 3.10 : Ngn mach trn
ng dy

Trong so do nay (bang 5.1 va hnh 5.9), dua dcn cac du cuc roIc Ia dong
mot pha (v du doI voI roIc so 1, dong I
B
= I
a
) va ap gIua haI pha khac (tuong ung U
B

= U
bc
) chm sau dong pha do mot goc 90
0

voI gIa thIct Ia dong (I
a
) trung pha voI
ap pha cung tcn (U
a
). Oua khao sat cho thy rang, dc so do Iam vIcc dung dan cn
co goc Icch cua roIc 50
0
45
0
, do do roIc sc phan ung voI cosl
B
+ (5045
0
)).
VIcc kIcm tra hoat dong cua so do doI voI cac dang ngan mach khac nhau co thc
thuc hIcn bang cach cho v| tr cua vccto U
B
co d|nh va vccto dong I
B
xoay quanh

28
no. Duong do nhay bang 0 Iuc do Icch so voI vccto dIcn ap U
B
mot goc 90
0
- (vc
pha chm sau), con duong do nhay cuc daI vuot truoc U
B
mot goc .
IX.1. Ngn mach 5 pha di xung:
Tt ca cac roIc cua so do dcu Iam vIcc trong nhung dIcu kIcn gIong nhau. V
vy ta ch khao sat su Iam vIcc cua mot roIc (roIc so 1) co I
1B
= I
a
(5)
va U
1B
= U
bc
(5)
.
Do th| vccto ap U
bc
(5)
o cho noI roIc va vccto dong I
a
(5)
nhu trcn hnh 5.11a. Duong
do nhay bang 0 Icch voI dIcn ap U
bc
(5)
mot goc 90
0
- 45
0
= 45
0
(gIa thIct roIc co goc
= 45
o
). Goc
H
(5)
gIua I
a
(5)
va U
a
(5)
duoc xac d|nh bang tong tro thu tu thun mot
pha cua phn duong dy truoc dIcm ngan mach H va dIcn tro qua do r
qd
o cho hu
hong (hnh 5.10).
GIa tr|
H
(5)
nam trong pham vI 0
H
(5)
90
0
. Tu do th| hnh 5.11a ta thy o
cac gIa tr|
H
(5)
bt ky trong pham vI trcn, roIc sc Iam vIcc dung ncu U
bc
(5)
co gIa tr|
du dc roIc Iam vIcc. KhI goc
H
(5)
= 45
0
huong vccto dong dIcn trung voI duong do
nhay cuc daI va do do so do sc Iam vIcc o dIcu kIcn thun IoI nht. KhI chon = 0
so do co thc khong tac dong khI ngan mach o du duong dy qua dIcn tro qua do
r
qd
.





Hnh 3.11 : th vect ap va dong
ch ni rle i vi cac
dang ngn mach khac nhau
a) Ngn mach 3 pha
b) Ngn mach 2 pha B,C
c)Ngn mach pha A cham t
IX.2. Ngn mach giua 2 pha:
DIcu kIcn Iam vIcc cua cac roIc noI vao dong cac pha hu hong Ia khong
gIong nhau. V vy, chang han nhu khI ngan mach gIua haI pha B, C cn xct dcn
su Iam vIcc cua roIc so 2 co I
2B
= I
b
(2)

va U
2B
= U
ca
(2)
cung nhu cua roIc so 5 co I
5B
=

29
I
c
(2)

va U
5B
= U
ab
(2)

. Vn dc cung tro ncn phuc tap hon so voI H
(5)
do goc pha gIua
U
B
va I
B
thay doI khI d|ch chuycn dIcm ngan mach H doc thco duong dy. Trcn
hnh 5.11b Ia do th| vccto ap va dong doI voI truong hop dIcm ngan mach H nam
o khoang gIua duong dy (hnh 5.10). Cac duong do nhay bang 0 Icch voI cac ap
U
ca
(2)
,U
ab
(2)
mot goc 45
0
. V| tr vccto dong I
b
(2)
Icch voI suc dIcn dong L
bc
mot goc

H
(2)
. Goc
H
(2)
duoc xac d|nh bang tong tro tu nguon suc dIcn dong dcn cho ngan
mach kc ca r
qd
, tr| so cua no co thc thay doI trong pham vI 0
H
(2)
90
0
. Tu do
th| ta thy, tr| so cua dIcn ap U
2B
va U
5B
Iuon Iuon Ion va ca haI roIc (so 2 va 5)
dcu Iam vIcc dung dan o gIa tr|
H
(2)
bt ky.
IX.5. Ngn mach mI pha Irong mang co Irung Inh ni
dI Iruc Iip:
Ta khao sat su Iam vIcc cua roIc noI vao dong pha hu hong (roIc so 1 khI
ngan mach pha A). Duong do nhay bang 0 Icch 45
0
so voI vccto ap gIua 2 pha
khong hu hong U
bc
(1)
(hnh 5.11c). Goc
H
(1)
gIua suc dIcn dong L
a
va dong I
a
(1)
co
thc thay doI trong pham vI 0
H
(1)
90
0
. Oua do th| ta thy, roIc noI vao dong pha
hu hong Iuon Iuon Iam vIcc dung.
Tu nhung phn tch trcn co thc rut ra kct Iun nhu sau doI voI so do 90
0
:
1) So do co thc xac d|nh dung huong cong sut ngan mach trong cac pha b|
hu hong doI voI tt ca cac dang hu hong co ban. Dc duoc nhu vy roIc d|nh huong
cong sut cn phaI co goc Icch 45
0
.
2) Vung chct ch co thc xay ra khI ngan mach 5 pha gn cho noI bao vc (U
B

