2 Basic Properties of Circles Review

2 Basic Properties of Circles

Review Exercise 2 (p. 2.7)
1. (a)
x +90 +130 +65 = 360 x = 75
(s at a pt.)
(b) CBP = 60 y = CBP = 60 2. (a)
CE 2 + 5.5 = CB 3 7.5 = 3 5 = 2
(corr. s, PQ // RS )
( vert. opp. s)
PQR +125 =180 PQR = 55 line)

x + PQR = PRB x +55 =140 x =85
(adj. s on st.
(ext. of )
(b)
a +40 +90 =180 ( sum of ) a = 50
b = a +34 = 50 + 34 = 84
(ext. of )
3.
Yes, EF is parallel to GH. RSQ = 110 (corr. s, AB // CD) PQS + RSQ = 70 +110 =180 EF // GH (int. s supp.) BCD = 65
4.
BCD + BDC + 50 = 180

BDC =180 50 65 = 65
alt. s, AB // CD sum of
5.
BCD = BDC = 65 BD = BC BCD is an isosceles triangle.
sides opp. equal s
PQR is an equilateral triangle. PRQ = 60 PR is the median of QS in PQS. RS = QR = PR RPS = RSP (base s, isos. ) RPS + RSP = PRQ (ext. of ) 2 RPS = 60 RPS = 30 (a) In ACE and DCB,
6.
AC 2 +3 = DC 2 5 = 2
27
NSS Mathematics in Action 5A Full Solutions
AC CE = DC CB
common angle ratio of 2 sides, inc. proved in (a)
(ii)
ABC ~ ACD
ACE = DCB ACE ~ DCB (b) ACE ~ DCB
AE AC = DB DC AE 5 cm = 2.5 cm 2 cm AE = 6.25 cm
AB AC = AC AD 17 cm 8 cm = 8 cm AD 64 AD = cm 17
(corr. sides, ~ s)
corr. sides, ~ s
BD = AB AD 64 = 17 cm 17 =13.2 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

9. (a) In ADE and CDE,
7.
(a) In ABC, C = 90
(Pyth. theorem)
AC 2 +BC 2 = AB 2
DEA = DEC = 90 AD = CD DE = DE ADE CDE
given given common side RHS
AC = 12.52 7.52 cm =10 cm
(b) In CAD,
(b) Yes, ABD and AED are congruent.

2 2 2 2
AC + AD = (10 + 24 ) cm
2
= 676 cm 2
CD 2 = 26 2 cm 2
AC + AD = CD CAD is a right angle. (converse of Pyth. theorem)
2 2 2
ACB + BAC + 90 = 180 ACB + 60 + 90 = 180 ACB = 30

ADE CDE
( sum of )
= 676 cm 2
(proved in (a))
(c) Area of quadrilateral ABCD = area of ABC + area of CAD
In ABD and AED,
EAD = ECD (corr. s, s) = 30 BAD = 60 30 = 30
1 1 = 7.5 10 + 24 10 cm 2 2 2 2 = (37.5 +120) cm =157.5 cm 2

8. (a) In ABC and ACD,
ABD = AED = 90 BAD = EAD = 30 AD = AD ABD AED
given proved common side AAS
given BCA = CDA = 90 common angle CAB = DAC ABC =180 BCA CAB
Activity
Activity 2.1 (p. 2.22) 2. (b)
sum of proved (b) (i)
=180 CDA DAC = ACD

ABC ~ ACD In ABC, ACB = 90
AB 2 = AC 2 + BC 2
AOB =2 APB
sum of AAA 3.
(c) No matter where points B and P are, AOB = 2APB.
AB = 82 +152 cm =17 cm
(Pyth. theorem)
Reflex AOB =2 AQB (c) No matter where points B and Q are, reflex AOB = 2AQB.
(b)
Activity 2.2 (p. 2.28) 1. (a) AOB (i.e. c) is the angle at the centre subtended by arc AB. (b) APB and AQB are the angles at the circumference in the same segment. They are both subtended by arc AB.
28
2 Basic Properties of Circles 2. (a) APB = (b) AQB =
c ce 2 ( at centre twice at ) c ce 2 ( at centre twice at )
3.
APB = AQB (c) Yes
Activity 2.3 (p. 2.34) 1. (a) Yes (b) Yes 2. Yes
Activity 2.4 (p. 2.46) 1. (b) A + C = 180 , B + D = 180 2. 3. P + R = 180 , Q + S = 180 The sum of the opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180.
Activity 2.5 (p. 2. 53) 1. (a) Yes (b) Yes
2. 3. Yes
Classwork
Classwork (p. 2.11) 1. Element AB
region BEC region OBFC region AFCEB region OBEC 2.
AFB
AB
Term minor arc major arc chord major sector major segment minor segment minor sector
(a) The two circles with the same centre are concentric circles . (b) The circle is the circumcircle of ABC. (c) The circle is the inscribed circle of PQR.
29
NSS Mathematics in Action 5A Full Solutions Classwork (p. 2.24) x =2 APB (a) =2 30 ( at centre twice at ce) =60
(b)
1 x= AOB 2 1 = 100 2 = 50
(a)
( at centre twice at )
ce
x BC = AOB AB 2 x = (80 ) 5 x = 32
y cm DOC = AOB AB 48 y = 5 80 =3 x cm DOC = AOB AB 50 x = 6 30 = 10
(arcs prop. to s at centre)
AOB = 360 140 (s at a pt.) (c) Reflex = 220
x=
1 reflex AOB 2 1 = 220 2 =110
( at centre twice at
)
ce
Classwork (p. 2.25) 1. (a) x =90 ( in semi-circle) (b) APB = 90 ( in semi-circle) APB +40 + x =180 ( sum of ) 90 +40 + x =180 x = 50 2. OA = OP (radii)
(b)
OAP = OPA (base s, isos. ) OPA = 55 APB = 55 + 35 = 90

The line segment joining A and B is a diameter of the circle. (converse of in semi-circle)
on st. line)
BOC =180 AOB DOC (adj. s =180 30 50 =100
y cm
= AOB AB
BOC
Classwork (p. 2.36) (a) DOC = AOB = 43 (given)
(b) (c)
CD = AB
CD = AB
x =5
DC = AB x=4
(equal s, equal arcs)
100 y = 6 30 = 20
x cm CED = BEC BC 30 x = 10 40 = 7.5
(given) (equal arcs, equal chords)
(c)
(arcs prop. to s at )
ce
AB = DC
x =65
(given) (equal chords, equal s)
Classwork (p. 2.39)
y AB = BEC BC 6 y = (40 ) 10 y = 24
ce
30
(d)
x =180 DBC ACB ( sum of ) =1804836 x =96
ACB AB = DBC CD 3 ACB = (48 ) 4 = 36

DAB + BCD =180 93+x =180 (opp. s, cyclic quad.) x =87
(b) (arcs prop. to s at )

ce
ABC = CDE y =113
(ext. , cyclic quad.) (ext. of ) (ext. , cyclic quad.)
(c)
y = 46+32 = 78
x=y = 78
Classwork (p. 2.55) 1. (a)
BAD + BCD =100 + 70 =170 180
Classwork (p. 2.47) DAB + BCD =180 (a) x +60 =180 (opp. s, cyclic quad.) x =120
ABC + CDA =180 y +80 =180 (opp. s, cyclic quad.) y =100
ABC + FBC =180 (b) (adj. s on st. ABC +100 =180

line) (c)
A, B, C and D are not concyclic.
ABC =80
ABC ADE
A, B, C and D are not concyclic.
ABD + 40 +120 = 180 ( sum of ) ABD = 20
ABC + ADC = (20 + 50) + (40 + 70) = 180

2. (a) A, B, C and D are concyclic. (opp. s supp.) PSQ =PRQ = 50 PQRS is a cyclic quadrilateral. given
converse of s in the same segment PQR + RSP =180 (opp. s, cyclic x +(50+70 ) =180 x =60 quad.) (b)
QRK = QPS = 90 PQRS is a cyclic quadrilateral. ext. = int. opp. PRQ + PRS + QRK =180 (adj. PRQ +40 +90 =180
QPS = 30 + 60 = 90
PRQ = 50
s on st. line)
PSQ = PRQ (s in the same segment) x =50
Quick Practice
Quick Practice 2.1 (p. 2.13)
31
NSS Mathematics in Action 5A Full Solutions M and N are the mid-points of PQ and RQ respectively. OM PQ and ON RQ (line joining centre to mid-pt. of chord chord)
Join OQ. OQ = 13 cm (radius)
ON = OM RQ = PQ = 6 cm
PQ = PM + MQ = (3 + 3) cm = 6 cm
(given) (chords equidistant from centre are equal)
In OQN, ON 2 + NQ2 = OQ2 (Pyth. theorem) NQ = OQ 2 ON 2 = 132 52 cm =12 cm ON PQ (given) PN = NQ (line from centre chord bisects chord) PQ = PN + NQ
RN =
1 RQ 2 1 = 6 cm 2 = 3 cm
= 2 NQ = 2(12) cm = 24 cm
Quick Practice 2.2 (p. 2.14) PN = QN (given) ON PQ (line joining centre to mid-pt. of chord chord) ONP = 90 In OPN, ON = PN OPN = PON (base s, isos. ) OPN + PON + ONP =180 ( sum of ) 2 OPN +90 =180 OPN = 45 Quick Practice 2.3 (p. 2.14) PN = NR (given) ON PR (line joining centre to mid-pt. of chord chord) OPN is a right-angled triangle.
Quick Practice 2.5 (p. 2.17) (a) AB = CD, OM AB and ON CD OM = ON
given
equal chords, equidistant from centre MPN = APC = 90 vert. opp. s MON = 90 sum of polygon All four interior angles are equal to 90 and two adjacent sides are equal. ONPM is a square. ONPM is a square. (proved in (a)) PM = OM = 4 cm OM AB (given) AM = MB (lines from centre chord bisects chord) AP + PM = PB PM AP +4 cm = (11 4) cm AP = 3 cm
(b)
reflex AOC = 360 118 = 242

