32

Chng 4: BAO V CHNG CHAM T

I. BAO V DONG TH T KHNG TRONG MANG CO DONG CHAM T LN:
Bao vc dong thu tu khong duoc thuc hIcn nho mot roIc BI noI vao bo Ioc
dong thu tu khong LI
o
.




Hnh 4.1 : S ni rle vao
b loc dong th t khng gm 3BI

Hnh 4.2 : Kt hp s b loc - rle
dong th t khng vi s sao khuyt
I.1. Dong qua role:
KhI chIcu cua cac dong dIcn da chp nhn nhu trong so do hnh 4.1 va 4.2,
dong dIcn qua roIc BI bang:
I I I I R a b
. . .
= + + c
.

Dong thu cua BI tuong ung voI so do thay thc (hnh 2.15) Ia:
I I I I I T S
S
T
S
.
'
.
'
.
. .
( ) = =

V du: I I I a
S
T
A
A
. .
( ) =
.

V vy: I I I I I I I R
S
T
A B C
S
T
A B C
. . . . . . .
( ) ( = + + + +

Tong dong tu hoa cua 5 may bIcn dong quy doI vc pha thu cp cua chung
duoc goI Ia dong khng cn bng Ihu cp cua bo Ioc:
I I I KCBT
S
T
A B C
. . .
( = + + I
.
)

(4.1)
Tong: I I I I n A B C
T
S
I
. . . .
+ + = = 3 0 ;

Vy: I
I
n
I R
I
KCBT
.
.
.
=
3 0
(4.2)
Hhu vy bao vc ch tac dong doI voI cac dang ngan mach co tao ncn dong I
o

(ngan mach cham dt).
DoI voI cac bo Ioc dung BI I tuong co I = 0 th I
KCBT
= 0. Tuy nhIcn thuc tc
cac BI Iuon Iuon co dong tu hoa va dong tu hoa o cac pha Ia khac nhau mac du
dong so cua cac pha co tr| so bang nhau, v vy I
KCBT
0.

33
I.2. Dong khoi dng cua bao v:
Trong tnh trang Iam vIcc bnh thuong hoac khI ngan mach gIua cac pha
(khong cham dt) th dong thu tu khong I
0
= 0. Do vy dc bao vc khong tac dong
khI ngan mach gIua cac pha ngoaI vung bao vc cn chon:
I
K
= k
at
. I
KCBStt
(4.4)
Dong I
KCBStt
duoc tnh toan doI voI truong hop ngan mach ngoaI khong cham
dt va cho dong Ion nht.
Dong thoI dc phoI hop do nhay gIua cac bao vc thu tu khong th dong khoI
dong cua bao vc doan sau (gn nguon hon) phaI chon Ion hon bao vc doan truoc
mot t.
Dong khoI dong cua bao vc thu tu khong thuong bc hon nhIcu so voI dong
Iam vIcc cuc daI cua duong dy ncn do nhay kha cao.
I.5. Thoi gian lam vic:
Bao vc dong thu tu khong co dc Inh Ihoi gian dc lp, duoc chon thco
nguyn Ic bc Ihang. Xct v du doI voI mang ho co mot nguon cung cp va co
trung tnh duoc noI dt ch mot dIcm o du nguon (hnh 4.5).
Bao vc 2a o cac tram B, C co thc duoc chnh d|nh khong thoI gIan (thuc tc t
2a

0,1 gIy) va thoI gIan tac dong cua cac bao vc duong dy Ia:
t
3a
= t
2a
+ t ; t
4a
= t
3a
+ t
Trcn do th| hnh 4.5 cung vc dac tnh thoI gIan cua cac bao vc 1 4 Iam
nhIcm vu chong ngan mach nhIcu pha trong mang.
Tu hnh 4.5 va nhung dIcu da trnh bay trcn dy ta co thc thy duoc uu dIcm
chnh cua bao vc dong thu tu khong so voI bao vc noI vao dong pha toan phn Ia
thoI gIan Iam vIcc bc va do nhay cao.