gn bang khong).
5) KhI H
(2)
va H
(1)
, cac roIc noI vao dong pha khong hu hong co thc Iam vIcc
khong dung do tac dung cua dong phu taI va dong hu hong trong cac pha nay. V
vy cn phaI Iam thc nao dc so do vn Iam vIcc dung du cho co mot vaI roIc tac
dong nhm do dong cac pha khong hu hong.
Cung co mot so so do khac dc noI ro Ic d|nh huong cong sut nhu so do 50
0

(v du, I
B
= I
a
va U
B
= U
ab
), hoac so do 60
0
(v du, I
B
= I
a
va U
B
= -U
b
). Tuy nhIcn cac so
do nay co mot so nhuoc dIcm so voI so do 90
0
, do vy so do 90
0
duoc su dung
rong raI hon.

X. BAO V DONG CT NHANH CO HUONG:
Bao vc dong cat nhanh co huong
Ia bao vc co huong khong thoI gIan
ma tnh chon Ioc tac dong dat duoc
bang cach chon dong khoI dong I
KD

Ion hon gIa tr| cuc daI cua dong ngan
mach ngoaI I
Hngmax
dI thco huong tac
dong cua bo phn d|nh huong cong
sut ncu nhu dIcu kIcn chnh d|nh
thco dong dIcn khI dao dong (doI voI
bao vc cat nhanh noI vao dong pha
toan phn) khong phaI Ia dIcu kIcn
tnh toan .


Hnh 3.21 : th tnh toan
bao v dong ct nhanh co hng

30
Trcn hnh 5.21 Ia do th| bIcu dIcn su thay doI cua gIa tr| dong dIcn trcn
duong dy AB co 2 nguon cung cp khI d|ch chuycn dIcm ngan mach doc thco
duong dy. Dong khoI dong cua bao vc cat nhanh khong co huong doI voI duong
dy nay duoc chon Ion hon gIa tr| Ion nht cua cac dong ngan mach ngoaI, doI voI
truong hop nhu trcn hnh 5.21 th I
KD
=k
at
.I
HngmaxA
. Hhu vy noI bao vc cat nhanh vc
pha tram B Ia khong co y nghia v I
KD
Iuon Iuon Ion hon dong ngan mach dI qua
bao vc dat pha tram B.
Hcu ta dua thcm bo phn d|nh huong cong sut vao bao vc cat nhanh o tram
B, th co thc chon dong khoI dong cua no khong kc dcn dong I
HngmaxA
. Dong khoI
dong cua bao vc B sc nho hon so voI truong hop dung bao vc cat nhanh khong
huong ncu trcn va bang I
KD B
= k
at
.I
HngmaxB
. Trong truong hop nay bao vc cat nhanh
vc pha tram B sc co thc bao vc duoc phn Ion duong dy AB.
Xl. ANH GlA VA PHAM Vl UNG DUNG CUA BAO V DONG CO HUONG:
XI.1. Tnh chon loc:
Tnh chon Ioc tac dong cua bao vc dat duoc nho chon thoI gIan Iam vIcc
thco nguycn tac bc thang nguoc chIcu nhau va dung cac bo phn d|nh huong
cong sut.
Tnh chon Ioc duoc dam bao trong cac mang vong co mot nguon cung cp
khI khong co nhung duong chco khong qua nguon (hnh 5.22a,b) va trong cac
mang hnh tIa co so nguon cung cp tuy y (hnh 5.22c).





Hnh 3.22 : Cac s mang ma
Bao v dong co hng am bao
ct chon loc khi ngn mach
Trong cac mang vong co so nguon cung cp Ion hon mot (hnh 5.25a), tnh
chon Ioc khong thc dam bao v khong thc chon thoI gIan Iam vIcc thco nguycn tac
bc thang. Bao vc cung khong dam bao chon Ioc trong cac mang vong co mot
nguon cung cp co duong chco khong dI qua nguon (hnh 5.25b), truong hop nay
phn mang gIoI han boI duong chco co thc xcm nhu co haI nguon cung cp.

31
XI.2. Tac dng nhanh:
GIong nhu bao vc dong cuc daI (chuong 2), trong da so truong hop bao vc co
thoI gIan Iam vIcc Ion.

Hnh 3.23 : Cac s mang ma Bao v dong co hng
khng am bao ct chon loc khi ngn mach

XI.5. D nhay:
Do nhay cua bao vc b| gIoI han boI dong khoI dong cua bo phn khoI dong.
Trong cac mang ho co 2 hay nhIcu nguon cung cp, o mot so chc do v du nhu
sau khI cat mot trong cac nguon cung cp co cong sut Ion va cuong buc kch tu
may phat cua cac nguon con IaI th dong phu taI cuc daI co thc dat toI gIa tr| Ion.
Dong khoI dong duoc chnh d|nh khoI dong phu taI nay thuong Iam cho bao vc
hoan toan khong du do nhay. Dc tang do nhay doI khI nguoI ta dung nhung bo
phn khoI dong IIcn hop dong va ap.
Tu nhung nh