2 x =reflex AOC x =121
( s at a pt.)
2 x =242
)
ce
2 y = AOC
Let r cm be the radius of the circle. OP = r cm and ON = (r 1) cm In OPN,
2 y =118 y = 59
ce
Quick Practice 2.7 (p. 2.27) CAD = 90 ( in semi-circle) AB = AD (given) ABD = ADB = y (base s, isos. ) In ABD, ABD + ADB + BAD =180 y + y +(90 +40 ) =180 ( sum of )
OP 2 = ON 2 + PN 2 r 2 = ( r 1) 2 + 52 r 2 = r 2 2r + 1 + 25 2r = 26 r = 13
The radius of the circle is 13 cm. ON =(13 1) cm =12 cm (Pyth. theorem)
2 y = 50 y = 25
In ACD,
32

CAD + ACD + ADC =180 90+x +25 =180 x =65
( sum of )
AOB + BOC + COD + DOE + EOF + FOG + GOH + AOH = 360 (s at a pt.) 7 x + AOH = 360 7(40) + AOH = 360 AOH = 80
Quick Practice 2.8 (p. 2.27) DOC = 2DBC ODB = DBC In ODP,
at centre twice at ce alt. s, OD // BC
ODP + DOP = 90 DBC +2 DBC = 90 ext. of 3 DBC = 90
DBC = 30 ABC = 60 + DBC
= 60 +30 = 90
AC is a diameter of the circle.
converse of in semicircle
BAC = BDC = 32 BCD = 90
(s in the same segment) ( in semi-circle)
In ABC,
BCA =180 120 32 ( sum of ) = 28
ACD =9028 =62
Quick Practice 2.10 (p. 2.30) DEB = DAB (s in the same segment) AEB = 90 ( in semi-circle) In ACE, ECA + CAE + AEC =180
=x
24 +( x +50) +(90 + x) =180 ( sum of 2 x +164 =180 2 x =16 x = 8

) Quick Practice 2.11 (p. 2.37)
Join OB, OC, OE, OF and OG. Let AOB = x. AB = BC = CD = DE = EF = FG = GH (given) AOB = BOC = COD = DOE = EOF = FOG = GOH = x (equal chords, equal s)
AOB + BOC + COD =120 3 x =120 x = 40
33
NSS Mathematics in Action 5A Full Solutions Quick Practice 2.12 (p. 2.37) OP = OQ = OR, OP AB, OQ BC and OR AC AB = BC = AC ABC + ADC =180 given chords equidistant from centre are equal equal chords, ( x + 22 ) +( x +90 ) =180 2 x +112 =180 2 x = 68 x = 34 (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
AB = BC = AC
equal arcs Quick Practice 2.13 (p.2.40) Let COD = x. BC = CD (given) BOC =COD = x (equal chords, equal s)
AOD AD = BOC BC
AOD =
10 x 7 AOB + BOC + COD + DOA = 360 10 132 + x + x + x = 360 7 24 x = 228 7 x = 66.5

(s at a pt.) Quick Practice 2.14 (p.2.41)
ACB AB = DBC CD 3 ACB = x 2

In BCK,
ce
BCK + CBK 3 x +x 2 5 x 2 x
= AKB = 75 = 75 = 30
(ext. of )
Quick Practice 2.15 (p.2.48) Join DC.
AD = AB
(given) (base s, isos. ) ( in semi-circle)

34
BDC = 90
ADB = ABD =x
2 Basic Properties of Circles Quick Practice 2.16 (p. 2.48) FAD = x (ext. , cyclic quad.) In FAD,
Further Practice
( sum of ) Further Practice (p. 2.15) 1. (a) CN = ND ON CD (given) (line joining centre to mid-pt. of chord chord)
ADF + DFA + FAD = 180 ADF + 43 + x = 180 ADF = 137 x EDC = ADF (vert. opp. s) = 137 x
35 +(137 x ) = x 2 x =172 x = 86
In DCE, CED + EDC = BCD
(ext. of )
ONC = 90 In OND, NOD = ONC ODN (ext. of ) =9035 =55 (b) In OME, OM 2 + EM 2 = OE 2
Quick Practice 2.17 (p. 2.56) (a) (b)
EM = OE 2 OM 2
(Pyth. theorem)
BAF + FEB =110 +100 = 210 180

chord) 2.
= 102 62 cm = 8 cm OM EF (given) MF = EM (line from centre chord bisects = 8 cm
A, B, E and F are not concyclic.
(c)
CDF = 90 + 20 =110 BEF =100 CDF BEF

F, E, C and D are not concyclic. ADB = 20 and ACB = 20 ADB = ACB A, B, C and D are concyclic. (converse of s in the same segment) int. s, AF // CD ext. , cyclic quad. opp. s supp.
CD = CM + MD = (15 + 5) cm = 20 cm
CD is the perpendicular bisector of the chord AB. CD is a diameter of the circle.
Quick Practice 2.18 (p.2.57) FAB + BCD = 180 and BEF = BCD FAB + BEF = 180 A, B, E and F are concyclic.
1 CD 2 Radius of the circle 1 = 20 cm 2 = 10 cm =

Let O be the centre of the circle.
Quick Practice 2.19 (p.2.58) (a) ABC is an equilateral triangle. ABC = 60 CDF is an equilateral triangle. DFC = 60 ABC = DFC B, C, E and F are concyclic.
OA = 10 cm OM = OD MD
prop. of equil. prop. of equil.
= (10 5) cm = 5 cm
In OAM,
OA2 =OM 2 + AM 2 AM = OA OM = 75 cm AB = AM +MB =2 AM =2 75 cm (or 10 3 cm)
2 2
(Pyth. theorem)
converse of s in the same segment
= 10 2 52 cm
(b)
B, C, E and F are concyclic. (proved in (a))
BAC = 60 (prop. of equil. ) FCE = BAC BEC (ext. of ) =6033 =27
BEC = BFC = 33
(s in the same segment)
Further Practice (p. 2.18) 1. (a) ON = OM = 4 cm, OM AB, ON CD (given) CD = AB (chords equidistant from = 7 cm centre are equal)
CN = ND 1 = 7 cm 2 = 3.5 cm
(given)
35
NSS Mathematics in Action 5A Full Solutions (b)
PB = AP = 4 cm
(given) (line joining centre to mid-pt. of chord chord) (given) (chords equidistant from centre are equal)
OP 2 = PM 2 + OM 2 OP = PM 2 + OM 2
(Pyth. theorem)
OP AB
Also, OQ = OP and OQ BC BC = AB = 8 cm
= 82 + 6 2 cm = 10 cm 10 cm Radius of the circle =
QC = BQ 1 QC = BC (line from centre chord bisects 2 1 = AB 2 = 4 cm
chord) (c) OM AB, ON CD (given) MB = AM (line from centre chord bisects chord)
AB = 2 5 cm =10 cm CD = 2 5 cm and =10 cm

AB = CD, OM AB and ON CD (equal chords, equidistant OM = ON = 2.5 cm from centre)
2. Construct OM and ON such that OM PQ and ON RS. Note that MON is a straight line, since PQ // RS.
PM = MQ 1 = PQ (line from centre chord bisects chord) 2 1 = 16 cm 2 = 8 cm

PQ = RS, OM PQ and ON RS
OM = ON 1 = 12 cm 2 = 6 cm
(equal chords, equidistant from centre)
In PMO,
36
2 Basic Properties of Circles Further Practice (p. 2.30) 1. (a) Consider ABD.
AOB + BOC + COD + DOE + EOA = 360 55 +55 + COD +55 + COD = 360 2 COD =195 COD = 97.5
sum of )
ABD + BAD + ADB = 180 ( ABD + ( 40 + 20) + 70 = 180 ABD = 50

x = ABD (s in the same segment) =50
(s at a pt.)
(b)
ABC = 90 ( in semi-circle) In ABC, BAC + ABC + BCA =180 ( 48+90+ x =180 x = 42 sum of )
BAC = BDC (s in the same segment) = 48
2. Join PR.
PRS = 90
2.
BOD = BCD = 40
(opp. s of // gram)
1 BAD = BOD 2 ( at centre twice at ) ce 1 = 40 2 = 20

3.
ADO = BAD p =20
PSR PR = SPR RS
1+ 2 3 =1 =
( in semi-circle)
ce
(alt. s, OD // AC)
ADC = 90 ( in semi-circle) In APD,
PSR = SPR PSR + SPR + PRS =180 ( sum of 2 PSR =180 90 PSR = 45
) Further Practice (p. 2.49) 1. (a)
PAD + PDA + APD = 180 ( sum of (30 + 36) + 90 + APD = 180 APD = 24
BPC =24
DEC = ABC = 81
(ext. , cyclic quad.)
CDE =180 DEC ECD ( x =1808165 =34
Further Practice (p. 2.41) sum of )
1. Join OB. AB = BC = DE AOB = BOC = DOE = 55 (b) (given) (equal chords, equal s) Join OD. OD = OA (radii) (given)
AE = CD
AOE = COD (equal arcs, equal s)
OD = OC (radii)
ODA = OAD =18 ODC = OCD = 50
(base s, isos. )
(base s, isos. )
37
ADC =18 +50 = 68
ABC + ADC =180 x +68 =180 x =112
(opp. s, cyclic
quad.) 2. BC = CD (given) (equal chords, equal arcs)
2.
BAC BC = CAD CD
BC = CD
Join OB.
OB = OC = ON + NC (radii) = (5 + 8) cm = 13 cm
(arcs prop. to s at ce)
AN = NB ON AB
(given) (line joining centre to mid-pt. of chord chord) (Pyth. theorem)
Consider ONB. NB = OB 2 ON 2 = 132 52 cm =12 cm AN = NB AB = 2 12 cm = 24 cm
of )
BAC =1 28 BAC = 28 ACB = 90 ( in semi-circle) ABC =180 BAC ACB ( sum =180 28 90 = 62
ADC + ABC =180 (opp. s, cyclic ADC +62 =180 ADC =118
quad.)
Exercise
Exercise 2A (p. 2.18) Level 1 1. ON AB (given)
BN = AN =
(line from centre chord bisects chord)
1 16 cm 2 = 8 cm
Join OB. Consider NOB. OB = BN 2 + ON 2 (Pyth. Theorem) = 8 2 + 6 2 cm = 10 cm The radius of the circle is 10 cm.
38
2 Basic Properties of Circles 3. AM = MB (line from centre chord bisects chord) ON CD CN = ND (given) (line from centre chord bisects chord) CD = 2 4 cm =8 cm
ON = OM, OM AB and ON CD
CD = AB
AB = 2 6 cm =12 cm
(given)
(chords equidistant from centre are equal)
=12 cm
4.
CN = ND ON CD
MKN =180 DKB =180 43 =137

