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Vit li cu l phn kh nht trong cc phn trong thi Ting Anh. Vit li cu dng thng kh th dng o ng cng kh hn. Tuy nhin n s n gin hn nu bn bit c cu trc, ngha, v qui tc chuyn i ca cc t trong cu. C mt loi t c bit m cc bn hay thng gp trong vic vit li cu, l trng t (cn gi l ph t). Trong mt s trng hp cc ph t khng ng v tr bnh thng ca n m o ln ng u cu (khng c du phy i km) nhm nhn mnh vo hnh ng ca ch ng, ta gi n l cu o ng. Trong trng hp ng php s thay i, ng sau ph t ng u cu l tr ng t ri mi n ch ng v ng t chnh: Ex:

Little did I know that he was a compulsive liar. (Ti khng bit rng hn l k ni di nh cui) At no time (= never) did I say I would accept late homework. (Ti khng chp nhn ai np bi tr)

1. Cu o ng c cha trng t ph nh: Nhn chung, cu o ng thng c dng nhn mnh tnh c bit ca mt s kin no v thng c m u bng mt ph nh t. a. Nhm 1: never (khng bao gi), rarely (him khi), seldom (him khi)... Cu o ng cha nhng trng t ph nh ny thng c dng vi ng t dng hon thnh hay ng t khim khuyt v c th cha dng so snh hn. Structure: Never/rarely/seldom + has/have/had + S + p.p Ex:

Never have I been more insulted! (Cha bao gi ti b lng m hn th). Never in her life had she experienced this exhilarating emotion. (C ta cha bao gi tri nghim cm xc dng tro nh th ny trong i) Seldom has he seen anything stranger. (Him khi anh y nhn thy mt ci g k l hn th) Seldom have I seen him looking so miserable. (Him khi ti bt gp anh ta au kh th ny)

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b. Nhm 2: hardly (hu nh khng), barely (ch va , va vn), no sooner (va mi), or scarcely (ch mi, va vn). Cu o ng cha trng ng ny thng c dng din t mt chui cc s kin xy ra trong qu kh, thng dng qu kh hon thnh (Past Perfect). Structure:

Hardly/barely/scarcely + had + S1 + p.p... + when + S2 + V2 No sooner + had + S1 + P.P... + than + S2 + V2

Ex:

Scarcely had I got out of bed when the doorbell rang. (Him khi chung ca reo m ti thc dy). No sooner had he finished dinner than she walked in the door. (Khi anh y va mi n ti xong th ch ta bc vo ca).

2. Cu o ng c ch Only: only after, only when, only then Dng ny, ng t i km thng l tr ng t (auxiliaries) hoc ng t khim khuyt (modal verbs). Mt s ng t khim khuyt ph bin nh: shall, will, can, would, could, may, might, should, must, ought to. Structure:

Only after/only when/only then/only if + auxiliary + S + V: ch ti khi Only by + noun/V-ing + auxiliary/ modal verbs + S + V(bare).: ch bng cch lm g

Ex:

Only then did I understand the problem. (Ch sau lc ti mi hiu ra c vn ). Only by hard work will we be able to accomplish this great task. (Ch c lm vic chm ch th chng ta mi hon tt cng vic mt cch tt p c.) Only by studying hard can you pass this exam. (Ch c chm hc th bn mi thi u c.)

Ch : nu trong cu c hai mnh , chng ta dng o ng mnh th hai:

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Only when you grow up, can you understand it. (Ch khi bn ln ln, bn mi hiu c vn ) Only if you tell me the truth, can I forgive you. (Ch khi bn ni s tht, ti mi tha th cho bn.) Only after the film started did I realize that I'd seen it before. (Ch sau khi b phim khi chiu, ti mi pht hin l ti xem trc ri.)

3. Cu o ng vi nhm t: So, Such Dng ny kh n gin, ch cn o ng t tobe ra trc ch ng l xong. Structure:

So + adj + to be + N that Such + to be + (a/an) + (adj) + N that

Ex:

So strange was the situation that I couldn't sleep. (Tnh hung ny k l khin ti khng th ng c). So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare (Bi kim tra kh ti mc m cc sinh vin cn 3 thng chun b). Such is the moment that all greats traverse. (Tht l thi khc tr ngi ln lao). Such is the stuff of dreams. (Tht l mt gic m v ngha).