Hnh 4.3 : c tnh thi gian cua bao v dong TTK va cua bao v
ni vao dong pha trong mang co trung tnh ni t trc tip


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II. BAO V DONG TH T KHNG TRONG MANG CO DONG CHAM T BE:
Trong cac mang co dong dIcn cham dt bc (trung tnh khong noI dt hoac
noI dt qua cuon dp ho quang) gIa tr| dong dIcn cham dt mot pha thuong khong
qua vaI chuc Ampcrc. V du nhu o mang cap, dc cham dt mot pha khong chuycn
thanh ngan mach nhIcu pha th cham dt Ion nht cho phcp vao khoang 2050A.
Hhung bao vc dung roIc noI vao dong dIcn pha toan phn khong thc Iam vIcc voI
dong dIcn so cp bc nhu vy, v thc nguoI ta dung cac bao vc noI qua bo Ioc dong
dIcn thu tu khong.
Bao vc duoc dat o du duong dy AB vc pha tram A trong mang co trung
tnh cach dt (hnh 4.15).
II.1. Dong khoi dng:
Dong khoI dong cua bao vc duoc xac d|nh thco dIcu kIcn chon Ioc: Bao v
khng duoc Iac dng khi cham dI ngoai huong duoc bao v .

Hnh 4.15 : Cham t 1 pha trong mang co trung tnh cach t

V du khI pha C cua duong dy AC b| cham dt taI dIcm H (hnh 4.14), qua
bao vc dat trcn duong dy AB co dong 5I
0CD
do dIcn dung C
OD
gIua pha cua duong
dy duoc bao vc doI voI dt. Do th| dong dIcn dung trong cac pha cua duong dy
AB va thanh phn thu tu khong cua chung nhu trcn hnh 4.16. Dc bao vc khong
tac dong cn chon:
I
K
k
at
. 3I
oCD
(4.7)
k
at
: hc so an toan, co kc dcn anh huong cua dong dung qua do vao thoI dIcm du
cham dt (co thc Ion hon gIa tr| on d|nh rt nhIcu). DoI voI bao vc tac dong khong
thoI gIan cn phaI chon k
at
= 4 5, bao vc tac dong co thoI gIan co thc chon k
at
bc
hon.
Tuy nhIcn cham dt thuong Iap dI Iap IaI va roIc phaI ch|u tac dong cua
nhung xung dong dIcn IIcn tIcp, cho ncn du bao vc tac dong co thoI gIan cung
khong thc chon k
at
thp hon 2 2,5.

II.2. Thoi gian lam vic:
KhI bao vc tac dong bao tn hIcu th khong cn chon thoI gIan Iam vIcc thco
dIcu kIcn chon Ioc, bao vc thuong Iam vIcc khong thoI gIan. Co mot so bao vc
thco dIcu kIcn an toan cn phaI tac dong khong co thoI gIan dI cat cham dt, con
IaI noI chung bao vc tac dong dI cat voI thoI gIan duoc chon thco nguycn tac bc
thang.


35
II.5. D nhay:
KhI cham dt trong vung bao vc, v du taI dIcm H trcn pha C cua duong dy
AB (hnh 4.15), dc bao vc co thc tac dong cn phaI thuc hIcn dIcu kIcn:
I
BV
I
K
Trong do : I
BV
- Ia dong dIcn dI qua bao vc.
Dong qua bao vc I
BV
sInh ra Ia do dIcn dung cac pha cua phn khong hu
hong trong hc thong (do chnh Ia dIcn dung dang tr| C
0dt
):
I
BV
= 3I
0Ct
= 3C
0t
.U
p
DIcn dung tong C
o
cua cac pha trong toan hc thong doI voI dt Ia:
C
o

= C
0t
+ C
0D
do vy: I
BV
= 3(C
o

- C
0D
).U
p
(4.8)
V| tr dIcm cham dt H trcn duong dy duoc bao vc khong anh huong dcn tr|
so dong I
BV
, v tro khang va cam khang cua duong dy rt nho so voI dung khang.
Do nhay cua bao vc duoc dac trung bang hc so do nhay:
K
I
I
C C U
I
n
BV
K
D p
K
= =
3
0 0
( )

KhI cham dt qua dIcn tro trung gIan cn phaI co K
n
1,25 1.5.


Hnh 4.19 : B tr cac bao v chng cham t

Dc nhanh chong phat hIcn phn tu b| cham dt ncn dat bao vc bao tn hIcu
o tt ca cac du duong dy (hnh 4.19). KhI xut hIcn cham dt (v du o dIcm H)
bang cach kIcm tra dn tn hIcu cua cac bao vc tu du nguon A dcn tram C co thc
xac d|nh duoc doan duong dy b| cham dt.