line)
ONK = 90 AM = MB (given) OM AB (line joining centre to mid-pt. of chord chord) OMK = 90 (adj. s on st.
(given) (line joining centre to mid-pt. of chord chord)
Consider quadrilateral OMKN. MON + OMK + ONK + MKN
= ( 4 2) 180
sum of polygon) MON =3609090 137 =43 5. AM = MB OM AB
(given) (line joining centre to mid-pt. of chord chord)
MB =
1 6 cm 2 = 3 cm
(Pyth. theorem)
Consider OMB. OM = OB 2 MB 2 = 52 32 cm = 4 cm
ON = MN OM = (7 4) cm = 3 cm
Join OD. Consider OND.
OD = OB = 5 cm
2
(radii)
ND = OD 2 ON 2 = 5 3 cm = 4 cm
2
(Pyth. theorem)
39
NSS Mathematics in Action 5A Full Solutions 6. CM = MD OM CD OMC = 90 (given) (line joining centre to mid-pt. of chord chord)
OM = OB MB = (10 4) cm = 6 cm
AOC = OCM + OMC (ext. of ) = 32 +90 =122
Consider OAC. OC = OA (given) OCA = OAC (base s, isos. ) OCA + OAC + AOC =180 2 OCA +122 =180 OCA = 29 7. OM AP AM = MP (given) (line from centre chord bisects chord)
Join OD. Consider OMD.
OD = OB
(radii)
= 10 cm
MD = OD 2 OM 2
2 2
1 MP = AP 2 1 = 24 cm 2 = 12 cm
(Pyth. theorem)
= 10 6 cm = 8 cm OM CD (given) CM = MD (line from centre chord bisects chord) CD = 2 MD = 2 8 cm = 16 cm PQ is the perpendicular bisector of the chord RS. PQ is a diameter of the circle. PQ = 10 cm (given)
9.
(a)
Join OP. OP = OM 2 + MP 2
2 2
(Pyth. theorem)
= 9 +12 cm =15 cm ON BP (given) PN = NB (line from centre chord bisects chord)
1 PQ 2 radius of the circle 1 = 10 cm 2 = 5 cm =
PN =
Consider ONP.
1 BP 2 1 = 18 cm 2 = 9 cm
(Pyth. theorem)
Join OR. OR = 5 cm OT = OR TR
2 2 2 2
(radius) (Pyth. theorem)
ON = OP 2 PN 2 = 15 2 9 2 cm =12 cm
= 5 3 cm = 4 cm OP = 5 cm (radius) PT = OP + OT = (5 + 4) cm = 9 cm
TQ = PQ PT
8.
1 OB = AB 2 1 = ( AM + MB ) 2 1 = (16 + 4) cm 2 = 10 cm
(b)
= (10 9) cm =1 cm
40
2 Basic Properties of Circles 10. BM = MC = 6 cm (given) OM BC (line joining centre to mid-pt. of chord chord) Consider OMB. OM = OB 2 BM 2 = 10 2 6 2 cm = 8 cm Consider OMD. MD = OD 2 OM 2 = 17 8 cm =15 cm CD = MD MC = (15 6) cm = 9 cm
2 2
OM = OC 2 CM 2 = 17 2 152 cm = 8 cm ON AB (constructed)
(Pyth. theorem)
(Pyth. theorem)
(Pyth. theorem)
In OAN,
AN = NB (line from centre chord bisects chord) 1 = AB 2 1 = 16 cm 2 = 8 cm

(Pyth. theorem)
ON = OA2 AN 2 = 17 2 82 cm =15 cm
11. Construct a circle with centre O lying on BH, such that the circle cuts AB at two points P and Q, and cuts BC at two points R and S as shown.
=ON OM Distance between AB and CD =(15 8) cm =7 cm
Draw OM and ON such that OM AB and ON BC. ABH = CBH given OMB = ONB = 90 by construction OB = OB common side OBM OBN AAS OM = ON corr. sides, s PQ = RS chords equidistant from centre are equal Level 2
13. Let M be a point on AB such that OM AB. OM AB (by construction)
AM = MB (line from centre chord bisects chord) 1 = 24 cm 2 = 12 cm

Consider OMA. OM = OA 2 AM 2 = 15 2 12 2 cm = 9 cm Consider OMC. (Pyth. theorem)
12. Construct OMN such that OM CD and ON AB. OMN is a straight line. OA = OC = 17 cm (radii) OM CD (by construction)
MC = MB + BC = (12 + 28) cm = 40 cm
OC = OM 2 + MC 2
(Pyth. theorem)
In OCM,
CM = MD 1 = CD 2 1 = 30 cm 2 = 15 cm
= 9 2 + 40 2 cm (line from centre chord bisects chord) = 41 cm CD = OC OD
= (41 15) cm = 26 cm
14. (a) Consider ABP and ACP. AP = AP common side BP = CP given OP BC line joining centre to mid-pt.of chord chord
41
NSS Mathematics in Action 5A Full Solutions APB = APC = 90 ABP ACP SAS AB = AC corr. sides, s ABC is an isosceles triangle. (b) OM AB (given)
AM = MB
(line from centre chord
AC = BC, ON AC and OP BC
OP =ON =2
AB = 2 AM bisects chord) = 2 6 cm = 12 cm (proved in (a)) AC = AB = 12 cm BC = 2 BP (given) = 2 6 cm = 12 cm
(equal chords, equidistant from
3 cm
15. (a) Consider OAB and OAC. OA = OA common side OB = OC radii AB = AC given OAB OAC SSS OAB = OAC corr. s, s AO bisects BAC. (b) Consider ABN and CAN. AB = AC given OAB = OAC proved in (a) AN = AN common side ABN CAN SAS BN = CN corr. sides, s ON BC line joining centre to mid-pt. of chord chord (c)
Consider ONC.
2
ON = AN OA = (8 5) cm = 3 cm
NC = OC 2 ON 2 = 5 3 cm = 4 cm Consider ANC.
2
(Pyth. theorem)
AC =
AN 2 + NC 2
= 82 +4 2 cm = 80 cm (or 4 5 cm)
(Pyth. theorem)
16. (a)
ON =OY NY =( r 3) cm
(b) chord
ON AB
AN = NB
(given) (line from centre bisects chord)
1 18 cm 2 = 9 cm =
Consider OAN. OA = r cm
(radius)
42
ON 2 + AN 2 = OA 2 (r 3) +9 = r
2 2 2
r 2 6r +90 = r 2 r =15
17. OM CD
Let N be a point on CD such that ON CD. ON CD (by construction) (Pyth. theorem)
NC = DN 1 24 cm 2 =12 cm =

(line from centre chord bisects chord
CM = MD
(given) (line from centre chord
1 = 12 cm bisects chord) 2 = 6 cm
Let r cm be the radius of the circle. OM = AM OA
ONK = OMK = 90
ONKM is a rectangle. NK = OM (property of rectangle) KC = NC NK = NC OM

=(12 88 ) cm =2.62 cm (cor. to 2 d.p.)
= (18 r ) cm
19. (a)
PQ = PR + RQ = (1 + 5) cm = 6 cm
OP =
Join OC. Consider OCM. OC = r cm (radius) (Pyth. theorem)
OM 2 + CM 2 = OC 2 (18 r ) 2 + 6 2 = r 2 360 36r + r 2 = r 2

MB = OB OM
r = 10
In ORM,
OR = OP PR = (3 1) cm = 2 cm
RM = OR 2 OM 2 = 2 2 12 cm = 3 cm
1 PQ 2 1 = 6 cm 2 = 3 cm
= [ r (18 r )] cm = (2r 18) cm = (2 10 18) cm = 2 cm
(Pyth. theorem)
OM RS RM = MS
RS = 2 RM = 2 3 cm
(given) (line from centre chord bisects chord)
18. Let M be a point on AB such that OM AB. OM AB (by construction) (line from centre chord MB = AM (b) Join OD. OD = OP = 3 cm In OND,
= 32 12 cm
1 18 cm 2 = 9 cm =
Join OB. OB = 13 cm Consider OMB.
OM = OB 2 MB 2 = 13 2 9 2 cm = 88 cm
(radii) (Pyth. theorem)
bisects chord)
ND = OD 2 ON 2 = 8 cm
(radius) (Pyth. theorem)
ON CD (given) CN = ND (line from centre chord bisects chord)

CD =2 ND =2 8 cm (or 4 2 cm)
43
NSS Mathematics in Action 5A Full Solutions 20. (a)
MN = NC and BD MC BD is the perpendicular bisector of chord MC. BD is a diameter of the circle.
1 MC 2 MN = NC MN =
x =2 ACB =2 42 =84
ce
2.
NC =
(b) (i)
In BCN, NB =
1 MC 2 1 = 16 cm 2 = 8 cm
BC 2 NC 2 (Pyth. theorem)
ACB = 90 ( in semi-circle) CA = CB (given) x = CBA (base s, isos. ) ACB + CBA + x =180 ( sum of ) 90+2 x =180 x = 45
= 10 2 8 2 cm = 6 cm
Join OC. Let r cm be the radius of the circle. (radii) OC = OB
= r cm ON = OB NB
= ( r 6) cm In OCN,
OC 2 = ON 2 + NC 2 r 2 = ( r 6) 2 + 8 2 r 2 = r 2 12r + 36 + 64 (Pyth. theorem) 12r =100 100 12 r = 8.33 (cor. to 2 d.p.) r=