4. Cu o ng vi Not only.but also..: khng nhng.m cn.. Structure: Not only + auxiliary + S +V + but also + S + V Ex: Not only does he study well, but also he sings well. (Hn khng nhng hc gii m cn ht hay na.) 5. Cu o ng vi mt s cu trc c bit dng 1:

In/ Under no circumstances: D trong bt c hon cnh no cng khng. Ex: Under no circumstances should you lend him the money. (Cho d th no i chng na cng khng nn cho hn mn tin.) On no account: D bt c l do g cng khng Ex: On no account must this switch be touched. (D l do g i na cng khng c ng vo cng tc in.)
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Only in this way: Ch bng cch ny Ex: Only in this way could the problem be solved. ( Vn ch c th c gii quyt bng cch ny m thi.) In no way: Khng th Ex: In no way could I agree with you. (Ti khng th no ng vi bn c) By no means: Hon ton khng Ex: By no means does he intend to criticize your idea. (Hn hon ton khng c nh ch trch kin ti) S + Negative verb..., nor + auxiliary + S + V: khng...cng khng Ex: He had no money, nor did he know anybody from whom he could borrow. (Hn khng c xu no v hn cng chng bit mn ai c.)

6. Cu o ng vi mt s cu trc c bit dng 2: a. Khi mt mnh m u bng cc thnh ng ch ni chn hoc trt t th ng t chnh c th o ln ch ng nhng tuyt i khng c s dng tr ng t trong trng hp ny.

Structure: Clause of place/ order + main verb + S (no auxiliary) Ex: In front of the museum is a statue. Ex: First came the ambulance, then came the police. (Xe cu thng n trc, tip theo l xe cnh st.)

b. Khi mt ng gii t lm ph t ch a im hoc phng hng ng u cu, cc ni ng t t ln trc ch ng nhng tuyt i khng c s dng tr ng t trong loi cu ny. N rt ph bin trong vn m t khi mun din t mt ch ng khng xc nh. Structure: Prepositional Phrases + main verb + S (No auxiliary) Ex:

Under the tree was lying one of the biggest men I had ever seen. (Nm di gc cy l g mp m ti cha bao gi thy) Directly in front of them stood a great castle. (Sng sng ngay trc mt h l ci mt ta lu i) On the grass sat an enormous frog. (Mt con ch ang ngi trn bi c) Along the road came a strange procession. (Dc con ng l mt cuc duyt binh.)

c. Tn ng mang tnh nhn mnh cng c th o ln u cu: Trng hp ny c th dng tr ng t.

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Structure: Object + auxiliary + S + V Ex: Not a single word did he say. (Hn khng ni ly mt t)

d. Cc ph t away ( = off ), down, in, off, out, over, round, up... c th theo sau l mt ng t chuyn ng v sau l mt danh t lm ch ng

Structure: Away/down/in/off/out/over/round/up...+ motion verb + noun/noun phrase as a subject. Ex: Away went the runners. (Nhng vn ng vin chy mt ht) Ex: Down fell a dozen of apples. (Mt t qu to ri xung t.)

*Lu : Nu mt i t nhn xng (personal pronouns) lm ch ng th ng t phi sau ch ng:

Structure: Away/down/in/off/out/over/round/up...+ personal pronoun + motion verb Away they went. (H i mt) Round and round it flew. (My bay bay vng vng)

e: Trong ting Anh vit (written English) cc ng gii t m u bng cc gii t down, from, in, on, over, out of, round, up... c th c theo sau ngay bi ng t ch v tr (crouch, hang, lie, sit, stand...) hoc cc dng ng t ch chuyn ng, cc ng t nh be born/ die/ live v mt s dng ng t khc.

Structure: Prepositions + Place words + V(crouch, lie, sit, stand, die...) + S From the rafters hung strings of onions. (Nhng b hnh c treo khp nh) In the doorway stood a man with a gun. (ng ngay trc li ra vo l mt g n ng vi mt khu sng trn tay) On a perch beside him sat a blue parrot. (Trn ci so cnh hn l mt con vt mu xanh ang ngi) Over the wall came a shower of stones. ( Nhn bc tng trong phng tm c lp bng .)

*Ch : cc v d trn c th din t bng mt V-ing m u cho cu v ng t to be o ln trn ch ng:

Structure: V-ing + prepositions + place words + V + S Hanging from the rafters were strings of onion. Standing in the doorway was a man with a gun. Sitting on a perch beside him was a blue parrot.
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Should you have any further confidential concerns and questions, or you would like to share your threads and experience as well to our page's readers, don't hesitate to reach me at tuankiet153@gmail.com. Many Thanks!

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