The radius of the circle is 8.33 cm.
BD = 2OB
(ii)
= 2 =
100 cm 12
50 cm 3
2
AB = BD 2 AD 2 50 = 10 2 cm 3 = 13.33 cm
(Pyth. theorem)
Exercise 2B (p. 2.30) Level 1 1.
ACB +138 =180 ACB = 42
(adj. s on st. line)
44
2 Basic Properties of Circles 3.
ACD = ABD = 55
ACB =
x + ACD =125 (ext. of ) x +55 =125 x =70
4.
DAC = DBE = 25
=25+42 =67
(s in the same segment) (ext. of ) ( at centre twice at
1 AOB 2 ( at centre twice at ) ce 1 = 130 2 = 65

(radii) (base s, isos. )
OC = OA
x = DAC + ADC
OCA = OAC = 20
5.
AOB = 2 ACB = 2 53
)
ce
OB = OC (radii) x = OCB = ACB OCA (base s, isos. ) = 65 20 = 45 ( in semi-circle)
=106
(ext. of )
10. DAC = 90
x + AOB =118 x +106 =118 x =12
of ) (ext. of )
ADC =180 DAC ACD ( sum =180 90 55 = 35

AB = AD (given) (base
6.
ACD = CDB CAD = 90 32 = 58
s, isos. )
ABD = ADB = 35
ACB = 90 ( in semi-circle) x = ACB ACD =9058 =32 7. ( in semi-circle) ADC = 90 DCA =180 ADC DAC ( sum =180 90 65 = 25 (s in the same
ABD + BAC = 55 BAC = 55 35 = 20
(ext. of )
11. (a)
OAB + AOC = 180 (int. s, BA // CO) AOC = 180 32

AOC =360 AOC Reflex =360 148 =212
= 148
DCA of ) x = =25
at a pt.)
(s
segment)
8.
OB = OA (radii) OBA = x (base s, isos. ) x + OBA + AOB =180 x + x +4 x =180 ( sum of ) 6 x =180 x =30
AOB = 2 ACB = 2( 2 x ) =4 x
ABC =
ce
(b)
1 reflex AOC 2 1 = 212 2 =106
( at centre twice
at )
ce
12. BOD = 36
(opp. s of // gram) ( at centre twice at
BCD =
)
ce
1 BOD 2 1 = 36 2 =18
9. Join OC.
45
ODC = BCD = 18
(alt. s, DO // AC)

BKD = ODK + BOD =18+36 =54
(ext. of )
90 + OAC = 45 + 2 OAC OAC = 45 If OAC = 45 , then B and C will coincide, which

contradicts the assumption that B and C are distinct points. OBC 2OAC (or any other reasonable answers) Level 2 16.
13. (a) Reflex at )

ce
AOC = 2 ADC =2 140 = 280
( at centre twice
DCB + CKB = 50 DCB = 50 28 = 22 DAB = DCB
AOC + reflex AOC = 360 AOC = 360 280 = 80
(ext. of ) (s in the same
(s at a
pt.) segment)
= 22
ACB = 90 ( in semi-circle) ACB + CBA + CAB =180
90 +50 +( CAD +22 ) =180 CAD =18

of ) (b) Join OB. OB = OA (radii) (base s, isos. )
( sum
OBA = OAB = 28
ABC =
)
ce
1 AOC 2 1 = 80 2 = 40
OBC = ABC OBA = 40 28

=12
OC = OB (radii) BCO = OBC =12 (base s, isos. )
14. AEF, AFE, BDC, DBC, EAC and CAF (any four of the above angles) 15. Suppose OBC = 2OAC.
ACB =
at )
ce
1 AOB 2 1 = 90 2 = 45
( at centre twice
AKB = AOK + OAC = 90 + OAC BKA = BCK + OBC = 45 + 2 OAC
(ext. of ) (ext. of )
46
2 Basic Properties of Circles 17. DC = DA DCA = x BD = BC (given) (base s, isos. ) (given) (base s, isos. )
ADB = 90
BDC = DCA =x
ECD = EBD (s in the same segment) =90x
EBD = ABD ABE = 90 x
of )
DAC + DCA + ADC =180 ( sum x + x + (90 + x ) =180 x = 30

BDC = 30
( in semi-circle)
22. (a) OABC is a parallelogram. given OA = OC radii OABC is a rhombus. (b) Reflex AOC = 360 x s at a pt.
18.
ABC =
1 reflex AOC 2
at centre twice
DAC = DBC (s in the same segment) = 23 DAC + ACD + ADC =180 ( sum of 23 + 67 + ADC =180 ADC = 90
AC is a diameter of the circle. (converse of in semi-circle)
1 (360 x) 2 x =180 2 =
(c) ABC = x
at
ce
(opp. s of // gram) (proved in (b))
180
x =x 2
19.
(s in the same segment) BAD = BCD (alt. s, CD // AB) BCD = ABC BAD = ABC ACB = 90 ( in semi-circle) ABC + BAC + ACB =180 ABC +( 44 + BAD ) +90 =180 ( sum ABC + ABC +134 =180 ABC = 23
3 x = 180 2 x = 120
23. (a) DK BK BK = EK
line from centre chord bisects chord proved given common side SAS
of )
In BKD and EKD, BK = EK BKD = EKD DK = DK BKD EKD (b) Let BED = x.
ABE =
20.
ACE + BEC = ABE
1 AOE 2 ( at centre twice at ) 1 ce = 124 2 = 62

(ext. of )
BEC = 62 36 = 26 BAD = BEC (s in the same segment)

AKE = BAD + ABE =26+62 =88
KBD = KED (corr. s, s) =x ABE = ACE + BED (ext. of ) = 42 + x ABD = 90 ABE + KBD = 90 ( in semi-circle) 42+ x + x = 90 x = 24
BAD = BED =24
= 26
(ext. of )
24. (a) In AKB and DKC, AKB = DKC BAK = CDK ABK = DCK AKB ~ DKC
vert. opp. s s in the same segment s in the same segment AAA
AK DK = corr. sides, ~ s BK CK AK CK = BK DK (b) (proved in (a)) AK CK = BK DK (6 cm) (2 cm) = (3 cm) DK

21. Join BD.
DK = 4 cm
ABD = 90
( in semi-circle)
47
NSS Mathematics in Action 5A Full Solutions Join AP. APB = 90 in semi-circle s in the same segment
i.e. QC AB 25.
ACQ = APQ =90
26. Join OA.
ABQ = AOQ
= 2 ABP s in the same segment

at centre twice at ce
BP bisects ABQ. given base s, isos. s in the same segment ext. of
27. (a) EA = EB EAB = EBA BAD = BED
BCE = EBA BED
BCE = EAD (b) ABE = ADE
= EAB BAD = EAD
(s, in the same segment)
CBE =180 ABE (adj. s on st. line) =180 ADE = CDA (adj. s on st. line) = AED + DAE (ext. of ) > AED
It is not possible that BCE ~ EAD. Exercise 2C (p. 2.42) Level 1 1. Reflex
AOB =360 AOB =360 80
(s at a pt.)
x cm
Major AB
= 280
AOB Reflex AOB

(arcs prop. to
80 x = 14 280 =4
s at centre)
2.
BAC =180 ABC ACB ( sum =180 50 75 =55
48
2 Basic Properties of Circles of ) 3. ( in semi-circle) ABC = 90 BAC =180 ACB ABC ( sum =180 x 90 = 90 x
x cm AC
BAC ABC
ce
55 x = 10 50 = 11
of )
BAC CB = ACB AB 90 x 4 = x 5 450 5 x = 4 x

ce
9 x = 450 x = 50
4.
COD CD = BOC BC 4 COD = (84) 6 = 56 BOD = BOC + COD = 84 + 56 = 140

s at centre)
(arcs prop. to
BAD =
1 BOD 2 1 x = 140 2 = 70 x = 70
)
ce
5.
ADC = BAD
AC : BD
alt. s, CD // AB equal s, equal arcs
49
6.
(a)
AOB AB = BOC BC 4 AOB = (48 ) 3 = 64

ACB =
(arcs prop. to s at
AB : BC = ACB : BAC = 60 : 90 = 2:3
(arcs prop. to s at
9.
AC = BA
In ABC,
BC =
= 72 cm
(given)
centre)
(b)
1 AOB 2 1 = 64 2 =32
AC = BA (equal arcs, equal chords) = 6 cm ( in semi-circle) BAC = 90

AB 2 + AC 2
( at centre twice
(Pyth. theorem)
= 6 2 +6 2 cm
at )
ce
Perimeter of ABC
= (6 + 6 + 72 ) cm =20.5 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
7.
BDC =180 DBC DCB ( sum =1806264

of )
=54
10.
APC = APB + BPC = 5 +10
EDB = DBC DEB
AB : BC = EDB : BDC (arcs prop. to s at ) ce) = 27 : 54 =1: 2

8. BAC = 90
= 62 35 = 27
(ext. of )
AC APC = =1 CPD ce CD
AC = CD
= CPD
(arcs prop. to s at
BAD = BAC + CAD = 90 +30 =120
( in semi-circle)
BPD = BPC + CPD =10 +15 = 25 = EPF
ABD + ADB + BAD =180 2 ABD +120 =180 ABD = 30
AB = AD (given) ABD = ADB (base s, isos. )
( sum
of )
BD BPD = =1 EF EPF
of )
ACB =180 BAC ABC ( sum =180 90 30 =60
ce)
APD = APB + BPC + CPD = 5 +10 +15 = 30 = FPG
BD = EF
(arcs prop. to s at
50
AD APD = =1 FG EPG
AD = FG
ce)
(any two of the above answers)
AC = CD BD = EF AD = FG
, ,
11.
ADB AB = =1 DAC CD

(given)
2 Basic Properties of Circles Join BC.
BCA = BDA
(arcs prop. to s at
= 70 ABC + BAC + BCA = 180 ( sum of ABC = 180 40 70

)
= 70
(equal s, equal arcs)
ADC BC
ABC BAC
ce
(arcs prop. to s at
70 x = 10 40 = 17.5
ce) ADB = DAC KA = KD (sides opp. equal s) Similarly, KB = KC AKD and BKC are isosceles triangles.
AB = BC = CD
= 90 50 = 40
14.
AB = BC = CD (equal arcs, equal chords) ABC and BCD are isosceles triangles. (any three of the above answers) ( in semi-circle)
Level 2 12. BAD = 90
BAC = BAD CAD
BC
CD
BAC CAD
ce
40 x = 15 50 = 12
13.
51
NSS Mathematics in Action 5A Full Solutions Let AC and BD intersect at E.
BAD = 90
ABD + ADB + BAD =180 2 ADB +90 =180 ADB = 45
AB = AD ABD = ADB
( in semi-circle) (given) (base s, isos. ) ( sum
QSR QR = =1 PRQ QP
QSR = PRQ = 45
of )
ADE + AED + DAE =180 45 + 75 + DAE =180 DAE = 60
( sum
RQS = 180 QRS QSR = 1807545 =60
( sum
of )
CD
AB x 60 = 3 45 x=4
15. (a) isos. )
of )
DAC ADB
ce
17. (a)
OD = OB
(radii) (base s,
ODB = OBD = 30
BOC = OBD + ODB =30+30 =60
(ext. of )
(b)
centre)
AOB BA = BOC CB 2 AOB = 60 3 = 40
(arcs prop. to s at
ADB =
1 AOB 2 ( at centre twice at 1 = 40 2 = 20
)
ce
16.
PRS = PQS (s in the same segment) = 30 PRQ = QRS PRS = 75 30 = 45

52
Join OB, OC and CD.
AB = BC = CD

1 BOC 2 1 = 40 2 = 20
2 Basic Properties of Circles Angle subtended at one of the vertices by any one side of the polygon (given)
AOB + BOC + COD =120 3 BOC =120 BOC = 40
AOB = BOC = COD (equal arcs, equal s)
1 360 2 n 180 = n =
BDC =
( at centre twice
19. (a) OA = OC AB = CB OB = OB ABO CBO (b) line AOB = COB
radii given common side SSS corr. s, s adj. s on st.
at )
ce
AOD =180 AOB =180 COB
(b) Reflex
AOD = 360 AOD = 360 120 = 240
( s at a pt.)
AD = DC
ACD =
CED + CDE + ECD =180 CED +20+ 120 =180 CED =40
1 reflex AOD (at centre twice at ce ) 2 1 = 240 2 20. =120

( sum of
CAB BC = =1 DAC CD
= DAC

= COD
adj. s on st. line equal s, equal arcs
arcs prop. to s at
ce
CAB = DAC OC = OA
radii base s, isos. alt. s equal given line from centre chord bisects chord common side given SAS corr. s, s
ACO = CAB
OC // AD OE BD BE = ED
21. (a)
18. (a) (i) Join OT, OP and OQ. RS = ST = TP = PQ = QR (given) ROS = SOT = TOP =POQ = QOR (equal chords, equal s) 1 ROS = 360 (s at a pt.) 5 =72
AE = AE AEB = AED = 90 ABE ADE (b) BAC = DAC
BC BAC = =1 DAC CD
arcs prop. to s at ce
RPS =
(ii)
1 ROS 2 1 = 72 2 =36
BC = CD
22. (a) With the notations in the figure,
)
ce
(b) Angle subtended at centre by any one side of the polygon
360 n
53
NSS Mathematics in Action 5A Full Solutions The students claim is correct. (or any other reasonable answers)
DFE = BDF + DBF = 20 +30 = 50 AGE = CAG + ACG = 40 +50 = 90
(ext. of )
Exercise 2D (p.2.49) Level 1 1. BCD =95 (ext. , cyclic quad.) BCD + x = 180 (adj. s on st. line) x = 180 95 = 85
(ext. of )
2.
BCD + BAD = 180 (opp. s, cyclic quad.) BCD = 180 76

= 104
CD = CB (given) BDC = x (base s, isos. ) BCD +x + BDC =180 2 x +104 =180 ( sum of ) x =38 ( in semi-circle)
x= 180 FGE GFE
(b)
AB : BC : CD : DE : EA
= 1809050 =40
( sum of
3.
ACB = 90
= ADB : BEC : CAD : DBE : ACE (arcs prop. to s at ce ) = 20 : 40: 40: 30: 50 =2 : 4 : 4 : 3 : 5
(c) 4.
ABC + ACB + BAC =180 (sum of ) ABC =180 90 40 = 50

x + ABC = 180 x = 180 50 = 130 x = ABD =46
(opp. s, cyclic quad.)
AB 2 = Circumference of the circle 2 + 4 + 4 + 3 + 5 18 Circumference of the circle = cm 2 = 9 cm

Radius of the circle
y + BCD =180 y + (54 + x ) =180
y =180 (54 + 46) = 80
9 cm 2 =4.5 cm =
23. If ABC is a right-angled triangle, then either one of A, B or C must be equal to 90. A : B : C = a : b : c (arcs prop. to s at ce) and A + B + C = 180 ( sum of )
a 180 , a +b +c b B = 180 a +b + c c C= 180 and a +b +c
A =
Since one of A, B or C is equal to 90, one of the ratios to
a b c , or is equal a +b +c a +b +c a +b +c
1 . 2
54
EBC + CDE = 180 (opp. s, cyclic quad.) EBC = 180 110 = 70 ECB + BAE = 180 ECB = 180 120 = 60
ABP + BAP + APB =180 ( sum of ) ABP =180 13020 =30
BEC + EBC + ECB =180 ( sum of ) BEC =1807060 =50

ADE = CAD + ACD =36+60 =96
6.
(a)
(ext. of )
(b)
DFE = BCD (ext. , cyclic quad.) = 60
DFE + FDE + DEF =180 (sum of ) DEF =1806096 = 24

7. BAP = PQD DCP + PQD = 180 DCP + BAP = 180 AB // CD ext. , cyclic quad. opp. s, cyclic quad. int. s supp.
8.
FCD + DEF = 180 (opp. s, cyclic quad.) FCD = 180 130

x = FCD =50
= 50
(ext. , cyclic
quad.) ABD = y AD = AB ADB = ABD =y (ext. , cyclic quad.) (given) (base s, isos. )
BAD + ABD + ADB =180
(sum of )
x +2 y =180 2 y =18050 y = 65
BPA =
9. (a)
1 AOB 2 1 = 40 2 = 20
)
ce
(b)
BAP + BCP = 180 (opp. s, cyclic BAP = 180 50 = 130
quad.)
55
NSS Mathematics in Action 5A Full Solutions 10. (c) If ABC and ADC are right-angled isosceles triangles, then
ABC + ADC = 180
DAC + ADC + ACD =180 (sum of ) DAC =180 115 30 = 35
BAD = BAC + DAC = 45 +45
BC = CD
BC = CD
BAC BC = =1 DAC CD
BAC = DAC = 35
ABC =180115 =65
and
= 90 BCD = BCA + DCA = 45+45 = 90

In this case, BD is a diameter of the circle. (converse of in semi-circle)
(given) (equal chords, equal arcs)
ACB + ABC + BAC =180 ( sum of ) ACB =1806535 =80
11. Join AD. ABC + CDA = 180 ADE = 90 ABC + CDE
opp. s, cyclic quad. in semi-circle
= ABC +( CDA + ADE ) = ( ABC + CDA) + ADE =180 +90 = 270
12. (a) Consider ABC and ADC. AB = AD BC = DC AC = AC ABC ADC (b) ABC ADC ABC = ADC
ABC + ADC =180 2 ABC =180 ABC = 90
given given common side SSS (proved in (a)) (corr. s, s) (opp. s,
cyclic quad.)
AC is a diameter of the circle. (converse of in semi-circle)

56
2 Basic Properties of Circles 13. Level 2 14. Reflex ABD is an equilateral triangle. BAD = 60 BCD is a right-angled triangle with C = 90. BCD = 90
BAD + BCD = 60 +90 =150 180
The polygon cannot be a cyclic quadrilateral. (or any other reasonable answers)
BDC + CBD = DCE = 40
ADB + ABD + DAB =180 (sum of ) ADB =180 90 65 = 25 CBD = ADB (alt. s, BC // AD) = 25
BDC = 65 25
(ext. of )
COA =2 ABC =2 110 =220
( at centre twice
18.
at )
ce
COA = 360reflex COA (s at a pt.) = 360220

APB + COA = 180 APB = 180 140 (opp. s, cyclic quad.) = 40
=140
ACD + ADC + CAD =180 (sum of ) ACD =180 40 ADC =140 ADC ABC + ADC = 180 (opp. s, cyclic ABC = 180 ADC
quad.)
AED + ACD =180

cyclic quad.)
(opp. s,
CEB = DAE 15.

AD)
= 40
(corr. s, EC // (given) (base s, isos. ) ( sum
AED = 180 ACD = 180 (140 ADC ) = 40 + ADC
EC = EB
ECB = EBC CEB + ECB + EBC =180

40 + 2 EBC =180 EBC = 70
ABC + AED =(180 ADC ) +( 40+ ADC ) =220
of )
ADC + EBC =180 ADC =180 70 =110
(opp. s, 19. Join BD. Let CBE = x. CE = CB
cyclic quad.) 16. (a) KAD = KCB KDA = KBC AKD = CKB KAD ~ KCB ext. , cyclic quad. ext. , cyclic quad. common angle AAA
(given)
(b)
KA KD = KC KB KA KD = KD + DC KA + AB 2 cm 3 cm = 3 cm + DC (2 + 4) cm 4 cm = 3 cm + DC DC =1 cm
(corr. sides, ~
CEB = CBE (base s, isos. ) =x BEA + BAE = CBE (ext. of ) BEA = x 27 ( in semi-circle) DBE =90 DBC + DEC =180 (90 + x ) +( x 27 + x ) =180 (opp. s, 3 x =117 x = 39
cyclic quad.)
CBE =39
s)
17.
ABD = 90
DAB = DCE = 65
20. Let COD = x. ABC = COD = x OC = OB
ext. , cyclic quad. radii
( in semi-circle)
57
OCB = OBC =x
base s, isos. (b) ext. , cyclic quad. ext. , cyclic
OAD = OCB = x
BAC = BDC (s in the same segment) x =35
s in the same segment
OCD = BAO =x
3.
(a)
BAC = CDB = 90 A, B, C and D are concyclic.
quad.
OD = OC
radii
ODC = OCD =x
base s,
(b)
ADB =180 EDA CDB (adj. =180 55 90 = 35

converse of s in the same segment
isos.
s on st. line)
3x = 180
O DC + O CD + CO D = 180 x = 60
ACB = ADB
x =35
sum of 21. (a) ODC = OCD = COD = 60 CDO is an equilateral triangle.
4.
(a) Refer to the figure.
APC = ABC + PCB =( x + x ) + y =2 x + y ARB = ACB + RBC =( y + y ) + x = x +2 y
ext. of
ext. of opp. s,
Consider ABG.
ABG =180 BGA GAB =1808545 =50
(b) APC + ARB =180 cyclic quad.
( 2 x + y ) +( x + 2 y ) =180 3 x +3 y =180 x + y = 60 BAC + ABC + ACB =180 BAC +2 x +2 y =180 BAC +2( x + y ) =180 BAC +120 =180 BAC =60
sum of
ABC = ABG + GBC = 50 + 35

(b) ABC = ADF A, B, C and D are concyclic.
= 85
sum of Exercise 2E (p.2.58) Level 1 1. (a) BAD + BCD
segment)
CAD = CBD = 35
ext. = int. opp.
(s in the same
DCE = DAB (ext. , cyclic quad.) = BAC + CAD

x =45+35 =80
A, B, C and D are concyclic. opp. s supp. CDB = CAB (b) ( s in the same segment) x =38 2. (a)
= (38 + 42) + (35 + 65) =180
5.
Consider PBC.
of
DBC =180 BDC DCB sum =180 35 105 = 40

DBC = DAC A, B, C and D are concyclic.
PCB + PBC = APB ext. of 16 + PCB = 62 PCB = 46 ACD = BCD PCB =8246
ABD = ACD A, B, C and D are concyclic.
=36
6.
converse ofs in the same segment opp. s of // gram ext. , cyclic quad.
converse of
58
ABC = ADC PQB = PDC
DPQ = PQB DPQ = ABC A, B, Q and P are concyclic. 7. AB = EB BAE = BEA BAE = BCD BEA = BCD B, C, D and E are concyclic. BPT = 90 SQC = 90
alt. s, AD // BC ext. = int. opp. given base s, isos. opp. s of // gram ext. = int. opp. in semi-circle in semi-circle adj. s on st. line 11. D is any point on
AC
, where AB is a diameter of the
circle and the mid-point of AB is the centre.
8.
AQS =180 SQC =180 90 = 90
9.
AQR = BPR = 90 A, P, R and Q are concyclic.
ext. = int. opp.
BAD = 180 (x + y) ( sum of ) BAD + BCD =180 (opp. s, cyclic
180( x + y ) + z =180
quad.)
x+ y =z
(or any other equivalent relationship) given base s, isos. given mid-pt. theorem corr. s, MN // BC ext. = int. opp.
Level 2 12. (a) ABC is an equilateral triangle. AB = BC = CA Consider ABD and ACD. AB = AC proved BD = CD given AD = AD common side ABD ACD SSS Consider ABE and CBE. AB = CB proved AE = CE given BE = BE common side ABE CBE SSS (b) ABD ACD proved in (a) ADB = ADC corr. s, s
10. AB = AC ABC = ACB AM = MB and AN = NC MN // BC AMN = ABC AMN = ACB B, C, N and M are concyclic.
ADB + ADC =180
Similarly, BEA = BEC = 90
ADB = ADC = 90
adj. s on st. line
D, C, E and F are concyclic. opp. s supp. ADB = BEA = 90 A, B, D and E are concyclic. converse of s of the same segment in semi-circle
FDC + FEC = 90 +90 =180
13. (a) APB = 90
APM + APB =180 adj. s on st. line APM +90 =180 APM =90 AOM =90
given APM = AOM O, P, M and A are concyclic. converse of s in the same segment OA = OP radii OAP = OPA base s, isos. OAP = OMP s in the same segment OPA = OMB ext. , cyclic quad. ext. , cyclic quad. ext. = int. opp.
(b) 14.
AQS = BRS BRS = CPS AQS = CPS AQSP is a cyclic quadrilateral.
59
NSS Mathematics in Action 5A Full Solutions 18. (a) BAD + BCD = 90 + 90 = 180 BCDA is a cyclic quadrilateral. opp. s supp. BAD = 90 given BD is a diameter of the circle. converse of s in the same segment Since N is the mid-point of BD, N is the centre of the circle. AP = PC given NP AC line joining centre to mid-pt. of chord chord
15. (a) Join PB and let ARP = . APQ = ARP = PBA = ARP = APB = 90
BPQ = APB APQ
given s in the same segment in semi-circle
sum of
= 90 PQB =180 PBQ BPQ =180 (90 ) = 90
(b) Join MP and NP. Let ABD = x.
ACD = ABD =x
same segment
s in the
(b) Join RB. TQB = 90 proved in (a) TRB = 90 in semi-circle TQB + TRB = 90 + 90 = 180 R, T, Q and B are concyclic. opp. s supp. 16. Consider ACB and DBC. AC = DB ACB = DBC BC = CB ACB DBC BAC = CDB A, B, C and D are concyclic. 17. (a) ACB = 90 given given common side SAS corr. s, s converse of s in the same segment in semi-circle adj. s on st. 19. (a)
ACB = BCD ACD = 90 x

AM = MB and AP = PC given MP // BC mid-pt. theorem
MP // BC
APM = ACB =90 x

NP AC APN = 90
corr. s,
proved in (a)
NPM = APN APM =90 (90 x ) =x = ABD
line
ECP =180 ACB =90
Join AE, BF, CG and DH. in semi-circle
ADB =90
ECP = ADB P, D, E and C are concyclic. ext. = int. opp. (b) COD = 2CAD at centre twice at ce
EAC + CGE = 180 opp. s, cyclic quad. CGE = 180 EAC

If A, E, F and B are concyclic, then
sum of
CAD =180 ACP APB =90 APB
EAB + BFE = 180 opp. s, cyclic quad. BFE = 180 EAC

CGE = BFE BFE = BDH CDH = CGE C, G, H and D are concyclic. ext. , cyclic quad. ext. = int. opp.
COD = 2(90 APB ) =180 2 APB

60
2 Basic Properties of Circles Revision Exercise 2 (p. 2.66) Level 1
(b) Join PU, QT, RW and SV. RSV = PUT ext. , cyclic quad. VWR = PQT ext. , cyclic quad. If R, S, W and V are concyclic, then RSV = VWR s in the same segment PUT = PQT P, Q, U and T are concyclic. converse of s in the same segment 1. Join OF. Draw ON such that ON FE.
OF = OB 1 = BC (radii) 2 1 = 20 cm 2 = 10 cm
Consider ONF.
ON = AB (property of rectangle) = 6 cm
FN = OF 2 ON 2 (Pyth. theorem)
= 10 2 6 2 cm =8 cm ON FE (by construction) FN = NE (line from centre chord bisects chord) FE =2 8 cm =16 cm ( in semi-circle)
2.
AEC = 90
EBC = EAC (s in the same segment) =30 AEB = EDC + EBC (ext. of ) =35 +30 = 65
BEC = AEC AEB =9065 =25
3.
POR + OPQ = 180 (int. s, OR // PQ)
pt.)
POR =18042 =138 Reflex POR =360 POR =360 138 = 222
(s at a
PQR =
at )
ce
1 reflex POR 2 ( at centre twice 1 = 222 2 =111
61

ORQ + PQR = 180 (int. s, OR // PQ) ORQ = 180 111 = 69
4.
With the notations in the figure,
BCA =
ONC = OBC + BCA = 42 + 27 = 69
1 AOB 2 ( at centre twice at ) ce 1 = 54 2 = 27

(ext. of )
OAC + AOB = ONC OAC = 6954
(ext. of )
5.
ACB AB = =1 CAB BC
=15
ACB = CAB =35 ( in semi-circle) DCA = 90 DCB = DCA + ACB =90 +35 =125
DAB + DCB =180 ( DAC +35 ) +125 =180 DAC =20
cyclic quad.) 6. (opp. s,
EDC = EAB (s in the same segment)

DAC = DAB EAB =60 EAB ADE = ADC EDC =80 EAB
AEB = DAC + ADE (ext. of ) 100 = (60 EAB) + (80 EAB ) 100 =140 2 EAB
EAB =20
62
7.
CDB BC 2 (arcs prop. to s at ) = = CBD CD 1

ce
ABC + ADC = 180 ABC = 180 115

quad.)
(opp. s, cyclic
= 65
CBD =
(opp. s, ABC + ADC =180 cyclic quad.) (62 + CBD ) + (58 + CDB ) =180 1 120 + CDB + CDB =180 2 3 CDB = 60 2 CDB = 40 KDC = 40
1 CDB 2
ACB AB = BAC BC 3 = 2
ce
ACB =
3 BAC 2
=180 =180 =115 = 46 (sum of )
ACB + ABC + BAC 3 BAC + 65 + BAC 2 5 BAC 2 BAC

9.
(a) OC = OB (radii) OCB = OBC (bases, isos. ) OCB + OBC + BOC =180 2 OCB +80 =180 OCB =50 sum of )
BAC =
(b)
at )
ce
1 BOC 2 1 = 80 2 = 40
( at centre twice
DAB + BCD =180
( DAC + BAC ) +( OCB + OCD ) =180 36+40+50+ OCD = 180 OCD = 54
10. Join BC.
DBC =
1 DOC 2 1 = 90 2 = 45
63
NSS Mathematics in Action 5A Full Solutions )

ce
ACB = 90
In BCE,
( in semi-circle)
AB = AM BM = AM MC = ( 33 3) cm = 2.74 cm (cor. to 2 d.p.) CF = FD OF CD (given) (line joining centre to mid-pt. of chord chord)
BCE + EBC + CEB =180 90+45+ CEB =180 CEB = 45
(sum of ) 13. (a)
FD =
11. Join DC. OC = OD OCD = ODC (radii) (base s, isos. ) (int. s, AD // BC) ADC + BCD =180
In OFD,
1 CD 2 1 = 4 cm 2 = 2 cm
(Pyth. theorem)
OF = OD 2 FD 2 = ( 5 ) 2 2 2 cm =1 cm
( 28 + ODC ) + (36 + OCD ) =180 64 + 2 OCD =180 OCD = 58 BCD = 36 + 58 =94

BAD + BCD =180 BAD +94 =180 BAD =86
(opp. s, cyclic
(b) Join AB. OE = OF = 1 cm (proved in (a))
quad.)
and OE AC and OF CD (proved in (a))
AC = CD = 4 cm (chords equidistant from centre are equal)

(given) 12. Draw OM such that OM BC. OM BC (by construction) BM = MC (line from centre chord bisects chord)
OE AC
MC =
1 6 cm 2 = 3 cm
(Pyth. theorem)
AE = EC 1 = AC 2 1 = 4 cm 2 = 2 cm
(line from centre chord bisects chord)
OB = OD = 5 cm BE = OB OE
= ( 5 1) cm
(radii)
Consider OMC. OM = OC 2 MC 2 = 5 2 3 2 cm = 4 cm Consider OAM.

AM = OA 2 OM = 33 cm
2
Area of ABE =
(Pyth. theorem)
= 7 2 4 2 cm
1 BE AE 2 1 = ( 5 1) 2 cm 2 2 = 1.24 cm 2 (cor. to 2 d.p.)
14. (a)
AE 2 =132 cm 2 =169 cm 2
64
AD 2 + DE 2 = [(6 + 6) 2 + 5 2 ] cm 2 = 169 cm 2
(converse of Pyth. ADE =90 theorem) AE is a diameter of the circle. (converse of in semi-circle) The centre of the circumcircle lies on AE. (b) CB AD and AB = BD (given) CB is the perpendicular bisector of AD. The centre lies on CB. The centre also lies on AE. The intersection of CB and AE, i.e. C, is the centre of the circumcircle.
OA 2 = AM 2 + OM 2 r 2 = 5 2 + (r 1) 2 r 2 = 25 + r 2 2r + 1 2r = 26 r = 13
18. (a) The radius of the circle is 13 cm. (Pyth. theorem)
AE = AD + DE
2 2
ABC =180 BCA BAC =1802836 =116
sum of
ABC = ADE =116

(b)
CAD = ADE ACD =11654 =62
A, B, C and D are concyclic. ext. = int. opp. ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. (ext. of )
15. Join BD and DC. ABD = 90 ACD = 90 ABD = ACD
CBD = CAD =62
(s in the same
segment) in semi-circle in semi-circle
AD = AD AB = AC
ABD ACD BAD = CAD AD bisects BAC.
common side given RHS corr. s, s

(ext. of ) (s in the same segment) (ext. of )
19.
EBD DE = =1 DAC CD
EBD = DAC
arcs prop. to s at ce
16. ADC = p + q BCD = p
P, A, B and Q are concyclic. converse of s in the same segment
r = ADC + BCD = p +q + p =2 p +q
17. Let O be the centre of the circle and r cm be the radius. Join OA.
OA = r cm
OM = OC MC = ( r 1) cm
OM AB
AM = MB
1 10 cm 2 = 5 cm =
Consider OAM.
65
NSS Mathematics in Action 5A Full Solutions 20. Draw a line segment PQ in rectangle ABCD, then draw another line segment RS which is perpendicular to PQ as shown in the following figure. (or any other reasonable answers) (b)
segment)
BDC = BAC =16
(s in the same
ADB = ADC BDC (ext. of ) =9016 = 74

Level 2
AKD + ADB + CAD =180 ( sum of ) AKD =1807454

(adj. s on st.
AOB + DOB = 180 21. AOB = 180 140

line)
=52
= 40
(alt. s, DA //
OBC = AOB = 40
CB)
BCA =
OKC = OBC + BCA = 40 + 20 = 60
1 AOB 2 1 = 40 2 = 20
( at centre twice at ce)
(ext. of )
AKO + OKC =180 AKO =180 60 =120
(adj. s on st.
line)
22. (a)
ABC + AFC = 180 (opp. s, cyclic AFC = 180 102 = 78

quad.)
CDE = AFC =78
(b) )
ce
COE = 2 CDE = 2 78 =156
BAF + ABO
+ COE + FEO = ( 4 2) 180 (sum of polygon) BAF = 64
BAF +102 +156 + 38 = 360
23. (a) ( in ADC =90 semi-circle) APD + ADC + BAD =180 ( 20+90+( BAC +54 ) =180
BAC =16
sum of )
66
24. (a) ACB =90 circle) segment) of )
( in semi(s in the same
DBA = DCA
CEB + CBE + ECB =180 ( sum
DBE DE = CAD CD
DBE =
25 +( DBA +37 ) +( DCA +90 ) =180 2 DCA = 28 DCA =14

(b)
4 ( 28) 2 = 56
(sum of )
CFB + CBD + BCA =180 (sum of ) CFB +37 +90 =180 CFB = 53
BKE + KEB + KBE =180
BKE =1804256
27. (a)
25. Join MN. ABM = MNC (ext. , cyclic quad.) AEM = MND (ext. , cyclic quad.) MNC + MND = 180 (adj. s on st. line)
centre)
AOB AB = AOC ABC 1 = 1+ 2

AOB =
=82
(arcs prop. to s at
ABM + AEM = MNC + MND =180

+ AEM + BME =( 4 2) 180 ( 65 +180 + BME =360 BME =115
BAE + ABM
1 AOC 3 1 = 90 3 = 30
1 ( at centre twice AOB 2 at ce) 1 = 30 2 =15
(radii) (base s, isos. )
BCA =
sum of polygon)
(b)
OC = OA ACO = CAO
26. Join BE.
BEC BC = CAD CD
BEC =
CAO + ACO + AOC =180 (sum of ) 2 CAO =180 90 CAO = 45
CEO = CAO + AOB = 45+30

(ext. of )
=75
28. (a) APD = CPB PAD = PCB PDA = PBC PAD ~ PCB (b) AKB = DKC BAK = CDK ABK = DCK AKB ~ DKC
67
3 ( 28) 2 = 42
common angle ext. , cyclic quad. ext. , cyclic quad. AAA vert. opp. s s in the same segment s in the same segment AAA
NSS Mathematics in Action 5A Full Solutions (c) PAD ~ PCB (proved in (a)) (b) KM = KN Also, BM = CN KM BM = KN CN KB = KC (c) KB = KC Also, AB = DC KA = KD KAD = KDA BCD + KAD = 180 BCD + KDA = 180 BC // AD 30. corr. sides, s given proved in (b) given base s, isos. opp. s, cyclic quad. int. s supp. ext. , cyclic
PA PC PA PD + DC 6 cm 8 cm + DC 12 cm
sides, ~ s)
PD = PB PD = PA + AB 8 cm = (6 +10) cm = 8 cm + DC
(corr.
DC = 4 cm
NBP = MDP
quad.
AKB ~ DKC
(proved in (b)) (corr. sides, ~ s)
AB BK = DC CK 10 cm BK = 4 cm 3 cm
BK = 7.5 cm
BNP =180 NBP NPB =180 MDP DPM = DMP = NMC sum of
sum of vert. opp. s
29. (a)
AM = MB and CN = ND given OMK = ONK = 90 line joining centre to mid-pt of chord chord AB = DC given OM = ON equal chords, equidistant from centre OK = OK common side OMK ONK RHS
QM =QN
sides opp. equal s
31. (a) Join OC.
centre)
AOC ABC = AOD ABCD 1+ 1 = 2 + 1+ 1

AOC =
OA = OC
(arcs prop. to s at
2 90 4 = 45
(radii)
OAC = OCA (base s, isos. )
OAC + OCA + AOC =180 (sum of ) 2 OAC + 45 =180 OAC = 67.5
68
of (b)
ACE + CAE + CEA = 180 (180 2 x) + x + CEA = 180 CEA = x CAE = CEA CA = CE CE = CD CED = CDE = ABC
sum
Join OB and AD.
AB = BC
AOB =
(equal arcs, equal s)
sides opp. equal
33. (a)
given
AOB = BOC
1 AOC 2 1 = 45 2 = 22.5
base s, isos. ext. , cyclic quad.

ADB =
)
ce
1 AOB 2 ( at centre twice at 1 = 22.5 2 = 11.25
ABE is an isosceles triangle. (b) Let ABD = x.
AE = AB
sides opp. equal s
)
ce
CAD CD = ADB AB 2 CAD = 11.25 1 = 22.5
DBC DC = =1 ABD AD
(arcs prop. to s at
ce)
(arcs prop. to s at
DBC = ABD =x ABE = ABD + DBC =2x AEB = ABE =2x EDC = AEB =2x
(base s,
isos. ) (base
s, isos. )
AED + EAD + EDA =180 AED +22.5+11.25 =180
(sum of )
of )
DCB = AEB + EDC = 4 x (1)
(ext.
AED =146.25
BDC = 90
semi-circle)
( in
DBC + DCB + BDC =180 (sum of ) DCB =180 x 90 = 90 x ( 2)

From (1) and (2), we have
32. Join BO and OE. Let CAE = x. BOE = 2CAE = 2x ACE + BOE = 180 ACE = 180 2 x
4 x = 90 x
at centre twice at ce opp. s, cyclic quad.
x =18 DCB = 4(18 ) = 72

BAD + DCB = 180 (opp. s, cyclic BAD = 180 72 = 108
quad.)
69
NSS Mathematics in Action 5A Full Solutions 34. BDC = ABD DEF = ABD KAE = DEF BDC = KAE A, K, D and F are concyclic. alt. s, CF // BA ext. , cyclic quad. corr. s, CA // DE ext. = int. opp.
35. (a)
AEC =180 37 13 =130 ADC + AEC = 50 +130

A, E, C and D are concyclic. opp. s supp.
=180
ABC = ADC = 90 in semi-circle FBE =180 ABC adj. s on st. =90

EDF =180 ADC =90
adj. s on st.
line
(b) Join DE.
line BEFD is a cyclic quadrilateral.
CDE = CAE = 37
segment) DC = AB
(s in the same
FBE = EDF
(opp. sides of // gram) (given)
converse of s in the same segment (b) (s in the same BDC = BAC = 35 segment) (s in the same BFE = BDC = 35 segment)
and AB = EC DC = EC
DEC = CDE =37
(base s, isos. )
DCF = CEF + CFE = 27 +35 = 62
(ext. of )
DCF + CFD = ADC 62+ CFD =90
(ext. of )
ECD + CDE + CED =180 (sum of ) ECD +37 + 37 =180 ECD =106
( ECB + ECD ) +50 =180 (int. s, ECB +106+50 =180 ECB =24
CD // BA) 38. (a) (i) Consider ABM and CDM. ABM = CDM s in the same segment BAM = DCM s in the same segment AMB = CMD vert. opp. s ABM ~ CDM AAA (ii)
36. (a) (b) in (a)
AD = DC
AD = DC
BCD + ABC =180
CFD =28
given equal arcs, equal chords given base s, isos. given base s, isos. proved adj.
DE = DC DEC = DCE
AD = ED
DE = DA
DAE = DEA
DEC = DCE
AB AM = CD CM
OL AB AL = LB
corr. sides, ~ s given line from centre chord bisects chord given line from centre chord bisects chord
DEA + DEC + CEB = 180
s on st. line
AL =

CEB =180 DEA DEC =180 DAE DCE opp. s, BCD + DAE =180
1 AB 2 1 CD 2
ON CD CN = ND
cyclic quad.
CN =
( BCE + DCE ) + DAE = 180 BCE = 180 DAE DCE CEB = BCE
37. (a) BC = BE sides opp. equal s opp. s of
Join LM and NM.
// gram
ADC = ABC =50
CAE + ACE + AEC = 180

sum of
Consider ALM and CNM.
70
1 AB AL 2 = 1 CN CD 2 AB = CD AM = CM
LAM = NCM ALM ~ CNM
1 AB OC 2 1 2 Area of AOB = ( 2 + 2) 12 cm 2 =
from (a) (i)
= 2 12 cm 2 = 4 3 cm 2
2. Answer: B For I, PQ CD (given) I is true. For II, AB = CD = 12 cm, OP AB and OQ CD OP = OQ (equal chords, equidistant from centre) For III,
s in the same segment ratio of 2 sides, inc.
OQ =
II is true. OP AB AP = PB
1 PQ 2
(b) Join OM, OR and OW. PM = MQ OM PQ given line joining centre to mid-pt. of chord chord
AP =
RLO + RMO = 90 + 90 =180

RLOM is a cyclic quadrilateral. ROM = RLM
1 AB 2 1 = 12 cm 2 = 6 cm
opp. s supp. s in the same segment
Consider AOP. OP = OA2 AP 2 = 10 2 6 2 cm = 8 cm (Pyth. theorem)
WNO + WMO
= 90 + 90 =180
WNOM is a cyclic quadrilateral. opp. s supp. WOM = WNM s in the same segment ALM ~ CNM proved in (a)(ii) ALM = CNM corr. s, ~ s ROM = WOM (c) Consider ROM and WOM. proved in (b) ROM = WOM common side OM = OM OMR = OMW = 90 proved in (b) ROM WOM ASA RM = WM corr. sides, s M is also the mid-point of RW. Multiple Choice Questions (p. 2.73) 1. Answer: B OC AB (given) AC = CB = 2 cm (line from centre chord bisects chord)
OC = OA 2 AC 2 = 4 2 2 2 cm = 12 cm
PQ = 2OP = 2 8 cm = 16 cm 18 cm
3.
III is not true. Only I and II are true. ( in semi-circle)
Answer: A BCD = 90
DCA = BCD ACB
= 90 71 =19 ABD = DCA (s in the same segment) =19
x = ABD + BAC (ext. of ) =19+32 =51
4.
Answer : D For I,
(Pyth. theorem)
DC : CB DC : CB
I may not be true.
in general
For II,
71
AC = AD + DC 1 1 = CB + CB 2 2 = CB AC = CB (equal arcs, equal chords)

For III, ( in ADB = ACB = 90 semi-circle) AC = CB (proved in II) ABC = CAB (proved in II) ABC + CAB AC : CB = 1 : 1 II must be true.
ADC + ABC = 180
ADC = 180 ABC
ABC ADC = ADC ABC ABC 7+ 3 = (arcs prop. to s at 180 ABC 6 + 8 5 ABC = (180 ABC ) 7 5 ABC = 180 12 = 75
)
ce
+ ACB =180
2 CAB + 90 =180 CAB = 45 ADB : CAB = 90 : 45 = 2 : 1

5. III must be true. Only II and III must be true.
( sum of 8. Answer: A
Answer: B
BED + EBD = BDC EBD = 43 24 =19
(ext. of ) Join BD.
ADB = 90
( in semi-circle)
CBD =
1 COD 2 ( at centre twice at ) ce 1 = 48 2 = 24
Join AD.
ADB = 90
( in semi-circle) (opp. s, cyclic
ADC + ABC =180 x = 28
x = ADB + CBD (ext. of ) =90+24 =114
(90+43 ) +(19+ x ) =180
quad.) 6. Answer: C For option C,
In CDP,
ACB = ADB (s in the same segment) =x BDC = BAC (s in the same segment) =
CPD + PDC + DCP =180 (sum of ) y + ( x +) + ( z + x ) =180 =180 2 x y z
7.
C must be true.
Answer: C
72
2 Basic Properties of Circles 9. Answer: B DCB + BAD =180 HKMO (p. 2.76) (opp. s, cyclic quad.) 1. (Pyth. theorem) = 42 + 32 =5 Consider AMN and ABC. AMN = NBC (ext. , cyclic quad.) ANM = ACB (ext. , cyclic quad.) MAN = BAC (common angle) AMN ~ ABC (AAA) AC = AB 2 + BC 2
DCB =180 y OD = OC (radii) ODC = OCD (base s, isos. ) =180 y (corr. s, OD //
DOC = ABO =x
BA)
DOC + ODC + OCD = 180 x + (180 y ) + (180 y ) = 180 x = 2 y 180

B must be true.
sum of )
10. Answer: B
ADC + ABC =180

quad.)
(opp. s, cyclic
ADC =180 x ACD + AED =180 (opp. s, cyclic quad.) ACD =180 y
ACD + ADC + CAD =180 (180 y ) +(180 x ) +45 =180 x + y = 225
AM MN AN = = (corr. sides, ~ s) AB BC AC 1 Area of AMN = AM MN 2 1 Area of ABC = AB BC 2 1 AM MN Area of AMN = 2 1 Area of ABC AB BC 2 1 AM MN = 4 AB BC
1 AN = 4 AC
AN 1 = AC 2 AN 1 = 5 2 5 AN = 2 NB = AB AN 5 =4 2 3 = 2
NC = NB 2 + BC 2
2
11. Answer: B
CDB = CAB = 52
ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. (converse of s in the same segment)
ADC + CBA =180 ADB =56
(52 + ADB) +72 =180 (opp. s, cyclic
quad.)
3 = + 32 2 = = =

12. Answer: D For I, ADE + DEB = 180 (int. s, AD // BE) ABE = DEB (given) ADE + ABE = 180 ABED is a cyclic quadrilateral. (opp. s supp.) For II, ABE = DEB (given) DEB = EFC (corr. s, BE // CF) ABE = EFC BCFE is a cyclic quadrilateral. (ext. = int. opp. ) For III, DFC = ABE (ext. , cyclic quad.) ABE + BAD = 180 (int. s, AD // BE) DFC + BAD = 180 ACFD is a cyclic quadrilateral. (opp. s supp.)
9 +9 4 45 2 3 5 2
(Pyth. theorem)
NBC = 90 NC is a diameter of the circle.
(given) (converse of in semi-circle)
73
1 NC 2 2 2
2.
Let O be the centre of the circle.
Radius of circle BNMC = 1 3 5
3 5 = 4
Join OM, OA and OF. Let MN intersect OA at P. Let BC = 2a. Then AB = AC = BC = 2a, and B = C = BAC = 60 (prop. of equil. ) AM = MB = a and AN = NC = a (given) MN // BC and MN =
1 BC = a (mid-pt. theorem) 2
(corr. s, MN // BC)
Since ABC is an equilateral triangle, O is not only the circumcentre of ABC, but also its incentre, i.e. AO bisects BAC.
AMP = B = 60
MAP =
60 = 30 and AP MN 2 a 2
3a 2
In AMP,
MP = AM cos 60 =
and AP = AM sin 60 = In AMO,
AO =
AM 2a 2 3a = = cos 30 3 3
PO = AO AP
= =
2 3a 3a 3 2 3a 6
In POF,
PF = OF 2 OP 2 2 3a 3a = 3 6 = a 5 2
2 2
(Pyth. theorem)
MF = MP + PF
a a 5 + 2 2 1 + 5 a = 2 =
a = 1+ 5 2
1 + 5 2 MF d = = MN a
74
2 Basic Properties of Circles 3. Let O be the centre of the circle. Radius of circle = 2 10 cm
= 5 cm
Join OA, OB and OC. Construct OD BC and OE AB. OC = OB (radii) CD = BD (line from centre chord bisects chord) OD = OD (common side) OCD OBD (SSS) COD = BOD (corr. s, s) OA = OB (radii) AE = BE (line from centre chord bisects chord) OE = OE (common side) OAE OBE (SSS) AOE = BOE (corr. s, s) Let COD = and AOE = . Then, CD = 5 sin and AE = 5 sin
AB + BC = 2 AE + 2CD
= 10 sin + 10 sin = 10(sin + sin )

AB + BC attains its maximum when = = 45. x 10(sin 45 +sin 45 )
2 2 cm =10 + 2 2 =10 2 cm
The greatest possible value of x is 10 2 cm.
75

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